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AIR

Air for air con & pressurization is pressurized by engines compressors & delivered through
bleed valves, conditioned by the packs.

Electric, electronic equipment & forward cargo compartment are ventilated by cabin
ambient air.

PNEUMATIC SYSTEM

It consists of all systems designed to supply air to A/C systems.

It supplies air under pressure for air con, pressurization & ice protection systems.

Air is bled from LP compressor stage except at low engine speed, where air source is auto
switched to HP compressor (hotel mode, on grd, during descent at flight idle).

Transfer of air is achieved by means of a pneumatically operated & electrically controlled


butterfly valve (HP valve), which remains closed in absence of electrical supply:

 When HP valve is closed, air is directly bled from LP stage through LP bleed air
check valve.
 When HP valve is open, HP air is admitted into the LP pneumatic ducting & closes
the check valve, air is therefore bled from HP stage only, without recirculation to the
engine.

Wing & engine de-icing air is bled from the HP compressor stage.

ISOLATION:

Downstream of the junction of the LP & HP ducting, air is admitted into the duct by a
pneumatically operated, electrically controlled butterfly bleed valve which acts as a shut off
valve, the bleed valve auto closes:

 Bleed duct overheat (T°>274°C)


 Bleed duct leak (T°>153°C)
 Actuation of associated engine fire handle
 Engine failure at T/O (uptrim signal)
 Prop brake ON (left bleed valve only)

In absence of air, valve is spring loaded closed.

During start sequence, bleed valve opening is inhibited.

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CROSSFEED:

On grd, Xfeed valve always open except when both engines are running & prop brake
disengaged.

In flight, Xfeed valve is normally closed.

LEAK DETECTION SYSTEM:

Continuous monitoring of the system is installed in order to detect overheat due to duct
leakage & to protect structure & components in vicinity of hot air ducts:

 Wing LE & wing to fuselage fairing


 Upper & lower fuselage floor
 Air con pack area

Leak sensing→ Kevlar envelope

Sensing system includes 2 loop detection assemblies, 1 for the RH & 1 for the LH air duct
systems.

When leak is detected, after 1s delay, the associated pack valve, HP valve & bleed valve (&
grd Xfeed valve if left loop is affected) are auto latched and closed.

In case of leak, associated bleed system must be considered inop for the rest of the flight.

OVERHEAT CONTROL:

System includes switches (thermal resistance) which are installed on engines near the HP
compressors exit.

The switches (duplicated for safety) ensure that bleed valve & bleed air shut off valve are
closed when T°>274°C & are controlled by MFC.

In case of overheat, system may be recovered after a cooling time.

AIR CONDITIONING:

Air con system is supplied by air processed through 2 packs which regulates airflow & T°.

Left pack supply cabin & cockpit, & right pack only cabin.

If 1 pack inop, the other supplies both compartments through mixing chamber.

Hot air is admitted through pack valves & conditioned (cooled, dried, compressed) into the
packs.

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The butterfly valve has 2 functions:

 Pack shut off


 Pressure control & hence flow control

Without air pressure, the valve is spring loaded closed. It will also close without electrical
supply.

Pack valves will be auto closed in case of leak detection.

Cooling of air is performed by air-air heat exchangers.

External air is blown to heat exchanger:

 By 2 grd turbo fans through turbo shut off valves when IAS ≤ 150 KT & gear
retracted for less than 10min.
In case of ENG OIL LOW pressure, the turbo fan starts on the opposite side & is
running as long as IAS ≤ 150 KT & regardless of gear position.
 IAS ≤ 150 KT & landing gear extended.
 By ram air when IAS ≥ 150 KT.

Incorrect position of a turbo fan shut off valve leads to closure of the associated pack valve.

A part of air is recirculated by the fans, the other part being evacuated overboard through
the outflow valve.

Toilet is ventilated by differential pressure through a vent line.

COCKPIT, FORWARD CARGO, ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

- are ventilated by flow of ambient air, using the Extract Fan, which is:

 Recirculated to pressurized compartment, or


 Ducted overboard

The selection is operated by the overboard valve which controls the underfloor (U/F) valve
(which re-circulates the air to the pressurized compartment):

 OVBD full closed → U/F open (flight & grd)


 OVBD full open → U/F closed (grd & batt only)

Air is extracted by a fan (Extract Fan) which operates at ≠ speeds depending on flight deck
T°: speed is min below 20°C & max above 52°C.

When start sequence is initiated, Extract Fan stops for 120 sec to avoid pressure shock

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Only when the OVBD valve is on auto mode, exhaust mode PB may be used to control OVBD
valve in a partially open position (grd mechanical call) which is required in case of fan
failure to provide cooling air flow by allowing cabin differential pressure.

OVERHEAT PROTECTION:

OVHT caution is provided when duct T°> 92°C (pack doesn’t close)

In case of OVHT downstream of pack compressor T°>204°C, pack closes.

DO NOT SELECT OVBD VALVE FULL OPEN IF ∆P EXCEEDS 1 PSI.

When start sequence is initiated, extract fan stop for 120s to avoid pressure chocks.

A 6s delay has been provided on right pack valve for passenger comfort.

Extract airflow must be close in case of fwd compartment smoke.

OVBD: -Extract fan is off

-OVBD valve is partially open (in flight only)

-U/F valve is closed.

PRESSURIZATION:

2 outflow valves are installed:

 Electropneumatic
 Pneumatic

In auto mode, pneumatic valve is slaved to electropneumatic → same opening

 The positive differential pressure is limited to 6,35 PSI by manometric capsule


 The negative differential pressure is limited to -0,5 PSI by non return valve

AUTO MODE:

Parameters received by digital controller are:

 Landing elevation
 T/O elevation
 A/C static pressure by ADC 1 with capt altimeter baro setting or ADC 2 with 1013,2
HPA.

The loss of electrical signal causes closing of outflow valve.

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Auto Press Landing Elevation is memorized by the system below 3500ft.

Dump function is available in auto mode only and sends a fully open signal to outflow
valves.

MANUAL MODE:

The control knob is used to select any cabin rate of change from -1500’.min to
+2500’.min.

The electropneumatic valve is closed & pneumatic valve controls the cabin outlet
airflow.

DITCHING MODE:

2 electrical motors maintain both outflow valve closed.

Ditching mode is available in both auto & manual mode.

Descent rate: norm → -400’.min

Fast → -500’.min

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