ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION

FROM SPEED BRAKE

PROJECT REPORT 2008-2009

Submitted by:
(team name)

COLLEGE LOGO

Guided by:

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the

Award of Diploma in -----------------------------------------
By the State Board of Technical Education Government of
Tamilnadu, Chennai.

Department:
College name:
Place:

COLLEGE NAME
 COIMBATORE

DEPARTMENT

PROJECT REPORT-2008-2009

This Report is certified to be the Bonafide work done by

Selvan/Selvi ---------------- Reg.No.------------ of VI
Semester class of this college.

Guide Head of the

Department

Submitter for the Practical Examinations of the board of

Examinations,State Board of Technical
Education,Chennai,
TamilNadu.On --------------(date) held at the ------------
(college name),Coimbatore
Internal Examiner External
Examiner
DEDICATED TO OUR BELOVED
PARENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At this pleasing movement of having successfully

completed our project, we wish to convey our sincere
thanks and gratitude to the management of our college and
our beloved chairman------------------------.who provided all the
facilities to us.

We would like to express our sincere thanks to our

principal ------------------for forwarding us to do our project
and offering adequate duration in completing our project.

We are also grateful to the Head of Department

prof…………., for her/him constructive suggestions
&encouragement during our project.

With deep sense of gratitude, we extend our earnest

&sincere thanks to our guide --------------------, Department of
Mechanical for her/him kind guidance and encouragement
during this project we also express our indebt thanks to our
TEACHING staff of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT, ---------- (college Name).
POWER GENERATION FROM
SPEED BREAKER
CONTENTS
 CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO TITLE

SYNOPSIS
LIST OF FIGURES
NOMENCLATURE
1 Introduction
2 Literature review
3 Description of equipments
3.1 Rack and pinion
3.2 Dynamo
3.3 Rectifier
3.4 Filter
3.5 Battery
3.6 Spring
3.7 Spur gear
3.8 V- belt drive
4 Design and drawing
4.1 General specification of the machine
4.2 Technical data
4.3 Design calculation
5 Working principle
6 Merits and demerits
7 Applications
8 List of materials
9 Cost Estimation
10 Conclusion
Bibliography
photography
 LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure
Number Title

1 Rack and pinion

2 Dynamo
3 Spring
4 Pulley
5 Battery
6 Spring (dimension)
7 Belt cross section
8 Speed breaker
9 Pinion gear
10 Rack gear
11 Spur gear (dynamo)
12 Spur gear
13 Overall diagram
 SYNOPSIS

SYNOPSIS

The objective of this project is to generate the electric power

through the fabrication of speed brake arrangement. Now day’s

power demand is increased, so this project is used to generate the

electrical power in order to compensate the electric power demand.

This project is designed with speed brake arrangement,

Dynamo, Rectifier with filter and battery. It’s a power generating

device, which can generate the power whenever the vehicles run on

the speed breaker.

CHAPTER -1

INTRODUCTION
 CHAPTER -1

INTRODUCTION

Energy is the ability to do work. While energy surrounds us in

all aspects of life, the ability to harness it and use it for constructive

ends as economically as possible is the challenge before mankind.

Alternative energy refers to energy sources which are not based on

the burning of fossil fuels or the splitting of atoms. The renewed

interest in this field of study comes from the undesirable effects of

pollution (as witnessed today) both from burning fossil fuels and

from nuclear waste byproducts. Fortunately there are many means

of harnessing energy which have less damaging impacts on our

environment.

The alternatives are,

 Solar

 Wind Power

 Geothermal

 Tides

 Hydroelectric

In addition to these we have developed a new methodology of

generating power using human energy and the name of this

alternative is a speed brake power generation.

CHAPTER - 2
 LITERATURE SURVEY

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

SPEED BRAKE POWER GENERATION:

The usage of traditional power generation method such as

burning of coal, wood, diesel (generators) etc is continuously

depleting our natural resources such as fossil fuels, which is the

demand for power has exceed the supply due to the rising
population. In addition to this the traditional methods cause

pollution, encourage deforestation (cutting of trees) the

consequences are global warming, power shortage like we are

facing in Tamilnadu.

GLOBAL WARMING:

Global warming is the increase in the average measured

temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans since the

mid-20th century, and its projected continuation. Global surface

temperature increased 0.74 ± 0.18 °C (1.33 ± 0.32 °F) during the

100 years ending in 2005. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

Change (IPCC) concludes that most of the increase since the mid-

twentieth century is "very likely" due to the increase in

anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations. Natural phenomena

such as solar variation combined with volcanoes probably had a

small warming effect from pre-industrial times to 1950 and a small

cooling effect from 1950 onward.

