Q.

1 When AC supply is given to the transformer, the flux will depend on

1. current.
2. voltage.
3. frequency.
4. both voltage and frequency.

Justification : V = 4.44φfT. Where V is applied voltage, φ is the flux in the core, f is the frequency of the
supply, T is the number of turns in the winding. Hence from this equation, flux φ depends upon both voltage V
and supply frequency f.

Q. 2. In transformer, humming sound occurs due to

1. oil.
2. load.
3. magnetostriction.
4. none of above.

Justification : Due to alternating magnetic field, the magnetic domains of a ferromagnetic material
continuously change their shape and orientation. This phenomenon is called magnetostriction. Due to this the
overall dimension of each laminated sheet changes according to supply frequency, hence creates a humming
sound.

Q. 3. As compared the transformer with AC machines it is more efficient because

1. it does not have mechanical losses.

2. it does not have copper losses.
3. core losses are negligible.
4. none of above.

Justification : Transformer is a static device. It is not at all having any mechanical losses hence having more
efficiency.

Q. 4. The primary and secondary winding of transformer are linked each other by

1. conduction.
2. mutual induction.
3. not linked at all.
4. self induction.

Justification : The function of a transformer depends upon the mutual induction between it's primary and
secondary winding. Whenever an alternating source is applied to the primary, a changing alternating flux is
produced and passed through magnetic core, and linked with secondary winding.
Q. 5. Which parameter does not change during transformation action in transformer?

1. Voltage.
2. Frequency.
3. Current.
4. None of these.

Justification : Transformation action depends upon the rate of change of flux linkage between primary and
secondary winding. The applied alternating voltage results alternating current in the primary winding, which
ultimately causes alternating flux in the core with same frequency of primary voltage or current. This alternating
flux links with secondary winding and induces voltage in it. Hence the secondary voltage will also have same
frequency as primary voltage. So there will be no change of frequency between primary and secondary of a
transformer.

Q. 6. Secondary current of a step down transformer is

1. lower than primary current.

2. higher than primary current.
3. equal to primary current.
4. double than primary current.

Justification : In a transformer input power equals to output power while loss is neglected. Again power is the
product of voltage and current if power factor is taken as unity. As the output voltage of step down transformer
decreases hence there will be proportionate increase in current at secondary.

Q. 7. The core of transformer must have

1. low reluctance.
2. high resistance.
3. high reluctance.
4. low resistance.

Justification : In a transformer there will be mutual inductance between primary and secondary circuits linked
by a common magnetic flux through the core of transformer. It is desirable to pass all the flux produced by
magnetizing current, through the core, hence the core of transformer must be of low reluctance.

Q. 8. The working principle of transformer depends upon

1. Ohm's law.
2. Lenz’s law.
3. Fleming’s left hand rule.
4. Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.
Justification : Transformation action depends upon the rate of change of flux linkage between primary and
secondary winding of transformers. Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction, states that the rate of change
of flux linkage with respect to time is directly proportional to induced emf in a coil. Hence it can be concluded
that working principle of transformer depends upon Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.

Q. 9. An ideal transformer is one which has

1. no winding resistance.
2. no leakage reactance.
3. no losses.
4. all of above.

Justification : An ideal transformer consists of two winding which are purely inductive and wound on a loss
free core means there will be no losses in transformer, no leakage reactance of transformer and also no winding
resistance of transformer.

Q. 10. In an ideal transformer the magnetizing current lags behind applied primary voltage by an angle

1. 90°.
2. 75°.
3. - 90°.
4. 45°.

Justification : Since in an ideal transformer the primary coil is purely inductive. It draws the magnetizing
current lags primary applied voltage by 90°.
Q. 11. In an ideal transformers primary and secondary induced emfs are

1. self induced emfs.

2. mutually induced emfs.
3. self and mutually induced emfs respectively.
4. mutually and self induced emfs respectively.

Justification : The changing flux in the core due to primary magnetizing current is linked with both the
windings. Therefore it produces self induced counter emf in the primary. As the changing flux produced by the
current in primary winding links with the secondary winding, the induced emf in the secondary winding is
mutually induced emf.
Q.12. The input power under no load condition of transformer consists of

1. core losses in transformer.

