v/;k;&1

izLrkouk
isfIldks] bUdksiksZjsVsM ¼NYSE PEP½ Q‚pZ~;wu 500
vejhdh cgqjk"Vªh; dEiuh gS ftldk eq[;ky; ijpsl] U;w;‚dZ esa
gS vkSj bldh :fp dbZ çdkj ds dkcksZusVsM ,oa xSj
dkcksZusVsM is;] vukt vk/kkfjr ehBs vkSj uedhu LuSDl
vkSj vU; [kk| inkFkZ ds mRiknu vkSj foi.ku esa gSA isIlh
czkaM ds vykok ;g dEiuh Dosdj vksV~l] xsVksjsM] fÝVks
ys] lkscs] usdsM] Vª‚fidkuk] dksisYyk] ekmaVsu Miw
fefjaMk vkSj 7 vi ¼vejhdk ds ckgj½ tSls nwljs czkaM dh
Hkh ekfyd gSA

2006 ls bafnjk —".kkewfrZ uw;h isfIldks dh eq[; çca/kd gSa

vkSj bdkbZ ds is; inkFkZ forj.k vkSj c‚Vfyax dk mrjnkf;Ro
lEcaf/kr bdkbZ tSls nh isIlh c‚Vfyax xzqi NYSE PBG vkSj
isIlh vesfjdkl PAS laHkkyrh gSA isfIldks ,d ,lvkbZlh 2080
SIC 2080 is; inkFkZ bdkbZA

bfrgkl

isIlh dk eq[;ky; ijpsl] U;w ;ksdZ vkSj oygkyk esa fodkl ,oa
vuqla/kku eq[;ky; fLFkr gSA 1898 esa m|ksxifr vkSj
QkesZflLV dkysc czf/ke us isIlh dksyk daiuh dh LFkkiuk dh
vkSj 1965 esa fÝVks ys ds lkFk foy; ds ckn bls isfIldks ds
uke ls tkuk tkus yxk- 1997 rd bldk LokfeRo ds,Qlh] fiTtk gV
vkSj VSdks csy ij Hkh Fkk ysfdu ;g lHkh QkLV QwM
jsLrjka VªkbZdkSu Xykscy jsLrjka] esa foyf;r gks x, tks vc
tkuk tkrk gS ;e!czkaM vkbZ ulh ds uke ls] isfIldks us 1998
esa Vªksfidkuk vkSj 2001 esa Dosdj vksV~l dks [kjhnk-
fnlacj 2005 esa tc ls nksuksa daifu;ksa ds chp çfrLi/kkZ
'kq: gqbZ] isfIldks us 112 lkyksa esa dksdk dksyk ls igyh
ckj] cktkj Hkko esa c<+r gkfly dhA

isIlh&dksyk osustq,yk

d‚jiksjsV ç'kklu

isfIldks ds orZ~reku cksMZ v‚Q Mk;jsDVjds lnL; gSa baæk

uw;h lhbZvks] j‚cVZ bZ- ,yu] Mhuk Mqcy‚u] foDVj tkS] js yh
gaV] vYcVksZ bZcktqZ,u] vkFkZj ekfVZust] LVhosu
jhuseqaM] 'ksjksu j‚dQsyj] tsEl f'kjks] Ýsadfyu Fk‚el]
flafFk;k VªwMsy vkSj jhoj fdax-

1 vDVwcj 2006 dks iwoZ eq[; foÙkh; vf/kdkjh vkSj v/;{k

baæk uwbZ us eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh ¼lhbZvks½ ds :i esa
LVhosu jhuseqaM dks çfrLFkkfir fd;kA ebZ 2007 esa uw;h
cksMZ dh v/;{k cuh vkSj fuxe dh v/;{k cuh gqbZa gSaA
isfIldks baVjus'kuy fMohtu ds v/;{k ekbd OgkbV gSaA

isfIldks esa iwoZ vkyk vf/kdkjh

LVhosu jhuseqaM

jkstj ,ufjdks

Mh- osu dkYykso;

t‚u Ldyh

ekbdy ,p t‚MZu

MksukYM ,e- dsaMy

fØLVksQj , flaDySj

vYÝsM LVhyh

iSjoh/i{k tqVko

vesfjdk esa] vius çfr}anh dksdk dksyk dEiuh ds lkFk dke

djrs gq, isfIldks] is; m|ksx ds i{k esa vuqdwy dkuwu cukus
esa ,d çeq[k iSjohdkj jgh gSA isfIldks us 2005 esa 740]000
M‚yj] 2006 esa 880318 M‚yj] 2007 esa 1 fefy;u M‚yj vkSj
2008 esa 1]176]000 M‚yj iSjoh ij [kpZ fd,A 2009 esa] iSjoh
ij [kpZ c<+ dj 4-2 djksM+ M‚yj gks x;k ;k ;wa dgsa fd blesa
300 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZA iSjoh ij gks jgs [kpZ esa o`f) dk
dkj.k bl is; m|ksx ij yxk;s tkus okys djksa dh o`f) ds f[kykQ
yM+kbZ dh otg ls gSA[3] 2009 esa] isfIldks dh vksj ls 8 vyx
vyx QeksaZ ls 31 iSjohdkj bldh iSjoh dj jgsa gSaA[4]

isIlh laxhr

isIlh E;wftd ;kgw ij utj vkus okyk çeks'uy E;wftd yscy gSA
blds dbZ oxZ gSa tSls isIlh ekbZd ikl] tks áwLVu] VsDlkl
esa lcls çfl) gSA ;g dykdkjksa dks isIlh vkSj isfIldks ds vU;
mRiknksa ds foKkiu ds fy, Hkh vuqcaf/kr djrk gSA

isIlh E;qftdk ySfVu pkSuy ewu2 ij çlkfjr gksus okyk 'kks

gSA

xzhu yscy lkmaM ekmaVsu Mîw dk fjd‚MZ yscy gS tks

eq¶r MkmuyksM nsrk gS vkSj bl çdkj uoksfnr dykdkjksa
dks c<+kok nsrk gSA

isfIldks czkaM

isfIldks 5 vyx&vyx] vjc M‚yj ds czkaMksa dk ekfyd gSA ;s

isIlh] Vª‚fidkuk] fÝVks ys] Dosdj vkSj xsVksjsM gSaA daiuh
dbZ vU; czkaM dh Hkh ekfyd gSA
isIlh] dSQhu eqä isIlh] MkbV isIlh/isIlh ykbV] dSQhu eqä
MkbV isIlh] dSQhu eqä isIlh ykbV] okbYM psjh isIlh] isIlh
ykbe] isIlh eSDl] isIlh fV~oLV vkSj isIlh ou-

vU; vesfjdh dkcksZusVsM 'khry is;ksa esa ekmaVsu Mîw]

Ø'k] ex :V fc;j] fl,jk feLV] Vª‚fidkuk fV~oLVj lksMk vkSj
¶okZx 'kkfey gSaA

7 vi ¼vejhdk ds ckgj] iwjs fo'o esa½

vU; vesfjdh is; ftles esa 'kkfey gSa ,DokfQuk ¼¶ysoj

LIyS'k] vykbZo vkSj fV~oLV/clZ~V½] Vkok] Mksys]
xsVksjsM] bTth] ,,eih ,uthZ] çksisy fQVusl okVj] lkscs]
Dosdj feYd fpylZ vkSj Vªksfidkuk-

vesfjdk ds ckgj foi.ku gksus okys is;% vYokys]

dadksfMZ;k] dksisYyk] ,ososZl] fQ,LVk] Ýq^foVk] Ýqdks]
H2OH!] boh] tqUdkuks] dSl] ywtk] eUtuk dksjksuk]
eSUtfuVk l‚y] fefjaMk] iklks ns yksl rksjksl ¼is;½] jSfMdy
ÝwV] lSu dkyksZl] 'ohi 'oi] 'kkuh] Vhe] fVªiy dksyk vkSj
;sfMxu-

fÝVks ys czkaM~l% csdu&bV~l] cklsZy] cksdfcV~l] pht

fVªl] phVksl] psLVlZ] fpthVksl] pq#ZeSl] ØSdj tSd] Øqftrksl]
MksjhVksl] QSUnSUxksl] fÝVksl] QU;al] xSeslk] xks
LuSDl] tsEl xzSaMek dqdhl] gEdkl] yst] fel fofdl] eafpl]
eqUpksl] fud uSDl] vksfYy,l ehV LuSDl] DokolZ] jksYM
xksYM] #¶QYl] jLVylZ ehV fLVDl] lczhrkl] lfczrksusl]
lSUMksjk] lSfUrrkl] LekVZQwM] nh fLeFl LuSdQwM daiuh]
lkSufjDl] LVslh fiêk fpIl] lu fpIl] VkSj Vht] dqjdqjs] V‚lVhV‚l]
okdlZ vkSj oksVlhV~l-