Climate model projections summarized by the IPCC indicate

that average global surface temperature will likely rise a further 1.1

to 6.4 °C (2.0 to 11.5 °F) during the twenty-first century. This range
of values results from the use of differing scenarios of future

greenhouse gas emissions as well as models with differing climate

sensitivity. Although most studies focus on the period up to 2100,

warming and sea level rise are expected to continue for more than a

thousand years even if greenhouse gas levels are stabilized. The

delay in reaching equilibrium is a result of the large heat capacity of

the oceans.

Increasing global temperature is expected to cause sea levels

to rise, an increase in the intensity of extreme weather events, and

significant changes to the amount and pattern of precipitation, likely

including an expanse of the subtropical desert regions.. Other

expected effects of global warming include changes in agricultural

yields, modifications of trade routes, glacier retreat, mass species

extinctions and increases in the ranges of disease vectors.

Remaining scientific uncertainties include the amount of warming

expected in the future, and how warming and related changes will

vary from region to region around the globe. Most national

governments have signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol aimed at

reducing greenhouse gas emissions, but there is ongoing political

and public debate worldwide regarding what, if any, action should

be taken to reduce or reverse future warming or to adapt to its

expected consequences.

Global dimming, the gradual reduction in the amount of global direct

irradiance at the Earth's surface, may have partially mitigated global

warming in the late 20th century. From 1960 to 1990 human-caused

aerosols likely precipitated this effect. Scientists have stated with

66–90% confidence that the effects of human-caused aerosols,

along with volcanic activity, have offset some of the global warming,

and that greenhouse gases would have resulted in more warming

than observed if not for these dimming agents.

Ozone depletion, the steady decline in the total amount of ozone in

Earth's stratosphere, is frequently cited in relation to global

warming. Although there are areas of linkage, the relationship

between the two is not strong.

POWER SHORTAGE:

Some developing countries and newly-industrialized countries

have several hours of daily power-cuts in almost all cities and

villages because the increase in demand for electricity exceeds the

increase in electric power generation. Wealthier people in these

countries may use a power-inverter (rechargeable batteries) or a

diesel/petrol-run electric generator at their homes during the power-

cut. The use of standby generators is common in industrial and IT

hubs.

CHAPTER-3
 DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENTS

CHAPTER 3
DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENTS

POWER GENERATION:

The power in the electrical generating facility. They maintain

the equipment with periodic inspections and logs temperatures,

pressures and other important information on regular intervals. The

plants are responsible for starting and stopping the generators

depending on need. They are able to synchronize and adjust the

voltage output of the added generation with the running electrical

system without upsetting the system. They must know the electrical

and mechanical systems in order to troubleshoot problems in the

facility and add to the reliability of the facility. The power plant must

be able to respond to an emergency and know the procedures in

place to deal with it. Power plant is a net consumer of energy but

decreases the price of electricity. Water is pumped to a high

reservoir during the night when the demand, and price, for electricity

is low. During hours of peak demand, when the price of electricity is

high, the stored water is released to produce electric power.

LIST OF COMPONENTS
 Rack and pinion
 Dynamo
 Spur gear
 Open coil helical springs
 Rectifier
 Filter
 Battery

3.1 RACK AND PINION:

 The rack and pinion is used to convert between rotary and

linear motion. The rack is the flat, toothed part, the pinion is the

gear. Rack and pinion can convert from rotary to linear of from linear

to rotary.

The diameter of the gear determines the speed that the rack moves

as the pinion turns. Rack and pinions are commonly used in the

steering system of cars to convert the rotary motion of the steering

wheel to the side to side motion in the wheels.

Rack and pinion gears give a positive motion especially compared

to the friction drive of a wheel in tarmac. In the rack and pinion

railway a central rack between the two rails engages with a pinion

on the engine allowing the train to be pulled up very steep slopes.

A rack is a toothed bar or rod that can be thought of as a sector

gear with an infinitely large radius of curvature. Torque can be

converted to linear force by meshing a rack with a pinion: the pinion

turns; the rack moves in a straight line. Such a mechanism is used

in automobiles to convert the rotation of the steering wheel into the

left-to-right motion of the tie rod(s). Racks also feature in the theory

of gear geometry, where, for instance, the tooth shape of an

interchangeable set of gears may be specified for the rack (infinite

radius), and the tooth shapes for gears of particular actual radii then

derived from that. The rack and pinion gear type is employed in a

rack railway.

