(𝑉𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡)(𝑀𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡 )(50)(1000)

Hardness:
𝑉𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒

(𝑉𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡 )(𝑀𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡 )−(2 𝑚𝐿)(0.1)

Spike Solution (5c – Hardness):
0.1

= 𝑋 𝑚𝐿 (𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 5𝑐 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻)

(substitute to Hardness formula for 5c value)
𝐻𝑑5𝑎 + 𝐻𝑑5𝑏
( ) − 𝐻𝑑5𝑐
2
% recovery (Hardness – 5c): 𝐻𝑑5𝑎 + 𝐻𝑑5𝑏
( )
2

(𝑉𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡 )(𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡 )(50)(1000)

Alkalinity: 𝐶𝑂32− =
𝑉𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒

(𝑉𝑚𝑜 −𝑉𝑝𝐻 )(𝑉𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡 × 2)(100)(1000)

𝐻𝐶𝑂3− =
𝑉𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒

1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4
(𝑉𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡 )(0.05)−(5 𝑚𝐿)(0.01 𝑀 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻)( )
2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻
Spike Solution (5c – Alkalinity):
0.05 𝑀

= 𝑋 𝑚𝐿 (𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 5𝑐 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻)

(substitute to Alkalinity formula for 5c value)
𝐴𝑙𝑘5𝑎 + 𝐴𝑙𝑘5𝑏
( ) − 𝐴𝑙𝑘5𝑐
2
% recovery (Alkalinity – 5c): 𝐴𝑙𝑘 + 𝐴𝑙𝑘5𝑏
( 5𝑎 )
2

pH: 14 – log(Alkalinity)
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
Conductivity: 𝜀=
Ω(𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎)

(8000)(0.075)(𝐵𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑘−𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒)
COD:
𝑉𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒

TDS (estimated): 640 X Conductivity (𝜀)