International Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering 2015, 4(2): 35-44

DOI: 10.5923/j.ijtte.20150402.01

Modernization of Bodies Tipper Trailers to Improve the

Working Conditions of Maintenance
Slivinskii Е. V.*, Korchagin V. A., Radin S. Yu., Rizayeva Yu. N.

Yelets State University I. A. Bunin, Lipetsk state technical university

Abstract This article presents the material relating to the development of advanced designs of devices aimed at improving
safety in the maintenance and repair of dump full trailers transported as part of automotive trains. The proposed technical
solutions created at the inventions allow more safely and effectively perform repair and maintenance work components and
assemblies in the trailers when they are in a buoyant body condition. Calculations of force loading of structural elements of a
number of these devices will prove the basic rational geometrical parameters of such structures. Recommended the
development, both domestic and foreign research and industrial structures in the field of Automobile and Tractor Engineering
for their further study and possible implementation in practice.
Keywords Trailer, Tractor, Frame, Longeron, Hydraulic jack, Cross-piece, Reference device, Spring, Rigidness, Tension

adaptations.
1. Introduction
Increase of safety of service of agricultural machines is
one of the major tasks on enhancement of agricultural
production in our country. The successful solution of
problems of support of safe maintenance and reliability of
machines in operation, saving of metal and lightness of
constructions probably only on the basis of the theory and
application in practice of design of the modern methods and
funds of calculation for durability, wear resistance and
rigidness. One of the major technological processes, for
example, in an agronomical complex are transport operations
on transportation of different loads to what different trucks
and the autotractor trains consisting of tractors of aggregated
with trailers and semi-trailers are widely applied. The
broadest application is found by tractor transport. As tractors
to transportation of trailers and semi-trailers apply wheel Figure 1. General view of the autotractor dumping trailer model 2PTS-4
tractors of a class 0,9t, such as a tractor four-wheel Usually in the package of the chassis are included: frame,
T-28X4M-C1 and T-40AM. Wheel tractors of a class of 1,4 t running gear, the tractive coupling device, the brake system,
it is the MTZ-52, MTZ-80, YuMZ-6M tractors, etc. the rolling-over mechanism and electric equipment (fig. 1).
Constructions of tractor dumping trailers are also The frame of the trailer represents welded construction and
diversiform and generally it is tractor biaxial dumping consists of two stamped longerons connected among
trailers of models 2PTS-4-793-01, 2PTS-4-887, 2-PTS-4M, themselves cross-pieces. In a middle part of a frame by
and also heavy-load tractor semi-trailers of model 3-PTS-12 means of a support bracket the lower support of a hydraulic
with a loading capacity of 12,0 t aggregated with the wheel jack is welded. When trailers are involved in transportation
K-700 tractors, etc. [1-3]. of light-weight loads of their platform are supplied with the
Basis of construction of all tractor trailers is the chassis added side folding and stationary edge boards having under
which serves for installation on it of a platform and operating conditions low reliability. Usually at all models of
autotractor dumping 2PTS-4 trailers hydraulic jacks are
* Corresponding author:
evgeni_sl@mail.ru (Slivinskii Е. V.) executed telescopic type from steel pipes entering each other.
Published online at http://journal.sapub.org/ijtte For the purpose of increase of safety of service and repair of
Copyright © 2015 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved nodes and details of the trailers which are in hard-to-reach
36 Slivinskii Е. V. et al.: Modernization of Bodies Tipper Trailers to Improve the Working Conditions of Maintenance