Dosdj vksV~l czkaM% vkaVh tsfeek] dSi ,u Øap] psoh

xzkuksyk cklZ] dksDohjks] fØLiEl] —,Lyh] ÝsLdkohuk]
fdax fo,ruke] ykbQ] vksvRlks flaiy] Dosd] fDoLi] jkbZl ,
jksuh vkSj LiM~t-

2005 esa isfIldks us fo;ruke[5] esa fLVax ,uthZ fMªad

¼dkcksZusVsM½ dh 'kq:vkr dhA 2010 esa ikfdLrku]
fQyhihal vkSj eysf'k;k lfgr dqN ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa esa Hkh 'kq:
fd;kA

2007 esa] uw;h us 1-3 fcfy;u M‚yj LokLF;onZ~/kd oSdfYid

czkaMksa ij [kpZ fd;k tSls dSfyQksfuZ;k ds lks; fMªad vkSj
v‚xsZfud twl fuekZrk usdsM twl-

gky gh esa isfIldks us vesfjdk fLFkr lkcjk fMfIiax daiuh[6]

esa 50% dh fgLlsnkjh gkfly dh gSA
lk>snkjh

dbZ ,sls czkaM ftudk isfIldks ekfyd ugha gS muds lkFk

blus lk>snkjh dk xBu fd;k gS rkfd vius czkaM ds lkFk
bUgsa Hkh cktkj esa yk lds ;k foi.ku dj ldsA

ÝkIiqfPluks

LVkjcDl Mcy 'k‚V

LVkjcDl vkbLM d‚Qh

eSaMfju ¼ykblsal½
Mh ,aM th ¼ykblsal½

fyIVu fczLd

fyIVu vksfjftuy vkbLM Vh

fyIVu vkbLM Vh

csu ,aM tSjh feYd 'ksd

Mksy ds jl vkSj twl fMªaDl ¼ykblsal½

luh fMykbZV ¼luh fMykbZV csojst ds fy, isfIldks }kjk

mRikfnr½

FRS

can gq, czkaM~l

isfIldks ds 7 vi dks [kjhn ysus ds ckn LçkbV vkSj 7 vi dks

isIlh dk tokc Vhe] can dj fn;k x;kA

v‚y LiksVZ~l] [ksy lEcU/kh is; dh ,d Ja[kyk- v‚y LiksVZ~l

gYdk dkcksZusVsM Fkk blds foijhr çfr}af};ksa dk xsVksjsM
vkSj dksd ds LokfeRo okyk ikokjsM xSj dkcksZusVsM
FkkA 2001 esa DoSdj vksV~l ds [kjhnus ij ¼okLro esa ;g
xSVksjsM dks vf/kx`ghr djuk Fkk½ v‚y LiksVZ~l dk eryc
ugha jg x;k vkSj bls nwljh daiuh dks csp fn;k x;kA
,sLiu lksMk] lso ds Lokn ;qä ,d 'khry is; ¼1970 ds n'kd ds
mÙkjknZ~/k ,oa 80 ds n'kd ds iwokZnZ~/k esa½

fØLVy isIlh] isIlh dksyk dk ,d Li"V laLdj.k-

ÝwV odZ~l% tk;ds Fks LVªkcsjh esyu] ihp iik;k] [kês dhuw]
,Iiy jkLicsjh vkSj xqykch yseksusM- nks vU; Lokn Fks]
iS'ku v‚jsat vkSj xqvkok csjh] ;g dsoy gokbZ esa miyC/k
FksA

tksLrk% 1995 esa xqvkjkuk ds lkFk 'kq: gqvk] ;g igyk mtkZ

nsus okyk is; Fkk tks vesfjdk ds fdlh cM+h l‚¶V fMªad
cukus okys daiuh us 'kq: fd;k FkkA

efrdk% vxLr 2001 esa 'kq: fd;k x;k] ;g pk; ;k twl ds fy,
oSdfYid is; Fkk] ftls 'kDdj ls ehBk fd;k tkrk Fkk vkSj blesa
ftUlsax FkkA MªSxu ÝwV iks'ku] eSftd eksefcu] fefFkdy
eSaxks] jkbZflax LVkj ÝwV] LdkbZ gkbZ csjh-

ektkxzSu/ektkxzu% 1995 esa 'kqHkkjaHk

feLVj xzhu ¼lkscs½

ikf'k;ks ¼lksMk½% Lokn okys is; dh Ja[kyk ¼1960& ^70

ds n'kd ds mÙkjknZ~/k esa½

isIlh ,t] isIlh dksyk dk ,d e/;& dSyksjh laLdj.k-

isIlh Cyw] isIlh dksyk dk uhyk laLdj.k tks csjh ds Lokn dk

FkkA

isIlh dksuk% isIlh dksyk dk d‚Qh़ ds Lokn ;qä laLdj.k]

bldk 'kqHkkjEHk 1997 esa gqvkA
Lewn ewl% 'kqHkkjEHk 1995] ;g ,d nqX/k vk/kkfjr is; FkkA

LV‚e%Z ekpZ 15] 1998 esa 'kq:vkr] ;g fl,jk feLV }kjk

çfrLFkkfir gqvkA

fefjaMk ykbZe% 1990 ds n'kd ds nwljs pj.k esa ¼Hkkjr

esa½ 'kq: fd;k x;k ij vlQy jgkA

PEPSICO कक कककककक

isfIldks ¼Hkkjr½ çkbosV fyfeVsM ds eq[; mRikn fuEufyf[kr

gSaA
 Pepsi Mirinda Orange
 Mirinda Lemon 7 Up
 Mountain Dew Slice
 Pepsi Diet Lehar Soda
 Aquafina Nimbooz
 Tropicana Lehar Namkeen
 Lays Kurkure
 Uncle Chips Cheetos

v/;k;&2
v/;;u ds mn~ns’;
fuekZ.k çfØ;k
c‚Vfyax QSDVªh esa ty mipkj] la;a= 1* thok.kq eqä
'khry ty dk mRiknu djus okyh ,d çfØ;k gS] tks fd
COKE vkSj PEPSI }kjk fu/kkZfjr fofunsZ'k ds vuqlkj
gSA lksMk phuh cukus dh bdkbZ phuh flji rS;kj djus
ds fy, gS] ekud fefJr çfr'krA ,d baVjfefDlax ;wfuV gS
tgka ,d v/kZ Lopkfyr çfØ;k ds ek/;e ls phuh flji gSA
nksuksa Lokn ds ikuh vkSj dks ,d fo'ks"k Lokn ds
'khry is; esa ifj.kkeLo:i fNfær fd;k tkrk gSA

,d fo'kky cksry o‚f'kax e'khu gS] tgka cksrycan ykSVs

cktkjksa dks lqij xeZ ikuh] Dyksjhu vkSj fQj 'khry
BaMk ikuh esa yxkrkj /kks;k tkrk gSA

