THE MITIGATION MEASURES

Based on the regulation and act, we had found several ways to control the pollution. Below are the ways
to control the lake water pollution.

 Control of Phosphorus in lakes

Because phosphorus in usually the limiting nutrient, control of cultural eutrophication must be
accomplished by reducing the input of phosphorus to the lake. Once the input is reduced, the
phosphorus concentration will gradually fall as phosphorus is buried in the sediment or flushed
from the lake. Other strategies for reversing or slowing the eutrophication process, such as
precipitating phosphorus with additions of aluminium(alum) or removing phosphorus-rich
sediments by dredging, have been proposed. However, if the input of phosphorus is not also
curtailed, the eutrophication process will continue. Thus, dredging or precipitation alone can
result only in temporary improvement in water quality. In conjunction with reduced phosphorus
input, these measures can help speed up the removal already in the lake system. Of course, the
need to speed the recovery process must be weighed against the potential damage from
inundating shoreline areas with sludge and stirring up toxic compounds buried in the sediments.
To be able to reduce phosphorus inputs, it is necessary to know the sources of phosphorus and
the potential for their reduction. The natural source of phosphorus is the weathering of rock.
Phosphorus released from the rock can enter the water directly but more commonly it is taken
up by plants and enters the water in the form of dead plant matter. It is exceedingly difficult to
reduce the natural inputs of phosphorus. I f these sources are large, the lake is generally
naturally eutrophic. For many lakes the principal sources of phosphorus are the result of human
activity. The most important sources are municipal and industrial wastewater, seepage from
septic tanks and agricultural runoff that carries phosphorus fertilizers into the water.

 The watershed management

The watershed management is the ultimately solution, however, it also take very long to reach
the reduction target. So, in some waterbody, it is possible to combine the watershed scale
approach with in-water management methods. In one of my recent studies, the response of
floating macroalgae, DO, and nutrient to watershed load reduction, and to harvest of floating
macroalgae, dredging, and modifying circulation pattern in a lagoon are analyzed, and it was
found that these different measures all have their own benefits, though it is very important to
implement them at proper magnitudes or frequency. For example, while harvesting once a year
seems only has limited effect, but twice a year would provide significant benefit. In short, to
develop an effective plan for lake water quality improvement is a difficult task, but it is
worthwhile before spending tremendous money on some ineffective management/engineering
measures.
 Usually to globally fix the problem one would have to implement sound watershed
management and pollution controls to reduce the sources of pollutant. In some occasions, local
fix can be achieved though implementing certain types of ecological restoration or other
engineering methods, such as vegetation restoration, enhanced circulation/mixing, algae
harvesting, or dredging etc. However, these methods, though widely applied, are often
questionable without a detailed study to determine the effectiveness of each engineering
measures, and how to make the engineering measures work. For example, take dredging as
example, without a clear understanding of the relationship between the scale/location of
dredging and the water quality response, as well as how long would the benefit attained by a
dredging last under current loading condition, to blindly implement a dredging project might be
costly and ineffective. Same issues also apply to the application of other ecological engineering
methods. Therefore, sound and science-based quantitative design method should be applied to
support the decision making for implementing ecological restoration efforts for lake water
quality and ecological system protection.

 Use insecticides, herbicides, and fertilizers, as well as other lawn and garden chemicals,
sparingly.
These chemicals should only be used when needed. There is no reason to spray a lawn or garden
if there is no known issue that you are taking care of specifically. Use a soil test and use
fertilizers, herbicides, and insecticides only if there is a presence of the issue. In a small garden,
hoeing can often be done more quickly than herbicide application.

 Capture and Dispose of Floating Pollution in Waterway

Floating pollution can be contained and retrieved relatively easy with a boom. Booms are
designed to act as a barrier for floating water pollution. Depending on how you install the boom,
you can either contain, deflect, or exclude floating debris. From trash or seaweed to oil, there
are booms to control almost any floating pollutant into a manageable area for disposal
 Capture and Filter Sediment Laden Water in Waterways
Shoreline construction projects disturb and expose soil, creating situations where exposed soil
is washed into the nearby water body. This creates murky sediment laden (turbid)
water that has a significant negative impact on the marine environment. It harms all the aquatic
life in the area, including plants, fish, insects, and animals. Turbid water can also
be created by events that stir up the sediment on the marine floor. For example, a pipe or
stream that discharges into a water body at a high velocity stirs up the sediment on the floor
and creates turbidity. Dredging projects and in-water construction projects (such as building
docks, powerline pylons, etc.) also generate water turbidity that needs to be managed. Turbidity
barriers are the most common solution for controlling sediment filled waters (also known as silt
curtains). They are floating barriers designed to contain the turbid water, forcing the sediment
to settle in the contained area.

 Lake monitoring
This monitoring includes lake water chemistry, and stream chemistry and biology, such as fish
populations. The resulting data help determine if lakes meet the standards for public health,
recreation, and aquatic life. This watershed approach allows the agency to examine more lakes
at a faster rate. Routine lake sampling occurs once per month from May through September for
a period of two years. The primary focus is on collection of total phosphorus (nutrient),
chlorophyll-a (pigment in algae), and Secchi depth (water clarity). With this information, we can
determine the condition of the lake, commonly referred to as the “trophic status.” It is not
possible to sample every lake in every major watershed.
Nutrient levels drive the productivity of the lake. An increase in nutrients often leads to an
increase in plant or algal growth and a decrease in water clarity. In general, high nutrient levels
increase the likelihood that nuisance algal blooms will grow and that lakes will not meet aquatic
recreational uses. However, sometimes other factors play a role. For example, some lakes are
naturally a tea color that can decrease water clarity regardless of nutrient levels. For this reason,
staff also collects data on water color, clarity, temperature, and other parameters.
Measurements include in-field measurements and lab analysis.
https://allegancd.org/10-ways-to-prevent-personally-polluting-the-great-lakes/

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rui_Zou ,2015, Rui Zou, TETRATECH · Water Resource

https://www.erosionpollution.com/water-pollution-solutions.html#readmore