Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
WRITING
A Thesis
i
APPROVEMENT
A Thesis
Approved by:
ii
LEGALIZATION
NIM : 1113026000055
The thesis entitled above has been defended before the Letters and
already been accepted as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
strata one.
Examination Committee
Signature Date
ElveOktafiyani, M.Hum.
2. (Secretary)
NIP. 19781003 200112 2 002
SholikatusSa‟diyahM.Hum
5. (Examiner II)
NIP. 19750417 200501 2007
iii
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my
another person nor material which a substantial extent has been accepted for the
award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher
learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text.
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Bismillahirrahmanirrohim
All praises be to Allah, the king of the king, the Lord of the world, the
creator of everything in this universe, who has given knowledge, healthiness, and
ease to the researcher in accomplishing this thesis. Peace and salutation be upon to
The researcher would like to express the deepest thanks to her parents
Chalifah Riastuti Rahayu and Sofyan Pulungan who always give their love until
now and always pray for their daughter‟s success. They are the biggest motivator
in her life, so she can finish her final task of this study. Thanks to her brother
Agung Prasojo and all her family Lucy Yulianti, Hendro Sasongko, and Retno
Wati who always support and give her some advice in order to be good, strong
The researcher also wants to give her greatest gratitude to Mr. Abdurrosyid,
S.S., M.EIL as her thesis advisor who has given support, guidance, instructions,
time, and beautiful scratches on the thesis sheets that make her able to finish this
thesis.
Rector of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Prof. Dr. Sukron Kamil, M. Hum, the
Dean of Adab and Humanities Faculty, Drs, Saefudin M.Pd, the Head of English
v
Department, and all the lecturer of English Letters Department who had taught the
Furthermore, the writer would like to deliver her gratitude to the following
persons:
2. UNO squads: Ana, Nay, Ranny, Yoyi, Febi, Tahier the researcher‟s closest
friend since the first semester, Hap-Hap: Isma, Zhafira, Ranie, Desi, Dwi,
Jeanni, Ika, Aphril, Sekar and Lili, B Brave and Linguistics class: Ratu
Ana, Alizza and others.. There are too many memories have been created.
3. Tri Wulan Damayanti and HOYEK (Suci, Ate, Imam, Milah, Macrun,
Icha, Dyah, Botles, Ncek, Jawir, Syifa, Andre, Athfan, Bang Agus, Irvan,
Nia, Ifaz, Lia, Zaky, Farih) the researcher struggle mate in English Letters
Danty, who entertain and teach many life lesson to the researcher.
May Allah bless and give the greatest award for them. Moreover, this research
is expected to be useful for the researcher herself and all people who read it.
Suggestion and criticism will be accepted for the improvement of this thesis.
The Researcher
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. i
APPROVEMENT ................................................................................................... ii
DECLARATION ................................................................................................... iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................................................................... v
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION.......................................................................... 1
D. Research Objective...................................................................................... 3
E. Research Significance.................................................................................. 4
1. Abstracts ........................................................................................................ 7
vii
3. Error and Mistakes. .................................................................................... 11
4. Grammar ........................................................................................................ 12
A. Conclusion ................................................................................................ 41
B. Suggestion ................................................................................................. 41
APPENDIXES ..................................................................................................... 45
viii
LIST OF TABLE
ix
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Research Background
interacting and exchanging ideas. There are two ways in making an interaction,
namely speaking and writing. In writing a language, there are some rules that
Homer and Harman (11), grammar is defined as the study of words and its
that it can convey clearly what you want to deliver. (AlHamdan 182).
English could make grammatical mistake in writing the foreign language for
example English.
Jakarta requires their students to use English in their theses writing. The thesis is
one of academic writing that should be written with a proper grammar. However,
writing a thesis using full English with a correct grammar is not an easy thing. In
fact, the English letters students who are commonly master the English language
1
The abstract of the thesis is a brief summary of the overall content within
the thesis which is the original work of the authors without citing other works.
Abstract is one of the most important part because of its position on the front page
and that will have been seen by the readers. It is a key point whether the reader
wants to know the content. That is why the abstract should be written using the
For example, there are some mistakes made by Suci Apriani (the student of
on her thesis:
accurately.”
use the plural auxiliary are and end by –s or –es. To be auxiliary shall “are” and
accurately”.
The researcher wishes this research may bring advantages to the English Letters
Department students who have interest in this topic and any readers that want to
2
3
B. Research Focus
their theses abstract writing. The researcher identified the mistake according to
grammatical deviation, error and mistake, abstract and grammar theory. The
researcher analyzed particularly the mistaken use of noun and verb in any
sentences and clauses taken from the abstracts of the 12 theses which are selected
C. Research Questions
1. What are the deviations of noun and verb on English letters students‟
theses abstracts?
abstracts?
