Preparation Guide for

MBA Entrance Exams

Verbal Ability

[ Management entrance tests have always posed a large number of vocabulary ques-

]
tions. Verbal Aptitude can be simple, if you get your perspective about Verbal right.
Solving VA questions with the following approach will help you tackle questions in a
better manner:

• There’s nothing difficult about Verbal questions. RCs or paragraphs are given. You
read them and answer the questions given.
• You just can’t figure out what is correct in Verbal. The most bizarre option tends
to be correct.

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 Index
Introduction to VA……………………………………………………………………......Pg 3
• Vocabulary………………………………………………………………………….. Pg 3
• Grammar…………………………………………………………………………......Pg 3
• Reading Comprehension………………………………………………………....….Pg 4
• Logic Based

Verbal Ability – Preparation Plan…………………………………………………..........Pg 5

• Vocabulary……………………………………………………………………….…..Pg 5
• Grammar……………………………………………………………………………..Pg 5
• Reading Comprehension ……………..………………………………………..........Pg 5
• Verbal Reasoning………….…………………………………………………….…...Pg 6

Success Mantras to crack Quant Section………………………………………...............Pg 6

Tricks to maximise your score in Verbal section…………………..................……..…..Pg 7-8

Verbal Ability Trend in CAT over a period of 5 years……………………..................…Pg 9

• CAT 2016………………………………………………………………………….…Pg 9
• CAT 2015………………………………………………………………………….…Pg 9
• CAT 2014………………………………………………………………………….…Pg 9
• CAT 2013………………………………………………………………………….…Pg 10
• CAT 2012………………………………………………………………………….…Pg 10

Verbal Ability solved questions……………………………………………………..........Pg 11-16

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Introduction to VA
Let us start by understanding Verbal Ability question-types and the skills that one needs to tackle
these questions.

Vocabulary:

Vocabulary-based questions can range from Sentence Completion and Cloze Tests to Synonyms,
Antonyms, Analogies, Spellings, Words Often Confused and Odd Words. These questions require
a combination of vocabulary knowledge, reading skills and reasoning powers. Further, vocabulary
knowledge is not merely knowing what a word means but understanding what contexts the word can
fit into.

For example, a Sentence Completion question can present the four answer options as: mitigate, al-
leviate, ameliorate, assuage. At first glance, all four words may be defined generally as, ‘to lessen the
intensity or severity of something unpleasant’, but specifically mitigate, alleviate and assuage are used
to refer to lessening pain, grief, suffering, anger. Assuage is particularly used with hunger and anger.
But ameliorate is ‘to make something more bearable’. Difficult conditions or states are ameliorated.

Take another example, the difference between the words incredible and incredulous. An unbelieving
person is incredulous. An unbelievable thing is incredible.

How to improve Vocabulary?

Vocabulary can be approached through etymology - understanding root meanings. Knowing the
meaning of a Latin root like ‘loqui’ will enable one to understand words like eloquent, loquacious,
soliloquy, ventriloquize, circumlocution, grandiloquent, magniloquent etc.
Add to your understanding of roots, the meanings of prefixes and suffixes and you have considerable
control over vocabulary.

However, at the next level, you must seek a thorough mastery of the connotations and collocations
of words by encountering words in their appropriate contexts. Contextual word learning also allows
you to retain the words through the associations that the context creates for you.

Grammar:

There are two approaches to solving grammar based question – one is the classical approach wherein
you go by rules and learn the various parts of speech and their usages and the rules that apply, or you
practice the kind of questions that are asked and you take an approach of learning the kind of errors
which lead to questions based on error detection or sentence correction. Once there is familiarity
with the error types, a lot of practice helps you cross the line.

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 Introduction to VA

Understanding Grammar does have a considerable impact on solving other Verbal questions like
Para-jumbles, Logical Continuation, Summary and even RC questions because some of the option
eliminations can be done through grammar rules as well.

The usual questions one can expect in Management entrance exams are Error Detection, Sentence
Correction, Word Usage and Fill in the Blanks.

Reading Comprehension:

Talking about Reading Comprehension, generally the verbal section comprises Summary questions,
Para-jumble and Logical Discontinuation or Odd Sentence. This means that the entire Verbal section
depends on good reading skills. Your reading skills can make or mar your verbal score!

