Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
for
Geothermal Wells
ThermaSource
Bottle Rock Energy
PLN
Some Important Terms
9 10 11 12 13 14
8.3 ppg
Pressure
TVD
Formation Pore Pressure “Windows”
9 10 11 12 13 14
8.3 ppg
Pressure
TVD
Water Gradient & Temperature
Pressure
TVD
Water Gradient & Temperature
Water Gradient
Pressure
Water Gradient & Temperature
0
1000
TVD
Pressure Differential
2000
Light Mud Gradient (sg 1.1)
Pressure
Water Gradient & Temperature
0
Vapour
1000 Dominated
Zone
TVD
Pressure Differential
2000
Light Mud Gradient (sg 1.1)
Liquid Phase
Below
Steam Cap Aerated Water Gradient (sg <1)
3000
Pressure
Partial mud losses – what is going on?
450 gpm
Large amounts of fluid lost
700 gpm
through fractures
For example (12-1/4” hole):
700 gpm injected
30 gpm
250 gpm lost to formation
50 gpm
450 gpm returns
70 gpm
450 gpm is not sufficient to
clean the well!
100 gpm
Total Losses with Fluid
Aeration results in a
“smearing” of the fluid
across a longer length of
the wellbore
Cleaner wellbore
Less problems
Returns are
possible, depends on:
Depth of water table
Permeability
Cleaner Wellbores → Reduced Fracture Plugging
→ Higher Production
Rotating
Head
2
Separator
Annular
Preventer
4
5 6 7 8 9
Pipe Rams
Blind Rams
Master
Valve
Geothermal Separator
Contact Energy Ltd
New Zealand
1,100
Depth (m)
1,300
2.8 x faster with air
1,400
1,500
y = 5.447x + 607.7
1,600
ThermaSource
Bottle Rock Energy
PLN