Renaissance The three technology affected in the society during this

period
 Renaissance was a fervent period of European
cultural, artistic, political and economic “rebirth” 1. Printing Press
following the middle ages.  Johann Gutenberg
 Generally described as taking place from the 14 th  1440
century to the 17th century, the renaissance  Germany
promoted the rediscovery of classical philosophy, 2. Telescope
literature and art.  Nicolaus Copernicus
 17th Century
 From Darkness to Light: Renaissance Begins  Netherland
 The middle ages a period took place between the fall 3. Eyeglasses
of ancient Rome in 476 A.  SalvinoD’armateDegliArmate
 “Dark Ages” this era is often branded as a time of  1284-15th century
war, ignorance, famine and pandemics such as the  Italy
Black Death
 Humanism Scientific Revolution
 During the 14th century, a culture movement called
 In the 1500s and 1600s the Scientific Revolution
humanism in Italy.
changed the way Europeans looked at the world.
 Humanism promoted the idea that “man was the
 People began to make conclusions based on
Center of his universe”
experimentation and observation, instead of merely
 People should embrace human achievement like in
accepting traditional ideas.
education, classical arts, literature and science.
 Medici Family Before the Scientific Revolution…
 The Renaissance started in Florence, Italy, a place
Ptolemy(87-140 A.D.)
with a rich cultural history where wealthy citizens
 Ptolemy taught that the Earth was the center of the
could afford to support building artists.
universe.
 Renaissance Geniuses Ptolemy’s geocentric model of the solar system:
 Some of the famous and groundbreaking o Earth
o Moon
Renaissance intellectuals, artists, scientist, and o Mercury
writers. o Venus
 Renaissance Art, Architecture and Science o Sun
o Mars
 Art, architecture and science were closely linked o Jupiter
during the Renaissance. o Saturn
 It was a unique time when these fields of study fused Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)
together seamlessly.  In 1543 Copernicus published On the Revolutions of
 Renaissance Exploration the Heavenly Spheres.
 Many artists and thinkers used their talents to  The Heliocentric Theory
express new ideas. o Sun was center of the universe
 In a period known as the Age of Discovery, several o Planets & stars revolved around the sun.
important explorations were made.
o Known as the heliocentric theory
 Renaissance Religion Copernicus’ model of the solar system:
 Humanism encouraged Europeans to question the o Sun
o Moon
role of Roman Catholic Church during the o Mercury
Renaissance. o Venus
 End of the Renaissance o Earth
o Mars
 Scholars believe the demise of the Renaissance was o Jupiter
the result of several compounding. o Saturn

How did Science and Technology change society during this Galileo Galilei(1564-1642)
period? Built on new theories about astronomy.
 Wrote Starry Messenger
 Technologies during this period have affected the
 Described his observations from his self-made
society and economy. The increase of technology allows
telescope.
people to move from rural places to cities, by these, the
 Challenged by the church because it supported the
tax of the city increased as well as the city’s size. It made
heliocentric theory & it went against church
the people to engage more in trading. They didn’t only
teaching.
trade products but also ideas and it made the people
 1992, Catholic Church admitted Galileo had been
wiser and less ignorant.
right!
The Scientific Method
o Industrial – Having to do with industry, business or
 State the problem manufacturing.
 Collect information o Revolution – a huge change or a change in the way things
 Form a hypothesis are done.
 Test the hypothesis
How Science and Technology changes society?
 Record & analyze data
 State a conclusion  James Wat - First reliable steam engine (1775)
 Repeat steps 1 – 6  Robert Fulton - Regular steamboat service on the
Isaac Newton(1642-1727) Hudson River (1807)
 Newton was the most influential scientist of the  George Brayton - first liquid-fueled internal
Scientific combustion engine (1872)
 He used math to prove the existence of gravity - a  Nikola Tesla - Induction electric motor ( 1888)
force that kept planets in their orbits around the sun,  Orville and Wilbur Wright – First Airplane (1903)
and also caused objects to fall towards the earth .  Henry Ford - Model T Ford, large-scale moving
assembly line (1908, 1913)
Francis Bacon(1561-1626)
 Bacon popularized the scientific method and used it Technology Examples
with philosophy and knowledge Transportation
o Transportation
René Descartes(1596-1650) o Passenger carriers
 Descartes emphasized human reasoning as the best o Original Steam Engine
road to understanding. o Steam locomotive
Other Scientific Advances Leland Stanford
 A system for transmitting messages from a distance
Chemistry along a wire, especially one creating signals by
 Robert Boyle making and breaking an electrical connection.
 Boyle also explained the effect of temperature and
pressure on gases. Communication
Medicine o Samuel F.B. Morse – Telegraph (1836)
 Andreas Vesalius o Alexander Graham Bell – Telephone (1876)
 Vesalius’ book was the first accurate and detailed
book on human anatomy. Textile
 Anton vonLeeuwenhoek o Spinning wheel
 A Dutch inventor who perfected the microscope and o The spinning jenny
became the first human to see cells and o Spinning Mule
microorganisms. o Power Loom
Scientific Instruments Agriculture
o The reaper
Microscope – Zacharias Janssen
o The seed drill
 is an instrument used to see objects that are too
o Mechanical reaper
small to be seen by the naked eye. Microscopy is the
science of investigating small objects and structures Three technologies that affected society during Industrial
using such an instrument. Revolution
Barometer – EvangelistaTorricelli o Power technology
 is a scientific instrument used to measure air o Windmills
pressure. Pressure tendency can forecast short term o Steam engines
changes in the weather.
