Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Introduction:
Sex ratio is defined as the number of females per 1000 men. It is a useful indicator
to understand women’s health and position in a society. India, along with china and
few other South Asian countries, has a deficit of females for a long period. Sex ratio
in India has declined over the past century from 972 in 1901 to 927 in 1991.
According to 2011 census there are 940 females per 1000 of males.
Body:
A number of reasons like poverty, illiteracy, culture and preference for male child
are held accountable for the continuous decline in the sex ratio.
According to a Youth in India report brought out by the ministry of statistics and
programme implementation, the sex ratio is declining steadily. It is projected to fall
to 898 by 2031. This could have serious repercussions.
The shortage of women has led to a sharp rise in violence against them. Likely
increase in crimes like trafficking and forced marriages.
This will lead to a situation where, apart from the ingrained son preference,
people don’t want girls all the more as they feel that it is difficult to keep them
safe. In a study done by the Centre for Social Research in Haryana, fear of
violence is a cause for female foeticide.
Male dominated society will lead to reinforcement of patriarchy.
The economic consequences are grave for this means that a huge proportion of
the productive population is missing (effect on agricultural sector) and also the
lack of women impairs the ability of men to work.
Further lowers political representation of women making it difficult to address
their concerns.
At global stage nation will be portrayed in bad light.
To address the issue Government of India has come out with initiatives to save girl
childlike Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao, meant for uplifting women in the sphere of
women’s education; Sukanya Samriddhi Account, meant to help families’ save for
their daughters. However, still lot needs to be done on this front as declining sex
ratio will have destabilizing effect socially, economically and politically.
Conclusion:
INTRODUCTION:
BODY
ತಿೀಮಾಥನ:
Bring out the significance of sustainable urban planning for Indian cities. What
have we missed out in its absence? Discuss.
Introduction
Currently, India’s nearly 30% population lives in urban areas and it is expected to
rise upto 50% by 2050. Being a developing country with a huge population pressure
India is facing many challenges due to rural to urban migration. To contain these
challanges and to make a proper trajectory towards new India, Sustainable urban
planning is an important aspect.
Body
Significance:
Safe drinking water: According to a report by NITI Ayog, 21 cities will run
out of groundwater by 2020. To avoid further worsening of such crisis we need
careful urban planning.
Affordable housing: One of the largest government programmes is to provide
affordable housing to citizens. Sustainable urban planning will help to manage
land resources in equitable way.
Urban sewage and solid waste management In India less than quarter of the
waste generated gets proper treatment. For rapidly growing urban
agglomerations we need planning to manage this rising challenge.
Transportation and communication: Sustainable urban planning will provide
efficient and eco-friendly public transport facilities to overpopulated urban cities
of India.
Sustainable urban planning will also help in equitable resources distribution
and affordable service delivery.
It will also help in creating sustainable environment and disaster
management.
Rise in Slums: Few of the Asia’s largest slums are in Delhi and Mumbai where
unplanned urbanisation led to polluted water, health issues and rising rate of
crimes.
Urban flooding: Floods in Mumbai and Chennai are examples of urban
flooding. These are results of unsustainable urbanisation.
Rising number of accidents: Fires in buildings and deaths in various urban
accidents are daily routine in Indian cities.
Degrading environment: According to WHO report, out of 20 most polluted
cities, 14 are in India.
Way forward
India needs to work on achieving the goals set by United Nations under SDG-
11 to be achieved by 2030.
Ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services
and upgrade slums, transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by
expanding public transport.
Give special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women and
children, persons with disabilities and older persons.
Significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and
substantially decrease the direct economic losses caused by disasters.
Reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by
paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste
management.
Provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public
spaces.
Support positive economic, social and environmental links between urban, peri-
urban and rural areas by strengthening national and regional development
planning
Substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and
implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource
efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters,
and develop and implement, in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk
Reduction.
INTRODUCTION
BODY
ಮಹತವ :
ಮಿಂದಕೆಾ ದಾರಿ
Introduction
Body
Intra-language social capital- People sharing same language tend to bond better
among themselves in comparison to those speaking other languages.
Increases tolerance- Diversity in languages as well as cultures have led to high
tolerance levels in India, which is the reason that despite huge diversity Indians
have peaceful co-existence.
Common root- Most of the Indian languages can be divided under Indo-Aryan
or Dravidian sharing a common language ancestry and thus despite being
different languages are not difficult to comprehend by other language speakers.
Adds to curiosity- People often encourage communication to get to know about
other languages and associated customs, this act as a bridging link in social
capital.
Sharing of traditional wisdom- Each language has its own rich literature and
associated traditional wisdom. Translation into other languages enriches the
entire society and acts as a way to social harmony.
Conclusion
Despite being a strong force behind integration, linguistic diversity is facing a threat
due to abandonment of rare languages and adoption of major languages. The
problem needs to be addressed at societal level, in which the communities have to
take part in conservation of language diversity that is part of cultural wealth.
INTRODUCTION
BODY
ತಿೀಮಾಥನ
Introduction:
Women in India make up 7.5% of the world’s total population. In spite of this the
representation of women in the level of policy making is abysmally low.The report
Women In Politics ranked India at 148 position in representation of women in
executive government.
Body
The budget allocated to projects concerning women are not a=utilised properly.
The government of India has taken positive steps to improve participation of women
in politics by providing 1/3 rd reservation in panchayats and local bodies.
