Mindset for IELTS, Reading, Unit 6, Exercise 1

Exercise 1
skim-read to read quickly and superficially, in order to pick up the important
or significant details
Answers
1 How few people used to take part in tourism
Pay attention to the first sentence, which introduces the topic of the paragraph: ‘The be
ginning of what we now know as tourism … didn’t exist for the majority of people …’
tourism U the business activity connected with providing accommodation, services
and entertainment for people who are visiting a place for pleasure
The area is heavily dependent on tourism.the tourism industry
2 The beginnings of leisure time for working people
Pay attention to the first sentence, which introduces the topic of the paragraph: ‘… the
experience of having “time off” only really began …’
leisure U time that is spent doing what you enjoy when you are not working or
studying
These days we have more money and more leisure to enjoy it.
leisure activities/interests/pursuits
Make the most of your leisure time! the leisure industry
time off U a period of time when you do not work because of illness or holidays, or
because youremployer has given you permission to do something else:
take/have time off One in five employees admits to taking time off because
of stress.
get/be given/receive time off Staff can get time off for
a close relative's funeral but not for the funeral of a friend.
3 Working-class people began to holiday away from their home towns.
Pay attention to the first sentence, which introduces the topic of the paragraph: ‘… the
idea of an ordinary working-class person leaving their hometown for a holiday …’
holiday (British English) (North American English vacation) [intransitive] (+
adv./prep.) to spend a holiday somewhere
She was holidaying with her family in Ireland.
We often holidayed together.
ordinary adj [usually before noun] not unusual or different in any way
an ordinary sort of day in the ordinary course of events
ordinary people like you and me
tool an instrument such as a hammer, screwdriver, saw, etc. that you hold in your
hand and use for making things, repairing things, etc.
garden tools a cutting tool
power tools (= using electricity) Always select the right tool for the job.
tourism U the business activity connected with providing accommodation, services
and entertainment for people who are visiting a place for pleasure
The area is heavily dependent on tourism.the tourism industry
 typical adj having the usual qualities or features of a particular type of person, thing
or group
SYNONYM REPRESENTATIVE a typical Italian cafe
typical of somebody/something This meal is typical of local cookery.
typical for somebody/something The weather at the moment is not typical
for July.
Opposite atypical
working-class adj from or connected with the social class whose members do not
have much money or power and are usually employed to do manual work (= physical
work using their hands)
a working-class background
Exercise 2
Answers
1 How
tourism U the business activity connected with providing accommodation, services
and entertainment for people who are visiting a place for pleasure
The area is heavily dependent on tourism.the tourism industry
2 Why 3 When
concept an idea or a principle that is connected with something abstract
concept (of something) the concept of social class
concept (that…) the concept that everyone should have equality of
opportunity
time off U a period of time when you do not work because of illness or holidays, or
because youremployer has given you permission to do something else:
take/have time off One in five employees admits to taking time off because
of stress.
get/be given/receive time off Staff can get time off for
a close relative's funeral but not for the funeral of a friend.
4 What 5 Where
railroad (British English railway) (British English also railway line) a track with
rails on which trains run
railroad tracks
extend [intransitive] + adv./prep. to cover a particular area, distance or length of time
Our land extends as far as the river.
His writing career extended over a period of 40 years.
Exercise 3
connotation an idea suggested by a word in addition to its main meaning
The word ‘professional’ has connotations of skill and excellence.negative
connotations
Answers
1 a negative adjective
This gap requires a descriptive word (an adjective) which explains why most people
didn’t travel.The adjective is likely to be negative.
descriptive adj saying what somebody/something is like; describing something
 the descriptive passages in the novel
The term I used was meant to be purely descriptive (= not judging).
2 a noun/noun phrase
This gap requires something which tells us what people travelled for.
3 a noun/noun phrase
This gap requires a time or period.
4 a positive adjective
This gap requires a descriptive word (an adjective) which explains the effect of holidays
on employees and the benefit to business. The adjective is likely to be positive.
descriptive adj saying what somebody/something is like; describing something
the descriptive passages in the novel
The term I used was meant to be purely descriptive (= not judging).
benefit [uncountable, countable] an advantage that something gives you; a helpful
and useful effect that something has
I've had the benefit of a good education.
