CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Type O (Zero Conditional) – is used to express a general truth or a scientific fact

If-clause main clause

If you mix red and yellow, you get orange.
present simple present simple

Type I – is used to express real or very probable situations in the present or future

If-clause main clause

If he gets paid today, he will treat me to a meal tonight.
present simple future simple

If you boil vegetables, you will lose vitamins. (Ako kuvate povrće, izgubićete vitamine)
Ask me nicely and I’ll mend it for you. (Zamoli me lepo i popraviću ti to.)
(imperative......, future simple)

if se može potpuno izostaviti ali se tada vrši inverzija pa red reči nije kao u potvrdnom već
kao u upitnom obliku.
If you should need my advice, you can call me.
Should you need my advice, you can call me.
If I should see him, I will ask him to ring you.
(Ako ga slučajno vidim, zamoliću ga da te pozove.)
If – can be omitted but then there must be inversion
Should I see him, I will ask him to ring you.
(Ako ga slučajno vidim, zamoliću ga da te pozove.)
If you should come to London again, just give me a ring.
( Ako slučajno ponovo dođeš u London, samo me pozovi)
Should you come to London again, just give me a ring.
umesto if not moze se upotrebiti unless zato posle njega ide glagol u potvrdnom a ne
odričnom obliku jer unless već u sebi sadrži negaciju, a u engleskom u jednoj recenici ne
mogu biti dve negacije

eg. Unless it stops snowing, the plane won’t take off.

(If it doesn’t stop snowing, the plane won’t take off.)
Unless you tell me the whole story, I won’t be able to help you.
If you don’t tell me the whole story, I won’t be able to help you.
(Ako mi ne ispričaš celu priču, neću biti u stanju da ti pomognem.)
I won’t wash your car unless you pay me.
(Neću oprati tvoja kola ako mi ne platiš.)
Unless you help me, I won’t finish on time.
(Ako mi ne pomogneš, neću završiti na vreme.)
Umesto If mogu se koristiti sledeći izrazi:

- supposing / suppose
eg. Supposing it rains, will you still go for a picnic with him?
(Pod pretpostavkom da pada kiša, hoćeš li i dalje ići na izlet sa njim?)
- providing / provided that
eg. I’ll pick your clothes up from the dry cleaner’s provided that I finish work before
three o’clock.
(Pokupiću tvoju odeću iz hemijske čistionice pod uslovom da završim s poslom pre 3
sata.)
I’ll water the plants providing I have time this afternoon.
(Zaliću biljke pod uslovom da imam vremena ovog poslepodneva.)
You can borrow the car provided I have it back by six o’clock.
(Možeš da pozajmiš auto pod uslovom da ga dobijem nazad do 6 sati.)
Provided that both sides lay down their arms, the treaty will be signed.
(Pod uslovom da obe strane polože oružje, sporazum će biti potpisan.)
- on condition that
- in case
eg. I’ll pop round later in case you are there.
(Svratiću kasnije u slučaju da si tamo.)
Take an umbrella in case it rains.
 (Ponesi kišobran u slučaju da pada kiša.)
- so long as / as long as
eg. As long as he is on time, we won’t be late for the meeting.
(Sve dok je on tu na vreme, nećemo zakasniti na sastanak.)
We’ll have the party here, so long as you arrange catering.
(Priredićemo žurku ovde, ako ti pritom ugovoriš posluženje.)
So long as / as long as you promise to be back by midnight, you can go to the party.
(Sve dok / dokle god obećaš da ćeš se vratiti do ponoći, možeš da ideš na žurku.)
Type II – is used to express unreal, hypothetical, imaginary situations which are unlikely to
happen in the present or future

If-clause main clause

If I won the lottery, I would buy a luxurious flat.
past simple (G-ed/2kol.) would + G

If-clause main clause

If Mike were the manager, he would make lots of changes.
umesto was koristi se were would + G

If I knew his address, I would give it to you.