Conclusion
Participation is often necessary for inclusive growth and women participation will
help India achieve more prosperity and increase in GDP, thus onus is on government
to encourage them to participate in decision making process.
INTRODUCTION:
BODY
ತಿೀಮಾಥನ
Introduction
Science speaks of materialistic values and physical reasons of existence and laws
governing it while religion looks beyond materialistic view into spiritual values with
experienced.
Example- Many priest has been scientist in past like Sushruta and Kannada rishi to
Aryabhatta.
Conclusion
Aristotle said virtues are mean state between extremes of excess and deficiency.
Religiosity brings brotherhood, compassion, piety, sobriety. However, must be
practiced with tolerance and compassion to not hinder scientific temperament.
Rightly said by Pope John Paul II “Science can make religion free of error and
superstition. Religion can make science free of idolatry and absolutism”.
INTRODUCTION
BODY
ವಿಜಾಾ ನವು ಭೌತಿಕ್ ಮೌಲಯ ಗಳನುು ಮತ್ತು ಅಸಿು ತವ ದ ಭೌತಿಕ್ ಕ್ಕರಣಗಳನುು ಮತ್ತು
ಆಡಳಿತ ನಡೆಸುತಿು ರುವ ಕ್ಕನ್ನನುಗಳ ಬಗೆಿ ಮಾತನಾಡುತ್ತು , ಧಾಮ್ಮಥಕ್
ದೃಷಿಟ ಕೊೀನವನುು ಮ್ಮೀರಿ ಧಾಮ್ಮಥಕ್ ದೃಷಿಟ ಕೊೀನವನುು ಮ್ಮೀರಿ ನೀಡಿದರೆ ಅನುಭವಿ
ಹಿಂದಿರುವ ಮೌಲಯ ಗಳು.
ತಿೀಮಾಥನ
ಅರಿಸ್ಥಟ ಟ್ಲುರ ಸದುಿ ಣಗಳು ಅತಿಯಾದ ಮತ್ತು ಕೊರತೆಯ ವಿಪ್ರಿೀತತೆಯ ನಡುವಿನ ಸಿಾ ತಿ
ಎಿಂದು ಹೇಳಿದಾಾ ರೆ. ಧಾಮ್ಮಥಕ್ತೆ ಸಹೀದರತವ , ಸಹಾನುಭ್ರತಿ, ಧಮಥನಿಷೆಾ ,
ಸಮಚತು ತೆಯನುು ತರುತು ದೆ. ಆದಾಗ್ಯಯ , ವೈಜಾಾ ನಿಕ್ ಮನೀಭಾವವನುು
ತಡೆಗಟಟ ವುದಕೆಾ ಸಹಿಷ್ಟು ತೆ ಮತ್ತು ಸಹಾನುಭ್ರತಿಯಿಂದಿಗೆ ಅಭಾಯ ಸ ಮಾಡಬೇಕು.
ಪೀಪ್ ಜಾನ್ ಪಾಲ್ II ರವರು ನೇರವ್ಯಗಿ ಹೇಳಿದಾಾ ರೆ "ವಿಜಾಾ ನವು ಧಮಥ ಮತ್ತು
ಮೂಢನಂಬಕೆಗಳನುು ಮಕ್ು ಗೊಳಿಸುತು ದೆ. ಧಮಥವು ವೈರತವ ಮತ್ತು
ನಿರಂಕುಶಾಧಿಕ್ಕರದಿಿಂದ ಮಕ್ು ವ್ಯಗಬಹುದು ".
Introduction:
Conclusion:
INTRODUCTION:
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ತಿೀಮಾಥನ:
Why does communalism remain a potent political tool in 21st century India?
Why haven’t forces of development overcome communal factors? Analyse.
Background
This is a peculiarly Indian or South Asian, meaning that is different from the sense
of the ordinary English word.
Communalism in India
Even though Socio economic conditions of India have improved but still there
are many challenges in front of Indian society, which are becoming threat for its
diversity.
Population, Poverty, illiteracy and unemployment create a lot of compulsions,
especially before younger generation.
Many from younger generation who are unemployed and are in a state of
poverty, get involved in the evil like communalism.
External elements (including non-state actors) also have a role in worsening the
problem of communalism, and making it serious.
Conclusion:
We had instances of religious, cultural, regional or ethnic conflict they can be found
in almost every phase of our history. But we should not forget that we also have a
long tradition of religious pluralism, ranging from peaceful co-existence to actual
inter-mixing or syncretism. This syncretic heritage is clearly evident in the
devotional songs and poetry of the Bhakti and Sufi movements.
21 ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಭಾರತದಲಿ ಕೊೀಮವ್ಯದವು ಏಕೆ ಪ್ರ ಬಲ ರಾಜಕ್ಷೀಯ
ಸ್ಥಧನವ್ಯಗಿ ಉಳಿದಿದೆ? ಅಭವೃದಿಧ ಯ ಪ್ಡೆಗಳು ಕೊೀಮವ್ಯದದ
ಅಿಂಶಗಳನುು ಏಕೆ ಹರಬರುವುದಿಲಿ ? ವಿಶ್ಿ ೀಷಿಸು.
ಹಿನೆು ಲೆ
ಭಾರತದಲಿ ಕೊೀಮವ್ಯದಿ
ತಿೀಮಾಥನ:
What are the characteristics of a secular society? How does India perform on
the yardsticks of secularism? Examine.
