Towerwin V.3.3: Automatic Tower Designer

Engineering Software Research Center
Address: Komp. Rajawali Plaza Ruko 34, Bandung 40182, INDONESIA

Tel: 022-6003595, 6041685, Fax: 022-6003596 HP: 081-2234-8247
Web: www.esrcentre.com E-mail: nathanmadutujuh@gmail.com
TOWERWIN V.3.3
Automatic Tower Designer
Modelling, Analysis, Design, Evaluation, Drawing of
Telecommunication and Power Transmission
Towers
by
Nathan Madutujuh
Bandung, August 2009
1
Contents
Introduction
START MANUAL
1. Towerwin User’s Manual
a. General
1. Installation
2. Main Features
3. Main Menu
4. How Towerwin works ?
5. Example of Towerwin data
6. Towerwin data format description
7. Tower Analysis
8. Member design
9. Model View
10. Model View in 3D
11. Tower Design Report
12. Visual Report
13. Tower Weight
14. Tower Drawing Generator
b. Telecommunication Tower
c. Power Line Transmission Tower
2. Tower Design Criteria by EIA/TIA-222F
3. Tower Maintenance Check-list
2
Introduction
With the increase demand for radio telecommunication, mobile phone base station, and
wireless internet, the needs for tower structures are also increased.
Towerwin is a special purpose computer program for designing a tower, capable to do

modelling analysis, and design for telecommunication towers and also for power line
transmission towers (optional module).
Start as a simple DOS program inside PSMOD, now ESRC has combined all the Towergen
modules into Towerwin. Towergen has been around for seveal years and due to its easy to
use features, currently has been used by main tower contractors in Indonesia.
Tested for various real design projects, we believe that Towerwin will become a useful design
tool for designing tower structures in Indonesia and other countries.
Nathan Madutujuh
Engineering Software Research Centre
Bandung, 2009
3
START MANUAL
SANSPRO TOWER GENERATOR V.3.3

Windows Version, (C) 2003-2009
Copyright (C) Nathan Madutujuh, 1996-2009
All Rights Reserved.
A. INTRODUCTION
TOWERWIN is a windows version of old Tower Generator (previously run under using
PSMOD.EXE). Old Tower data file is in *.TOW format.
TOWERWIN and its modules are available as an optional SANSPRO product from ESRC.
New data file is in *.TWR format (not compatible with MSTOWER File format)
New data file contains more complete tower model and design parameters.
SANSPRO TOWER GENERATOR is an useful utility from ESRC for designing steel
tower structures for telecommunication and power transmission.
TOWERWIN consists of several modules:
1. TOWERWIN (main menu)

2. SANSTWR (Analysis and Design module)
3. PWRLINE (Conductor Load Analysis)
TOWERWIN uses very high level model generator that can generate a complete tower
model
including all loads in 10 minutes.
B. HOW TO USE TOWERWIN
TOWERWIN generate a model in a following steps:
1. User create a tower model file (*.TWR)

2. Towergen uses *.TWR to generate :
1. A 2D projected model
2. Dead Load and Live load data
3. Wind load table (Constant, ANSI or JIS Standard)
4. Load combination
5. Tower restraints
6. 3D nodes and elements (verticals and horizontals)
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3. SANSPRO is used for tower static and dynamic analysis
and for steel design
4. After designed, Towerwin will generate:

1. Tower design report (summary report, *.TDR)
2. Visual Design Report (all sides)
C. DESIGN PROCEDURES
TOWERWIN provides a *.TWR tower model file to model a tower with a very few
lines of data.
TOWERWIN provides a *.TDR tower design report file to quickly modify a tower
model per block basis. It reports maximum stress ratios for each element data
set in a block, and also its maximum buckling length factor (lambda).
One complete design cycle will take about 10-15 minutes.
TOWERWIN divide a Tower by Segment.

If the inclination of vertical legs changes, then we must add another segment.
Each segment may have more than one block.
Each block can have same type or different types.
If several block have same height and type, we can use nblock > 1.
SAMPLES PROVIDED:
TEST1.TWR -> Telecommunication Tower (GSM) 20m

TEST2.TWR -> Telecommunication Tower (GSM) 20m + Guyed Wire
TEST3.TWR -> Telecommunication Tower (GSM) 20m + Snow Load
Typical Design Stages will be as follows:
a. CREATE A TOWER MODEL
1. Copy Data from existing *.TWR file

2. Change Project Data and Material
3. Change Height, Number of Segment, Segment Data
4. Change Block size and type in each segment
5. Click REFRESH Button to see the model in 3D
If Connection Plate checked, Guyed wire will not appear
Click 3D View to see in Perspective View
6. Add Wind Load and Antenna Data
7. Add Snow Load Data
8. Add Guyed Wire Data
9. Add Accessories Data
10. Add Foundation Data
b. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
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1. Click [SAVE] or [SAVE AS] and give new name
2. Click [EXPORT] to prepare for Analysis
3. Click ANALYSIS
- Click [RUN ANALYSIS]
- Browse for the saved file
- Click Analysis
- Click Quit
4. Click [TOWER DESIGN]
- Browse for the saved file

- Click [TOWER DESIGN]
- Click Start Design - Ok (For Truss and Cable)
- Click Start Design - Ok (For Frame Elements)
- Click Quit
- Click Exit
c. EVALUATE RESULTS
1. Click [TDR] (Tower Design Result) to create *.TDR file

TDR File is a block-by-block Tower Design Report
It correlates Tower Analysis Output and TWR Block Model
2. Click [REPORT]
Several Files will be loaded to Editor
Elevation View will be created
d. REPORT
1. Go to Tab View3D, Right Click, Copy to Clipboard,

Paste to your Text Editor
2. Go to Tab Elevation, Right Click, Copy to Clipboard,
3. Go to Tab Tower Data, Right Click, Copy to Clipboard,
4. Go to Tab Tower Design Report (TDR), Right Click, Copy to Clipboard,
5. Go to Tab Foundation, Right Click, Copy to Clipboard,
Paste to your Editor
e. DRAWING GENERATOR
1. Go to Tab View3D
2. Check [Conn. Plate]
3. Click [DXF OUT] to save drawing to AutoCAD DXF Format
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4. Click [PRINT] to Print Drawing
f. VOLUME AND WEIGHT
1. Go to Tab [WEIGHT]
2. Copy to your Editor
g. FINISH
D. MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Separate material data can be provided for:

Mild Steel *PROFILE*
High Strength Steel *HPROFILE*
Bolt *BOLT*
Guyed Wire *GUYEDWIRE*
Section name can be entered as follows:
L50 L50x4 L50x50x4 P30 D30
Steel Section will be read automatically from USER.DBS that contains 5000 sections.
But Tower Model usually uses only Angle and Pipe sections.
TOWERWIN will list all sections used by the model and generate the table automatically.
Additional in-plane elements (horizontal bracings, corner, inter-corner) can be

generated automatically by giving the appropriate flags.
E. LOADING
Tower Loading data can be provided for:
Dead Load at top platform *LOAD*

Live Load at top platform *LOAD*
Ladder, Cable Tray, Cable Feeder *ACCESSORIES*
Snow Load *SNOWLOAD*
Wind Load *WINDLOAD*
Antenna Load *WINDLOAD*
Snow Load Type:
1 = Hoarfrost, Unit wgt = 3 kN/m3 = 300 kg/m3

2 = Rime Ice , Unit wgt = 4.7 kN/m3 = 470 kg/m3
3 = Glaza Ice, Unit wgt = 8.8 kN/m3 = 880 kg/m3
4 = Ice Water, Unit wgt = 10 kN/m3 = 1000 kg/m3
Antenna Load can be given in two formats:
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Using Side and index node
Using Node Index
Antenna can be attached to any height, but the load will be applied to
closest node available at Tower Model.
F. POWER LINE TRANSMISSION TOWER
Control Data *POWERTRANS*

Arms Data *POWERARMS*
Conductor Load Data *POWERLOAD*
Conductor Load Data can be calculated from POWERLINE Program.

To use the POWERLINE program user must have data for:
Conductor size, weight and tensile capacity

Earthwire size, weight and tensile capacity
Basic Span, Sag, etc.
G. FOUNDATION DESIGN
TOWERWIN can design SPREAD FOOTING Type Foundation for every leg of tower.
Foundation Data must be entered at *FOUNDATION* block data.
H. STRENGTHENING OPTION
TOWERWIN can be used for analysing existing tower and add some strengthenings.
All vertical legs, main diagonals, and main horizontals can be strengthened
Other in-plane elements can not be strengthened.
Strengthenings can be applied as follows:
1. As intermmediate stiffeners that will reduce the buckling length ratio

2. Additional section attached to existing section
I. FILE FORMAT EXPLANATION
TOWERWIN uses Simple Text Format to Model a Tower.