(Kada bih znala njegovu adresu, dala bih ti je.)
If I were you, I would buy that car.
(Kada bih bila na tvom mestu, kupila bih ta kola.)
- Izostavljanje IF i upotreba inverzije umesto njega moguća je i ovde
If he were more careful, he would make fewer mistakes.
Were he more careful, he would make fewer mistakes.
(Kada bi bio pažljiviji, pravio bi manje grešaka.)
If she were more efficient, she would get a promotion.
Were she more efficient, she would get a promotion.
(Kada bi ona bila efikasnija, dobila bi unapređenje.)
- Upotreba SHOULD je i ovde moguća
Should he fail to be re-elected, it would be a great disappointment for him.
(Kada slučajno ne bi bio ponovo izabran, to bi za njega bilo veliko razočarenje.)
- Uptreba UNLESS je moguća i ovde ali samo ako se radi o uslovu koji je neverovatan,
odnosno malo verovatan da će se ipuniti (unlikely condition)
I wouldn’t ask for your help unless I needed it.
(Ne bih ti tražila pomoć kada mi ne bi bila potrebna.)
Ali u slučaju nemogućeg uslova nemoguće je koristiti UNLESS
I would be more active if I didn’t have arthritis. A ne može unless I had arthritis
(Bila bih aktivnija kada ne bih imala artritis.)
BUT FOR = IF IT WERE NOT FOR
If it weren’t for you, I would not go there.
Were it not for you, I would not go there.
But for you, I would not go there.
Umesto If mogu se koristiti sledeći izrazi:

- supposing / suppose
eg. Suppose / Supposing he stood you up, what would you do?
Suppose they lived in the country, would they feel safer?
Suppose / Supposing you were fired, what would you do?
Suppose he asked you to go to the cinema with him, would you go?
Suppose he asked you to marry him, what would you say?
- providing / provided that
- on condition that
eg. He agreed to work Saturdays on condition that they could pay him overtime.
- in case
She gave me the key in case you were out.
- so long as / as long as

Type III – is used to express imaginary situations which were not realized in the past

If-clause main clause

If Lewis had gone to the party, he would have seen Jane.
 past perfect simple would have + G-ed/3kol.
(had+G-ed/3kol.)

If she hadn’t fallen down the stairs, she wouldn’t have broken her arm.
If we hadn’t run out of money, we wouldn’t have come from our holiday early.
If we had gone by car, we would have saved time.
If I had been you, I would have accepted their offer.
If I had been in your position, I would have accepted their offer.

- Izostavljanje IF i upotreba inverzije umesto njega moguća je i ovde

If I had known you were in trouble, I would have come immediately.

Had I known you were in trouble, I would have come immediately.
If he had arrived on time, he wouldn’t have missed the bus.
Had he arrived on time, he wouldn’t have missed the bus.
If she had been asked, she would have given her permission.
Had she been asked, she would have given her permission.
(Da je pitana / zamoljena, dala bi svoju dozvolu.)
Umesto If mogu se koristiti sledeći izrazi:

- supposing / suppose
eg. Suppose / Supposing you had been invited, would you have gone?
Supposing your parents had refused, how would you have felt?
Suppose they had seen him stealing the money, what would he have done?
- providing / provided that
- on condition that
- in case
- so long as / as long as

BUT FOR = IF IT HADN’T BEEN FOR

They would have all perished, if it hadn’t been for the quick thinking of the driver.
They would have all perished, but for the quick thinking of the driver.
If it hadn’t been for your advice, I wouldn’t have been able to solve my problems.
But for your advice, I wouldn’t have been able to solve my problems.
If it hadn’t been for my mother’s support, I would never have gone through this difficult
time.
But for my mother’s support, I would never have gone through this difficult time.

MIXED CONDITIONALS

If-clause main clause

If I liked pop music, I would have come to the concert with you last night.
TYPE II TYPE III
(sadašnjost) (prošlost)

(Da volim pop muziku, ja bih sinoć išla sa tobom na koncert.)

Sadašnja situacija utiče na neki događaj iz prošlosti
If I wanted to work there, I would have applied for the job last week.
If I knew him very well, I would have given him some advice last night.

