13

INFORMATIVE FILE

COURSE
ENGLISH I

TEACHING

BALLADARES GONZALES JUAN JOSÉ

CYCLE
II

STUDENT
GARCÍA MAJUÁN JOSÉ ANTONIO

CAREER
CIVIL ENGINEERING

FACULTY
ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN
PLANNING

CHICLAYO – PERÚ
 13
2

2018

PRODUCTO ACREDITABLE
GLOSARIO
1. ABUJARDADO
The bushhammer is one of the
most traditional finishes; It is
a rustic finish. It is applied by
hitting it several times with a
bujarda that goes plucking
and tilling the surface of the
stone until leaving it with the
desired textur.

2. ADHESIVE PASTE
Paste based on synthetic resins
in aqueous dispersion, organic
and inorganic additives and
compensated mineral fillers,
with a flexible behavior, suitable
for placing ceramics on all types
of supports, except in immersion.

3. ADOBE
Clay mass in the form of brick, air dried.
 13
3

4.

AGGREGATE
Granular material of mineralogical composition such as sand,
gravel, slag, or crushed rock, used to be mixed in different
sizes.

5. ALKALINITY
Property of
a material
whose pH is
between 7
and 14 (for
example
cement).

6. ARC

From the Latin arcus, is the linear constructive element of

curved shape, which saves the space between two pillars or
walls. It is composed of pieces called voussoirs, and can adopt
 13
4

various curved shapes. It is

very useful to save relatively
large spaces with small pieces.

7. ARCADE
Architectural element
formed by arches that
crown a series of pillars or
columns to form a
rectilinear or circular
supporting system. The
archway can be a portico.

8. ARCHIVATE
Bottom of the entablature
on which the briso rests
and which rests directly
on the column.

9. ARMOR
Set of pieces of wood or
iron joined to each other, to
support or reinforce
elements of construction. It
 13
5

is also the set of rods and wires that form the skeleton of a
piece of reinforced concrete.

10. ASPHALT
Cementing material, of dark
brown color to black,
constituted mainly by
natural bitumen’s or
obtained by refining the
petroleum. Asphalt is found
in varying proportions in
most petroleum crudes.

11.BAR
Thick rod of iron or other
material.

12.BARROTE
 13
6

Wooden bar that is placed

to prevent something or
someone from falling from
a place; Solid and resistant
bar, usually iron, to secure
an object, close an exit or
protect a place.

13. BASALT
Very hard volcanic rock,
black or greenish, formed
mainly of feldspar and
pyroxene or augite, which is
used in sculpture. Once
polished, it has a smooth
and shiny surface, which
turns out to be very pleasing
to the eye.

14.BRACKET
 13
7

Element that protrudes

from a vertical plane and
serves to support
something. It differs from
the cartels in that it has
more flight than height.

15.BRIDGE
Construction that rises over a depression of the land (river,
canal, moat, etc.) or another site to communicate two sides.

16.BUILDING
Construction of large
dimensions made with
stones, bricks and resistant
materials that is intended to
serve as housing or space for
the development of a human
activity

17. BUTTRESS
 13
8

Solid stone attached to the outside of a wall, which serves as a

reinforcement to withstand the lateral pressure or the thrusts
of a vault.

18. CALICATES
Surface excavation carried out on a plot of land, in order to
allow the observation of soil strata at different depths and
eventually obtain samples that are generally disturbed.

19. CALZADURAS

The calzaduras are provisional structures that are designed and

constructed to support the neighboring foundations and the
exposed wall floor, product of the excavations carried out.
 13
9

20. CHAIN
Structural element formed by reinforced concrete that is
placed horizontally to delimit the construction of a wall and
the next superior on it, one is used per level.

21. COHESION

Concrete
property that describes the facility or di I culture of cement
paste and the mixture with the aggregates, to attract to
remain as a suspension in the concrete, avoiding the
disintegration of the materials. in the sand.
To the cohesion force that is the attraction between molecules
that hold together the particles of a substance.