Reading skills can be developed in three phases:

• Habit cultivation: First, cultivate the reading habit. Read, read and read. Start with simple fiction,
newspapers and blogs. The components of reading include sustained concentration and retention
of information while reading
• Speed Building: Speed of reading being a critical component of any aptitude exam, you must cul
tivate speed. Target nothing less than a reading speed of about 300 words per minute depending
on the level of the text
• Diverse Reading: Read more but read diverse. Choose to read those topics that are out of your
comfort zone. RCs in aptitude exams can be drawn from any field

Logic Based Questions (Logical Continuation, Logical Discontinuation, Critical Reasoning,

Para jumbles etc.):

A piece of writing is as logical as any piece of logic can be!

A big learning for a student of Verbal Aptitude is the realisation that writing follows logical patterns.
This is why a reader must learn to read critically. Understanding the technicalities of Critical
Reasoning is fundamental. Critical Reasoning not only prepares you to address the whole gamut of
CR questions- Assumptions, Strengthen, Weaken, Method of Reasoning, Flaw in the Reasoning,
Syllogisms but also enables you to understand structuring of ideas thus, facilitating critical reading.
With Critical Reasoning, you are ready to take on questions like Logical Continuation, Logical
Discontinuity, Para-jumble etc.

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Verbal Ability – Preparation Plan
For exam preparation, getting things right within the stipulated timeframe during the examination is of ut-
most important. This is when MBA aspirants start revisiting topics, outlining their final
strategies and working on weak zones.

Verbal Ability and Reading Comprehension is one of the crucial areas for many candidates. This is one sec-
tion that cannot be memorised or prepared overnight. Good verbal ability develops over time, with adequate
writing practice and good reading habits.

Many candidates are currently practising for Verbal Ability section in full throttle. While preparing from
MBA preparation material and important books are quite necessary, but not enough.

Vocabulary Preparation Plan

Question types like Sentence Completion (fill-in-the-blanks) and ‘Incorrect usage of the words’ have been a
staple in recent Management entrance test papers. Having a good vocabulary will not just help you in tack-
ling these questions but will also be essential to score in other areas like Reading Comprehension (RC) and
Verbal Reasoning.

Grammar Preparation Plan

Here, you may get questions that ask you to find out the mistakes in one of the sentences or in one of the
parts of a sentence. The question could also ask you to identify the best option to correct the mistake identi-
fied in the sentence.

To prepare for this area, you must have a sound understanding of English grammar and usage. ‘Wren and
Martin’, ‘Thompson and Martinet’ and ‘Michael Swan’ are some of the standard authors that may be referred
by the students.

A good reading habit is a must to develop a good vocabulary. Students may also refer to books like ‘Word
Power Made Easy’.

Reading Comprehension Preparation Plan

Since this test area includes understanding the passages that are taken from various sources, mostly non-fic-
tion, students not having diverse reading habits often find it more difficult than other areas.

Students should make it a practice to read at least two to three articles on diverse areas like Philosophy, Psy-
chology, Sociology, Economics, Science & Technology, Medicine etc. every day so that they develop comfort
in reading diverse subjects. We also recommend that more of the reading should now be online so as to get
used to read and comprehend online passages.

Verbal Reasoning Preparation Plan

This area includes questions relating to ‘Paragraph Formation/Completion’ for the given paragraph.
You may also be asked to identify the sentence that doesn’t fit in the given paragraph. This is a new
question type that was introduced recently. Other question types in this area include identifying the
best summary of the given passage.

These questions rely on application of logic or reasoning and regular practice may help you to build
proficiency in this area. Since most of the question types involve comprehension and strong com-
mand over the language, students who are regular readers will have an advantage.

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Success Mantras to crack Verbal Section
Since communication is a very important tool in all spheres of management, this section tests a
person’s English Language skills. By this, the B-schools want to gauge how well a person:

1. Comprehends the given data (passage / sentence) and understands

• The meaning of each of the words used
• The explicit message conveyed
• The implicit undertones of the passage or sentence
• The correctness of grammar (punctuation, usage etc.) and
• The direction / conclusion that is being hinted at

2. How well he manages to respond to the question posed by applying similar analysis of each of
the 4 / 5 options presented, before picking his answer.
Thus, in order to do well in this section, we need to demonstrate competence on the above metrics.
It is easy to see that each question type asked in the exam paper is trying to test us on one or more of
the above. The reading comprehension section of the exam paper employs almost all these skills in
parallel posing to be a tough deal for an aspirant.