/kqykbZ ç.kkyh ds ek/;e ls cksryksa dks o‚'kj dh enn

ls ckgj fd;k tkrk gS vkSj Lopkfyr :i ls lSdM+ksa
cksryksa dks /kks;k vkSj lkQ fd;k tkrk gSA cksryksa
dks dUos;j ls fQfyax e'khu ;wfuV esa ys tk;k tkrk gS]
tgka rS;kj 'khry is; feJ.k dks 800 cksrycan çfr feuV
esa Mkyk tkrk gSA

blds lkFk gh ,d Lopkfyr ç.kkyh ds ek/;e ls lHkh cksry

dks eqdqV e'khu dh enn ls rkt iguk;k tkrk gSA cktkj
dh cksryksa dks tkus ds fy, rS;kj fd;k tkrk gS] fQj
vkØked fujh{k.k ls xqtkjk tkrk gS vkSj Lopkfyr dsl iSdj
e'khu dh enn ls dSjsV ¼1 dSjsV esa 24 cksrysa½
,d= dh tkrh gSaA

mlds ckn 'khry is; ;qä ikyrw tkuojksa dks xksnkeksa

esa Hkstk tkrk gS vkSj rqjar ljdkj dks mRikn 'kqYd dk
Hkqxrku fd;k tkrk gSA xksnkeksa esa j[kh cksry ds
fy, chek fd;k tkrk gS vkSj mRiknu ykbu dk vafre pj.k
mls Hkstuk gksrk gSA forj.k ç.kkyh ds ,d usVodZ ds
ek/;e ls mRikn cktkj esa igqaprk gSA

daiuh çksQkby

isfIldks lcls cM+h daifu;ksa esa ls ,d gS tks fd Hkkstu] is;

vkSj LuSd m|ksxksa esa yxh gqbZ gSA mudk irk 700
,aMjlu fgy jksM] [kjhn] N-Y- 10577 gSA mudk Qksu uacj
914&253&2000 gS vkSj mudk QSDl uacj 914&253&2070
gSA mudk LV‚d çrhd PEP gS vkSj os NYSE esa lwphc)
gSaA daiuh dk URL www-pepsico-com gSA

Hkkjr esa ;kstuk

fctusl lkjka'k% isfIldks] bad LuSd QwM] l‚¶V fMªad] twl vkSj
QkLV QwM ÝSapkbth O;olk;ksa esa yxh gqbZ gSA daiuh]
viuh lgk;d daifu;ksa ds ek/;e ls] la;qä jkT; vesfjdk vkSj
varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij fofHkUu LuSDl csprh gS vkSj forfjr djrh gS]
la;qä jkT; vesfjdk vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; cktkjksa esa ÝsapkbTM
c‚VylZ dks fcØh ds fy, isIlh] ekmaVsu Mîw vkSj vU;
czkaMksa dk ladsaæ.k djrh gS vkSj mRiknu] cktkj] fcØh
djrh gSA la;qä jkT; vesfjdk vkSj varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij dbZ
Vª‚fidkuk VªsMekdZ ds rgr jl forfjr djrk gSA isfIldks dk
?kjsyw LuSd QwM O;olk; fÝVks&ys u‚FkZ vesfjdk }kjk
lapkfyr fd;k tkrk gS] vkSj bldk varjkZ"Vªh; LuSd QwM fctusl
fÝVks&ys baVjus'kuy ds ek/;e ls lapkfyr fd;k tkrk gSA

daiuh dk l‚¶V fMªad O;olk; isIlh&dksyk daiuh ds :i esa

lapkfyr gksrk gS vkSj blesa nks O;kolkf;d bdkb;ka]
isIlh&dksyk mÙkjh vesfjdk ¼PCNA½ vkSj isIlh&dksyk
baVjus'kuy ¼PCI½ 'kkfey gSaA fnlacj 2000 esa] daiuh us
,d le>kSrs dh ?kks"k.kk dh ftlds rgr isIlhdks dh ,d lgk;d
daiuh n Dosdj vksV~l daiuh ds lkFk foy; gks tk,xh] vkSj
Dosdj isIlhdks dh iw.kZ LokfeRo okyh lgk;d daiuh cu
tk,xhA Dosdj [kk| vkSj is; inkFkksaZ dk ,d cM+k fo'oO;kih
cktkj gSA ;g xeZ vukt] iSudsd flji] vukt&vk/kkfjr LuSDl]
d‚uZehy] gksfeuh fxzV~l vkSj ewY; of/kZr pkoy mRiknksa
ds lkFk] xsVksjsM I;kl cq>kus okys dk fuekZ.k vkSj foi.ku
djrk gSA

çLrkfor foy; dqN lekiu 'krksaZ ds v/khu gS] ftlesa nksuksa

daifu;ksa ds 'ks;j/kkjdksa }kjk vuqeksnu vkSj fu;ked
vuqeksnu 'kkfey gSA ysunsu ds 2001 dh igyh Nekgh esa
can gksus dh mEehn gSA isIlhdks fiTtk gV] ds,Qlh vkSj
VSdks csy lfgr dbZ [kk| Ýsapkbth lapkfyr djrk gSA

isfIldks dk ,d laf{kIr bfrgkl

1898 esa dSjksfyukl esa tUes] isIlh&dksyk dk ,d yack vkSj

le`) bfrgkl gSA fMªad usy cuZ] u‚FkZ dSjksfyuk ds
QkekZflLV vkSj Mªx LVksj ds ekfyd dkysc czSMe ¼ck,a½
dk vkfo"dkj gSA

1898 dh xfeZ;ksa] ges'kk dh rjg] U;w cuZ] mÙkjh dSjksfyuk

esa xeZ vkSj ue FkhA blfy, dkysc czSMe uked ,d ;qok
QkekZflLV us vius xzkgdksa dh lsok djus ds fy, elkys] jl
vkSj flji ds la;kstu ds lkFk ,d u;k is; cukus dh dksf'k'k 'kq:
dhA og lHkh vis{kkvksa ls ijs lQy gqvk D;ksafd mlus nqfu;k
Hkj esa isIlh&dksyk ds :i esa Kkr is; dk vkfo"dkj fd;k FkkA

dkysc czSMe dks irk Fkk fd yksxksa dks viuh QkesZlh esa
ykSVus ds fy,] mls ,d lHkk LFky esa cnyuk gksxkA
mUgksaus vius Lo;a ds fo'ks"k is;] ,d 'khry is; dk fuekZ.k
djds ,slk fd;kA mudh jpuk] dksyk uV ,DlVªSDV] osfuyk vkSj
js;jksby dk ,d vuwBk feJ.k] bruk yksdfç; gks x;k fd muds
xzkgdksa us bls ^^czSM fMªad^^ uke fn;kA dkysc us bldk
uke cnydj ^^isIlh&dksyk^^ j[kus dk QSlyk fd;k vkSj vius u,
'khry is; dk foKkiu fd;kA yksxksa us tokc fn;k] vkSj
isIlh&dksyk dh fcØh c<+us yxh] mUgksaus mls vk'oLr fd;k
fd mls u, is; dk foi.ku djus ds fy, ,d daiuh cukuh pkfg,A

1902 esa] mUgksaus viuh QkesZlh ds ihNs ds dejs esa

isIlh&dksyk daiuh y‚Up dh] vkSj VªsMekdZ ds fy, vesfjdh
isVsaV dk;kZy; esa vkosnu fd;kA lcls igys] mUgksaus [kqn
dks flji feyk;k vkSj lksMk QOokjs ds ek/;e ls bls fo'ks"k :i ls
cspkA ysfdu tYn gh dkysc us ekuk fd isIlh dks cksry esa
Mkyus dk ,d cM+k volj ekStwn Fkk rkfd yksx bls dgha Hkh
ih ldsaA

