STUDENT MODELLING

COMPETITION
Simulation, design and optimization of an historical building
energy retrofit

Building Simulation 2019

Briefing Document

Ilaria Ballarini
Fabio Bisegna
Filippo Calcerano
Francesca Cappelletti
Cristina Cornaro
Claudia Guattari
Christina Hopfe
Alessandro Prada
Christian Struck
Gerhard Zweifel
Sergey Zhukovskiy
Student Modelling Competition BS2019 Version 1.0

Student Modelling Competition

Building Simulation 2019
Briefing Document

1. Background
As part of the 16th IBPSA International Conference and Exhibition
(http://buildingsimulation2019.org/competitions/), IBPSA is organizing a student
modeling competition. The aim is to facilitate wider participation in the conference and
to provide a competitive forum for student members of the building simulation
community. It is expected that several tutors of relevant courses in universities around
the world will use the brief of this competition as part of their teaching material.

The 2019 Modeling Competition is set up as a SIMULATION PENTATHLON

That means that it will comprise five contests which represent the phases that a
practitioner should go through when designing the retrofit of an existing building.
These are:

1. Model and simulate the existing building

2. Assess the building energy consumption and indoor environmental
quality
3. Redesign using retrofit measures to enhance the buildings performance
4. Assess the building daylighting performance and visual comfort
5. Optimize the building performance using previously assessed
performance measures (or more) by using parametric design, sensitivity
analysis or multi-objective optimization

This document contains all the information relating to the competition. Entries will be
judged prior to the conference with an award being made at the conference in
Rome, Italy in September 2019.

2. Tasks
For this year’s competition, the aim of the exercise is to use computer simulation to
design the energy retrofit of an historical building located in Rome, Italy.

The primary goal of this competition is to design the most efficient retrofit design
possible given the constraints listed in this document and in the attached Appendices.

 The building for analysis is a 5-story masonry structure (for more details see
paragraph 3). You are free to choose the design for all aspects of the building
envelope, provided that they meet the listed constraints.
 You are provided with the site conditions, building drawings and occupancy
schedules (refer to Appendices. CAD file are available on the website).
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 You are expected to model the building and the technical building system making
realistic assumptions of all unknown inputs.
 You are given the location and corresponding weather file (accessible on the
website).
 You are expected to model the building and the technical building system making
realistic assumptions of all unknown inputs.
 You are expected to assess the indoor thermal comfort, by means of appropriate
models and metrics and to apply strategies to improve the comfort outside the
heating season.
 You may rely on low energy heating technologies to improve thermal comfort as per
the ASHRAE Standard 55-2010 or the European Standard EN 15251:2007.
 You are expected to choose the glazing system and the shading devices in order to
maximize daylighting and minimizing the visual and thermal discomfort.
 Any type of shading device or strategy may be considered and implemented.
 You are expected to design optimal retrofit solutions by testing different strategies
to save energy and/or to improve indoor environmental comfort.
 You are expected to apply one means of either parametric design, multi-objective
optimization or sensitivity analysis. This technique should help you to find the best
retrofit solution. Possible objectives can be capital costs, energy savings, and
comfort improvement, amongst others.

Entrants are expected to demonstrate an optimal retrofit design solution in such a way
as to minimize energy consumption whilst maintaining comfort conditions. Outside the
heating season entrants are free to propose natural ventilation and shading strategies
in order to maintain comfortable conditions. Details of these must be provided in the
report.
All entrants’ design should be tested (and refined if necessary) using building
performance simulation. All entrants must use a validated code.

3. Case study
The building is a 17th century palace now hosting classrooms and offices. It is located
in the historical center of Rome (Italy). It is composed of 5 floors: a ground floor, three
floors with the same plant and an attic.

The building is a masonry construction. The windows have single pane glass with
wooden frames. Slabs are composed of timber beams with wooden board under a
ceramic tiles floor.

The roof is made of wooden boards and roof clay tiles without thermal insulation.

The ground floor is built on an underground level. Information about the underground
level are not available.

The building is only heated during the winter season from November 1st to April 15th.
No information about the system operation is available; assumptions about the system
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operation are required, provided that the indoor thermal comfort conditions are
guaranteed during the occupied hours.
The building is naturally ventilated. No cooling system is present.