It is also known that students who are voracious readers do well in this section, since they have
honed these skills for years. Hence, in order to excel in Verbal one should start well in time.

Read a lot:

The most important part of Verbal preparation is the reading up. [In fact, not only does it help in
the Verbal section of MBA entrances, but also in General Awareness section.] This effort can’t be
intensive in nature, since we need to assimilate what we read. Thus, the reading has to be consistently
spread out across a few months or more.

Why to read:

It is much easier to understand any language by knowing the way its words are used, its sentences
framed and ideas conveyed than by opening an English guide. Also, noticing how a word is used will
cement the correct meaning and usage of the word / phrase than learning it by rote.

The structure of the paper is such that a lot of time is required to read a passage. Irrespective of the
style of answering followed (reading before answering or vice versa) the speed at which you read the
passage is critical. Someone who can read an average length passage (400 words) in 3 minutes has a
definite edge over someone who takes 4 minutes. The best way to improve reading speed is by
reading articles in progressively lesser time.

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Tricks to maximise your score in Verbal section

Below, we have listed seven options that will enhance a candidate’s VA skills, and will help in
maximizing the score in the Verbal section. Aspirants need to become companions and friends with
these seven pointers listed below:

1. Dictionary

Candidates are bound to come across new words while preparing for the exam. Knowing the mean-
ing of words and how to use them correctly in a sentence is extremely important. This is where the
old good dictionary comes into picture. We suggest you to carry dictionaries everywhere. Yes,
everywhere. One can choose to carry the physical dictionary (big ones or pocket sized) or simply
download the dictionary app on their smartphones and tablets. In short, dictionary is an essential
element while preparing for MBA examinations.

2. Mobile Apps

Smartphones are a man’s new best friend. Let’s utilise this. Download mobile applications related to
verbal ability preparation and grammar. Visit these prep apps anywhere. But before downloading,
review the ratings and comments of these apps on Google Play store. Make sure to download apps
with 4 stars+ ratings.

3. Newspapers

Every teacher and guide, be it at school or home or college or at the coaching centre will keep
repeating just one thing- Read newspapers every day. Read both the news section and editorial
columns. Read newspapers regularly – not just to improve your verbal ability skills and be abreast
with latest news, but also to develop opinions. Here, too, you can choose to download news-related
apps.

4. Novels

Take novels everywhere you go. Carry a book in your hand so that you can read it anywhere. Read it
while waiting for the bus or train or before the teacher comes in class. The idea is to get familiar with
English language and also develop good reading speed. Pick up a genre you like (such as fantasy,
romance, horror, etc.), else it may become a task rather than a pleasant activity.

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 Tricks to maximise your score in Verbal section

5. Movies, Television

Watch enough movies and television shows to enjoy the beauty of English language. Start watching
popular English international sitcoms (such as The Big Bang Theory, Game of Thrones, etc.) and
listen to the language carefully. Observe the regular nuisances of the language and how people speak.
It can be quite useful during GD-PI and interview stage. Many shows have subtitles. Reading
subtitles can also help developing a good reading speed.

6. Youtube

Out of the seven listed VA companions, Youtube is our new favourite! On Youtube, not only can you
watch full-length VA preparation videos but also enjoy various shows, videos and movies. Not only
can one develop their language skills, but also prepare for VA at ease. All you need is a WiFi
connection or good mobile data package.

7. Verbal preparation material

And finally, never let go of the crucial material handed over to you by your teachers and seniors.
Developing an ease with English language is as crucial as knowing what topics are expected in the
exam.