Western Imperialism
Thermometer – DanielFahrenheit  is when a very powerful country takes over all or part
 is used in health care to measure and monitor body of another weaker country so that they can take as
temperature. many of other weaker country’s resources as
Industrial Revolution possible.
 The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in Western Imperialism was divided into two categories:
the late 1700s until it reaches Europe and US and o Old Imperialism (16th century—early 18th century)
textile industry is the first innovation that enabled o New Imperialism (Late 1800s—Early 1900s)
this revolution. First and Second Industrial
Revolutionare the two phases of Industrial Old imperialism causes:
Revolution.
  3 G’s: Gold, Glory and God
New Imperialism
 This New Imperialist Age gained its motivation from
economic, military, political, humanitarian, and
religious reasons, as well as from the development
and acceptance of a new theory—Social Darwinism
—and advances in technology.
How science and technology change society during this
period?
Improvements in Medicine
Knowledge of diseases cause & prevention increases;
 Germ theory
 Malaria spread by mosquitoes leads to swamp
draining
 Better nutrition
 Improved sanitation
 Hospitals and new medicine; led to population
increase
Transportation
 Steamships and Railroads Canals
 Quick, safe, dependable
 Long distance travelling capable of transporting large
quantities
 Reduce shipping distances and times
Technologies that affected society during this period:
o Telegram and telephone
o Radio
o Machine gun, Cannon and Bombs
Microelectronics and Photonics
 According to Techopedia, Microelectronics is a
subdivision of the field of electronics that deals with
very small and microscopic elements to manufacture
electronic components. Microelectronics has been
rapidly evolving as the most in-demand field of
electronics because of the ever-increasing demand
for inexpensive and lightweight equipment.
Microelectronics Devices that used in the Philippines
Computer
 According to Techopedia, computer is a machine or
device that performs processes, calculations and
operations based on instructions provided by a
software or hardware program. It is designed to
execute applications and provides a variety of
solutions by combining integrated hardware and
software components.
Cell Phones
 A cellular phone is a telecommunication device that
uses radio waves over a networked area (cells) and is
served through a cell site or base station at a fixed
location, enabling calls to transmit wirelessly over a
wide range, to a fixed landline or via the Internet.
 In this networked system, the cellular phone is
identified as a mobile system consisting of the
equipment and SIM card that actually assigns the
mobile telephone number.
Memory Card
 A memory card is a type of storage device that is
used for storing media and data files. It provides a
permanent and non-volatile medium to store data
and files from the attached device. Memory cards
are commonly used in small, portable devices, such
as cameras and phones.
USB Flash Drive
 A USB flash drive is a device used for data storage
that includes a flash memory and an integrated
Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface. Most USB flash
drives are removable and rewritable. Physically, they
are small, durable and reliable. The larger their
storage space, the faster they tend to operate. USB
flash drives are mechanically very robust because
there are no moving parts. They derive the power to
operate from the device to which they are connected
(typically a computer) via the USB port.
Hard Disk Drive
 A hard disk drive (HDD) is a non-volatile computer
storage device containing magnetic disks or platters
rotating at high speeds. It is a secondary storage
device used to store data permanently, random
access memory (RAM) being the primary memory
device. Non-volatile means data is retained when the
computer is turned off. A hard disk drive is also
known as a hard drive.
Photonics
 the study and design of devices and systems, such as
optical fibres, that depend on the transmission,
modulation, or amplification of streams of photons
the branch of physics that deals with photons and
their applications in telecommunication, data
processing, etc.
Photonics devices that used in the Philippines
Bar code Scanner
 A barcode scanner (also called as a price scanner or a
point-of-sale scanner) is a handheld or stationery
input device used to capture, read and record the
information stored in a bar code in the form of black
and white lines. A barcode scanner has three
components: a scanner, a decoder (which can be
either external or may be built-in), and a cable to
ensure a stable connection of the scanner with a
desktop computer. A barcode scanner sends the data
it captures on the barcode to a computer wherein a
software application decodes it to get relevant
information from the codes.
Remote Control
 A remote control (RC) is a small, usually hand-held,
electronic device for controlling another device, such
as a television, radio or audio/video recording
device. Remote controls commonly operates via
infrared signals but sometimes by radio frequency
signals. The remote control may control a variety of
 functions such as volume, channel, track number and
other functions. Modern remote control devices
often have more controlling functions than are found
on the device itself, which may have only a few
primary essential controls.
Printer
 A printer is a device that accepts text and graphic
output from a computer and transfers the
information to paper, usually to standard size sheets
of paper. Printers vary in size, speed, sophistication,
and cost. In general, more expensive printers are
used for higher-resolution color printing.
CD/DVD Devices
 An optical disc drives that reads and writes all
common CD and DVD formats. All modern optical
drives that come with personal computers are
CD/DVD drives.
Telecommunications
 Telecommunications refers to the exchange of
information by electronic and electrical means over a
significant distance. A complete telecommunication
arrangement is made up of two or more stations
equipped with transmitter and receiver devices. A
single co-arrangement of transmitters and receivers,
called a transceiver, may also be used in many
telecommunication stations.