22.COLUMN
 13
10

A column is a vertical
architectural piece with an
elongated shape that serves,
in general, to support the
weight of the structure,
although it can also have
decorative purposes.

23. COMPATIBILITY
When two products of different nature can join or coexist
without opposite reaction of any kind.

24. CONCRETE

Deformable element, formed by cement, gravel, sand and

water, in the plastic state takes the shape of the container, a
chemical reaction occurs between the cement and the water,
this makes the mixture frague and becomes a rigid element,
used as construction material and supports large compression
loads.

25.CONSOLIDATION
 13
11

Process by which the excess

water is expelled between
soil particles and this allows
to reduce the space between
them obtaining a better
shaped soil.

26.COLLAR
It is the part that contours to the hollow of a staircase or the
one of contact with the breakwater, if it is a spiral staircase
with central turnip.

27. CORROSION
It is the oxidation of these
metallic elements when they
come in contact with
moisture or water and may
even cause their destruction.

28. CORRUGATED
Object whose surface presents continuous and regular grooves.
 13
12

29.

CUTWATER
It is the part that is added to the piles of the bridges,
upstream and downstream, in a curved or angular form, so
that it can cut the water from the stream and divide it equally
on both sides of those. These constructions make the bridges
offer less resistance to the force of water.

30.
CURB
Row of

narrow, elongated stones that form the edge of a sidewalk,

side or other

31.DOME
 13
13

A vault of uniform curvature

that rises on a circular base of
semicircular section, pointed or
bulbous and covers an element or
part of it.

32.DISPLAME
Extraction and removal of the
superficial layer of the natural
terrain manually or
mechanically.

33. DIPSTICK
Steel elements that are
used as reinforcement
in the construction of
concrete elements such
as trapes, slabs,
columns, shoes, etc., the
rods resist tensile
forces, and it is this
characteristic that
allows them to be used to reinforce the concrete.

34.DITCH
It is a long and narrow
excavation that is carried out in
a land to execute the
 13
14

foundations of a building or to place the pipes of water, gas,

electricity, etc.

35.EDIFICATION
Construction whose main function is to house people, animals
or things.

36.

EMBANKMENT
In Civil Engineering
is termed land fill
with which a land is
filled to raise its
level and form a
suitable support
plane to do a work.

37. EMPTYING
Emptying is a procedure for the reproduction of sculptures or
reliefs. It is achieved by applying liquid gypsum, gelatin,
fiberglass, etc. to the model. and waiting for it to harden to
make the mold.
 13
15

38.

ELASTICITY MODULE
Measurement of the capacity of a mortar to deform. The lower
the module, the greater the deformability.

39. EXTERIOR FINISH

The exterior cladding of a
building is much more than
a simple aesthetic and
decorative element. It
should also, like the skin of a
body, protect the structure
and interior of the home,
while allowing its breathing

40. FALDON
It is the part of the roof
that is formed by
removing the gable with
part of the deck of
different fall, it is
comprised between a point of height and two tease limes
ending in eaves.
 13
16

41.FORMWORK
Mold formed with
metal boards or sheets
in which the concrete
is emptied until it sets
and that is later
disassembled.

42.FOUNDRY
Technique to obtain
sculptures in metal. Two
processes are known,
melting to lost wax and
sand. The latter consists of
dividing the piece into
different parts, which are
molded in boxes filled with
sand and in which the
liquid bronze is poured. Subsequently the different pieces are
joined by rivets. This procedure allows series runs of the same
piece.

43. FRAME
Set of pieces, of wood or another material, linked with some
objective.
 13
17

44.GEOTECHNICAL
It is the branch of civil engineering and geological engineering
that is responsible for the study of the mechanical, hydraulic
and engineering properties of materials from the earth.

45.

GRAVEL
It is the material left over
from the work and that has
no other possible use within it.

46.HALLWAY
Covered space located inside a house, which serves as an
entrance to it and is after the threshold of the main door.

47. HEAD
 13
18

Short "horizontal" tree

located on the top of a
pillar, which serves as
support for the beams.

