02 Pompa Rotodynamic

15.
0 INTRODUCTION
15.1 CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
519
520
Figure 15.1.1 Volute type centrifugal pump.
Stationary
vanes
Figure 15.1.2 Diffuser pump.

521
15.1.1 Impeller
Chapter 15
15.1.2 Classification
Casing
Impeller
Inlet Inlet Inlet
Axis Axis
(a) (b)
Figure 15.1.3 Single and double entry pumps
522
15.2. PRESSURE DEVELOPED BY THE IMPELLER
Hd
hfd
vd
Hs
hfs
vs
Pa
r WL
523
Chapter 15
15.2.1 Manometric Head
15.3 ENERGY TRANSFER BY IMPELLER

524
u2
Vu2 Exit
2 Vf 2
Vr2 V2
Vr1
V1 = Vf1 Inlet
u1
Figure 15.3.1 Velocity triangles for

backward curved bladed pump.
525
Chapter 15
15.3.1 Slip and Slip Factor
u2
u2
Vu2
Vu2 Vu2
2
2
Vr2 Vf2
V2
Figure 15.3.2 Velocity triangle with slip
15.3.3 Losses in Centrifugal Pumps
Qh
Shaft power =
Mechanical Qh
Power transmitted to impeller =
losses h
Power transmitted to
Leakage the water = Qh
losses
Hydraulic
losses
Shock loss at entrance

Fluid friction
Circulatory loss at exit
Discharge
Figure 15.3.3 Losses in pump

526
15.3.4 Effect of Outlet Blade Angle
Vu2 u2
u2 = Vu2
u2 Vu2
Vf2 Vr2 Vf2

V2 VL1
V2 Vr2 V2
Forward curved Radial Backward curved
Figure 15.3.4 Different blade arrangements
Forward
Hth Radial
Backward
Speed = Constant
Figure 15.3.5 Head variation

527
Chapter 15
15.4 PUMP CHARACTERISTICS
528
Speed = Constant
1
Slip
H 2
5
4 3
Figure 15.4.1 Characteristics of a centrifugal pump
100
80
60
40 Head, h
Normal head
20
Constant speed
1,450 rpm
0
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200
Capacity
Figure 15.4.2 Centrifugal pump characteristics at constant speed

529
60%
25% 50%
Chapter 15
24 70%
50%
18
75%
80% 25%
12
84%
0 150 300 450

Head h, m
Figure 15.4.3 Pump charateristics at various speeds
15.5 OPERATION OF PUMPS IN SERIES AND PARALLEL
Load
H Pump
Operating
condition
Figure 15.5.1 Pump-load characteristics

530
System original
Changed
system
Pump
H 1 2
Pump 1 + 2
Q1 Q2
Q
Figure 15.5.2 Pumps in parallel
Changed system
H2 2 Old system
H Pump 2
H1
1
Pump 1
Q
Q
Figure 15.5.3 Pumps in series

531
15.6 SPECIFIC SPEED AND SIGNIFICANCE
Chapter 15
532
100
95
90
85
80
75
Volute centrifugal pumps Mixed flow
70 Axial
flow
65
60
10 20 30 40 60 80 100 200 300
nx = n 3/4
Q
h
Axis of
rotation
Figure 15.6.1 Efficiency-specific speed and impeller shape relations
15.7 CAVITATION
533
Chapter 15
15.8 AXIAL FLOW PUMP

534
Thrust bearing
shaft
Outlet
Guide blades
Rotor blades
Mean diameter
Intel
Figure 15.8.1 Axial flow pums
Vr1
V a = V1
Inlet
1
u1 = u2
Vr2 V2
Va Exit
Vu1
Figure 15.8.2 Velocity triangles-

axial pump
535
Chapter 15
15.9 POWER TRANSMITTING SYSTEMS
15.9.1 Fluid Coupling
Pump impeller Turbine runner
D
Driven
Driving shaft
shaft
A B
1 2
Figure 15.9.1 Fluid coupling