Telecommunications devices include telephones,
telegraph, radio, and microwave communication
arrangements, fiber optics, satellites and the
Internet. Telecommunications is also known as
telecom
Computers & Information Technology
Computer Technology
 Correlates with information technology and is used
for study of computers,
networks, computer networks, etc. It encompasses a
developing list of different software programs and
devices.
Information Technology
 The technology involving the development,
maintenance, and use of computer systems,
software, and networks for the processing and
distribution of data. - Merriam Webster
Technology/ies
 is changing constantly and new products and
services are being introduced daily.
Examples of Technology
Smartphones
 is an integrated computer and other features not
originally associated with telephones, such as an
operating system, web browsing and the ability to
run software application
Positive – Instant Communication, Web Surfing, Camera,
Entertainment, Education, Productivity Apps, GPS, Privacy
Negative – Costly, Poor Social Interaction, Distraction, Health
Issues, Addiction, Privacy Threats, Extra Work, Uncensored
Content
Internet
 one of the greatest creations and gives everyone in
the world with Internet access instant access to an
endless supply of knowledge and entertainment.
Positive – Communication Forum, Abundant Information,
Inexhaustible Education, Entertainment for Everyone, Online
Services and E-commerce
Negative – Internet Addiction Disorder, Web Crime, Social
Alienation
Virtual Reality
 is an artificial environment that is created with
software and presented to the user in such a way
that the user suspends belief and accepts it as a real
environment.
Positive – Redefines the idea of communication, Used most
notably in the different fields, People who are not experience
reality such as disabled person, Tourism, Make Impossible to
Possible
Negative – Costly, Communication using this technology
would be susceptible to deception, Addiction, It is still
developing and there are still many flaws to be worked to,
Health Issues
Hardware
 covers all of those parts of a computer that are
tangible physical objects. Circuits, computer chips,
graphic cards, sound cards, memory (RAM),
motherboard, displays, power supplies, cables,
keyboards, printers and "mice" input devices are all
hardware.
Software
 refers to parts of the computer which do not have a
material form, such as programs, data, protocols, etc.
Software is that part of a computer system that
consists of encoded information or computer
instructions
Positive – Business tools, Databases, Education tools,
Government tools, Medical, Personal tools, Protective tools
and etc.
Negative – Computer spam, Computer viruses, Web
pornography, Hacking tools, Difficulty in correcting errors in
computerized data
Internet and other Advanced Telecommunication
Technologies in the Philippines
 It refers to the exchange of information by electronic
and electrical means over a significant distance.
 The transmission of information, as words, sounds or
images usually over great distances, in the form of
electromagnetic signals. Also known as “telecom”.
Examples of Technology
Internet
 A global computer network providing a variety of
information and communication facilities.
 According to Meriam Webster, “An electronic
communications network that connects computer
networks and organizational computer facilities
around the world.”
Positive – Easy and fast source of information
- Provides some of the most effective means of
communication among people.
- Makes works easier and saves our time
Negative – The net is full of violence and pornography
- You can get addicted to internet
- It is harmful to your eyesight and spine.
Mobile Phone
 a wireless handheld device that allows users to make
and receive calls and to send text messages, among
other features. Mobile phone has also known as
“cellphones”.
Positive – Many people carry mobile phones for security and
in case of emergency situation.
- Improves knowledge
- Make it easier to stay in touch with the people you
care about.
- Conduct business from anywhere in the world via
mobile phones.
Negative – Stop interacting with friends.
- Expensive for video calls
- Waste huge time of teens
- Causing health problems/ Physical damage
- Hard to focus on a single task without being
distracted.
Philippine Communication satellite
 Diwata-1 – It is the first Philippine microsatellite and
the first satellite built and designed by Filipinos.
Philippine microsatellite launched to the
International space Station in March 23, 2016. It is as
small as a “coffee table” one that’s really fast and
equipped with high-tech cameras. Also known as
“Philippine microsat-1”.
Positive – High bandwidth
- Coverage over a large geographical area
- Can be cheaper over long distances
Negative – Use initial caused
- Noise and interference
- Propagation delay
Two Way radio
 is a radio that can both transmit and receive radio
signals/communications. Design for bidirectional
person-to-person voice communication with other
users. It also commonly called “transceiver”
Positive – Cost Less
- No monthly fees
- Quick communication toward co-workers
- Long Battery life (14-16 hours )
Negative – Easy availability may result in the channels being
congested with multiple users.
- Easily block the radios or atleast inhibit
transmission.
Telephone
 An instrument for reproducing sounds at a distance;
specially : one n which sound is converted into
electrical impulses for transmission.
Positive – Easy and available means of communication.
- Less expensive
- 3G and 4G
- Distance doesn’t matter
Negative – Network problem
- Miss Calls
- Absence of face to face conversation
- Miss-understandings
Automation, Robotics and other Advanced
Manufacturing Automation
 is the technology by which a process or procedure is
performed with minimum human assistance. Control
is the use of various control system for operating
equipment.
Examples of science and technology in the last 5 years:
 Veritek Tire Changer
 Precinct Count Optical Scanner (PCOS) Machine
 Automatic Gear (Toyota)
 Atm machines (Security Bank)
The positive and negative aspect in technology on society
The positive aspect of this technology in our society
are the higher production rates and increased productivity,
more efficient use of materials, better product quality,
improved safety.
