EXERCISE 9.

3 in page 236
Answer:
2.
Some roses are red.
3.
Some bats are nocturnal animals.
5.
Some desserts are foods that are not fattening.
6.
All igloos are structures made of ice.
8.
No cheaters are persons that prosper.
9.
All clouds are things that have silver linings.
11.
All events that are identical with World War II are events that began in 1939.
12.
All cars are vehicles.
14.
Some Wessex College students are students that graduate in four years.
15.
Some sheep are not white sheep.
17
Some persons are not humans.
18.
No mammals are reptiles.
20.
All humans are persons who prefer belief to the exercise of judgment.
21.
Some persons are persons that have been ruined by success.
23.
All free persons are educated persons.
24.
All persons that go to a psychiatrist are persons that should have their heads
examined.
26.
No places are places more delightful to a person than that person's own home.
27.
No things that are not worth doing are things that are worth doing well.
29.
All lives that are worth living are examined lives.
32.
All persons who say farewell when the road darkens are faithless persons.
32.
All (true) men are nonconformists.
33.
All persons who have a why are persons who can bear with almost any how.
35.
Some men are rogues.

EXERCISE 9.4 pages 248-249

Ansercise:

I. Use Venn diagrams to test the validity of the following arguments.

2. No farmers are city-dwellers.

All city-dwellers are urbanites.
So, no urbanites are farmers.

3. All curmudgeons are pessimists.

All pessimists are cynics.
So, some cynics are curmudgeons.
5. No beach bums are workaholics.
Some beach bums are rollerbladers.
So, some rollerbladers are not workaholics.

6. All violinists are musicians.

Some bookworms are violinists.
So, some bookworms are musicians.
8. Some dot.com millionaires are philanthropists.
All philanthropists are altruists.
So, some altruists are dot.com millionaires.

9. Some telemarketers are Methodists.

Some Methodists are Democrats.
So, some Democrats are telemarketers.
11. No mockingbirds are cardinals.
Some cardinals are songbirds.
So, some songbirds are not mockingbirds.

12. All ecologists members are environmentalists.

All ecologists members are wilderness lovers.
So, all wilderness lovers are environmentalists.

14. All cats are carnivores.

All tigers are cats.
So, all tigers are carnivores.
15. All sound arguments are valid arguments.
Some sound arguments are mathematical arguments.
So, some mathematical arguments are not valid arguments.

17. Some idealists are not romantics.

All idealists are dreamers.
So, some dreamers are not romantics.

18. Some stockbrokers are couch potatoes.

All stockbrokers are e-traders.
So, some e-traders are couch potatoes.

20. All meteorologists are forecasters.

Some forecasters are psychics.
So, some psychics are meteorologists.