4. Provided inputs and constraints

Constraints must be followed precisely. Any deviation from any requirements (including,
but not limited to, adjusting receptacle and other plug loads), unless explicitly
mentioned below, will result in disqualification. The intention is to remove uncertainty
with many project parameters so that the competitors can concentrate on a specific
system on an equal playing field.

Site and Building plans

A CAD file will be provided with the 2D drawings of the building levels, the sections and
the site plan. In Appendix A, an overview of the case study is reported.

Heating System features

The heating system is composed of radiators fed by hot water. The generation system
is a gas boiler, with unknown nominal power. The heating system provides the comfort
temperature during the occupancy hours. The recommended value for design of building
envelope and HVAC systems is 20 °C as minimum required operative temperature for
heating season, considering a 1 clo as clothing resistance.

Ventilation and Infiltration

The building is naturally ventilated. In Appendix B the ventilation requirements and the
occupancy densities are provided. The leakages level of the building is high because of
a high air permeability of the windows; a suitable assumption with respect to the
infiltration rate must be made.

Internal heat gains

See Appendix C.

Schedules
See Appendix C.

Climate Data
Use weather data for Rome, Italy are delivered in a folder at the conference web
site.
The Test Reference Year for Rome was developed by the Italian Committee for Energy
Systems (Comitato Termotecnico Italiano Energia e Ambiente – CTI) according to the
standard ISO 15927-4.

The files in the provided folder have been generated by Weather Converter version
8.1.0, and more information can be found on "Auxiliary EnergyPlus Programs"
documentation. Three different files are included:
‐ The file .epw contains the typical reference year data to be used in the simulation
runs for the evaluation of the energy consumptions and for the thermal comfort
analysis.

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‐ The file .stat reports "statistics" about the test reference year and it can be used in
the early stage of the retrofit design.
‐ The file .ddy contains the Design Day Data for heating and cooling systems
according to Climate Design Data of the 2009 ASHRAE Handbook. The design day
data have to be used for sizing the HVAC components.

5. Evaluation Criteria
The key factors influencing the judges’ decision will be accurate and intelligent and
innovative use of building simulation (15%). It will not account for any site-specific
interventions outside the building footprint.

Additionally, different scores will be applied to the report considering for example the
following achievements:

o Building Modeling and Energy simulation methodology (15%)

 Modelling methods, including rational definition of inputs for simulation
 Simulation details and models used to simulate the building behavior
 Efficacy of graphs and output calculated
o Environmental quality assessment (15%)
 Modelling methods and explanation to ensure environmental quality
 Effectiveness of the metrics used for the performance assessment
 Efficacy of the representation of results by means of maps or graphs
o Retrofit design development (15%)
 Attention to architectural considerations as well as design feasibility and
decision making
 Efficacy of the retrofit solution proposed and compliance of the interventions
with the guiding principles of restoration
o Daylighting performance and visual comfort evaluation (15%)
 Modelling methods, including details and models used in simulating the
visual environment
 Daylight and visual comfort metrics used in the assessment
 Efficacy of the representation of results by means of graphs
o Optimized building performance (15%)
 Initial assumptions and number of performance measures compared
 Technique used e.g. parametric design, sensitivity analysis or multi-
objective optimization
 Efficacy of the representation of results by means of graphs
o Presentation and quality of report, figures and referencing (10%)

Competition submissions can be either individual or group submissions, but

multidisciplinary teams of students are more advisable. Following judging by an
expert panel, two finalists will be identified. In case of group entries, a group leader
should be nominated as corresponding person.

Note. The decision of the judges is final and there will be no further discussion or
negotiations.
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6. Deliverable Report
One report of maximum 20 pages (excluding annex section) containing the following
sections:
1) Title page, including author(s) name(s), affiliation(s), and, in case of team
applications, contact details of the corresponding author
2) Executive Summary (1 page or less)
3) List of contents
4) Nomenclature
5) Introduction
6) Building Energy Simulation
a) Modelling assumptions
b) Modelling techniques
7) Indoor Environmental Quality Assessment
a) Models, requirements and metrics
8) Building retrofit design
a) Explanation of options considered and decision process
b) Additional (decision making) techniques implemented to guide the decision
and objectives considered for optimization
c) Compliance of the interventions with the guidelines on retrofit design of
historical buildings
9) Daylight and visual comfort assessment
a) Motivation supporting the choice of the analyzed zone
b) Strategies for shading device
c) Models, requirements and metrics for daylighting
d) Models, requirements and metrics for visual comfort
10) Results (including any use of parametric design, uncertainty analysis and
optimization)
Ensure all graphs provided are legible and concise to support overall results.
Additional graphics can be included in Appendices.
11) Conclusions
12) References (if required)
13) Appendices (if required)

Note. Reports not providing information on all the five contests will be excluded from
the competition.