Using this approach, any changes can be applied very fast.
The extension of the file is *.TWR.
The easiest way to create a model is by copying from existing model
In future version, TOWERWIN may have interactive menu for editting the text
file, but right now user still needs to type the data.
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Picture 1: Tower Model with Guyed Wire
9
TOWERWIN FILE FORMAT DESCRIPTION
*TITLE*
Project= MM Tower, ST-43 Square
Location= Java
Owner= PT MM Indonesia
Date= 16 Nov 2003
*TOWER*
Name= ST-43 Square
H= 43 // Total Height of Tower
I= 1.0 // Importance factor (load multiplier)
TowerSide = 4 // Number of Tower side, 1 (Monopole), 3 (Triangle) or 4 (Square)
SideIndex= 1 // Selected side index for drawing: 1..3 or 1..4
DesignCode= 1 // Design Code: 1=ASD, 2=LRFD
Frame= 0 // Frame: 0=only truss elements, 1=frame as main legs
Support = 1 // Support: 0=none, 1=hinged, 2=fixed
NS= 2 // Number of segments or changing of inclinations
*POWERTRANS*
NumArm = 4
NumEarthwire = 2
NumConductor = 6
NumConPerLine = 4
ConductorType = TACSR 410/28.5 (Equivalent Zebra)
EarthwireType = GSW 55
LoadFacNormal = 1.50
LoadFacBroken = 1.1
*SEGMENT*
0 0 3700 420 150 // xo,yo,Seg hgt, bottom width, top wid
// Block type, nblock, blkhgt, ndiv,opt mainvert, maindiag, mainhoriz, inplane, corner, intercorner,
main horiz diag, main horiz corner,
// main horiz cross
// flagcc = corner to corner (0=none, 1=yes),
// flaghd = horizontal diagonal (belah ketupat) (0=none, 1=yes),
// flagmc = main crossing (cross/salib) (0=none, 1=yes),
// flagsc = secondary corner (0=none, 1=yes),
// flagic = inter-corner pada sisi limas sudut (0=none, 1=yes),
// flagcm = generate corner mid
// flagtop = closing of top of certain types
// (although a flag is turned on, it will not be used if not necessary, depend on block type)
// flagkfv : main vert.leg: 0,1=kfac=1.0, 2=kfac=0.5, 3=kfac=0.25

// flagkvd : diag vert.leg: 0,1=kfac=1.0, 2=kfac=0.5, 3=kfac=0.25
// flagkvh : horz vert.leg: 0,1=kfac=1.0, 2=kfac=0.5, 3=kfac=0.25
// st_optV : strengthening of vertical leg, 0=none, 1=yes

// st_nameV : name of section for strengthening
// st_optD : strengthening of vertical leg, 0=none, 1=yes

// st_nameD : name of section for strengthening
// st_optH : strengthening of vertical leg, 0=none, 1=yes

// st_nameH : name of section for strengthening
A 2 500 1 1 L100 L70 L60 L50 | L40 L40 | L70 L70 L70 0 1 1 1 1 0
A 1 500 1 1 L100 L60 L60 L50 | L40 L40 | L60 L60 L60 0 1 1 1 1 0
A 1 500 1 1 L90 L60 L60 L50 | L40 L40 | L60 L60 L60 0 1 1 1 1 0
A 1 300 1 1 L80 L60 L60 L50 | L40 L40 | L60 L60 L60 0 1 1 1 1 0
A 1 300 1 1 L70 L50 L50 L40 | L40 L40 | L50 L50 L50 0 1 1 1 1 0
A 1 300 1 1 L65 L50 L50 L40 | L40 L40 | L50 L50 L50 0 1 1 1 1 0
B 4 200 1 1 L65 L50 L50 L40 | L40 L40 | L50 L50 L50 0 1 1 1 1 0
*SEGMENT*
0 3700 600 150 150
B 2 150 1 1 L65 L50 L50 L40 | L40 L40 | L50 L50 L50 0 1 1 1 1 0
H 2 150 1 1 L60 L50 L50 L40 | L40 L40 | L50 L50 L50 1 1 1 1 1 0
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*PROFILE*
ST-37
Fu = 4100 // Main profile Steel tensile stress
Fy = 2700 // Main profile Steel yield stress
*BOLT*
A325N // bolt type
Fub = 7384 // Main profile Steel tensile stress
Fyb = 5696 // Main profile Steel yield stress
Fvb = 1255 // Main profile Steel shear stress
*LOAD*
DL = 1190 // total DL
LL = 200 // total LL: live load verticals
DLFAC = 1.0 // multiplier for DL
LLFAC = 1.0 // multiplier for LL
WLFAC = 1.0 // multiplier for WL
EQFAC = 1.0 // multiplier for EQ
*WINDLOAD*
WindMethod = 1 // Wind calculation method:
// 1=TIA222F, 2=UBC97, 3=JIS, 4=INDO, 5=Constant, 6=ANSI
Pressure = 0 // Pressure for CONW

AreaScale = 1.2 // multiplier for projected area, 1.2 for connection plate area corection
GrdLvl = 0 // tower ground level, 0=ground, > 0m above ground
BasicSpeed = 75 // basic wind speed: 80=80mph, 75=75 mph => 120 km/h
Exposure = C // exposure type (UBC97): B=city,C=open terrain, D=coastal
Solidity = 0.3 // solidity ratio of projected area
NumAnt = 8 // number of antenna
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Format of Antenna Data:
// Side=1..3/4, loc=1=left, 2=mid, 3=right leg, n=number of antenna
// Shape: 0=general, 1=circle, 2=rect, 3=parabolic
// D: diameter, Area=area of antenna, Wgt=weight of antenna, y=height
// F: scaling factor for wind load on antenna load
// qs : wind pressure, Ce,Cq: gust/height factors, qw = qs*Ce*Cq
// qs,Ce,Cq,qw : calculated by program
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
D 3 C
+---------+
| G |
4 |H F| 2 --------> X direction
| E |
+---------+
A 1 B
|
|
\|/
Z direction
Format1: Side,loc,N,Shape -> side=1,2,3,4 loc: 1=left,2=mid,3=right

Format2: node,azimuth,N,Shape -> azimuth = angle, 0 degrees = // X, anti-clockwise
node: 1 character = A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Shape Format of second column
// 0 H A1 A2 Wgt -> general
// 1 D t 0 Wgt -> circular
// 2 H w t Wgt -> square
// 3 D t 0 Wgt -> circular, parabolic
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Format of third column: y scale
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Format of fourth column: qs ce cw qw -> 0 0 0 0 0 -> will be calculated automatically
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 1 1 0 | 0 0.5 75 | 42 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
2 1 1 0 | 0 0.5 75 | 42 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
3 1 1 0 | 0 0.5 75 | 42 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
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4 1 1 0 | 0 0.5 75 | 42 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
1 2 1 1 | 0.6 0 80 | 40 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
3 2 1 1 | 0.6 0 80 | 40 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
1 2 1 1 | 1.2 0 120 | 40 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
3 2 1 1 | 1.2 0 120 | 40 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
*SNOWLOAD* // Snow Load

Thick Type UnitWgt // Thick = cm, Type = 1,2,3 UWgt = kg/m3
// Type : 1 = Hoarfrost, Unit wgt = 3 kN/m3 = 300 kg/m3
// Type : 2 = Rime Ice , Unit wgt = 4.7 kN/m3 = 470 kg/m3
// Type : 3 = Glaza Ice, Unit wgt = 8.8 kN/m3 = 880 kg/m3
// Type : 4 = Ice Water, Unit wgt = 10 kN/m3 = 1000 kg/m3
*GUYEDWIRE*
NWIRE
Y1 HDist Diam Ag Fy Fu Tymax Tumax 1 1 1 1 // Y = elevation from bottom
Y2 HDist Diam Ag Fy Fu Tymax Tumax 1 1 1 1 // Diam = diameter, Ag = area cm2
Y3 HDist Diam Ag Fy Fu Tymax Tumax 1 1 1 1 // HDist = distance from closest support
// Fu,Fy = material strength
// Tymax,Tumax = max tensile force
...
Yn HDist Diam Ag Fy Fu Tymax Tumax 1 1 1 1
*ACCESSORIES*
LADDER L40 D10 20 30 // vertical, horiz, width, height
CBTRAY L40 D10 20 30 // vertical, horiz, width, height
FEEDER D30 1.2 3 // diameter, wgt kg/m, number of feeder cable
*POWERARMS*
// op, nn,ya, La, ha, top, bottom, diag, vert, plane, frameflag
1 3 2900 343.7 117.5 HL65x65x5 HL80x80x6 L50x50x5 L45x45x4 L45x45x4 0
2 3 4130 343.7 86.25 L65x65x6 L60x60x6 L50x50x5 L45x45x4 L45x45x4 0
*POWERLOAD*
ConPx = -2018.80591
ConPy = -3827.59764
ConPbx = -1870.33645
ConPby = -3254.09778
ConPbz = -5669.81993
EawPx = -210.78068
EawPy = -298.07441
EawPbx = -174.15697
EawPby = -264.44088
EawPbz = -1398.60314
*FOUNDATION*
SoilClass = 1
FondSF1 = 1.5
FondSF2 = 1.1
FondSF3 = 1.5
SoilWgtUplift = 1.6
SoilWgtComp = 1.8
ConcWgtUplift = 2.4
ConcWgtComp = 2.4
FrustumAngle = 10
FondQs = 5
FondDepth = 2.4
FondW1 = 0.4
FondW2 = 2.5
FondTp = 0.4
FondKb = 225
FondFy = 3900
FondFyv = 2400
FondDbc = 1.9
FondDbp = 1.6
FondDbv = 1.0
FondCv = 5
*END*
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1. Towerwin User's Manual
1.a. General
1.a.1. Installation
Towerwin can be installed as follows:

1. Insert the program CD
2. If Autorun does not work, double click Setup.exe
3. Follow the instructions
1.a.2 Main Features
Main features of Towerwin are:
1. Support latest tower load and design code:

a. EIA/TIA-222F
b. ASCE-90
c. UBC-97
d. JIS
2. Type of Towers:
a. Telecommunication
b. Powerline Transmission Tower (optional)
c. Guyed Tower (*)
d. Single Pole Tower (*)
3. Automatically generate:
a. Node coordinates (2D) and (3D)

b. Truss and Frame elements using 14 predefined Blocks Method
c. Wind Pressure
d. Wind Load on each node
e. Load Combination
f. Powerline Transmission, Conductor Load: Normal and Broken Conditions
4. Steel Element Design
a. Allowable Stress Design (ASD-89)

b. Load Resistance Factor Design (LRFD-98)
5. Foundation Design (*)
a. Block Foundation
b. Tower pad foundation
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6. Design Option
a. Bolted Connection
b. Welded Connection
c. Single/Double angle
d. Pipe
e. Connection Plate
7. Drawing Generator
a. Every sides of tower

b. Every horizontal sections (*)
c. Including bolt and connection plate
d. Length correction caused by inclination of Tower (*)
8. Comprehesive Report
a. Using Block and Group method

b. Easy to modify and revise a design
c. Ready to print format
9. User Friendly Interface
a. Using Parametric modelling appoach

b. One single model for analysis, design, report, drawing
(*) Future Version
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1.a.3. Main Menu
Towerwin main menu layout has 10 main pages:
Page Contents
TowerData Tower main data
Parameters Tower model and load params
Wind Load Wind pressure calculation per height
SANS Data FEM Data for analysis
Design Report Tower design report (Summary)
Detail Report Tower detail design report (per member)
View 3D View in larger screen
Help Help
CalcSheet Temporary calculation
15
Tower Design Procedure can be done in several steps as follows:
1. Create Tower model data

2. Export
3. Analysis
4. Design
5. Design the Tower
6. Generate Tower Design Report
7. Design Checking
8. Print Report and Graphics
1.a.4. How TOWERWIN works ?
Towerwin models a tower as assemblage of several segments that may contains several blocks.
First, user must define number of project title and location, tower side, design code, and important
factor.
Tower Segment is a part of Tower Body that has different inclination. A Tower tipically may have 1 to
3 segments. For each segment, user needs to enter:
Base cordinate of a segment xo,yo

Bottom and top width of segment wbo,wtop
Height of Segment hseg
Tower Block is a predefined Tower Element Pattern. Towerwin provide 14 commonly used Tower
Block types. For each block, user will enter:
Type of block bt
Frequency of block N
Height of each block hb
Antenna is defined by entering diameter, area, height, and scaling coefficient.
Towerwin data is entered as high level parametric text file.

