Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
14 million
o Distribution: 7m in America
5m in Asia
2m in Europe
100 thousand in Africa
o World Muslim Population: 1.5 billion
Movers of Current History
o Albert Einstein Jewish
o Sigmund Freud Jewish
o Karl Marx Jewish
o Paul Samuelson Jewish
o Milton Friedman
Medical Milestones
o Vaccinating Needle: Benjamin Ruben Jewish
o Polio Vaccine Jonas Salk Jewish
o Leukaemia Drug Gertrude Elion Jewish
o Hepatitis B Baruch Blumberg Jewish
o Syphilis Drug Paul Ehrlich Jewish
o Neuro muscular Elie Metchnikoff Jewish
o Endocrinology Andrew Schally Jewish
o Cognitive therapy. Aaron Beck Jewish
o Contraceptive Pill Gregory Pincus Jewish
o Understanding of Human Eye. G. Wald Jewish
o Embryology. Stanley Cohen Jewish
o Kidney Dialysis Willem Kloffcame Jewish
Influential Intellectuals/Politicians
o Henry Kissinger , US Sec of State Jewish
o Richard Levin, President Yale University Jewish
o Alan Greenspan , US Federal Reserve Jewish
o Joseph Lieberman Jewish
o Madeleine Albright , US Sec of State Jewish
o Casper Weinberger , US Sec of Defence Jewish
o Maxim Litvinov , USSR Foreign Minister Jewish
o David Marshal , Singapore Chief Minister Jewish
o Isaacs Isaacs, Gov-Gen Australia Jewish
o Benjamin Disraeli, British Statesman Jewish
o Yevgeny Primakov, Russian PM Jewish
o Barry Goldwater , US Politician Jewish
o Jorge Sampaio, President Portugal Jewish
o Herb Gray, Canadian Deputy - PM Jewish
o Pierre Mendes, French PM Jewish
o Michael Howard, British Home Sec. Jewish
o Bruno Kriesky, Austrian Chancellor Jewish
o Robert Rubin , US Sec of Treasury Jewish
Global Philanthropists
o George Soros Jewish
o Walter Annenberg Jewish
Conclusion.
o Muslim World is failing to apply knowledge.
William Barton Rogers is best known for setting down the founding principles, advocating for,
and finally incorporating the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1861.[1] The
university opened in 1865 after the American Civil War.
Israelis also take advantage of the considerable sunlight available for solar energy, making Israel
the leading nation in solar energy use per capita.
The United States is a particularly notable foreign contributor; they are expected to provide the
country with $30 billion in military aid between 2008 and 2017.[
The Israeli- and U.S.-designed Arrow missile is one of the world's only operational anti-ballistic
missile systems
The country has been ranked highest in the region on the World Bank's Ease of Doing Business
as well as in the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report.[17] It has the second-
largest number of startup companies in the world (after the United States) and the largest number
of NASDAQ-listed companies outside North America. In 2007, Israel had the 44th-highest gross
domestic product and 22nd-highest gross domestic product per capita (at purchasing power
parity) at US$232.7 billion and US$33,299, respectively.[4] In 2007, Israel was invited to join
the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development,[169] which promotes
cooperation between countries that adhere to democratic principles and operate free market
economies.[170
Despite limited natural resources, intensive development of the agricultural and industrial sectors
over the past decades has made Israel largely self-sufficient in food production, apart from grains
and beef. Other major imports to Israel, totaling US$47.8 billion in 2006, include fossil fuels,
raw materials, and military equipment.[2] Leading exports include fruits, vegetables,
pharmaceuticals, software, chemicals, military technology, and diamonds; in 2006, Israeli
exports reached US$42.86 billion. Israel is a global leader in water conservation and geothermal
energy, and its development of cutting-edge technologies in software, communications and the
life sciences have evoked comparisons with Silicon Valley .Intel[174] and Microsoft[175] built
their first overseas research and development centers in Israel, and other high-tech multi-national
corporations, such as IBM, Cisco Systems, and Motorola, have opened facilities in the country.
