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Content Area 4

Later Europe and Americas


Modern and Contemporary Art
113. The Stone Breakers. Gustave Courbet. 1849 C.E. (destroyed in 1945). Oil
on canvas.
113. The Stone Breakers

Page 988-990

https://smarthistory.org/courbet-the-stonebreakers/

https://www.theartstory.org/artist-courbet-gustave.htm#synopsys_header

http://www.19thcenturyart-facos.com/artwork/stone-breakers
114. Nadar Raising Photography to the Height of Art. Honore Daumier. 1862
C.E. Lithograph.
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce, View from the Window at Gras (1826)
• used camera obscura
• Single photo
• 8 hour exposure processing time
• Grainy exposure
• Subject to overexposure
Louis Daguerre, The Artist's Studio, 1837, daguerreotype

• Faster development time


• Single exposure
William Henry Fox Talbot, The Open Door, 1844, Salted paper print
from paper negative

• Short exposure time


• Multiple prints possible
Collodion process

• Sharper image
• Faster development time
• Had to be done when plate was wet
necessitating a portable darkroom
114. Nadar Raising Photography to
the Height of Art

https://youtu.be/ZwV-HikQ63I

https://www.daumier.org/biography/

https://www.nga.gov/collection/artist-
info.1209.html?artobj_artistId=1209&pageNumber=19#biography

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/later-
europe-and-americas/modernity-ap/a/early-photography-nipce-
talbot-and-muybridge
115. Olympia. Eduoard Manet. 1863 C.E. Oil on canvas.
115. Olympia

Page 994-995

https://youtu.be/bihBbqzL96Y

https://www.theartstory.org/artist-manet-edouard.htm

https://www.nga.gov/features/slideshows/manet-and-his-
influence.html#slide_1

https://www.artble.com/artists/edouard_manet
116. The Saint-Lazare Station. Claude Monet. 1877 C.E. Oil on canvas.
116. The Saint-Lazare Station

https://youtu.be/fpnIGUds1FQ

https://www.theartstory.org/artist-monet-claude.htm

https://www.artble.com/artists/claude_monet
117. The Horse in Motion. Eadweard Muybridge. 1878 C.E. Photograph.
117. The Horse in Motion

http://www.eadweardmuybridge.co.uk/muybr
idge_image_and_context/

https://youtu.be/mbpLpxi9rJY

https://www.theartstory.org/artist-muybridge-eadweard.htm
118. The Valley of Mexico from the Hillside of Santa Isabel (El Valle de
Mexico desde el Cerro de Santa Isabel). Jose Maria Velasco. 1882 C.E. Oil on
canvas.
Valle de México tomado en las
lomas de Tacubaya 1884
118. The Valley of Mexico from the Hillside of
Santa Isabel (El Valle de Mexico desde el
Cerro de Santa Isabel).

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/later-
europe-and-americas/modernity-ap/a/velasco-the-valley-of-mexico

https://youtu.be/abc1Y4X-id8

https://smarthistory.org/velasco-the-valley-of-mexico/
119. The Burghers of Calais. Auguste Rodin. 1884-1895 C.E. Bronze.
119. The Burghers of Calais

Page 1017-1018

https://smarthistory.org/rodin-the-burghers-of-calais/

https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/les-bourgeois-de-calais-by-
rodin-387889bbe73648c38589a3fffd1f876c

https://www.theartstory.org/artist-rodin-auguste.htm

https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/207812

http://www.musee-rodin.fr/en/resources/chronology-auguste-rodin/youth-and-
education
120. The Starry Night. Vincent van Gogh. 1889 C.E. Oil on canvas.
120. The Starry Night.

Page 1013

https://youtu.be/48v5YUTaiVU

https://g.co/arts/oj9pMtk4CMqkURQS9

https://smarthistory.org/van-gogh-the-starry-night/

https://www.theartstory.org/artist-van-gogh-vincent.htm

https://www.artble.com/artists/vincent_van_gogh/paintings/starry_night

https://www.moma.org/learn/moma_learning/vincent-van-gogh-the-starry-night-1889/
121. The Coiffure. Mary
Cassatt. 1890-1891 C.E.
Drypoint and aquatint on
laid paper.
121. The Coiffure

https://smarthistory.org/cassatt-the-coiffure/

https://www.theartstory.org/artist-cassatt-mary.htm

https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/cast/hd_cast.htm
128. The Scream. Edvard
Munch. 1893 C.E. Tempera
and pastels on cardboard.
128. The Scream

Page 1016

https://youtu.be/OxP5e_ghWfM

https://munchmuseet.no/munch

https://smarthistory.org/munch-the-scream/

https://www.theartstory.org/artist-munch-edvard.htm

http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/work/103/index.html
123. Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? Paul
Gauguin. 1897-1898 C.E. Oil on canvas.
123. Where Do We Come From? What
Are We? Where Are We Going?