User does not need to enter any cordinates or element.
Material and bolt properties should be entered by user for a tower model.
If High Tension Bolt is being used, Allowable shear stress can be entered by user as Fvb or left as
blank and the Towerwin program will calculated it based on current formula.
Towerwin will generate all 3D nodes and 3D elements based on the criteria and parameters given by
user.
After finite element model generated, user can do analysis and design easily in one step.
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To make reading the design output easier, Towerwin will parse the ouput file and separate them into
Tower design report file (TDR) that contains design summary per block and segment of tower.
Reading this TDR file, user can modify only the part where the element is not strong enough.
Dead Load (DL) and Live Load (LL) will be lumped to the top most node of tower.
Wind load can be calculated according to UBC/ANSI, TIA/EIA, JIS, and Indonesian Code.
Lateral load on tower elements from wind load will be lumped to every nodes according to its
contribution area and wind pressure at that level.
Antenna Load:
Wind load on antenna will be lumped to closest node to the antenna location.
Format for Antenna is as follows:
side,loc, N,shape H A1 A2 Wgt y scale 0 0 0 0 0
node,angle N,shape D t 0 Wgt y scale 0 0 0 0 0
node,angle N,shape H w t Wgt y scale 0 0 0 0 0
side : 1,2,3,4 side index, see diagram

loc : node location at certain side: 1=left node, 2=mid, 3=right node
node : node index in character format: A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H
angle : azimuth angle in degrees, 0 = parallel to X-axis direction (horizontal)
N : Number of antenna
Shape : 0=general, 1=circular, 2=rectangular, 3=parabolic
D : Diameter of antenna (m)

t : Thickness of antenna box (m)
H : Height of Antenna box (m)
W : Width of Antenna box
t : Thickness of antenna box
A1 : Area of Antenna paralllel to side surface
A2 : Area of Antenna perpendicular to side surface
y : Height of antenna from ground (m)
scale : Additional scaling factor for Antenna projected area
Diagram of node position and side index:
D 3 C
+---------+
| G |
4 |H F| 2 --------> X direction
| E |
+---------+
A 1 B
|
|
\|/
Z direction
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Design for Strengthening:
When an existing tower need to be added several additional antenna loads, the tower must be checked
and may need to be strengthened. TOWERWIN provides easy method for this strengthening design:
A tower may be strengthening by several methods:

1. If yield stress has not been achieved due to slender compression element
1. Additional in-plane stiffeners can be added by changing the tower block pattern
2. Using option to reduce buckling length by factor of 0.5 and 0.25
2. If yield stress has been achieved or member fail from tension:
1. Main vertical leg element can be added by additional angle
2. Main diagonal element can be added by additional angle
3. Main horizontal element can be added by additional angle
4. Additional Element size should be larger than 50% of the existing size
The strengthening information can be placed at SEGMENT block data as optional 9 parameters.
*SEGMENT*
// Block type, nblock, blkhgt, ndiv,opt mainvert, maindiag, mainhoriz, inplane, corner, intercorner,
main horiz diag, main horiz corner,
// main horiz cross
// flagcc = corner to corner (0=none, 1=yes),
// flaghd = horizontal diagonal (belah ketupat) (0=none, 1=yes),
// flagmc = main crossing (cross/salib) (0=none, 1=yes),
// flagsc = secondary corner (0=none, 1=yes),
// flagic = inter-corner pada sisi limas sudut (0=none, 1=yes),
// flagcm = generate corner mid
// flagtop = closing of top of certain types
// (although a flag is turned on, it will not be used if not necessary, depend on block type)
// flagkfv : main vert.leg: 0,1=kfac=1.0, 2=kfac=0.5, 3=kfac=0.25

// flagkvd : diag vert.leg: 0,1=kfac=1.0, 2=kfac=0.5, 3=kfac=0.25
// flagkvh : horz vert.leg: 0,1=kfac=1.0, 2=kfac=0.5, 3=kfac=0.25
// st_optV : strengthening of vertical leg, 0=none, 1=yes

// st_nameV : name of section for strengthening
// st_optD : strengthening of vertical leg, 0=none, 1=yes

// st_nameD : name of section for strengthening
// st_optH : strengthening of vertical leg, 0=none, 1=yes

// st_nameH : name of section for strengthening
example:
A 2 500 1 1 L100 L70 L60 L50 | L40 L40 | L70 L70 L70 | 0 1 1 1 1 0 | 0 0 0 | 0 L50 0 L50 0 L50
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1.a.5. Example of Towerwin data
Below is an example of a Towerwin data for Telecommunication tower
File: TEST1.TWR
*TITLE*
Project= Mobile-8 Tower, ST-20 Square
Location= Java
Owner= PT Mobile-8 Indonesia
Date= 16 Nov 2003
*TOWER*
Name= ST-20 Square
H= 20
I= 1.0
TowerSide = 4
SideIndex= 1
DesignCode= 1
Frame= 0
Support = 1
NS= 2
*SEGMENT*
0 0 1500 300 100
A 1 500 1 1 L80 L60 L50 L40 | L40 L40 | L50 L60 L60 0 1 0 1 1 0
A 1 500 1 1 L70 L50 L50 L40 | L40 L40 | L50 L60 L60 0 1 0 1 1 0
A 2 250 1 1 L65 L50 L50 L40 | L40 L40 | L50 L60 L60 0 1 0 1 1 0
*SEGMENT*
0 1500 500 100 100
B 4 100 1 1 L60 L50 L50 L40 | L40 L40 | L50 L50 | L50 0 1 0 1 1 0
H 1 100 1 1 L60 L50 L50 L40 | L40 L40 | L50 L50 | L50 0 1 0 1 1 0
*PROFILE*
ST-37
Fu = 4100
Fy = 2700
*BOLT*
A325N
Fub = 7384
Fyb = 5696
Fvb = 1255
*LOAD*
DL = 500
LL = 200
DLFAC = 1.0
LLFAC = 1.0
WLFAC = 1.0
EQFAC = 1.0
*WINDLOAD*
WindMethod = 1
Pressure = 0
AreaScale = 1.1
GrdLvl = 0
BasicSpeed = 80
Exposure = C
Solidity = 0.3
NumAnt = 6
1 1 1 0 | 1.3 0.5 0.3 50 | 20 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
19
2 1 1 1 | 1.2 0.4 0 50 | 20 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
3 1 1 2 | 2.1 0.3 0.15 50 | 20 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
4 1 1 3 | 0.6 0.3 0 50 | 20 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
1 2 1 1 | 0.6 0.3 0 160 | 18 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
3 2 1 1 | 0.6 0.3 0 160 | 18 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
*ACCESSORIES*
LADDER L40 D10 20 30
CBTRAY L40 D10 20 30
FEEDER D30 1.2 3
*SNOWLOAD* // Snow Load
Thick Type UnitWgt // Thick = cm, Type = 1,2,3 UWgt = kg/m3
// Type : 1 = Hoarfrost, Unit wgt = 300 kg/m3
// Type : 2 = Rime Ice , Unit wgt = 470 kg/m3
// Type : 3 = Glaza Ice, Unit wgt = 880 kg/m3
// Type : 4 = Ice Water, Unit wgt = 1000 kg/m3
*GUYEDWIRE*
NWIRE
Y1 HDist Diam Ag Fu Fu Tymax Tumax 1 1 1 1 // Y = elevation from bottom
Y2 HDist Diam Ag Fy Fu Tymax Tumax 1 1 1 1 // Diam = diameter, Ag = area cm2
Y3 HDist Diam Ag Fy Fu Tymax Tumax 1 1 1 1 // HDist = distance from support
// Fu,Fy = material strength
// Tumax,Tymax = max tensile force
...
Yn HDist Diam Ag Fy Fu Tymax Tumax 1 1 1 1
*FOUNDATION*
SoilClass = 1
FondSF1 = 1.5
FondSF2 = 1.1
FondSF3 = 1.5
SoilWgtUplift = 1.6
SoilWgtComp = 1.8
ConcWgtUplift = 2.4
ConcWgtComp = 2.4
FrustumAngle = 10
FondQs = 5
FondDepth = 2.4
FondW1 = 0.4
FondW2 = 2.5
FondTp = 0.4
FondKb = 225
FondFy = 3900
FondFyv = 2400
FondDbc = 1.9
FondDbp = 1.6
FondDbv = 1.0
FondCv = 5
*END*
20
1.a.6. FILE FORMAT DESCRIPTION:
(Description text is in italic font)
*TITLE*
Project= MM Tower, ST-43 Square
Location= Java
Date= 16 Nov 2003
*TOWER*
Name= ST-43 Square
H= 43 // Total Height of Tower
I= 1.0 // Importance factor (load multiplier)
TowerSide = 4 // Number of Tower side, 3 or 4
SideIndex= 1 // Selected side index for drawing: 1..3 or 1..4
DesignCode= 1 // Design Code: 1=ASD, 2=LRFD
Frame= 0 // Frame: 0=only truss elements, 1=frame as main legs
Support = 1 // Support: 0=none, 1=hinged, 2=fixed
NS= 2 // Number of segments or changing of inclinations
*SEGMENT*
// Block type, nblock, blkhgt, ndiv,opt mainvert, maindiag, mainhoriz, inplane,