48. IMPOSTA
Spinning ashlars, somewhat
cantilevered, sometimes with
moldings, on which sits an
arch or a vault. It is also the
strip that runs horizontally on
the facade of the buildings at
the height of the different
floors.

49. INCRUSTATION
Decorative
procedure consisting
of partially
emptying a
background and
setting small pieces
of another material,
usually precious
(stones, metals, wood, ...) forming designs and ornamental
motifs.

50. ISOLATION
Way to separate or protect some element in the construction.
 13
19

51.

JAMB
Vertical supports on both sides of a span on which the arch
lintel rests.

52.LEDGE
It is a constructive
element that
corresponds to the
lower part of the
window, covering the
sill. Its mission is that
rainwater does not
slope outwards, ensuring rapid evacuation of water; for the
same reason of sealing it has to penetrate into the jambs of the
hole.

53. LIMITS
 13
20

Point or line that indicates

the end or term of a non-
material thing; usually
indicates a point that
should not or can not be
exceeded.

54.LIMO
Clay formed by clay mixed by
organic remains that is deposited in
the bottom of ponds or ponds or in
the floods of rivers.

55.LONGITUDINAL PROFILE
Tracing the longitudinal axis of the road with indication of
dimensions and distances that determines the slopes of the
road.
 13
21

56.MORTAR
Mortar or material consisting
of cement or lime, mixed
with sand and water, to form
the binder used in buildings.

57. NERVADURAS
Arch that crosses with another to form a vault; it is also the
set of the nerves of a vault or an architectural structure.

58. NICHE
Wall

hollow, usually semi cylindrical and

topped by a quarter sphere,
where ornamental elements
are placed: statues, vases, etc.
 13
22

59. OAF
Wall hollow, usually semi cylindrical and topped by a quarter
sphere, where ornamental elements are placed: statues, vases,

60.

PANTOGRAPH
Instrument used
to copy, expand or reduce a drawing or drawing. It consists of
an articulated parallelogram, with two of its adjacent sides
prolonged; one of these is fixed by a single point on the table,
another is placed a point with which the lines of the drawing
are followed, and a pencil attached to a third side traces the
copy, enlargement or reduction to the scale you want.

61.PAVEMENT
 13
23

Type of finishing coating

that is characterized by
its light weight and
thickness, which is
usually anchored by
glues and adhesives.

62.PEDESTAL
Solid body that supports a
column, statue, effigy, etc. A
pedestal is also understood as the
basement of a column which, in
the case of the classical column
also called "plinth", is divided into
the base, the die and the cornice.

63. PERALTE
Transversal inclination of the road in the curve sections,
intended to counteract the centrifugal force of the vehicle.

64.PIPELINE
 13
24

Set of connected tubes that

can be used to carry water,
gas, power lines or telephone
lines inside depending on the
predestined use they have.

65.PLASTER
Layer of plaster, stucco or other mixture that is given to a wall
in order to obtain a smooth surface.

66.POLYNES
Standard
wooden beams 4 "x 4"
wide, used for construction
beams, and in some cases
as a structural element
when the wood is of good
quality.

67. PULLEY
 13
25

A pulley, it is a simple
machine. Composed of
a wheel, generally solid
and grooved on its
edge, which, with the
aid of a rope or cable
that is passed through
the channel, is used as
a transmission element
in machines and
mechanisms to change
the direction of movement or its speed.

68. QUARTERONES
Are the ornaments of square
or rectangular shape that
are made in doors and
windows or the partitions
that are usually done in the
domes exterior and
interiorly.

69.
QUICIO
Part of the doors or
windows into which the
quicial pier enters, and in
which the door leaf moves
and rotates.
 13
26

70. RELIEF
Sculpture made on a
surface so that it stands
out on the plane, without
detaching completely from
the background. It can be a
high relief, middle relief or
bas-relief.

71.RETRACTION
It is the measure of the
decrease in the volume of a
mortar to dry and set.

72.RESERVOIR
Receiving body and container of water or other liquids

73. RIG

Arrangement or way in which the blocks, bricks or stones are

placed in the construction of a wall.
 13
27

74. ROAD
Calzada is
the part of
the road used
for the

movement of vehicles.

