ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity of submitting this report to express my profound

gratitude to the management of “S.S. & L.S. Patkar College of Science and

Commerce” for giving me the opportunity to accomplish this project work.

I am also thankful to all the teachers for their kind support and help.

I express my deepest gratitude towards our project guide Prof. Manali

Patil, for her valuable and timely advice during the various phases in my

project.

I would also like to thank all those unnamed but important people and

Computer Lab Assistants and supportive staff who directly or indirectly

helped me in the completion of this project and to my family and friends

without whose support, motivation and encouragement this would not have

been possible.

Thanking You,

Chirag Jyothi.

1
 INDEX

Sr. no Topic Page no

1. Introduction 3

1.1 Abstract 4
Introduction 5

2. System Analysis 6

2.1 Proposed System

2.2.1 Feature of proposed system 7
2.2.2 Advantages of proposed system

3. Requirements 8

3.1 Hardware Components

a) Raspberry pi 3 module B+ 9
b) DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor
c) BMP 180 digital barometric pressure sensor
d) Rain drop sensor

Software Components
10-21
a) Raspbian OS
b) Thing Speak
c) Python
d) VNC viewer

4. Design 22

4.1 For Hardware Model:

4.1.1 Circuit Diagram 23

4.1.2 Block Diagram 24
4.1.3 Flow chart diagram 25
26-31
4.1.4 Screen Designs
32
4.1.5 Component Connection
5.1 5.1.1 Future Enhancements 33

5.2 5.2.1 Conclusion 34

5.2.2 References 35

2
INTRODUCTION

3
 Abstract

Weather condition plays an very important role in our daily life. Collecting of
data about the different parameters of the weather is necessary for planning in
home and environments. Recent developments in Internet of Things made
possible to collect the data. In this system some sensors like DHT11,
BMP180, and Raindrop sensor are used for environmental parameter
measuring. This data from input sensors is then read by server that is
Raspberry Pi itself and stored in CSV as well as text files. The sensors gather
the data of various environmental parameters and provide it to Raspberry PI
which act as a base station. The Raspberry PI then transmits the data using
WIFI and the processed data will be displayed on laptop through accessing the
server that is on the receiver side And also send the data to cloud by thing
speak cloud based application .A weather monitoring system can be described
as a device or a tool, which can provide us information related to weather like
temperature (can be in both Celsius and Fahrenheit), humidity, Barometric
pressure etc. from old times to modern age it’s important to get data related to
weather because it is used from agriculture to space science and plays a crucial
role in many situation. For example, in forest and egg hatching industry
measurement and control of weather is important so this system can be use
anywhere to see the weather parameters. With the help of this system a user
can see weather parameters from anywhere and at any time with the help of
internet.

4
 Introduction

In this project we have implemented a weather monitoring system with the

help of raspberry pi and sending is data over cloud. Weather or Climate is an
important part of human life. From centuries human observes weather
condition. Weather parameters such as Temperature, Humidity, Pressure, Rain
sensor module etc. are play an important role in various fields from agriculture
to space science. So, to make this easy we have decided to develop an iot
instrument or device system which will automatically collect weather data and
send it to the cloud, so it can be accessed from anywhere in
Weather or Climate is important part of human life. Sensors are essential
components not only applicable to the industries for process control but also in
daily life for safety of building’s and traffic flow measuring, environmental
parameters measurement. IoT means Internet of Things. It provides
internetworking of physical devices, buildings, vehicles and other components
like sensors and actuators. By giving network connectivity to systems
embedded with electronics, software, sensors and actuators; these objects are
able to collect and exchange data. By using IoT objects to be sensed or
controlled remotely through existing network. It gives opportunity to connect
physical world with computer-based systems. IoT improves efficiency,
accuracy, economic benefits along with reduced manpower. IoT frameworks
help for the interaction between “things”. Also supports for more complex
structures like distributed computing and development of distributed
applications. Now a days most of IoT frameworks seem to focus on real-time
data logging solutions. The data of the measured parameters are not useful if
they are not transmitted fast and accurate manner to the users. Therefore,
transmitted and processing the measured data is a very important aspect of the
modern weather forecast. Transmission of the measured data could be done by
a number of means: WI-FI link, GSM/GPRS link, satellite link direct, wired
link, etc. Weather forecasting has to be reliable and accurate, regardless of its
application. Also, it has to provide simple access to all the measured parameters.
The quality of sensors and precision of measurements may vary, and the
location of weather forecasting station can determine the accuracy and
reliability of the weather data collection. Raspberry Pi, acting as data logger
process the converted output of sensors from analog to digital. The logged data
can then be transferred to a desktop or any other monitor has GUI for further
analysis. So by using easily obtained components and less complicated circuitry
powerful weather station can be build Now a day’s various weather factors like
wind and many other cause great impact on humans day to day life.