7. Key Dates
October 30th, 2018 Announcement of brief
January 31st, 2019: Entrants to notify their intent to submit an entry via
email to:
StudentCompetition@buildingsimulation2019.org
April 28th, 2019: Deadline for completed entries.
These should be sent via email in WORD or PDF to
StudentEntries@buildingsimulation2019.org
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June 1st, 2019: Winners informed

September 2nd – 4th 2019: BS2019 Conference in Rome, Italy

8. Enrollment and notification of finalists

All entrants must be enrolled as students (PhD, MSc, BSc or equivalent) at the time of
submission (i.e. April 28th 2019). Entrants must upload the following documents, as a
proof of their ‘student’ status:

 A bonafide letter on the university/institute letterhead from the supervisor or

faculty-in-charge
 Student ID provided by the university/institute

Entrants who fail to submit these documents will be disqualified. Please note that in the
case of group entries, each member must submit these documents.

The two finalists will be notified by June 1st, 2019 and will receive free registration to
BS2019 plus up to € 2000 in reimbursed travel expenses. The two finalists will be
expected to attend the Building Simulation 2019 conference and to prepare a short
presentation and produce a poster for display at BS2019. Poster requirements and
travel/registration information for the finalists will be provided at that time. Based on
the conference presentation and poster, an overall winner will be selected and
announced at the conference.

9. Queries
If you require any further information, please contact us at the following e-mail:

StudentQueries@buildingsimulation2019.org
Please use email and try to make your question as concise as possible.

All questions and responses will be posted to the Student Competition section on the
BS2019 website so please look here first to check that your query has not already
been answered. Thank you.

10. Submitting to other conferences

Groups and individuals intending to submit report and results to a different conference
must acknowledge the IBPSA BS19 modeling competition in this paper.

Appendices

Appendix A: Site and Building

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Site Plan. Building Footprint Area = 1264 m2

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Ground Floor

B B’

Typical Floor
A (Levels 1, 2, 3)

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Top Floor

Section A-A’

Section B-B’

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Appendix B: Envelope components

External Walls
Thickness Conductivity Density Specific Heat
[m] W/(m K)] [kg/m3] capacity
[J/(kg K)]

Internal 0.02 0.7 1400 1000

Plaster
Stones and
0.9 – 0.7 0.9 1500 1000
bricks
External 0.02 0.9 1800 1000
Plaster

Roof
Thickness Conductivity Density Specific Heat
[m] W/(m K)] [kg/m3] capacity
[J/(kg K)]

Wooden Board 0.03 0.15 550 1600

Clay Tiles 0.02 - - -

Ground and Internal Floor

Thickness Conductivity Density Specific Heat
[m] W/(m K)] [kg/m3] capacity
[J/(kg K)]

Ceramic tiles 0.015 1.40 1700 1000

Wooden board 0.06 0.18 710 1000

Appendix C: Occupancy densities and Ventilation

requirements

Corridor Restroom
Office Classroom & Stairs & lavatory
Occupancy
[pers./m2] 0.12 0.6 0.05 0.05
density
Ventilation
requirement 8 ACH of
[m3/(h person)] 39.6 25.2 0.0
(occupancy exhaust air
period)

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Appendix D: Internal Gains & Schedules

Office
The internal heat gains for occupants, lighting and appliances are reported in the next
tables, together with the hourly ratio of the peak value.

