‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺻﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺃﺛﺮﻫﻤﺎ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﻁﻨﻲ‬

‫‪PIRACY AND COUNTERFEITING AND IT’S‬‬
‫‪IMPACT ON NATIONAL ECONOMY‬‬
‫ﺃ‪.‬ﺩ‪ /‬ﺣﺴﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻮﻕ – ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺣﻠﻮﺍﻥ‬
 ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺻﻨـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴـﺪ‬
‫ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﺑﻲ‬-‫ﺃ‬
Council Regulation EC No. 1383/2003
(a) ‘counterfeit goods’,
(i) goods, including packaging, bearing without authorization
a trademark identical to the trademark validly
registered in respect of the same type of goods, or
which cannot be distinguished in its essential aspects
from such a trademark, and which thereby infringes
the trademark-holder's rights under Community law, as
provided for by Council Regulation (EC) No 40/94 of
20 December 1993 on the Community trademark (4)
or the law of the Member State in which the application
for action by the customs authorities is made;

(ii) any trademark symbol (including a logo, label, sticker,

brochure, instructions for use or guarantee document
bearing such a symbol), even if presented separately,
on the same conditions as the goods referred to in
point (i);

(iii) packaging materials bearing the trademarks of counterfeit

goods, presented separately, on the same conditions as the
goods referred to in point (i);
(b) ‘pirated goods’,

namely goods which are or contain copies made without

the consent of the holder of a copyright or related right or
design right, regardless of whether it is registered in
national law, or of a person authorised by the right-holder
(b) ‘p
in the country of production in cases where the making of
those copies would constitute an infringement of that right
under Council Regulation (EC) No 6/2002 of 12 December
2001 on Community designs (5) or the law of the Member
State in which the application for customs action is made;
 ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺗﺮﺑﺲ‬

‫ﻫﺎﻣﺶ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪: 51‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺗﻌﻨﻰ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ " ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﻘﻠﺪﺓ " ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ ﺳﻠﻊ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻮﺍﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺫﻥ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﻠﺔ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻤﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﺪﻯ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﺭﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻌﻨﻰ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ " ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﻁﺒﻊ ﻣﻨﺘﺤﻠﻪ " ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺃﻱ ﺳﻠﻊ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺧﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺫﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺤﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻮﺽ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺼﻨﻊ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺴﻮﺧﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻖ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﺭﺩ ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻔﺎﻗﻢ ﻅﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺻﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴـﺪ‬

‫ﺍﺗﺴﻌﺖ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﻻﺗﺠﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﻘﻠﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﻄﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺪﺍء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻣﺘﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻼﺑﺲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻈﺎﺭﺍﺕ ‪،‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﻏﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺁﻻﺕ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻤﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺳﻠﻊ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺱ ﺑﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻟﻠﺨﻄﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻴﺔ – ﺍﻷﺩﻭﻳﺔ – ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ – ﻓﺮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ – ﻗﻄﻊ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻏﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﺍﺕ ‪...‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻏﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻘﻠﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺻﻼﺡ ﻣﺆﺧﺮﺓ ﻁﺎﺋﺮﺓ ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺤﻴﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﺓ ﺑﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺟﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻧﻜﺴﺮﺕ ﻣﺆﺧﺮﺗﻬﺎ ﻭﺳﻘﻄﺖ ﻭﺃﺩﻱ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺿﻴﺎﻉ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﻭﺍﺡ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2001‬ﺗﻢ ﻁﺮﺡ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻠﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺃﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ‪ 192‬ﺃﻟﻒ ﻁﻔﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻦ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺻﻨـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴـﺪ‬
‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﺲ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪: 1883‬‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﺲ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪ 1883‬ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﺨﺬﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎء ﻓﻲ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﺲ ﻟﻤﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺰﻭﻳﺮﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺗﻴﻦ ‪ 6‬ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ‪،‬‬
‫‪ 9‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺧﺼﺖ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻤﺎء ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﻬﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﻴﺮﻫﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻁﻮﺍﺋﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 6‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﺎ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﻤﻮﺟﺒﻪ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﻌﻬﺪ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﺲ ﺑﺮﻓﺾ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺑﻄﺎﻝ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﻧﺴﺨﺎ ﺍﻭ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻣﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰﻫﺎ ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻀﻊ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 9‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻤﺎء ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﺮﺭﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎء ﻓﻰ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﺲ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺳﻤﺎء ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻴﺮﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺳﻤﺎء ﻣﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ) ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪9‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺮﺓ ‪ .(1‬ﻭﺗﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺄﻥ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ) ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 9‬ﻓﻘﺮﺓ ‪ .(3‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻠﺘﺰﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﺕ ﺑﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﺑﺮﺓ ) ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺰﻳﺖ ( )‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 9‬ﻓﻘﺮﺓ ‪ .(4‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻻ ﻳﺠﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﺮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺴﺘﻌﺎﺽ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺤﻈﺮ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﺮﺍﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻹﻓﺮﺍﺝ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺟﻤﺮﻛﻴﺎً ‪ ) .‬ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 9‬ﻓﻘﺮﺓ ‪ . (5‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻻ ﻳﺠﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﺮﺍﺩ ﻭﻻ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻓﻴﺴﺘﻌﺎﺽ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﻜﻔﻠﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻟﻤﻮﺍﻁﻨﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ) ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 9‬ﻓﻘﺮﺓ ‪.(6‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺪﻱ ﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺗﺠﺎﺭ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺰﻭﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ‪ 6‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 9‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﺲ ﻻ ﺗﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎء ﻓﻰ ﺍﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﺗﺨﺎﺫﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺃﺟﺎﺯﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﺿﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﻜﻔﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻮﺍﻁﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻓﻘﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 9‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻁﺎﺑﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻟﺰﺍﻣﻲ ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 9‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﺲ ﺗﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﺑﻤﻨﺎﺷﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎء ﻓﻰ ﺍﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﻭﺩﻋﻮﺗﻬﻢ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﺮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻔﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻲ ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻣﻔﺎﻭﺿﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺄﻥ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻠﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭﻫﺎ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﻴﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺧﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻳﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺤﺪﺛﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺎﺩﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻰ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻮﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻣﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻟﻺﻧﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻅﻬﺮ ﺟﻠﻴﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺠﺮﺩ ﻭﺿﻊ‬
‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺎً ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻝ ﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎﻭﺿﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻘﺪﺕ ﺗﺤﺖ‬