5
 SYSTEM
ANALYSIS

6
Proposed System:
The project “The project weather monitoring system” is designed to give latest
weather parameter data from any location. Sometime we are not able to go to a
particular location again and again and take its weather parameters value. In
such condition this system can be used to get the weather related data of a
particular place. The project simply take weather data from its surrounding
with the help of dht11 module and send it over thing speak.

We plan to implement this project with the aid of Raspberry pi boards with the
capability to perform IoT (Internet of Things) operations and also we are using
thing speak api to send data over cloud which will can be seen from anywhere
and also we can control it from anywhere with the help of vnc viewer and vnc
server. For this we need to install vnc server on our raspberry pi and vnc
viewer on our computer.

Advantages of Proposed System

 DHT11 Relative Humidity and Temperature Sensor can be used in many
applications like:
 HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) Systems
 Weather Stations
 Medical Equipment for measuring humidity
 Home Automation Systems
 Automotive and other weather control applications

7
REQUIREMENTS

8
Hardware Components:

 Raspberry pi 3 module B +

Raspberry Pi 3 B+ is a SOC (System on chip). It is a tiny computer board that

comes with CPU, GPU, and USB ports, I/O pins, Wi -Fi, Bluetooth, USB and
network boot and can do some functions like a regular computer. B+ model is
same as b it just has a POE hat. It also contains two extra USB port. 2

 DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor

This DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor features a calibrated digital signal output
with the temperature and humidity sensor complex. A high-performance 8-bit
microcontroller is connected. It gives fast and accurate measurement of temperature and
humidity.

 BMP 180 digital barometric pressure sensor

The BMP180 is the new digital barometric pressure sensor of Bosch Sensortec,
with a very high performance, which enables applications in advanced mobile
devices, such as smartphones, tablet PCs and sports devices.

 Rain Drop Sensor

The rain sensor module is an easy tool for rain detection. It can be used as a
switch when raindrop falls through the raining board and also for measuring
rainfall intensity. ... The analog output is used in detection of drops in the amount
of rainfall.

9
Software Components:
• Thing speak:

Thing Speak is an Internet of Things (IoT) platform that lets you collect and store
sensor data in the cloud and develop IoT applications. With thing speak we can
analyse and visualize our data. Sensor data can be sent to Thing Speak from
Arduino, Raspberry Pi , and other hardware. IDLE (short for integrated
development environment or integrated development and learning environment) is
an integrated development environment for Python, which has been bundled with
the default implementation of the language since 1.5.2b1.

• VNC Viewer:

In computing, Virtual Network Computing (VNC) is a graphical desktop sharing

system that uses the Remote Frame Buffer protocol (RFB) to remotely control
another computer. It transmits the keyboard and mouse events from one computer to
another, relaying the graphical screen updates back in the other direction, over a
network. VNC is platform-independent there are clients and servers for many GUI-
based operating systems and for Java. VNC was originally developed at the Olivetti
& Oracle Research Lab in Cambridge, United Kingdom. The original VNC source
code and many modern derivatives are open source under the GNU General Public
License. There are many VNC servers we are using VNC viewer.

• Raspbian os:

Raspbian OS is one of the official operating systems available for free to download
and use. The Raspbian desktop environment is known as the “Lightweight X11
Desktop Environment” or in short LXDE.
V

• Python programming language:

Python software is free to download and can be accessed on virtually every type of operating
system. It comes with a large standard library that will make programming simple tasks, such as
reading and modifying files, connecting to web servers, and more, easy. The software can also work
as a primer for programmers who are interested in learning Ruby or Java, which are both more
complicated but share similar traits with Python. The software was also created in order to catch
errors quicker, erasing the need for long code-test-debug sessions, and contains advanced features to
streamline the programming process.