Internal heat gains Internal heat gains Internal heat gains Ratio of internal Ratio of internal Ratio of internal
From Monday to From Monday to
due to occupants due to lighting due to appliances heat gains due to heat gains due to heat gains due to
Friday Friday
[W/m2] [W/m2] [W/m2] occupants [-] lighting [-] appliances [-]
Peak value 9.00 12.00 12.00
Peak value
Simultaneous
corrected by 9.00 12.00 12.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
usage ratio
simultaneous use
Hourly value Hourly value
00:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 00:00 0.00 0.00 0.25
01:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 01:00 0.00 0.00 0.25
02:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 02:00 0.00 0.00 0.25
03:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 03:00 0.00 0.00 0.25
04:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 04:00 0.00 0.00 0.25
05:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 05:00 0.00 0.00 0.25
06:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 06:00 0.00 0.00 0.25
07:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 07:00 0.00 0.00 0.25
08:00 9.00 12.00 12.00 08:00 1.00 1.00 1.00
09:00 9.00 12.00 12.00 09:00 1.00 1.00 1.00
10:00 9.00 12.00 12.00 10:00 1.00 1.00 1.00
11:00 9.00 12.00 12.00 11:00 1.00 1.00 1.00
12:00 5.40 6.00 9.60 12:00 0.60 0.50 0.80
13:00 9.00 12.00 12.00 13:00 1.00 1.00 1.00
14:00 9.00 12.00 12.00 14:00 1.00 1.00 1.00
15:00 9.00 12.00 12.00 15:00 1.00 1.00 1.00
16:00 9.00 12.00 12.00 16:00 1.00 1.00 1.00
17:00 9.00 12.00 12.00 17:00 1.00 1.00 1.00
18:00 4.50 12.00 12.00 18:00 0.50 1.00 1.00
19:00 2.70 12.00 6.00 19:00 0.30 1.00 0.50
20:00 1.80 9.60 6.00 20:00 0.20 0.80 0.50
21:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 21:00 0.00 0.00 0.25
22:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 22:00 0.00 0.00 0.25
23:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 23:00 0.00 0.00 0.25

Internal heat gains Internal heat gains Internal heat gains Ratio of internal Ratio of internal Ratio of internal
Saturday-Sunday due to occupants due to lighting due to appliances Saturday-Sunday heat gains due to heat gains due to heat gains due to
[W/m2] [W/m2] [W/m2] occupants [-] lighting [-] appliances [-]

Peak value 9.00 12.00 12.00

Peak value
Simultaneous
corrected by 9.00 12.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 0.25
usage ratio
simultaneous use
Hourly value Hourly value
00:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 00:00 0.00 0.00 1.00
01:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 01:00 0.00 0.00 1.00
02:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 02:00 0.00 0.00 1.00
03:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 03:00 0.00 0.00 1.00
04:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 04:00 0.00 0.00 1.00
05:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 05:00 0.00 0.00 1.00
06:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 06:00 0.00 0.00 1.00
07:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 07:00 0.00 0.00 1.00
08:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 08:00 0.00 0.00 1.00
09:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 09:00 0.00 0.00 1.00
10:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 10:00 0.00 0.00 1.00
11:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 11:00 0.00 0.00 1.00
12:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 12:00 0.00 0.00 1.00
13:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 13:00 0.00 0.00 1.00
14:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 14:00 0.00 0.00 1.00
15:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 15:00 0.00 0.00 1.00
16:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 16:00 0.00 0.00 1.00
17:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 17:00 0.00 0.00 1.00
18:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 18:00 0.00 0.00 1.00
19:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 19:00 0.00 0.00 1.00
20:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 20:00 0.00 0.00 1.00
21:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 21:00 0.00 0.00 1.00
22:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 22:00 0.00 0.00 1.00
23:00 0.00 0.00 3.00 23:00 0.00 0.00 1.00

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Classroom

The internal heat gains for occupants, lighting and appliances are reported in the next
tables, together with the hourly ratio of the peak value.

Internal heat gains Internal heat gains Internal heat gains Ratio of internal Ratio of internal Ratio of internal
From Monday to From Monday to
due to occupants due to lighting due to appliances heat gains due to heat gains due to heat gains due to
Friday Friday
[W/m2] [W/m2] [W/m2] occupants [-] lighting [-] appliances [-]