‫ﻣﻈﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺟﻮﻟﺔ ﻁﻮﻛﻴﻮ ‪ ، 1974‬ﻁﺮﺣﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﺋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻭﺿﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻠﺪﺓ ‪، counterfeiting goods‬‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻭﺿﺎﺕ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺴﻔﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻱ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺄﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 1979‬ﺗﻮﺻﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﺑﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪﺍً ﻟﻄﺮﺣﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻁﺮﺍﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺕ ﺳﻤﻰ "‬
‫‪Agreement on Measures to Discourage the Importation of‬‬
‫" ‪Counterfeit Goods‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻋﻘﺎﺏ ﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺭﺳﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻘﺪﺕ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ‪ ، 1982 – 1980‬ﻭﺃﻁﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬
‫‪ .‬ﻭﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ‪Anticounterfeiting Code‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﻯ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻁﺮﺍﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻌﻘﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪1982‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻀﻴﺮ ﻟﺠﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻮﺿﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ –‬
‫ﺑﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﺯﻳﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪ – ﺍﻋﺘﺮﺿﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﻈﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ ) ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺒﻮ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻓﻼ ﺷﺄﻥ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺘﺰﻭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻢ ﺗﻔﻠﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﺎﻭﺿﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺻﺪﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺯﺭﺍء‬
‫ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻁﺮﺍﻑ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺕ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻮﻧﺘﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻭﺭﺟﻮﺍﻯ ‪ ،1986‬ﻣﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﺑﺪء ﺟﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﻔﺎﻭﺿﺎﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺸﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻭﺿﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻭﺿﺎﺕ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪﺍً ﻟﻺﻧﻔﺎﺫ ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻅﻬﺮ ﺟﻠﻴﺎً ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺓ –‬
‫ﻭﺃﻳﺪﺗﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ – ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻁﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻹﻧﻔﺎﺫ ﻓﻰ ‪ 5‬ﻣﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﻫﻲ ‪ -1 :‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﺑﻐﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻔﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻳﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁﺔ‪،‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻮﺍﺋﻖ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻮء ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎء ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ‪ -3 ،‬ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺻﺎﺭﻣﺔ ‪ -4 ،‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺘﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ -5‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺭﺍﺩﻋﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻔﻈﻴﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺳﻔﺮﺕ ﻣﻔﺎﻭﺿﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ )ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﺲ(‪ .‬ﻭﻋﺎﻟﺠﺖ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﺟﺰﺍء ﻫﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻟﻰ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻧﻄﺎﻗﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻧﻔﺎﺫ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺃﻁﺮﺍﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﺴﻮﻳﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻳﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺠﺰء ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺷﺄﻥ ﺍﻧﻔﺎﺫ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫) ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ، (41‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺰﺍءﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ) ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻦ ‪ ، (49 – 42‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ، (50‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺔ )ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻦ ‪ ، (60-51‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪.(61‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻹﻧﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰء ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﻦ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻹﻧﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺰﺍءﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺇﻧﻔﺎﺫ ﺗﻀﻤﻨﺖ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺪﻯ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻻﺗﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﺰﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻨﻄﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﻝ ﻟﺤﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ ﻭﺗﺠﺮﻳﻢ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍء ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬
OECD
Organization for Econoic Co-
operation and Development
 ‫ﻓﻲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2008‬ﻧﺸﺮﺕ ﺍﻟـ ‪ OECD‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﺍ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫”‪“ The Economic Impact of Counterfeiting and Piracy‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻠﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﻄﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺪﺍء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ‪ 200‬ﺑﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﺳﻨﻮﻳﺎ ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ‪ 2009‬ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ ﻟﻴﺒﻠﻎ ‪ 250‬ﺑﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻠﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻛﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻠﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍء ﻋﺒﺮ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ) ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺣﺎﺳﺐ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻓﻼﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻲ ‪(..... ،‬‬
‫ﺷﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺻﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺳﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ) ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻟﺔ (‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺑﺪﺍﻉ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺠﺮﻳﻤـﺔ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌـﺔ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
 ‫ﻏﺮﻓـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠـﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴـــﺔ‬

‫‪ ‬ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻜﻠﻴﻒ ﺧﺒﺮﺍء‬

‫ﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺻﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻻﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻲ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ‪. OECD‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫)‪ Business Action to Stop Counterfeiting and Piracy (BASCAP‬‬
‫‪ Frontier Economics‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺮ ‪ 2011‬ﻧﺸﺮ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ Estimating the Global Economic and Social Impact of‬‬
‫‪Counterfeiting and Piracy‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻠﺪﺓ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺮﺻﻨﺔ ﻓﻰ ‪2008‬ﻭ ‪2015‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻠﺪﺓ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺮﺻﻨﺔ ﻓﻰ ‪2008‬‬