Introduction

IME 1205: Materials Science

2019 - 10
Danny Illera Perozo M. Sc.
Introduction to Materials Science

Course Description
 Lectures
Lecturer: Danny Illera Perozo M. Sc.
Office Hours: M/T: 2:30 P.M. – 4:30 P.M.
Office:
Biofuels Lab - 6th Floor, Building K
Department of Mechanical Engineering - 8th Floor,
Building K
Email: dillera@uninorte.edu.co
 Schedule
Week Topic
1-2 1. Introduction to Materials Science
3 2. Atomic Structure and Interatomic Bonding
4-5 3. Structure of Metals and Ceramics
5 Exam 1
6 4. Polymer Structures
7 5. Imperfections in Solids
8-9 6. Diffusion in Solids
10 - 11 7. Deformation and Strengthening Mechanisms
11 Exam 2
12 8. Fracture
13 - 14 9. Phase Diagrams and Phase Transformations
15 - 16 10. Composite Materials
17 - 18 Final Exam
 Grading
3 Test/Exams: 75%

Lab Sessions: 10%

Quizzes and Homeworks: 15%

 Course Materials
 William F. Smith, and Javad Hashemi. Foundations of
materials science and engineering. McGraw-Hill, 2011.

 Callister Jr, William D., and David G. Rethwisch.

Fundamentals of materials science and engineering: an
integrated approach. John Wiley & Sons, 2012.

 Askeland, Donald R., Pradeep P. Fulay, and Wendelin J.

Wright. The Science and Engineering of Materials. CT:
Cengage Learning, 2011.
Introduction to Materials Science

The Big Picture

 What is an engineering material?

Source: http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/principles-of-general-chemistry-v1.0/section_05/25a5803bcc839c477a5771ddfccc1d2c.jpg
Introduction
 Introduction
Fracture Path Top View

Boom

Arm

Right Rear View Manhole Plate Left Rear View

Maury, H., Illera, D., Pugliese, V., Wilches, J., & Gómez, H. (2018). Failure assessment of a weld-cracked mining excavator boom. Engineering Failure Analysis, 90, 47-63.
 The “Properties” of a Material

Material
Properties

Mechanical Thermal Electrical Magnetic Optical Deteriorative

Electromagnetic
Force Heat Electric Field Magnetic Field Radiation Environment

Stimulus
 Properties of a Material
Issues to address:

How do materials respond to the application of a stimuli?

How do we define and measure material properties?

Why do the material properties of ceramics, metals, and

polymers differ?
Engineering Materials

Metals

Composites

Ceramics Polymers
 Material’s Timeline

Materials Selection in Mechanical Design (Fourth Edition), Michael F. Ashby,, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2011
What is Materials Science?

Stimuli Material Responses

Properties

Structure Processing
The “Structure” of a Material
Engineering Materials

Brief Description
 Ceramics

Al2O3 + SiO2 SiO2 + B2O3 Al2O3

Si SiC CaO + Al2O3 + SiO2 + Fe2O3

Ceramics
 Metals
Metals

Ferrous Non Ferrous

Steel Cast Irons

(C < 2%) (2% < C < 4%)
Metals
 Polymers
Polymers
ABS

Thermoplastic Thermoset Elastomer

Polyester

Polycarbonate

Polyethylene Polymethylmethacrylate Rubber

Polymers
Introduction to Materials Science

Mechanical Properties
Mechanical Properties
Strain (Elastic/Plastic)

Force Black Box

Fracture

Elastic Strain Plastic Strain

Mechanical Properties

Not Stiff Enough! → Low E

Not Strong Enough! → Low σy

Not Tough Enough! → Low KIC

 Mechanical Properties
1000
Composites
Technical ceramics

100

10
Young's modulus (GPa)

Non-technical ceramics Metals and alloys

1

0.1 Polymers

0.01

0.001

Elastomers

500 1000 2000 5000 10000 20000

Density (kg/m^3)
 Mechanical Properties
1000
Composites

Polymers
Yield strength (elastic limit) (MPa)

100

Technical ceramics

10

Metals and alloys

Elastomers
Non-technical ceramics

0.1

500 1000 2000 5000 10000 20000

Density (kg/m^3)
 Mechanical Properties
100

Composites
Metals and alloys

10 Polymers
Fracture toughness (MPa.m^1/2)

Technical ceramics

0.1 Non-technical ceramics

0.01
Elastomers

500 1000 2000 5000 10000 20000

Density (kg/m^3)
Introduction to Materials Science

Thermal Properties
 Thermal Properties

Heat Black Box Strain

http://ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu/webproj/212_spring_2015/Lindsey_Kromrey/Lindsey_Kromrey/Conc%20Blowups.jpg
https://toolkit.climate.gov/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/BuckledRail.jpg?itok=n8yTM6rZ
 Thermal Properties
Elastomers

Polymers
Thermal expansion coefficient (µstrain/°C)

100

Metals and alloys

10

Non-technical ceramics

Technical ceramics
1

Composites

500 1000 2000 5000 10000 20000

Density (kg/m^3)
 Thermal Properties

Heat Black Box Transfer of Energy

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Space_Shuttle_Discovery_(STS-114_'Return_to_Flight')_approaches_the_International_Space_Station.jpg
 Thermal Properties

100

Metals and alloys

Thermal conductivity (W/m.K)

10
Technical ceramics
Composites

Non-technical ceramics
Elastomers
1

0.1
Polymers

500 1000 2000 5000 10000 20000

Density (kg/m^3)
 Thermal Properties

Heat Black Box Storage of Energy

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Space_Shuttle_Discovery_(STS-114_'Return_to_Flight')_approaches_the_International_Space_Station.jpg
 Thermal Properties
Elastomers
2000 Polymers

Metals and alloys

1000
Technical ceramics
Specific heat capacity (J/kg.K)

Non-technical ceramics
500

200

500 1000 2000 5000 10000 20000

Density (kg/m^3)
 Thermal Properties
Technical ceramics

2000

Non-technical ceramics

1000
Melting point (°C)

500

200

Metals and alloys

100 Polymers

500 1000 2000 5000 10000 20000

Density (kg/m^3)