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Verbal Ability Trend in CAT over a period of 5 years

CAT 2016
• Moderate difficulty Level
• Emphasis was on Reading comprehension, sentence sequencing and central idea, the difficulty
level of which was average
• The topics for RC passages were quite manageable
• There were about 5 Non-MCQ questions
• Average student could have attempted 18-20 questions while scholars could have gone upto
25-27

CAT 2015
• This section had just 3 types of questions: Logical Discontinuity / Out of Context question (3 in
number), Summary of the passage (3 in number) & Para-jumbles (4 in number). All the ques-
tions in this subsection were of the “key-in” or “non-MCQ” variety. The problem with this being
non-MCQ was that the para-jumbles became difficult because each of the parajumbles had 5
sentences to be rearranged. Links were available, but two broken links, and hence it made this
part a little tricky. However, a cheeky CAT taker will take the shots because these fall under the
“non-negative marking” category. Summary and Out of Context were non-MCQ variety but
this could be called “pseudo non-MCQ” because it was more like keying-in a number instead of
marking an option
• The shockers were that there was not a single question on Grammar (neither Sentence Correc-
tion nor Error Detection) and there wasn’t a single question based on Vocabulary (neither Fill in
the blanks nor analogies / word usages / phrasal verbs etc.)
• All in all, the section was Easy to Moderate to navigate
• 27-28 attempts with 90% accuracy could be classified as a good score in this section

CAT 2014
• A very standard Verbal Ability section
• VA had the following break-up – 7 questions of Critical Reasoning, 4 questions of Parajumbles, 4
question of odd one out, 3 questions of Grammar. Parajumbles and Critical Reasoning could be
called typical and hence a well prepared CAT student would find it easy to navigate through this
• Critical Reasoning made a comeback after a good 6-7 years. CR was more or less present due to
the RC based CR questions format. However, it was a pleasant surprise and a deserved comeback
• The RCs were moderately dense and hence did demand energy and concentration while solving
the same, but the questions were relatively easy and it was helped by the fact that the options
were easy
• The topics covered by the RCs were across technology & history and this was the first time after
a good 3-4 years that none of the topics like philosophy or psychology or some abstract concepts
had a prominent presence

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Verbal Ability Trend in CAT over a period of 5 years

CAT 2013
• The paper was Moderate on difficulty level
• The RCs were long and dense and the questions were tricky but the options were easy and the
ones who could comprehend the RC will end up reaching the correct answer through the process
of elimination
• The RCs were 3 in number addressing a total of 10 questions. The ‘fast-food’ comprising para-
jumbles, logical continuation, error detection, vocabulary based fill in the blanks, word usages,
out of context questions formed 11 questions in the paper. This part of the paper was easily nego-
tiable and less time consuming
• The sets of Reasoning were easy and solvable and were spread across arrangements and puzzles
which every prepared CAT student will enjoy
• If at all, a break-up of 50mins for VA and 20 mins for Reasoning could be termed apt
• The catch here was to navigate through the RCs and here, CAT stuck to the task of finding top-
ics like eco-feminism, socialism, environment conservation related topics which are not in the
“comfort” zones of a majority of CAT takers
• The “well-read” category of CAT takers with good persistence levels could come out with flying
colours
• Overall attempting 80% of the paper with 90% accuracy could fetch an IIM call

CAT 2012
• Verbal Ability was of Moderate difficulty level
• Reading comprehension passages were manageable. Only 1 out of the 3 passages was tough
• There was a balanced mix of questions from the various areas of Verbal Ability
• The trick here was to aim for high accuracy by correctly identifying the questions that one was
confident of solving correctly

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Few Verbal Ability solved questions
Question 1: In the following question, there are sentences that form a paragraph. Identify the
sentence(s) or part(s) of sentence(s) that is/are correct in terms of grammar and usage (including
spelling, punctuation and logical consistency). Then, choose the most appropriate option.

A. Wren was standing just outside the High Council doors, staring absently at patches of bright,
star-filled sky
B. and thought that she could barely remember her life before the beginning of her quest, when
Gavilan came up to her.
C. The others had already gone, all but Garth, who lounged against a tree some distance over,
looking out at the city.
D. Earlier, Wren had searched for Eowen, hoping to speak with her, but she has disappeared.
E. Now she turned as Gavilan approached, thinking of speaking with him instead, of asking him the
questions she was still anxious to have answered.
1] A & C 2] A & E 3] B & E 4] C & D

Answer:

Question 2: In the following questions, a word has been used in sentences in four different ways.
Choose the option corresponding to the sentence in which the usage of the word is incorrect or
inappropriate.
HEART
1] She used to wear her heart on her sleeve when she was younger, but life taught her to be more
reserved.
2] He met his heart of hearts when he was just a teenager, and they have been together ever since.
3] He had his heart set on becoming a musician, so he was miserable when his parents forced him
to study engineering instead.
4] Though our father was always strict and stern, we knew his heart was in the right place.