The negative aspect of this technology in our society
is worker displacement. Despite the social benefits that might
result from retraining displaced workers for other jobs, in
almost all cases the worker whose job has been taken over by
a machine undergoes a period of emotional stress.
Robotics
 Is an interdisciplinary branch
of engineering and science that includes mechanical
engineering, electronic engineering, information
engineering, computer science, and others. Robotics
deals with the design, construction, operation, and
use of robots, as well as computer systems for their
control, sensory feedback, and information
processing.
 These technologies are used to develop machines
that can substitute for humans and replicate human
actions.
Examples of science and technology in the last 5 years:
 hydro, nuclear, electric vehicles, biofuels and smart
 CCTV
grid.
 Flying Drone
 Vacuum Cleaner Examples of Technology
The positive and negative aspect in technology on society Windmills
 Instead of using electricity to make wind, wind
The positive aspect of this technology in our society
turbines use wind to make electricity. The wind turns
they can perform work more efficiently than humans.The
the blades, which in turn spins a generator to create
quality of their work can be checked and corrected
electricity.
immediately if found to be defective. Cost-effectiveness
Advantages 
The negative aspect of this technology in our society
- Renewable and sustainable
Loss of employment opportunities, increased investment
- Cost effective
costs
- Industrial and domestic installation
Advanced manufacturing - Job creation
 is the use of innovative technology to improve Disadvanatages 
products or processes. - Fluctuation of wind and good wind sites
 involves the use of technology to improve products - Noise and aesthetic pollution
and/or processes, with the relevant technology being - Unprofitable use of land
described as "advanced," "innovative," or "cutting - Threat to wildlife
edge."
Solar power
Examples of science and technology in the last 5 years:  A solar power plant generates heat and electricity by
concentrating the sun's energy. That in turn builds
 Conveyor belt (Yakult Philippine INC.) steam that helps to feed a turbine and generator to
produce electricity.
The positive aspect
Advantages 
 Improve efficiency and help to reduce repetitive
- Renewable energy source
lifting and carrying
- Reduces electricity bills
 Less accident prone
- Low maintenance costs
The negative aspect
- Technology development
 Increase unemployment
Disadvanatages 
 Nobbing machine (Mega Global Corporation) - Cost
- Weather dependent
The positive aspect
- Uses a lot of space
 Higher volume production
- Associated with pollution
 Reduction in production time
The negative aspect Hydroelectric power plant
 Unemployment  To generate electricity, the water must move with
enough speed and volume to spin a turbine, which
 12000 Bhp carbonated drink filling machine
rotates a generator to generate electricity.
The positive aspect Advantages 
 Require less manpower - Renewable
 Reduction in production time - Green
- Reliable
The negative aspect
- Flexible
 Unemployment
- Safe
 MTW110 Milling Machine (Holcim Philippine INC.) Disadvanatages 
- Environmental consequences
The positive aspect - Expensive
 Produce/Supply raw materials - Droughts
 Community development project - Limited reservoirs
The negative aspect Geothermal plant
 Erosion  Water or working fluid is heated, and then sent
 Use of cyanide through a steam turbine where the thermal energy
Advanced Energy Technologies (heat) is converted to electricity with a generator.
Advantages 
 encompasses a broad range of services that
- Relatively environment-friendly
constitute the best available technologies for
- Produce large amount of energy
meeting energy needs today and tomorrow. Among - Stable price
these are energy efficiency, energy storage, demand
response, natural gas electric generation, solar, wind, Disadvanatages 
 - Location Positive – It can use to write and express emotions
- Expensive to build Negative – The ink will scattered that will cause messy and
- Environmental damage dirty
Electric vehicles Nanotechnology
 Electric vehicles use electricity as their primary fuel  Study of the controlling matter on an atomic and
or use electricity along with a conventional engine to molecular scale
improve efficiency. Examples
Advantages  PAINT (Boysen)
- No fuel, no emissions Positive – Use to paint the house to make it fully furnish
- Running costs
Negative – The smell is not good for the health especially for
- Low maintenance
- Performance the children
- Popularity MEDICINES (Robitussin)
Disadvanatages  Positive – It can cure cough when you’re not feeling well
- Driving range
Negative – OVERDOSE
- Recharge time
- Battery life PACKAGING (MCDO)
Positive – Clean and neat packaging that catch the attention
Advance Materials, Micromachines and
of the costumers
Nanotechnology Negative – Improper disposal of garbage and can cause mess
Advance Materials to the surroundings.
 Technology is a vital to industrial competitiveness
and innovation across all sectors including healthcare CLOTHING (Penshoppe)
and environment. Positive – Cover human body
Examples Negative – Itchy sometimes to wear
ALLOY (OK brand wire)
Positive – Serve as protection of the house Genetic engineering & biotechnology
Negative – It is harmful because of its sharp ends
Genetic Engineering
MAGNESIUM (Pure)
 also called genetic modification, is the direct
Positive – It could help for human’s health
manipulation of dna to alter an organism’s
Negative – Over dosage
characteristics (phenotype) in a particular way. The
TITANIUM (Seiko) direct manipulation of an organisms genome using
Positive – We will know the exact time. biotechnology. It is a set of technologies used to
Negative – Malfunction of the time change the genetic makeup of cells, including the
transfer of genes within and across species
ALUMINUM (Diamond)
boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms.