Introduction
Secularism as a Western concept is defined as separation of powers of church and
state. In context of other societies, it is near-complete freedom of religion and lack
of authority of religious leaders over political matters.
Body
Performance of India:
Conclusion
Indian secularism is sometimes criticized for being interventionist, but it is this
intervention that has helped maintain a balance in society. Political masters need to
look beyond vote bank and step forward to undertake some long due religious
reforms.
INTRODUCTION
ಪಾಶಿಚ ಮಾತಯ ಪ್ರಿಕ್ಲಿ ನೆಯಾಗಿ ಜಾತಯ ತಿೀತತೆ ಎನುು ವುದು ಚಚ್ಥ ಮತ್ತು
ರಾಜಯ ದ ಅಧಿಕ್ಕರಗಳ ವಿಭಜನೆ ಎಿಂದು ವ್ಯಯ ಖ್ಯಯ ನಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಇತರ
ಸಮಾಜಗಳ ಸನಿು ವೇಶದಲಿ , ಅದು ರಾಜಕ್ಷೀಯ ವಿಷ್ಯಗಳ ಮೇಲೆ
ಧಮಥದ ಸಂಪೂಣಥ ಸ್ಥವ ತಂತರ ಯ ಮತ್ತು ಧಾಮ್ಮಥಕ್ ನಾಯಕ್ರ
ಅಧಿಕ್ಕರವನುು ಹಿಂದಿಲಿ .
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ಭಾರತದ ಸ್ಥಧನೆ:
ರಾಜಯ ಮತ್ತು ಧಮಥದ ನಡುವ ಯಾವುದೇ ಸಿ ಷ್ಟ ವ್ಯದ ಭನು ತೆಗಳಿಲಿ -
ಅವರು ಮಾನವ ಹಕುಾ ಗಳನುು ಒಳಗೊಿಂಡಿರುವ ಸಂದಭಥದಲಿ ಧಾಮ್ಮಥಕ್
ವಿಷ್ಯಗಳಲಿ ರಾಜಯ ವು ಮಧಯ ಪ್ರ ವೇಶಿಸುತು ದೆ, ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗೆ ಅಸಿ ೃಶಯ ತೆ
ಮತ್ತು ಟ್ಟರ ಪ್ಲ್ ತಲಾಖ್ ಮಸೂದೆ ಅಿಂಗಿೀಕ್ಕರವನುು ನಿಷೇಧಿಸುವುದು.
ತಿೀಮಾಥನ
What are the tools of social empowerment? How does social empowerment
lead to social justice? Discuss.
Introduction
Body
1. Various acts and policies to tackle discrimination and corruption: Ex: SC/ST act
which empowers the weaker section of society to speak against their
perpetrators. RTI act empowers them to seek information.
2. Institutional safeguards: In order to ensure the rights guaranteed by constitution
are enforced commissions like NCW, NCM work on complaints and investigate
matter.
3. International bodies like UN: SDG goals which stress around holistic
development in the form of elimination of poverty, universal access to health
care, education, and housing.
4. Specific schemes by Government: Schemes like Stand up India, Skill India, and
Make in India focus on empowering the weaker sections.
5. Pressure groups: Various pressure groups and NGOs have often helped in
empowerment and bring about substantial change.
6. Role of mass and social media: Media has been helpful by providing a voice to
weaker section of society by highlighting their plights and demands.
For India to become a developed nation social empowerment of its weaker sections
need to be fastened and efforts are constantly taken to achieve the same through
various policies and initiatives.
INTRODUCTION
Introduction
World Trade Organization was established in January 1995. The member countries
including India involved themselves in globalization through WTO. Initially the
World Trade Agreement of 1994 brought agriculture within its policy framework.
The obligations and disciplines incorporated in the agreement which seek to reform
trade in agriculture and provide the basis for market-oriented policies on agriculture.
Government had to introduce reforms in agricultural sector too. Reforms in
agricultural policies were felt necessary for achieving trade liberalization in the
agricultural sector.
Body
1. A) Positive Consequences-
5) Reduction in poverty-
India’s prior concern is to remove poverty, which is worse than death, and if India
makes efforts, globalization can be a key to get rid of it. Moreover, the percentage
of people below the poverty line has been decreasing progressively, from 36 percent
in 1993-94 to 21.9 percent in 2004-05.
1. B) Negative Consequences-
2. Vicious debt trap and farmers suicides-
The National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) Report 2005 indicates that 1 in
2 farm households are in debt and only 10 per cent of the debt was incurred for non-
production purposes. Also, 32.7 per cent of farmers still depend on money lenders.
The National Crime Records Bureau reports that between 1997-2005 1,56,562
farmers committed suicide. Nearly 60% of them took place in the 4 progressive
states, viz., Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh. More
than 20 per cent of suicides have taken place in Karnataka.
2. Migration of labours-
For the Indian farmer, who is already paralyzed by low productivity and lack of
postharvest storage facilities has resulted in heavy loss of produce and revenue. It is
only because of low tariff in imports due to liberalized import duties which came as
a bombshell. The domestic farmer could not stand the competitiveness of
international market, which has resulted in migration of labor from agriculture to
other industrial activities.
Trade agreements now forbid most subsidies excepted for agricultural goods. This
depresses incomes of those farmers in the developing countries who do not get
subsidies.
