World Journal of Technology, Engineering and Research, Volume 2, Issue 1 (2017) 309-318

Contents available at WJTER

World Journal of Technology, Engineering

and Research

Journal Homepage: www.wjter.com

Propeller Drive for Flying Bike

a* b
Dhakad Amit Singh , Pramod Singh
a
Department of Mechanical Engg, MPCCET, India
b
Department of Mechanical Engg, SSIT, India

Keywords ABSTRACT

Human bike The propeller for the aircraft is always a pull or pushed
Future Air Bike
Flying Bike Concept propeller. For the pull propeller it is always driven with the
Man controlled Self help of an engine being coupled with crank shaft and for the
Plane
push propeller it has been always driven with the help of chain
Propeller driven Air
bike drive or by the pulley arrangement which means a propeller is
connected to the wheels of the vehicle through a chain or belt
drive. So, that when the wheels rotate it will rotate or spin the
propeller in order to produce thrust for the forward movement.

© 2017 WJTER All rights reserved.

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1. Propeller:
In [6], the NACA 6412 does very well with the performance and a wind driven vehicle
travels faster than the wind along its direction. The analysis i carried out in the Java
Prop software to study the behaviour of NACA 6412 airfoil selected as push propeller
to fly the bike in air to have the less induced drag and also with minimum drag for the
same amount of lift and wing area. Even for the Wind Turbine it has been chosen best
according to the paper” Design and Blade Optimisation of Contra rotation double
Rotor Wind turbine” for its optimum results for the 3 blades with 600 mm diameter in
the front and rear.
1.1 Propeller Drive [5, 9]

Fig 1.1.1 Propeller drive mechanism

Since the propeller drive is direct from the rear wheel with the help of pulley ( = 6
inch = 0.1524 m ) which is connected to the rear chain sprocket with nuts and
bolts.Thus it will drive the propeller delevering the drive in another pulley of the size(
= 3 inch = 0.0762 m).
Therefore from the equation / = /
We have, propeller rpm as = 12000 rpm through the bevel gear arrangements.
1.1.1 Slip in pulley
Slip is the common phenomeon observed in the pulley drive. There fore by assuming
the thickness of the belt as (t = 0.01 m) and slip (S = 4%), from the equation
/ = + / + t (1 – S/100). We have the final rpm from as 10828.8

1.1.2 Stress in the open belt Drive

Here, we have the velocity of the belt as V = ∏ / 60. Thus which gives V=23.92
m/s.
1.1.3 Angle of contact for the smaller pulley( )
Here, we have the equation
Sinα = - / x, where assumed length of the belt is x = 0.762 m = 30’’, and the
angle of the contact is 2.09 radian.
1.1.4 Tension/Stress in belt
Let be thension in the tight side and
be thension in the slack side
Therefore from the equation 2.3log( / ) = ϻ
we have,
/ = 1.3134 ( let it be equation 1)

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1.1.5 Power transmision
Since we have the power transmission value P = 9.46 kw from the rear wheel.
Therefore from the equation P = ( - ) V, where V = 23.92 m/s
We have
- = 395.48 N (let it be equation 2)
Therefore on solving the equation 1 and 2. We have the tensions as
= 1657.37 N and = 1261.90 N
1.1.6 Maximum tension in the belt
Here from the equation T = (max stress) x (cross sectional area of the belt)
i.e., T = bt
where,
T = 1657.37 N
b = 15mm
t = 10mm
we have,
= 11.04 N/mm² = 11.04 MPa( let it be )
1.1.7 Minimum tension in the belt
Here from the equation T = (max stress) x (cross sectional area of the belt)
i.e., T = bt
where,
T = 1261.90 N
b = 15mm
t = 10mm
we have,
= 8.41 N/mm² = 8.41 MPa( let it be )
1.1.8 Speed loss in the driven pulley due to creep
Therefore from the equation / = ( / ) x E + √ / √
Thus, we have the delivering rpm from the second pulley as
= 11950.71273 rpm. Therefore speed loss by driven pulley due to creep is 1.004
rpm.

1.2 ANALYSIS OF PROPELLER

Since the maximum speed delivered by the rear wheel is 6000 rpm under a power of
9.46 kw and the speed loss by the driven pulley due to slip (S=4%, assumed) and speed
loss due to creep is 10828.8 rpm and 11950.71 rpm.
Since the reduction in speed is possible due to the weight of the propeller. Therefore
assuming the revolution of the propeller as = 6000 rpm for the analysis in Java
Prop. We have the design data for the spinner as (Spinner diameter = 19 mm) amd
propeller diameter 17 inch = 0.412 m and we have the result as

1.2.1 Design

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 Fig 1.2.1 (Design parameter of 2 blade propeller)

So, by putting the input values we have output with certain properties of propeller.

1.2.2 Airfoils

Fig 1.2.2 Airfoil behaviour at different reyonds number

1.2.3 Geometry

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 Fig 1.2.3 Geometry of Propeller

1.2.4 Flow field

Fig 1.2.4 flow around propeller

SUMMARY

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Here from the flow field we see that the (Va): axial flow speed increment increases
immediately after the propeller and also the (Vt): the tangential velocity increases
immediately after the propeller.
Since, the ratio (Va/V) for red colour start with 1.2196 and it is around 1.1973 and the
maximum velocity delivered is 1.5 when measured in a scale.