spots, they are supplied with safety stands of platforms. the level of invention (RU2463179) technical solution to
Usually in the package of the chassis are included: frame, automatically capture platform trailer with a tilt of her state
running gear, the tractive coupling device, the brake system, for unloading.
the rolling-over mechanism and electric equipment (fig. 1). Figure 2 shows a general view of the hydraulic ram tipper
The frame of the trailer represents welded construction and tractor trailer in the section.
consists of two stamped longerons connected among Tipper Tractor trailer consists of tipper platform 1
themselves cross-pieces. In a middle part of a frame by (completely trailer not shown) pivotally interconnected with
means of a support bracket the lower support of a hydraulic the help of leg 2 rigidly attached to the inner tube 3 hydraulic
jack is welded. When trailers are involved in transportation ram. In its lower part the inner tube 3 is provided with bottom
of light-weight loads of their platform are supplied with the 4 which on its circular generatrix has a convex hemispherical
added side folding and stationary edge boards having under surface 5. Inner tube 3 is movably arranged in the outer tube
operating conditions low reliability. Usually at all models of 6 hydraulic ram which, by means of hinges 7 mounted on the
autotractor dumping 2PTS-4 trailers hydraulic jacks are frame beam 8, the chassis of the vehicle tipping. In the lower
executed telescopic type from steel pipes entering each other. portion of the outer tube 6 is connected to the inlet 9 of the
For the purpose of increase of safety of service and repair of hydraulic system of the tractor.
nodes and details of the trailers which are in hard-to-reach
spots, they are supplied with safety stands of platforms.
Essential lack of such safety stands is that they are set
manually and in practice often the service personnel, having
forgotten them to set, is subject to traumatizing at the
expense of a possible self-omitting of a body because of
existence of possible defects in tractor and trailer hydraulic
systems.
Therefore, in practice, ways on creation and use are found
now, different devices on construction allowing to
mechanize process set also dismantling of safety stands
operating in an automatic mode.
Considering it the budgetary NIR is carried out to Yelets
State University I.A.Bunin on chair of mechanics and
technological processes throughout a row of years on the
subject "Dynamics, Durability and Reliability of Transport,
Construction and Road and Agricultural Machines, and also
the Industrial Normal and Non-standard Equipment in
relation to the Chernozem Region of the Russian Federation"
and to one of its sections researches directed on improving of
working conditions of the service personnel taken are
executed in case of their maintenance.

2. Research Objective
Given the above objective of this study is:
1. Development of advanced designs at inventions devices
for automatic locking body in high state to make
maintenance work during servicing of automotive
tipper trailers.
2. Development of design schemes such device allows
calculations to determine the rational of their kinematic
and geometric parameters.
3. Evaluation of technical and economic efficiency of the
proposed technical solutions for possible introduction
in the last practice.
3. Research Technique
Analysis of numerous number of bibliographic sources, as
well as domestic and foreign patents, allowed to develop at
Figure 2.
In the upper portion of the outer tube 6, a groove 10
arranged therein and is rigidly there to mounting body 11
which is movably mounted in a spring-loaded by a
compression spring 12 having a cotter 13 at its end portion a
hemispherical concave surface 14. Itself cotter 13 via rod 15
is connected to a flexible bond 16 with the handle 17 fixed at
the end portion of the chassis frame of the tipper vehicle.
Powered Dumper vehicle follows. When unloading
platform 1 tipper vehicle, well known in the art process, is
fed under pressure from the working fluid by the arrow A
(Fig. 2), whereupon the inner tube 3 is moved according to
the arrow B until the convex hemispherical surface 5 bottom
4 does not come into contact with the cotter 13. Thus cotter
13 will move according to arrow C, elastically deforming the
compression spring 12, thereby providing further movement
of the inner tube 3. Once convex hemispherical surface 5 of
 International Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering 2015, 4(2): 35-44 37

the bottom 4 comes into contact with a hemispherical
concave 14 cotter surface 13, the process of movement of the
inner tube 3 stops and under the force generated by the
compression spring 12, the cotter 13 securely holds inner
tube 3. After unloading dump platform 1, the operator
manually moves the handle 17 along arrow E, which
facilitates the movement of cotter 13 in same direction as it
by means of a flexible rod 15 and the connection 16 is
connected to the handle 17. Such action creates a condition
for the output of the hemispherical contact surfaces 5 and 14
and hence the inner tube 3 is able to move in the direction
opposite the arrow B, displacing working fluid in the inlet 9.
After lowering dump platform 1, all items devices occupy a
position as shown in Figure 2. Further, the described process
can be repeated many times.
Analyzing the above structure hydraulic ram (Fig. 2)
shows that the structural component of the charge it is a
cotter 13, which interacts with the bottom 4 and retention
platform trailer inclined state exposed slice. Given the latter,
the inspections strength cracker considering that it is made of
rectangular cross section and are known as its geometrical
dimensions (height h = 35,0 mm and width b =25,0 mm), and
load Q = 965 kg = 9650 N attached to it by its own weight
platform tractor tipper trailer 2РТS-4-793А. For this we use
the following well-known dependence:

6QS0 6 ⋅ 965 ⋅ 7,14

τ mfx= 3
= 3
= 1349 kg/ sm 2= 135 MPа < [τ =
] 418 MPа ,
bh 2,5 ⋅ 3,5
when, S0 – static moment about the neutral axis x of the square-section lying on one side at the level at which the voltage is
determined and is equal to S0 = b/2(h2/4 – y2);
[τ] = 0,7[σ]в = 0,7∙598 = 418 MPа for steel 45, which is made of a cracker.

Figure 3. Technical solution for patent RU2481971

38 Slivinskii Е. V. et al.: Modernization of Bodies Tipper Trailers to Improve the Working Conditions of Maintenance

It is evident that the strength condition is satisfied and its opposite to the arrow K, rests on the end surface of the outer
stock is 3,1. pipe 7, and thereby the movement of cylindrical housing 5
Consider another solution also recognized the invention and, hence, the platform 2 is stopped. In this case, the wait
(RU2481971) and directed as well as previous to improve staff can carry out various repairs or maintenance work
the safety of the work in the operation of a tractor trailer under the raised platform 2, except for the last possible
tipper dump it in terms of discharge. injuries. After repairs , the operator control handle 17
So in Figure 3 shows a general view of the tipper vehicle translates according to arrow M, and then the finger 11
side, it hydrolift sectional and part of the fixing assembly moves in the direction opposite the arrow E by releasing
hydraulic ram. fixation cylindrical casing 5, relative to the outer tube 7, and,
Dumper In this case the vehicle comprises a chassis 1 consequently, the platform 2 is lowered onto the chassis 1
platform 2. On the chassis 1 and the platform 2 by means of trailer occupying such position, as shown in Fig.1.
ball joints 3 and 4 located telescopic hydraulic hoist, Hereinafter described processes tilt platform 2 and its
comprising cylindrical housing 5 rigidly fixed to the inner descent into the transport position may be repeated several
pipe 6. Cylindrical casing 5 adjustably positioned relative to times.
the outer pipe 7, and between it and the inner tube 6 is Analyzing such a design hydraulic ram (Fig. 3) shows that
arranged an intermediate tube 8. Outer tube 7 is provided the structural component of its charge as well as in the
with a conduit 9, and a cylindrical shaped casing 5, a groove previous technical solution is a finger 11 which interacts
10 in which the finger 11 is movably arranged rigidly with the outer tube 7 being located in a cylindrical shaped
attached to one arm of the threearms lever 12 by a hinge 13 housing 5 platform holding the trailer in an inclined position
mounted on the outer surface of the cylindrical housing 5. and thus susceptible to shear. Considering the latter, we
Other arm of the threearms lever 12 is contacted by the believe that it is made in a similar manner as shown in Figure
compression spring 14 with the outer cylindrical surface of 2, i.e. rectangular cross section and is known for its
the casing 5, and one of the arms of threearms 12 by elastic geometric dimensions (height h = 35,0 mm and breadth b
coupling 15, and springs extension 16 is attached to the =25,0 mm), under the same load Q = 965 kg = 9650 N
handlebar 17 by the finger 11. attached to it by its own weight platform tractor tipper trailer
Powered Dumper vehicle follows. For unloading platform 2PTS-4-793А.
2 is widely known in the art similar manner according to the
arrow A is supplied hydraulic fluid under pressure into the
conduit 9 and the last entering the outer tube 7, promotes the
movement of the inner tube 6 by the arrow B, but since inner
tube 6 is rigidly connected to a cylindrical shape a casing 5,
and then it is together with the ball joint 3 moves in this same
direction lifting the platform 2 by the arrow C. When driving
cylindrical casing 5 by the arrow B, its finger 11 slips on the
outer peripheral surface of the tube 7 and, finally, comes a
moment when he stops in contact, being outside it with the
latter and then, under the action of compression spring 14, it
will move along arrow E being above the end surface of the
outer tube 7. Subsequently the inner tube 6 with its base is in
contact with the end the intermediate part of the tube 8,
which provides its movement in the same direction of arrow
C until it also when its lower part comes into contact with the
end portion of the outer tube 7. Such contact corresponds to
full extension of the outer tube 7 as the intermediate tube 8
and inner tube 6. Simultaneously, described the movement of
pipes 7 and 8 commits and moving together with them in the
same direction and cylindrical shaped casing 5 with finger 11
with it continues to move in direction of arrow C. The
process described in the end provide tipper unloading
platform 2 that receives the inclined towards the unloading
of bulk cargo and when it is completely free from the latter ,
the operator commonly known method for this type of
machines connect to the hydraulic line 9 of the tractor (in the
drawings it is not shown) at the outlet. This operation will Figure 4. Technical solution for patent RU2314941
allow the return of the platform 2 in the direction opposite to
the arrow C. It will continue until the standpipe until the Consider another technical solution aimed at improving
finger 11 moving together with the cylindrical housing 5, the safe operation when operating the tractor tipper trailer
 International Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering 2015, 4(2): 35-44 39