4) Lessening international competitiveness –
Immediately after globalization Indian rupee was devaluate by 25% and Indian
crops became very cheap and attractive in the global market, which led Indian
farmer for export and encouraged them to shift from growing a mixture of traditional
crops to export oriented ‘cash crops’ like chilli, cotton and tobacco. These need far
more inputs of pesticides, fertilizers and water than the traditional crops require. It
automatically increased Fertilizer and pesticide prices by 300%.
Pre liberalization, subsidized electricity policy helped farmers to keep the costs of
production low. The electricity costs increased dramatically when farmers turned to
the cultivation of cash crops, which needed more water, hence, more water pumps
were needed and there was higher consumption of electricity. Andhra Pradesh being
traditionally drought prone, the situation further worsened. In Andhra Pradesh tariff
was increased 5 times between 1998 and 2003. This caused huge, unsustainable
losses for the Andhra Pradesh State Electricity Board, so it increased the electricity
tariff.
7) Price crash-
As per reforms of WTO, Indian government removed import tariffs and duties.
Earlier these were working as cushion to protect and encourage domestic producers.
By 2001, India completely removed restrictions on imports of almost 1,500 items
including food. As a result, cheap imports flooded the market, pushing prices of
crops like cotton and pepper down. As a result, most of the farmers committing
suicides in Maharashtra were concentrated in the cotton belt till 2003 (after which
paddy farmers followed the suicide trend).
Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
ಜಾಗತಿಕ್ ವ್ಯಯ ಪಾರ ಸಂರ್ಟ್ನೆಯು ಜನವರಿ 1995 ರಲಿ ಸ್ಥಾ ಪಿಸಲಿ ಟ್ಟಟ ತ್ತ.
ಭಾರತ ಸೇರಿದಂತೆ ಸದಸಯ ರಾಷ್ಟ ರ ಗಳು ಜಾಗತಿಕ್ ಮಟ್ಟ ದಲಿ ತಮಿ ನುು
WTO ಮೂಲಕ್ ತಡಗಿಸಿಕೊಿಂಡವು. ಆರಂಭದಲಿ 1994 ರ ವಿಶವ ವ್ಯಣಿಜಯ
ಒಪ್ಿ ಿಂದವು ಅದರ ನಿೀತಿ ಚೌಕ್ಟ್ಟಟ ನಳಗೆ ಕೃಷಿಯನುು ತಂದಿತ್ತ.
ಕೃಷಿಯಲಿ ವ್ಯಯ ಪಾರವನುು ಸುಧಾರಿಸಲು ಮತ್ತು ಕೃಷಿಯ ಮೇಲೆ
ಮಾರುಕ್ಟೆಟ ಯ-ಆಧಾರಿತ ನಿೀತಿಯ ಆಧಾರವನುು ಒದಗಿಸುವ
ಒಪ್ಿ ಿಂದದಲಿ ಸಂಯೀಜಿಸಲಿ ಟ್ಟ ಕ್ಟಟ ಪಾಡುಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ವಿಭಾಗಗಳು.
ಕೃಷಿ ವಲಯದಲಿ ಸಕ್ಕಥರ ಸುಧಾರಣೆಗಳನುು ಪ್ರಿಚಯಸಬೇಕ್ಕಯತ್ತ.
ಕೃಷಿ ಕೆಿ ೀತರ ಗಳಲಿ ನ ವ್ಯಯ ಪಾರ ಉದಾರಿೀಕ್ರಣ ಸ್ಥಧಿಸಲು ಕೃಷಿ ನಿೀತಿಯ
ಸುಧಾರಣೆಗಳು ಅಗತಯ ವಿಂದು ಭಾವಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ.
BODY
1. ಎ) ಧನಾತಿ ಕ್ ಪ್ರಿಣಾಮಗಳು-
5) ಬಡತನದಲಿ ಕ್ಡಿತ-
1. ಬ) ನಕ್ಕರಾತಿ ಕ್ ಪ್ರಿಣಾಮಗಳು-
2. ಕ್ಕಮ್ಮಥಕ್ರ ವಲಸೆ-
7) ಬೆಲೆ ಕುಸಿತ-
Introduction:
The term feminization of agriculture has become a common scenario in rural parts
of country due to migration of men to urban areas in search of blue collared jobs in
factories and industrial units. This has increased participation of women in
agriculture and rural economic activities.
Body:
Wage parity.
Menial jobs.
Sexual exploitation.
Lack of access to formal credit.
Physical stress: Due to physical labour.
Double burden: Family and work.
Maternity issues.
Health issues due to hard work and work under dangerous conditions.
Way forward:
Wage parity: Brining wage parity i.e. equal pay for equal work irrespective of
gender.
Formal work: Gram Sabha providing employment to women under MGNREGA
and other schemes like ASHA etc.
Feminization of tools: Feminization of agricultural tools i.e. making them
women user friendly.
Formal credit: Making availability of formal credit without any guarantee since
they lack any property or lands under their name.
Marketing facility: Providing marketing facility to women produce.
KVK: Opening krishi Vigyan Kendra at every Zilla panchayat level to address
and train them.
Collective farming by women: This is reduce any kind of exploitation be it
sexual or physical by men or outsiders.
INTRODUCTION:
BODY
• ವೇತನ ಸಮಾನತೆ.
• ಮೆನುಯ ವಲ್ ಉದ್ಯ ೀಗಗಳು.
• ಲಿಂಗಿಕ್ ಶೀಷ್ಣೆ.
