Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Prastiawan, Surya Mega. 2018. The Effectiveness Student’s Writing Skill of Narrative
Text Throught Comic Strips at the Tenth Grade Students of SMAN 2 Nganjuk in
the Academic Year of 2018/2019. Undergraduate Thesis Proposal of English
Education Department, STKIP PGRI Nganjuk
The English subject has four skills namely listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
Listening and reading are receptive skills, meanwhile, speaking and writing are productive
skills. According to Harmer (2004: 6), writing is almost the same as speaking. Both two skills
have a goal to communicate or share someone’s idea to others. Actually, Harmer also said
that writing is the only skill that can produce a real product which can be seen for a long time.
People have to write in the right form in order to avoid any confusion when the readers read
what they write. According to Liu (2004: 226) Comic is an art form using a series of static
image in fixed sequence. There are two kinds of comics, comic strips and comic books. A
comic strip is defined in this study as series of pictures inside boxes that tell a story. Oshima
& Hogue (2007 : 23) explained that narration is story writing. When we write a narrative text,
we write about events in the order that they happen. In other words, we use time order to
organize our sentences.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
English is a foreign language taught at all school levels from Elementary School up to
University level. It is a major subject that must be taught at school in Indonesia. The
objective of teaching English in Indonesia based on the 2013 Curriculum is that students can
develop their communicative literary stage. “It involves four language skills: listening,
speaking, reading, and writing. The four language skills should be taught integratedly”
(Puskurs, 2006: 24)
The English subject has four skills namely listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
Listening and reading are receptive skills, meanwhile, speaking and writing are productive
skills. According to Harmer (2004: 6), writing is almost the same as speaking. Both two skills
have a goal to communicate or share someone’s idea to others. Actually, Harmer also said
that writing is the only skill that can produce a real product which can be seen for a long time.
People have to write in the right form in order to avoid any confusion when the readers read
what they write.
Writing is the most important means of communication. People usually use it in their
daily activities both formal and informal situation. Writing is one of the English language
skills that are related to other skills. Therefore, it is essentially to teach students to be able to
write in English. Components of writing consist of content, organization, vocabulary,
language use, and mechanics. Moreover, writing product is not instant because the students
do some stages of writing process that includes prewriting, outlining, writing first draft,
revising, editing and writing final draft. The purpose of writing is reflected in many kinds of
genres in form of written texts. The models of these written texts have each own difference in
their social function, generic structure, and grammatical feature. After the students learn
kinds of genres, they are hoped to understand and able to differentiate the text
according to their own features based on their genres.
Among many kinds of genres, one that is being taught in tenth grade of Senior High
School level on is Narrative text. Narrative text is the kind of text that has been taught in this
grade. Narrative text is a story with complication or problematic events and it tries to find
the resolution to solve the problems. Purpose of narrative text is to amuse or entertain
the reader with a story. Moreover a narrative text consist of four generic structure,
they are orientation, complication, resolution, and re-orientation or coda
Based on the researcher observation in tenth grade students of SMAN 2 Nganjuk, the
researcher found that many students got difficulties in producing the texts, especially in a
narrative text. The researcher found some problems related with the failure of students in
their writing. Generally, students’ knowledge about the five components of writing was still
low.
The researcher found that the students were lack of vocabularies. Most of students, they
are lazy to bring a dictionary when they study English, so that they are difficult to find the
meaning of the word. They prefer with the other friends works. As a result, they are not able
to make a good sentence or good paragraph by themselves. Beside that, the students was
difficult to memorize what they have learned. On the other hand, students found difficulties
to recognize the patterns or forms of English that they have learned. The reseacher found that
many students also felt confused how to start their writing since most of them did not have
any idea of what they wanted to write.
There are many methods that can be used to learning writing. The method and technique
that can build students’ skill in writing and can improve students creatively and build their
imagination. The researcher choose comic strips as a technique to improve writing narrative
text of the tenth grade students of SMAN 2 Nganjuk. Comic books were chosen because most
students like comic books, because it consists of interesting pictures and stories. They can
easy to understand it. Pictures in the comic books can help the students to visualize and
construct story ideas to be written, so narrative writing activity will be easy. Furthermore, it
can be combined to this narrative writing activity.
According to Liu (2004: 226) Comic is an art form using a series of static image in fixed
sequence. There are two kinds of comics, comic strips and comic books. A comic strip is
defined in this study as series of pictures inside boxes that tell a story. While comic books are
collection of stories that have picture consist of one or more titles as themes.
Based on the above description, the author would like to do research by the title ‘’ The
Effectiveness Student’s Writing Skill of Narrative Text Throught Comic Strips at the Tenth
Grade Students of SMAN 2 Nganjuk in the Academic Year of 2018/2019 ‘’
B. Objectives of Research
Based on the problems above, there are some objectives which the researcher needs to
describe the objective of the research are :
1. To know the achievement of student’s writing skill of narrative text before
using comic strips technique at the tenth grade students of SMAN 2 Nganjuk in the
academic year of 2018/2019
2. To know the achievement of student’s writing skill of narrative text after using
comic strips technique at the tenth grade students of SMAN 2 Nganjuk in the
academic year of 2018/2019
3. To know the significant difference before and after using comic strips
technique at the tenth grade students of SMAN 2 Nganjuk in the academic year of
2018/2019
2. Assumption
The are some assumptions as follows :
a. The students have never been taught in writing narrative text by using comic
strips.
b. The students are just taught by tradisional method.
