SYSTEM TESTING:

TESTING PROCESS
The purpose of testing is to discover errors. Testing is the process of trying to discover
every conceivable fault or weakness in a work product. It provides a way to check the
functionality of components, sub assemblies, assemblies and/or a finished product It is the
process of exercising software with the intent of ensuring that the Software system meets its
requirements and user expectations and does not fail in an unacceptable manner. There are
various types of test. Each test type addresses a specific testing requirement.

TYPES OF TESTS

Software Testing - Validation Testing

The process of evaluating software during the development process or at the end of the
development process to determine whether it satisfies specified business requirements.Validation
Testing ensures that the product actually meets the client's needs. It can also be defined as to
demonstrate that the product fulfills its intended use when deployed on appropriate environment.

Validation Testing - Workflow:

Validation testing can be best demonstrated using V-Model. The Software/product under test is
evaluated during this type of testing.
 Activities:

 Unit Testing

 Integration Testing

 System Testing

 User Acceptance Testing

UNIT TESTING

Unit testing involves the design of test cases that validate that the internal program logic is
functioning properly, and that program input produces valid outputs. All decision branches and
internal code flow should be validated. It is the testing of individual software units of the
application .it is done after the completion of an individual unit before integration. This is a
structural testing, that relies on knowledge of its construction and is invasive. Unit tests perform
basic tests at component level and test a specific business process, application, and/or system
configuration. Unit tests ensure that each unique path of a business process performs accurately
to the documented specifications and contains clearly defined inputs and expected results.
 FUNCTIONAL TESTING

Functional tests provide systematic demonstrations that functions tested are available as
specified by the business and technical requirements, system documentation and user manuals.

Functional testing is centered on the following items:

Valid Input : identified classes of valid input must be accepted.

Invalid Input : identified classes of invalid input must be rejected.

Functions : identified functions must be exercised.

Output : identified classes of application outputs must be exercised.

Systems/Procedures : interfacing systems or procedures must be invoked.

Organization and preparation of functional tests is focused on requirements, key

functions, or special test cases. In addition, systematic coverage pertaining to identify
Business process flows; data fields, predefined processes, and successive processes must be
considered for testing. Before functional testing is complete, additional tests are identified
and the effective value of current tests is determined.

White Box Testing

White box testing is a testing technique, that examines the program structure and derives
test data from the program logic/code. The other names of glass box testing are clear box testing,
open box testing, logic driven testing or path driven testing or structural testing.

White Box Testing Techniques:

 Statement Coverage - This technique is aimed at exercising all programming statements with
minimal tests.
 Branch Coverage - This technique is running a series of tests to ensure that all branches are
tested at least once.
 Path Coverage - This technique corresponds to testing all possible paths which means that each
statement and branch is covered.
 Calculating Structural Testing Effectiveness:

Statement Testing = (Number of Statements Exercised / Total Number of Statements) x 100 %

Branch Testing = (Number of decisions outcomes tested / Total Number of decision Outcomes) x
100 %
Path Coverage = (Number paths exercised / Total Number of paths in the program) x 100 %

Advantages of White Box Testing:

 Forces test developer to reason carefully about implementation.

 Reveals errors in "hidden" code.

 Spots the Dead Code or other issues with respect to best programming practices.

Disadvantages of White Box Testing:

 Expensive as one has to spend both time and money to perform white box testing.

 Every possibility that few lines of code are missed accidentally.

 In-depth knowledge about the programming language is necessary to perform white

box testing.

BLACK BOX TESTING

Also known as functional testing. A software testing technique whereby the internal
workings of the item being tested are not known by the tester. For example, in a black box test
on a software design the tester only knows the inputs and what the expected outcomes should be
and not how the program arrives at those outputs. The tester does not ever examine the
programmingcodeand does not need any further knowledge of the program other than its
specifications.

The advantages of this type of testing include:

 The test is unbiased because the designer and the tester are independent of each other.
 The tester does not need knowledge of any specific programming languages.
 The test is done from the point of view of the user, not the designer.
 Test cases can be designed as soon as the specifications are complete.

The disadvantages of this type of testing include:

 The test can be redundant if the software designer has already run a test case.
 The test cases are difficult to design.
 Testing every possible input stream is unrealistic because it would take a inordinate amount of
time; therefore, many program paths will go untested.

Test Case Test Condition Expected Output Actual Output Status

To validate 1.Leave “User System should Same as PASS
Cloud Server Name” or display “Enter the Expected
Name or “Password” field Name” Message.
Password field in empty
“Login” screen
2. Click “Login”
button

To validate 1.If Enter System should Same as PASS

Registration wrong, “Empty” display “Empty Not expected
fields Allowed” message
“Registration” 2.Click
screen “Register” button