Dogs are probably much cleverer than most people think, scientists say.

They are (0)

convinced that dogs can count and that the animals try to (1)_____ different messages through
the pitch and pace of their barks. Animal behaviourists used to think their bark was simply a
way of (2)______ attention. Now a new study suggests that individual dogs have (3)_______
barks with the range of meanings. For example, dogs usually use high-pitched single barks
when they are (4)______ from their owners and a lower, harsher superbark when strangers
(5)_______ towards them or the doorbell rings.
Dogs also know when they are receiving fewer treats because they have a basic mathematical
ability that (6)_______ them to tell when one pile of objects is bigger than another. But to
count, an animal has to recognize that each object in a set (7)_______ to a single number and
that the last number in a (8)________ represents the total number of objects.
The theory has been tested on eleven dogs. They were first (9)________ treats before a screen
was lowered so that the treats were out of (10)________ . The treats were left as they were or
some were added or taken away. If a treat was added or taken away, the dogs looked at them
much longer than they did when the treats were not disturbed, (11)________ because they had
done their sums and the numbers did not meet their (12)________ .
Dogs are (13)________ from wolves, which not only have a large neo-cortex – the brain’s
centre of reasoning – but live in large social groups. This mathematical ability could have
been used to (14)________ how many enemies and (15)_______ they had in a pack.

0 A converted B persuaded C determined D convinced

1 A transfer B convey C bear D suggest
2 A paying B attracting C causing D devoting
3 A specific B exact C detailed D specialized
4 A split B detached C separated D divided
5 A approach B appear C draw D move
6 A assists B facilitates C enables D informs
7 A corresponds B ties C fits D complements
8 A sequence B system C progression D succession
9 A tempted B demonstrated C shown D presented
10 A view B notice C perception D sight

IV. Fill in each numbered space with one suitable word. (2.0 pt)
With the coming of the motor car at the end of the last century a new era in personal transport was
born. The early motorist certainly (1)________ his problems – perhaps the biggest one being
(2)__________ his vehicle would start or not. This problem has almost (3)_________ today, but others
have (4)_________ its place. More traffic and faster vehicles mean that, (5) __________ safe and
reliable a car may be, its driver has to have (6)__________ more driving skill than ever before.
Today’s drivers can’t neglect their own direct and personal (7) __________ for the accidents that
happen on the road every year. A good driver has many things (8) __________ his make-up. Some of
(9) __________, such as experience and skill, will come only in (10) ________ , but others – just as
important must (11) ________ part of him from the start. These qualities are a (12) ________ of
responsibility for the safety of others, a determination to (13) ________ on the job of driving, patience
and courtesy. Together, these become what is generally known (14) _________ the driver’s attitude.
__________ (15) everyone is patient (16) __________ nature or gifted (17) ________ good powers of
concentration. But because attitude is (18) __________ important a part of safe driving that every driver
must (19) ________ a real effort to develop these qualities – and this effort must from the very (20)
________ of the first driving lessons.

With the (31) ___________of motor car at the end of the last century, a new era in personal
transport was born. The early motorist had his problems - the biggest one being whether his
vehicle would start or not. This problem has completely disappeared today, but others have
taken its (32) ___________. More traffic and faster vehicles mean that however safe and
reliable a car may be, its driver has to have much greater driving skill than before.
Today's drivers can't neglect their own personal (33) ___________for the accidents that
happen on the road every year. A good driver has many things in his qualities. Some of them,
such as experience and skill, will come only in time, but attitude - just as important - must be
part of him from the beginning. These qualities are a sense of responsibility for the safety of
others, a determination to focus on the job of driving, patience and courtesy. Together, these
become (34) ___________is generally known as the driver's attitude.

Therefore, every driver must make a real effort to develop these qualities and this effort must
start from the very beginning of the first driving (35) ___________.

Question 31: A. coming B. going C. driving D. getting

Question 32: A. place B. part C. turn D. back

Question 33: A. right B. responsibility C. fault D. concept

Question 34: A. that B. it C. what D. there

Question 35: A. lesson B. test C. license D. practice

Japan's most powerful earthquake since records began has struck the north-east coast,
triggering a massive tsunami. Cars, ships and buildings were (1) _ swept __ away by a wall of
water after the 8.9 - magnitude tremor, which struck about 400 kms (250 miles) north-east of
Tokyo. A state of emergency has been declared at a nuclear power plant, (2) _ where __
pressure has exceeded normal levels. Officials say more than 10,000 people are dead and
about 7,000 (3) __ missing __, but it is feared the final death toll will be (4) _ much/far __
higher. In one ward alone in Sendai, a port city in Miyagi prefecture, 200 to 300 bodies were
found. “The quake has been the fifth-largest in the world (5) _ since _ 1900 and nearly 8,000
(6) __ times __ stronger than the one which devastated Christchurch, New Zealand, last
month”, said scientists. Thousands of people (7) _ living __ near the Fukushima nuclear
power plant have been ordered to evacuate. Japanese nuclear officials said that pressure inside
a boiling water reactor at the plant was running much higher than normal after the cooling
system failed. Officials said they might need to deliberately (8) __ release __ some
radioactive steam to relieve pressure, but that there would be no health risk. US Secretary of
State Hillary Clinton had earlier said the US Air Force had flown emergency coolant to the
site. But US officials later said (9) _ no __ coolant had been handed over because the
Japanese had decided to handle the situation (10) _ themselves __.
China is the most populous country of the world. Its population is approximately 1.3
billion people, which is almost 22% of the world population. The population density is high in
the southeast: 43 percent of the land contains most of its population. A quarter of the
population of China is in the middle and lower parts of the Yangtze River, and the population
density reaches 663 people per square kilometer. Shanghai is China's largest city, whose
population density reaches 2,118 people per square kilometer.
 China's population growth rate has decreased in the past years, although its population
is still increasing. In the 1970s, the government started to implement birth control programs to
the people: late marriage,late childbearing, a one-child family, and a four-year period between
two births in the countryside where each couple may have more than one child. According to
the report of Major Figures of Population of China, the annual growth rate of China`s
population fell from 25.83% (in 1070) down to 11.21% (in 1994) and to 8.77% (in 1999) in
the past 20 years. This should be considered a great success.eople: late marriage, late
childbearing, a one-child family, and a four-year period
A healthful lifestyle leads to a longer, happier, healthier life. Staying healthy means
eating well-balanced diet, getting regular exercise, avoiding things that are bad for the body
and mind.
Nutrition plays a key role in maintaining good health and preventing many diseases. In
spite of all the information available about diets, scientists still believe that good nutrition can
be simple.
There are several basic rules to follow. Keep fat intake low. Eat foods high in
carbohydrates. which are the starches in grains, legumes, (beans, and peas),vegetables, and
some fruits. Avoid too much sugar. Limit salt. Eat lots of fruits and vegetables. which are
high in vitamins.
A healthy lifestyle is an active lifestyle. Lack of proper physical exercise can cause
tiredness, irritability, and poor general health. Physical fitness requires both aerobic exercise,
such as running, bicycle riding , and swimming, and muscle- strengthening exercise, such as
weight-- lifting. Finally, good health is acquired saying no to bad habits such as smoking,
drinking, and over-eating and by avoiding
situations that are constantly stressful. People can take their lives and happiness into
their own hands. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is the first step.