3 WINDINGS AND INSULATION

2.3.1 Transformers should be double wound. Windings shall be copper and shall be
uniformly and
fully insulated.

2.3.2 Unless otherwise specified in data sheet transformer connection and phase displacement
between
windings shall be DYn11, i.e. primary winding shall be delta connected with tapping as described
herein
after, secondary winding shall be star (Wye) connection with neutral point connected to a bushing.

2.3.3 Winding insulation levels shall be class A in accordance to IEC 60085. The
temperature rise of winding measured by RTD (when specified in data sheet) and temperature
rise on top of oil measured
by thermometer shall not exceed 60oC and 55o C respectively.

2.3.4 The lightning impulse shall be in accordance with IEC 60076.

2.3.5 Coils and winding connections shall be braced for the magnetic stresses due to short
circuits in
compliance with IEC 60076.

2.4 INSULATION AND COOLING OIL

2.4.1 Insulation and cooling liquid shall be mineral oil and shall be in accordance with IEC
60296.

2.4.2 Transformer mineral oil shall not contain or be contaminated with polychlorinated
biphenyls
(PCBs).

2.4.3 Where environmental and/or fire protection requirements prohibit the use of mineral
oil, a
synthetic substitute may be used. The manufacturer shall state in his quotation the
characteristics of
the liquid proposed.
Silicone liquid may be considered non-flammable at normal and overload temperatures. The
fire point
is in excess of 350 C.

2.5 OFF-CIRCUIT TAP CHANGERS

2.5.1 When Off-circuit tap changers are specified they shall be on the primary side and
manually
 operated with the transformer de-energized. The operating handle shall be external and
accessible,
with spindle enclosed in an oil or grease filled chamber (situated below cold oil level) to
prevent gas
or oil leakage. Tap changers shall have provision for padlocking in all positions.

2.5.2 Unless otherwise noted on the Data Sheet(s), the tapping range shall be ± 5% in 2.5% steps.

2.5.3 All tapping shall be rated for full capacity.

2.5.4 Off circuit tap changer will be arranged for Positive snap-action contact changing, such
that it
is impossible for the contacts to be set in a position whereby the windings remain open-
circuited or
partly short-circuited (i.e. an intermediate positioning between two taps will not occur).

2.5.5 Robust mechanical stops at the ends shall be provided to prevent overrunning.

2.5.6 The driving rod through cover or tank wall shall be properly sealed against air/liquid
leakage