Analog and Digital Communications

Course Outcomes:
Upon completing this course, the student will be able to
1. Analyze and design of various continuous wave and angle modulation and demodulation
techniques
2. Explain the effect of noise present in continuous wave and angle modulation techniques.
3.Attain the knowledge about AM , FM Transmitters and Receivers
4. Analyze and design the various Pulse Modulation Techniques.
5. Describe the concepts of Digital Modulation Techniques.

Unit-I: Amplitude Modulation: Introduction: Block diagram of communication system, Need

for modulation, Amplitude Modulation - Time and frequency domain description, Generation of
AM wave -Switching modulator, Detection of AM Wave - Envelope detector, DSB-SC
modulation - time and frequency domain description, Generation of DSBSC Wave - Balanced
Modulators, Coherent detection of DSB-SC Modulated waves, SSB modulation - time and
frequency domain description, Phase discrimination method for generating SSB, Demodulation
of SSB Wave, principle of Vestigial side band modulation , Applications of AM, Problems
related to power and bandwidth calculations of AM.

Unit-II:
Angle Modulation: Basic concepts of Phase Modulation, Frequency Modulation: Single tone
Frequency modulation, Spectrum Analysis of Sinusoidal FM Wave using Bessel functions,
Constant Average Power, Transmission bandwidth of FM Wave, Generation of FM Signal-
Armstrong Method, Detection of FM Signal: Phase locked loop, Applications of FM,
Comparison of FM and AM.

UNIT - III

Transmitters: Classification of Transmitters, AM Transmitters, FM Transmitters.

Receivers: Radio Receiver - Superhetrodyne receiver, Image frequency, AGC, FM Receiver.

UNIT - IV
Noise in communication system: Introduction, Receiver Model, significance of Signal to Noise
ratio, Noise in DSB-SC receivers, Noise in AM receivers ( Envelope detector), Noise in FM
receivers, Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis in FM.

UNIT – V: Pulse Modulation Techniques:

Pulse Analog Modulation: Types of Pulse modulation- PAM, PWM and PPM (Qualitative
information), TDM.
Pulse Digital Modulation: Block diagram of digital communication system,PCM Generation
and Reconstruction, Quantization: Uniform, Non Uniform Quantization, Companding, DPCM,
DM and Adaptive DM, Noise in PCM and DM.

Unit-VI: Digital carrier modulation schemes :Optimum Receiver for AWGN channel,
Matched filter and Correlation receivers, Digital Modulations-Techniques, Generation and
detection of ASK, BPSK and BFSK, QPSK and DPSK, probability of bit error computation for
BPSK, BFSK, QPSK, QAM, comparison of Modulation techniques.

Text/Reference Books:
1. Haykin S., "Communications Systems", John Wiley and Sons, 2001.
2. Proakis J. G. and Salehi M., "Communication Systems Engineering", Pearson Education,
2002.
3. Digital Communications –Simon Haykin, Jon Whiley, 2005
4.Sam Shanmugam, “Digital and analog communication system”, John Wiley, 2005.

Reference Books:
1. Taub H. and Schilling D.L., "Principles of Communication Systems”, Tata McGraw Hill,
2001.
2. Wozencraft J. M. and Jacobs I. M., ``Principles of Communication Engineering'',John Wiley,
1965.
3. Barry J. R., Lee E. A. and Messerschmitt D. G., ``Digital Communication'', Kluwer Academic
Publishers, 2004.
4. Proakis J.G., ``Digital Communications'', 4th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2000.