EXTEND –RETRACT AND STOP SYSTEM OF A LINEAR ACTUATOR HYDRAULIC TRAINER

PROJECT REPORT ON

“EXTEND – RETRACT AND STOP SYSTEM OF A

LINEAR ACTUATOR HYDRAULIC TRAINER”

Name of the Guide

Name of the students

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 EXTEND –RETRACT AND STOP SYSTEM OF A LINEAR ACTUATOR HYDRAULIC TRAINER

CONTENTS

1. Objective
2. Introduction
3. Simulation
4. Linear actuators
5. Circuit diagram
6. Working
7. Applications
8. References

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 EXTEND –RETRACT AND STOP SYSTEM OF A LINEAR ACTUATOR HYDRAULIC TRAINER

OBJECTIVE
Objective of the mini project is to Construct, set and adjust simple proportional
control circuits on Hydraulics using the circuit necessary components such as Reservoir,
Filter, Pump, Gauges, DCV, FCV etc.

INTRODUCTION

This is one of the interesting topic and this forms a part of learning system for
automation and communication. The technology package “Hydraulics” is designed to
provide an introduction to the fundamentals of hydraulic control technology. This package
comprises a basic level and an advanced level. It teaches the knowledge of hydraulic control
technology.

Extend –retract and stop system of a linear actuator mostly used where two different
speeds for operations are needed.

The basic level hydraulic exercises are designed to be carried out with manual
actuation. The hydraulic components have been designed to provide the following:

 Easy handling
 Secure mounting
 Environmentally-friendly coupling system
 Compact component
 Authentic measuring methods

SIMULATION
The entire project work simulation has been done in simulating (MAT LAB)
software (SIM HYDRAULICS)

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 EXTEND –RETRACT AND STOP SYSTEM OF A LINEAR ACTUATOR HYDRAULIC TRAINER

LINEAR ACTUATORS
Linear actuators are those which have linear motion. Hydraulic linear actuators are
are also called hydraulic cylinders.

MOTION OF ACTUATORS

Extension: Movement of piston from the cap or head end to the rod end of
the cylinder is called extension.

Retraction: Movement of the piston from rod end to the cap or head end of
the cylinder is called retraction.

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 EXTEND –RETRACT AND STOP SYSTEM OF A LINEAR ACTUATOR HYDRAULIC TRAINER

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig.1: extend-retract and stop system of a linear actuator circuit

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 EXTEND –RETRACT AND STOP SYSTEM OF A LINEAR ACTUATOR HYDRAULIC TRAINER

WORKING

Operation of the circuit:

 Extend – retract and stop system linear actuators s the throttle valve is
placed in the return line to control the flow of fluid coming out or
returning from the actuator.

The speed of the cylinder controlled by regulating the size of the

opening of the throttle valve.

If the flow control were closed completely no oil can flow from
exhaust of the cylinder thus stopping the movement of the cylinder
completely.

No loss of pressure of the oil at the head end of the cylinder.

Heat generated during throttling goes to the reservoir.

Most popular circuit due to its positive speed control capacity and
stability.

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 EXTEND –RETRACT AND STOP SYSTEM OF A LINEAR ACTUATOR HYDRAULIC TRAINER

Components in this circuit:

Reservoir:

The reservoir is open (non-pressurised). 

Filter:

Filter is on the pump inlet. Normally, this type of filter is a coarse, wire
mesh type.

Pump:

 The pump is uni-directional, and we have some additional information.

The arrow indicates the direction of the rotation, the two parallel lines tell
us the pump is shaft driven, and the circle with the ‘M’ in the middle tells
us it is being driven by an electric motor.

Pressure Gauge:

Immediately after the pump, there is a pressure gauge fitted to the circuit.

4/3 Directional Control Valve:

This is a four port, three position directional control valve. We are also getting some
additional information from the symbol.

The valve is lever operated.

 The valve is detent controlled-a spring loaded detent sits in indentations in the shaft.
When the shaft is moved, the detent must be moved against spring force, until it can
sit back down in a new position. This gives the operator ‘feel’ for the position of
the control valve.

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 EXTEND –RETRACT AND STOP SYSTEM OF A LINEAR ACTUATOR HYDRAULIC TRAINER

Flow Control Valve:

This introduces a venture or restriction into the circuit. In this circuit, it is

only brought into play when the rod of the cylinder physically touches the
deceleration valve, causing it to operate.

The deceleration no longer allows oil through, so it must go through the flow control
valve. We now control the speed of extension of the rod.

Deceleration Valve:

In its normal state, the valve allows oil through. If another device (in this case,
the cylinder rod) physically touches the plunger and wheel on the valve, this
changes the valve by closing it. In our circuit here, oil can no longer get
through the deceleration valve, and must pass through the flow control valve
to get to tank. Because of the venturi in this valve, we are now controlling the
flow, and thus the speed of the rod.

Cylinder:

The cylinder is double acting, because there are two hydraulic lines going
to it.

The cylinder is differential, because the surface areas on either side of the piston
are not equal. Also, you would need to displace more oil to extend the ram than to
retract the ram.

Pressure Relief Valve:

The valve is an adjustable pressure relief valve.

Adjustment is indicated by the addition of the arrow to the symbol.

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APPLICATIONS

Due to its function of two speed it may use in drilling machine where the fast
transfer is required for approaching towards the part and then drilling in slow
speed for the better surface finish.

It may also use for punching operations where punch have to reach die quickly
and then cutting operations takes place in slow speed.

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 EXTEND –RETRACT AND STOP SYSTEM OF A LINEAR ACTUATOR HYDRAULIC TRAINER

REFERENCES

Content

 TECHMAX Publication

 NPTEL
(https://nptel.ac.in/courses/112106175/Module%203/Lecture%2025.pdf)

Circuit Diagram

 Fluid-Sim Hydraulic

 Fluid power system by Dr. H D Ramachandra

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