D. Research Objectives
E. Research Significance
1. Theoretical
From this research, the researcher wishes her research gives some
2. Practical
will give some advantages for the readers who interested in learning
English grammar.
F. Research Methodology
1. Research Method
the selected theses and then analyzed the abstracts. Next step is defined the
mistaken use of the noun and verb errors and then correct them according to
the correct grammar. Lastly, the researcher explained the frequent mistakes
The researcher examined the selected theses, the next step is analyzed,
and revised the selected theses and lastly, classified the mistake. The data
the data in the table form. After analyzed the deviation of noun and verb, the
3. Research Instrument
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Previous Research
There are some studies that have been observed by the previous researcher
language, in Hairy Ape, (the use of grammar from the settled norms in play
O‟Neill‟s „Hairy Ape‟. Moreover, it attempts to justify the reason behind these
deviations (and to support some critical points of view concerning O‟Neill‟s and
deviation is the main concern of this study. This research discussed about the
A research can give some advantages only if it can be a new study that has
not been discussed before in order to complete the previous research, terra
incognita (Sayogie 8). The things that distinguish this research to the previous
research are, this research discussed on the deviation of nouns and verbs on
6
7
B. Theoretical Framework
1. Abstracts
a. Informative Abstracts
b. Descriptive Abstracts
invites the reader to read the entire paper and do not discuss the
abstract:
9
c. Proposal Abstracts
stand alone and often that the abstract was written before the
use the future tense rather than the past tense to express the
b. (A Descriptive Abstract)
c. (A Proposal Abstract)
2. Grammatical Deviation
technical sense, but also in the sense they have no fundamental influence on
doesn‟t like him‟ strikes us a poor attempt at „I don‟t like him‟: „He me
3.1 Error
Making a mistake is one common thing that happens along the human
knowledge of language learners. Errors happened when they have not learn
something properly.
3.2 Mistakes
performance errors that are a random guess or a slip in that failure. The
causes of mistakes are hesitation, slip of tongue. The student who makes
4. Grammar
know and understand the words red and written by someone (Veit 1).
Grammar can serve to make people understand the words which are being
and no exception for the thesis. Thus, the thesis writer must know how to
4.1 Noun
sentence matches before the verb, after the verb and after conjunctions.
learners need clues rather than meaning to categorize what part of speech
that is used. One way to help the learner identifies a word is by considering
13
the word‟s form. In identifying nouns, for example, the students may notice
that the words has the additional of an affix helped by adding an affix in
will understand that are nouns by looking at that they are nouns. Some noun
also inflect, they may become plural for instance (girl/girls) or possessive
and nouns that have similar base form. (Klammer, Schultz and Volpe 69).
Noun has subclasses. Proper nouns, common nouns, singular plural nouns,
regular and irregular nouns and possessive nouns are the subclasses of
a) Proper Nouns
the sentence. Usually, the proper nouns are the name of person,
city, state, school, book, company name and others. For example:
Mrs. Smith took the 10th grade class of Lincoln High School to
b) Common Noun
for example, one pen, one apple, one cup, one elephant. While
plural nouns end in -s and -es. Examples: Two pens, three apples,
Regular noun does not change the original word, but rather only
the addition -s and -es. For example, songs, classes, pens. While
plural nouns: Child into children, foot becomes feet, man became
men, mouse into mice, tooth into teeth, and woman became
women.
There are also irregular plural noun that does not change the shape
entirely example: fixed sheep, fish remain a fish. (Azar and Hagen
168-173)
e) Possessive Nouns
In writing the possessive noun there is the addition ('s) for singular
nouns, while for plural noun, do not end in -s. The examples of
4.2 Verb
that only verbs have tenses, such as past, future and present. The examples
of the verb are: sleeping, ate, gone, try, hold, closed. (Lester, Mark and
a. Verb Tense
they exist now, have existed in the past time, and possible to be exist
in the future time. The example of the simple present tense: “It snows
The second is simple past tense. Simple past tense expresses the
thing in the past time. It began and finished in the past. The verb form
that used by this tense is the past verb form. The example of the
simple past tense: “It snowed yesterday” and “Tom watched TV last
night”
The third is simple future tense. It tells about the things that
happen in future time. The verb which used by this tense is the verb
one. The example of this tense: “It will snow tomorrow” and “It is
tells about the thing that happen in progress at the present time, and it
The fifth is past progressive tense. It explains about the things that
the past. The example of the past progressive: “Tom was sleeping
finished sometime before now. The exact time is not important in this
case. The example of the present perfect: “Tom has already eaten”
ended and a later time the other thing happen. In conclusion, the thing
Past Perfect: “Tom had already eaten when his friend arrived” and
The ninth is future perfect. Future perfect tells about the things that
The example of the Future Perfect: “Tom will already have eaten
when his friend arrives” and “It will already have snowed when i
arrived”.