Positive – Cover excess foods
Biotechnology
Negative – Harmful effects for the body
 the exploitation of biological processes for industrial
Micromachine and other purposes, especially the genetic
 Tiny man-made machine so small that the moving manipulation of microorganisms for the production
part are all molecules or very tiny molecular of antibiotics, hormones, etc.
structure
Examples
Examples
Goldenrice (gr2e variety)
MICRO SD CARD (San Disk)
 is a new type of rice developed to contain beta
Positive – Can stored lot of files
carotene in its grain. This nutrient, similar to what is
Negative – File corrupted
found in orange-colored fruits and vegetables, is
SMALL TOY CARS (DINOCO) converted to vitamin a as needed by the body
Positive – Itmakes most of children enjoy  golden rice has beta carotene that can be converted
Negative – It is dangerous when the some part of the toys will to vit. A was needed by the human body.
be swallowing  it helps the need to addressvit. A deficiency in
philippines.
NEEDLE (Singer)
Positive – It is use for sewing clothes Why resort to genetic engineering?
Negative – It can cause accident  genetic engineering is a type of modern
biotechnology that allow as transfer of a specific
genes from the same or another organism to
produce desirable trait.
BALLPEN (Pilot)
  Isa tool in plant breeding, it greatly increases the
accuracy of incorporating only the gene of interest,
and its associated trait, into a new variety.
 Golden rice made possible by adding two genes,
plant synthase and a bacterial
phytoenedesaturase,using genetic engineering
technique.
Btcoton (mon 15985 bollgardll)
 Is genetically modifies pest resistant plant cotton
variety, which produces an insecticide to bollworm
 Bacillus thuringiensis these genes encode for the
production on insecticidal proteins or the pest
resistant cotton variety which produces an
insecticide to bollworm
 includes a gene derived from the soil bacterium
b(bacillus) t(thuringiensis) that produces protein that
affect bollworm pest.
 genetically engineered to resist the bollworm that is
partly responsible for the decline of the country's
cotton industry.
Btcorn (zea mays btll variety)
 is corn that has been modified to produce the
insecticidal proteins.
 Genetically modified to contain the cry proteins that
selectively kill a few specific insect species.
 Resistance to pests and herbicide
 Kills lepidoptera larvae / european corn borer
Bteggplant (brinjal variety)
 Genetically engineered because of eggplant growers
pest problem
 bt stands for bacillus thuringiensis, a common soil
bacterium that contains a gene which produces a
protein harmful to fsb. Scientists have incorporated
this gene to eggplant to confer insect resistance.
 Genetically engineered because of eggplant growers
pest problem
 There would be lesser cost of pesticide and labor and
increase in production
 The pest called fruit and shoot borer(fsb)
Btpapaya (cavite/sinta variety)
 First genetically modified fruit authorized for
marketing phil-bred hybrid papaya
 Designed to resist ringspot virus, papaya ringspot
virus (prsv)
 For canning and for papain processing
Positive and negative aspects of genetic engineering and
biotechnology
Positives of biotechnology
Biotechnology has modified plants to have their very
own pest- resistant traits, which makes the use of harmful
pesticides and insecticides less common on the farms. With
the help of biotechnology, we have been able to produce
better tasting fruits as well as vegetables. Plants have become
more resistant to viruses and other communicable pests.
A number of human and animal diseases have found
cure and prevention, all thanks to biotechnology. There are
vaccines which help in preventing as well as lowering the
impact of illnesses, which is otherwise very difficult to control.
Plants and animals are able to yield better fruits and dairy
products with the help of biotechnology.
Negatives of biotechnology
High cost of genetic engineering. Genetic
engineering is a very vital part of biotechnology and the cost
of transferring genes from one species to another is very
expensive, which requires a huge amount of capital
investment. The cost of producing genetically- modified plants
and animals are sky- rocketing and the duration of return is
also not predictable.
Genetic engineering crosses boundaries of
reproduction by crossing genes of species that are completely
unrelated; hence giving rise to hazardous results as well as
also increasing the risk of harming multiple species.
When genetic material from certain viruses is used in the
production of transgenic crops, there are chances that these
virus genes will combine with crop genes to produce more
destructive viruses. The consumption of such crops is
hazardous to human health and can cause several life-
threatening ailments. It can also result in cancer, often
malignant as well.
The use of biotechnology should be restricted to
enhancing the quality of life for plants, animals and human
beings only. Anything beyond that is unnatural and highly
disastrous to us.
The positive effects of genetic engineering
Disease prevention one of the top goals of genetic
engineering is the improvement of health. Imagine a world
without the threat of aids or cancer. Those working in the
genetics field, hope that manipulating the genes of humans
will one day enable science to prevent people from
contracting these potentially deadly diseases. Some diseases
are more likely in certain people because they have a history
of the disease in the family, meaning it could be passed down
and make someone predisposed to a particular illness.
Genetic engineering could theoretically eliminate the passing
of “disease” genes
Pharmaceutical development
Genetic engineering can be used to improve the
drugs available on the marketplace by making them more
effective and safer. By using genetic modification scientists
can make pharmaceuticals more effective than the existing
versions of the medicine. There are already improved versions
of insulin for diabetics and human growth hormones on the
market thanks to genetic engineering. Manipulation of genes
may also make it possible to create plants that contain natural
medicines in labs.
