NAME.

: VUTIVI FINNOLIA
SURNAME. : MASHIMBYE
STUDENT NO. : 61609676
LECTURE : Mr N Ndwandwe
TITTLE. : Sociology of Education
UNIQUE CODE. : 766003
ASSIGNMENT NO. : 02
DATE. : 25 March 2019

QUESTION S PAGES

Question 1
a) Page 2
b) Page2
c) Page3
d) Page3
Question 2
a) Page 3
b) Page 4
Question 3
a) Page 5
b) Page 5
c) Page 6
Question 4
a) Page 6
b) Page 6
c) Page 7
d) Page 7

Question 5
a) Page 7
b) Page 8
c) to Page 8

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Question 1
a)
I) Social order it is the product of multiple and sometimes contradictory
process and also a necessary feature of any society and it is deeply important
for building a sense belongings and connection with others and social orders in
society is also responsible for producing and maintaining oppression social
orders goes all in hand with the beliefs,values,Norms and practices of a given
group of people
II) The interdependence of different parts of society this is where we live in an
interdependence society of group of people where we all depends on each
other for most of our needs
III) Manifest this function probally refers to the intended function of social
policies ,process or action that are consciously and deliberately designed to be
beneficial units effect on society. Manifest are conscious deliberate and
beneficial that people observe or expect it is explicitly stated and understood
by the participants in the relevant actions.
E.g. in terms of gadgets manifest function of gadgets can be it allow people to
access stuff easily regarding studies or entertainment.
IV) Latent function are unconscious nor deliberate but also produce benefit
they are in effect unintended positive consequences latent function include
the formation of friendship among students who matriculate at the same
school this function can also cause disorder and conflict within society and
education also fulfils latent function

b)
• Positive of functionalist explain how society minimise conflict through
socialisation and social control

Show the importance of shared culture as the basis of social orders

• Negative of functionalist it does not give sufficient weight to human
agency
It is determinist

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c)
• Role differentiation this where members of society perform different
task and occupation and thereby contribute to the functioning of
society.
• Social solidarity is unity of a group of class that produces or is based on
unities of interest and objective standard it also refers to the ties in
society that bind people together as one and with society it is social
cohesion based upon dependence which individuals have on each other
in more advanced societies .social solidarity involve beliefs, value and
moral standards.

d)
As we know that a norm is an unwritten informal rule that governs
individual behaviour in an organisation I do not think we do have
agreement on Norms and values in South Africa because thousands of
schools lack of things like infrastructure necessary to provide learners with
quality of education, electricity, water and teachers nowadays they do not
directly teach rules to the students about Norms and values

Question 2
a)
I) With agent socialization school and family provide children as well as
other members with Norms ,value in society to take place as well
II) Material resources are scarce and unequal but the resources will
compete
III) With the ability for the idea is shaping by face to face encounters
IV) Bronfenbrenner put learners based with the size of the school
infrastructure and environment by the influence of the work
conditions of teachers towards learners
V) Cultural is a language that different people uses and it involves
society by defining the group of people in society

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b)
The difference between conflict theory from functionalist is that
• Conflict theory states that a society is in perpetual class conflict due to
limitation and unequal distribution of resources and conflict theory
focuses on the concept of social inequality in the division of resources
and therefore the conflict that exist between classes which will
eventually trigger social change. Conflict theory do not believe that
public school reduce social inequality they believe that the educational
system reinforces social inequalities that arise from difference in class
• With functionalist theory this theory state all aspects of a society serve
a function and are necessary for the survival of that society .
Functionalist sees education as serving a beneficial role

FUNCTIONALIST CONFLICT
Theory that state all Theory that state there
aspects of a society is a perpetual class
serve a function and are conflict in the society
necessary for the due to the unequal
survival of that society distribution of resources

Question 3
a)
They are inevitable because are necessary for change in society since they help
to build relationships in groups of identity, build cohesion in groups and can
lead to balance of power in society as well as creating new rules and laws and
they part of all relationships between individuals who work together
• Conflict produces better solution strengthen bonds and provide
the opportunity to see variety of perspective
• Conflict is actually a very positive part of communication
• Because of the different amount of materials and non materials
resources available to them and some individuals people and
groups have more power than others
• They are likely to use power in other to exploit with less power.