Furthermore, Harmer (2004: 84) also said that the purpose of writing
activity must emphasize on the chance which is given to the students for being a
fluent writer because the aim of teaching writing is to make the students
confident in writing their own text.
d. Assessing Writing
According to Hyland (2003: 213), assessment refers to the variety of ways used
to collect information on a learner’s language ability or achievement.
Moreover, he said that there are five main reasons for evaluating learners:
1. Placement
To provide information that will help to place the students into appropriate
classes.
2. Diagnostic
To identify the students’ writing strengths and weaknesses and to be used as
a part of needs assessment.
3. Achievement
To enable learners to show the writing progress they have made in their
course.
4. Performance
To give information about the students’ ability in performing particular
writing tasks.
5. Proficiency
To assess a student’s general level of competence but these are not based on
a particular writing course.
In assessing the student’s writing, the researcher adapted the scoring rubric
proposed by Jacob et al., (as cited in Wiegle, 2000).
Score
4 3 2 1
Criteria
Content Relevant to Mostly Inadequate Not enough
assigned topic, relevant to development to topic or
comprehensive the topic of topic not enough
detail but lacks to evaluate
detail
Organization Well organized, Loosely Lack logical Does not
logical organized, sequencing communicate, no
sequencing incomplete and organization or
cohesive but logical development, not enough to
sequencing, ideas evaluate
choppy disconnected
Language Few errors of Occasional Frequent Dominant
Use agreement errors of errors of errors of
tenses, patterns, agreement agreement agreement
articles, tenses, tenses, tenses,
pronouns, patterns, patterns, patterns,
preposition articles, articles, articles,
pronouns, pronouns, pronouns,
preposition preposition, preposition,
but meaning or not
meaning confused or enough to
not obscured evaluate
obscured
Good word Occasional Occasional Dominant
form mastery errors in errors in errors in word
and word form word form form mastery
appropriate mastery and mastery and and
word choice appropriate appropriate appropriate
word choice word choice, word choice,
but meaning meaning or not enough
obscured confused or to evaluate
obscured
Few errors in Occasional Frequent Dominant
spelling, errors in errors in errors in
punctuation, spelling, spelling, spelling,
capitalization, punctuation, punctuation, punctuation,
paragraphing capitalization, capitalization, capitalization,
paragraphing paragraphing paragraphing
or not enough
to evaluate
3. Comic Strips
a. Definition of Comic Strips
Comic Strips are series of adjacent drawn images, usually arranged
horizontally, that are designed to be read as a narrative or a chronological
sequence (Encyclopedia Britannica). Words may be introduced within or near
each image, or they may be dispensed with altogether. If words functionally
dominate the image, it then becomes merely illustration to a text.
According to McCloud (2008: 3), comic is a literature of drawings. Comic
strips are a composition or other images in purposeful sequence and they have an
aim to convey information and visual response in the view. According to Mallia
(as cited in Beard and Rhodes, 2002), comic is a narrative text told by way of
sequences of pictures which has continue cast from one sequence to the next and
the enclosure of dialogue and/or text within the pictures. The vocabulary is the
whole visual symbols.
b. Advantages of Comic Strips
Comic strips are considered as visual materials. According to Jun Liu (as
cited in Arroyani, 2010), comic strips are good materials because comic strips can
motivate students’ interest. It was supported by Drolet (2010), who said that the
effect of Comic Strips is it can motivate the students in learning second language.
In addition, Csabay (2006: 4) said that comic is not only amuse and make the
students interested in, but also can be used as media in education. Comic can help
the students deal with spoken or written language.
Comic Strips also help the students in generating ideas and finding words for
their writing. Using Comic Strips can stimulate the students’ brain and make it
easier for the students to find the idea and inspiration about what they are going to
write because Comic Strips contain pictures and some dialogues which are put in
to several panels.
Furthermore, the dialogues that are put in Comic Strips can make the
students able to find the words that they want to use in their writing easily. The
dialogues contain many words that show what actually happen with the character,
so that the students can pick some words that are already stated in the bubbles and
put them into their writing by considering the spelling and the grammatical rules
of their writing. Besides, Comic Strips also help them to enrich their vocabulary
mastery.
4. Narrative Text
a. Definition of Narrative Text
According to Anderson (1998: 3), a narrative is a text that tells a story, in
doing so, entertains the audience. According to Sadler and Hayllar (as cited in
Arroyani, 2010), narrative is telling a story. The social function of narrative text is
to entertain or amuse the readers. A narrative text should have many parts or
generic structure namely orientation, complication, and resolution.