Agriculture
Saving the seeds from the best looking plants to
replant the following year has been a method of manual
genetic selection for many years. But science has made it
possible to engineer plants to produce the biggest and best
fruits and vegetables possible by replacing the genes and
designing plants with the most desirable traits. This leads to
the availability of more and higher quality food that may also
be resistant to the most common plant diseases.
Transplants
one of the most serious problems in medicine is the
lack of available organs on the transplant list. While donating
organs is a good way to help your fellow man, there are
simply not enough to go around. Demand always exceeds the
need, meaning many patients simply can’t survive until a
match is found. But when those patients with failing organs
knew in advance that they would need a new organ, doctors
could simply order it and has a compatible heart, lung or
other part “grown” in a lab. Genetic engineering may be able
to make that a common occurrence eventually.
Negative effects of genetic engineering
New allergens in the food supply
Transgenic crops could bring new allergens into
foods that sensitive individuals would not know to avoid. An
example is transferring the gene for one of the many
allergenic proteins found in milk into vegetables like carrots.
Mothers who know to avoid giving their sensitive children
milk would not know to avoid giving them transgenic carrots
containing milk proteins. The problem is unique to genetic
engineering because it alone can transfer proteins across
species boundaries into completely unrelated organisms
Antibiotic resistance
genetic engineering often uses genes for antibiotic
resistance as "selectable markers." early in the engineering
process, these markers help select cells that have taken up
foreign genes. Although they have no further use, the genes
continue to be expressed in plant tissues. Most genetically
engineered plant foods carry fully functioning antibiotic-
resistance genes.
The presence of antibiotic-resistance genes in foods
could have two harmful effects. First, eating these foods could
reduce the effectiveness of antibiotics to fight disease when
these antibiotics are taken with meals. Antibiotic-resistance
genes produce enzymes that can degrade antibiotics. If a raw
tomato with an antibiotic-resistance gene is eaten at the
same time as an antibiotic, it could potentially destroy the
antibiotic in the stomach.
In addition, the widespread presence of antibiotic-
resistance genes in engineered food suggests that as the
number of genetically engineered products grows, the effects
of antibiotic resistance should be analyzed cumulatively
across the food supply.
Production of new toxins
Many organisms have the ability to produce toxic
substances. For plants, such substances help to defend
stationary organisms from the many predators in their
environment. In some cases, plants contain inactive pathways
leading to toxic substances. Addition of new genetic material
through genetic engineering could reactivate these inactive
pathways or otherwise increase the levels of toxic substances
within the plants. This could happen, for example, if the
on/off signals associated with the introduced gene were
located on the genome in places where they could turn on
the previously inactive genes.
Enhancement of the environment for toxic fungi
Although for the most part health risks are the result
of the genetic material newly added to organisms, it is also
possible for the removal of genes and gene products to cause
problems. For example, genetic engineering might be used to
produce decaffeinated coffee beans by deleting or turning off
genes associated with caffeine production. But caffeine helps
protect coffee beans against fungi. Beans that are unable to
produce caffeine might be coated with fungi, which can
produce toxins. Fungal toxins, such as aflatoxin, are potent
human toxins that can remain active through processes of
food preparation.
Gene transfer to wild or weedy relatives
Novel genes placed in crops will not necessarily stay
in agricultural fields. If relatives of the altered crops are
growing near the field, the new gene can easily move via
pollen into those plants. The new traits might confer on wild
or weedy relatives of crop plants the ability to thrive in
unwanted places, making them weeds as defined above. For
example, a gene changing the oil composition of a crop might
move into nearby weedy relatives in which the new oil
composition would enable the seeds to survive the winter.
Overwintering might allow the plant to become a weed or
might intensify weedy properties it already possesses.
Change in herbicide use paterns
Crops genetically engineered to be resistant to
chemical herbicides are tightly linked to the use of particular
chemical pesticides. Adoption of these crops could therefore
lead to changes in the mix of chemical herbicides used across
the country. To the extent that chemical herbicides differ in
their environmental toxicity, these changing patterns could
result in greater levels of environmental harm overall. In
addition, widespread use of herbicide-tolerant crops could
lead to the rapid evolution of resistance to herbicides in
weeds, either as a result of increased exposure to the
herbicide or as a result of the transfer of the herbicide trait to
weedy relatives of crops. Again, since herbicides differ in their
environmental harm, loss of some herbicides may be
detrimental to the environment overall.
Squandering of valuable pest susceptibility genes
Many insects contain genes that render them
susceptible to pesticides. Often these susceptibility genes
predominate in natural populations of insects. These genes
are a valuable natural resource because they allow pesticides
to remain as effective pest-control tools. The more benign the
pesticide, the more valuable the genes that make pests
susceptible to it.
Poisoned wildlife
Addition of foreign genes to plants could also have
serious consequences for wildlife in a number of
circumstances. For example, engineering crop plants, such as
tobacco or rice, to produce plastics or pharmaceuticals could
endanger mice or deer who consume the crops or crop debris
left in the fields after harvesting. Fish that have been
engineered to contain metal-sequestering proteins (such fish
have been suggested as living pollution clean-up devices)
could be harmful if consumed by other fish or fish-eating
birds and mammals.
Creation of new or worse viruses
One of the most common applications of genetic
engineering is the production of virus-tolerant crops. Such
crops are produced by engineering components of viruses
into the plant genomes. For reasons not well understood,
plants producing viral components on their own are resistant
to subsequent infection by those viruses.