In July 2007, U.S. billionaire Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway bought an Israeli company
Iscar, its first non-U.S. acquisition, for $4 billion.[176] Since the 1970s, Israel has received
economic aid from the United States, whose loans account for the bulk of Israel's external debt,
[2] although that aid is expected to end in 2008.[160]
Tourism, especially religious tourism, is another important industry in Israel, with the country's
temperate climate, beaches, archaeological and historical sites, and unique geography also
drawing tourists. Israel's security problems have taken their toll on the industry, but the number
of incoming tourists is on the rebound.[177]
Israel has the highest school life expectancy in Southwest Asia, and is tied with Japan for
second-highest school life expectancy on the Asian continent (after South Korea).[
Israel similarly has the highest literacy rate in Southwest Asia, according to the United Nations
Israel's seven research universities (excluding the Open University) have been ranked in the top
500 in the world.[190] Israel ranks third in the world in the number of citizens who hold
university degrees (20 percent of the population).[
Israel has produced many Nobel Laureates-winning scientists and publishes among the most
scientific papers per capita of any country in the world.
Nobel Prize in Literature
Total number of Jewish Laureates: 12
Nobel Prize in PhysicsTotal number of Jewish Laureates: 44
Nobel Prize in Economics: Total number of Jewish Laureates: 23
Nobel Prize in Chemistry Total number of Jewish Laureates: 27
Nobel Prize in Biomedical Sciences: Total number of Jewish Laureates: 49
Economists
List of Jewish American economists
· Bernard Baruch, economic adviser to many U.S. presidents, statesman, stock market
speculator
· Milton Friedman
· Eugene Meyer, chairman of the Federal Reserve (1930–1933), president of the World
Bank (1946)
· Joseph E. Stiglitz, 2001 Nobel Prize winner and Chief Economist of the World Bank
(1997-2000)
Mayors
Prominent mayors/major cities only.
· Iowa City: Moses Bloom (1873, First Jewish Mayor of a Major city)
Governors
· David Emanuel, governor of Georgia (D/R-GA: 1801-1801)
· Franklin Israel Moses, Jr., governor of South Carolina (R-SC: 1872–74) (raised
Episcopalian)
· Moses Alexander, governor of Idaho (D-ID: 1915-1919), first elected practicing Jew to
serve as a state governor
· George Allen, governor of Virginia (R-VA 1994-98) (Allen's mother is Jewish, he was
raised as a Presbyterian)
· Linda Lingle, governor of Hawaii (R-HI: 2002–)
Ambassadors
· Henry Morgenthau Sr., ambassador to Ottoman Empire (1913–16)
· Robert Schwarz Strauss, ambassador to the Soviet Union during the presidency of George
H. W. Bush
Former Senators
· David Levy Yulee, senator (D-FL: 1845–51, 1855–61)
· George Allen, senator (R-VA: 2001–2007) (Allen's mother is Jewish, he was raised as a
Presbyterian)[2]
· Richard Darman, Director of the Office of Management and Budget (1989-93) (convert
to Episcopalianism)
· William S. Cohen, Secretary of Defense (1997-01) (Jewish father; lists self as Unitarian
Universalist)
· Joshua Bolten, Director of Office of Management and Budget (2003-06); White House
Chief of Staff (2006– )
· Michael Mukasey, Attorney General (2007- )
Tufts University,
"Lawrence S. Bacow,167,762,040
Harvard University,
President: Lawrence Summers (replaced Neil Rudenstine)
Yale University,
President: Richard L. Levin
Princeton University,
President: Harvey Shapiro (stepped down after 12 years, in 2001)
Dartmouth College,
President: James O. Freedman
Cornell University,
President: Jeffrey Lehman
University of Pennsylvania,
President: Judith Rodin [succeeded in 2004 by Amy Gutmann]
University of Pennsylvania
"Amy Gutmann
Northwestern University,
President: Henry Bienen,
University of California,
President: Richard Atkinson
Stanford University,
Chairman of the Board: Isaac Stein
McGill University (Canada),
Principal: Bernard Shapiro
Caltech,
President: David Baltimore
Carnegie Mellon University,
President: Jared L. Cohon
Bard College,
President: Leon Botstein
George Washington University,
President: Stephen Joel Trachtenberg
University of Chicago,
Trustees:
Chairman of the board: James S. Crown (heir to the wealthy Jewish Crown family -- General
Dynamics, etc.)
Vice-Chairman: Andrew M. Alper
Vice-Chairman: Paula Wolff
Secretary of the Board of Trustees: Kineret S. Jaffe
Honorary Trustee: Hugo Sonnenschein
List of Jewish economists is a list that includes economists who are or were verifiably Jewish or
of Jewish descent.