• ಔಪ್ಚಾರಿಕ್ ಕೆರ ಡಿಟೆಿ ಪ್ರ ವೇಶವಿಲಿ ದಿರುವುದು.
• ದೈಹಿಕ್ ಒತು ಡ: ಭೌತಿಕ್ ಕ್ಕಮ್ಮಥಕ್ ಕ್ಕರಣ.
• ಡಬಲ್ ಹರೆ: ಕುಟಿಂಬ ಮತ್ತು ಕೆಲಸ.
• ಹೆರಿಗೆ ಸಮಸೆಯ ಗಳು.
• ಹಾಡ್ಥ ಕೆಲಸ ಮತ್ತು ಅಪಾಯಕ್ಕರಿ ಪ್ರಿಸಿಾ ತಿಗಳ ಅಡಿಯಲಿ ಕೆಲಸ
ಮಾಡುವ ಆರೀಗಯ ಸಮಸೆಯ ಗಳು.
Introduction
Body
Education communication and information (EIC) are the best tools to bring a
social change. There should be behavioral change that all human being deserve
equal treatment mainly because of their common ‘humanity’.
Inter-caste marriages should be promoted to break the age-old barriers of caste
and creed. The liquidity among social strata will automatically eliminate social
discrimination.
Stringent implementation of Schedule Caste and Schedule tribe (Prevention of
Atrocities) Act; Legal protection will help these communities to fearlessly
establish themselves as equals.
Creamy layer concept can be introduced, as suggested by Supreme Court, to
make reservation benefits reach to those who actually deserve it.
Initiatives like Standup India should also be specifically focused, because
social and economic mobility goes hand in hand.
Conclusion
Over the years, much progress has been made in Independent India. Millions of
people have risen from extreme poverty, fewer are malnourished, people expect to
live longer and more children go to school than ever before. Still, Many challenges
remain, and exclusion—can be called inequality, or lack of opportunity or merely
a continuation of basic deprivation —has led to political debates and upheavals.
But there is need of ‘will’ of leaders as well as members of the society to end this
menace of social discrimination.
INTRODUCTION
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ತಿೀಮಾಥನ
3. off late it has been seen that juveniles are involved in many heinous crimes
but are getting away without any harsh punishment due to their age. Do you
think the age of juveniles should be reduced to 16 from 18? If not, what
measures should be taken to reform the youth?
Introduction:
Recently the central government passed an act to treat juveniles in age of 16-18
involved in heinous crimes to be tried as adults. This is was done as off late juveniles
in that age group are involved in many heinous crimes but get off without any harsh
punishments.
Body:
Maturity: Youths are getting maturity at an earlier age now than previous
generation and are aware of consequences.
Deterrence: Reducing age will act as deterrence for future.
High crime: Majority of them are involved in heinous crimes and commit the
gravest of offences with no remorse.
No fear: Also they are aware about the law being loose on them makes them do
it without any fear of getting punished.
Awareness: Many child rights activists point out that they lack maturity and
awareness about the degree of crime being committed.
Used: It is also cited that several juveniles are used by handlers and they are not
aware of the consequences.
Hardened criminals: It might make them hardened criminals in future if they are
not given a chance to reform.
Measures:
Moral education.
Interaction with counsellors.
Noticing the change in their behaviour at school level or college level and
keeping a track of their activities.
Parents involvement in their everyday life.
Encouraging joint family system: Majority of the juveniles feel left out due to
nuclear family and non-availability of emotional support and love during tender
age which drags them towards crime.
Restriction on contents in print and social media: Crime related content and
sexual contents should be filters.
Conclusion:
INTRODUCTION:
ಇತಿು ೀಚೆಗೆ ಕಿಂದಿರ ೀಯ ಸಕ್ಕಥರ 16-18 ವಯಸಾ ರಿಗೆ ವಯಸಾ ರಂತೆ
ಪ್ರ ಯತಿು ಸಲು ಭಾರಿ ಅಪ್ರಾಧಗಳಲಿ ತಡಗಿರುವ ಬ್ದಲಕ್ಷಯರನುು
ಚಕ್ಷತೆಾ ಗ್ರಗಿ ಒಿಂದು ಕ್ಕನ್ನನನುು ಜಾರಿಗೊಳಿಸಿತ್ತ. ಆ ವಯಸಿಾ ನ ಗುಿಂಪಿನ
ಅನೇಕ್ ಬ್ದಲಾಪ್ರಾಧಗಳಲಿ ತಡಗಿರುವ ಅಿಂತಯ ದ
ಬ್ದಲಾಪ್ರಾಧಿಗಳಂತೆಯೇ ಇದನುು ಮಾಡಲಾಗಿದೆ ಆದರೆ ಯಾವುದೇ ಕ್ಠಿಣ
ಶಿಕೆಿ ಯಲಿ ದೆ ಹೀಗುತ್ತು ರೆ.
BODY
ಬ್ದಲಕ್ಷಯರ ವಯಸಾ ನುು ಕ್ಡಿಮೆ ಮಾಡಬೇಕು:
• ಮೆಚ್ಯಯ ರಿಟ್ಟ: ಯುವಜನರು ಮಿಂಚನ ವಯಸಿಾ ನಲೆಿ ೀ ಮಿಂಚನ
ವಯಸಿಾ ನಲಿ ಪ್ರಿಪ್ಕ್ವ ತೆಯನುು ಪ್ಡೆಯುತಿು ದಾಾ ರೆ ಮತ್ತು ಪ್ರಿಣಾಮಗಳ
ಬಗೆಿ ತಿಳಿದಿದಾಾ ರೆ.