2. DRAG
Drag is a force which opposes the motion of any body relative to the air flow. But for
the aerodynamic cae the drag is much important as it provides the lift when the surface
of the body and airfoil face the interaction of the moving fluid.
2.1 Drag on the body
The coefficent of drag on the bike with pilot is = 0.5 and nd on the airfoils is = 0.08.
Therefore the total coeffiecint of drag on the flying body is 0.42 for an area of 0.20 m².
Therfore the drag force at speed V = 30 km/hr and 120 km/hr.

Fig 2.1.1 Fig 2.1.2

SUMMARY
So, the total drag on the on the body and equipment is 2.914 N at 30km/hr and 46.22 N
at 120km/hr and as the thrust developed is 115.33 (from the single propeller ).
The bike will attain a speed of 30km/hr in 3.56 seconds (approx) in a length of 29.56 m
Thus the bike will definitely fly in air by attaining and will cruise with a speed of
88.56 km/hr with Single Propeller and 177.912 km/hr with both Push & Pull Propeller
where pull propeller will be driven by 12 V battery.

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 3. CONTROLS
The bike can be control with help of the wings as it is equipped with the aielrons for
the balancing for single propeller. and it can be turn with the help of the front covered
wheel as rudder does in aircraft.
3.1 Centre of gravity:
The wheel base is 1262 mm and the centre of gravity lies at 740.211mm from the
centre of rear wheel.
3.2 Flight Controls
The flight will be controlled with the help of the front covered wheel of the bike to
get turn to left and right and fixed aileron on the left side will help in minimizing the
torque effect which will be fixed. And according to the analysis the two blade push
propeller is providing a velocity of 88. 956 km/hr and a torque(21Nm) can be
minimized by the aileron on the rear wing with an area of 0.028 mm2, also it the
torque effect can get minimized because of the pull propeller installed at the front of
the bike, which will be operated by12 volt battery with the ESC system to increase and
decrease the thrust based on the requirements.
3.3 Turns
The bike can be turn by tilting self body to right/left by turning the handle
slightly.Also, rudder to work on this application. The rudder in planes turn left/right
and it turns the complete body due to the drag forge created when it meets the relative
velocity. Therefore turning handle to left/right the thrust will try to move along the
lateral axis and the body can be turned easily in that manner when the front wheel will
meet the relative wind and it will face the drag force on the wheel covered surface.

Fig 3.3.1 Force on the covered wheel

3.4 Turning Moment and Radius

Fig 3.4.1

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Since, the torque is the moment. Therefore, here we have Torque= F * D, which results
the turning radius=1.2m

RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS

Considering the weight of the bike 280 kg including the weight of other equipments like
airfoils and propeller which is to be installed for the flying purpose and studying it analytically
the lifting of bike is possible at or beyond speed of 30 km/hr with the thrust 115.5 N. Also here
the airfoil NACA 4311 supports the flight because of its awesome characteristic as it come
under the Clark Y category of airfoil which gives the good gliding surface and also it has the
minimum drag and better lift and has very less turbulence and have the subsonic flight with a
mach number less than 0.8.
The diameter is of the propeller 17’’ and when it is rotated with 6000rpm for a delivered
torque of 9 Nm at top speed from the rear wheel as per the user’s guide [23], the thrust
delivered is 115 N which is enough to cruise the bike in air at a speed of 88.56 km/hr and we
are acquiring a power of 5.85 kw. Since we have the maximum rotation of propeller as N₂ =
10828.8 rpm assuming 4 % of slip and N₂ = 11950.71273 due to the creep in the belt, therefore
as we have assumed the final rotation of propeller as 6000 rpm due to its weight. Thus we can
say that the thrust may be more than what we achieved for 6000 rpm. The next thing is that the
body has to overcome drag when it moves and here the total drag acting on the body is 46.66 N
at 33.33 m/s, which is very much low than the thrust 115.5 N. Hence the bike can easily
overcome the drag and can cruise with a speed of 115.5 N with a single propeller. To control
the flight for turning the front wheel is covered and if the handle is turned to left slightly
turning the body down to provide the bank of angle than the bike will get pushed towards the
right and if the bike is turned to right slightly turning the body than the bike will get push
towards the left and this the same application done by the rudder in planes for turning and to
maintain the application of the . For balancing bike to overcome the twisting moment if a bike
is propelled with a single propeller, the airfoil on the left hand side is attached with an aileron
of area = 0.028 mm2, providing an required angle to trap the drag force in between airfoil and
aileron for the balancing. But it is not required if the bike will have the both push and pull
propeller because rotating both the spin cancels and balancing will be maintained easily.

Research Outcomes

By the analytical and analysis studies considering the weights of the airfoils, bike and
propeller it is observed that a bike can fly in air when it is fixed with the wings and a
propeller. Thus doing so as per the methodlogy the bike will be able to lift at or beyond
the speed of 30 km/hr and can generate a thrust of 88.56 km.hr .
Also the flying speed can be doubled if a pull propeler is installemnt in front of the
bike and it can be driven with the help of 12 Volt battery which will be able to produce
8000rpm and hence it will provide the required thrust. Doing so the bike can be get
thrust double the times of the obtained value, which will help in gliding if engine fails
or if transmission fails between rear wheel and bevel gear.

COMPARISION WITH RECENT WORK

The present work shows the good result for the design and fabrication to let the bike fly in air.
We can further enhance it by the following ways:-

 The extra lifting can be provided by having the airfoil arrangement over the pilot/operators
head.
 A Fan wing can be employed in all the wings to produce the current and it can act as a self
power plant.

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 Vertical fan/blades can be also helpful for vertical takeoff and landing.
 An experiment can be conducted in various automobiles for the possibility of flying.

REFERENCES
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 Source (http://www.mh-aerotools.de/aerfoils/ jf_applet.htm)
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