The new regulations will be of benefit to everyone concerned.
It will be to your benefit to arrive early.
5 a noun/noun phrase
This gap requires a place.
Exercise 4
Answers
leisure U time that is spent doing what you enjoy when you are not working or
studying
These days we have more money and more leisure to enjoy it.
leisure activities/interests/pursuits
Make the most of your leisure time! the leisure industry
tourism U the business activity connected with providing accommodation, services
and entertainment for people who are visiting a place for pleasure
The area is heavily dependent on tourism.the tourism industry
1 impossible 2 religious reasons
religious adj [only before noun] connected with religion or with a particular religion
religious beliefs/faith religious education (= education about religion)
religious instruction (= instruction in a particular religion)
religious groups
3 industrial age
age [countable] a particular period of history
the nuclear age the age of the computer
concept an idea or a principle that is connected with something abstract
concept (of something) the concept of social class
concept (that…) the concept that everyone should have equality of
opportunity
time off U a period of time when you do not work because of illness or holidays, or
because youremployer has given you permission to do something else:
 take/have time off One in five employees admits to taking time off because
of stress.
get/be given/receive time off Staff can get time off for
a close relative's funeral but not for the funeral of a friend.
4 more productive
productive adj making goods or growing crops, especially in large quantities
highly productive farming land productive workers
The aim was to maximize the machine’s productive capacity.
Opposite unproductive
business [countable] a commercial organization such as a company, shop/store or
factory
to have/start/run a business business premises
She works in the family business.
extension [uncountable, countable] the act of making something longer or larger; the
thing that is made longer and larger
The extension of the subway will take several months.
extensions to the original railway track
hair extensions (= pieces of artificial hair that are added to your hair to make
it longer)
railroad (British English railway) (British English also railway line) a track with
rails on which trains run
railroad tracks
5 seaside towns
seaside adj [only before noun] (especially British English) connected with an area
that is by the sea/ocean, especially one where people go for a day or a
holiday/vacation
a seaside resort a seaside vacation home
ordinary adj [usually before noun] not unusual or different in any way
an ordinary sort of day in the ordinary course of events
ordinary people like you and me
How leisure time developed
1
leisure U time that is spent doing what you enjoy when you are not working or
studying
These days we have more money and more leisure to enjoy it.
leisure activities/interests/pursuits
Make the most of your leisure time! the leisure industry
tourism U the business activity connected with providing accommodation, services
and entertainment for people who are visiting a place for pleasure
The area is heavily dependent on tourism.the tourism industry
beforehand adv earlier; before something else happens or is done
two weeks/three days/a few hours beforehand
I wish we'd known about it beforehand.
pilgrimage U C a journey to a holy place for religious reasons
 to go on/make a pilgrimage
sacred adj connected with God or a god; considered to be holy
a sacred image/shrine/temple sacred music
Cows are sacred to Hindus.
shrine a place where people come to worship because it is connected with a holy
person or event
shrine (to somebody/something) a shrine to the Virgin Mary
shrine (of somebody/something) to visit the shrine of Mecca
cathedral the main church of a district, under the care of a bishop (= a priest of high
rank)
St Paul’s Cathedral (British English) a cathedral city
spiritual adj connected with religion
a spiritual leader
holy adj [usually before noun] connected with God or a particular religion
the Holy Bible/Scriptures holy ground
a holy war (= one fought to defend the beliefs of a particular religion)
2
ordinary adj [usually before noun] not unusual or different in any way
an ordinary sort of day in the ordinary course of events
ordinary people like you and me
time off U a period of time when you do not work because of illness or holidays, or
because youremployer has given you permission to do something else:
take/have time off One in five employees admits to taking time off because
of stress.
get/be given/receive time off Staff can get time off for
a close relative's funeral but not for the funeral of a friend.
tool an instrument such as a hammer, screwdriver, saw, etc. that you hold in your
hand and use for making things, repairing things, etc.
garden tools a cutting tool
power tools (= using electricity) Always select the right tool for the job.
mass adj [only before noun] affecting or involving a large number of people or things
mass unemployment/production weapons of mass destruction
Their latest product is aimed at the mass market.
scale [singular, uncountable] the size or extent of something, especially when
compared with something else
They entertain on a large scale (= they hold expensive parties with a lot of
guests).