O;olk; c<+us yxk vkSj 16 twu] 1903 dks] ^^isIlh&dksyk^^

dks vkf/kdkfjd rkSj ij vesfjdh isVsaV dk;kZy; ds lkFk iath—r
fd;k x;kA ml o"kZ] Caleb us Fkhe ykbu ^^EÛhilarating]
Invigorating] Aids Digestion^^ dk mi;ksx djrs gq,] 7]968
xSyu lhji cspsA mUgksaus Lora= fuos'kdksa dks isIlh dh
cksry nsus ds fy, Ýsapkbth çnku djuk 'kq: fd;k] ftudh la[;k
1905 esa flQZ nks ls c<+h] pkyksZV vkSj Mjge] mÙkjh
dsjksfyuk ds 'kgjksa esa] vxys o"kZ 15 rd vkSj 1907 rd 40A
1910 ds var rd] ogk¡ 24 jkT;ksa esa isIlh&dksyk Ýsapkbth
FkhaA isIlh&dksyk dh igyh c‚Vfyax ykbu cSd :e ds dqN
de&ifj"—r bathfu;fjax ls gqbZ Fkh
dkysc dh QkesZlhA fodkl vHkwriwoZ Fkk] vkSj 1909 esa
dkysc us ,d eq[;ky; dks bruk 'kkunkj cuk;k fd U;w cuZ 'kgj
us ,d iksLVdkMZ ij fpf=r fd;kA çfl) jsflax dkj pkyd ckuhZ
vksYMQhYM us v[kckj ds foKkiuksa esa isIlh dks ^^,d
/kedkus okyk fMªad --- rktk] LQwfrZnk;d] ,d nkSM+ ls igys
,d cf<+;k czstj^^ ds :i esa leFkZu fd;kA fiNys o"kZ] isIlh
la;qä jkT; vesfjdk dh igyh daifu;ksa esa ls ,d Fkh] tks
?kksM+ksa }kjk rS;kj fd, x, ifjogu ls eksVj okguksa ij fLop
djus ds fy, Fkh] vkSj dkysc dh O;kolkf;d fo'ks"kKrk us O;kid
/;ku vkdf"kZr fd;kA ;gka rd fd mUgsa xouZj ds fy, laHkkfor
mEehnokj ds :i esa Hkh mYys[k fd;k x;k FkkA xzhUlcksjks
iSfVª;V esa 1913 ds laikndh; us mudh ^^mRlqd vkSj
ÅtkZoku O;kolkf;d le>nkjh^^ ds fy, mudh ç'kalk dhA

dsoy nks ikS/ks [kqys jgsA ;g ,d lQy dSaMh fuekZrk rd

ugha Fkk] pkyZ~l thA xqFk] bl –'; ij fn[kkbZ fn, fd
isIlh&dksyk ds Hkfo"; dk vk'oklu fn;k x;k FkkA xqFk y‚¶V
'kkfey] dSaMh LVksj vkSj lksMk QOokjs dh ,d cM+h
J`a[kyk ds v/;{k FksA mUgksaus isIlh&dksyk dks
dksdk&dksyk daiuh ds lkFk ,d vlarks"ktud O;kikj laca/kksa
dks can djus ds volj ds :i esa ns[kk] vkSj lkFk gh lkFk y‚¶V
ds lksMk QOokjs ds fy, ,d vkd"kZd Mªkbax dkMZ tksM+us
ds fy,A og lgh FkkA ikap ekfydksa vkSj 15 ykHkghu
o"kksaZ ds ckn] isIlh&dksyk ,d ckj fQj ,d laiUu jk"Vªh;
czkaM FkkA

v/;k;&3
lhek;sa

iwoZorhZ czkaM

isfIldks bl dkjksckj esa jgus rd ;kfu fd 1997 rd dbZ jsLrjka

Ja[kyk dk ekfyd Fkk] blds ckn mlus dqN dks csp fn;k vkSj
dqN dks feyk dj u;h daiuh VªkbZdkSu Xykscy jsLrjka cuk;k
tks vc tkuk tkrk gS u, uke ls] ;e!czkaM] vkbZ,ulh- isfIldks
igys Hkh dbZ vU; czkaMksa dk ekfyd Fkk ftUgsa blus ckn
esa csap fn;kA

dSfyQksfuZ;k fiTtk fdpsu ¼1992 esa [kjhn dj] 1997 esa

ewy laLFkkidksa dks okil csap fn;k½

'ksfol Ýs'k esDl ¼vxLr 1993 esa [kjhn dj ebZ 1997 esa ts-
MCyw- pkbZYM ,fDoVh ikVZulZ dks csapk½
Mh ^,atsyks lSaMfop dh nqdkusa ¼1997 esa ikik fxuks
dks csapk½

bZLV lkbM ekfj;kst ¼la;qä jkT; vesfjdk Ýsapkbth & fnlacj

1993 esa [kjhnk] 1997 ds çkjaHk esa csap fn;k½A

g‚V ,u ukm ¼1990 esa [kjhnk] 1997 esa csapk½

tkSyhch ¼1994 esa [kjhnk] 1997 esa csapk½

ds,Qlh ¼KFC½ ¼vDVwcj 1997 esa vkjtsvkj ¼RJR½

ukfcLdks ls [kjhnk vkSj vDVwcj 1997 esa VªkbZd‚u] ckn
esa ;e!czkaM~l ds lkFk feyk fn;k x;kA½

mÙkj vesfjdh oku ykbal

fiTtk ¼gV½ 1977 esa [kjhnk x;k Fkk] vDVwcj 1997 esa
VªkbZd‚u ds lkFk feyk fn;k x;k ckn esa ;g ;e!czkaM~l ds
uke ls tkuk x;kA

LrksfyPuk;k

VSdks csy 1978 esa [kjhnk Fkk] vDVwcj 1997 esa

VªkbZd‚u ds lkFk feyk fn;k tks vc u, uke ;e!czkaM~l ls tkuk
tkrk gSA

foYlu LiksVZ lkexzh

fofo/krk

,ythchVh& ,MoksdsV }kjk tkjh—r d‚iksZjsV lekurk lwpdkad

esa isfIldks dks 2004 ls vkjEHk lewg ekuo vf/kdkj vfHk;ku
ds rgr] rhljs lky ds fjiksVZ esa iwjs 100 çfr'kr dh jsfVax
feyh[8]-

fo—r Nfo

1993 dh xfeZ;ksa ds nkSjku] isfIldks us dfFkr mRikn

NsM+NkM+ ds /kks[kk/kM+h ls lEcaf/kr vkjksi dks cgqr
lgtrk ls Li"V fd;kA ;g nkok fd;k x;k fd Mk;V isIlh ds dSu esa
lhfjat feyh gS& igys fl,Vy esa fQj vxys dqN fnuksa esa iwjs
vesfjdk esa ,slh vQokg QSyh- dbZ /kks[ksckt nkosnkjksa
dh fxj¶rkjh ds lkFk v/kksRod lqbZ;ka feyus dh [kcj can gks
x;hA 15 twu 1993 rd miHkksäkvksa us vius Mk;V isIlh esa
xksyh] fiu vkSj isap ikus dh lwpuk nhA isfIldks us çsl foKfIr
,oa oh,uvkj }kjk lrdZ 'kCnksa ds ek/;e ls bu vQokgksa dk
[kaMu dj fLFkfr ls fuiVkjk fd;k] ;g mngkj.k vDlj ikBîiqLrd esa
m)`r fd;k tkrk gS fd fdl çdkj >wBh vQokgksa dks laHkkyk
tkuk pkfg,

vkykspuk,a
Question book&new-svg

bl ys[k esa lR;kiu gsrq vfrfjä lanHkZ vFkok lzksrksa dh

vko';drk gSA

—i;k fo'oluh; lzksr tksM+dj bl ys[k esa lq/kkj djsaA lzksrghu

lkexzh dks pqukSrh nh tk ldrh gS vkSj gVk;k Hkh tk ldrk
gSA ¼October 2009½

Hkkjr esa isfIldks

1988 esa Hkkjr esa çfo"V gksus ds fy, isfIldks us iatkc ljdkj
ds v/khu iatkc —f"k vkS|ksfxd fuxe ¼PAIC½ vkSj oksYVkl
fyfeVsM ds lkFk la;qä m|e fd;kA bl la;qä m|e ds rgr 1991 rd
cktkj esa ygj isIlh dk foi.ku ,oa fcØh lrr pyrk jgk] bl le;
fons'kh czkaM ds mi;ksx dh vuqefr Fkh; isfIldks us 1994
esa vius lk>snkjksa dks [kjhn dj bl la;qä m|e dk var dj fn;kA
[10] nwljksa dk ;g nkok gS fd igys 1970 esa isIlh ij Hkkjr
esa vk;kr ij çfrca/k yxk fn;k x;k Fkk D;ksafd blus viuh
lkexzh dh lwph tkjh djus ls budkj dj fn;k Fkk] 1993 esa ;g
çfrcU/k gVk fy;k x;k vkSj 'kh?kz gh isIlh cktkj esa vk x;kA
bu fooknksa ls ;g Lej.k gksrk gS fd ^^bu fo'kky cgqjk"Vªh;
daifu;ksa ds lkFk Hkkjr ds laca/k dHkh mxz jgs FksA^^
cs'kd dqN yksx ;g rdZ çLrqr djrs gSa fd isIlh vkSj dksdk
dksyk daiuh^^ bl fgLls esa eq[; y{; jgsa gSa D;ksafd okLro
esa ;g çfl) fons'kh dEifu;ka gSa tks viuh rjQ /;ku vkdf"kZr
djrh gSa^^[11]-