and how long. The example of the present perfect progressive: “Tom
17
had been studying for two hours” and “it had been snowing for an
hour”
expresses the event that in progress before another event in the past. It
also explains how long the event was. The example of the Past Perfect
Progressive: “Tom had been studying for two hours before his friend
came” and “It had been snowing for an hour before i came”
Progressive tells about the event that being happen before another
event in the future. It also explains how long the event was. The verb
form that used by this tense is the past verb form. The example of
future perfect progressive: “Tom will have been studying for two
hours by the time his friend arrives” and “It will have been studying
2-5)
b. Subject-Verb Agreement
clause, the first verb and clause in the sentence must agree in number
with the subject. Agree means the number of the verb must be match
with the amount of the subject. For example, a singular subject must
For example:
A. Data Description
The research data are taken from the theses abstracts of the English Letters
Department Students State Islamic University Jakarta start from the year 2005-
2017. The tables below show clearly the grammatical deviation made by the
English Letters Department students in writing their theses abstracts. The columns
show the total of students‟ theses (12 theses) while the rows display the mistakes
made by the students according to the theory on the chapter II, there are: Proper
Nouns, Plural and Singular Nouns, Regular and Irregular Nouns, Possessive
Nouns, Verb Tense, Subject-Verb Agreement. The most frequent mistakes will be
explained in the last part of the chapter III after analyzing the students‟ theses
abstracts.
1. Proper Nouns - - - - - - 1 - - 1 - - 2
2. Plural and - - - 1 1 - - - - - - - 2
Singular Nouns
3. Regular and - - - - - - - - 1 - - - 1
Irregular Nouns
4. Possessive - - - - - - 1 - - - - - 1
Nouns
5. Verb Tense - - - 1 - - - - - - - 1 2
6. Verb Form - - 2 - - - - - - - - - 2
7. Subject 1 1 - - - 1 1 2 - - 1 - 7
Verb
19
20
Agreement
Total 1 1 2 2 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 17
B. Data Analysis
Text 1
Thesis Title : An Analysis of Accuracy in Translating Idiomatic
Expression in Up In the Air Film.
Text 2
Thesis Title : An Analysis of Stylistics in the Advertisement Column of
the Jakarta Post
Text 3
Thesis Title : An Analysis of Turn-Taking in Oprah Winfrey‟s Talk
Show Interviews J. K Rowling
Text 4
Thesis Title : A Psychopath Analysis on Michael‟s Character in
Halloween Film by Rob Zombie.
Text 5
Thesis Title : Sudanese Refugees‟ Identity in the Good Lie Film
Text 6
Thesis Title : Conversational Implicature on ABC Interview Between
Barbara Walters and Syrian President Bahsar Al- Assad
Text 7
Thesis Title : An Analyis of Donald Trump‟s Commissive Speech Act
In USS Yorktown on December 7, 2015
Text 8
Thesis Title : The Main Character‟s Resistance to Patriarchal Ideology
In A Golden Web Novel
Text 9
Thesis Title : An Analysis of Grammatical Cohesion of References in
J.K Rowling‟s Speech
Text 10
Thesis Title : A DeconstructiomCritism of Starling‟s Characteristics in
“Silence of the Lamb” Film
Text 11
Thesis Title : An analysis of FTA Strategy with Off Reord in the Script
of 17 Again Movie
Text 12
Thesis Title : Self Actualization the Main Character on the Into The
Wild Film
Text 1
paragraph three line one “From 7 types that is explained by McCarthy and
O‟dell”
25
can be seen from the sentence above, the student used the singular verb is
for the plural subject McCarthy and O‟dell. As the theory of subject-verb
verb must be match with the amount of the subject. A plural subject or
object must be paired with corresponding plural form of verb. The student
should write plural verb are after the plural subject 7 types. The correct
and O’dell.