Advances in Health and Medicines
Filipinos are not just good in singing, dancing, acting,
boxing, and representing the country in several international
sports and contests. Aside from being talented, creative, and
strong, Filipinos are also known for being smart and
innovative people.
As the national coordinating body for health
research, the Department of Science and Technology-
Philippine Council for Health Research and Development
(DOST-PCHRD) has continued supporting local programs on
health and health research that provide and strengthen
healthcare delivery and the healthcare industry of the
country.
Here are five local technologies and innovations on
health, supported by DOST-PCHRD, that will make you proud
to be a Filipino.
Axis Knee
 Developed by Orthopedic International Inc., the Axis
Knee System is the first and only knee system designed in
the ASEAN region which allows access to knee
replacement as it is 40-50% cheaper than imported
brands.
 Until she learned of another option: the Axis Knee
Replacement System, the only one of its kind in
Southeast Asia, and which has been in the Philippine
market since July 2015.
 With funding by the Department of Science and
Technology-Philippine Council on Health Research and
Development (DOST-PCHRD), the Axis Knee Replacement
System was developed by a team spearheaded by
internationally renowned surgeon Dr. Ramon B. Gustilo
from Negros Occidental. The team is composed of
Filipino, American, Japanese, and Chinese specialists.
 A knee implant basically has three components: the
femoral (thigh) component made of a highly polished
metal alloy, the tibial (shin) component made of polymer
sometimes held in a metal tray, and the patellar (knee
cap) component which is also made of polymer. A well-
designed knee implant can last up to 20 years.
RxBox
 Jointly developed by the University of the Philippines
(UP) Diliman and Manila, the device reduces unnecessary
travels and hospitalizations as it enables diagnosis,
monitoring, and treatment of patients from
geographically isolated and depressed areas of the
country.
 The connecting medics is a medical device which enables
health workers in remote communities to consult with
medical experts in urban areas, thus providing better
access to life-saving healthcare services in isolated and
disadvantaged communities nationwide.
 It has built-in medical sensors for monitoring blood
pressure and blood oxygen levels, assessing the strength
of contraction of the mother’s uterus, as well as
electrocardiogram and fetal heart monitor.
What can RxBox do?
The RxBox is a telemedicine device capable of
capturing medical signals through built-in medical sensors,
storing data in an electronic medical record (Community
Health Information Tracking System –CHITS), and transmitting
health information via internet to a clinical specialist in the
Philippine General Hospital for expert advice.
It also catalyzes improvement in the local referral
system by facilitating teleconsultations (audio-video
conferences) within the National Telehealth Service Program.
e-HATID
 Follows the success of the 2013 eHealth Technology
Assisted Boards for LGU Efficiency
 Developed by Ateneo De Manila University, the eHealth
TABLET for Informed Decision Making of LGUs (eHATID
LGU) is an android application that provides real time
health information and a facility for direct
communication between local chief executives and rural
health units (RHUs).The main product of the project is
called the eHATID LGU Application, a software application
currently designed for mobile android devices. Its main
feature is an Electronic Medical Record (EMR) system
that can function whether or not you have Internet
connection. The application also aims to conveniently
provide analytical information about the health status of
the local area of its users as well as have integrated
functionality within the LGU and between Rural Health
Units (RHUs) and other government entities.
Biotek-M
 Developed by the UP Manila National Institutes of Health
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, the kit
saves resources for both hospital and patients as it allows
less admission for dengue-suspected cases.
Solution:
 Biotek M is a diagnostic kit which acts as a confirmatory
test for diagnosis of dengue infection inthe first 0-5 days
of illness, and results would be known in an hour or less.
Designed to be used inhospitals or clinics with minimal
laboratory facilities, using Biotek M would mean less
admissionsfor dengue-suspected cases, therefore saving
resources for both hospital and patients. This testis as
efficient but is less costly than the currently available PCR
technology used in denguedetection.
Problem:
 Dengue is dangerous when not treated early. Based on
data from the Department of Health,
 131,827 cases of dengue were recorded nationwide in Food Technology is the application of food science which
2017, with most cases affecting children deals to technique and principles involved in the selection,
from 5-9 years old. There were 732 deaths recorded on preservation, processing, packaging and distribution of food.
the same year. The standard test for The application of food science helps in keeping food
dengue, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test, costs from products safe and resistant from natural harms such as
P7,000-8,000, a cost too high to bear bacteria and other micro-organisms, wholesome and
by the marginalized sector who are the most commonly nutritious that is made available to the consumer. The study
affected by dengue infection. It also takes of food technology is to develop new methods and systems It
at least 24 hours to know the result. is also concerned with the process of getting food from the
farm to the supermarket. The study of food technology is to
OL Trap develop new methods and systems It is also concerned with
 The OL trap was launched in 2011. the process of getting food from the farm to the supermarket.