Peak value 45.00 20.00 0.50

Peak value
Simultaneous
corrected by 31.50 14.00 0.35 0.70 0.70 0.70
usage ratio
simultaneous use
Hourly value Hourly value
00:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 00:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
01:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
02:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 02:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
03:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 03:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
04:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 04:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
05:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 05:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
06:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 06:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
07:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 07:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
08:00 31.50 14.00 0.35 08:00 1.00 1.00 1.00
09:00 31.50 14.00 0.35 09:00 1.00 1.00 1.00
10:00 31.50 14.00 0.35 10:00 1.00 1.00 1.00
11:00 31.50 14.00 0.35 11:00 1.00 1.00 1.00
12:00 31.50 14.00 0.35 12:00 1.00 1.00 1.00
13:00 31.50 14.00 0.35 13:00 1.00 1.00 1.00
14:00 31.50 14.00 0.35 14:00 1.00 1.00 1.00
15:00 31.50 14.00 0.35 15:00 1.00 1.00 1.00
16:00 31.50 14.00 0.35 16:00 1.00 1.00 1.00
17:00 31.50 14.00 0.35 17:00 1.00 1.00 1.00
18:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
19:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 19:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
20:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
21:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 21:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
22:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 22:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
23:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 23:00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Internal heat gains Internal heat gains Internal heat gains Ratio of internal Ratio of internal Ratio of internal
Saturday-Sunday due to occupants due to lighting due to appliances Saturday-Sunday heat gains due to heat gains due to heat gains due to
2 2 2
[W/m ] [W/m ] [W/m ] occupants [-] lighting [-] appliances [-]

Peak value 45.00 20.00 0.50 Peak value - - -

Peak value
Simultaneous
corrected by 31.50 14.00 0.35 0.70 0.70 0.70
usage ratio
simultaneous use
Hourly value Hourly value
00:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 00:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
01:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
02:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 02:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
03:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 03:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
04:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 04:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
05:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 05:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
06:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 06:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
07:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 07:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
08:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 08:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
09:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 09:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
12:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
13:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 13:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
14:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
15:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
16:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
17:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
18:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
19:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 19:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
20:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
21:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 21:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
22:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 22:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
23:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 23:00 0.00 0.00 0.00

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Corridor and Stairs

The internal heat gains for occupants, lighting and appliances are reported in the next
tables, together with the hourly ratio of the peak value.
Internal heat gains Internal heat gains Internal heat gains Ratio of internal Ratio of internal Ratio of internal
From Monday to From Monday to
due to occupants due to lighting due to appliances heat gains due to heat gains due to heat gains due to
Friday Friday
[W/m2] [W/m2] [W/m2] occupants [-] lighting [-] appliances [-]
Peak value
Simultaneous
corrected by 3.75 7.40 0.00 1.00 1.00 -
usage ratio
simultaneous use
Hourly value Hourly value
00:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 00:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
01:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
02:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 02:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
03:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 03:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
04:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 04:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
05:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 05:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
06:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 06:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
07:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 07:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
08:00 3.75 7.40 0.00 08:00 1.00 1.00 0.00
09:00 3.75 7.40 0.00 09:00 1.00 1.00 0.00
10:00 3.75 7.40 0.00 10:00 1.00 1.00 0.00
11:00 3.75 7.40 0.00 11:00 1.00 1.00 0.00
12:00 3.75 7.40 0.00 12:00 1.00 1.00 0.00
13:00 3.75 7.40 0.00 13:00 1.00 1.00 0.00
14:00 3.75 7.40 0.00 14:00 1.00 1.00 0.00
15:00 3.75 7.40 0.00 15:00 1.00 1.00 0.00
16:00 3.75 7.40 0.00 16:00 1.00 1.00 0.00
17:00 3.75 7.40 0.00 17:00 1.00 1.00 0.00
18:00 3.75 7.40 0.00 18:00 1.00 1.00 0.00
19:00 3.75 7.40 0.00 19:00 1.00 1.00 0.00
20:00 3.75 7.40 0.00 20:00 1.00 1.00 0.00
21:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 21:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
22:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 22:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
23:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 23:00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Internal heat gains Internal heat gains Internal heat gains Ratio of internal Ratio of internal Ratio of internal
Saturday-Sunday due to occupants due to lighting due to appliances Saturday-Sunday heat gains due to heat gains due to heat gains due to
[W/m2] [W/m2] [W/m2] occupants [-] lighting [-] appliances [-]
Peak value
Simultaneous
corrected by 3.75 7.40 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
usage ratio
simultaneous use
Hourly value Hourly value
00:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 00:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
01:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
02:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 02:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
03:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 03:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
04:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 04:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
05:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 05:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
06:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 06:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
07:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 07:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
08:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 08:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
09:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 09:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
12:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
13:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 13:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
14:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
15:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
16:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
17:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
18:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
19:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 19:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
20:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
21:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 21:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
22:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 22:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
23:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 23:00 0.00 0.00 0.00