According to Anderson (1998: 3), the grammatical features of narrative text
are:
1. Nouns that identify the specific characters and places in the story
2. Adjectives that provide accurate descriptions of the characters and
settings.
3. Verbs that show the actions that occur in the story.
4. Time words that connect events, telling when they occurred.
b. How to Teach Narrative Text
There are many activities that can be conducted in teaching narrative texts,
especially in teaching writing skills. In teaching narrative, the teachers are
introduced to the example and the generic structure of narrative text. They also
showed the language features of narrative text to the students. After the students
are clearly understand the example, the generic structure, and the language feature
of narrative text, the students are given activities by doing the tasks about writing
narrative text.
Concerning with the use of comic strips in teaching narrative, the students
are asked to look at narrative texts, identify the generic structure and the language
feature of the text, and then the students are also asked to complete a narrative
text which is written based on the Comic Strips. Then finally the students are
demanded to write full narrative text based on the comic strips given.
5. Previous Research
There have been some researchers done related to this research is:
1. Fika Megawati. 2012. The implementation of comic strips in teaching writing
through a collaborative classroom action research in class XII of Language
Program at MAN Bangil. The study was conducted because she found out that
the students’ writing ability in narrative texts was unsatisfactory. Most of the
students could not pass the minimum passing criterion. The students were also
unmotivated to write narrative texts and it was also difficult for them to make
their own writing. The procedures which were followed when she conducted
the study were planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. The finding
shows that teaching writing using comic strips could successfully improve
student’s ability in writing.
6. Conceptual Framework
The research’s conceptual framework was formed based on the theoretical
reviews and the theories of the research. The research took place in SMAN 2
Nganjuk, particularly in class X IPS 1 because the students had low ability in
writing narrative texts. To improve the students’ ability in writing narrative texts,
the researcher used Comic Strips. Comic Strips are useful to increase the students’
ability to write narrative texts because by using comic strips, it is easier for the
students to get the idea of what they want to write. Comic Strips provide dialogues
in the bubbles which represent what the characters say. It means that by using
Comic Strips, it is easy for the students to know what is actually told in the story.
Using Comic Strips also makes the students get the idea of that they are going to
write easily.
7. Hyphotesis
The hyphotesis of this research can be related as follow the use of comic
strips technique can influence students’ writing narrative text at the tenth grade of
SMAN 2 Nganjuk in the academic year of 2018/2019
. CHAPTER III
RESEACRH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design
The design of this research is pre-experimental design by using quantitative.
The researcher just uses an experimental class. It means that the researcher doesn’t
use a contol class. The researcher compares the result of pre test and post test. it can
be seen from the following figure :
T1 X T2
Figure 2.1. Design of The study One Grup Pre Test and Post Test
Where :
T1 : pre test
X : treatment
T2 : post test
B. Research Procedure
Some procedures are used in this research are :
a. Preparation
The researcher ask permisson to the side of school to conduct the research in SMAN 2
Nganjuk in the academic year of 2018/2019 that will be conducted on May. After
that, the researcher makes the schedule to do the research by making a discussion
with the English teacher.
b. Pre test
The researcher conducts a test to know the result of value before using Comic
Strips.
c. Treatment
The treatmemt is conducted after doing pre test. in this treatment, the Comic
Strips is also introduced and applicated.
d. Post test
The researcher conducts a test to know the result of value after using Comic
Strips.
a. Independent Variable
The independent variable of the research is the influence of Comic Strips.
b. Dependent Variable
The dependent variable of the research is students’ writing skill in narrative text.
a. Population
The Population of this research is all students at the tenth grade of SMAN 2
Nganjuk in the academic year of 2018/2019. The total population of this research is
288 students in two departments.
b. Sample
The sample of this research will take from one of class at the tenth grade of
SMAN 2 Nganjuk in the academic year of 2018/2019 from each departments. The
researcher uses random technique to take sample.
F. Research Instrument
The researcher just uses test and documentation in research instrument.
a. Test
The researcher gives a test in experimental class to know the result of the
influence of Comic Strips toward students’ writing skill in narrative text.
b. Documentation
The researcher uses documentation method that used is documents related to
students’ result at the tenth grade of SMAN 2 Nganjuk in the academic year of
2018/2019.
G. Data Analysis
The researcher uses a quantittaive data which is related to numerals and it is
analyzed by statistics. The researcher uses t-tes formula by Suharsimi Arikunto
(2010) to calculate the data by comparing students’ pre test and post test. the t – test
formula as follow :
Where :
Md : mean from the differentiation between pre test and post test (post test – pre
test)
Xd : deviation from each subject (d-Md)
∑x2d : number of deviation quadrate
N : sample of subject
d.b : N – 1 determined
after collecting data, the data are processed and analyzed by the following steps :
can be gotten from calculating each value that was qaudrated than will be
reduced . As follow :
For db (derajat bebas), we can get from the formula db = N-1 for checking it on t tabel. In
this research to determine the hyphothesis are accepted or rejected, it uses 5 % of significance
standart.
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