• ತಡೆಗಟಟ ವಿಕೆ: ವಯಸಾ ನುು ಕ್ಡಿಮೆ ಮಾಡುವುದು ಭವಿಷ್ಯ ಕ್ಕಾ ಗಿ
ತಡೆಗಟಟ ವಂತೆ ಕ್ಕಯಥನಿವಥಹಿಸುತು ದೆ.
• ಉನು ತ ಅಪ್ರಾಧ: ಅವುಗಳಲಿ ಬಹುಪಾಲು ಜನರು ಅಪ್ರಾಧ
ಅಪ್ರಾಧಗಳಲಿ ಭಾಗಿಯಾಗಿದಾಾ ರೆ ಮತ್ತು ಯಾವುದೇ ವಿಷ್ಯದವಿಲಿ ದೆ
ಅಪ್ರಾಧದ ಅಪ್ರಾಧವನುು ಮಾಡುತ್ತು ರೆ.
• ಭಯವಿಲಿ : ಅವರು ಶಿಕೆಿ ಗೆ ಒಳಗ್ರಗುವ ಯಾವುದೇ ಭಯವಿಲಿ ದೆಯೇ
ಅವರ ಮೇಲೆ ಸಡಿಲವ್ಯಗಿರುವ ಕ್ಕನ್ನನಿನ ಬಗೆಿ ಅವರಿಗೆ ತಿಳಿದಿದೆ.
ಅವರು ಇರಬ್ದರದು:
ಕ್ರ ಮಗಳು:
• ನೈತಿಕ್ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ.
• ಸಲಹಾಕ್ಕರರಿಂದಿಗೆ ಸಂವಹನ.
• ಶಾಲಾ ಮಟ್ಟ ದಲಿ ಅರ್ವ್ಯ ಕ್ಕಲೇಜು ಮಟ್ಟ ದಲಿ ಅವರ ನಡವಳಿಕೆ
ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮತ್ತು ಅವರ ಚಟವಟ್ಟಕೆಗಳ ಟಾರ ಯ ಕ್ ಅನುು
ಗಮನಿಸುತಿು ರುವುದು.
• ದೈನಂದಿನ ಜಿೀವನದಲಿ ಪಾಲಕ್ರು ಪಾಲ್ಗಿ ಳುಳ ತ್ತು ರೆ.
• ಜಂಟ್ಟ ಕುಟಿಂಬ ವಯ ವಸೆಾ ಯನುು ಪರ ೀತ್ತಾ ಹಿಸುವುದು: ಅಲಿ
ಕುಟಿಂಬದ ಕ್ಕರಣದಿಿಂದಾಗಿ ಬ್ದಲಾಪ್ರಾಧಿಯ ಬಹುಪಾಲು ಜನರು
ಅನೌಪ್ಚಾರಿಕ್ ಕುಟಿಂಬದ ಕ್ಕರಣದಿಿಂದಾಗಿ ಹರಗುಳಿಯುತ್ತು ರೆ
ಮತ್ತು ಭಾವನಾತಿ ಕ್ ಬೆಿಂಬಲ ಮತ್ತು ಪಿರ ೀತಿಯ ಲಭಯ ತೆಯು ಟೆಿಂಡರ್
ಯುಗದಲಿ ಅಪ್ರಾಧದ ಕ್ಡೆಗೆ ಎಳೆಯುತು ದೆ.
• ಮದರ ಣ ಮತ್ತು ಸ್ಥಮಾಜಿಕ್ ಮಾಧಯ ಮದಲಿ ನ ವಿಷ್ಯಗಳ ಮೇಲನ
ನಿಬಥಿಂಧ: ಅಪ್ರಾಧ ಸಂಬಂಧಿತ ವಿಷ್ಯ ಮತ್ತು ಲಿಂಗಿಕ್ ವಿಷ್ಯಗಳು
ಫಿಲಟ ಗಥಳಾಗಿರಬೇಕು.
2. You must have observed transgenders begging on the traffic signal and doing
demeaning jobs. Do you think giving them status of a third gender will improve
this situation? What more steps can be taken to improve their social condition?
Introduction
Transgender is one of the most discriminated communities accross the world.
Recently, Lok Sabha passed a bill seeking to empower the transgender community
by providing them a separate identity.
Body
Briefly about Transgender in India
Identity: Every human being has an identity which is dear to them. Similarly,
Third gender status will give transgender community a definite identity in the
society.
Access to public services: Health, education, voting rights, and access to
several other services becomes difficult when a person refuses to accept one of
the two “widely accepted” identities of male or female. Now, a third gender
identity will help them to avail those services which are available equally to
all.
Employment opportunities: A socially acceptable and legally protected status
will help the community members to seek any employment just as other
members of the society.
Rights and empowerment: Legal protection of their identity will help them to
demand opportunities and practice their rights.
Provision of self determination of gender: Laws and society should not define
the gender identity of individuals, rather individuals should be given freedom to
decide their own identities.
Civil rights: Of the community and individuals should be protected under law.
Atrocities against them should be dealt seriously.
Conclusion
The need of the hour is a robust Bill with strong anti-discrimination provisions
that will remedy the historical injustices faced by the transgender community,
which continues to fight for the most basic rights even today.
There is much good intention behind the welfare provisions, but social
legislation is much more than high-minded clauses. It needs to be followed up
with zealous implementation and framing of deadlines to achieve specific
objectives.
