BIOG, MARIA CASSANDRA O.

10- ALEXANDRITE

I.Quarterly Goals

1.Get high score in quizzes, activities

2.Avoid missed exams

3.Learn something different

4.Gain more knowledge about Science

5.Get high grades

II. Best quizzes, seatworks

A
III. Main article

Microwave
Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths longer than those of terahertz (THz) wavelengths, but
relatively short for radio waves.
Microwaves have wavelengths approximately in the range of 30 cm (frequency = 1 GHz) to 1 mm (300 GHz).
However, the boundaries between far infrared light, terahertz radiation, microwaves, and ultra-high-frequency radio
waves are fairly arbitrary and are used variously between different fields of study.
A microwave oven works by passing microwave radiation, usually at a frequency of 2450 MHz (a wavelength of 12.24
cm), through the food.
Water, fat, and sugar molecules in the food absorb energy from the microwave beam in a process called dielectric
heating.
Many molecules (such as those of water) are electric dipoles, meaning that they have a positive charge at one end and a
negative charge at the other, and therefore rotate as they try to align themselves with the alternating electric field
induced by the microwave beam.
This molecular movement creates heat as the rotating molecules hit other molecules and put them into motion.
Microwave heating is most efficient on liquid water, and much less so on fats and sugars (which have less molecular
dipole moment), and frozen water (where the molecules are not free to rotate).

Retrieved from :
https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/microwave.htm
IV. Scientist

Heinrich Rudolf Hertz was born in Hamburg, Germany, on

February 22, 1857, the oldest of the five children of Gustav
Ferdinand Hertz and Anna Elisabeth Pfefferkorn. Hertz's paternal
grandfather converted from Judaism to Lutheranism and married
into a Lutheran family. His father was an attorney who belonged to
the Hamburg senate, his mother was the daughter of a doctor. Both
Hertz's father and mother were Lutheran.
In his youth, Hertz showed an advanced aptitude for
mathematics, and took extra geometry lessons on Sundays. He
more often than not ranked first in his class. He also had a strong
affinity for languages, quickly learning Latin, Greek, Arabic,
and Sanskrit. At the same time, he showed a facility for the practical
in drawing, sculpture, and handicraft. To combine these interests,
he at first pursued a career in engineering construction.
Heinrich Rudolf Hertz was the first conclusively proved the
existence of the electromagnetic waves theorized by James Clerk
Maxwell's electromagnetic theory of light. The unit of
frequency, cycle per second, was named the "Hertz" in his honor.

In 1864 Scottish mathematical physicist James Clerk Maxwell, proposed a comprehensive theory of
electromagnetism, now called Maxwell's equations. Maxwell's theory predicted that coupled electric and magnetic
fields could travel through space as an "electromagnetic wave". Maxwell proposed that light consisted of
electromagnetic waves of short wavelength, but no one had been able to prove this, or generate or detect
electromagnetic waves of other wavelengths.

Like many of the scientists of his time, Hertz did not understand the wide-ranging potential applications of his
production and detection of electromagnetic radiation. His original purpose was to demonstrate certain principles
contained in Maxwell's theory. Had not others, such as Lodge and Fitzgerald, been working in the same field, his work
and its applications might not have been well understood.
Of his discovery, he said:
“It's of no use whatsoever … this is just an experiment that proves Maestro Maxwell was right—we just have these
mysterious electromagnetic waves that we cannot see with the naked eye. But they are there.”

Asked about the ramifications of his discoveries, Hertz replied, "Nothing, I guess." His discoveries would later be
more fully understood by others and be part of the new "wireless age."
It took more practical people like Nikola Tesla and Guglielmo Marconi to understand the practical advantage of using the
waves to send messages over long distances. Hertz did not live long enough to see the blossoming of the new
technology based on his discoveries.

Hertz is also known for Hertz’s Principle of Least Curvature, and he is also the one who first who observe and
publish observation about the Photoelectric Effect

In 1892, Hertz was diagnosed with an infection (after a bout of severe migraines) and underwent operations to
treat the illness. He died of granulomatosis with polyangiitis at the age of 36 in Bonn, Germany in January 1, 1894, and
was buried in the Ohlsdorf Cemetery in Hamburg.

Hertz's wife, Elisabeth Hertz née Doll (1864–1941), did not remarry. Hertz left two daughters, Johanna (1887–1967)
and Mathilde (1891–1975). Hertz's daughters never married and he has no descendants.
V. “Ah, ganon pala ‘yon”

• Weight is the SAME as Mass

As science content writers, we know that weight is NOT the same as mass and our teachers know this too. Yet often a
teacher will take the time to explain the difference between weight and mass, only to use the two interchangeably when
measuring during labs. If students aren’t giving the teacher their full attention during the weight versus mass lesson,
then their misconception can persist. To fully understand the difference between mass and weight, content writers must
include a lesson with the definition of each and a reinforcing activity.

Mass is a quantitative term that describes the amount of matter in an object. It is a measure of the object’s inertia, or its
resistance to change in velocity. Weight includes the effects of gravity on the object. This is best shown by the equation
W=mg, where w = weight, m = mass, and g= gravity. Looking to learn more? Try visiting Hyperphysics Mass and Weight.

Gravity is the FORCE of attraction between two masses. When one of the objects is relatively large, gravity is more
obvious. For example, the effect of gravity on our bodies is stronger on Earth than on the Moon. This is because the
Moon is about six times smaller than Earth so our weight is about six times lower than on Earth. You can prove this
relationship using W=mg and including fun activities like Your Weight on Other Worlds and Detective Science Games
Gravity, Mass and Weight.

• A continuous force is needed for continuous motion

This misconception is a direct consequence of the first one. While this is true, if you are, for example, pushing a grocery
cart in a supermarket, again this is only because there is friction involved. The force you apply to keep an object moving
is only to counteract the frictional force. If you were to throw a rock on outer space, it would travel with a constant
velocity forever, unless it hits something, of course. This is because space is mostly empty (it has trace elements of gas
and dust throughout), and there would not be any frictional force acting on that rock.

VI. Trivias

• A rubber band shrinks when heated and expands when cooled because of the change in its Entropy state.

• Due to the effect of Thermal Expansion, the Eiffel Tower is upto 15 cm taller in summer.

• Radar is an abbreviation of Radio Detection And Ranging.

• If an atom were the size of a stadium, its electrons would be as small as bees.

• The length of your thumb is about the same as that of your nose.

• The Dead Sea is so dense with salt, you can easily float on it without drowning.

• The lightning bolt is 3 times hotter than the Sun.

• The bark of the redwood tree is fireproof.

• If Mount Everest were placed at the bottom of the deepest part of the ocean, its peak would still be a mile
underwater.

• The Atlantic Ocean grows at about the same rate as your fingernails.

• Diamonds are the hardest known substance.

• Laser is an abbreviation of Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.

VII. Dedication

I want to dedicate this to God for giving us strength and wisdom to accomplish this project. I also want to thank our
Science subject teacher Sir John Rubido for sharing us the knowledge that we know will be helpful for us and also a
thank you for my classmates who organized our section’s project. I also want to dedicate this to the next and next
generation who will use this and benefit from this book.

References :

http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Heinrich_Hertz

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Hertz

https://www.google.com/amp/s/futurism.com/9-common-misconceptions-physics/amp

https://apasseducation.com/4-misconceptions-students-have-about-physics/

https://www.sciensational.com