75.ROOF
TILE
Piece of clay, in the form of a
channel, used to cover the roofs
outside and receive and drain
the rainwater. Arabic: the one
that has the shape of a conical channel. Flat: the one that has a
quadrilateral shape in which two or more cylindrical channels
are marked.

76.SALOMONIC
This is the name of the twisted and spiral column.
 13
28

77. SECTION
Space of a church between two columns in the transversal
direction.

78. SEPTUM
Thin wall that does
not admit load,
used as a partition of
the rooms of a
building and built with
simple hollow brick.

79. SETTING
Mortar hardening
process,
produced
by the reaction of
cement with water.

80. SEWER
Element of the surface drainage system of a road, built
transversely to the axis or following the orientation of the
water course; It can be made of wood, stone, concrete, metal
 13
29

and others. It is usually

located in streams,
watercourses, and in areas
that are required for
drainage.

81.SEWER SYSTEM
Medium or utensil used to
drain.

82.
SHANK
Trunk of
column.
Space included
in it between
the base and the capital.

83. SHORING
 13
30

Frame that supports

the weight of a bow or
other construction,
destined to save a vain
while not in a position
to sustain itself. It is
used in the
construction of arches
until the placement of the central keystone or keystone.

84.SILLAREJO
Every stone carved from a construction. It is often said that it
does not cross the whole thickness of the wall and of the small
ashlar of coarse wood.

85. SPINNING
Partitions that are
placed at the same
height in the
construction of a wall by means of a thread that serves as a
guide.
 13
31

86.SKYLIGHT
A skylight or skylight is a small window located on the ceiling
or top of a wall used to provide light to a room.

87. SOCLE
Socle piece that is placed at
the base of the walls or
walls of the rooms as an
aesthetic element and to
protect them from bumps
or rubbing.

88. STIRRUP
Structural
element formed
by rod or wire,
used to join the
reinforcement of
rods within a
structure, its
function is to
 13
32

confine the concrete that strains inside this element and thus
avoid the expansion of it avoiding a structural failure.

89. TAPIAL
Mold composed of two boards, fastened with sacks and needles,
to create walls.

90. TENSION
It is a force
that tries to
stretch a

component, steel is a material that withstands large forces of

this type, while concrete does not resist this type of forces.

91.

TERRACE
Flat roof of a house, usable to stay in it, to tend, etc. Terrado.
Gallery or any outdoor site in a house. Ajarafe, roof terrace,
loggia, solana, solalanar, terrado. Piece of land, usually in series
 13
33

staggered with others, sprawled and arranged horizontally on

the side of a mountain, and secured with a wall. Albarrada,
parata, poyato. Climb. Balate. Patch. Landing.

92.TIGHT
Piece intended to prevent the
increase of distance between two
elements of a construction. Armor:
lower horizontal part of the roof
truss, which links the feet of the
pairs.

93. TILING
Ornamentation consisting of a coating of monochrome tiles or
decorated in polygonal or starry.

94.

TOPOGRAPHY
The topography (of moles, "place", and graphs, "description") is
the science that studies the set of principles and procedures
that aim at the graphic representation of the surface of the
Earth, with its forms and details, both natural and artificial.
 13
34

95. U
S
U
F
R
U
C
T
It is the right to enjoy the property of others with the
obligation to maintain it and keep it in perfect condition.

96. WALL

Construction of continuous
surface, raised perpendicular to
the ground, with the
appropriate dimensions to close
or divide a space, maintain a
technology or protect an area.

97. XACENA
It is the beam traversed where other beams that support less
load are supported.
 13
35

98. YEAR
Each of the horizontal rows of bricks, blocks, etc., in the rigging
of a wall.

99. ZAPATA
A zapata (sometimes
called poyo) is a type
of surface foundation
(normally isolated),
which can be used in
reasonably
homogeneous soils and
medium or high
compression
resistances.

100. ZANCA
It is a resistant element on which the rungs of a ladder are
supported or anchored.
 13
36