corner, intercorner, main horiz diag, main horiz corner, main horiz cross
flagcc = corner to corner (0=none, 1=ada),
flaghd = horizontal diagonal (belah ketupat) (0=none, 1=ada),
flagmc = main crossing (cross/salib) (0=none, 1=ada),
flagsc = secondary corner (0=none, 1=ada),
flagic = inter-corner pada sisi limas sudut (0=none, 1=ada),
(flags ini kalau tidak perlu walaupun diisi 1 tidak akan dipasang, tergantung
type blocknya)
A 2 500 1 1 L100 L70 L60 L50 | L40 L40 | L70 L70 L70 0 1 1 1 1 0
A 1 500 1 1 L100 L60 L60 L50 | L40 L40 | L60 L60 L60 0 1 1 1 1 0
A 1 500 1 1 L90 L60 L60 L50 | L40 L40 | L60 L60 L60 0 1 1 1 1 0
A 1 300 1 1 L80 L60 L60 L50 | L40 L40 | L60 L60 L60 0 1 1 1 1 0
A 1 300 1 1 L70 L50 L50 L40 | L40 L40 | L50 L50 L50 0 1 1 1 1 0
A 1 300 1 1 L65 L50 L50 L40 | L40 L40 | L50 L50 L50 0 1 1 1 1 0
B 4 200 1 1 L65 L50 L50 L40 | L40 L40 | L50 L50 L50 0 1 1 1 1 0
*SEGMENT*
0 3700 600 150 150
B 2 150 1 1 L65 L50 L50 L40 | L40 L40 | L50 L50 L50 0 1 1 1 1 0
H 2 150 1 1 L60 L50 L50 L40 | L40 L40 | L50 L50 L50 1 1 1 1 1 0
*PROFILE*
ST-37
Fu = 4100 // Main profile Steel tensile stress
Fy = 2700 // Main profile Steel yield stress
*BOLT*
A325N // bolt type
Fub = 7384 // Main profile Steel tensile stress
Fyb = 5696 // Main profile Steel yield stress
Fvb = 1255 // Main profile Steel shear stress
*LOAD*
DL = 1190 // total DL
LL = 200 // total LL: live load verticals
DLFAC = 1.0 // multiplier for DL
21
LLFAC = 1.0 // multiplier for LL
WLFAC = 1.0 // multiplier for WL
EQFAC = 1.0 // multiplier for EQ
*WINDLOAD*
WindMethod = 1 // Wind calculation method:
// 1=TIA222F, 2=UBC97, 3=JIS, 4=INDO, 5=Constant, 6=ANSI
Pressure = 0 // Pressure for CONW

AreaScale = 1.2 // multiplier for projected area
// (1.2 for connection plate area corection)
GrdLvl = 0 // tower ground level, 0=ground, > 0m above ground

BasicSpeed = 75 // basic wind speed: 75 = 75 mph = 120 km/h
Exposure = C // exposure type (UBC97): B=city,C=openterrain, D=coastal
Solidity = 0.3 // solidity ratio of projected area

NumAnt = 8 // number of antenna
// Format1: Side=1,2,3,[4]
// loc: location (1=left, 2=mid, 3=right leg)
// Format1: node=A..G (1 character)
// azimuth: degrees, parallel with horizontal x = 0 degrees, CCW
// n=number of antenna
// Shape: 0=general, 1=circle, 2=rect, 3=parabolic
// Shape=0: H,A1,A2 -> hgt, area1, area2 of antenna
// Shape=1: D,t,0 -> diameter, thickness
// Shape=2: H,w,t -> hgt, wid, thick
// Shape=3: D,t,0 -> diameter, thickness
// Wgt=weight of antenna, y=height
// F: scaling factor for wind load on antenna load
// qs : wind pressure, Ce,Cq: gust/height factors, qw = qs*Ce*Cq
// qs,Ce,Cq,qw : calculated by computer (just enter 0)
1 1 1 0 | 0 0.5 0.25 75 | 42 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
2 1 1 0 | 0 0.5 0.25 75 | 42 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
3 1 1 0 | 0 0.5 0.25 75 | 42 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
4 1 1 0 | 0 0.5 0.25 75 | 42 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
1 2 1 1 | 0.6 0.2 0 80 | 40 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
3 2 1 1 | 0.6 0.2 0 80 | 40 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
1 2 1 1 | 1.2 0.3 0 120 | 40 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
3 2 1 1 | 1.2 0.3 0 120 | 40 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
*ACCESSORIES*
LADDER L40 D10 20 30 // vertical, horiz, width, height
CBTRAY L40 D10 20 30 // vertical, horiz, width, height
FEEDER D30 1.2 3 // diameter, wgt kg/m, number of feeder cable
*FOUNDATION*
SoilClass = 1
FondSF1 = 1.5
FondSF2 = 1.1
FondSF3 = 1.5
SoilWgtUplift = 1.6
SoilWgtComp = 1.8
ConcWgtUplift = 2.4
ConcWgtComp = 2.4
FrustumAngle = 10
FondQs = 5
FondDepth = 2.4
FondW1 = 0.4
22
FondW2 = 2.5
FondTp = 0.4
FondKb = 225
FondFy = 3900
FondFyv = 2400
FondDbc = 1.9
FondDbp = 1.6
FondDbv = 1.0
FondCv = 5
*END*
23
1.a.7. Tower Analysis
After tower model is defined, user can do analysis and design using SANSPRO V.4.72 or higher to
find member forces, support reactions and nodal displacements.
Step for Analysis:
1. Press Export button to get *.DAT SANSPRO file

2. Run SANSPRO Program
3. Click Analysis
4. Enter *.DAT filename
5. Click Start Analysis
6. Finish
1.a.8. Tower Member Design
After tower model is defined and analyzed, user can do member design checking using ASD or LRFD
methods.
Step for Design:
1. Click Run Element Design

2. Enter filename
3. Click Design – Truss Design
4. Click Start Design
5. Finish
24
1.a.9. View Model
Tower can be viewed in 3D or 2D.

When in 2D model, user can turn off option to display bolted connection including connection plate.
User can also see element number, node number, section name, and design results in color code.
After changing some parameters, user can press Refresh button to refresh the view.
25
1.a.10. View in 3D
26
1.a.11. Tower Design Report
After analysis and design, click report to create Tower Design Report file (TDR).
This file contains design summary per block of tower.
User can check any block easily and make necessary modification if element is too small or too large.
Four acceptance criteria for tower elements are:
Minimum size recommended by Code

Maximum Lambda = k.Lu/rmin values (<= 140 for main member, 200 for others)
Maximum stress ratio values <= 1.0
Maximum b/t ratio (<= 25)
Total number of bolt also displayed.
27
Example for TDR file:
SANSPRO Tower Design Report

Steel Truss Stress Checking
Design Code : ASD-89, LRFD-94
(C) Nathan Madutujuh, ESRC, 2003
Licensee : Licensee: Ir. Tri Valdi Setia Budi, Jl. Mangga 109, YOGYAKARTA 55283
TOWER MODEL SUMMARY
Project : Mobile-8 Tower, ST-20 Square

Location : Java
Owner : PT Mobile-8 Indonesia
Date : 16 Nov 2003
Report File : TEST1.TDR
File Name : TEST1.TWR

Tower Name : TEST1.TWR
Tower Height : 20.00 m
Importance : 1.00
Total Side : 4
Side Index : 1
Design Code : 1 (ASD)

Support Type : 1 (Hinges)
Frame Flag : 0 (All Truss)
Area Scale : 1.10
Ground Level : 0.00 m
Basic Speed : 80.00 mph
Exposure Category : C (Open Terrain/Rural Area)
Solidity : 0.30
Number of Segment : 2
Number of Antenna : 6
Material : ST-37
Tensile Strength, Fu : 4100.00 kg/cm2
Yield Strength, Fy : 2700.00 kg/cm2
Bolt Material : A325N

Tensile Strength, Fu : 7384.00 kg/cm2
Yield Strength, Fy : 5696.00 kg/cm2
Shear Strength, Fv : 1255.00 kg/cm2
********************************
* TOWER DESIGN REPORT BY BLOCK *
********************************
1. TOWER SEGMENT = 1
1. BLOCK = 1, y= 0.00 to 500.00

GROUP 1 (MAIN VERTICAL LEG)
Elset Profile imin Ldmax frmax nb db idmax
5 L70X70X7 1.37 91.65 0.968 4 d16 296
28
6 L80X80X8 1.55 81.00 0.788 6 d16 2
GROUP 2 (MAIN DIAGONAL)

2 L50X50X5 0.98 141.01 1.112 5 d12 420
3 L60X60X6 1.17 124.80 6.621 20 d12 402
GROUP 3 (MAIN HORIZONTAL)

2 L50X50X5 0.98 136.05 0.425 2 d12 407
GROUP 4 (IN-PLANE)
1 L40X40X4 0.78 187.19 7.506 5 d12 411
GROUP 5 (HORIZONTALS)
1 L40X40X4 0.78 341.88 6.075 2 d12 508
2 L50X50X5 0.98 384.82 2.455 3 d12 506
GROUP 6 (INTER-CORNER)
1 L40X40X4 0.78 253.50 3.328 10 d12 516
2. BLOCK = 2, y= 500.00 to 1000.00

4 L65X65X6 1.27 49.43 0.382 2 d16 53
5 L70X70X7 1.37 91.65 0.968 4 d16 296
6 L80X80X8 1.55 81.00 0.396 3 d16 4

2 L50X50X5 0.98 141.01 1.112 5 d12 420
3 L60X60X6 1.17 118.11 1.171 4 d12 401

2 L50X50X5 0.98 102.04 0.032 2 d12 425
GROUP 4 (IN-PLANE)
1 L40X40X4 0.78 177.17 0.017 2 d12 51
1 L40X40X4 0.78 256.41 0.091 2 d12 531
2 L50X50X5 0.98 288.62 0.217 2 d12 526
1 L40X40X4 0.78 218.69 0.078 2 d12 537
3. BLOCK = 3, y=1000.00 to 1500.00

29
3 L60X60X6 1.17 42.74 0.222 2 d12 105
4 L65X65X6 1.27 49.43 0.689 3 d16 340
5 L70X70X7 1.37 91.65 0.962 4 d16 299