2003 esa i;kZoj.k vkSj foKku dsUæ ubZ fnYyh fLFkr ,d xSj
ljdkjh laxBu us [kqyklk fd;k fd Hkkjr esa isfIldks vkSj dksdk
dksyk tSlh cgqjk"Vªh; dEiuh }kjk mRikfnr okfrr ikuh esa
tgjhys rÙo tSls fyaMsu] MhMhVh] esykfFk;ku vkSj
DyksfiZ~;zQksl ekStwn gSa & ;g dhVuk'kd dSalj] çfrj{kk
ç.kkyh dk ºzkl vkSj tUe ds le; fo—fr iSnk dj ldrs gSaA
ijhf{kr mRiknksa esa dksd] isIlh] 7 vi] fefjaMk] QSaVk] FkEl
vi] fyEdk vkSj LçkbZV 'kkfey FksA lh,lbZ ¼CSE½ us ik;k fd
Hkkjrh; mRikfnr isIlh 'khry is; mRiknksa esa ;wjksih; la?k
ds fu;e ds fo#) 36 xquk vf/kd dhVuk'kd vo'ks"k vkSj dksdk
dksyk esa 30 xquk vf/kd vo'ks"k ik, x,A[12] lh,lbZ ¼CSE½
us dgk fd blus vesfjdk esa bUgha mRikn dk ijh{k.k fd;k Fkk
vkSj ,slk dksbZ vo'ks"k ugha feyk FkkA cgjgky] ;g ekud
;wjksih; ikuh ds fy, Fkk u fd vU; is;ksa ds fy,A Hkkjr esa
dksbZ dkuwu ugha gS tks is; esa dhVuk'kdksa dh
ekStwnxh ij çfrcU/k yxkrk gksA

dksdk dksyk daiuh vkSj isfIldks us bl vkjksi dk 'kfä'kkyh

<ax ls [kaMu fd;k fd Hkkjr esa fufeZr muds mRiknksa esa
tgjhys rÙo dk Lrj fodflr ns'kksa ds ekunaM ls vf/kd gSA
lh,lbZ ds fu"d"kksaZ ds vk/kkj ij ,d Hkkjrh; lalnh; lfefr vkSj
ljdkj dh vksj ls fu;qä lfefr dk 2004 esa xBu gqvk tks tks
'khry is; esa dhVuk'kdksa ds fy, fo'o ds igys ekudksa dk
fodkl djus dk ç;kl dj jgh gSA dksd vkSj isIlh us bl dne dk
fojks/k djrs gq, dgk fd] ç;ksx'kkyk ijh{k.k tfVy is;ksa esa
dhVuk'kdksa ds lw{e va'k
dk irk yxkus esa fo'oluh;
ugha gSaA

2005 rd] dksdk dksyk daiuh vkSj isfIldks dk Hkkjrh; cktkj

esa 'khry is; dh 95% dk fgLlsnkjh Fkh[13]- dsjy ds iyDdM+
ftys dh iqBqLlsjh iapk;r us isfIldks ij ;g vkjksi yxk;k gS fd
isfIldks ikuh dh pksjh esa layXu gS D;ksafd tc ;g Hkwry ty
lalk/kuksa dk nksgu djrk gS rks ifj.kkeLo:i iapk;r ds
fuokfl;ksa ds fy, ikuh dh deh gksrh gS vr,o iapk;r bl xkao
esa isfIldks dh bdkbZ dks can djus djus ds fy, ljdkj ij ncko
Mky jgh gSA[14]

2006 esa] lh,lbZ us fQj ls ik;k fd isIlh vkSj dksdk dksyk

nksuksa ds lksMk is; esa dhVuk'kdksa dh ek=k ds mPp Lrj
ij FkhA isfIldks vkSj dksdk dksyk daiuh nksuksa dk dguk
gS fd muds is; ihus ds fy, lqjf{kr gSa vkSj mUgksaus lekpkj
i=ksa esa foKkiu çdkf'kr fd;s fd muds mRiknksa esa
dhVuk'kd dh ek=k nwljs mRikn tSls pk;] Qy vkSj nqX/k
mRikn ls de gSA[15] Hkkjrh; jkT; dsjy esa jkT; ljdkj us
2006[16] esa isIlh dksyk vkSj nwljs 'khry is; ds mRiknu
vkSj fcØh ij çfrcU/k yxk fn;k Fkk ij egt ,d eghus ckn gh dsjy
mPp U;k;ky; us bldks cny fn;kA [17] ikap vU; Hkkjrh;
jkT;ksa us d‚ystksa] Ldwyksa vkSj vLirkyksa esa bl is; ij
vkaf'kd rkSj ij çfrcU/k yxk;k x;k gSA[18]

Hkkjr esa 'khry is; cktkj

l‚¶V fMªaDl cktkj ds fodkl ds ekeys esa Hkkjr 'kh"kZ ikap

cktkjksa esa ls ,d gSA 2003 esa ns'k esa 'khry is; dh çfr
O;fä] çfro"kZ [kir yxHkx 6 cksry gksus dk vuqeku gSA
vesfjdk ds eqdkcys ;g vkadMk cgqr de gS ¼600+ cksry
çfro"kZ½A ysfdu rsth ls c<+rs cktkjksa esa ls ,d vkSj fo'kq)
ifjek.k esa Hkkjr 'khry is; ds fy, ,d vk'kktud cktkj gSA
'ks"k fo'o dh gh rjg Hkkjr esa 'khry is; cktkj esa çeq[k
f[kykM+h isfIldks vkSj dksdk dksyk daiuh gSaA dksdk
dksyk us tc nwljh ckj Hkkjrh; cktkj esa ços'k fd;k rks mlus
dbZ LFkkuh; czkaM gkfly fd;s tSls fyEdk] xksYM Li‚V vkSj
FkEl vi- isIlh ds 'khry is; iksVZQksfy;ks esa isIlh ds lkFk
fejkaMk vkSj 7vi Hkh 'kkfey gSaA cktkj esa çR;sd daiuh dh
fgLlsnkjh yxHkx cjkcj gh gS] ;|fi vyx&vyx lzksrksa }kjk m)`r
vuqeku esa fHkUurk gSA[19]

,d 'khry is; esa çeq[k ?kVd ikuh gSA ;g 'khry is; lkexzh dk
djhc 90% ?kVd gSA bl ds lkFk blesa feBkl] dkcZu
Mkbv‚DlkbM] lkbfVªd ,flM/esfyd ,flM] jax] laj{kd] ,aVh
v‚DlhMsaV~l vkSj vU; ik;lhdkjh rÙo vkfn gksrs gSaA[19]
 v/;k;&4
“kks/k&izfof/k

Hkkjr esa [kir dk Lo#i

Js.kh 1] 2 vkSj 3 Hkkjrh; 'kgjksa esa] Hkkjrh;

miHkksäkvksa ds 29% dk dguk gS fd og dkcksZusVsM
'khry is; iwjs fnu esa fdlh [k़kl le; ij ysrs gSa tks ;g bafxr
djrk gS fd 'khry is; ihuk muds thou dk fgLlk cu x;k gS]
vf/kdka'k [kir nksigj ls ysdj 'kke ds nkSjku gksrh gSA vk'p;Z
ugha fd çFke Js.kh ds 'kgjksa tSls eqacbZ] fnYyh]
dksydkrk] psUubZ] gSnjkckn vkSj caxykSj esa lokZf/kd [kir
gSA ;g ns[kk x;k gS fd c<+rs ?kjsyw vk; ds lkFk [kir dk Lrj
Hkh c<+rk gS ¼vf/kdre vk; Lrj viokn gS½ gkykafd mez
c<+us ij [kir esa deh vkrh gSA

bl section esa ewy 'kks/k ;k vçekf.kr nkos gks ldrs gSaA —

i;k lanHkZ tksM+ dj ys[k dks lq/kkjus esa enn djsaA

vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy, laokn i`"B ns[ksaA ¼September 2009½