https://www.mfa.org/collections/object/where-do-we-come-from-what-are-we-
where-are-we-going-32558

https://www.artble.com/artists/paul_gauguin/paintings/where_do_we
_come_from_what_are_we_where_are_we_going

https://smarthistory.org/gauguin-where-do-we-come-from-what-are-we-
where-are-we-going/

https://www.theartstory.org/artist-gauguin-paul.htm
124. Carson, Pirie, Scott and
Company Building. Chicago,
Illinois, U.S. Louis Sullivan
(architect). 1889-1903 C.E.
Iron, steel, glass, and terra
cotta.
124. Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company
Building

https://youtu.be/4rfPNm5V32s

https://smarthistory.org/sullivan-carson-pirie-
scott-building/

https://www.metalocus.es/en/news/louis-sullivan-and-chicago-school-carson-
pirie-scott-and-company-building
125. Mont Sainte-Victoire. Paul Cezanne. 1902-1904 C.E. Oil on canvas.
125. Mont Sainte-Victoire

Page 1027

https://www.theculturium.com/paul-cezanne-la-montagne-sainte-victoire/

https://youtu.be/KJuYXFHvRaY

https://smarthistory.org/cezanne-mont-sainte-victoire/

https://www.theartstory.org/artist-cezanne-paul.htm
126. Les Desmoiselles
d’Avignon. Pablo
Picasso. 1907 C.E. Oil
on canvas.
126. Les Desmoiselles d’Avignon.

Page 1037-1039

https://youtu.be/XyLNPumMMTs

https://smarthistory.org/pablo-picasso-les-demoiselles-davignon/

https://www.moma.org/learn/moma_learning/pablo-picasso-les-
demoiselles-davignon-paris-june-july-1907/

https://www.theartstory.org/artist-picasso-pablo.htm
127. The Steerage. Alfred
Stieglitz. 1907 C.E.
Photograph.
127. The Steerage

https://youtu.be/q62AkaOm6ik

https://smarthistory.org/stieglitz-the-steerage/

https://www.theartstory.org/artist-stieglitz-alfred.htm
126. The Kiss.
Gustav Klimt.
1907-1908 C.E. Oil
on canvas.
126. The Kiss

http://www.klimt.com/en/gallery/women.html

https://youtu.be/BRUOACBkFRg

https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/the-kiss/HQGxUutM_F6ZGg?hl=en

https://www.neuegalerie.org/collection/artist-profiles/gustav-klimt

https://www.theartstory.org/artist-klimt-gustav.htm

https://mymodernmet.com/the-kiss-gustav-klimt/
129. The Kiss.
Constantin Brancusi.
1907-1908 C.E.
Limestone.
129. The Kiss

https://youtu.be/r3ttwvNvors

https://www.theartstory.org/artist-brancusi-constantin-artworks.htm

https://www.guggenheim.org/artwork/artist/constantin-brancusi

http://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/51306.html

http://www.actingoutpolitics.com/konstantin-brancusi%E2%80%99s-
sculptural-series-%E2%80%9Cthe-kiss%E2%80%9D-1907-1925-to-be-stuck-
in-personal-relations-to-the-neglect-of-the-understanding-the-public-realm/
130. The
Portuguese.
Georges Braque.
1911 C.E. Oil on
canvas.
130. The Portuguese

https://smarthistory.org/braque-the-portuguese/

https://www.theartstory.org/movement-cubism.htm

https://www.theartstory.org/artist-braque-georges.htm

http://www.people.vcu.edu/~djbromle/modern-art/02/Georges-Braque/index.htm
131. Goldfish. Henri
Matisse. 1912 C.E.
Oil on canvas.
131. Goldfish.

https://smarthistory.org/matisse-goldfish/

https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/mati/hd_mati.htm

https://www.theartstory.org/movement-fauvism-artworks.htm
https://www.theartstory.org/artist-matisse-henri.htm

https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/fauv/hd_fauv.htm
132. Improvisation 28 (second version). Vassily Kandinsky. 1912 C.E. Oil on canvas.
132. Improvisation 28 (second version).