2 L50X50X5 0.98 134.72 1.010 5 d12 423

2 L50X50X5 0.98 76.53 0.011 2 d12 70
GROUP 4 (IN-PLANE)
1 L40X40X4 0.78 96.45 0.007 2 d12 209
1 L40X40X4 0.78 192.31 0.041 2 d12 555
2 L50X50X5 0.98 216.46 0.058 2 d12 549
1 L40X40X4 0.78 136.19 0.020 2 d12 561
4. BLOCK = 4, y=1500.00 to 1900.00

3 L60X60X6 1.17 85.47 0.362 3 d12 370
4 L65X65X6 1.27 49.43 0.686 3 d16 343

2 L50X50X5 0.98 144.31 1.549 4 d12 494

2 L50X50X5 0.98 51.02 0.004 2 d12 493
1 L40X40X4 0.78 128.21 0.015 2 d12 623
2 L50X50X5 0.98 144.31 0.021 2 d12 618
5. BLOCK = 5, y=1900.00 to 2000.00

3 L60X60X6 1.17 85.47 0.314 2 d12 387

2 L50X50X5 0.98 144.31 1.549 3 d12 494
30
2 L50X50X5 0.98 102.04 0.367 2 d12 496
2. TOWER SEGMENT = 2
1. BLOCK = 1, y= 0.00 to 500.00

5 L70X70X7 1.37 91.65 0.968 4 d16 296
6 L80X80X8 1.55 81.00 0.788 6 d16 2

2 L50X50X5 0.98 141.01 1.112 5 d12 420
3 L60X60X6 1.17 124.80 6.621 20 d12 402

2 L50X50X5 0.98 136.05 0.425 2 d12 407
GROUP 4 (IN-PLANE)
1 L40X40X4 0.78 187.19 7.506 5 d12 411
1 L40X40X4 0.78 341.88 6.075 2 d12 508
2 L50X50X5 0.98 384.82 2.455 3 d12 506
1 L40X40X4 0.78 253.50 3.328 10 d12 516
2. BLOCK = 2, y= 500.00 to 1000.00

4 L65X65X6 1.27 49.43 0.382 2 d16 53
5 L70X70X7 1.37 91.65 0.968 4 d16 296
6 L80X80X8 1.55 81.00 0.396 3 d16 4

2 L50X50X5 0.98 141.01 1.112 5 d12 420
3 L60X60X6 1.17 118.11 1.171 4 d12 401

2 L50X50X5 0.98 102.04 0.032 2 d12 425
GROUP 4 (IN-PLANE)
1 L40X40X4 0.78 177.17 0.017 2 d12 51
31
1 L40X40X4 0.78 256.41 0.091 2 d12 531
2 L50X50X5 0.98 288.62 0.217 2 d12 526
1 L40X40X4 0.78 218.69 0.078 2 d12 537
3. BLOCK = 3, y=1000.00 to 1500.00

3 L60X60X6 1.17 42.74 0.222 2 d12 105
4 L65X65X6 1.27 49.43 0.689 3 d16 340
5 L70X70X7 1.37 91.65 0.962 4 d16 299

2 L50X50X5 0.98 134.72 1.010 5 d12 423

2 L50X50X5 0.98 76.53 0.011 2 d12 70
GROUP 4 (IN-PLANE)
1 L40X40X4 0.78 96.45 0.007 2 d12 209
1 L40X40X4 0.78 192.31 0.041 2 d12 555
2 L50X50X5 0.98 216.46 0.058 2 d12 549
1 L40X40X4 0.78 136.19 0.020 2 d12 561
4. BLOCK = 4, y=1500.00 to 1900.00

3 L60X60X6 1.17 85.47 0.362 3 d12 370
4 L65X65X6 1.27 49.43 0.686 3 d16 343

2 L50X50X5 0.98 144.31 1.549 4 d12 494

2 L50X50X5 0.98 51.02 0.004 2 d12 493
1 L40X40X4 0.78 128.21 0.015 2 d12 623
2 L50X50X5 0.98 144.31 0.021 2 d12 618
32
5. BLOCK = 5, y=1900.00 to 2000.00
3 L60X60X6 1.17 85.47 0.314 2 d12 387

2 L50X50X5 0.98 144.31 1.549 3 d12 494

2 L50X50X5 0.98 102.04 0.367 2 d12 496
1.a.12. Visual Report
Tower design report can also shown in graphical/visual format as follows:
Using this visual format, it is very easy to determine if a certain member at certain level has adequate
strength or not.
33
1.a.13. Tower Weight
Towerwin can calculate all element and connection plate weight and also total number of bolt.
Weight will be given only for a tower face being seen.
Tower weight calculation is stored in file *.STL that will be generated after every refresh and when the
design result is ready.
34
Example of STL File:
SANSPRO For Windows V.4.7

Steel Truss Design Report
(C) Nathan Madutujuh, ESRC, 2003
Licensee : Ir. Nathan Madutujuh, M.Sc, PT AMCK Engineering Consultant, Bandung
Project : Mobile-8 Tower, ST-20 Square

Location : Java
Owner : PT Mobile-8 Indonesia
Filename : TEST1.TWR
Date : 12/2/03
A. WEIGHT OF STEEL FOR ONE FACE, SIDE INDEX = 1

USING ACTUAL (CUT-TO-SIZE) LENGTH
Weight per group / element type

Group Elset Section Name Length (m) Weight (kg) Area (m2)
===========================================================================
1 3 L60X60X6 20.2194 52.6530 2.3315
1 4 L65X65X6 9.7550 57.6519 2.5363
1 5 L70X70X7 10.0222 73.9638 2.8062
1 6 L80X80X8 9.7187 93.8827 3.1100
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Weight for Group 1 = 278.1515 (MAIN VERTICAL LEG)
===========================================================================
2 2 L50X50X5 42.9368 120.3135 6.3827
2 3 L60X60X6 20.2194 56.9361 2.5212
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Weight for Group 2 = 177.2496 (MAIN DIAGONAL)
===========================================================================
3 2 L50X50X5 42.9368 41.5581 2.2047
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Weight for Group 3 = 41.5581 (MAIN HORIZONTAL)
===========================================================================
4 1 L40X40X4 19.7630 47.8265 3.1621
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Weight for Group 4 = 47.8265 (IN-PLANE)
===========================================================================
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL WEIGHT = 544.7857, TOTAL PAINT AREA = 25.0546
Weight per Elset for One Tower Face

Elset Section Name Length (m) Weight (kg) Area (m2) Bolt
Number/Weld Length
================================================================================
1 L40X40X4 19.7630 47.8265 3.1621 128 d12
2 L50X50X5 42.9368 161.8717 8.5874 236 d12
3 L60X60X6 20.2194 109.5891 4.8527 112 d12
4 L65X65X6 9.7550 57.6519 2.5363 64 d16
5 L70X70X7 10.0222 73.9638 2.8062 32 d16
6 L80X80X8 9.7187 93.8827 3.1100 44 d16
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
35
================================================================================
Connection Plate, Total Weight = 132.0970 kg

Total Weight of Steel Profile = 544.7857 kg
Total Paint Area of Steel Profile = 25.0546 m2
Total Weight of Steel = 676.8827 kg
Total Paint Area of Steel = 25.0757 m2
B. WEIGHT OF STEEL FOR ALL STRUCTURES

USING THEORETICAL (NODE-TO-NODE) LENGTH
Weight per group / element type

Group Elset Section Name Length (m) Weight (kg) Area (m2)
=========================================================================
1 3 L60X60X6 20.2194 108.4000 4.8000
1 4 L65X65X6 9.7550 118.4624 5.2115
1 5 L70X70X7 10.0222 147.9276 5.6124
1 6 L80X80X8 9.7187 193.6289 6.4142
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Weight for Group 1 = 568.4189 (MAIN VERTICAL LEG)
=========================================================================
2 2 L50X50X5 42.9368 500.1924 26.5354
2 3 L60X60X6 20.2194 231.6594 10.2580
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Weight for Group 2 = 731.8519 (MAIN DIAGONAL)
=========================================================================
3 2 L50X50X5 42.9368 92.9933 4.9333
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Weight for Group 3 = 92.9933 (MAIN HORIZONTAL)
=========================================================================
4 1 L40X40X4 19.7630 189.3259 12.5174
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Weight for Group 4 = 189.3259 (IN-PLANE)
=========================================================================
5 1 L40X40X4 19.7630 35.4933 2.3467
5 2 L50X50X5 42.9368 85.4533 4.5333
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Weight for Group 5 = 120.9467 (HORIZONTALS)
=========================================================================
6 1 L40X40X4 19.7630 91.4792 6.0482
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Weight for Group 6 = 91.4792 (INTER-CORNER)
=========================================================================
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
36
1.a.14. Tower Drawing Generator
When viewing in 2D, Towerwin can generate detail drawing ready to export to Autocad DXF file.
Detail drawing features are:
1. Bolt detail and dimension

2. Connection plate (minimum size)
3. Tower element and axis (cut to length)
Because Towerwin assumes that all elements will be cut and connected by connection plate, some
detail for continuous element must be deleted/corrected.
37
1.2. Telecommunication Tower
When designing a telecommunication tower several aspects must be considered:
Material properties
Fu and Fy for steel materials used, gusset plate and for bolt connections.
Loading
Program will automatically calculate self-weight of tower

Additional dead load should include weight of platform, ladder, railing, guard rail, cable tray,
antenna, and feeder.
Live load can be neglected when combined with wind load, but should be considered when
designing the platform, railing and ladder.
Antenna shape, size and height location
Additional importance factor can be added to increase total wind load if necessary.
Basic wind speed
Minimum values : 75 Mph (120 km/hour)

Working Wind Speed : 50 Mph (for checking twist angle)
Exposure Category
Usually Category C (Open terrain), UBC-97 Code

If using EIA/TIA-222F, Category D (Coastal or top of hill) will always be used
In this case, a reduction factor of 0.85 to 0.9 can be used to correct the site category.
Design Code
Wind load can be calculated using UBC-97 or EIA/TIA-222F