Here was corruption on a grand scale.
scale of something It was impossible to comprehend the full scale of the
disaster.
independent (of somebody/something) not connected with or influenced by
something; not connected with each other
The police force should be independent of direct government control.
Two independent research bodies reached the same conclusions.
 emerge [intransitive] to start to exist; to appear or become known
After the elections opposition groups began to emerge.
emerge as something He emerged as a key figure in the campaign.
realistic adj sensible and appropriate; possible to achieve
SYNONYM FEASIBLE, VIABLE We must set realistic goals.
a realistic target to pay a realistic salary
continuous adj happening or existing for a period of time without interruption
Recovery after the accident will be a continuous process that may take several
months.
Stop smoking and you will see a continuous improvement in your health.
monotonous adj never changing and therefore boring
SYNONYM DULL, REPETITIOUS
a monotonous voice/diet/routine monotonous work
New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.
relatively adv to a fairly large degree, especially in comparison to something else
I found the test relatively easy.
We had relatively few applications for the job.
phenomenon (pl. phenomena) a fact or an event in nature or society, especially one
that is not fully understood
cultural/natural/social phenomena
Early retirement is a relatively new phenomenon in Britain.
rule [transitive, intransitive] to control and have authority over a country, a group of
people, etc.
rule something At that time John ruled England.
rule (over somebody/something) Charles I ruled for eleven years.
class [countable + singular or plural verb] one of the groups of people in a society that
are thought of as being at the same social or economic level
the working/middle/upper class
The party tries to appeal to all classes of society. the professional classes
allowance the amount of something that is allowed in a particular situation
a baggage allowance of 20 kilos
Roman soldiers received a salt allowance, called salarium, the origin of the
word salary.
efficient adj doing something well and thoroughly with no waste of time, money or
energy
an efficient secretary efficient heating equipment
fuel-efficient cars (= that do not use much fuel)
3
still adv despite what has just been said
Although he promised faithfully to come, I still didn't think he would.
We searched everywhere but we still couldn't find it.
The weather was cold and wet. Still, we had a great time.
ordinary adj [usually before noun] not unusual or different in any way
an ordinary sort of day in the ordinary course of events
 ordinary people like you and me
working-class adj from or connected with the social class whose members do not
have much money or power and are usually employed to do manual work (= physical
work using their hands)
a working-class background
influential adj having a lot of influence on somebody/something
a highly influential book
influential in something She is one of the most influential figures in local
politics.
influential in doing something The committee was influential in formulating
government policy on employment.
railroad (British English railway) (British English also railway line) a track with
rails on which trains run
railroad tracks
route a fixed way along which a bus, train, etc. regularly travels or goods are
regularly sent
The house is not on a bus route. shipping routes
a cycle route (= a path that is only for cyclists)
extend [intransitive] + adv./prep. to cover a particular area, distance or length of time
Our land extends as far as the river.
His writing career extended over a period of 40 years.
settlement [countable] a place where people have come to live and make their homes,
especially where few or no people lived before
signs of an Iron Age settlement a mining settlement
delicacy [countable] a type of food considered to be very special in a particular place
SYNONYM SPECIALITY local delicacies
Dr Jaffrey handed us a plate of dates: traditionally the delicacy with which to
break the Ramadan fast.
fish and chips U a dish of fish that has been fried in batter served with chips / fries,
and usually bought in the place where it has been cooked and eaten at home, etc.,
especially in Britain
Three portions of fish and chips, please.
a fish and chip shop
spectacular adj very impressive
SYNONYM BREATHTAKING spectacular scenery
Messi scored a spectacular goal.
It was a spectacular achievement on their part.
resort [countable] a place where a lot of people go on holiday/vacation
seaside/ski/mountain, etc. resorts
(British English) a popular holiday resort
coastline the land along a coast, especially when you are thinking of its shape or
appearance
a rugged/rocky/beautiful coastline
to protect the coastline from oil spillage