 Developed by DOST-Industrial Technology Development
Agricultural Technology refers to technology for the
Institute (ITDI), OL Trap works by trapping the eggs and
production of machines used on a farm to help with farming.
larvae ofaegypt in their laying site with active organic
Agricultural machines have been designed for practically
solution and killing them in the process before hatching
every stage of the agricultural process. Agricultural
and going to adult stage.
technology covers everything from powered machinery that
 The Department of Science and Technology’s (DOST)
does work formerly preformed my people and animals to
dengue prevention kits, called OvicidalLarvicidalTraps or
enhanced seed technologies to agrochemicals that support
simply OL Traps, were handed out for free to visitors of
crop growth and protect plants from destructive weeds and
the 12th National Biotechnology Week recently at the
insects. They include machines for tilling the soil, planting
Bureau of Soils and Water Management in Quezon City.
seeds, irrigating the land, cultivating crops, protecting them
An OL Trap is composed of a black canister, a
from pests and weeds, harvesting, threshing grain, livestock
“lawanit“paddle, and pellets. Putting OL Traps under the
feeding, and sorting and packaging the products.
furniture, beside discarded tires and other dark, shady
“areashelps” decrease the “Aedesaegyptimosquito” 2ZS-4C (MECHANIZED RICE TRANSPLANTING TECHNOLOGY)
population as mosquito eggs and larvae die in contact  This course is developed through a collaborative
with the trap’s organic active solution.This limits dengue effort between the Agricultural Training Institute and
cases especially among school children. the Phil-Sino Center for Agricultural Technology
POSITIVE EFFECT NEGATIVE EFFECT
based in Muñoz, Nueva Ecija.Transplanting requires
AXIS KNEE SYSTEM less seed but much more labor. Mechanized rice
Eliminating the pain, reducing the transplanting is seen as a solution to lessen labor
disability, and making the arthritic Not all Filipinos can afford problems.
patients' life much better.
RxBox Not all Filipinos can access due AERIAL SPRAYING DRONE(enRoute)
enable health workers to diagnose, to lack of facilities especially  This aerial spraying drone can irrigate 1 hectare of
monitor and treat patients within the Public Centers.
rural health facility
farmland in 10 minutes, making the task easier and
e-HATID ideal for the terraced farms in the region.
An electronic medical record mobile Not all Patients can access due  It was tested by the Department of Agriculture last
application that generates reports for the to no available device which is year in the farms of Benguet region.
Philippine Health Insurance Corporation applicable for that specific
and Department of Health and also application.
WHAT IT CAN DO?
ensures a more comprehensive patient Can carry tanks of fertilizers and pesticides in order
record system to help save time and to spray crops located in higher elevated slope where
effort for both health workers and traditional spraying method is hard to operate.
patients.
Biotek-M Filipinos does usually believed DZ260 BINZAP PACKAGING (DESKTOP FOOD VACUUM
Allows less admissions for dengue- on herbal medication rather PACKAGING MACHINE)
suspected cases, therefore saving than technological treatment
resources for both Hospitals and Patients  Removes air from the package prior to sealing. This
method involves (manually or automatically) placing
OL Trap items in a plastic film package, removing air from
It does not contain any harmful The people could not prove inside, and sealing the package. Shrink film is
chemicals or toxic. It is also much either it is effective or not since
sometimes used to have a tight fit to the contents.
cheaper compared with other it is just a mere cap which
mosquito control products. The OL trap is people put water and stir  The intent of vacuum packing is usually to remove
a prevention strategy to curb the chemical on it. oxygen from the container to extend the shelf life of
population of dengue-carrying foods and, with flexible package forms, to reduce the
mosquitoes
volume of the contents and package.
Food Technology and Agricultural Technology KUBOTA (TRACTOR)
 A tractor is an engineering vehicle specifically
designed to deliver a high tractive effort (or torque)
 at slow speeds, for the purposes of hauling a trailer
or machinery used in agriculture or construction.
QS505A FOOD PROCESSOR (MINERVA)
 Food Processor can blend, chop, dice, and slice
allowing for a quicker meal preparation. A food
processor typically requires little to no liquid during
use, unlike a blender, which requires a set amount of
liquid in order for the blade to properly blend the
food.
Positive and negative aspects of these technologies to
society
Positive Negative
2ZS-4C (MECHANIZED RICE TRANSPLANTING TECHNOLOGY)
Can cover more area with less Transplanting machines and its
labour, reduces the burden of maintenance are expensive; so
the farmer. poor farmers cannot afford
Can achieve uniform spacing them.
and plant density. Need of training on machine
Uniform depth of transplanting operations makes it time
of seedlings is possible. consuming and expensive.

enRoute (AERIAL SPRAYING DRONE)

Can protect the farmers who Short flight time, between 20
spray crops manually from the minutes to an hour.
risk of potential pesticide Quite expensive.
exposure. If it is extreme weather outside
or rainy outside you may not be
able to fly them because of
some risks.
DZ260 BINZAP PACKAGING (DESKTOP FOOD VACUUM PACKAGING
MACHINE)
Prevents bacteria buildup that Buying a vacuum packaging
can spoilage in foods. machine can be expensive.
Saves your time.
Preserve food by preventing the
growth of mold or bacteria

KUBOTA (TRACTORS)
Can pull heavy loads Lacking speed
They are built to last many Requires careful maintenance
years, and are able to withstand (just like a car)
harsh conditions They produce exhaust of diesel
Makes farming, planting, fumes (bad for the environment)
seeding, tilling, fertilizing, and
reaping much faster and
efficient than if done by hand

QS505A FOOD PROCESSOR (MINERVA)

We get food materials out of Processed food-stuffs often lose
season. nutrients.
It prevents spoilage of food stuff. The original taste changes to
It enables the availability of food some extent.
material at distant places.
Storage period increases