Criminal investigation

Criminal investigation is an applied science that involves the study of facts that are
then used to inform criminal trials. A complete criminal investigation can include
searching, interviews, interrogations, evidence collection and preservation and
various methods of investigation. Modern-day criminal investigations commonly
employ many modern scientific techniques known collectively as forensic science.

Criminal investigation is an ancient science that may have roots as far back as c. 1700
BCE in the writings of the Code of Hammurabi. In the code it is suggested that both
the accuser and the accused had the right to present evidence they collected.[2] In
the modern era criminal investigations are most often done by government police
forces. Private investigators are also commonly hired to complete or assist in
criminal investigations.

An early recorded professional criminal investigator was the English constable.

Around 1250 CE it was recorded that the constable was to "... record...matters of
fact, not matters of judgment and law
 Forensic science
Forensic science is the application of science to criminal and civil laws,
mainly—on the criminal side—during criminal investigation, as governed by
the legal standards of admissible evidence and criminal procedure.
Forensic scientists collect, preserve, and analyze scientific evidence during the
course of an investigation. While some forensic scientists travel to the scene of
the crime to collect the evidence themselves, others occupy a laboratory role,
performing analysis on objects brought to them by other individuals.
In addition to their laboratory role, forensic scientists testify as expert
witnesses in both criminal and civil cases and can work for either the
prosecution or the defense. While any field could technically be forensic,
certain sections have developed over time to encompass the majority of
forensically related cases. Forensic science is a combination of two different
Latin words: forensis and science. The former, forensic, relates to a discussion
or examination performed in public. Because trials in the ancient world were
typically held in public, it carries a strong judicial connotation. The second is
science, which is derived from the Latin word for ‘knowledge’ and is today
closely tied to the scientific method, a systematic way of acquiring knowledge.
Taken together, then, forensic science can be seen as the use of the scientific
methods and processes in crime solving.
Fingerprints
 Fingerprints
• Sir William Herschel was one of the first to advocate the use of
fingerprinting in the identification of criminal suspects. While working for
the Indian Civil Service, he began to use thumbprints on documents as a
security measure to prevent the then-rampant repudiation of signatures in
1858
• In 1877 at Hooghly (near Kolkata), Herschel instituted the use of
fingerprints on contracts and deeds, and he registered government
pensioners' fingerprints to prevent the collection of money by relatives
after a pensioner's death.
• In 1880, Dr. Henry Faulds, a Scottish surgeon in a Tokyo hospital, published
his first paper on the subject in the scientific journal Nature, discussing the
usefulness of fingerprints for identification and proposing a method to
record them with printing ink. He established their first classification and
was also the first to identify fingerprints left on a vial.Returning to the UK
in 1886, he offered the concept to the Metropolitan Police in London, but
it was dismissed at that time.
How to Become a Criminal Investigator
Criminal investigators are individuals who
investigate crimes and other events for legal and
official purposes.
They’re professionally licensed, but they don’t
work for a government agency like police
officers do. Instead, they work for hire on behalf
of private clients.
They might end up using the results of their
investigation in a criminal proceeding.
 What does an Criminal Investigator
Do?
An investigator for criminal offenses helps their
client prove or disprove facts relating to a
criminal allegation.
They pursue leads and try to gather information
that’s helpful to their client. That helps their
client pursue their claim in court. They track
down witnesses, make observations, gather
records, and otherwise help their clients build
criminal defenses or a criminal claim.
Crime and Punisment
Police Station
1. Jail
2. Detective
3. Suspect
4. Handcuffs
5. Badge
6. Police officer
7. Gun
8. Holster
9. Nightstick
Crime and Punisment
1. Judge
2. Robes
3. Gaves
4. Witness
5. Court reporter
6. Transcript
7. Bench
8. Prosecuting attorney
9. Witness stand
10. Court officer
11. Jury box
12. Jury
13. Defense attorney
14. Defendant
15. fingerprints