Table of Contents

Project Report ..................................................................................................... 2

Automatic Washroom Light Switch ............................................................................................ 2
Abstract: ........................................................................................................... 2
1. Introduction: .............................................................................................. 2
2. Components:....................................................................................................................... 2
2.1. 2N2222: .................................................................................................... 2
2.1.1. Pin Configuration: ............................................................................... 2
2.1.2. Working:............................................................................................... 3
2.2. CD4017 IC: ............................................................................................... 3
2.2.1. Pin Configuration: ................................................................................ 3
2.2.2. Working:................................................................................................ 4
2.3. 1N4148 Diode: ......................................................................................... 4
2.3.1. Pin Configuration: ............................................................................... 4
2.3.2. Working:............................................................................................... 4
3. Working: ......................................................................................................................... 4
4. Calculations and Results: ........................................................................................... 7
5. Literature Review and Other Methods: ............................................................... 7
5.1. Advantages: ............................................................................................... 8
5.2. Disadvantages: .......................................................................................... 8
5.3. Applications: ............................................................................................. 8
6. Conclusions: ......................................................................................................... 8
7. References: ....................................................................................................... 9

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 Project Report
Automatic Washroom Light Switch
Abstract:
Today electricity losses in our daily life are very common. So we have decided to take a step
towards minimization of power losses in daily life. Automatic Washroom Light Switch was with
decade counter CD4017 was built to work intelligently for switching purposes. It ON/OFF light
accordingly and thus saves power losses.

1. Introduction:
In this project, we will show you how to design and build a simple Automatic Washroom Light
Switch Circuit, which will automatically turn on the when you enter the washroom and turns it off
when you leave. We turn on the lights in our washroom when we enter it and turn them off when
we leave. Sometimes, we forget to turn the lights off after leaving the washroom. This may lead
to power wastage and also the lifetime of the light bulbs may decrease. To avoid these problems,
we will show you how to make a simple circuit which will automatically turn the lights on when
a person enters the washroom and it automatically turns it off when he/she leaves it. Back bone of
this project is decade counter IC CD4017 which will bring the light ON/OFF on user requirements.

2. Components:
2.1. 2N2222:
2.1.1. Pin Configuration:

Pin Pin Name Description

Number

1 Emitter Current Drains out through

emitter

2 Base Controls the biasing of transistor

2 Collector Current flows in through

collector
(5)

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 2.1.2. Working:

This is a simple bi-polar NPN transistor that have DC Current Gain (hFE) of 100.
Continuous IC = 800mA, emitter base VBE = 6V and emitter collector voltage is VCE = 30V and
base current IB = 5mA.

2.2. CD4017 IC:

2.2.1. Pin Configuration:

Pin Pin Name Description

Number

1 to 7 Output pins These are the 10 output pins on which the

and Q0 to Q9 counting occurs, they are not in order
9,10,11 hence verify pin diagram above

8 Vss or Connected to the Ground of the circuit

Ground

12 Carry Out This pin goes high after the IC counts from
(CO) 1 to 10. This is used as carry while
counting.

13 Clock This is an input which when made high

Enable will hold the count at the current state
(EN)

14 Clock The counting happens when this clock

pulse goes high , this pin is normally
connected to 555 timer or other uC to
produce a pulse

15 Resets As the name suggests this pin resets the

count back to 1

16 Vdd / Vcc Connects to the supply voltage typically

+5V (3)

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2.2.2. Working:

This is a high speed 16 pin CMOS Decade counter. This IC Supports 10 decoded outputs. It has
Wide supply voltage range from 3V to 15V, typically +5V. It has Maximum Clock Frequency
of 5.5Mhz. It is available in 16-pin and TTL compatible.

2.3. 1N4148 Diode:

2.3.1. Pin Configuration:

Pin Pin Name Description

No.

1 Anode Current always Enters through

Anode

2 Cathode Current always Exits through

(4)
Cathode

2.3.2. Working:
This is a fast switching diode. It has peak repetitive reverse voltage of 100V and V rms = 75V
(Reverse). Peak forward surge current is 2A and forward continuous current is 300mA. Reverse
recovery time is 8ns.

