Lab report: Water Properties

People use water around 50-100 liters per day. In our world, we have abundant of
water but only 1 percent that we can actually drink. What is water and why is it so important for
us? Water have no taste, no color, and no smell. Water is made up from 2 hydrogen atoms and
1 oxygen we know as H2O. These Atoms , we also known as H2O.These atoms bonding
together by polar covalent bond. Oxygen and Hydrogen are sharing electrons to make atoms to
be stable. And because Oxygen has more electronegativity than Hydrogen so electron of
oxygen are spend more time near oxygen than hydrogen, that’s make oxygen atom is slightly
more negative and hydrogen that electron spend less time with is slightly more positive. The
water molecule has charge in itself so we call “polar molecule”.(​notebook​) All of these make
water have a unique properties called Properties of water (cohesion, adhesion, universal
solvent, high heat capacity, surface tension, capillary action, density, high heat vaporization).
Water is polar molecule so it be able to dissolve almost every compounds except nonpolar
molecules because it has no charge so water molecule cannot attracted the negatively and
positively charged ion of that atom. This is very important to every organisms because our cell is
mostly water, it make the organism’s body can do chemical reactions which make the body can
still alive and it also carried the waste away from the cells.(​notebook​)(​worksheets​)Water not
only make attraction in itself but also make a weak attraction between slightly positive hydrogen
to the slightly negative oxygen or other atom. If water are attracted each other that is call
cohesion, but if it attracted to other polar molecule or surface that is called adhesion. This
properties is also important to the living things for example water molecules and red blood can
flow in the blood vessels because of these cohesion and adhesion. Continuing from cohesion, a
strong cohesion force between water molecules at the surface create a surface tension like a
small thin layer that allow a light things like small insects to walk on the surface. When adhesion
and cohesion are working together is call Capillary action. (​Notebook)(worksheet​)This is occur
when the water molecule travel against gravity trough small space. They are pull each other and
stick to the surface at the same time. You will see this action happens in plants and our blood
cells. Water have 3 states which is solid, liquid, and gas. Water started to change state into solid
when the temperature go below 4 degree celsius and freeze when it reaches 0 degree celsius,
water molecule expand so it become ice lattice form. That is make the solid form of water have
less dense than liquid form and can floats on water. Ice will help organisms to survive during the
winter because it cover all of the surface. Water boils and change into steam at 100 degree
celsius.(​notebook)(worksheet​) This is very special because most of the substance, solid have
the most density than other state but in the water,liquid have the most density than other. It
really hard to increase or decrease the temperature of water. For example, swimming pool in
summer it will warm, but on the street it will definitely hotter than swimming pool. This is
because of high heat capacity. It is amount of heat per one gram of the substance to change
temperature 1 degree celsius. Water have the many strong hydrogen bonds. To break down the
hydrogen bond, we have to use a lot of heat to cause the rise of the temperature of the water.
This is help to avoid the rapidly changes of the temperature and help organisms to maintain
homeostasis. In this property continue from high heat capacity that water is hard to increase or
decrease the temperature so it also hard to change from liquid to gas. Heat of vaporization is
ability of the water to not change state too fast. Due to the hydrogen bonds that stick together
very strong so it make water molecule difficult to change from water to steam. Heat of
vaporization to avoid the rapidly evaporation of water on earth and organisms’ body.
(​Notebook)(Worksheet​)

In this lab will be focus about Water and the water properties. The purpose of the lab is
to learn and understand more about what we have learn in class. We have each station for each
property to observe each station clearly. The objective of is station is to recognize how each
property work, relate to other property, and how it important to the organisms.