3.2 DYNAMO:

Dynamo is an electrical generator. This dynamo produces

direct current with the use of a commutator. dynamo were the first

generator capable of the power industries.The dynamo uses

rotating coils of wire and magnetic fields to convert mechanical

rotation into a pulsing direct electric current. A dynamo machine

consists of a stationary structure, called the stator, which provides a

constant magnetic field, and a set of rotating windings called the

armature which turn within that field. On small machines the

constant magnetic field may be provided by one or more permanent

magnets; larger machines have the constant magnetic field

provided by one or more electromagnets, which are usually called

field coils.
The commutator was needed to produce direct current. When a

loop of wire rotates in a magnetic field, the potential induced in it

reverses with each half turn, generating an alternating current.

However, in the early days of electric experimentation, alternating

current generally had no known use. The few uses for electricity,

such as electroplating, used direct current provided by messy liquid

batteries. Dynamos were invented as a replacement for batteries.

The commutator is a set of contacts mounted on the machine's

shaft, which reverses the connection of the windings to the external

circuit when the potential reverses, so instead of alternating current,

a pulsing direct current is produced.

3.3 RECTIFIER:

Rectifier is an electrical device .it is converting to the

alternating current to direct current this process known as a

rectification. Rectifier has many uses it can be found in many power

supply components and also as a detector. The term rectifier

describes a diode that is being used to convert AC to DC. Almost all

rectifiers comprise a number of diodes in a specific arrangement for

more efficiently converting AC to DC than is possible with only one

diode.

3.4 FILTER:

Electronic filters are electronic circuits which perform signal

processing functions, specifically intended to remove unwanted

signal components and/or enhance wanted ones.

3.5 BATTERY:

In our project we are using secondary type battery. It is

rechargeable Type. A battery is one or more electrochemical cells,

which store chemical energy and make it available as electric

current. There are two types of batteries, primary (disposable) and

secondary (rechargeable), both of which convert chemical energy to

electrical energy. Primary batteries can only be used once because

they use up their chemicals in an irreversible reaction. Secondary

batteries can be recharged because the chemical reactions they

use are reversible; they are recharged by running a charging current

through the battery, but in the opposite direction of the discharge

current. Secondary, also called rechargeable batteries can be

charged and discharged many times before wearing out. After

wearing out some batteries can be recycled.

Batteries have gained popularity as they became portable and

useful for many purposes. The use of batteries has created many

environmental concerns, such as toxic metal pollution. A battery is a

device that converts chemical energy directly to electrical energy it

consists of one or more voltaic cells. Each voltaic cell consists of

two half cells connected in series by a conductive electrolyte.

One half-cell is the positive electrode, and the other is the

negative electrode. The electrodes do not touch each other but are

electrically connected by the electrolyte, which can be either solid or

liquid. A battery can be simply modeled as a perfect voltage source

which has its own resistance, the resulting voltage across the load

depends on the ratio of the battery's internal resistance to the

resistance of the load.

 When the battery is fresh, its internal resistance is low, so the

voltage across the load is almost equal to that of the battery's

internal voltage source. As the battery runs down and its internal

resistance increases, the voltage drop across its internal resistance

increases, so the voltage at its terminals decreases, and the

battery's ability to deliver power to the load decreases.

Battery is use for storing the energy produced from the solar

power. The battery used is a lead-acid type and has a capacity of

12v; 2.5A.the most inexpensive secondary cell is the lead acid cell

and is widely used for commercial purposes. A lead acid cell when

ready for use contains two plates immersed in a dilute sulphuric

acid (H2SO4) of specific gravity about 1.28.the positive plate (anode)

is of Lead –peroxide (PbO2) which has chocolate brown colour and

the negative plate (cathode) is lead (Pb) which is of grey colour.

When the cell supplies current to a load (discharging), the chemical

action that takes place forms lead sulphate (PbSO 4) on both the

plates with water being formed in the electrolyte. After a certain

amount of energy has been withdrawn from the cell, both plates are
Transformed into the same material and the specific gravity of the

electrolyte (H2so4) is lowerd. The cell is then said to be discharged.

There are several methods to ascertain whether the cell is

discharged or not.