tipper unloading conditions of the invention is also hemispherical shape, aperture 5 reliably fixing the inner tube
recognized RU2314941. 7. Further processes described can be repeated.
So in Figure 4 shows a side view of the trailer and part of Analyzing the structure can be seen that the primary
the cross-section at the location of the hydraulic ram body. responsibility of its detail is the elastic plate, which must be
The trailer consists of a frame 1 to crossbars 2 which is of sufficiently high strength and durability, as well as
rigidly attached support bracket 3 of hydraulic ram. The providing a secure fit platform. Using the known technique
outer tube 4 made hydraulic ram hemispherical recesses 5. [18], design the elastic plate, which can be regarded as a
By the end surface 6 of the inner pipe 7 is connected cantilever spring tape, applied to the tipping platform tipper
hydraulic lift severely elastic plate 8 provided with a tractor trailer 2PTS-4 793, capacity is Q = 4000 kg, and net
projection at its end 9. By the elastic plate 8 on one side weight platform G = 540 kg. Assume, for design reasons, the
rigidly attached flexible connection 10, and on the other but width of the spring b = 120 mm, and a thickness h = 5 mm.
it is also by means of a tension spring 11. Since the proposed device must fix the platform is empty
Flexible connection 10 slung over block 12 which is trailer under the action of a spring attached thereto vertical
movably mounted in the clevis 13 and the last tough using load may lose stability. We define the critical force Ркр
traction 14, is connected to the handle 15 relative to the where it may lose stability by Euler's formula [18]:
frame 1 lockable latch 16. Inner tube 7 of hydraulic lift
120 ⋅ 53
hinged to platform 17. 3,142 ⋅ 2,1 ⋅105
2
To dump unloading platform 17 is widely known in the art π EI min 12
=Ркр = = 2
2219 N ,
way to create a fluid pressure, and it enters the hydraulic ram, µl ( 2 ⋅ 540 )
the inner pipe 7 starts to move in the direction of arrow
rotating body with respect to its supports on the frame in the when µ - factor in the reduced length of the spring, equal to
right, left or rear side (typically operate triangular platform 2.
unloading). Such movement of the inner pipe 7 also l - spring length 540мм, selected constructively.
contributes to the hydraulic ram displacement in the same Assume that after unloading platform which has reached
direction of the elastic plate 8, which with its projection 9 the maximum angle of inclination 550, there was a need in
slides on the outer surface of the outer tube 4 periodically in the product repair and maintenance of mechanisms located
utaplivaja hemispherical recesses 5. Described process of on the trailer frame. In this case, the force is applied
motion of the elastic plate 8 occurs before until it 9 hydrolifts P, whose value can be determined depending on:
protrusion engages with the last adjustment hydraulic ram G 5400
hemispherical recess 5. Further extension of the inner tube 7 =P = 0
= 1986 N .
stops by limiting its movement due to a design feature of 3sin 65 3 ⋅ 0,9063
hydraulic elevator. The described movement of the inner It is evident that the safety factor is
pipe 7 and also contributes tensioning flexible coupling 10,
Р кр 2219
which follows the stretching of the elastic plate 8, the spring nу = = = 1,12 , that is enough.
10 on the rolling block 12. After precipitation of the cargo Р 1986
tractor body 17 is also widely known in the art, the hydraulic To lower the platform to the end of the ribbon spring load
distributor of the tractor by means of a hydraulic ram must be applied Рр, created by a mechanic from the
connects the drain backbone, creating the conditions for mechanism control device when it is deformed. We also
lowering the body 17 on frame 1. However, this does not believe that the movement of the free end of the spring is
happen due to reliable fixing of the inner tube 7, the 20mm, assuming that the diameter of the spherical projection
protrusion 9, which is in contact with the top spherical shape on the spring is 18мм. We also believe that the material is
of the recess 5, the outer tube 4 of the hydraulic ram. In other spring steel 60С2А for ГОСТ 14959-79 a modulus of
words, fixing body 17 is reliable and can, if necessary, to elasticity Е = 2,1·105 MPа and σ Т = 1400 MPа . We
carry out repair and maintenance work hard knots trailer choose the safety factor nТ = 1,75 and then the amount
without fear Self-start platform 17. To lower the platform 17 σТ 1400
to the frame 1, move the latch 16 by arrow C and push the allowable stress [σ
= ] = = 800 MPа .
handle 15 along arrow E, which entrains the rod 14 with the nТ 1, 75
block 15, thereby elastically deforming the elastic plate 8 The numerical values of effort Рр depending on:
according to the arrow F. Such a bending elastic plate 8
contributes to the output 9 of the projection of hemispherical bh 2 [σ ] 120 ⋅ 52 ⋅ 800
=Рр = = 741N .
shaped recess 5 and thus allows the movement of the inner 6l 6 ⋅ 540
tube 7 in the direction opposite the arrow B, and hence the
lowering of frame 17 on the frame 1. If necessary to suspend It can be seen that this force is very significant in
the movement of the platform 17 on the frame 1 and to fix it comparison with the permissible that a worker can attach to
in the desired position for the repair, the knob 15 is moved in the control levers according to the ergonomic requirements
the direction opposite the arrow E, the elastic plate 8 assumes for such control systems, and therefore the construction of
its original position, and includes a protrusion 9 one of a the spring control mechanism must enter the tape transfer
40 Slivinskii Е. V. et al.: Modernization of Bodies Tipper Trailers to Improve the Working Conditions of Maintenance

