Assignment 1

Muhammad Areeb Shahid

Program : BBIS
Data Communication & Networking

Submission date : 6/3/19

Resource Person : Mr. Usman Sattar

IP :-
An Internet Protocol address IP is a numerical address which is assigned to every device which is
connected to a network. IP is a unique and logical address that provide identity to a networked
device. Devices on a network are differentiated through IP. IP provides an identifiable address to
each device that have an internet access. Having an IP address allows a device to communicate with
other devices. IP addresses are managed globally by IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority)
which works under the Department of Defence ( DOD ), USA.

There are currently two available versions of Internet Protocol.

 1. IPv4
2. IPv6
Now, detailed Comparison/Difference between IPv4 and IPv6 :-
IPv4
1. Internet Protocol version 4.
2. Deployed in 1981.
3. First version of protocol to be widely deployed.
4. IPv4 has lack of security.
5. It uses 32-bit addressing.
6. Addresses are represented in dotted decimal
format.
7. 4294967296 unique addresses can be made.
8. 4 bytes in length.
9. Must be configured either manually or through
DHCP.
10. IP's are categorized in 3 types : Unicast
address, multicast address and broadcast
address.
11. Address is composed of a network portion and
a host portion, depends on the network class.
12. It uses a simple addressing scheme.
13. In IPv4 each octet consists of decimal number
ranging from 0 – 255.
14. IPv4 loop back address is 127, e.g. 127.0.0.1.
15. Addresses are allocated by network class.
16. In IPv4 DHCP is used to dynamically obtain an
IP address and other configuration
information.
17. LAN connection is used by an IP interface to get
to the physical network.
18. Has header options.
19. Header does not identity packet flow or Quality
of Service QoS handling by routers.
20. IP header length is variable ranges from 20 – 60
bytes.
21. Address mask is used in IPv4 to designate
network from host portion.
22. FTP (File Transfer Provides) in IPv4 allows to
send and receive files across different
networks.
IPv6
Internet Protocol version 6.
Deployed in 1999.
Second version of IP to be used across virtual
world.
IPv6 has a built-in strong security.
It uses 128-bit addressing.
Addresses are represented in 16-bit segments
Each segment is written in Hexadecimal separated
by colons.
128-bit addressing allows greater number of
addressable nodes.
16 bytes in length.
Does not require manual configuration or DHCP.
IP's are categorized in 3 basic types. Those are :
Unicast address, multicast address and anycast
address.
In IPv6 addressing 64-bits are for network portion
and 64-bits are for host portion.
It uses a little bit complicated addressing.
IPv6 addresses are made up of hexadecimal
characters.
IPv6 loop back address is expressed as ::1.
In IPv6 allocation is in the earliest stages.
It enhances protocols like stateless address auto-
configuration ( SLAAC ).
IPv6 can be used with any Ethernet adapter.
Has no header options.
Header contains flow label fields, which identifies
the packet flow for QoS handling by routers.
IP header length is fixed, of 40 bytes.
IPv6 uses a prefix length. .
FTP doesn't support IPv6.
23. When the packet is too big for the link over
which it is to be travel it can be fragmented by
the sender.
24. Supports 576 – byte packet size.
25. IPv4 uses Internet Control Message Protocol
(ICMP) to communicate network information.
26. Supports globally unique public addresses.
27. Internet Protocol Security IPSec is mandatory
in IPv4.
28. Address Resolution Protocol ARP Is available to
map IP addresses to MAC addresses.
29. Broadcast messages are available.
30. Address ‘A' records maps host names.
In it fragmentation can only occur at the source
node and reassembly is only done at destination
node.
Supports 1280 – byte packet size.
ICMP is also used by IPv6 but it uses advance
version of it. It uses version 6 ( ICMPv6 ) that
provide some new attributes.
Supports globally unique unicast addresses.
IPSec is optional in IPv6.
ARP is replaced with the function of Neighbour
Discovery Protocol NDP.
Broadcast messages are not available.
Address ‘AAAA' records maps host names.

Overall Comparison:-
 After comparing the two versions of IP's we can conclude that
IPv6 presents a standardized solution to overcome IPv4's
limitations.
 IPv6 provides large number of IP addresses than IPv4, it is the
reason that v6 is replacing v4.
 v4 provides over 4 billion unique IP addresses where v6
provides over 340 trillion IP addresses. That is really a big
number. IPv6 has expanded addressing and routing capabilities.
 IPv6 is more compatible with mobile networks than IPv4.
 IPng ( Next Generation )/IPv6 is the advance version of IP yet it
is used by less than 1% of the networks, while IPv4 is still in use
by the remaining 99%.

References :-
 https://www.linksys.com/us/support-
article?articleNum=139604
 http://www.circleid.com/posts/dhcp_for_ipv4_vs_ipv6_what
_you_need_to_know/
 https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/ssw_ib
m_i_61/rzai2/rzai2compipv4ipv6.htm#rzai2compipv4ipv6__c
ompdns
 http://www.httpdebugger.com/articles/ipv4_vs_ipv6.html
 https://www.lifewire.com/what-is-an-ip-address-2625920
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6
 https://www.google.com.pk/amp/www.webopedia.com/am
p/DidYouKnow/Internet/ipv6_ipv4_difference.html
 https://www.techopedia.com/definition/5367/internet-
protocol-version-4-ipv4