5 Flare/ Vent Study 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.5.1 Criteria For Flare/Vent modelling criteria refer to relevant SPs and DEPs (e.g. SP-1190, DEP 80.45.10.10-Gen etc.). Methodology The Flare Radiation, Dispersion and Noise study should calculate the following to determine the governing case and required flare height 1, Calculate the minimum required height to meet the heat radiation criteria (refer to DEP 80.45.10.10-Gen [Ref 9], for criteria radiation levels) at the boundary of the sterile area and property fence. 2. Carry out flammable gas, H2S, and SQz dispersion analysis (trial and error with initial height as calculated in step1 above) to arrive at a flare height which meets the gas exposure limits at the property fence (refer to DEP 80.45.10.10-Gen for criteria flammable / toxic gas levels). 3. Once the flare height is determined based on radiation or toxic criteria as mentioned above, calculate the required height to meet the noise criteria. 4. The maximum flare height from the above 3 calculations is determined to be the required final flare height. Receptor Height As per DEP 80.45.10.10-Gen [Ref 9], for personnel exposure, thermal radiation contours shall assume a height of 2m for the personnel. Solar Radiation As per DEP 80.45.10.10-Gen [Ref 9], the solar radiation need not be added to calculated thermal radiation values from the flare Flare Modelling Input Required The inputs (typical) required for flare modelling are: Y Flare tip diameter Y Mass flow rate of the streams flared Y Stream temperature ¥ Stream Composition 5.5.2 Radiation The following steps to be adapted while conducting the Flare modelling: 4. The thermal radiation from the flares shall be modelled using the Gas Jet Flame model in FRED. 2. Truncate the composition to reduce the number of components while matching ‘overall molecular weight and adhering to Gas Jet Flame model composition limitations. 3. Specify the appropriate radiation levels (refer to DEP 80.45.10.10-Gen for criteria radiation levels) at the boundary of the sterile area/property fence. 4. Use 2m as plot contour height which represents the receptor height.5. As per DEP-80.45.10.10-Gen [Ref 9], wind velocity of 10 m/s (22 mph) at the elevation of the flare tip, blowing towards the receiver, is a typical assumption for flame tilt assessment. PG Stability does not affect the radiation calculations. Stability D or any stability class may be input. 5.5.3 H2S Dispersion Modeling - FRED Flameout is a failure condition where the flare burning stops e.g. flame can't sustain due to environmental conditions such as high winds accompanied by heavy rain or hail. A flameout can prove to be an unsafe condition in terms of un-burnt heavy gases (heavier than air) settling at ground level. In particular, toxic gases such as H2S can be a serious safety hazard. A flare dispersion analysis for a flameout scenario will provide an estimate that how much of toxic gases can accumulate ground level during a flameout condition and what safety measures need to be taken during a flameout occurrence. Flare height should satisfy the H2S dispersion criteria in the event of flame-out /un- ignited flare and SO; dispersion criteria for the ignited flare Refer to SP-1190 [Ref 3] and DEP 80.45.10.10-Gen [Ref 9] for the criteria concentration of toxic substances at grade level. Alternate modeling tools such as ADMS should only be used if the target concentration is very low or the effects are expected to be far field. ADMS Modeling methodology is detailed below in Section 5.5.4. 5.5.4 SO, Dispersion Modeling During flaring, significant amount of SO2 will be generated as a combustion product. As per DEP 80.45.10.10-Gen [Ref 9], 98% combustion efficiency may be considered for calculating SO, produced (98% H.S converted to SO2 and remaining 2% is residual H2S). Typically FRED is not used for SO, dispersion. Alternate modelling tools such as ADMS should be used as the target concentrations are expected to be very small and the effects are far field. Flare sources can be modelled similar to point sources, except that there are buoyancy flux reductions associated with radiative heat losses that must be considered, and there is a need to account for the flame length in estimating plume height. The effective height and effective diameter should be calculated based on FRED modelling. Use 20 mis velocity and 1000°C e: DMS or appropriate modelling software [Ref 10]. Toxic modelling using ADM + For Flame-In case (e.g. SO, dispersion): Input the Flare Height (physical height + plume rise), effective diameter. These inputs can be taken from FRED Gas Jet Flame model (i.e. adding Flame length+ Flame Lift-off for effective height and considering Cone width of flame end as effective diameter). + For Flame-Out case (e.g. H2S dispersion), if ADMS is being used for any reason as explained in 5.5.3: The Flare Height is input as [physical height + plume rise] and effective diameter is the flare tip ID_ + Input molecular weight of 28.97 same as molecular weight of air. * For SO; dispersion, input exit velocity of 20 m/s and 1000°C as (flue gas) temperature * For H2S dispersion, exit velocity and stream temperature can be taken from FRED pressurized release model. + Define the area of interest based on plant layout/plot plan and receptor location etc. * Select the appropriate pollutant and averaging time. Refer to SP-1190 [Ref 3] and DEP 80.45.10.10-Gen for the criteria concentration of toxic substances at grade level.* Calculate dispersion for different credible PG stability class and wind velocity combinations i.e. A1, B2, C5, D5, E3, and F2. Do not use yearly one hour sequential met data. 5.5.5 Flammable gas dispersion modeling - FRED FRED Pressurized Release model is used to calculate the flammable gas dispersion (Refer to relevant SPs and DEPs for the criteria concentration of flammable gas). 5.5.6 Noise Modeling * Inthe Gas Jet Flame scenario - Noise contour for plot will be available under the Stability/Noise tab under Ignited Noise. Input the noise level criteria value in dB (A) in the input tab of Gas Jet Flame under Noise tab.