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Restroom and lavatory

The internal heat gains for occupants, lighting and appliances are reported in the next
tables, together with the hourly ratio of the peak value.
Internal heat gains Internal heat gains Internal heat gains Ratio of internal Ratio of internal Ratio of internal
From Monday to From Monday to
due to occupants due to lighting due to appliances heat gains due to heat gains due to heat gains due to
Friday Friday
[W/m2] [W/m2] [W/m2] occupants [-] lighting [-] appliances [-]
Peak value
Simultaneous
corrected by 3.75 10.60 0.00 1.00 1.00 -
usage ratio
simultaneous use
Hourly value Hourly value
00:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 00:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
01:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
02:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 02:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
03:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 03:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
04:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 04:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
05:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 05:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
06:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 06:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
07:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 07:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
08:00 3.75 10.60 0.00 08:00 1.00 1.00 0.00
09:00 3.75 10.60 0.00 09:00 1.00 1.00 0.00
10:00 3.75 10.60 0.00 10:00 1.00 1.00 0.00
11:00 3.75 10.60 0.00 11:00 1.00 1.00 0.00
12:00 3.75 10.60 0.00 12:00 1.00 1.00 0.00
13:00 3.75 10.60 0.00 13:00 1.00 1.00 0.00
14:00 3.75 10.60 0.00 14:00 1.00 1.00 0.00
15:00 3.75 10.60 0.00 15:00 1.00 1.00 0.00
16:00 3.75 10.60 0.00 16:00 1.00 1.00 0.00
17:00 3.75 10.60 0.00 17:00 1.00 1.00 0.00
18:00 3.75 10.60 0.00 18:00 1.00 1.00 0.00
19:00 3.75 10.60 0.00 19:00 1.00 1.00 0.00
20:00 3.75 10.60 0.00 20:00 1.00 1.00 0.00
21:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 21:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
22:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 22:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
23:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 23:00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Internal heat gains Internal heat gains Internal heat gains Ratio of internal Ratio of internal Ratio of internal
Saturday-Sunday due to occupants due to lighting due to appliances Saturday-Sunday heat gains due to heat gains due to heat gains due to
[W/m2] [W/m2] [W/m2] occupants [-] lighting [-] appliances [-]
Peak value
Simultaneous
corrected by 3.75 10.60 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
usage ratio
simultaneous use
Hourly value Hourly value
00:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 00:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
01:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
02:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 02:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
03:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 03:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
04:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 04:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
05:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 05:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
06:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 06:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
07:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 07:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
08:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 08:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
09:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 09:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
12:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
13:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 13:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
14:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
15:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
16:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
17:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
18:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
19:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 19:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
20:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
21:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 21:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
22:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 22:00 0.00 0.00 0.00
23:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 23:00 0.00 0.00 0.00

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Appendix E: Guidelines and bibliography for building

simulation and energy retrofit design of historical buildings
In Europe, the refurbishment design of a historical building has several constraints due
to the need of preservation imposed by the local Cultural and Architectonical Heritage
Departments. When approaching to the refurbishment design some principles of
restoration produced by the critical debate on restoration started around the 19th
century (and developed through the international restoration charters) must be
considered.

In this appendix, you can find a list of these principles together with a list of references
about the energy improvement of historical buildings.

List of principles (Carbonara, 2017)

a) minimum intervention: the energy improvement design should aim to keep the
original material as much as possible and avoid unnecessary interventions;
b) reversibility: the interventions must reversible in the future, whenever possible;
c) distinguishability: new works should be distinguishable against the existing one;
d) physical-chemical and figurative compatibility: the interventions must
guarantee compatibility between ancient and new materials, new design solution
and historical and architectural features also within an energy improvement project
(for example the understanding of the building's bioclimatic functioning - also
through historical and architectural insights on the technologies used - is vital to
reconstruct and optimise its passive behaviour);
e) respect for the material and figurative authenticity of the asset.