Answer

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Few Verbal Ability solved questions

Question 3: Each sentence has a pair of words that are italicized and highlighted. From the italicized
and highlighted words, select the most appropriate words (A or B) to form correct sentences. The
sentences are followed by options that indicate the words that may be selected to correctly complete
the set of sentences. From the options given, choose the most appropriate ones.
The lower classes were not powerful enough to come out from under the yolk (A) / yoke (B) of
oppression.
The servant returned after a long time, abased (A) / abashed (B) that he had been unable to find
his master and convey the message to him.
The defendant is liable (A) / libel (B) to be found guilty, unless he can produce some evidence
that he did not threaten the victim.
Electromagnetic signals tend to attenuate (A) / accentuate (B) over a distance, so over the large
interstellar distances, much information is lost.
1] BBAA 2] BBAB 3] ABAB 4] AABB

Answer

Question 4: The question has four sentences pertaining to a subject, which may or may not be in
sequence. One of the sentences is contextually/logically incorrect. Choose the option
corresponding to the sentence that is incorrect or inappropriate.
1] Many alchemists believed that all matter was a mixture of four elementary substances: water, air,
earth and fire.
2] The transmutation of the elements was pursued in medieval laboratories in a quest called
alchemy.
3] The defining objectives of alchemy included the creation of the fabled philosopher’s stone, which
among other things, could create an elixir of life conferring youth and longevity.
4] By altering the relative proportions of earth and fire, say, you would be able, they thought, to
change copper into gold.

Answer

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Few Verbal Ability solved questions

Question 5: The sentences given in the question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph.
Each sentence is labelled with a letter. Choose the most logical order of sentences, from among the
given choices, to construct a coherent paragraph.
A. These creation myths insist on a continuum, or at least a negotiable boundary, between animate
and inanimate matter.
B. That is usually regarded as the work of the gods.
C. Many creation myths insist that the first people were fashioned from clay, mud, dirt: primal mat-
ter given a life-soul by supernatural means.
D. Who made humans?
E. That continuity is also demanded by any purely scientific theory of life’s origins on earth, but in
myth this usually takes the form of a kind of animism in which life is immanent in all matter.
F. The Egyptian god Khnum made humankind this way from the clay of the Nile basin; the goddess
Nuwa formed the Chinese people from yellow earth; in the Book of Genesis, the Judaeo-Chris-
tian god ‘created man of the dust of the ground’.
1] CFADBE 2] DFCAEB 3] CAEDBF 4] DBCFAE

Answer

Question 6: The question has a paragraph from which the last sentence has been deleted. From the
given options, choose the sentence that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.

Our embrace of the idea that computer databases provide an effective and even superior substi-
tute for personal memory is not particularly surprising. It culminates a century-long shift in the
popular view of the mind. As the machines we use to store data have become more voluminous,
flexible and responsive, we’ve grown accustomed to the blurring of artificial and biological mem-
ory. But it’s an extraordinary development nonetheless. The notion that memory can be ‘out-
sourced’ to machines would have been unthinkable at any earlier moment in our history.
For the Ancient Greeks, memory was a goddess: Mnemosyne, mother of the Muses. To Augus-
tine, it was ‘a vast and infinite profundity’, a reflection of the power of God in man. Now, his
words seem old-fashioned. Not only has memory lost its divinity, it’s well on its way to losing its
humanness.
1] Now memory is outsourced to machines.
2] God is no longer in the machine.
3] Mnemosyne has become a machine.
4] Mnemosyne is irrelevant in the information age.