To charge the cell, direct current is passed through the cell in

the reverse direction to that in which the cell provided current. This

reverses the chemical process and again forms a lead peroxide

(PbO2) positive plate and a pure lead (Pb) negative plate. At the

same time,(H2so4) is formed at the expense of water, restoring the

electrolyte (H2so4 ) to its original condition. The chemical changes

that Occur during discharging and recharging of a lead-acid cell.

3.6 SPRING:

A SPRING is defined as an elastic body, whose function is to

distort when loaded and to recover its original shape when the Load

is removed. The springs used here are open coil helical springs

which are used where there is compression load. These springs are
made from oil tempered carbon steel wires containing 0.60 to 0.7

5% carbon 0.6 to 1% Manganese.

The automobile chassis is mounted on the axles not direct but

through some form of springs. This is done to isolate the vehicle

body from the road shocks which may be in the form of bounce,

pitch, roll or sway. These tendencies give rise to an uncomfortable

ride and also cause additional stress in the automobile frame and

body. All the parts which perform the function of isolating the

automobile from the road shocks are collectively.

A Springing device must be a compromise between flexibility

and stiffness. If it is more rigid, it will not absorb road shocks

efficiently and if it is more flexible it will continue to vibrate even after

the bump has passed so we must have sufficient damping of the

spring to prevent excessive flexing.

A spring is a flexible elastic object used to store mechanical

energy. Springs are usually made out of hardened steel. Small

springs can be wound from pre-hardened stock, while larger ones. A

spring is a mechanical device, which is typically used to store

energy and subsequently release it, to absorb shock, or to maintain

a force between contacting surfaces. They are made of an elastic

material formed into the shape of a helix which returns to its natural

length when unloaded this is called return spring. Springs are

placed between the road wheels and the vehicle body. When the

wheel comes across a bump on the road, it rises and deflects the

spring, thereby storing energy therein. On releasing, due to the

elasticity of the spring, material, it rebounds thereby expending the

stored energy. In this way the spring starts vibrating, with amplitude

decreasing gradually on internal friction of the spring material and

friction of the suspension joints till vibrations die down.

THE VARIOUS IMPORTANT APPLICATIONS

 To cushion, absorb or control energy due to either shock or

vibration as in car springs, railway buffers, air craft landing

gears, shock absorption and vibration dampers.

 To apply forces, as in brakes, clutches and spring-loaded

valves.
  To control motion by maintaining contact between two

elements as in cams and followers.

 To measure forces, as in spring balances and engine

indicators.

 To store energy, as in watches, toys, etc.

3.7 SPUR GEAR:

INTRODUCTION:

The slipping belt of a belt is a common phenomenon, in the

transmission of motion or power between two shafts. The effect of

slipping is to reduce the velocity ratio of the system precision

machines, in which a definite velocity ratio is of importance, the only

positive drive is by gears or toothed wheels. A gear drive is also

provided, when the distance between the driver and the follower is

very small.

ADVANTAGES

 It transmits exact velocity ratio.

  It may be used to transmit large power

 It may be used for small center distance of shafts.

 It has high efficiency

 It has reliable service.

 It has compact layout.

3.8 V BELT DRIVES:

INTRODUCTION:

A v- belt is mostly used in factories and workshops where a great

amount of power is to be transmitted from one pulley to another

when the two pulleys are very near to each other.

The v-belts are made of fabric and cords molded in rubber and

covered with fabric and rubber. These belts are molded to a

trapezoidal shape and are made endless .these are particularly

suitable for short drives. The included angle for the v-belt is usually

forming 30° to 40°.the power transmitted by the wedging.

ADVANTAGES:

 The v-belt drive gives compactness due to the small distance

between centers of pulleys.

 The drive is positive, because the slip between the belt and

the pulley groove is negligible.

 Since the v-belts are made endless and there is no joint

trouble, therefore the drive is smooth.

 It provides longer life, 3 to 5 years

 It can be easily installed and removed.

 The operation of the belt and pulley is quiet.

 The belts have the ability to cushion the shock when

machines are started.

 The high velocity ratio (maximum 10) may be obtained.

 The wedging action of the belt in the groove gives high value

of limiting radio of tensions

  Therefore the power transmitted by v-belts is more that flat

belts for the same co-efficient of friction, arc of contact and

allowable tension in the belts.

 The v-belt may be operated in either direction, with tight side

of the belt at the top or bottom. The centre line may be

horizontal, vertical or inclined.