Hkkjrh; l‚¶V fMªaDl cktkj fdlh Hkh fofu;eu ds v/khu ugha

gSA 'khry is; [kk| vifeJ.k fuokj.k vf/kfu;e 1954 esa 'kkfey
ugha gSA vxLr 2003 ls iwoZ fdlh Hkh chvkbZ,l ekud esa
'khry is;ksa esa ik, tkus okys dhVuk'kdksa ds vo'ks"kksa
ds Lrj ds fy, fn'kk ;k funsZ'k vFkok ekinaM r; fd;k x;k FkkA
ysfdu vyx vyx ,tsafl;ksa us dhVuk'kdksa ds vo'ks"kksa ds
Lrj ds fy, ekud fu/kkZfjr fd;k gSA ;wjksih; vkfFkZd leqnk;
¼EEC½ us ihus ds ikuh vkSj lacaf/kr mRiknksa esa
fofHkUu dhVuk'kdksa dh vf/kdre Lohdk;Z lhek 0-1 Hkkx çfr
fcfy;u fu/kkZfjr dh gS ftlls ;g euq"; ds ihus ds fy, lqjf{kr gksA
dqN ,d dhVuk'kd tSls ,fYMªu ¼Aldrin½] Mk,yMhu
¼dieldin½ vkSj gsIVkDyksj ,iksDlbZM ¼heptachlor
epoÛide½ ds fy, vf/kdre Lohdk;Z lhek vkSj Hkh dBksj] 0-
03 Hkkx çfr fcfy;u fu/kkZfjr dh x;h gSA[19]

cekZ esa isfIldks

1991 ls 1997 rd] isfIldks cekZ esa O;kikj djus ds okys

daifu;ksa esa mYys[kuh; FkhA isfIldks dk O;kikj Hkkxhnkj
Fksbu rqu] lÙkk:<+ cehZ lSfud tqaVk dk fo[;kr O;kikj
Hkkxhnkj Fkk ml ij vkjksi yxk;k x;k Fkk fd og fo'o ds lcls
cqjs ekuo vf/kdkj mYya?ku ds fy, ftEesnkj FkkA

isfIldks dh Hkkxhnkjh us bfrgkl ds lcls cM+s cekZ fo#)

cfg"dkj dks çksRlkfgr fd;kA mlh le; py jgs VsDldks vkSj
muksdy ds fo#) vfHk;ku esa ;g cjkcj ij Fkk vkSj vHkh ;g
VksVy vk;y ds fo#) gSA

uoEcj 1991 esa isfIldks us ml le; dh jkt/kkuh jaxwu esa

c‚Vfyax fd vkax lku lw dh vkSj us'kuy yhx us daifu;ksa ls
vkºoku fd;k Fkk fd og cekZ esa yksdra= dk;e gksus ds igys
O;kikj 'kq: u djsaA isIlh ds f[kykQ vfHk;ku ,f'k;kbZ vk/kkfjr
,D'ku Q‚j cekZ vf/kdkj vkanksyu }kjk 'kq: fd;k x;k FkkA vkxs
py dj if'pe esa vfHk;ku us 'kfä çkIr dh tc ekuo vf/kdkj
xqVksa us cekZ esa daifu;ksa ds f[kykQ vfHk;ku ij /;ku
dsfUær fd;k ftlesa fo'kky rsy dEifu;ka VsDlkdks] muksdy]
veksdks vkSj isVªks dukMk 'kkfey FksA[21]

tc isVªks dukMk us cekZ NksM+ fn;k rc dukMk vkSj

vesfjdk fLFkr cehZ yksdra= lewgksa us viuk /;ku isfIldks ij
vkSj iSuk fd;kA 1996 esa tc Lora= cekZ xBca/ku us vkxs
c<+ dj ,d cM+s iSekus ij isfIldks dks vesfjdh fo'ofo|ky;ksa ls
ckgj fudyus ij etcwj fd;k rc vfHk;ku dks c<+kok feykA bl esa
gkoZMZ ls ,d cgq&fefy;u M‚yj ds le>kSrs dk var 'kkfey
FkkA

;g vfHk;ku QSy dj ;wjksi Hkh igqapk tgka fczVsu fLFkr

laxBu FkMZ oyZ~M QlZ~V us cfg"dkj dks viuk;k- bldh
çfrfØ;k esa] 1996 esa] isfIldks us lq[kZf़;ksa ls ckgj vkus
ds fy, cehZ la;qä m|e dh fgLlsnkjh vius cehZ lka>snkjh dks
csp fn;k ij ogka dk ÝSapkbt le>kSrk vius ikl j[kkA vkax lku
lw ph us dgk] ^tgka rd gekjk laca/k gS] isfIldks us cekZ dks
fuos'k ls oafpr ugha fd;k gS^^ vkSj ekuo vf/kdkj rFkk
i;kZoj.k lewgksa us nksuksa isIlh ij ncko tkjh j[kkA vkf[kjdkj]
cehZ lÙkk ds fgald yksdra= fojks/kh jSfy;ksa vkSj iwjs fo'o
ds c<+rs ncko ls isfIldks us tuojh 1997 esa ?kks"k.kk dh fd
og cekZ ds lkFk lkjs laca/kksa esa dVkSrh djsxkA gkykafd]
vkt rd] isfIldks us Lohdkj ugha fd;k fd og cekZ esa fuos'k
ds fy, uSfrd :i ls xyr Fkk tSlk dqN vU; daifu;ksa }kjk ns'k
NksM+us le; Lohdkj fd;k FkkA

bljkby esa isfIldks

1991 rd isfIldks bljkby esa ugha cspk tkrk Fkk blds fy,
vesfjdk esa mldh dkQh vkykspuk gqbZ] ,slk ekuk tk jgk
Fkk fd bl rjg ls isfIldks bljkby ds vjc cfg"dkj dk leFkZu dj jgk
FkkA isfIldks us bl vkjksi ls budkj djrs gq, ges'kk dgk fd
bljkby ÝSapkbt dk leFkZu djus ds fy, ,d cgqr NksVk ns'k
gSA ifj.kke Lo#i] btjk;y cktkj ij isfIldks ds çfr}anh dksyk
dksyk us dCtk dj fy;k vkSj orZeku le; rd isIlh ds ikl cktkj esa
cgqr de Hkkxhnkjh gSA

isIlh ckSVylZ

fp=%Pepsi Beverages Company-png

isIlh csojstsl daiuh yksxks-

4 vxLr 2009 dks] isfIldks us ?kks"k.kk dh fd og vius nks lcls

cM+s ckSV~ylZ n isIlh ckSfV~yax xzqi vkbZ,ulh vkSj isIlh
vesfjdkl vkbZ,ulh tks nksuksa gh 1990 ds n'kd esa can dj
fn, x, Fks] ds lkFk ,d vafre foy; le>kSrs ij igqap x;k gSA
ysunsu dh dqy ykxr 7-8 fcfy;u M‚yj gksus dk vuqeku yxk;k
x;k gSA[24]

17 Qjojh 2010 esa nksuksa c‚Vfyax daifu;ksa ds

'ks;j/kkjdksa us bl foy; dk vuqeksnu fd;k vkSj 26 Qjojh dks
isfIldks u‚FkZ vesfjdsu csosjst ;wfuV ds iw.kZ LokfeRo
okyk fMohtu isIlh csosjst dEiuh ¼ihchlh½ vfLrRo esa
vk;kA bl foy; esa M‚Œ isij LuSiy xzqi ds lkFk ,d u, le>kSrs
esa ;g Hkh 'kkfey Fkk fd cgqr gh tYn ihchlh M‚ isIij] 'oki
vkSj Ø'k czkaMksa ds c‚Vfyax vkSj forj.k dk vf/kxzg.k dj
ysxk tgka igys ;g dk;Z ihchth vkSj ih,,l }kjk 20 o"khZ;k
ykblsal le>kSrs ds rgr forfjr gksrk Fkk ¼ihchlh ds
iwoZofrZ;ksa }kjk Qjojh 2009 ls Ø'k dk forj.k vkSj c‚Vfyax
fd;k tk jgk Fkk½A orZeku esa ;g vKkr gS fd ihchlh vius
bykds ds ckdh fgLlksa esa M‚Œisij vkSj 'oi dk forj.k Hkh
djsxk ;k ugha ¼D;ksafd f'kdkxks cktkj ds :i esa mu cktkjksa
esa Mhih,l ds LokfeRo okys ckSV~yklZ gSa tks mu
{ks=ksa esa lsok çnku dj jgsa gSa½A blds vfrfjä] vesfjdk
ds og {ks= tgka ihchlh vkSj Mhih,l }kjk dk;Z fd;k tk jgk gS
ogka dk c‚Vfyax vf/kdkj dqN nwljs Mhih,l LokfeRo czkaM
tSls osuZj vkSj gokbZu iap dks gLrkarfjr fd;k tk,xk-
nksuksa iwoZ ckVylZ dk varjjk"Vªh; ifjpkyu iwjh rjg ls
isfIldks baVjus'kuy bdkbZ dks gLrkarfjr fd;k x;k gSA