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Few Verbal Ability solved questions

Answer

Directions for Questions 7-10

The passage given below is followed by a set of questions. Choose the most appropriate answer to
each question.
Two of the four main physical forces are familiar ones: electromagnetism and gravity. Even
though it is the most obvious force we experience in everyday life, gravity is by far the weakest
of the four. The reason why it is so important to us is that our weight is caused by the pull of the
entire Earth, almost six million billion billion kilograms of matter (6 × 1024 kg), acting together.
It takes the gravitational pull of all that mass put together to hold us down on the surface of the
Earth with the weight we feel.
This can be put in perspective by comparing the strength of gravity with the strength of the
electromagnetic force, or with one aspect of electromagnetism: the electric force. The electric
force of repulsion between two protons is 1036 times stronger than the strength of the
gravitational attraction between the same two protons the same distance apart.
On the nuclear and atomic scales, gravity is utterly insignificant, and molecules are held
together by electric forces without any complications caused by the gravitational interactions
between atoms.
These electric forces can, of course, produce attraction, not just repulsion, which is what holds
electrons and nuclei together in atoms, and holds atoms together to make molecules.
On the surface of the Earth, there is constant competition between electric forces holding things
together and gravitational forces tending to break things apart. Because of this smaller bodies
can survive more easily if they suffer a fall. But a large animal is likely to suffer broken limbs even
by falling over, let alone in a fall from a tree or over a cliff. We humans are close to the limit of
how big an active animal can be and survive on Earth. In order to be much larger than a human
being, you have to be sturdy and ponderous, like an elephant, or live in the sea, like a whale,
where the water offers support. Roughly speaking, the rule of thumb is that the volume of a body
(and therefore its mass) is proportional to the cube of its linear size (its height), but the strength
of its bones is only proportional to its cross-section, which depends on the square of the linear
size. Since mass is proportional to volume, and the force of gravity pulling on a body (its weight)
is proportional to its mass, as bodies get bigger the forces operating when they fall increase more
than the ability of their bones to withstand a fall.
This puts the seemingly incredible weakness of gravity in a different perspective. S
uppose gravity were a million times stronger (which would still leave it 1030 times weaker than
the electric force). This would not be enough to affect atomic and molecular processes, so

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Few Verbal Ability solved questions

everything on the scale of atoms and molecules – in particular, chemistry – would operate the
way it does in our Universe.
But because of the volume rule, anything living on the surface of a planet in such a Universe
would also have to be very small, in order not to break apart when it fell over. There could not be
anything as large as us, and nothing with the same sort of complexity as us.
Most important of all, in this high-gravity universe, the stars would live for only about 10 thou-
sand years before they had used up all their fuel, instead of living for about 10 billion years, as
stars like the Sun do in our Universe. Since the chemistry in such a universe would be no differ-
ent from that in our Universe, there would be no time for evolution even to begin. Gravity has to
be as weak as it is for us to exist. A truly cosmic coincidence!

Question 7:
What is the main point of this passage?
1] Gravity is far weaker than the other physical forces like electromagnetism.
2] It’s a cosmic coincidence that gravity is as weak as it is.
3] Gravity has to be as weak as it is in order for life to exist.
4] If gravity hadn’t been as weak as it is, humans would never have evolved.

Answer

Question 8:
Would an elephant have an advantage over a human being in a universe in which gravity was
a million times stronger than in ours?
1] Yes, as it would be better able to withstand a fall, because it is sturdy and massive.
2] Yes, as its bones would be proportionally stronger in comparison to its mass.
3] No, as it would be too heavy to survive for long.
4] No, as neither would be likely to evolve in the first place.

Answer

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Few Verbal Ability solved questions

Question 9:
Which of the following is true about the electric force, as per this passage?
I. The electric force is the strongest of the four main physical forces.
II. The electric force of repulsion between two protons is 1036 times stronger than the strength of
the attraction between the same two protons.
III. Atoms and molecules are held together by the forces of electric attraction.
1] Only II 2] Only III 3] I and II 4] I and III

Answer

Question 10:
This passage describes a hypothetical high-gravity universe. Which of the following is likely to be
true, as per the information given in the passage, in a hypothetical universe in which gravity is a
million times weaker than it actually is?
1] Chemistry would work very differently from that in our Universe.
2] More animals would evolve to be as large as or even larger than whales.
3] Stars and planets would never form, as gravity would not be strong enough to pull enough mate-
rial together.
4] None of the above.

Answer

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 Few Quantitative Aptitude solved questions
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