mechanism gear ratio is not less than U = 3,5. Then pull on
the handle control mechanism of elastic deformation of the
spring will not exceed 21kg. Such transmission mechanism
may be configured, for example, as a two-armed lever
pivotally supported on one arm of the trailer frame is
pivotally attached to the handle 15 (see Figure 4) and power
100mm, and the other, designed to rotate it has the length 350
mm.
To automate the settlement of the choice of material and
geometrical characteristics of the support post for dump
trailers and semitrailers of various models and capacity,
developed a computer program in the language of Delphi,
which was tested on the tractor and trailer, such as
2PTS-4-793-01, 2PTS -4-887, 2- PTS-4М , 3- PTS-12, and
car trailer models GKB-819 and GKB -8527.
Analysis of extensive literature and patent sources allowed
to develop a promising technical solution to exclude injuries
maintenance personnel engaged in the operation of tractor
tipper trailers by using the automatic locking platform in
position at its dump unloading. This design is recognized as
the invention (RU2376162) and can be linked to not only
two-axle tractor, but also road tipper trailers.
Figure 5 shows a general view of the tipper-axle trailer, an
enlarged view of the hydraulic ram, and a schematic diagram
of an apparatus for fixing the inner tube hydraulic ram.
Two-axle dump trailer consists of chassis 1 to diameters 2
of which with the fingers 3 hinged outer tube 4 hydraulic ram,
and it posted its small movable pipe 5. Shallow tube 5 is
pivotally connected to the platform 6. At the outer tube 4 are
channels 7 movably arranged therein a spring-loaded
compression springs 8, a ball shaped latches 9 interacting
with the bottom 10 of small pipe 5.

