so what we're going to do now is model something called a magnetic lens and what we're

essentially going to do is compute the trajectory of electrons through a magnetic field and the
magnetic field is generated via a coil assembly so current flows through a coil which sets up a
magnetic field and then we're going to study how the magnetic field interacts with the electron
trajectories.

So i'm going to star by opening a existing model and this existing model has already set up a coil
assembly and computed the magnetic fields, so the magnetic fields are computed using
magnetic fields interface and this study and if we look in the graphics windows here we can see
the green arrows represent the magnetic field lines the orange domain here represents the coil
and the red app arrows represent the electric current flowing through the coil

So wat we're going to do now is use this magnetic field and compute electron trajectories
through this coil assembly and out into free space here you

So i´m going to start by actually adding some parameters to the model some parameters already
defined here when the magnetic fields were being computed the applied current and the
number of turns in the coil the first thing i´m going to do is specify the initial energy for the
particles which in this case I want to be 500 electron volts

So from this energy I can very trivially compute the initial particle velocity which should be the
square root of twice this energy divided by the particle mass I´m going to define as this built-in
physical constant income so-called Emmy underscore Const so with income so there are a list of
predefined physical constants and these are available in the documentation so Emmy undersocre
cons is basically just a numeric value which corresponds to the mass of electrons which is nine
point on times ten to the minus 31 kilograms

So we can see that console is is computed the initial velocity value to be roughly 1.3 times 10 to
the 7 meters per second ,okay so I´m going to use these parameters later in the model now we
want to add the physics to the model so if I right click on model 1 and choose add physics
underthe AC DC area we can see there´s a charge article tracing interface and this is the one I´m
going to want to use so if I add the selected physics we can see that the dependent variable is
going to be particle position vector which is called cue, so if I click nex I want to select the study
type and when computing particle trajectories the study type is always time dependent and
since the magnetic fields have already been pre computed I do not want to solve for them in the
same study so I can deselect them if I click this racing flag then that finishes adding physics and a
new study to the model, so the first thing we need to do is decide which domains we want to
compute the particle trajectories in and by default all domains are selected now I do not want to
compute the particle trajectories in the coil because obvi ously the particles can´t go through the
coil I only want to compute particle trajectories in this air domain surrounding the coil so I´m just
simply going to select that the main only left click and right click to confirm and we see that
domain selection one it is set the particles are traveling close to the speed of light then we may
want to turn on the relativistic correction that´s not necessary in this case if you have secondary
particles in the model you may want to tailor this number depending on how many secondary
particles you expect to have in this model I´m not going to have any so I´m just actually going to
set this to zero.

So if is I click on the particle properties node we can see I need to enter two quantities the
particle mass which again we´re going to use it this built-in physical constant within console me
underscore can´t and also a charge number and this default is minus one which again
corresponds to the electron so I do not need to change any of the settings here, what I do need
to do is add a force to the model so if I right-click on charged particle tracing I can see there are a
variety of predefined forces available to me electric force collisional forces particle , particle
interactions case I want to use the magnetic force so I choose that then I want to choose just the
air domain so that´s the main number one then I need to decide on something to use for the
magnetic flux density and this is already being computed in this magnetic fields interface which
is denoted by the tag MF so if I click on this combo box here I can choose this pre computed
magnetic flux density here by matching that to the tag which is denoted by MF in this case , so
now console will know to use the value of the magnetic fields computed by this interface when
computing the particle trajectories

Which I can use to as smooth the magnetic field and make it more accurate when computing the
trajectories so often it is a good idea to check this checkbox, so now the forces I want to apply
have been set now I just need to tell console how to release the particles so if I againright-click
on charged particle tracing I can specify release of particles on the domain level I can release
them from a grid in this case I want to release them from the boundaries so I´m going to shoose
this Inlet feature

And I want to release them from this boundary here fire them through this coil assembly in the
z-direction and see how the coil assembly and magnetic field focuses the electrons there are lots
of different ways of specifying the initial position of the particles I´m going to actually choose
projected plane grid in this case which essentially means uniformly distribute the particles over
the selected boundary in this case I´m going to do 3000 particles I also need to specify an initial
velocity and we did this in parameters before our parameters is v-0 so this is going to be our
initial particle velocity and it´s only going to have a Z component so the physics in the model is
now completely specified and now need to specify some study settings and the particles whith
and initial velocity of around 10 to the 7 meters a second they´re going to travel through this
modeling domain extremely quickly so rage 7:33