DISADVANTAGES:

 The v-belts drive can not be used with large center

distances, because of larges weight per unit length.

 The v-belts are not so durable as flat belts.

 The construction of pulleys for v-belts is more

complicated than pulleys of flat belts

 Since the v belts are subjected to certain amount of

creep, therefore these are not suitable for constant

speed applications such as synchronous machines and

timing devices.
 The belt life is greatly influenced with temperature

changes, improper belt tension and mismatching of belt

lengths.

 The centrifugal tension prevents the use of v-belts at

speed below 5m/s and above 50m/s

 CHAPTER 4

DESIGN AND DRAWING

 CHAPTER 4

DESIGN AND DRAWING

4.1. SPEED BREAKER POWER GENRATION COMPONENTS

AND IT SPECFICATIONS
The speed breaker power generation machine is consists

of the following components to full fill the requirements of complete

operations of a machine.

 Rack and pinion

 Pulley and belt

 Spring

 Spur gear

 Dynamo

 Battery
4.2 TECHNICAL DATA:

1. RACK AND PINION

RACK:

Material: mild steel

Number of teeth =38

Length of rack =180mm

PINION:

Dia meter of pinion =90mm

No of teeth =64 no

2. SPRING

Dia of wire (d) = 2mm

Mean dia of spring (D) =30mm

Number of turns (n) =14no

Free length =115mm

3. DYNAMO
Material of yoke =mild steel

Quantity =1

4. BATTERY

Voltage =12v dc

Material =plastic

Type =lead acid battery

Quantity 1

5. SPUR GEAR

No of teeth =96 no

O.d of the gear =105mm

Thickness of the gear =10mm

6. SHAFT

Length of the shaft =160mm

Diameter of the shaft =16mm

7. Pulley:

Driven pulley Dia (D) =250mm

Arm length =105mm

Driving pulley dia (d) =50mm

Rim thickness =5mm

8. Belt:

Cross section thickness of belt =7mm

Width (b) =11mm

Angle of ‘v’ belt =50°

4.3 DESIGN CALCULATION:

We know;

n =100 rpm (assume)

Weight =70kg 70X10 =70N

Power =force X velocity

P =700X3.14X16X10-3/60X100

P =58.6W

P =60 watts power is to be transmitted

LENGTH OF THE BELT

L = 2c +3.14/2 (D+d) + (D+d)2 /4c

C center of distance=225 mm

Speed radio I =D/d

=250/50
 I =5

The recommended c/D radio is 0.9

Therefore,

c/D =0.9

c /250 =0.9

c=250X0.9

c = 225mm

L = 2c +3.14/2 (D+d) + (D+d)2 /4c

=2X225 +3.14/2 (250+50)+(250-50) 2/4X225

=965.67mm

L =96 cm (length of the belt)

Angle of contact, θ =180 –(D-d)/c X60°

 , θ =180 –(250-50)/225 X60°

θ =126.6°

Initial belt tension to be promided for firm grip of the v- belt on

pulleys, is 0.5% of L

New length = L+0.5 % x L

=965+0.5X 1/100X965

=970mm
DRAWING
ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION FROM
SPEED BRAKE
 CHAPTER -5

WORKING PRINCIPLE
 CHAPTER-V

WORKING PRINCIPLE

Whenever people or vehicles steps on this arrangement, the

wheel will be rotated. The dynamo is coupled with the wheels, so

the dynamo is rotated and generates the electrical power. The

generated voltage is the alternate voltage. The AC voltage given to

rectifier circuit to convert into DC voltage. Then the rectified voltage

is given to filter circuit to remove the ripple voltage. After the

filtration the pure DC voltage is given to battery through the

charging circuit. The stored DC voltage is used to different

application. Through this way electric energy is generated and

compensated the electric demands.

 CHAPTER -6

MERITS AND DEMERITS

 CHAPTER-VI

MERITS AND DEMERITS

MERITS

 POWER IS GENERATED BY SIMPLY WALKING ON THE

STEPS

 NO NEED OF FUEL INPUT

 NON CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM

 GENERATED POWER IS STORED IN BATTERY

DEMERITS

 MOVING PART (MECHANICAL) IS HIGH

 INITIAL COST IS HIGH

 RUST MAY OCCUR ON THE STEEL BODIES

 CHAPTER-7

APPLICATIONS
 CHAPTER-VIII

APPLICATIONS

POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKER CAN BE USED

IN MOST OF THE PLACES SUCH AS

 COLLEGES ROADS

 SCHOOLS ROADS

 CINEMA THEATERES ROADS

 SHOPPING COMPLEX ROADS

 HIGHWAY ROADS ETC..,

 CHAPTER-8

LIST OF MATERIALS
 CHAPTER-VIII

LIST OF MATERIALS

FACTORS DETERMINING THE CHOICE OF MATERIALS

The various factors which determine the choice of material are

discussed below.
1. Properties:

The material selected must posses the necessary properties

for the proposed application. The various requirements to be

satisfied

Can be weight, surface finish, rigidity, ability to withstand

environmental attack from chemicals, service life, reliability etc.