A multi-pronged approach is needed on a war footing in the form of mass
awareness campaigns, generating avenues for dignified employment, gender
sensitisation and affirmative action.
2. ನಿೀವು ಟಾರ ಫಿಕ್ ಸಿಗು ಲು ಲಿ ಬೇಡಿಕೊಿಂಡಾಗ ಟಾರ ನೆಾ ಿ ಿಂಡಗಥಳು ಮತ್ತು ವತಿಥಸುವ
ಕೆಲಸಗಳನುು ಮಾಡುತಿು ದಿಾ ೀರಿ. ಮೂರನೇ ಲಿಂಗದ ಸಿಾ ತಿಯನುು ನಿೀಡುವ ಮೂಲಕ್ ಈ
ಪ್ರಿಸಿಾ ತಿಯನುು ಸುಧಾರಿಸುವಿರಿ ಎಿಂದು ನಿೀವು ಯೀಚಸುತಿು ೀರಾ? ತಮಿ ಸ್ಥಮಾಜಿಕ್
ಸಿಾ ತಿಯನುು ಸುಧಾರಿಸಲು ಯಾವ ಕ್ರ ಮಗಳನುು ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಳಳ ಬಹುದು?
INTRODUCTION
ಪ್ರ ಪಂಚದಾದಯ ಿಂತ ಹೆಚ್ಚಚ ತ್ತರತಮಯ ದ ಸಮದಾಯಗಳಲಿ ಟಾರ ನೆಾ ಿ ಿಂಡರ್ ಒಿಂದಾಗಿದೆ.
ಇತಿು ೀಚೆಗೆ, ಲ್ಗೀಕ್ಸಭೆಯು ಟಾರ ನೆಾ ಿ ಿಂಡರ್ ಸಮದಾಯವನುು ಪ್ರ ತೆಯ ೀಕ್ ಗುರುತನುು
ನಿೀಡುವ ಮೂಲಕ್ ಅಧಿಕ್ಕರ ನಿೀಡುವಂತೆ ಮಸೂದೆಯಿಂದನುು ಜಾರಿಗೊಳಿಸಿತ್ತ.
BODY
• ಕ್ಳೆದ ಎಣಿಕೆ (2011) ಪ್ರ ಕ್ಕರ ಸರಿಸುಮಾರಾಗಿ 4,90,000 ಸಂಖ್ಯಯ ಯನುು ಹಿಂದಿದುಾ ,
ಭಾರತದಲಿ ಟಾರ ನೆಾ ಿ ಿಂಡರ್ ಜನರು ಬಹುಶಃ ದೇಶದಲಿ ಕ್ಕಣಿಸಿಕೊಳುಳ ವ ಅದೃಶಯ
ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯಯ ಯಲಿ ಒಿಂದಾಗಿದೆ.
• ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ್ವ್ಯಗಿ, ಭಾರತಿೀಯ ಸಮಾಜವು ವೈವಿಧಯ ಮಯ ಲಿಂಗಿಕ್ ಗುರುತ್ತಗಳು
ಮತ್ತು ಲಿಂಗಿಕ್ ವತಥನೆಗಳ ಸಹಿಷ್ಟು ತೆಯನುು ಹಿಂದಿದೆ. ಹೇಗ್ರದರೂ, ದೇಶದಲಿ
ಹೆಚ್ಚಚ ಸ್ಥಮಾಜಿಕ್-ಆರ್ಥಥಕ್ವ್ಯಗಿ ಅಿಂಚನಲಿ ರುವ ಸಮದಾಯಗಳಲಿ ಒಿಂದಾಗಿ
ಟಾರ ನೆಾ ಿ ಿಂಡರ್ ಜನರು ಹೆಚ್ಚಚ ಗುರುತಿಸಲಿ ಟ್ಟಟ ದಾಾ ರೆ.
• ಸ್ಥಮಾನಯ ವ್ಯಗಿ ಸಮಾಜಕೆಾ ಬೆದರಿಕೆಯಾಗಿ ದೂರವಿರುವ್ಯಗ, ಅವರು ಬೀದಿಗಳಲಿ
ಮತ್ತು ಸಾ ಳಗಳಲಿ ಮಾತರ ಕ್ಕಣ್ಣತ್ತು ರೆ, ಅಲಿ ಅವರು ಎಿಂದಿಗ್ಯ ಮಖಯ ವ್ಯಹಿನಿಯ
ಭಾಗವ್ಯಗಿ ಬೇಡಿಕೊಳುಳ ತ್ತು ರೆ.
• ಅವರು ಸ್ಥಮಾಜಿಕ್ ಬಹಿಷ್ಯಾ ರದ ತಿೀವರ ಸವ ರೂಪ್ಗಳಿಗೆ ಮತ್ತು ಮೂಲ ರ್ನತೆ ಮತ್ತು
ಮಾನವ ಹಕುಾ ಗಳಿಿಂದ ಹರಗಿಡುತ್ತು ರೆ. ಅವರು ಲಿಂಗ ಆಧಾರಿತ ಹಿಿಂಸ್ಥಚಾರಕೆಾ
ಹೆಚ್ಚಚ ದುಬಥಲರಾಗಿದಾಾ ರೆ.
• ಗುರುತ್ತ: ಪ್ರ ತಿಯಬಬ ಮನುಷ್ಯ ನಿಗೆ ಅವರಿಗೆ ಪಿರ ಯವ್ಯದ ಗುರುತನುು ಹಿಂದಿದೆ.