Text 2
26
paragraph three line one “As the result of analysis this study show that:
because the student uses the plural verb show after the singular object
study in this sentence. Based on English Grammar and Usage book, the
number of the verb must be match with the amount of the subject. A
Then, the singular object study must take the singular verb shows. The
Text 3
27
paragraph two line four“The writer collects the data from the transcript of
a. The writer collects the data from the transcript of the conversation and
and Usage book, verb means a word used to explain an action or describe a
state of being. The correct sentence should be: The writer collects the data
from the transcript of the conversation and then classifies them into
experience
something is like, the effect it has on us, the adjective form must end in –
ing. The verb interest above has the effect on us then the adjective interest
it must be written in the participle form. Then the verb interest should be
experience.
28
Text 4
by singular noun. Children are plural form of child. Then, the singular
29
b. Since he was children that he gets from his family and friends.
sentence above used the present tense to express the past action. According
tense explains about the event of condition that happen always while to
express the thing in the past time it should use the past tense. The correct
sentence should be: Since he was child that he got from his family and
friends.
Text 5
paragraph one line five “Using the Descriptive analysis and qualitative
30
method to reveal the findings, thus, this research describes the identity
The word their used to figure the possessive form of the plural subject they.
They is a plural subject, and then it must followed by the plural object. The
writer used singular noun identity for plural possessive pronoun their. The
method to reveal the findings, thus, this research describes the identity
Text 6
31
paragraph three line six “Because speaker does not want to make
Based on English Grammar and Usage book, the number of the verb must
be match with the amount of the subject. A singular subject must be paired
be followed by singular verb has. The true sentence should be: Because
Text 7
paragraph one line one “This research focuses on the analysis of the
speech in the state of USS, Yorktown” and paragraph one line eight “Not the
meaning that the researchers bring to the research or that writer express in
the literature”
USS, Yorktown”
33
capital. The correct sentence should be: This research focuses on the
USS, Yorktown.
the sentence for the singular noun. The correct sentence is: This research
Yorktown.
c. Not the meaning that the researchers bring to the research or that
because in this sample, the student wrote the third-person singular writer
Usage book, the number of the verb must be match with the amount of the
form of verb. The true sentence supposed to be: Not the meaning that the
34
literature.
Text 8
paragraph one line three “This study concern to the main character‟s
one line four “The method that the researcher use in this paper is
qualitative method”
mistake because the student put plural verb concern for the singular
subject study. Based on English Grammar and Usage book, the number of
35
the verb must suitable with the subject. A singular subject must pair with
method.
mistake. Based on English Grammar and Usage book, the number of the
verb must be match with the amount of the subject. A singular subject
must pair with corresponding singular form of verb. The sentence can be
correct if the third singular person followed by the singular. The third-
person singular researcher must follow singular verb uses. The true
sentence should to be: The method that the researcher uses in this
Text 9
paragraph one line two “The datas are collected from the script of the J.K
irregular verb may change the shape of word while regular verb get
additional –s or –es. Data is the plural for datum. While, The student
wrote datas to express the plural form of datum. The plural form of datum
is data not datas. The correct sentence supposed to be: The data are
University with little the fringe benefits of failure and the importance
of imagination.
Text 10
lamb” film.”
38
the movie should be written in capital. The true sentence is: The research
Text 11
paragraph one line two “That is the writer chooses, selects and classify the
data”
mistake. The sentence is not correct since the student uses plural verb
classify for the singular subject writer. Based on English Grammar and
39
Usage book, the number of the verb must match with the subject. A
Classify for the singular subject writer should end by –es. The correct
Text 12
paragraph two line seven “He trapped by the flow of the river until he dies
to Basic English Grammar book, the past action must be expressed by the
past tense. While, the sentence above used the base form dies to express
40
the past action. The correct sentence should be: He was trapped by the
After classifying and analyzing the mistakes, the researcher shows the
amount of the mistaken use of noun and verb on the table below according to the
mistakes frequency.
1 Subject-Verb Agreement 7
3 Proper Noun 2
4 Verb Tense 2
5 Verb Form 2
7 Possessive Noun 1
Total 17
theses abstracts.
CHAPTER IV
A. Conclusion
After analyzing the errors made by the English letters department students on
their theses abstracts writing, the researcher would like to give some conclusions
The first conclusion is related to the first research question. It is about the
deviation of noun and verb made by the students of English Letters Department.
question is about the most frequent mistake made the English Letters Department
B. Suggestion
1. To Linguistics Students
for the English Letters Department student who interest in learning error
2. To Other Researchers
The researcher suggests that the next researcher uses the other corpus
41
42
researcher expects that the other researchers will conduct a further study
43
44
Text 1
45
46
Text 2
47
Text 3
48
Text 4
49
Text 5
50
Text 6
51
Text 7
52
Text 8
53
Text 9
54
Text 10
55
Text 11
56
Text 12
57
58