CHAPTER 2

2.2 application of multiple integrals

2.3.1 Finding mass, moment, center of mass, moment
inertia for lamina
Finding mass, moment, center of mass,
moment inertia for lamina
Mass, 𝑚 = 𝑅
𝛿 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝐴

Moment of mass: y-axis: 𝑀𝑦 = 𝑅

𝑥𝛿 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝐴 x-axis, 𝑀𝑥 = 𝑅
𝑦𝛿 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝐴
𝑀𝑦 𝑀𝑥
Center of mass, 𝑥, 𝑦 = ( , )
𝑚 𝑚
1 1
Centroid for homogenous lamina: 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑅
𝑥 𝑑𝐴 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑅
𝑦 𝑑𝐴

Moment inertia:

Y-axis: 𝐼𝑦 = 𝑅
𝑥 2 𝛿 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝐴 x-axis: 𝐼𝑥 = 𝑅
𝑦 2 𝛿 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝐴

Z-axis (or origin): 𝐼𝑧 = 𝐼0 = 𝑅

(𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 ) 𝛿 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝐴 = 𝐼𝑥 + 𝐼𝑦
 Example 1
Given a triangular lamina with vertices (0,0), (0,2), (2,0) and density function
𝛿 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥. Find:

Mass, m = 𝑅
𝛿 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝐴 Moment of mass: y-axis: 𝑀𝑦 = 𝑅
𝑥 𝛿 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝐴
𝑥=2 𝑦=2−𝑥 𝑥=2 𝑦=2−𝑥
2
4
= 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 =
𝑥=𝑜 𝑦=0 𝑥=𝑜 𝑦=0 3
2
= 𝑥𝑦02−𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0
2 Moment of mass: x-axis: 𝑀𝑦 = 𝑅
𝑦 𝛿 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝐴
= 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑥=2 𝑦=2−𝑥
0
2
= 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 =
2
𝑥3 2 𝑥=𝑜 𝑦=0 3
= [𝑥 − ]0
3
4
=
3
 Example 1
Given a triangular lamina with vertices (0,0), (0,2), (2,0) and density function
𝛿 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥. Find:
𝑀𝑦 𝑀
Center of mass, 𝑥, 𝑦 = ( 𝑚 , 𝑚𝑥 ) Moment inertia: Y-axis: 𝐼𝑦 = 𝑅
𝑥 2 𝛿 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝐴
4 2 𝑥=2 𝑦=2−𝑥
8
3 3 1 = 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 =
= , = (1, ) 𝑥=𝑜 𝑦=0 5
4 4 2
3 3
Moment inertia origin: 𝐼𝑧 = 𝐼0 = (𝑥 2
+𝑦 2
) 𝛿 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝐴
𝑥=2 𝑦=2−𝑥
𝑅 Moment inertia: x-axis: 𝐼𝑥 = 𝑅
𝑦 2 𝛿 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝐴
2 𝑥=2 𝑦=2−𝑥
= 𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 2 2
8
𝑥=𝑜 𝑦=0 15 = 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 =
𝑥=𝑜 𝑦=0 15
8 8 2
Or 𝐼𝑥 + 𝐼𝑦 = 5 + 15 = 2 15
 Example 2
Find the centroid of the circular lamina which is above the x-axis and between
the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4 and 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 9

Lamina is symmetric about y-axis, thus 𝑥 = 0 2

1 𝑦= 𝑦 𝑑𝐴
5𝜋 𝑅
𝑦= 𝑦 𝑑𝐴 𝜃=𝜋 𝑟=3
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑅 2
= 𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝜃
𝜃=𝜋 𝑟=3 5𝜋 𝜃=0 𝑟=2
Area = 𝑑𝐴 = 𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝜃
𝑅 𝜃=0 𝑟=2
𝜋 2 2 𝜃=𝜋 𝑟 3 3
𝑟 = [ ] sin 𝜃 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝜃
= [ ]32 𝑑𝜃 5𝜋 𝜃=0 3 2
0 2 1
5𝜋 2 24 5
= 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2 = . = 15
2 5𝜋 3 𝜋
1
515
Thus 𝑥, 𝑦 = (0, )
𝜋