ಅಿಂತೆಯೇ, ಮೂರನೇ ಲಿಂಗ ಸಿಾ ತಿ ಸಮಾಜದಲಿ ಟಾರ ನೆಾ ಿ ಿಂಡರ್ ಸಮದಾಯಕೆಾ
ಒಿಂದು ನಿದಿಥಷ್ಟ ವ್ಯದ ಗುರುತನುು ನಿೀಡುತು ದೆ.
• ಸ್ಥವಥಜನಿಕ್ ಸೇವಗಳಿಗೆ ಪ್ರ ವೇಶ: ಪುರುಷ್ರು ಅರ್ವ್ಯ ಹೆಣ್ಣು ಇಬಬ ರು "ವ್ಯಯ ಪ್ಕ್ವ್ಯಗಿ
ಅಿಂಗಿೀಕ್ರಿಸಲಿ ಟ್ಟ " ಗುರುತ್ತಗಳಲಿ ಒಬಬ ನನುು ಸಿವ ೀಕ್ರಿಸಲು ನಿರಾಕ್ರಿಸಿದಾಗ
ಆರೀಗಯ , ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ, ಮತದಾನದ ಹಕುಾ ಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಇತರ ಸೇವಗಳಿಗೆ ಪ್ರ ವೇಶಿಸುವುದು
ಕ್ಷ್ಟ ವ್ಯಗುತು ದೆ. ಈಗ, ಮೂರನೇ ಲಿಂಗ ಗುರುತಿಸುವಿಕೆ ಎಲಿ ರಿಗ್ಯ ಸಮಾನವ್ಯಗಿ
ಲಭಯ ವಿರುವ ಆ ಸೇವಗಳನುು ಪ್ಡೆದುಕೊಳಳ ಲು ಅವರಿಗೆ ಸಹಾಯ ಮಾಡುತು ದೆ.
• ಉದ್ಯ ೀಗ್ರವಕ್ಕಶಗಳು: ಸ್ಥಮಾಜಿಕ್ವ್ಯಗಿ ಸಿವ ೀಕ್ಕರಾಹಥ ಮತ್ತು ಕ್ಕನ್ನನುಬದಧ ವ್ಯಗಿ
ರಕ್ಷಿ ತವ್ಯಗಿರುವ ಸಿಾ ತಿ ಸಮಾಜದ ಇತರ ಸದಸಯ ರಂತೆ ಯಾವುದೇ ಉದ್ಯ ೀಗವನುು
ಪ್ಡೆಯಲು ಸಮದಾಯದ ಸದಸಯ ರಿಗೆ ಸಹಾಯ ಮಾಡುತು ದೆ.
• ಹಕುಾ ಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಸಬಲೀಕ್ರಣ: ತಮಿ ಗುರುತನುು ಕ್ಕನ್ನನು ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ತಮಿ
ಹಕುಾ ಗಳನುು ಅಭಾಯ ಸ ಮತ್ತು ಅಭಾಯ ಸ ಮಾಡಲು ಸಹಾಯ ಮಾಡುತು ದೆ.
ಟಾರ ನೆಾ ಿ ಿಂಡರ್ ವ್ಯಯ ಖ್ಯಯ ನ: ಸಮದಾಯ ಮತ್ತು ಅದರ ವಯ ಕ್ಷು ಗಳ ಸೂಕ್ಷಿ ವ್ಯದ ವ್ಯಯ ಖ್ಯಯ ನ
ಇರಬೇಕು. ಲ್ಗೀಕ್ಸಭೆಯಿಂದ ಅಿಂಗಿೀಕ್ರಿಸಲಿ ಟ್ಟ ಬಲು ಲಿ ಟಾರ ನೆಾ ಿ ಿಂಡನಥ ಸೂಕ್ಷಿ ವಲಿ ದ
ವ್ಯಯ ಖ್ಯಯ ನ ವಯ ಕ್ಷು ಗಳಿಗೆ ರ್ನತೆ ಮತ್ತು ಗೌರವದ ವಿರುದಧ ವ್ಯಗಿದೆ.
ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ಮತ್ತು ಉದ್ಯ ೀಗದಲಿ ಮ್ಮೀಸಲಾತಿ: ಇದು ಸಮಾಜದಲಿ ಆರ್ಥಥಕ್ ಮತ್ತು ಸ್ಥಮಾಜಿಕ್
ಪ್ರ ಗತಿಯನುು ಸ್ಥಧಿಸಲು ಸಹಾಯ ಮಾಡುತು ದೆ ಮತ್ತು ಇತರ ಸದಸಯ ರು ಮಾಡಿದಂತೆಯೇ
ಅದನುು ಸಮಾನವ್ಯಗಿ ಕೊಡುಗೆ ನಿೀಡುತು ದೆ.
ನಾಗರಿಕ್ ಹಕುಾ ಗಳು: ಸಮದಾಯ ಮತ್ತು ವಯ ಕ್ಷು ಗಳ ಕ್ಕನ್ನನಿನಡಿಯಲಿ ರಕ್ಷಿ ಸಬೇಕು. ಅವರ
ವಿರುದಧ ದೌಜಥನಯ ಗಳು ಗಂಭೀರವ್ಯಗಿ ವಯ ವಹರಿಸಬೇಕು.
ತಿೀಮಾಥನ