3. Working:

The heart of this circuit is CD4017 CMOS counter with decade output. On each pulse received at
its clock, this IC drives the high to next output. Output 0 (pin 3) turns on the green light indicates
the free bathroom indicator LED1. And output 1 (pin 2) of IC drives the light source LED2 through
driver transistor 2N2222. The transistor that is used here is wired as emitter follower to avoid base
resistor.
Initially, when the circuit is powered, IC is reset by RC network R1-C1 and as a result LED1 is
light up. When the door is opened for first time switch is opened and as a result IC is clocked by
R2-C2. Now LED2 is lights up and LED1 goes OFF. IC stays in this condition to provide the
interior lightening, even the door is closed. However, when bathroom door is opened again IC is
clocked again and this resets the IC by signal from output 2 (pin 4) of IC through diode (IN4148).

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When IC activates its output 2 and resets itself LED one lights up once again. Following is the
combination by which circuit works. (1)

(2)

Fig.1 Breadboard Layout Circuit.

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Fig.2 Proteus Layout Circuit

Fig.3 PCB Layout of Circuit

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 4. Calculations and Results:

Vin = 9V.
If toilet is free:
Voltage at Led1 = 2.2V ; Voltage at Led2= 0V.
If toilet is not free:
Voltage at Led1 = 0V ; Voltage at Led2 = 2.2V.

5. Literature Review and Other Methods:

As we have designed Automatic Bathroom Light Switch by using CD4017 CMOS decade counter
IC which is backbone of this circuit. Likewise, there are many methods to design this project
like reed switch, binary counter CD4060 and NE555 IC etc. By using all these methods and there
are many other this project can be made.
Firstly, we are going to discuss the method in which reed switch is used. In this circuit, we use
reed switch which is used to detect the opening and closing of the door. A reed switch electrically
is just a relay kind of component but unlike a relay which activates when a coil voltage is supplied,
the reed switch activates when a magnetic field is detected in the vicinity. The circuit is given a
power supply of 9V. The pin-16 of IC 4017 is given 9V. The pin-8 of 4017 is given to ground.
This circuit uses IC 741 op-amp as a comparator arranged such that its output is high by default
when the door is closed.
Secondly, we are going to discuss the method that uses IC CD4060. The circuit is built around
binary counter CD4060 which has a built-in oscillator and 14 cascaded bitable multivibrators. The
oscillator generates clock pulses based on the values of resistors and capacitors. By which the
circuits work and we get LEDs on and off according to conditions.
Finally, we have automatic bathroom, switch which uses NE555 IC. Here is a reliable, low power,
versatile and simple to wire automatic bathroom light off timer. It is built around NE555 timer
which will turn off the light after a preset time. When there is no one in the bathroom it will
automatically off the light after preset time, thus saving electricity. Once timer switches off it will
not reset automatically until we supply power. Consume no current in standby mode therefore
longer battery life. Provide facility to set time according to the requirement. Easy to mount
because of less components used in circuit.

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5.1. Advantages:
 This is simple and cheap circuit.
 This is very sensitive to voltages hence save expensive appliances.
 This circuit will also save electricity and time.
5.2. Disadvantages:
 We will probably face clocking problems in decade counter IC.
 We will also be face time delay problems on switching of LEDs.

5.3. Applications:
 Easy to mount because of less components used in circuit
 This circuit can be used in sensitive appliance.
 This circuit can be used to reduce electricity losses in country.
 By modifying this circuit, we will have commercial uses of this circuit.

6. Conclusions:

We have faced problems in switching of LEDs while making circuit in breadboard. The led which
have to remain open until someone is inside the washroom was not working properly. Then we
have troubleshot the circuit. We could not find anything as we troubleshot again and again at last
we have find that the LED has plugging issues then we have resolved the issue and it works
properly.
We face a lot of issues while designing circuit in software. Firstly, we have tried designed in
Multisim but Multisim did not have CMOS decade counter CD4017 then we tried it on ORCAD
here we have designed circuit have been simulated. But later on when we face simulations
problems in ORCAD. Then finally, we have moved towards Proteus. After doing some
troubleshooting we have designed our require circuit in Proteus. Then we have implemented it on
breadboard and finally we have designed PCB of given circuit. So the conclusion is that overall
this project was successful and after some modifications this can be used in daily life purposes to
save electric power.

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 7. References:

[1]
https://electronicsforu.com/electronics-projects/automatic-bathroom-light
[2]
https://www.eeweb.com/member-projects/how-automatic-bathroom-light-swtich-works
[2]
https://www.engineersgarage.com/electronic-circuits/bathroom-light-timer
[3]
https://components101.com/cd4017-pinout-datasheet
[4]
https://components101.com/1n4148-diode-pinout-equivalent-datasheet
[5]
https://components101.com/2n2222a-pinout-equivalent-datasheet
[6]
https://www.electroschematics.com/9959/automatic-bathroom-light-switch/