10
Raspberry Pi 3 Module B+

11
 Developer Raspberry pi

Manufacturer Many

Type Single-board Microcontroller

Operating System Raspbian OS

CPU ARM architecture

ARM Cortex -A53,
BCM2835 (64-Bit),
Quad-Core (1.2GHz) (64-bit)
Memory 1GB LPDDR2 RAM at 900MHz

Storage Micro SDHC slot

The Raspberry Pi 3 is a version of the Raspberry Pi which was released in February 2016. It
contains a 1.2 GHz ARM Cortex-A53 CPU and hence is the first version of the Raspberry
Pi to support the arm64 architecture. In 2018, two further models were added to the
Raspberry Pi 3 family — The 3B+ and 3A+.
Raspberry pie is a portable, powerful and mini computer. The board length is only 85mm
and width is only 56mm.Its size only as big as a credit card but it is a capable little PC. It
can be used for many of the things that your desktop PC does, like high-definition video,
spreadsheets, word-processing, games and more. Raspberry Pi also has more wide
application range, such as music machines, parent detectors to weather stations, tweeting
birdhouses with infra-red cameras, lightweight web server, home automation server, etc. It
enables people of all ages to explore computing, learn to program and understand how
computers work. The Raspberry Pi Model B+ provides more GPIO, more USB than Model
B. It also improves power consumption, audio circuit and SD card. It is more useful for
embedded projects.
The Raspberry Pi was created in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation. The Raspberry Pi
Foundation's goal is to "advance the education of adults and children, particularly in the
field of computers, computer science and related subjects. Many people have used the
Raspberry Pi to make things like cameras, gaming machines, robots, web servers and media
centres.

12
Introduction to the Raspberry Pi Board

Introduction to Raspberry Pi 3 B+ ... It is an advanced version of Raspberry Pi 3 B

model that was introduced in 2016. It is a tiny computer board that comes with CPU, GPU,
USB ports, I/O pins, Wi Fi, Bluetooth, USB and network boot and is capable of doing some
functions like a regular computer.

13
Hardware

The Raspberry Pi hardware has evolved through several versions that feature variations
in memory capacity and peripheral-device support.
The Broadcom BCM2835 SoC used in the first generation Raspberry Pi[20] includes a
700 MHz ARM11 76JZF-S processor, Video Core IV graphics processing unit (GPU), and
RAM. It has a level 1 (L1) cache of 16 KB and a level 2 (L2) cache of 128 KB. The level 2
cache is used primarily by the GPU. The SoC is stacked underneath the RAM chip, so only
its edge is visible. The 1176JZ(F)-S is the same CPU used in the original iPhone, although
at a higher clock rate, and mated with a much faster GPU.
The earlier V1.1 model of the Raspberry Pi 2 used a Broadcom BCM2836 SoC with a
900 MHz 32-bit, quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 processor, with 256 KB shared L2 cache. The
Raspberry Pi 2 V1.2 was upgraded to a Broadcom BCM2837 SoC with a 1.2 GHz 64-
bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 processor, the same SoC which is used on the Raspberry
Pi 3, but underclocked (by default) to the same 900 MHz CPU clock speed as the V1.1. The
BCM2836 SoC is no longer in production as of late 2016.
The Raspberry Pi 3+ uses a Broadcom BCM2837B0 SoC with a 1.4 GHz 64-bit quad-
core ARM Cortex-A53 processor, with 512 KB shared L2 cache
The CPU on the first and second generation Raspberry Pi board did not require cooling,
such as a heat sink or fan, even when overclocked, but the Raspberry Pi 3 may generate
more heat when overclocked
The Raspberry Pi 3B+ features dual-band IEEE 802.11b/g/n/ac Wi Fi, Bluetooth 4.2,
and Gigabit Ethernet (limited to approximately 300 Mbit/s by the USB 2.0 bus between it and
the SoC).

14
DHT11 Temperature and Humidity
Sensor

SUMMARY:

The DHT11 measures relative humidity and temperature. It only uses three
wires.
These are the ranges and accuracy of the sensor:
• Humidity Range: 20-90% RH
• Humidity Accuracy: ±5% RH
• Temperature Range: 0-50 °C
• Temperature Accuracy: ±2% °C
• Operating Voltage: 3V to 5.5V

15
How the DHT11 Measures Humidity
The humidity sensing component is a moisture holding substrate with
electrodes applied to the surface. When water vapor is absorbed by the
substrate, ions are released by the substrate, which increases the conductivity
between the electrodes. The change in resistance between the two electrodes is
proportional to the relative humidity. The DHT11 measures temperature with
a surface mounted NTC temperature sensor (thermistor) built into the unit. An
IC mounted on the back of the unit converts the resistance measurement to
relative humidity. It also stores the calibration coefficients, and controls the
data signal transmission between the DHT11 and the Arduino.