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b)
• Achievements based outcomes to ensure students are mastering skills
necessary to successfully enter either the institution of higher learning
• Criticism levelled of functionalist is that the approach encourage the
maintenance of the status quo and complacency on the part of society
members. The system of class and it highly differentiated arrangements
of a role status and reward allocation are not questioned
• Functionalist on theory departs from the observation that are most
modern societies are multicultural
• This critism points out the modern industrial capitalist societies are
highly socially stratified in terms of class,status, ethnicity,gender and life
• Sociology of education tend to fit best when applied to a largely
unproblematic nation of modern capitalist of society this implies that
the proposition and assertion of functionalist theory about what
contribute to modern society.

c)
Hidden curriculum is a broad category that includes all unrecognised and
sometimes unintended knowledge. It include value and beliefs that are part
of the learning process in school and classroom
Hidden curriculum are the lesson that are taught informally and usually
unintentionally in a school system and they include behaviours and attitude
that students picks up while they are at school
E.g. At school hidden curriculum students learn to form opinion and ideas
about their environment and their classmates.
Students gain knowledge in school and reinforces existing social inequalities

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Question 4

a) Context in symbolic interactionism involve the surrounding,

circumstances, environment and background that determine specify and
clarify the meaning of an event and all about providing background that
focuses on society as the product of symbolic interactionism between
people
• Behaviour
• Race
• Religious
• Cultures

b) Theorists the family as a unity of different individuals who are working

together to shape each others personalities. According to theorists
family works towards the continuance of social inequality within society
by maintaining and reinforcing .
Theorists view the family as a social arrangements benefiting. Symbolic
interactionist view the family as a site of social reproduction where meanings
are negotiated .
Theorists view the family as a historical institution that has maintained.
SymboliccSymbolicc interactionist can be implemented in family therapy .
Symbolic interactionist theory works well for describing individuals in
behaviour. They does not allow for the prediction of an individual behaviour
A symbolic interactionist on family of socialisation encompasses a broad range
of process and outcome involved in integrating . It is viewed that socialisation
is responsible for the formation of the personalities and self concept of
individual as well as transmission of valued and attitude

c) Democracy is a political system in which citizen are expected to

participate in the decision making process and running of affairs in their
groups, society or nation

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 Democracy is a system of government where the whole population gets
to vote for representative that will represent their area
In Ancient Democracy helped to pick a leader among the citizen and system
that processing conflict in which depends on what participants do . Ancient
democracy means rule by people and society in which the citizen are sovereign
and control the government in this form or ancient democracy are
continuously involved in the exercise of power and decision by majority rules.
In Modern Democracy is a system of political beliefs which emphasis the right
of the individual and giving them the power and freedom to choose how they
are rules and today in democracy people have opportunities to vote for their
representatives that will represent them and people stand together as society
and be one nation

d) Soft learning refers to learning that relies entirely on the school

curriculum

Hard learning refers to the learning by doing involving learning

opportunities within as well as outside the formal school curriculum

Question5

a) I agree as we know that gender is culturally determined and is

associated with the construction of masculinities and feminities in
society and how girls are socialised into being feminine and how boys
are socialised into being masculine.

The answer is yes I agree that gender and race are both social constructs
but they are not constructed in the same way and to treat them the
same way is reductive and does a disservice to both people of colour and
trans gender people’s. With SoE book the sociologist believes that
gender is a social fact (page 86) and gender is seen as something that is
accomplished through the ongoing social interaction that people have

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 with each other. Gender and race is constantly constructed and
reproduced through social constructs.

Race is often seen as denoting biological difference however race is

social constructs developed through opinion and social contact
Society assigns people to racial categories such as black, white not
because of science logic of fact but because of opinion and social
experience this is why it is said that race is socially constructed referred
page (88)

b) To have social class a person must earn to get there it is not just
happened a person must work hard to have it and social class involve a
group of individuals who occupy similar positions in society or economy
this provide financial , rewards and stability a person’s dream happen on
it with social class one can find people with upper class, middle class
,lower class and poor a person does not have this kind of class on given
birth he/she must work hard to earn it

c)
Access to education is the ability of all people to have equal opportunity in
education regardless of their social class , gender , ethnicity background or
physical and mental . Education is a basic human rights but many groups in
society still do not have access or opportunity to learn especially if they live
in poverty . There are some of groups of people who have greater access to
education those who come from wealthy family background . Access to
school is hampered by poor roads