Figure 5. Technical solution for patent RU2376162

 International Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering 2015, 4(2): 35-44
The outer tube 4 is covered by the hydraulic ram 11 of the
bell crank 12 by hinges mounted on the outer tube 4. One
ends of two-armed levers 11 are provided with permanent
magnets 13 and others, by means of rods 14, pivotally
attached to crossmember 15 is rigidly fixed to the rod 16,
mounted movably on the chassis 1 and a spring-loaded by a
compression spring 17 with respect to the latter. The outer
pipe 4 is connected to the hydraulic ram of the tractor
hydraulic system (for it is not shown in the drawings) by a
conduit 18, feed the hydraulic fluid 19 in the hydraulic ram.
Powered Two-axle dump trailer follows. To unload cargo
from the tipper platform 6, commonly known in the art, is fed
under pressure from the hydraulic fluid 19 in the conduit 18,
and under the action of a small pipe 5 extends from the outer
tube 4 at the arrow A, and reaches a position as shown in Fig.
5. Before it reaches the position of the bottom 10 with their
end surfaces interact with the ball shaped latches 9
retractable blocked by arrows B in the channels 7 formed in
the outer tube 4, and when the bottom 10 to be held by the
latter, under the action of compression springs 8 ball shaped
latches 9 are returned to the initial position such as is also
shown in fig.5. In case of leakage of the working fluid 19 or
other emergency situations under the effect of its own weight
of the platform 6 small tube 5 can not move downward in the
direction opposite arrow A, since the ball shaped latches 9
securely fixed in its said upper position. In this position, the
hydraulic ram service personnel without fear of Self-start
platform 6, producing underneath repair or maintenance
work. For lowering the platform 6 in the transport position to
drawn 16 by the arrow E (Fig. 5) corresponding to the
applied force and she moving in this direction, helps turn
double-arm levers 11 of the arrows F, and once they have
their permanent magnets 13 to touch the surface of the outer
tube 4 by the magnetic force of attraction ball shaped clamps
9 move the arrows B, thus providing easy access to the
bottom 10 of the small tube 5 between them. Thereafter, the
force acting on the arrow E is removed, and under the action
of compression spring 17, rod 16 returns to its original
position, turning of the bell crank 11 in a direction opposite
to arrows F. Further described processes may be repeated
several times.
Analyzing the structure of the above devices and his work
can be seen that the most important parameter is the initial
pair of radial forces applied Pr permanent magnets located
on the bell crank operated by a thrust manually. The
numerical value of each of these forces can be determined
according to known:
SB 2 14 ⋅10−4 ⋅1, 02
Pt
= = = 560
= N 56kgf ,
2 µ0 2 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 3,14 ⋅10−7
when В – magnetic induction, 0,5Т;
μ0 – magnetic permeability of the gap, μ0 = 4π10-7 H/m.
S1 – area of the contacting surfaces of the permanent
magnet and a half spherical surface clamp diameter 30mm,
πd2/2 = 14·10-4 m2.
If we consider that between the permanent magnet and
41
ball retainer is a compression spring, then we will force its
total deformation equal 25kgf and, using reference data [13]
choose its rigidity equal с = 2,76 kgf/mm, such that the
geometrical characteristics of the spring as follows: the total
number of revolutions n = 5, the outer diameter of the spring
DH = 24 mm, step loop t = 6 mm, spring material – wire Н by
GOST 5047-79.
For the economic evaluation, with the possible
introduction of the proposed technical solutions used
technique financial investment analysis and audit in the
implementation of new technology [17]. As a basic sample
accept serial Tractor tipper trailer model 2PTS-4-793A,
which is mounted on the chassis frame hydrolift made on
these RU2463179, RU2481971. According to existing
regulations placed on the trailer overhaul after its run in
150 000 km and at this time it will be possible to retrofit.
Calculation of economic efficiency of implementation of the
proposed technical solutions, such as follows. For this we
use the following parameters (see Table 1).
1. Comparative economic efficiency ratio, defined
according to:
С1 − С 2 110,0 − 95,0
Е= = = 0,21
У 2 − У 1 195,0 − 124,0 .
2. Bring cost ratio to the same production volume serial
trailer will be:
3. These costs maps to the trailers:
а) by serial –
С1 + Ен ⋅У=
1 0 128600rub.
110, 0 + 0,15 ⋅124, =
b) by modernized -
С2 + Ен ⋅У 2 = 95, 0 + 0,15 ⋅195, 0= 124250rub.
4. These costs are subject to the same reduction factor
production volume trailers:
К 2 = (С1 + Ен ⋅ У1 ) ⋅ К1 = 128, 6 ⋅1, 2 = 154320rub.
Based on the above calculation will produce the profits
that the company will receive from the issuance of a
modernized trailer considering the use of perspective in its
design depending on the hydraulic ram:
П = К 2 − (С2 + Ен ⋅ У 2 ) = 154, 32 − 124, 25
= 30070rub.
In conclusion, let us consider another solution, the design
of which is the most simple in comparison with the above at
the same time the body of the trailer is fixed in the raised
position automatically, as it excludes the self-movement of
the raised transport position if the working fluid in the
hydraulic tipping trailer body or tractor receives exhaustion.
This design is recognized as the invention (SU802103) and is
shown in Figure 6.
So in Figure 6 shows a safety fence with lowered body, the
same process of unloading and dump it in the position of the
body when unloaded.
42 Slivinskii Е. V. et al.: Modernization of Bodies Tipper Trailers to Improve the Working Conditions of Maintenance

