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Fuel and air need to be introduced into a cylinder, compressed, ignited, and then exhausted. The
compression and ignition parts are relatively straightforward: The piston moves toward the top of the
cylinder, and the physical space is compressed. This leads to an increase in temperature and pressure
for the air-fuel mixture. A spark plug, located near the top of the cylinder, ignites the fuel mixture. With
camshafts at the cylinder head, we use intake and exhaust valves. The camshaft was connected to the
crankshaft by either a timing belt or a timing chain, as it was too far to be efficiently connected via a
gear set.
Methodology (Physical Construction)
When a single camshaft governs both intake and exhaust valves, the setup is commonly known as SOHC.
The camshaft is situated over the cylinders of the engine, placing the lobes of the camshaft directly on
the rocker arms for the engine intake and exhaust valves.
The benefit to the overhead cam setup is that it allows for more intake and exhaust valves,
meaning fuel, air and exhaust can move more freely through the engine, adding power.
More the power more is fuel consumption. Thus, when talking in the terms of SOHC vs. DOHC
fuel efficiency, a SOHC is more fuel efficient.
SOHC has a single rotating cylindrical rod that regulates the intake and the exit of gases which
make it a less complicated design and thus cheaper than its counterpart.
Advantages
Disadvantages
A SOHC setup means that the Camshaft is usually placed in the middle of the head which denies
the spark plug its ideal location.
SOHC designs have less control over valve timing as compared to DOHC
A SOHC is simply a single camshaft regulating both the inlet and the outlet of gases thus the
SOHC engine will gain heat faster than DOSC that has double inlet and exhaust valves.
Conclusions
In conclusions, Single Overhead Camshaft Engine has its own advantages and also has disadvantages. It
not the best type of engine system that have out there but because of the fuel efficiency, compact type
of engine and light weight engine still be use until now.
Recommendations
There are times when an engine requires more air flow, like during hard acceleration, but a
traditional engine often does not allow enough air to flow, resulting in lower performance.
Variable valve timing means the flow of air in and out of the valves is slowed down or sped up as
needed.
References
http://www.gotengines.com/blog/engine-anatomy-and-problems/continuation-single-
overhead-camshaft-engine-sohc
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overhead_camshaft
https://www.tvsmotor.com/blog/sohc-vs-dohc-differences-explained/
https://www.cjponyparts.com/resources/sohc-vs-dohc
https://www.pakwheels.com/forums/t/dohc-vs-sohc-engines-all-you-need-to-know/742596
https://auto.howstuffworks.com/10-improvements-in-engine-design6.htm
https://carfromjapan.com/article/car-maintenance/sohc-vs-dohc-which-engine-is-better/
https://www.motorbiscuit.com/autos/engines-exposed-how-camshafts-let-your-car-breathe/