Bibliography

 AA, VV. 2008. «Energy Heritage. A guide to improving energy efficiency in

traditional and historic homes». Changework resources for life.
http://www.changeworks.org.uk/resources/energy-heritage-a-guide-to-improving-
energy-efficiency-in-traditional-and-historic-homes.
 Alongi, A., R. Scoccia, M. Motta, and L. Mazzarella. 2015. «Numerical investigation
of the Castle of Zena energy needs and a feasibility study for the implementation
of electric and gas driven heat pump». Energy and Buildings, Special Issue: Historic,
historical and existing buildings: designing the retrofit. An overview from energy
performances to indoor air quality, 95: 32–38.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.11.012.
 Ascione, Fabrizio, Nicola Bianco, Rosa Francesca De Masi, Filippo de’Rossi, and
Giuseppe Peter Vanoli. 2015. «Energy retrofit of an educational building in the
ancient center of Benevento. Feasibility study of energy savings and respect of the
historical value». Energy and Buildings, Special Issue: Historic, historical and
existing buildings: designing the retrofit. An overview from energy performances to
indoor air quality, 95: 172–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.10.072.
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 Carbonara, Giovanni. 2017. «Cultural Heritage and Retrofit of Historical Buildings

Evaluations of Restoration Issues». In Keynote speech Climamed 2017 –
Mediterranean Conference of HVAC Historical buildings retrofit in the Mediterranean
area 12-13 May 2017 - Matera, Italy.
 Carbonara, Giovanni. 2015. «Energy efficiency as a protection tool». Energy and
Buildings, Special Issue: Historic, historical and existing buildings: designing the
retrofit. An overview from energy performances to indoor air quality, 95 9–12.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.12.052.
 Cardinale, Nicola, Gianluca Rospi, and Pietro Stefanizzi. 2013. «Energy and
microclimatic performance of Mediterranean vernacular buildings: The Sassi district
of Matera and the Trulli district of Alberobello». Building and Environment 59: 590–
98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.10.006.
 Cornaro, Cristina, Valerio Adoo Puggioni, and Rodolfo Maria Strollo. 2016. «Dynamic
simulation and on-site measurements for energy retrofit of complex historic
buildings: Villa Mondragone case study». Journal of Building Engineering 6 : 17–28.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2016.02.001.
 D’Ambrosio, Francesca Romana, Livio Mazzarella, Laura Bellia, Marco Filippi, Livio
De Santoli, and Piercarlo Romagnoni. 2018. «Energy Efficiency in Historic
Buildings». REHVA.
 Gigliarelli, Elena, Filippo Calcerano, and Luciano Cessari. 2017. «Heritage Bim,
Numerical Simulation and Decision Support Systems: an Integrated Approach for
Historical Buildings Retrofit». Energy Procedia, Climamed 2017 – Mediterranean
Conference of HVAC Historical buildings retrofit in the Mediterranean area 12-13
May 2017 - Matera, Italy, 133 : 135–44.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.379.
 Mazzarella, Livio. 2015. «Energy retrofit of historic and existing buildings. The
legislative and regulatory point of view». Energy and Buildings, Special Issue:
Historic, historical and existing buildings: designing the retrofit. An overview from
energy performances to indoor air quality, 95: 23–31.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.10.073.
 Pernetti, Roberta, A. Prada, e P. Baggio. 2013. «On the influence of several
parameters in energy model calibration: the case of a historical building».
Proceedings of the 1st IBPSA - Italy conference BSA . Free University of Bolzano,
Italy.
 Roberti, Francesca, Ulrich Filippi Oberegger, e Andrea Gasparella. 2015.
«Calibrating historic building energy models to hourly indoor air and surface
temperatures: Methodology and case study». Energy and Buildings 108 (dicembre):
236–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.09.010.

Main Restoration Charters

 The Athens Charter for the Restoration of Historic Monuments – 1931
https://www.icomos.org/en/167-the-athens-charter-for-the-restoration-of-
historic-monuments

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 INTERNATIONAL CHARTER FOR THE CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION OF

MONUMENTS AND SITES (THE VENICE CHARTER 1964)
https://www.icomos.org/charters/venice_e.pdf
 The Declaration of Amsterdam - 1975
https://www.icomos.org/en/and/169-the-declaration-of-amsterdam
 European Charter of the Architectural Heritage - 1975
https://www.icomos.org/en/charters-and-texts/179-articles-en-
francais/ressources/charters-and-standards/170-european-charter-of-the-
architectural-heritage
 CHARTER FOR THE CONSERVATION OF HISTORIC TOWNS AND URBAN
AREAS (WASHINGTON CHARTER 1987)
https://www.icomos.org/charters/towns_e.pdf
 The Nara Document on Authenticity (1994)
https://www.icomos.org/charters/nara-e.pdf
 The Aalborg Charter (1994)
http://www.sustainablecities.eu/fileadmin/repository/Aalborg_Charter/Aalborg_
Charter_English.pdf

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