Тable 1. Input

№ Showing Legend Unit Serial trailer Upgraded trailer

1 Annual output trailers А thousand pieces 20,0 20,0

2 Mileage trailer overhaul Д thousand km 150,0 150,0

3 Cost of production trailer С thousand rub 110,0 95,0

4 Capital investments in one trailer У thousand rub 124,0 195,1

5 Regulatory efficiency ratio Ен - 0,15 0,15

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of the stop lock body tipper trailer

Safety stop is located on the chassis 1 and of the tipper crucial element of its design is the rod 3, which in the course
body 2. Chassis 1 hinged rod 3, the latter being inserted into of their work may become unstable under the action of load
the support 4 is rigidly connected to a stationary mechanical discharged from the body. Therefore, we perform stability
overboard 5 of the body 2. Inner surface of the support 4 is in analysis of such a structural element as follows assuming
the form sheeted hyperboloid. In the support 4 formed a that the largest numerical value of the effort applied to the
transverse hole 6 in which is located a latch with a handle 7 rod 1 (see Figure 6) will be equal to the then when the body
of the stopper 8. Spring 9 biased latch 7. Between the chassis reaches its maximum tilt angle and completely cleared of
1 and the body 2 installed cylinder 10. loose cargo while the pressure in the hydraulic cylinder and
Work safety stop is as follows. When unloading dump disappear rod accept the load from its own weight empty
body 2 is widely known in the art methods fed under pressure body. As input data, for example, for automotive tipper
working fluid in the cylinder 10. When this occurs as lifting trailer 2PTS4-793А and determining Ркр and σкр we use the
body 2 and its tilt toward the unloading of bulk cargo as it is following parameters: net weight of the trailer body 620 kg,
shown in Figure 6. With this tilting of body 2 rod 3 moves length of the rod l = 1200 mm, outer diameter of the rod D =
relative to the support 4, the upper end of the rod 3 may be 40 mm, inner diameter of the rod d = 30 mm, Steel rod
below the transverse hole 6 of the support 4. Covers the material 65 by ГОСТ 14959 – 79, elastic modulus of the rod
opening latch 7, the support 4 in any case retaining its fixing material Е = 2,0∙105 МPа, coefficient characterizing the
element relative to the body of support 4 or fixed support mounting rod μ = 1.
side of the end 5. Therefore after unloading, and return the For this we use the well-known procedure [18] and define the
body to its original position 2 does not occur locking rod 3. following parameters:
when setting the trailer repairs or maintenance of the tractor
moment of inertia of circular cross-section of the rod:
with the handle 8 release from locking latch 7, and the last
π 3,14 4
part of the transverse hole 6 support 4. Then fed pressure
cylinder 10 and the body 4 is moved upward in the direction
I
=
64
(D 4 4
− d= ) 64
( 4 − 3=
4
) 8, 58 cm4
indicated by the arrow in Figure 6, while the rod 3 is moved
within the support 4, and when the upper end portion of the cross-sectional area of the rod:
rod 3 passes transverse holes 6, the inner cavity of support 4 π 3,14 2
overlaps by latch 7 whereby lowering of body 2 excluded. F=
4
(D 2
)
− d 2=
4
( )
4 − 32= 5,5 сm 2
Later the body 2 to return to its original transport position it
somewhat lifted, output latch 7 by lever 8 compressing the radius of inertia:
spring 9 and lock lever 8 on the mechanical side 5. Further
described processes can be repeated several times.
I 8,58
=i = = 1, 24 сm.
Analyzing the proposed solution can be seen that the most F 5,5
 International Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering 2015, 4(2): 35-44
Establish the possibility of using Euler's formula by
comparing the value of the flexibility of the rod ratio
characterizing the use of Euler's formula:
λ = μl/i = 1∙60/1,24 = 49 >
