COLLEGE OF SCIENCES, TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION Inc.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW ABOUT RELATED LETERATURE AND STUDIES

RELATED LIERATURE
FOREIGN LITERATURE

A mobile phone is a phone that can make and receive telephone calls over a radio link while
moving around a wide geographic area. It does so by connecting to a cellular network provided by a
mobile phone operator, allowing access to the public telephone network. In addition, modern phones also
support wide range variety of other services such as text messaging, MMS, email, internet access, short
range wireless communications (Infrared, Bluetooth, business applications, gaming and photography.)1

The purpose of this study was to determine if cell phones can be used as learning tools by
accessing the internet, using them as a calculator, and searching the dictionary in order to positively affect
classroom grades. Relevant literature from various sources of information were used to provide insight as
to why using electronic discusses both negative and positive attributes of using electronic devices, such as
cell phones as an instruction.

Dietz and Henrich (2014) found that since the increase of technology in the classroom (e.g., use
of cell phones), there has been an increased report of a decline in overall grades and decrease in seat
work. Using cell phones in the classroom has been connected with lower recall and a decrease in student
satisfaction with instruction. Comprehension has also lessened when students use electronic devices for
non-education purposes.2

Chandler-olcott and Mahar (2003) believe classrooms that integrate technology within everyday
social learning environments will gain potential to promote more academically related interest within the
school.3

1
O. Akinwale (2010) “THE EFFECT OF MOBILE PHONES ON STUDENTS' ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE”
http://www.academia.edu/29026191/
2
Dietz and Henrich (2014) “EFFECT OF STUDENT CLASSROOM CELL PHONE USAGE ON TEACHERS”
http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1915
3
Chandler-olcott and Mahar (2003) http://digitalcommons.odu.edu/ots
 COLLEGE OF SCIENCES, TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION Inc.

Javaid et al. (2011) conducted a study on University students and use this splendid mobile
technology in a better way by sharing helpful information with their class fellows and teachers.4

ALBANY, N.Y. (2016), is the mobile phone a learning tool or a distraction for K though 12
student? A new study from the university at Albany reveals a complex answer regarding mobile phone
school policies in China: Chinese teachers and parents are rooted in their belief that phones are learning
disruption, while students see them as support for their school-related work. Adults and children do agree,
however, that mobile devices should be banned during classes and exams.

LOCAL LITERATURE

Jhasper Managyo (2017) stated that, Filipinos are using their mobile phones not only to
communicate but also as mobile computers as well, according to a recent market study issued. TNS, a
global customized research company, said in its report that Filipino consumers are not must using cell
phones to call and texting messages and photos, but also as a means to have internet on-the-go, allowing
users to be always online. Of the 38,000 respondents in Metro Manila, 75 percent of the respondents
surveyed used mobile phones to take photos or videos; 45 percent to browse the internet; 44 percent to
access their social networking sites and 37 percent to check their emails. The study was conducted from
November 2012 to January 2013. “Based on the findings of the study, the increase in various mobile
activities & plain the growing trend of Wi-Fi accessibility in public areas”, said TNS Philippines
Managing Director Gary de Ocampo.

The Kaiser family foundation (2005) named today’s youth the m-generation because of the
adolescents’ ability to multitask. Student can use a variety of media devices at one time, such as talking
on the cellphone, text messaging, and typing an essay all at the same time. 5

4
Salman Amin and Adnan Rashed (2011) “Effect of using habits of cell phone on the study of the students: A case
study on parents and teachers of Sargodha city”
http://www.academia.edu/8463553/Effect_of_using_habits_of_cell_phone_on_the_study_of_the_students_A_case_
study_on_parents_and_teachers_of_Sargodha_city
5
Jhasper Managyo (2017) “FACTORS AFFECTING MOBILE PHONES INSIDE THE CLASSROOM”
https://www.scribd.com/document/345268223/Local-Literature
 COLLEGE OF SCIENCES, TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION Inc.

RELATED STUDIES
FOREIGN STUDIES

Along with their books and school supplies, most high school and college students -- and many
younger students -- make their daily trip to school with their trusty smartphone. Mobile phones connect
students to one another, to educational resources, and to a potential host of distractions. The presence of
cell phones presents both opportunities and challenges for today's students. Mobile phones can be a
helpful academic tool, or a hurtful academic disruption depending upon the attitude and use pattern of the
students and the policies of the schools they attend.6

Accordcing to Burns and Lohenry (2010), the students equipped with the cell phones enter
college classrooms daily. Realizing the impact of technology on fellow learners and faculty represents an
area of concern. A pilot study was conducted to determine student and faculty perception regarding
cellular phone use in the classroom. A quantitative descriptive study examined the perception of faculty
and students' use of cell phones during class time. A convenience sample was comprised of graduate
students and faculty in health sciences and on campuses in Arizona and Illinois. Results revealed that the
majority of students indicated that they refrained from cell phone use during class time while all faculties
indicated that they refrained from using the cell phone during class time. Students indicated that they used
the text message feature and checked cell phone messages. Both students and faculty cell phones rang
during class time. Cell phones were identified by both groups as a source of distraction during class time.
Cell phone etiquette along with policies regarding cell phone use in the classroom offer suggested
methods for alleviating the distraction that cell phones currently offer. Improving awareness regarding
cell phone distractions may offer value for healthcare providers bridging professional behavior in the
academia to the healthcare arena.7

Beatty (2004) noted that “by providing frequent feedback about students ongoing learning and
confusions, it can help an instructor dynamically adjust her teaching to students improve attentiveness and
increase knowledge retention.

6
Erin Schreiner (2018) “Effects of Mobile Phones on Students” https://sciencing.com/effects-mobile-phones-
students-5977357.html
7
Burns and Lohnrey (2010) “Cellular Phone Use in Class: Implications for Teaching and Learning a Pilot Study”
https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ917252
 COLLEGE OF SCIENCES, TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION Inc.

Kaleta and Joosten’s (2007) echo these findings “53 percent of the student respondents agreed or
strongly agreed with the claim clickers have been beneficial to their learning,” but smart devices allow for
so much more. I can poll student anonymously, give instant results, confirm audience understanding and
provide feedback, and gather data for reporting.8

LOCAL STUDIES

The mobile phone has fundamentally affected our society, accessibility, safety, security, and
coordination of social and business activities. It has become part of the culture of every region in the
world. The uses of mobile phones are numerous and this includes keeping contact with friends, members
of the family, conducting business and others.9

8
“CELL PHONES IN THE CLASSROOM: COLLABORATIVE OR CALAMITOUS?”
https://secure.onlinelearningconsortium.org/effective_practices/cell-phones-classroom-collaborative-or-calamitous
9
Sharreah Lim (2017) “The Impact of Mobile Phone Usage on Academic Performance Among the Grade 7 Students
of Anecito Lopez Sr., National High School, Lumasal, Maasim, Sarangani Province”
http://www.scribd.com/documents/351618302/THESES-Mobile-Phone-Usage