536
Slip
100
Turbine
S stalled
2–5%
ps
Figure 15.9.2 Slip variation with pump speed
15.9.2 Torque Converter

537
2.5
Chapter 15
Torque
converter
t
p
Gear
drive
1.0
0 Nt/Np 1
Figure 15.9.3 Torque variation in torque converter and gear train
Fixed guide Turbine

vane runner
Pump
impeller
Driven
Driving shaft
shaft
1 2
D
Figure 15.9.4 Torque converter

538
SOLVED EXAMPLES
Vr1
V1 = Vf1
30°
u1
Inlet
Figure P. 15.1(a)
u2
Vu2
25°
Vf2
Vr2 V2
Outlet
Figure P. 15.1(b)
539
Chapter 15
540
541
Chapter 15
542
u2
Vu2
30°
Vf2
Vr2 V2
Figure P. 15.6
543
Chapter 15
544
Vu2
u2
60° 120°
Vf2 Vr2
V2
Figure P. 15.9 Outlet velocity diagram

(forwerd curved)
545
Chapter 15
u2 = Vu2
Vr2 = Vf2
= 3 m/s V2
Figure P. 15.11
u2
Vu2
25°
Vf
Vr2 V2
Figure P. 15.12
546
Vr1
Vf1 = V1
u1
Inlet
Vr2
Vf V2
1 2
u2
Outlet
Figure P. 15.13
547
Chapter 15
548
u2
Vu2
35° 2
Vf2 Outlet
Vr2 V2
Vr1
V1 = Vf1 Inlet
u1
Figire P. 15.15
549
Chapter 15
u2
Vu2
2
Vf2
Vr2 V2
Figure P. 15.16
550
Vr1
Vf1
60° Inlet
1
u1
u2
Vu2
25°
Vf2
Vr1 65° V2
Outlet
Figure P. 15.18
551
Chapter 15
u2
Vu2
25°
Vf2 Outlet
Vr2 V2
Vr1
V1 = Vf1 Inlet
u1
Figure P. 15.19
552
u2 = Vu2
Vr2 = Vf2
= 5 m/s V2
Figure P. 15.20
u2
Vu2
25°
3 m/s
Vr2 V2
Figure 15. P.21

553
Chapter 15
554
u2
Vu2
40°
Vf
Vr V2
Backward curved
Vu
u
40°
Vr
V2
Forward curved
Figure P. 15.23
555
Chapter 15
556
REVIERW QUESTIONS
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
557
Chapter 15
EXERCISE PROBLEMS

02 Pompa Rotodynamic

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15.

15.1 CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

Figure 15.1.1 Volute type centrifugal pump.

Figure 15.1.2 Diffuser pump.

Inlet Inlet Inlet

15.2. PRESSURE DEVELOPED BY THE IMPELLER

15.3 ENERGY TRANSFER BY IMPELLER

Figure 15.3.1 Velocity triangles for

Figure 15.3.2 Velocity triangle with slip

15.3.3 Losses in Centrifugal Pumps

Shock loss at entrance

Figure 15.3.3 Losses in pump

15.3.4 Effect of Outlet Blade Angle

Vf2 Vr2 Vf2

Forward curved Radial Backward curved

Figure 15.3.4 Different blade arrangements

Figure 15.3.5 Head variation

Figure 15.4.1 Characteristics of a centrifugal pump

Figure 15.4.2 Centrifugal pump characteristics at constant speed

0 150 300 450

Figure 15.4.3 Pump charateristics at various speeds

15.5 OPERATION OF PUMPS IN SERIES AND PARALLEL

Figure 15.5.1 Pump-load characteristics

Figure 15.5.2 Pumps in parallel

Figure 15.5.3 Pumps in series

15.6 SPECIFIC SPEED AND SIGNIFICANCE

Figure 15.6.1 Efficiency-specific speed and impeller shape relations

15.8 AXIAL FLOW PUMP

Figure 15.8.2 Velocity triangles-

15.9.1 Fluid Coupling

Pump impeller Turbine runner

Figure 15.9.1 Fluid coupling

Figure 15.9.2 Slip variation with pump speed

15.9.2 Torque Converter

Figure 15.9.3 Torque variation in torque converter and gear train

Fixed guide Turbine

Figure 15.9.4 Torque converter

Figure P. 15.9 Outlet velocity diagram

Figure 15. P.21

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