GONAD Reproductive organ that produce gamet. female : ovary, male : testis GAMETE Reproductive cell that containing haploid number of chromosomes. female : ovum, male : sperm FERTILIZATION Fusion of two gametes to form a single cell (zygote). ZYGOTE The fertilized egg, which is diploid, that results from fusion of a sperm cell and an egg cell nucleus. OVUM The female gametes, the haploid, unfertilized egg. UTERUS The womb, the organ where the development of young occurs, in the female reproductive organ. OVIDUCT / FALLOPIAN TUBE The two tubes connecting the uterus with the ovaries, conveys egg cells away from ovary, fertilization site. OVARIUM Female gonad, which produces egg cells and reproductive hormones. FIMBRAE The end of fallobian tube/oviduct, catch the egg cell. VAGINA The tube leading from the uterus to the outside of the body, also called the birth canal, accomodates the penis and receives sperm during copulation. CERVIX The neck of utereus, which opens into the vagina. The lower portion of the uterus; where the vagina and uterus meet. PENIS The external reproductive organ, urethra passes through the penis and allows urine and semen to exit the body. VAS DEFERENS The tube which connects the testes to the urethra and allows semen to exit the body, conveys sperm away from the testis. EPIDIDYMIS Site of sperm maturation and storage TESTIS The male gonad, two glands which produce sperm and reproductive hormones. BULBOURETHRAL (COWPER’S A pair of glands near the base of the penis in GLAND) the human male that secrete fluid that lubricates and neutralizes acids in the urethra during sexual arousal. SEMINAL VESICLE A gland in male that secrete fructose ( sperm use this sugar for energy) and prostaglandins (induce muscles to contract). PROSTATE GLAND A gland in human’s male that secretes most of the liquid part of the semen (sperm + glandular secretion). May help buffer the low pH (3.4 – 4.0) of vaginal fluid. SPERM The male gametes, the haploid. SPERMATOGENESIS The formation of sperm cells. OOGENESIS The formation of egg cells. MITOSIS The type of cell division that occurs in non- reproductive cells. The division of a single nucleus into two genetically identical daughter nuclei. MEIOSIS The cell division that occurs in reproductive cells; gametes. The division of a single diploid nucleus into four haploid daughter nuclei. MENSTRUATION The menstrual cycle involves the release of a mature egg from a follicle and the preparation of the uterus for pregnancy. Menstruation is a monthly shedding of a female's uteral lining; it lasts about 3 to 5 days (average) and contains blood and tissue that exits her body through the cervix and vagina – the first day of menstruation is the first day of your period. TESTOSTERON The male hormone secreted by Leydig cells, located between tubulus seminiferus. Play role in Meiosis I. Controls the development of primary and secondary sexual characteristics. PROGESTERONE The female hormone secreted by Corpus and stimullated by LH. Responsible to prepare uterus wall to received fertilized egg, implantation of embryo. ESTROGEN The female hormones secreted by de Graaf’s follicle and stimulated by FSH. Responsible to growth and development of female sexual characteristics (primary and secondary sex). LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH) stimulates the production of estrogens and progesterone from the ovary Trigger ovulation and development of corpus luteum Concentrations of LH increase during ovulation Stimulated Leydig cells to produce testoteron FOLICLE STIMULATING stimulates the maturation of ovarian HORMONE (FSH) follicles Stimulate sertoli cells to change spermatid to sperm (spermiasi) MENOPAUSE the time in a woman’s life when she gradually slows down and finally stops producing eggs and her menstrual cycle ceases. PUBERTY stage in the humans development when the sex organs mature and first produce gametes. IMPLANTATION when a fertilized egg, or blastocyst, has attached to the lining of the uterine wall. It marks the beginning of pregnancy. OVULATION the release of an egg cell from an ovarian follicle. COPULATION sexual intercourse EJACULATION Discharge of semen from the penis. SEMEN The fluid contains sperm cells. PLACENTA The organ that provides nutrients and oxygen to the embryo and helps dispose of its metabolic wastes, formed of the embryo’s chorion and the mother’s endometrial blood vessels. UMBILICAL CORD Contains Wharton's jelly, a gelatinous substance made largely from mucopolysaccharides which protects the blood vessels inside. It contains one vein, which carries oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood to the fetus, and two arteries that carry deoxygenated, nutrient-depleted blood away. CHORION The outermost extraembryonic membrane, which becomes the mammalian embryo’s part of placenta. AMNION the extraembryonic membrane that encloses the fluid-filled amniotic sac containing the embryo. CHROMOSOME a threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell and most visible during mitosis and meiosis, also the main gene-carrying structure of a prokaryotic cell. Chromosome consist of chromatin, a combination of DNA and protein. CHROMATIN The complex of DNA and proteins that constitutes eukaryotic chromosomes, often used to refer to the diffuse, very extended form taken by chromosomes when a call is not dividing. CHROMATID each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA. GENE a region of DNA that describes a trait of an organism. DNA the hereditary material in humans and almost deoxyribonucleic acid, all other organisms. The information in DNA is stored as a code made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION / the formation of new individuals from the ASEXUAL cell(s) of a single parent. GENERATIVE REPRODUCTION/ a form of reproduction where two gametes SEXUAL fuse together. Each gamete contains half the number of chromosomes of normal cells.