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MUHAMMAD IKMAL BIN LOKMAN SX171784KMMF04 PROJECT APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS

DR. ZULKARNAIN BIN ABD. LATIF

Single Overhead Camshaft Engine


(SOHC)
Objective

 To study the concept of Single Overhead Camshaft Engine.


 To know SOHC’s impact on power, work, fuel efficiency.
 To know the advantages and disadvantages of the Single Overhead Camshaft Engine.

Type of technology used

Fuel and air need to be introduced into a cylinder, compressed, ignited, and then exhausted. The
compression and ignition parts are relatively straightforward: The piston moves toward the top of the
cylinder, and the physical space is compressed. This leads to an increase in temperature and pressure
for the air-fuel mixture. A spark plug, located near the top of the cylinder, ignites the fuel mixture. With
camshafts at the cylinder head, we use intake and exhaust valves. The camshaft was connected to the
crankshaft by either a timing belt or a timing chain, as it was too far to be efficiently connected via a
gear set.
Methodology (Physical Construction)

When a single camshaft governs both intake and exhaust valves, the setup is commonly known as SOHC.
The camshaft is situated over the cylinders of the engine, placing the lobes of the camshaft directly on
the rocker arms for the engine intake and exhaust valves.

Impact on power, work, fuel, efficiency, environment, social etc

 The benefit to the overhead cam setup is that it allows for more intake and exhaust valves,
meaning fuel, air and exhaust can move more freely through the engine, adding power.
 More the power more is fuel consumption. Thus, when talking in the terms of SOHC vs. DOHC
fuel efficiency, a SOHC is more fuel efficient.
 SOHC has a single rotating cylindrical rod that regulates the intake and the exit of gases which
make it a less complicated design and thus cheaper than its counterpart.

Advantages

 A simpler version of the more complex dual overhead cam engine.


 SOHC cylinder heads are generally less expensive to manufacture than double overhead
camshaft (DOHC) cylinder heads.
 Due to lighter valve-train weight, a single overhead cam engine also features a performance
advantage over dual overhead cam setups with lower end torque values.
 The single overhead valve configuration is quite mechanically friendly and allows modern engine
builders a great deal of performance-seeking freedom.
 Can easily facilitate variable valve timing.
 Timing belt replacement can be easier since there are fewer camshaft drive sprockets that need
to be aligned during the replacement procedure.

Disadvantages

 A SOHC setup means that the Camshaft is usually placed in the middle of the head which denies
the spark plug its ideal location.
 SOHC designs have less control over valve timing as compared to DOHC
 A SOHC is simply a single camshaft regulating both the inlet and the outlet of gases thus the
SOHC engine will gain heat faster than DOSC that has double inlet and exhaust valves.
Conclusions

In conclusions, Single Overhead Camshaft Engine has its own advantages and also has disadvantages. It
not the best type of engine system that have out there but because of the fuel efficiency, compact type
of engine and light weight engine still be use until now.

Recommendations

 There are times when an engine requires more air flow, like during hard acceleration, but a
traditional engine often does not allow enough air to flow, resulting in lower performance.
Variable valve timing means the flow of air in and out of the valves is slowed down or sped up as
needed.

References

 http://www.gotengines.com/blog/engine-anatomy-and-problems/continuation-single-
overhead-camshaft-engine-sohc
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overhead_camshaft
 https://www.tvsmotor.com/blog/sohc-vs-dohc-differences-explained/
 https://www.cjponyparts.com/resources/sohc-vs-dohc
 https://www.pakwheels.com/forums/t/dohc-vs-sohc-engines-all-you-need-to-know/742596
 https://auto.howstuffworks.com/10-improvements-in-engine-design6.htm
 https://carfromjapan.com/article/car-maintenance/sohc-vs-dohc-which-engine-is-better/
 https://www.motorbiscuit.com/autos/engines-exposed-how-camshafts-let-your-car-breathe/

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