Page 1044-1045

https://youtu.be/Sa3FyvaKYVw

https://www.theartstory.org/artist-kandinsky-wassily.htm

https://www.moma.org/s/ge/collection_ge/artist/artist_id-2981.html

http://www.artfixdaily.com/artwire/release/3216-works-by-vasily-
kandinsky-now-on-view-at-the-guggenheim
133. Self-Portrait as a
Soldier. Ernst Ludwig
Kirchner. 1915 C.E. Oil on
canvas.

http://www.everypai
nterpaintshimself.co
m/article/kirchners_s
elf_portrait_as_soldi
er_1915
133. Self-Portrait as a Soldier

https://smarthistory.org/kirchner-self-portrait-as-a-soldier/

https://www.theartstory.org/artist-kirchner-ernst-ludwig.htm

https://www.moma.org/artists/3115

http://www2.oberlin.edu/amam/Kirchner_SelfPortrait.htm
134. Memorial Sheet for Karl Liebknecht. Kathe Kollwitz. 1919-1920 C.E.
Woodcut.
134. Memorial Sheet for Karl Liebknecht

https://www.moma.org/s/ge/collection_ge/artist/artist_id-3201.html

https://smarthistory.org/kathe-kollwitz-in-memoriam-karl-liebknecht/

https://www.theartstory.org/artist-kollwitz-kathe.htm
135. Villa Savoye. Poissy-sur-Seine, France. Le Corbusier (architect). 1929
C.E. Steel and reinforced concrete.
135. Villa Savoye. Poissy-sur-Seine,

Page 1059

https://youtu.be/f1womjgDI_I

https://www.theartstory.org/artist-le-corbusier.htm

http://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/corbuweb/default.aspx
136. Composition
with Red, Blue,
and Yellow. Piet
Mondrian. 1930
C.E. Oil on canvas
136. Composition with Red, Blue,
and Yellow

Page 1067-1068

https://youtu.be/1x8m-7N-Kjo
https://www.theartstory.org/artist-mondrian-piet.htm
http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20170710-
mondrian-the-joy-of-being-square

https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/composition-with-
red-blue-and-yellow/xwERWaqDyIcZ9w
After socialist Bolsheviks turned to civil war
during the 1917 Russian Revolution.
Constructivism
Alexander Rodchenko helped establish a
post-revolutionary group of artists who
worked together for the good of the state.

137. Illustration from the Results of the First Five-Year Plan. Varvara Stepanova. 1932
C.E. Photomontage
137. Illustration from the Results
of the First Five-Year Plan

https://monoskop.org/Varvara_Stepanova

https://smarthistory.org/stepanova-the-results-of-the-first-five-year-plan/

http://theconversation.com/sublime-design-varvara-stepanovas-unisex-
sports-uniform-27587

http://www.artprivatecollections.ru/collection/rodchenko_stepanova/art/?lang=en
X= an Orange Rabbit"

Meret Oppenheim
138. Object (Le Dejeuner en fourrer). Meret Oppenheim. 1936 C.E. Fur-covered cup,
saucer, and spoon.
138. Object (Le Dejeuner en fourrer).

Page 1074-1075

https://www.theartstory.org/artist-oppenheim-meret-artworks.htm

https://www.theartstory.org/artist-oppenheim-meret.htm

https://www.moma.org/learn/moma_learning/meret-oppenheim-object-paris-1936/
139. Fallingwater. Pennsylvania, U.S. Frank Lloyd Wright (architect). 1936-
1939 C.E. Reinforced concrete, sandstone, steel, and glass.
Fallingwater interior. Pennsylvania, U.S. Frank Lloyd Wright (architect). 1936-1939
C.E. Reinforced concrete, sandstone, steel, and glass.
139. Fallingwater

Page 1061-1062

https://fallingwater.org/

https://youtu.be/HuZ0x5Qkgzg

https://www.theartstory.org/artist-wright-frank-lloyd.htm

http://www.wright-house.com/frank-lloyd-wright/fallingwater.html
140. The Two Fridas. Frida Kahlo. 1939 C.E. Oil on canvas.
140. The Two Fridas

Page 1084-1085

https://smarthistory.org/kahlo-the-two-fridas-las-dos-fridas/

https://www.theartstory.org/artist-kahlo-frida.htm

http://www.artnet.com/magazineus/reviews/davis/davis8-28-08.asp
“To me, migration means movement. There
was conflict and struggle. But out of the
struggle came a kind of power and even
beauty. 'And the migrants kept coming' is a
refrain of triumph over adversity. If it rings
true for you today, then it must still strike a
chord in our American experience.”

Jacob Lawrence

The Great Migration, the flight of over a million African


Americans from the rural South to the industrial North
following the outbreak of World War I.
141. The Migration of the Negro,
Panel no. 49. Jacob Lawrence. 1940-
1941 C.E. Casein tempera on
hardboard.

They found discrimination in the North.