vesfjdh QwM vkSj csojst daiuh isfIldks dh lhbZvks bafnjk

uwbZ viuk in NksM+us tk jgh gSa- djhc 12 lky rd isfIldks dh
c‚l jgus ds ckn os 3 vDVwcj dks in NksM+ nsaxh-

isIlfdks us bldh ?kks"k.kk dh gS- uwbZ ds ckn 54 lky ds

jeksu yxqvrkZ isfIldks ds NBs lhbZvks cusaxs-
62 lky dh uwbZ us isfIldks ds lkFk 24 lky rd dke fd;k gS-
lhbZvks in NksM+us ds ckotwn lky 2019 dh 'kq#vkr rd og
daiuh ds ps;jeSu ds in ij cuh jgsaxh-

bls Hkh i<+sa% Qsd U;wt dks ysdj ljdkj l[r] dbZ lks --

çkjafHkd thou

uwbZ eækl] rfeyukMq] Hkkjr ¼orZeku esa psUubZ½ esa

iSnk gqbZ FkhA mudh çkjafHkd f'k{kk gksyh ,fUtYl ,aXyks
bafM;u gk;j lsdsaMjh Ldwy eækl esu gqbZA rRi'pkr
mUgksus 1974 esa eækl fØf'p;u d‚yst ls HkkSfrdh] jlk;u
foKku vkSj xf.kr esa Lukrd dh fMxzh çkIr dh vkSj Hkkjrh;
çca/k laLFkku] dksydkrk ls 1976 esa çca/ku esa
LukÙdksÙkj fd;kA Hkkjr esa iyh&c<+h uwbZ us cpiu esa
vusdksa dfBukb;ka >syrs gq, Hkkjrh; çca/k laLFkku]
dksydkrk ls ekLVj fMxzh dhaA blds ckn vesfjdk fLFkr ;sy
;wfuoflZVh ls ifCyd vkSj çkbosV eSustesaV dk v/;;u fd;kA
bl nkSjku mUgsa vesfjdk ls dqN [kkl yxko gks x;k vkSj
mUgksaus ;sy ;wfuoflZVh ls xzstq,'ku djus ds ckn cksLVu
dalYVs'ku QkeZ Tokbu dj fy;k vkSj VsDlVkby o daT;wej
xqM~l baMLVªh esa eqofDdyksa dh lsok djus yxhaA
O;fäxr thou

bafnjk ds firk cSad esa dk;Zjr Fks vkSj ekrk th gkmlokbQ

FkhA ;s nks cgus Fkha& pfUædk vkSj bafnjkA nksuksa gh
cgus cpiu ls i<+us esa cgqr gksf'k;kj FkhaA

budh 'kknh jkt dqekj uwbZ ls gqbZA mudh nks csfV;k¡ gS]
tks xzhufop dusfDVdV esa jgrh gSaA mudh csfV;ksa esa
ls ,d orZeku esa ;sy esa çca/ku Ldwy esa i<+ jgh
gSaAmudh cM+h cgu pafædk —".kewfrZ VaMu ,d çfl)
xkf;dk vkSj fctusl oqeu gSA

dfj;j

o"kZ 1986&90 ds chp mUgksaus eksVksjksyk daiuh esa

d‚jiksjsV LVªSVth ds mik/;{k ds :i esa dk;Z fd;k vkSj daiuh
ds v‚VkseksfVo vkSj baMfLVª;y bysDVª‚fuDl ds fodkl dk
ekxZn'kZu fd;kA uwbZ isfIldks dh nh/kZdkfyd xzksFk
LVªSVth dh f'kYidkj ekuh tkrh gSaA uwbZ 1994 esa
isfIldks esa 'kkfey gqbZ vkSj 2001 esa v/;{k vkSj eq[;
dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh cuhaA mUgksus ,d n'kd ls vf/kd le; rd
daiuh dh oSf'od j.kuhfr dk funsZ'ku vkSj isIlhdks ds
iquxZBu dk usr`Ro fd;k gSA

o"kZ 2011 ls uwbZ ,d daiuh pyk jgh gSa vkSj 200 ls vf/kd
ns'kksa esa blds miHkksäk gSaA fQygky uwbZ dbZ
cksMksaZ dh lnL; Hkh gSa ftlesa ;w,l&phu fctusl dkmafly]
;w,l&bafM;k fctusl dkmafly] daT;wej xqM~l Qksje vkfn
'kkfey gSAHkkjrh; ewy dh os blls igys isfIldks dh eq[;
foÙkh; lykgdkj FkhaA

uw;h 2006 esa isfIldks dh lhbZvks cuk;ha x;h FkhaA 12

o"kksaZ rd bl in dk lQyrk iwoZd fuokZg djus ds ckn vDVwcj
2018 esa og fjVk;jesaV ysaxhA

vkenuh

2008 esa isIlhdks dh CEO ds :i esa] baæk uwbZ us

$1]49]17]701 dk dqy vkenuh vftZr fd;k] ftlesa $13]00]000
dk ewy osru] $26]00]000 udn cksul] $64]28]538 ds 'ks;j
vkSj $43]82]569 ds fodYi 'kkfey gSaA

2009 QkscZ~l losZ{k.k ds vuqlkj bafnjk uwbZ dks nqfu;k

esa rhljh lcls rkdroj efgyk dk uke fn;k x;k gSA

miyfC/k

os vejhdk dh nwljh lcls cM+h daiuh dh efgyk çeq[k gSaA

Q‚^;wZu us vesfjdk dh 'kfä'kkyh O;olk;h efgyk dh lwph vyx
ls fudkyh gSA blesa vkbZch,e dh fxuh jksesVh 'kh"kZ ij
vkSj isIlhdks dh lhbZvks bafnjk uqbZ nwljs LFkku ij gSaA
bafnjk Hkkjrh; ewy dh gSaA mUgsa QkscZ~l dh vksj tkjh
30 lcls çHkko'kkyh efgykvksa dh lwph esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k
gSA

2007 esa] mUgsa Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk m|ksx ,oa O;kikj ds {ks=
esa in~e Hkw"k.k ls lEekfur fd;k x;k FkkA 2008 esa] og dyk
vkSj foKku ds vesfjdu vdkneh dh QSyksf'ki ds fy, pquh xbZ
FkhA

tuojh 2008 esa] uwbZ dks ;w ,l&Hkkjr O;kikj ifj"kn esa

lHkk/;{k pquk x;k Fkk] ,d xSj ykHk odkyr O;kikj laxBu] tks
Hkkjr esa dkjksckj djus okyh nqfu;k dh 300 ls vf/kd lcls
cM+h daifu;ksa dk çfrfuf/kRo djrh gSA uwbZ USIBC ds
cksMZ funs'kdksa dk usr`Ro djrh gS] tks dh vesfjdh m|ksx
ds çfrfuf/kd va'k dk çfrfuf/kRo djrs 60 ls vf/kd ofj"B
vf/kdkfj;ksa dh ,d lHkk gSA

oSf'od vkiwfrZ J`a[kyk usrkvksa ds lewg }kjk bafnjk uqbZ

o"kZ 2009 ds eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh dk uke fn;k x;k gSA

o"kZ 2012 esa vesfjdk esa eanh ds nkSj ls fuiVus vkSj

vkfFkZd j.kuhfr r; djus ds fy, vesfjdh jk"Vªifr cjkd vksckek
us bafnjk uqbZ lfgr Hkkjrh; ewy ds nks vU; yksx dks ppkZ
ds fy, vkeaf=r fd;k FkkA

v/;;u dh lhek,a

;g loZfofnr rF; gS fd ck/kk vkSj lhek,a fdlh Hkh v/;;u esa

mifLFkr gksus ds fy, ck/; gSa] ;g Hkh dqN lhek,a gSa% &

• geus okjk.klh {ks= dks dsoy lhfer le; vof/k ds dkj.k ekukA

• blds dkj.k] uewuk dk vkdkj dsoy 100 gS] tks cgqr cM+k
ugha gSA

• lHkh mÙkjnkrk Hkk"kk dh leL;k] le; dh deh vkSj ldkjkRed

O;ogkj dh deh ds dkj.k viuh ç'ukoyh Lo;a ugha Hkj ldrs
FksA
• mÙkjnkrk vU; czkaMksa ds ckjs esa dqN tkudkjh dh deh
ds dkj.k i{kikrh tokc ns ldrk gSA