π 2Е 3,142 ⋅ 2 ⋅105
=λ = = 45.
σ пц 780
As 49 > 45, as to determine the critical force Ркр Euler's
formula is acceptable, which can be calculated by following
the provided dependency, and to determine the numerical
value of the critical stress :
π 2 ЕI 3,142 ⋅ 2 ⋅105 ⋅ 8,58
Ркр
= = = 25,5 kN
( µ l )2 (1⋅ 60 ) 2
Ркр 25, 5
σ=
кр = = 463 MPа.
F 5, 5
It is seen that the resulting value is less than the critical
stress limit of proportionality for the above material from
which the rod is made and power σпц = 680 МPа [19].
4. Results of the Study
Based on the foregoing, the following conclusions and
suggestions:
1. Analysis of both domestic and foreign automotive
designs of dump trailers and semitrailers shows that the
latter have a significant drawback, we conclude that in
the maintenance of the latter, when the body is
overturned in the absence of supports often is their
self-starter and then the maintenance staff located in
this zone, prone to injuries with severe outcome.
2. Given the above as inventions (RU2463179,
RU2481971, RU2314941, RU2376162 and SU802103)
developed technical solutions enable automatic
operation safety pillar reliably fix the latter in the tilted
position , as it excludes the self-starter in the event of
any failure in the hydraulic systems of tractors and
trailers due to leaking liquid. Moreover the proposed
technical solutions allow you to exclude injuries
attendants generating repair and maintenance work
while under the trailer raised his body. For example, the
calculations as applied to automobiles tipper trailers
2PTS-4-793A , showed that applying a stopper ( biscuit )
in the design of hydraulic lifts performed Patent
RU2463179, RU2481971 and made rectangular with
dimensions (height h = 35,0 mm width b = 25,0 mm)
and the applied load Q = 965 kg = 9650 N, acting on its
own weight of the body, the cutoff voltage range from
135 MPa whereas their permissible value for the Steel
45, which is made of a stopper is 418 MPa. If locking
the body to perform patent SU802103, then the
calculation of the support leg for stability, in case it is
43
used also in the design of Automobile and Tractor
tipper trailer 2PTS-4-793A showed last made of a
hollow rod of circular cross section, allows you to
securely hold the body in an elevated position with loss
its stability will occur at critical force Ркр equal to 25.5
kN, while the workload on the rod support post for this
trailer is only 0,965 kN.
3. The calculations also showed that the introduction of
the proposed design, for example, Patent RU2463179,
RU2481971 increase operational safety trailers
associated with reliable fixation of the trailer body in an
inclined position is advantageous for production and
operational structures of the national economy, as
machine-building enterprise of the issue, for example,
in the amount of 20.0 thousand units per year can make
a profit of 1.2 million rubles per year at the rate of 30.07
thousand rubles. One trailer model 2PTS-4-793A. At
the same operating conditions, work safety when
servicing or repairing a trailer equipped with the above
fixation device tilting hydraulic lift will be provided.
4. Results of the study recommended the use of SRI
industry automotive industry, agricultural machinery
and engineering departments of enterprises
commercially manufactured, repaired and operated
automobile and tractor tipper trailers, both in our
country and abroad. At the same time, all of the above
developments transferred production structures
involved in repair and modernization trailers Lipetsk
region, and on the basis of agreements on creative
collaboration with the latter, it is planned in 2015, the
production of prototypes of the proposed technical
solutions tied to tractor trailers, followed by
manufacturing prototypes and test them in an
operational environment.
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