Member can be checked using ASD or LRFD code.
Maximum slenderness
Maximum slenderness is 120 for main leg and main diagonal, and 200 for others.
Maximum stress ratio
Maximum stress ratio is 1.0 for permanent load and 1.3 for temporary load.
More data samples for Telecommunication Towers:
38
Tower 20m:
*TITLE*
Project= MM Tower, MT-20 Square
Location= Java
Date= 16 Nov 2003
*TOWER*
Name= MT-20 Square
H= 20
I= 1.0
TowerSide = 4
SideIndex= 1
DesignCode= 1
Frame= 0
Support = 1
NS= 2
*SEGMENT*
0 0 1500 300 100
A 1 500 1 1 L80 L60 L50 L40 | L40 L40 | L60 L60 L60 0 1 1 1 1 0
A 1 500 1 1 L70 L50 L50 L40 | L40 L40 | L50 L50 L50 0 1 1 1 1 0
A 2 250 1 1 L65 L50 L50 L40 | L40 L40 | L50 L50 L50 0 1 1 1 1 0
*SEGMENT*
0 1500 500 100 100
B 4 100 1 1 L60 L50 L50 L40 | L40 L40 | L50 L50 L50 0 1 1 1 1 0
H 1 100 1 1 L60 L50 L50 L40 | L40 L40 | L50 L50 L50 1 1 1 1 1 0
*PROFILE*
ST-37
Fu = 4100
Fy = 2700
*BOLT*
A325N
Fub = 7384
Fyb = 5696
Fvb = 1255
*LOAD*
DL = 620
LL = 200
DLFAC = 1.0
LLFAC = 1.0
WLFAC = 1.0
EQFAC = 1.0
*WINDLOAD*
WindMethod = 1
Pressure = 0
AreaScale = 1.1
GrdLvl = 0
BasicSpeed = 75
Exposure = C
Solidity = 0.3
NumAnt = 8
1 1 1 0 | 2 0.5 0.2 75 | 20 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
2 1 1 0 | 2 0.5 0.2 75 | 20 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
3 1 1 0 | 2 0.5 0.2 75 | 20 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
4 1 1 0 | 2 0.5 0.2 75 | 20 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
1 2 1 1 | 0.6 0.2 0 80 | 18 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
3 2 1 1 | 0.6 0.2 0 80 | 18 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
1 2 1 1 | 1.2 0.3 0 120 | 18 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
39
3 2 1 1 | 1.2 0.3 0 120 | 18 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
*END*
Tower 40m:
*TITLE*
Location= Java
Date= 16 Nov 2003
*TOWER*
Name= MT-43 Square
H= 43
I= 1.5
TowerSide = 4
SideIndex= 1
DesignCode= 1
Frame= 0
Support = 1
NS= 2
*SEGMENT*
0 0 3700 420 150
A 2 500 1 1 L120x120x11 L70 L60 L50 | L40 L40 | L70 L70 L70 0 1 1 1 1 0
A 1 500 1 1 L100 L60 L60 L50 | L40 L40 | L60 L60 L60 0 1 1 1 1 0
A 1 500 1 1 L90 L60 L60 L50 | L40 L40 | L60 L60 L60 0 1 1 1 1 0
A 1 300 1 1 L80 L60 L60 L50 | L40 L40 | L60 L60 L60 0 1 1 1 1 0
A 1 300 1 1 L70 L50 L50 L40 | L40 L40 | L50 L50 L50 0 1 1 1 1 0
A 1 300 1 1 L65 L50 L50 L40 | L40 L40 | L50 L50 L50 0 1 1 1 1 0
B 4 200 1 1 L65 L50 L50 L40 | L40 L40 | L50 L50 L50 0 1 1 1 1 0
*SEGMENT*
0 3700 600 150 150
B 2 150 1 1 L65 L50 L50 L40 | L40 L40 | L50 L50 L50 0 1 1 1 1 0
H 2 150 1 1 L60 L50 L50 L40 | L40 L40 | L50 L50 L50 1 1 1 1 1 0
*PROFILE*
ST-37
Fu = 3700
Fy = 2400
*BOLT*
A325N
Fub = 7384
Fyb = 5696
Fvb = 1255
*LOAD*
DL = 1200
LL = 300
DLFAC = 1.0
LLFAC = 1.0
WLFAC = 1.0
EQFAC = 1.0
*WINDLOAD*
WindMethod = 1
Pressure = 0
AreaScale = 1.1
GrdLvl = 0
BasicSpeed = 75
Exposure = C
Solidity = 0.17
NumAnt = 8
40
1 1 1 0 | 1.5 0.5 0.2 75 | 42 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
2 1 1 0 | 1.5 0.5 0.2 75 | 42 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
3 1 1 0 | 1.5 0.5 0.2 75 | 42 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
4 1 1 0 | 1.5 0.5 0.2 75 | 42 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
1 2 1 1 | 0.6 0.2 0 80 | 40 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
3 2 1 1 | 0.6 0.2 0 80 | 40 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
2 2 1 1 | 1.2 0.3 0 120 | 40 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
4 2 1 1 | 1.2 0.3 0 120 | 40 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
*END*
41
Tower 70m:
*TITLE*
Location= Java
Date= 16 Nov 2003
*TOWER*
Name= MT-70 Square
H= 70
I= 1.0
TowerSide = 4
SideIndex= 1
DesignCode= 1
Frame= 0
Support = 1
NS= 2
*SEGMENT*
0 0 6400 600 150
A 3 500 1 1 L150 L80 L70 L50 | L50 L50 | L80 L80 L80 0 1 1 1 1 0
A 1 500 1 1 L130 L80 L70 L50 | L50 L50 | L80 L80 L80 0 1 1 1 1 0
A 2 500 1 1 L120 L70 L60 L50 | L50 L50 | L70 L70 L70 0 1 1 1 1 0
A 1 500 1 1 L110 L70 L60 L50 | L50 L50 | L70 L70 L70 0 1 1 1 1 0
B 2 300 1 1 L110 L70 L60 L50 | L50 L50 | L70 L70 L70 0 1 1 1 1 0
B 2 300 1 1 L100 L60 L60 L50 | L50 L50 | L60 L60 L60 0 1 1 1 1 0
B 1 300 1 1 L90 L60 L60 L50 | L50 L50 | L60 L60 L60 0 1 1 1 1 0
B 2 300 1 1 L80 L60 L50 L40 | L50 L50 | L60 L60 L60 0 1 1 1 1 0
B 4 200 1 1 L70 L60 L50 L40 | L50 L50 | L60 L60 L60 0 1 1 1 1 0
*SEGMENT*
0 6400 600 150 150
B 2 150 1 1 L65 L50 L50 L40 | L40 L40 | L50 L50 L50 0 1 1 1 1 0
B 1 150 1 1 L60 L50 L50 L40 | L40 L40 | L50 L50 L50 0 1 1 1 1 0
H 1 150 1 1 L60 L50 L50 L40 | L40 L40 | L50 L50 L50 1 1 1 1 1 0
*PROFILE*
ST-37
Fu = 4100
Fy = 2700
*BOLT*
A325N
Fub = 7384
Fyb = 5696
Fvb = 1255
*LOAD*
DL = 1880
LL = 200
DLFAC = 1.0
LLFAC = 1.0
WLFAC = 1.0
EQFAC = 1.0
*WINDLOAD*
WindMethod = 1
Pressure = 0
AreaScale = 1.1
GrdLvl = 0
BasicSpeed = 75
Exposure = C
Solidity = 0.3
42
NumAnt = 11
1 1 1 0 | 1.3 0.5 0.2 75 | 68 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
2 1 1 0 | 1.3 0.5 0.2 75 | 68 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
3 1 1 0 | 1.3 0.5 0.2 75 | 68 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
4 1 1 0 | 1.3 0.5 0.2 75 | 68 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
1 2 1 1 | 0.6 0.2 0 80 | 50 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
3 2 1 1 | 0.6 0.2 0 80 | 50 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
1 2 1 1 | 1.2 0.3 0 120 | 60 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
3 2 1 1 | 1.2 0.3 0 120 | 60 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
1 2 1 1 | 1.8 0.4 0 180 | 65 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
3 2 1 1 | 1.8 0.4 0 180 | 65 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
1 2 1 1 | 3.0 0.4 0 320 | 65 1.0 | 0 0 0 0 0
*END*
43
1.3. Powerline Transmission Tower
When designing a telecommunication tower several aspects must be considered:
1. Material properties
Fu and Fy for steel materials used, gusset plate and for bolt connections.
2. Tower Type
Powerline transmission tower has two type of towers:

1. Suspension
Tower supports only gravity load and wind load
Conductors are hanging on tower arms
No tension load or broken load carried by tower
Suspension tower must be interlaced with tension tower every certain distance
2. Tension
Tower supports gravity load, wind load, tension load and broken load
Conductors are pulling the tower arms
Powerline transmission tower also categorized accorind to conductor angle as follows:
1. Type A 0–3
Degrees
2. Type B 3-10
Degrees
3. Type C 10-30
Degrees
4. Type D 30-60
Degrees
5. Type DR 60-90
Degrees
Tower type DR is end tower with 3 sets of arms and shorter spans, while other towers have
only two sets of arms.
3. Tower Arms
4. Loading
Program will automatically calculate self-weight of tower

Additional dead load should include weight of platform, ladder, railing, guard rail, insulators,
fittings, conductor and earthwire weight
Live load can be neglected when combined with wind load
Broken conductor case should be considered also with minimal 2 cases.
Conductor load can be calculated using Powerline program and copy to Towerwin data
model
44
For calculation of conductor load, different spans should be used for normal condition, and
broken condition.
Additional importance factor can be added to increase total wind load if necessary.
5. Basic wind speed
Minimum values : 75 Mph (120 km/hour)

For normal condition, design wind speed should be multiplied by 1.5, while for broken
condition by 1.1
6. Exposure Category
Usually Category C (Open terrain), UBC-97 Code
7. Design Code
Wind load can be calculated using UBC-97 or ANSI