• v/;;u ds fu"d"kZ bl /kkj.kk ij vk/kkfjr gSa fd mÙkjnkrkvksa

us lgh tkudkjh nh gSA

eSa cgqr HkkX;'kkyh gwa fd eSaus isfIldks bafM;k

gksfYMax çkbosV esa viuh baVuZf'ki dh gSA foi.ku foHkkx
esa fyA baVuZf'ki ds nkSjku eq>s nksuksa vksj ls
ekxZn'kZu feyk] ;kuh vdknfed :i esa nhokj ds :i esa
d‚iksZjsVA le;&le; ij esjs xq# us cktkj esa esjs dke ls
lacaf/kr funsZ'k vkSj ekxZn'kZu fn;kA

lej baVuZf'ki dk ewy mís'; d‚jiksjsV ,Dlikstj Fkk] O;kogkfjd

fLFkfr dks laHkkyus ds rjhds lh[kuk vkSj d‚iksZjsV laL—fr
dks le>ukA

esjk iwjk baVuZf'ki isIlhdks mRiknksa vkSj fcØh ds çpkj ij

dsafær FkkA

ftlesa esjh ftEesnkjh Fkh ……A

Market 'khry is; ds cktkj dks le>us ds fy,A

And isIlh ds çR;{k vkSj vçR;{k çfr;ksfx;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k djus

ds fy,A
Of isIlh mRiknksa ¼ioZrh; vksl½ dh fcØh dks c<+kok nsus
ds fy,

Do epsaZMkbftax djuk ¼POG] Visi top] Mega promotion]

Display vkfn½

Out çhfe;e Dykl ds vkmVysV~l dk v‚fMV djukA

esjk lcls pqukSrhiw.kZ dke fjVsy vkmVysV~l dk esxk

çeks'ku Fkk vkSj esxk çeks'ku ds fy, esjk y{; 3 vkmVysV~l
FksA esxk çeks'ku ds fy, fjVsylZ dks le>kus ds dkj.k ;g
pqukSrhiw.kZ dke Fkk vkSj ,d esxk çeks'ku ds fy, ,d fjVsyj
dks RsA 50000&150000 vkSj blesa dksbZ 'kd ugha fd ;g ,d
cM+h ckr Fkh ysfdu eSaus viuk y{; gkfly dj fy;kA

lej Vªsfuax vka[k [kksyus okyh dh rjg FkhA nwljs 'kCnksa

esa baVuZf'ki okLrfod d‚iksZjsV nqfu;k dk ,d Vªsyj gSA
baVuZf'ki ds nkSjku eq>s irk pyk fd cktkj esa cus jgus ds
fy, le; dh ikcanh vkSj dM+h esgur dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
blds vykok] d‚yst esa] lS)kafrd vo/kkj.kk,a cgqr lkjs 'kCnksa
ds lkFk 'kCndks'k dh rjg Fkha] ysfdu xzh"edkyhu çf'k{k.k ds
ckn] 'kCnksa dk d‚iksZjsV thou esa
v/;k;&4
lhek;sa
O;kogkfjd mi;ksx gksrk gSA iqLrd esa fl)karksa ds vuqlkj
phtsa fcYdqy ugha dh xbZ gSa] m|ksx dh vko';drkvksa ds
vuqlkj dqN la'kks/ku fd, x, gSaA

esjh ifj;kstuk us eq>s xzkgd laca/kksa dh vo/kkj.kkvksa dk

lgh Kku fn;k vkSj isIlhdks ds dke ds ekgkSy dks le>us esa
enn dhA

eq[; ckr] tks eq>s viuh iwjh ifj;kstuk esa feyh] og bl çdkj
gS%

isfIldks dk ekdsZV 'ks;j dksd ls T;knk gS

isIlh daiuh dk forj.k pkSuy cgqr vPNk gSA

isIlh dh foKkiu uhfr csgrj gS vkSj daiuh dk epsaZMkbftax ij

vf/kd /;ku gSA

Men [kqnjk foØsrk lsYleSu ds O;ogkj ls vlarq"V gSa blfy, bl

{ks= esa lq/kkj dh vko';drk gSA

[kqnjk foØsrkvksa ds lkFk daiuh dk laca/k ØsfMV vk/kkfjr

gSA

Great daiuh fcØh dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, cgqr ç;kl djrh
gSA
Direct [kqnjk foØsrkvksa vkSj daiuh ds chp dksbZ lh/kk
laokn ugha gSA

Inc ekxZ çHkkjh gSa ysfdu vf/kd i;Zos{k.k dh vko';drk gSA

Aware fjVsylZ daiuh Ldhe vkSj mRikn fodkl ds ckjs esa

tkurs gSaA

çpkj ;kstukvksa dks [kqnjk foØsrkvksa ds chp bZekunkjh ls

forfjr ugha fd;k tkrk gSA

vuq'kalk,¡

1- [kqnjk foØsrkvksa dh leL;kvksa dk irk yxkus ds fy, ekfld

fujh{k.k fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

2- Ldhe [kqnjk foØsrkvksa dks eqgS;k djkbZ tkuh pkfg, u

fd iwjs foØsrkvksa dksA

3- lkeku fcØh ds vk/kkj ij çnku fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

4- ,tsalh dh rqyuk esa de dher ij iwjs foØsrkvksa dh fcØh

dh tk¡p djsaA

5- [kqnjk foØsrkvksa dks ykHk çnku djus esa ,tsalh vf/kd

bZekunkj gksuh pkfg,A
6- fcØh cy esa o`f) dh tkuh pkfg, rkfd os vf/kd dekbZ djus
ds fy, nqHkkZouk esa fyIr u gksaA

v/;k;&9

lanHkZ xzUFk lwph

1 MkW- tSu ih-lh- %& foi.ku “kks/k izcU/k ifCyds”ku

jes”k cqd fMiks t;iqjA
2 MkW- tSu ,l-lh- %& foi.ku ds fl)kar] ifCyds”ku lkfgR;
Hkou ifCyds”kuA
3 Jh dksBkjh lh-vkj- %& foi.ku ds “kks/k la”kksf/kr laLdj.k
ifCyds”ku & ;w ,t baVjus”kuy
çkbosV fyfeVsMA
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fu"d"kZ

dM+h esgur vkSj Qksdl yksxksa dks lQy cukrk gS] lQyrk
dqN ugha cfYd tfVy ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa lgh fu.kZ; ysuk gSA

dqy feykdj ;g isIlhdks bafM;k gksfYMax çkbosV fyfeVsM

esa ,d vPNk çn'kZu FkkA isIlhdks esa çf'k{k.k 'kq: djus ls
igys] ,d ,Q,elhth daiuh ds dke djus ls lacaf/kr cgqr lkjs loky
,d uoksfnr çca/kd ds fnekx esa ?kwe jgs Fks] ftUgsa iwjs
dkedkt dks tkuus ds fy, cgqr mRlkg FkkA laxBu ds vkSj
dbZ lokyksa ds tokc isIlhdks ds dk;Zdky ds nkSjku feysA
vHkh Hkh dqN ç'u vuqÙkfjr gSa vkSj os ,sls ç'u gSa ftudk
mÙkj dsoy 'kh"kZ çca/ku }kjk fn;k tk ldrk gS vkSj os
O;kogkfjd ç'u gSa ftudk mÙkj m|ksx esa dke djus ds
nkSjku Hkh fn;k tk ldrk gSA