DHT11 Description
DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor

DHT11 is a part of DHTXX series of Humidity sensors. The other sensor in

this series is DHT22. Both these sensors are Relative Humidity (RH) Sensor.
As a result, they will measure both the humidity and temperature. Although
DHT11 Humidity Sensors are cheap and slow, they are very popular among
hobbyists and beginners.

The DHT11 Humidity and Tem0perature Sensor consists of 3 main

components. A resistive type humidity sensor, an NTC (negative temperature
coefficient) thermistor (to measure the temperature) and an 8-bit
microcontroller, which converts the analog signals from both the sensors and
sends out single digital signal.

This digital signal can be read by any microcontroller or microprocessor for

further analysis.

16
DHT11 Humidity Sensor consists of 3 pins: VCC, Data Out and GND. The
range of voltage for VCC pin is 3.5V to 5.5V. A 5V supply would do fine.
The data from the Data Out pin is a serial digital data.The following image
shows a typical application circuit for DHT11 Humidity and Temperature
Sensor. DHT11 Sensor can measure a humidity value in the range of 20 –
90% of Relative Humidity (RH) and a temperature in the range of 0 – 500C.
The sampling period of the sensor is 1 second i.e.

All the DHT11 Sensors are accurately calibrated in the laboratory and the
results are stored in the memory. A single wire communication can be
established between any microcontroller like Arduino and the DHT11
Sensor.Also, the length of the cable can be as long as 20 meters. The data
from the sensor consists of integral and decimal parts for both Relative
Humidity (RH) and temperature.

17
BMP 180 digital barometric pressure
sensor

DESCRIPTION
The BMP180 is the function compatible successor of the BMP085, a new
generation of high precision digital pressure sensors for consumer
applications.
The ultra-low power, low voltage electronics of the BMP180 is optimized for
use in mobile phones, PDAs, GPS navigation devices and outdoor equipment.
With a low altitude noise of merely 0.25m at fast conversion time, the
BMP180 offers superior performance. The I2C interface allows for easy
system integration with a microcontroller.
The BMP180 is based on piezo-resistive technology for EMC robustness, high
accuracy and linearity as well as long term stability.
The BMP180 chip only accepts 1.8V to 3.6V input voltage,however It
contains a built-in stabili volt (3.3V), thus being able to work under 5V.
Therefore, it can be used on Arduino without any debugging.

18
FEATURES
1) BMP180 is a high-precision, small-sized and ultra-low-power barometer. It
is applicable to mobile devices.
2) It contains a built-in stabili volt (3.3V), thus being able to work under 5V.
3) PCB size: 2.3 x 2.3 cm.
4) Excellent performance. Its absolute accuracy can be down to 0.03 hPa.
Ultralow power consumption as 3μA.
5) Pressure range: 300~1100hPa (9000 to 500 meters elevation)
6) With temperature output and an I2C bus.

APPLICATIONS
 GPS precision navigation (dead reckoning, bridge detection etc.)
 Indoor/Outdoor navigation
 Monitoring in entertainment, sports, and healthcare
 Weather forecast
 vertical speed indication (ascending and descending rate).

19
RAINDROP SENSOR

DESCRIPTION
The rain sensor module is an easy tool for rain detection. It can be used as a
switch when raindrop falls through the raining board and also for measuring
rainfall intensity. ... The analog output is used in detection of drops in the
amount of rainfall The rain sensor module is an easy tool for rain detection. It
can be used as a switch when raindrop falls through the raining board and also
for measuring rainfall intensity. The module features, a rain board and the
control board that is separate for more convenience, The analog output is used
in detection of drops in the amount of rainfall. Connected to 5V power
supply,. restored to the initial state, outputs high level. This module can be
used for weather status, raindrop sensing, and for monitoring variety of
environment conditions.The DO TTL pins are digital outputs and they can be
connected to the microcontroller for detect the raindrop.The AO analog output
can be connected to the microcontroller AD port to detect the size or the
amount of the drops from the rainfall.