The following four types of principle properties of materials

decisively affect their selection

a. Physical

b. Mechanical

c. From manufacturing point of view

 d. Chemical

The various physical properties concerned are melting point,

thermal

Conductivity, specific heat, coefficient of thermal expansion, specific

gravity, electrical conductivity, magnetic purposes etc.

The various Mechanical properties Concerned are strength in

tensile,

Compressive shear, bending, torsional and buckling load, fatigue

resistance, impact resistance, eleastic limit, endurance limit, and

modulus of elasticity, hardness, wear resistance and sliding

properties.

The various properties concerned from the manufacturing

point of view are,

Cast ability

Weld ability

Bribability

Surface properties

Shrinkage

Deep drawing etc.

2. Manufacturing case:

Sometimes the demand for lowest possible manufacturing cost

or surface qualities obtainable by the application of suitable coating

substances may demand the use of special materials.

3. Quality Required:

This generally affects the manufacturing process and

ultimately the material. For example, it would never be desirable to

go casting of a less number of components which can be fabricated

much more economically by welding or hand forging the steel.

4. Avilability of Material:

Some materials may be scarce or in short supply.it then

becomes obligatory for the designer to use some other material

which though may not be a perfect substitute for the material

designed. The delivery of materials and the delivery date of product

should also be kept in mind.

5. Space consideration:
Sometimes high strength materials have to be selected because the

forces involved are high and space limitations are there.

6. Cost:

As in any other problem, in selection of material the cost of

material plays an important part and should not be ignored.

Some times factors like scrap utilization, appearance, and

non-maintenance of the designed part are involved in the selection

of proper materials.
S.No DESCIRPTION QTY Material
1 pulleys 2 cast iron
2 v belt 1 fiber
3 Rack 1 Mild steel
4 pinion 1 Mild steel
5 Spur gear 1 nylon
6 dynamo 1 M.S
7 spring 4 Carbon steel
8 Speed breaker 1 Mild steel

Chapter-9
 COST ESTIMATION

Chapter-IX

COST ESTIMATION

1. MATERIAL COST.
S.No DESCIRPTION QTY Material amount
1 pulleys 2 cast iron
2 v belt 1 fiber
3 Rack 1 Mild steel
4 pinion 1 Mild steel
5 Spur gear 1 nylon
6 dynamo 1 M.S
7 spring 4 Carbon steel
8 Speed breaker 1 Mild steel

2. LABOUR COST:

Lathe, drilling, welding, drinding, power hacksaw, gas cutting cost

=Rs

3. OVERGHEAD CHARGES:

The overhead charges are arrived by” manufacturing cost”

Manufacturing Cost =Material Cost +Labour Cost

Overhead Charges =20%of the manufacturing cost

4. TOTAL COST:

Total cost = Material Cost +Labour Cost +Overhead Charges

 =

Total cost for this project =

Chapter-10
 CONCLUSION

CHAPTER-X

CONCLUSION

This project is made with pre planning, that it provides

flexibility in operation. Smoother and noiseless operation by the

medium of “SPEED BREAKERPOWER GENERATION”

 The comparative gain that can be accomplished is the

utilization of roller bar. This innovation has made the more desirable

This project “SPEED BREAKER POWER GENERATION” is

designed with the hope that it is very much economical and help full

to many industries and workshops.

This project helped us to know the periodic steps in

completing a project work.

This project has also reduced the cost involved in the concern.

Project has been designed to perform the entire requirement task

which has also been provided. Thus we have completed the project

successfully.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIGRAPHY

1. Design data book -P.S.G.Tech.

2. Strength of Materials -R.S.Kurmi

3. Manufacturing Technology -M.Haslehurst.

4. Design of machine elements- R.s.Kurumi

5. Design of transmission elements – S.Md.jalaludeen

PHOTOGRAPHY