The calculated result are represented in this table:

Experiment 𝑃2 (kPa) 𝑇2 (℃) 𝑃3 (kPa) 𝑇3 (℃)

1 11.9 19.9 13.15 20.9
2 6.4 19.8 7.87 20.9
3 4.39 20.2 5.06 20.9

Converting all pressure to absolute as shown this table:

Experiment Absolute pressure of Absolute pressure of Absolute pressure of
𝑃1 (N/𝑚2 ) 𝑃2 (N/𝑚2 ) 𝑃3 (N/𝑚2 )
1 122712.9 116612.9 118212.9
2 117682.9 111112.9 112582.9
3 112482.9 109102.9 109772.9

Consider the following two stage process carried out on a gas:

Stage I is a reversible adiabatic expansion of the gas from V1 to V2 with cooling from T1 to T2 since the
gas is doing work of expansion and no compensating heat transfer is allowed.

Thus: dU = dq + dw

dq = 0 for an adiabatic transformation, dw = -PdV for a reversible expansion

dU = - PdV (1)

The total differential of U is given by

U U
dU = ( ) dT + ( ) dV
T v V T (2)

If we assume the gas is ideal

dU =0
and

U
dU = ( ) dT = n C dT
T V V
(3)

n C dT = - PdV (4)
V

and again for an ideal gas PV = nRT so

dT dV
nC = - nR
V T V (5)

integrating we find

ln T2=−n Rln V 2 (6)

nCV T1 V1

or since

T2= P2V 2
T1 P1V1
for an ideal gas

P2 V2 V2
CV l n = - ( C + R) l n C ln (7)
P1 V V1 p V1

since, for an ideal gas CV + R = C p (8)

therefore

Cp l n ( P 1 / P 2)
= g= (9)
CV l n ( V 2 / V 1)
Stage II involves heat transfer to the gas at constant volume sufficient to restore the temperature to T 1.
Thus, assuming ideal gas behaviour,

P3 T
= 1 = P1V1
P2 T2 P2V2 (10)

V2 P1
=
V1 P3
1

𝐶𝑝 ln(𝑃1)−ln⁡(𝑃2)
Thus K = 𝐶𝑣 = ln(𝑃1)−ln⁡(𝑃3)

Calculating K in the 3 experiments as shown this table:

Experiment K
1 1.364
2 1.296
3 1.251

1.4−𝑘
% error = × 100⁡,
1.4

Experiment % error
1 2.571
2 7.428
3 10.642