2. core losses and very small amount of copper loss in primary.
3. copper loss in transformers.
4. significant copper loss along with negligible core losses.
Justification : Ideally the output power under no load condition, gives only core losses in transformer but in
practice as the magnetizing current flows through the primary winding there will be a small amount of copper
loss in the winding due its resistance. This negligible amount of copper loss in transformer also be included in
input power under no load condition of the transformer.

Q. 13. In a transformer the coils of primary and secondary are placed concentrically to achieve

1. reduced leakage flux between primary and secondary winding.

2. reduced copper losses in the winding.
3. reduced insulation cost of the windings.
4. reduced voltage per turn in the winding.

Justification : If the primary and secondary windings are kept separate and widely spaced, there will be much
space for leakage flux. Leakage between primary and secondary could be eliminated if the winding could be
made to occupy the same space. This of course, is physically impossible, but an approximation to it achieved if
the coils of primary and secondary are placed concentrically.

Q.14. Iron loss in transformer can be determined by

1. short circuit test.

2. open circuit test.
3. both short circuit and open circuit tests.
4. none of the above.

Justification : In open circuit test the primary current drawn by the transformer is only its magnetizing current.
As the output of the transformer is open circuited there will be no load current in the windings hence the total
power indicated in the wattmeter connected to the input of transformer is mainly associated with the losses occur
in the core that is iron loss in transformer.

Q. 15. No load losses in a transformer can be minimized by using steel of

1. high silicon content and very thin lamination.

2. only high silicon content.
3. only very thin lamination.
4. low silicon content and very thin lamination.

Justification : The no load losses in transformer consist of hysteresis loss and eddy current loss. Hysteresis
loss can be minimized by using high content of silicon in steel and eddy current loss can be minimized by using
very thin lamination of that silicon steel.
Q. 16. Which of the following losses remain constant during normal operation of transformer?

1. Copper loss.
2. Stray loss.
3. Core loss.
4. All losses in transformer vary with load.

Justification : Core loss in transformer includes both hysteresis loss and eddy current loss. As the core flux in
a transformer remains practically constant at all loads, the core loss is also constant at all loads. The copper loss
is mainly due to ohmic resistance of transformer winding hence it varies with load current. Stray loss occurs in
the mechanical structure and winding conductor of a transformer due to stray fluxes. So it also depends upon
load. Hence only core loss of transformer remains constant during normal operation of transformer.

Q. 17. Which of the following losses varies with load in transformer?

1. Copper loss.
2. Hysteresis loss.
3. Eddy current loss.
4. All losses in transformer vary with load.

Justification : Core loss in transformer includes both hysteresis loss and eddy current loss. As the core flux in
a transformer remains practically constant at all loads, the core loss is also constant at all loads. The copper loss
is I2R loss in transformer mainly due to ohmic resistance of transformer winding hence it varies with load
current.

Q. 18. What will be the eddy current loss if the supply frequency of a transformer becomes double?

1. Eight times.
2. Four times.
3. Doubled.
4. Remains same.

Eddy Current loss in transformer is denoted as,

Justification : Where, Ke = eddy current constant, Kf = form factor. Hence apparently, the eddy current loss
Pe ∝ f2, but for any given voltage, if f decreases, Bm increases correspondingly and if f increases Bm decreases
correspondingly. Hence the eddy current loss Pe at any given voltage, is independent of frequency.
Q. 19. If the supply frequency of a transformer increases then output voltage of the transformer will

1. decrease.
2. increase proportionately.
3. remain same.
4. increases very rapidly.

Justification : If the supply voltage is fixed, then for all supply frequencies the induced voltage at primary and
secondary will remain same.

Q. 20. In a core type transformer

1. HV winding is placed nearer to the core limb.

2. LV winding is placed nearer to the core limb.
3. any of the LV or HV can be placed nearer to the core limb.
4. HV and LV windings are placed in different core limbs.

Justification : LV winding is wound on the limb first. Then HV winding is placed on it and there is an insulation
between LV and HV winding. In thin manner less amount of insulation needed. Also insulation between the
core and the inner winding is stressed to low voltage.