If-clause main clause

If she had saved her money, She would go on holiday now.
TYPE III TYPE II
(prošlost) (sadašnjost)

(Da je štedela novac, sada bi išla na odmor.)

Prošla situacija utiče na sadašnju
If you hadn’t left the map at home, we wouldn’t be lost now.
If he had taken his job seriously, he wouldn’t be unemployed now.
If he had trained every day, he would win the race now.
If I had booked seats previously, we would go to the concert tonight.
If you had warned me, I wouldn’t be in a difficult situation now.

SUBJUNCTIVE

- to say that you would like something to be different in the present

wish / regret about a present situation we want to be different

I wish
+ past simple
If only

I wish I were a millionaire. (but I’m not)

If only you worked more efficiently. (but you don’t work more efficiently)
I wish / If only I had a better job.
I wish sports cars weren’t so expensive.
If only I were more energetic.
I wish I could dance but I’m afraid I’ve got two left feet.
- to express regret about something which happened or didn’t happen in the past
regret that something happened or didn’t happen in the past (regret about the
past)

I wish
+ past perfect simple
(had + V-ed / 3.k.)
If only

I wish I had taken their advice. (but I didn’t take their advice)
If only I had gone to Ann’s party last night. (but I didn’t go to her party)
If only I hadn’t argued with him.
If only nuclear bombs hadn’t been invented.
 - To express wish for a present situation to change in the future which is unlikely to
happen or a wish for someone’s irritating behaviour to change in the future but again it
is unlikely to happen
I wish
+ S2 + WOULD + V
If only

I wish he would drive more carefully.

I wish the children would be more co-operative.
I wish you would be more patient with Jim.
I wish it would stop raining.
I wish you would stop looking at me like that.
I wish you would stop shouting. I’m not deaf you know.

I would rather
I’d rather
+ S2 + Past Simple
(V-ed / 2.k.)
I would sooner
I’d sooner

I’d rather Tom studied harder for his exams.

S1 + would rather / would sooner + S2 + past simple
I’d rather you went now.
I’d rather Nick drove me to the station.
I’d rather we stayed at home.
I’d rather Kate stayed with us tonight.
I’d rather you didn’t mention this to anyone until next week.
I’d rather you didn’t drive so fast Pat.
I’d rather you didn’t smoke in here.
I’d rather we didn’t go by plane.
Would you rather I paid you now or later?
I’d sooner you did something with your time rather than sit around all day.
We’d sooner you spent your bonus on something useful.
I’m not keen on the idea of staying in. I’d sooner we went out clubbing or something.
I’d sooner you gave me a cash refund.
I would rather
I’d rather
+ S2 + Past Perfect Simple
(had + V-ed / 3.k.)
I would sooner
I’d sooner

I’d rather you had kept it a secret.

I’d rather Sam hadn’t taken his father’s car yesterday.
I’d rather the children had gone to bed earlier last night.
Sue went to France this year, but she says she would rather had gone to Spain.
It’s a shame you missed the party. I would rather you had been there.

It’s time
It’s about time
+S+ Past Simple
(V-ed / 2.k.)
It’s high time

It’s about time

you went to bed.
It’s high time

It’s time we left.

It’s about time you paid a visit to your grandparents.
It’s high time you started looking for a flat of your own! You can’t stay here forever.
It’s high time you retired.
It’s about time you went on holiday.
As if
+S+ Past Simple
(V-ed / 2.k.)
As though

Mary talks as if / as though she knew everything. (but she doesn’t know)
He looks as if he were rich. (but he isn’t)
They stared at me as if I were crazy.
She’s behaving as if she were the Queen of England.
His older brother always treats him as if he were a child.
He isn’t French but he speaks French as if he were from France.
As if
+S+ Past Perfect Simple
(had + V-ed / 3.k.)
As though

He had never been abroad, but he spoke about New York as if / as though he had been
there many times.
He hadn’t been awarded the first prize but he behaved as if he had been awarded it.
He looks as if he hadn’t slept for days.
She felt as if her all worries had gone.
She felt as though they had given her the wrong information.