CHEM 120 / 2013 Physical Chemistry

School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus

Chemical Reactivity - CHEM120R - 2013

TUTORIAL 5
ENTROPY & GIBBS FREE ENERGY
1. For each compound below, write a balanced equation depicting the formation of one mole
of the compound from its elements.
a) Al2O3(s) b) TiCl4(l) c) Mg(OH)2(s) d) NH4NO3(s)

2. Calculate the enthalpy change, ΔHfo for the formation of one mole of strontium carbonate
(the material that gives the red colour in fireworks) from its elements. (-1120 kJ mol –1)
Sr(s) + ½ O2(g)  SrO(s) H1o = -592 kJ
SrO(s) + CO2(g)  SrCO3(s) H2o = -234 kJ
C(graphite) + O2(g)  CO2(g) H3o = -394 kJ

3. Does the entropy increase, decrease or remain the same when the following processes or
reactions occur?
a) 2 NO(g) + O2(g)  2 NO2(g) b) CaCO3(s)  CaO(s) + CO2(g)

4. Urea reacts slowly with water to form ammonia and carbon dioxide. Using the given data,
calculate the standard entropy change at 25 C for the reaction:
CO(NH2)2(aq) + H2O(l)  CO2(g) + 2 NH3(g)
Compound CO(NH2)2(aq) H2O(l) CO2(g) NH3(g)
S (J K-1 mol-1) 173.8 69.96 213.6 192.5
–1
(354.8 J K mol –1)

5. Calculate the entropy change for the vaporization of water at 100.0 C. The enthalpy of
–1
vaporization is 45.0 kJ mol-1. (121 J K mol –1)

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6. Urea can be synthesized by the reaction of phosgene, COCl2, with ammonia. Use the
thermodynamic data given to calculate G for this reaction at 25.0 C.
COCl2(g) + 4 NH3(g)  CO(NH2)2(s) + 2 NH4Cl(s)
Compound COCl2(g) NH3(g) CO(NH2)2(s) NH4Cl(s)
-1
ΔHf (kJ mol ) -218.8 -46.11 -319.2 -314.4
S (J K-1 mol-1) 283.5 192.5 173.8 94.6
(-338.9 kJ)
7. Calculate G (kJ mol-1) for the combustion of ethane, C2H6, in the presence of oxygen,
given that:
Compound C2H6(g) O2(g) CO2(g) H2O(l)
Gf (kJ mol-1) - 32.82 0 - 394.4 - 237.1
(-1467.3 kJ mol –1)

8. Given that GRxn = 474.4 kJ, calculate the equilibrium constant for the following
equilibrium at 25.0 C.

2 H2O(l) ⇌ H2(g) + O2(g)

(8.307 x 10 –84)

Additional Problems

1. The vapour pressure of ethanol (C2H5OH) and 1-propanol (C3H7OH) at 35°C are 100 mmHg
and 37.6 mmHg, respectively. Assume ideal behaviour and calculate the partial pressures
of ethanol and 1-propanol at 35°C, over a solution of ethanol in 1-propanol. The mole
fraction of ethanol is 0.300.

2. As solution is prepared by dissolving 35.0 g of haemoglobin (Hb) in enough water to make

up 1 L in volume. If the osmotic pressure of the solution is found to be 10.0 mmHg at
25°C, calculate the molar mass of haemoglobin.

3. Calculate the standard entropy changes for the combustion of 1 mol of propane vapour at
25oC
C3H8(g) + 5O2(g)  3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)
[So(J K-1 mol-1): C3H8(g) = 269.9, O2(g) = 205.1, CO2(g) = 213.7 and H2O(l) = 69.90].

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4. (a) Potassium chlorate, a common oxidizing agent in fireworks and match-heads,

undergoes a solid state disproportionation reaction when heated.
4KClO3(s)  3KClO4(s) + KCl(s)
Calculate the standard free energy change, Go, for the reaction at 25oC:

4KClO3(s) 3KClO4(s) KCl

o -1
H (kJ mol )
f -397.7 -432.8 -436.7
So (J K-1 mol-1) +143.1 +151.0 +82.6

(b) Is the reverse reaction which is the formation of KClO3 spontaneous or non-
spontaneous?

(c) What is the standard free energy change for 1 mole of KClO4 formed?

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