[edit] H-L
· John Harsanyi, Nobel prize (1994) [2]
· Harold Laski, economist (The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia, ed Geoffrey Wigoder,
5th ed 1977, pp. 1182-3)
[edit] M-Z
· Harry Markowitz, Nobel prize (1990) [2]
CURRENT SITUATION
Bilateral relations between India and Israel are robust and multi-faceted. The two states share
several congruent interests and have acted to expand cooperation in a number of key areas.
Counterterrorism and Intelligence Cooperation: Counterterrorism remains one of the greatest
areas of cooperation between the two countries, stemming from the constant terror threat facing
both states. Counterterrorism cooperation has involved the exchange of information on terrorist
groups, their finances, recruitment patterns, training, and operations; it has also entailed
comparing national doctrines and operational experience. India and Israel have also focused their
efforts on border security: Israel has sold India movement sensors and other monitoring
equipment to track infiltration across the Line of Control (LoC)between India and Pakistan in the
Jammu and Kashmir region. Israel also sold unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to India for high-
altitude surveillance and has offered to provide anti-insurgency training for Indian forces in the
area as well. In 2000, India and Israel established a joint commission to combat terrorism at the
ministerial level.
Military Cooperation: India and Israel share certain strategic objectives: qualitative (and in some
cases quantitative) military supremacy over their rivals, and autonomy in technology and
weapons procurement. Neither India nor Israel can realize these goals without international
assistance. With the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, New Delhi began
looking to other nations for military equipment. As a result, Israel has become one of India’s
most important sources of sophisticated weapons and military equipment.
In January 2004, Israel signed a $1.1 billion deal with India for the sale of the Phalcon airborne
warning and control system (AWACS) and is in the process of providing three more aircraft to
India. India and Israel are also negotiating the sale of the multi-billion dollar Arrow II ballistic
missile system (requiring American approval, as it uses U.S. technology. Washington has blocked
passage of the deal. In 2007, India and Israel announced that they would jointly develop a $2.5
billion surface-to-air missile system, the biggest defense contract in Israeli history. The deal
signals that Indo-Israeli defense military cooperation is moving beyond simple cash-for-arms
transfers and is ready to move to greater collaboration between the two defense establishments.
In May 2008, Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) and the Tata Group signed an agreement to
cooperate on the development, manufacturing and sale of defense products in India.
India has also taken advantage of Israel’s global reputation for upgrading outdated weapon
systems and Soviet-era military hardware. Israeli missiles, rockets, radar and communication
equipments, ships, assault and sniper rifles, night-vision devices, and border monitoring
equipment have all been added to the Indian arsenal. It has been reported that between 2002 and
2007, India purchased over $5 billion worth of military weapons and systems from Israel (with
$1.6 billion in 2006 alone), making Israel India’s largest worldwide supplier of defense
equipment.
POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR THE UNITED STATES
The United States played a role in helping facilitate India’s full diplomatic recognition of Israel
in 1992, a step New Delhi took in part to strengthen bilateral ties with Washington. The United
States continues to regard strengthening Indo-Israeli relations positively, as evidenced by
Washington’s approval of Israel’s sale of the Phalcon warning system to India, though it has
blocked a similar sale to China. Sale of the Phalcon system, like the Arrow system, requires
American approval because of its use of U.S. technology.
The Indo-Israeli strategic partnership has far-reaching policy implications for the United States.
· Burgeoning Indo-Israeli ties could potentially advance American interests in the Indian
Ocean region, by counteracting the “arc of instability” region from the Middle East to
Pakistan .
· Israel ’s advanced security technology could also strengthen India’s abilities in this area,
particularly vis-à-vis counterterrorism, an area of great concern to the U.S. However,
Israeli industry competes with U.S. companies in such areas. Indo-Israeli ties under
American auspices will be vulnerable to accusations of an “American-Jewish-Hindu”
alliance against Islam, a charge that has been already made by Al-Qaeda. Such
characterizations will potentially undermine American claims that the global war on
terror is against extremism, not Islam.
· India ’s decision to launch the Israeli Tescar spy satellite in January 2008 indicates New
Delhi’s potential willingness to enhance Israel’s security vis-à-vis Iran, especially with
regard to Iran’s nuclear program.
· The United States will benefit from having two of its democratic, pro-Western allies work
together, especially in the counterterrorism and defense realms. Israel’s security remains a
top U.S. priority.