Member can be checked using ASD or LRFD code.
8. Maximum slenderness
Maximum slenderness is 120 for main leg and main diagonal, and 200 for others.
9. Maximum stress ratio
Maximum stress ratio is 1.0 for permanent load and 1.3 for temporary load or broken
condition.
More data samples for Powerline Towers:
45
Tower Type A:
*TITLE*
Project= PLN 150KV Balaraja Jawa Barat
Location= West Java
Owner= PT PLN Jabar Indonesia
Date= 2 Mei 2006
*TOWER*
Name= AA+15
H=50.3
I= 1.0
TowerSide = 4
SideIndex= 1
DesignCode= 2
Frame= 0
Support = 1
NS= 2
*POWERTRANS*
NumArm = 4
NumEarthwire = 2
NumConductor = 6
NumConPerLine = 4
LoadFacBroken = 1.1
*SEGMENT*
0 0 3800 810 125
F 1 300 1 0 HL120x10 L90x6 HL60x4 L50x4 | L40 L40 | L60 L60 L60 0 1 1 1 1
A 1 600 1 0 HL120x10 L80x6 HL60x4 L45x4 | L40 L40 | L60 L60 L60 0 1 1 1 1
J 1 300 1 0 HL120x10 L65x6 L60x4 L45x4 | L40 L40 | L60 L60 L60 0 1 1 1 1
J 1 207.5 1 0 HL120x10 L60x6 L45x4 L45x4 | L40 L40 | L60 L60 L60 0 1 1 1 1
*SEGMENT*
0 3800 1230 125 125
H 1 117.5 1 0 HL100x8 L60x6 L60x6 L50x5 | L40 L40 | L50 L50 L50 0 1 1 1 1
C 3 117.5 1 0 HL100x8 L60x6 L60x6 L50x5 | L40 L40 | L50 L50 L50 0 1 1 1 1
K 1 172.5 1 0 HL70x6 L50x5 L60x6 L50x5 | L40 L40 | L50 L50 L50 0 1 1 1 1
*PROFILE*
ST-41
Fu = 4100
Fy = 2665
*HPROFILE*
ST-52
Fu = 5200
Fy = 3432
*BOLT*
A325N
Fub = 7384
Fyb = 5696
Fvb = 1424
*LOAD*
DL = 500
46
LL = 500
DLFAC = 1.2
LLFAC = 1.6
WLFAC = 1.5
EQFAC = 1.0
*WINDLOAD*
WindMethod = 2
Pressure = 0
AreaScale = 1.0
GrdLvl = 0
BasicSpeed = 80
Exposure = C
Solidity = 0.3
NumAnt = 0
*POWERARMS*
*POWERLOAD*
ConPx = -2734.45166
ConPy = -5643.79205
ConPbx = -2130.44703
ConPby = -3636.20795
ConPbz = -5669.81993
EawPx = -271.04559
EawPy = -404.58716
EawPbx = -196.06102
EawPby = -286.85015
EawPbz = -1398.60314
*END*
47
Tower Type B:
*TITLE*
Location= West Java
Date= 2 Mei 2006
*TOWER*
Name= DD+15
H=50.7
I= 1.0
TowerSide = 4
SideIndex= 1
DesignCode= 2
Frame= 0
Support = 1
NS= 2
*POWERTRANS*
NumArm = 4
NumEarthwire = 2
NumConductor = 6
NumConPerLine = 4
LoadFacBroken = 1.1
*SEGMENT*
0 0 3800 1026.3 150
A 1 600 1 0 HL130x12 L90x7 L65x6 L50x4 | L40 L40 | L60 L60 L60 0 1 1 1 1
*SEGMENT*
0 3800 1270 150 150
*PROFILE*
ST-41
Fu = 4100
Fy = 2665
*HPROFILE*
ST-52
Fu = 5200
Fy = 3432
*BOLT*
A325N
Fub = 7384
Fyb = 5696
Fvb = 1424
*LOAD*
DL = 500
LL = 500
48
DLFAC = 1.2
LLFAC = 1.6
WLFAC = 1.5
EQFAC = 1.0
*WINDLOAD*
WindMethod = 2
Pressure = 0
AreaScale = 1.0
GrdLvl = 0
BasicSpeed = 80
Exposure = C
Solidity = 0.3
NumAnt = 0
*POWERARMS*
*POWERLOAD*
ConPx = -4407.29554
ConPy = -5643.79205
ConPbx = -2966.86897
ConPby = -3636.20795
ConPbz = -5585.59667
EawPx = -683.69444
EawPy = -404.58716
EawPbx = -402.38545
EawPby = -286.85015
EawPbz = -1377.82736
*END*
49
Tower Type D:
*TITLE*
Location= West Java
Date= 2 Mei 2006
*TOWER*
Name= DD+15
H=48.7
I= 1.0
TowerSide = 4
SideIndex= 1
DesignCode= 2
Frame= 0
Support = 1
NS= 2
*POWERTRANS*
NumArm = 4
NumEarthwire = 2
NumConductor = 6
NumConPerLine = 4
LoadFacBroken = 1.1
*SEGMENT*
0 0 3600 1214 150
F 1 300 1 0 HL200x16 L110x8 L80x6 L60x5 | L40 L40 | L60 L60 L60 0 1 1 1 1
*SEGMENT*
0 3600 1270 150 150
K 1 215.0 1 0 HL150x12 HL100x10 L90x7 L50x4 | L40 L40 | L50 L50 L50 0 1 1 1 1
H 1 215.0 1 0 HL150x12 HL100x8 L80x6 L50x4 | L40 L40 | L50 L50 L50 0 1 1 1 1
*PROFILE*
ST-41
Fu = 4100
Fy = 2665
*HPROFILE*
ST-52
Fu = 5200
Fy = 3432
*BOLT*
A325N
Fub = 7384
Fyb = 5696
Fvb = 1424
*LOAD*
DL = 500
LL = 500
50
DLFAC = 1.2
LLFAC = 1.6
WLFAC = 1.5
EQFAC = 1.0
*WINDLOAD*
WindMethod = 2
Pressure = 0
AreaScale = 1.0
GrdLvl = 0
BasicSpeed = 80
Exposure = C
Solidity = 0.3
NumAnt = 0
*POWERARMS*
*POWERLOAD*
ConPx = -8109.27625
ConPy = -5643.79205
ConPbx = -4817.85933
ConPby = -3636.20795
ConPbz = -4911.89128
EawPx = -1596.88073
EawPy = -404.58716
EawPbx = -858.97859
EawPby = -286.85015
EawPbz = -1211.64105
*END*
51
Tower Type DR:
*TITLE*
Location= West Java
Date= 2 Mei 2006
*TOWER*
Name= DDR+15
H=48.7
I= 1.0
TowerSide = 4
SideIndex= 1
DesignCode= 2
Frame= 0
Support = 1
NS= 2
*POWERTRANS*
NumArm = 4
NumEarthwire = 2
NumConductor = 6
NumConPerLine = 4
LoadFacBroken = 1.1
*SEGMENT*
0 0 3600 1214 150
F 1 300 1 0 HL200x16 L110x8 L80x6 L60x5 | L40 L40 | L60 L60 L60 0 1 1 1 1
*SEGMENT*
0 3600 1270 150 150
*PROFILE*
ST-41
Fu = 4100
Fy = 2665
*HPROFILE*
ST-52
Fu = 5200
Fy = 3432
*BOLT*
A325N
Fub = 7384
Fyb = 5696
Fvb = 1424
*LOAD*
DL = 500
LL = 500
52
DLFAC = 1.2
LLFAC = 1.6
WLFAC = 1.5
EQFAC = 1.0
*WINDLOAD*
WindMethod = 2
Pressure = 0
AreaScale = 1.0
GrdLvl = 0
BasicSpeed = 80
Exposure = C
Solidity = 0.3
NumAnt = 0
*POWERARMS*
*POWERLOAD*
ConPx = -10458.59762
ConPy = -5643.79205
ConPbx = -5992.52001
ConPby = -3636.20795
ConPbz = -4010.54244
EawPx = -2176.39971
EawPy = -404.58716
EawPbx = -1148.73808
EawPby = -286.85015
EawPbz = -989.30077
*END*
53
2. TOWER DESIGN CRITERIA
2.1. Introduction
This report contains Self-Supporting Tower Design Report. Because a large number of tower
will be built, it is necessary to do an optimized design for the towers to get more economical result as
follows:
1. Towers are divided into different height and antenna load category
Each tower will be design for optimum result
2. Several foundation design are provided depend on the soil condition
Design of the towers follows the International Standard EIA/TIA-222F.
2.2. Design Code
Design Code used for Tower Design are:
Loading : EIA/TIA-222 F and UBC-97

Steel Element Design : AISC ASD-89, and LRFD-98
Concrete Foundation Design : ACI-318-99
Hot-dip Galvanize (structure) : ASTM A-123
Hot-dip Galvanize (others) : ASTM A-153
Mechanical Galvanize (others) : ASTM B-695 Class 50
Zinc Coated Guy Strand : ASTM A475, ASTM A586
Climbing Safety : ANSI A14.3-1984
2.3. Loading
a. Gravity Load
1. Tower Self-Weight
2. Ladder Self-Weight
3. Cable Tray Self-Weight
4. Climb guard
5. Platform
6. Railing
7. Antenna Weight
8. Live load (Worker load)
b. Lateral Load
1. Wind Load
1. Wind load on Tower elements

2. Wind load on Antenna and other components
54
Basic Wind speed = 80 mph
Exposure = B (City), C (Rural), D (Beach)
Wind pressure = 0.00256 x V^2 psf, V in mph
EIA/TIA-222F:
Force = A x P x Cd x Kz x Gh
A = projected area
P = Wind pressure
Cd = Drag Coefficient
2.0 for Long flat plates, 1.2 for long cylinder,
(Aspect ratio >= 25)
1.4 for short flat plates, 0.8 for short cylinder
(Aspect ratio <= 7)
Gh = Gust response factor = 0.65+0.60/(h/33)^(1/7)
1.0 <= Gh <= 1.25
Kz = Exposure coefficient = (z/33)^(2/7)
1.0 <= Kz <= 2.58
z,h = height in feet
UBC-97:
Force = A xP
A = projected area
P = Wind pressure = Ce x Cq x Qs
Ce = combined height, exposure, gust response (Table 16-G)

Cq = Pressure drag coefficient
1.3 for flat plates, 0.8 for cylinder > 2”, 1.0 cylinder <= 2”
Qs = stagnation pressure Coefficient(Table 16-F):
2. Earthquake Load
Force = Cd x Wt
Cd = Eartquake Coeficient
Wt = Weight of Structure
2.4. Loading Combination
Wind Load at 0 degrees