It was a different kind
141. The Migration of the Negro,
Panel no. 49

https://lawrencemigration.phillipscollection.org/

https://www.moma.org/learn/moma_learning/jacob
-lawrence-migration-series-1940-41/

https://www.theartstory.org/artist-lawrence-jacob.htm
142.
The Jungle.
Wifredo Lam.
1943 C.E. Gouache
on paper
mounted on
canvas.
142.
The Jungle.

https://www.moma.org/collection/works/34666

https://www.moma.org/learn/moma_learning
/wifredo-lam-the-jungle-1943/

https://smarthistory.org/lam-the-jungle/
143. Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in the Alameda Park. Diego Rivera. 1947-1948
C.E. Fresco
143. Dream of a Sunday Afternoon
in the Alameda Park

https://smarthistory.org/rivera-dream-of-a-
sunday-afternoon-in-alameda-central-park/

https://www.theartstory.org/artist-rivera-diego.htm
144. Fountain (second version). Marcel Duchamp. 1950 C.E. (original 1917).
Readymade glazed sanitary china with black paint.
144. Fountain (second version).

Page 1051-1052

https://youtu.be/FmjSUyyc-3M

https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/duchamp-fountain-t07573

https://www.theartstory.org/artist-duchamp-marcel.htm
145. Woman, I. Willem
de Kooning. 1950-1952
C.E. Oil on canvas.
145. Woman, I.

Page 1092

https://youtu.be/y0xbZTe1JSM

https://www.moma.org/learn/moma_learning/willem-de-kooning-
woman-i-1950-52-2/

https://www.theartstory.org/artist-de-kooning-willem.htm
146. Seagram Building.
New York City, U.S. Ludwig
Mies van der Rohe and
Philip Johnson (architects).
1954-1958 C.E. Steel frame
with glass curtain wall and
bronze.
Massive, sleek, and geometrically rigid,
this modernist skyscraper has a bronze-
and-glass skin masking its concrete-and-
steel frame. The giant corporate tower
appears to rise from the pavement on stilts.

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson SEAGRAM BUILDING, NEW YORK
1954–1958. Photo: Andrew Garn. © 2016 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York/VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn.
146. Seagram Building

Page 1120

https://youtu.be/ZyyuflY5k2k

https://interactive.wttw.com/tenbuildings/sea
gram-building

http://www.375parkavenue.com/

http://nyc-architecture.com/UES/UES002.htm
147. Marilyn Diptych. Andy Warhol. 1962 C.E. Oil, acrylic, and silkscreen enamel on
canvas.
147. Marilyn Diptych

Page 1107-1108

https://smarthistory.org/warhol-marilyn-diptych/

https://www.theartstory.org/artist-warhol-andy.htm

https://www.moma.org/learn/moma_learning
/themes/pop-art/
148. Narcissus Garden. Yayoi Kusama. Original installation and performance 1966.
Mirror balls.
148. Narcissus Garden

Page 1104-1105

https://smarthistory.org/yayoi-kusama-narcissus-garden/

https://www.theartstory.org/artist-kusama-yayoi.htm

https://mymodernmet.com/yayoi-kusama-narcissus-garden-rockaway-2018/

https://hyperallergic.com/450857/yayoi-kusama-narcissus-garden/
149. The Bay. Helen Frankenthaler. 1963 C.E. Acrylic on canvas.
149. The Bay

https://smarthistory.org/frankenthaler-the-bay/

https://www.theartstory.org/artist-frankenthaler-helen.htm
150. Lipstick (Ascending)
on Caterpillar Tracks.
Claes Oldenburg. 1969-
1974 C.E. Cor-Ten steel,
steel, aluminum, and cast
resin; painted with
polyurethane enamel.
150. Lipstick (Ascending) on
Caterpillar Tracks

https://smarthistory.org/oldenburg-lipstick-ascending-on-caterpillar-tracks/

https://worldartworld.wordpress.com/2015/07/15/claes-olenburg-lipstick-
ascending-on-caterpillar-tracks/
151. Spiral Jetty. Great Salt Lake, Utah, U.S. Robert Smithson. 1970 C.E.
Earthwork: mud, precipitated salt crystals, rocks, and water coil.
151. Spiral Jetty

Page 1115

https://smarthistory.org/robert-smithson-spiral-jetty/

https://diaart.org/collection/collection/smiths
on-robert-spiral-jetty-1970-1999-014/

https://www.robertsmithson.com/earthworks/
spiral_jetty.htm
. Delaware, U.S. Robert Venturi, John Rauch, and Denis152. House in New
Castle Countrye Scott Brown (architects). 1978-1983 C.E. Wood frame and
stucco.
152. House in New Castle Country

https://smarthistory.org/venturi-house-in-
new-castle-county-delaware/

http://venturiscottbrown.org/

https://www.moma.org/collection/works/211?
locale=en&page=1&with_images=true

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