20
Specifications
 Adopts high quality of RF-04 double sided material.

 Area: 5cm x 4cm nickel plate on side,

 Anti-oxidation, anti-conductivity, with long use time Compatible with

Raspberry Pi;

 Comparator output signal clean waveform is good, driving ability, over

15mA;

 Potentiometer adjust the sensitivity;

 Working voltage 5V;

 Output format: Digital switching output (0 and 1) and analog voltage output
AO;

 With bolt holes for easy installation;

 Small board PCB size: 3.2cm x 1.4cm;

 Uses a wide voltage LM393 comparator Pin Configuration 1. VCC: 5V DC

2. GND: ground 3. DO: high/low output 4. AO: analog output 1 2 3 4 Wiring
Diagram Schematic Diagram 1 2 3 4 Sample Sketch void setup(){
Serial.begin(9600); pinMode(2, OUTPUT); } void loop(){ //analog output
if(analogRead(0)

21
DESIGN

22
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Circuit diagram for Weather Monitoring System

23
BLOCK DIAGRAM

Block diagram for Weather Monitoring System

24
FLOW CHART DIAGRAM

Flowchart for Weather Monitoring System

25
 SCREEN DESIGNS

Homepage:

26
Terminal screen:

27
Frm python main.py

28
Output:

29
From thing speak:

From channel stats:

30
31
COMPONENT CONNECTION

32
 FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS

The future of this system is very wide. Internet of Things is just opening
its arms, Same system can be applicable to the variety of applications
like Data monitoring, sending and controlling of data at remote
location.

In this project I have used sensors with digital input but with suitable A-
D convertor we can easily use sensors with analog input. As
applications are literally limit less, we can send SMS or E-mail through
Raspberry Pi.

Thus, such a system can be readily implemented using a low-cost

computer like Raspberry Pi which can function like a complete
computer.

Using moisture sensor Automatic irrigation control can be done to get

information about field and accordingly water pump will turn on. Data
can be monitored using infrared sensors and pressure sensors in
Surveillance system

33
 CONCLUSION
With the proposed methodology, we were able to interface and synchronize
the Raspberry Pi. Consequently, we with help of private software, we were
able to observe the requisite graphs and results. Therefore, a novel method
of Sensing Temperature and humidity was reviewed.
Thus, we can conclude that the Raspberry Pi efficiently does the work of
weather station because of it’s a compact yet very powerful device. RPI
GPIO library is needed which gives access to raspberry PI’s GPIO’s is
get accessed by RPI GPIO library which additionally needed by for final
Programming. and the HTTPLIB which can access internet connection of
raspberry and over internet data pushed on the server. Data available on
cloud server will be vanished automatically after several interval of time
if we want. Comparison shown below satisfies how the discussed system
is preferable in terms of cost &memory capacity etc& all the models on
+5 supplies. Processor for Model B and B+ is single core while Quad
core processor used for Model 2 and Model3.
In this paper, we introduced one feasible solution for low cost weather
monitoring station that we developed. The main aim was to design a low
cost, small size and useful solution for real-time weather monitoring and
logging in school, colleges, research center. By Using the sensor for
atmospheric temperature, humidity integration with raspberry pi 3, we
created a model of the weather monitoring station.
This model of low-cost weather monitoring station may consider as a first
step towards development and commercialization of economically
affordable, easy to use, small in size but reliable weather
monitoringstation.

34
 REFERENCES

[1] International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT)

– Volume 33 - March 2016‘An Automated Thing Speak Weather

Monitoring System using Raspberry PI’M. Ramesh1, D r. S.A.K. Jilani2,
Mr. S. Arun Department of Electronics &Communication Engineering,
MITS, India
[2] International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology

(IJERT)ISSN: 2278- 018IJERTV3IS090619 Vol. 3 Issue 9, September-

2014’Modular Weather and Environment Monitoring Systems using
Raspberry Pi’ Venkata Department of Telecommunications BMS
College of Engineering Bangalore, India
[3] The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES) Volume
4 2015 ISSN (e): 2319 – 1813 ‘Zigbee based weather monitoring system’
[4] Low-Cost controller-based Weather Monitoring System- CMA Journal
(2006)
[5] International Journal of Computer technology July 2014 Design and

Implementation of Weather Monitoring and Controlling Systems.

[6] Article Published on Wireless Remote sensing Weather Monitoring Based
on M E M S.

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