Wind load at 45 degrees
2.5. Twist and Sway
55
Maximum Twist = 0.5 degree per 3m height and total twist < 5 degrees
Maximum Sway = 0.5 degree
Maximum Plumb = 0.0025 H
Wind speed for Twist and Sway = 50 Mph
Twist and Plumb Calculation:
Apendix E, TIA/EIA-222F:
Square:
d = (D1+D2+D3+D4)/4
R = A/Sqrt(2)
e=d/R
twist, alpha = ArcSin(e)
x = (D2-D4)/2
y = (D1-D3)/2
plumb, r = sqrt(x^2+y^2)
Triangular:
d = (D1+D2+D3)/3
R = A/Sqrt(3)
e=d/R
twist, alpha = ArcSin(e)
x = (D2-D3)/Sqrt(3)
y = (2*D1-D2-D3)/3
plumb, r = sqrt(x^2+y^2)
2.6. Maximum Top Displacement
Maximum Top Displacement = H/100
2.7. Assembly Tolerance
Plumb:
Vertical Inclination / Plumb between two adjacent planes : 0.25% of height
Twist:
Maximum Twist between two adjacent planes : 0.5 degrees per 3m, total <= 5”
56
Length:
Length tolerance : +1% to –0.5%
Mark:
All structural members shall have part number corresponding to assembly drawing.
Part number must be permanently attached / stamped / welded to the member before
Galvanizing or painting process.
Minimum character height = 13mm or ½”
2.8. Foundation
Definition of Normal Soil:
Cohesive soil with:

Allowable bearing pressure : Qa = 192 kpa
Allowable horizontal pressure: Qh = 63 kpa/m depth to max 192 kpa
Soil Parameters used must have Safety Factor >= 2.0

Excluded from this criteria: Rock, noncohesive soil, saturated/submerged soil
Uplift Condition
Soil Unit weight = 16 kN/m3

Concrete unit weight = 24 kN/m3
Friction of drilled shaft = 31 kpa/m depth to max 48 kpa/m depth
Uplift force will be resisted by:
Foundation weight + Soil weight in an inverted pyramid/cone with

frustrum angle = 30 degrees
Soil Type qa (t/m2)

A 15
B 10
C 5
Foundation Type:
Single Concrete Block -> for small tower

Filled Concrete Block -> for small tower
Pad Foundation -> for medium tower
Raft+Pile -> for medium and large tower
Drilled Pile -> for medium and large tower
57
2.9. Guy Wire
Safety factor for Guy Wire:
Height S.F.
<= 213m 2.0
between interpolate
>= 366m 2.5
For Guy calculation, 33% stress increase is not applicable.
Initial Guy tension = 10% (8% to 15%) of breaking strength
Initial tension must be measured by one of the following methods:
1. Vibration Frequency
2. Mechanical tensionmeter
3. Guy sag
2.10. Grounding
Minimum 2 x 5/8” Galvanized Steel Rod, 180 degrees apart

Minimum depth = 2.5m
Conductor minimum No. 6 (5mm) tinned bare copper
Tower with width > 1.5m -> Minimum 1 ground rod per leg
All equipment will be provided with secondary ground.
2.11. Climbing
Minimum concentrated load = 1.1 kN
Fix Ladder requirements:
Side rail spacing = 300 mm

Rung spacing = 300 mm
Rung diameter = 16mm
Step bolt requirement:
Clear width = 110 mm

Spacing = 300 mm
Diameter = 16mm
Climbing safety shall follow ANSI A14.3-1984
58
2.12. Working Platform
Minimum Live load = 1.2 kpa

Maximum Live load = 2.2 kN (total)
Hand or guardrail:
Minimum concentrated live load = 0.67 kN (any direction)
2.13. Maintenance
Maintenance should be done on:
- Routine basis (every 3 years for Guyed, 5 years for Self-supporting)

- After severe wind/storm/extreme loading case/vandalism
- Item to be check: (attached)
59
3. TOWER MAINTENANCE CHECKING LIST
I. Tower Conditions (guyed and self-supporting)
A. Members
1. Bent members (legs and lacing)

2. Loose members
3. Missing members
4. Climbing facilities, platforms, catwalks -- all secure
5. Loose and/or missing bolts
B. Finish
1. Paint and/or galvanizing condition

2. Rust and/or corrosion conditions
3. FAA or ICAO color marking conditions
4. Water collection in members (to be remedied, e.g., unplug drain holes, etc.)
C. Lighting
1. Conduit, junction boxes, and fasteners weather tight and secure

2. Drains and vents open
3. Wiring condition
4. Controllers functioning
a. Flasher
b. Photo control
c. Alarms
5. Light lenses
6. Bulb condition (Option: change all bulbs at one time)
D. Grounding
1. Connections checked and secure

2. Corrosion observed and remedied
3. Lightning protection secure (as required)
E. Tower Base Foundation
1. Ground Conditions
a. Settlements or movements
b. Erosion
c. Site condition (standing water, drainage, trees, etc.)
2. Base condition
a. Nuts and lock nuts tight
b. Grout condition
3. Concrete Condition
60
a. Cracking, spalling, or splitting
b. Chipped or broken concrete
c. Honeycombing
d. Low spots to collect moisture
e. Anchor-bolt corrosion
F. Tower Assembly Profile
1. Antennas and feedlines (each)

a. Frequency
b. Elevation
c. Type
d. Size
e. Manufacturer
f. Connectors and hangers
2. Optional appurtenances (walkways, platforms, sensors, floodlights, etc.)
a. Elevation
b. Arrangement
c. Drawings or sketches
3. Foundation and anchors
a. Plan
b. Elevations (relative or mae)
c. Size
d. Depths
e. Soil type (if known or necessary)
G. Tower Alignment
1. Tower Plumb and Twist (See 6.1.2.1 and 6.1.2.2)

H. Insulators (As Required)
2. Insulator Condition
a. Cracking and chipping
b. Cleanliness of insulators
c. Spark gaps set properly
d. Isolation transformer condition
e. Bolts and connections secure
f. Manufacturer type and part numbers for future replacements
II. Guyed Towers
A. Anchors
1. Settlement, movement or earth cracks

2. Backffil heaped over concrete for water shedding
3. Anchor rod condition below earth (Maintain required structural capacity of anchor
during exploration, inspection and maintenance. Attachment to temporary anchorage
may be required.)
61
4. Corrosion control measures (galvanizing, coatings, concrete encasement, cathodic
protection systems, etc., refer to Annex J.)
5. Grounding (Paragraph I-D)
6. Anchor head clear of earth
B. Tower Guys
1. Strand
a. Type (lx7 EHS, lx19 bridge Strand, etc.)
b. Size
c. Breaking strength
d. Elevation
e. Condition (corrosion, breaks, nicks, kinks, etc.)
2. Guy Hardware
3. Elements
a. Bent, broken, cracked or bullet damaged
b. Loose
c. Missing
d. Loose and/or missing fasteners
4. Corrosion condition
5. Radomes and/or cover conditions
C. Feed Lines (waveguide, coax, etc.)
1. Hangers and supports

a. Condition
b. Quality
c. Corrosion condition
2. Flanges and seals (check integrity)
3. Line Condition
a. Dents
b. Abrasions
c. Holes
d. Leaks
e. Jacket condition
4. Grounds
a. Top ground strap bonded both ends
b. Bottom ground strap bonded both ends
5. Feedline support (ice shields)
a. Properly attached
b. Loose and/or missing bolts
c. Members straight and undamaged
62

Towerwin V.3.3: Automatic Tower Designer

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Towerwin V.3.3: Automatic Tower Designer

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Engineering Software Research Center

Address: Komp. Rajawali Plaza Ruko 34, Bandung 40182, INDONESIA

Bandung, August 2009

1. Towerwin User’s Manual

c. Power Line Transmission Tower

2. Tower Design Criteria by EIA/TIA-222F

3. Tower Maintenance Check-list

Towerwin is a special purpose computer program for designing a tower, capable to do

SANSPRO TOWER GENERATOR V.3.3

TOWERWIN consists of several modules:

1. TOWERWIN (main menu)

B. HOW TO USE TOWERWIN

TOWERWIN generate a model in a following steps:

1. User create a tower model file (*.TWR)

4. After designed, Towerwin will generate:

TOWERWIN divide a Tower by Segment.

TEST1.TWR -> Telecommunication Tower (GSM) 20m

Typical Design Stages will be as follows:

a. CREATE A TOWER MODEL

1. Copy Data from existing *.TWR file

b. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

4. Click [TOWER DESIGN]

- Browse for the saved file

1. Click [TDR] (Tower Design Result) to create *.TDR file

1. Go to Tab View3D, Right Click, Copy to Clipboard,

f. VOLUME AND WEIGHT

Separate material data can be provided for:

Section name can be entered as follows:

L50 L50x4 L50x50x4 P30 D30

Additional in-plane elements (horizontal bracings, corner, inter-corner) can be

Tower Loading data can be provided for:

Dead Load at top platform *LOAD*

Snow Load Type:

1 = Hoarfrost, Unit wgt = 3 kN/m3 = 300 kg/m3

Antenna Load can be given in two formats:

F. POWER LINE TRANSMISSION TOWER

Control Data *POWERTRANS*

Conductor Load Data can be calculated from POWERLINE Program.

Conductor size, weight and tensile capacity

Strengthenings can be applied as follows:

1. As intermmediate stiffeners that will reduce the buckling length ratio

I. FILE FORMAT EXPLANATION

TOWERWIN uses Simple Text Format to Model a Tower.

// flagkfv : main vert.leg: 0,1=kfac=1.0, 2=kfac=0.5, 3=kfac=0.25

// st_optV : strengthening of vertical leg, 0=none, 1=yes

// st_optD : strengthening of vertical leg, 0=none, 1=yes

// st_optH : strengthening of vertical leg, 0=none, 1=yes

Pressure = 0 // Pressure for CONW

Format1: Side,loc,N,Shape -> side=1,2,3,4 loc: 1=left,2=mid,3=right

*SNOWLOAD* // Snow Load

Towerwin can be installed as follows:

1.a.2 Main Features

Main features of Towerwin are:

1. Support latest tower load and design code:

a. Node coordinates (2D) and (3D)

4. Steel Element Design

a. Allowable Stress Design (ASD-89)

5. Foundation Design (*)

a. Every sides of tower

a. Using Block and Group method

9. User Friendly Interface

a. Using Parametric modelling appoach

(*) Future Version

Dead Load at top platform LOAD

Control Data POWERTRANS

SNOWLOAD // Snow Load