Post Weld Heat Treatment Procedure PWHT

Doc No : ATS-PWHT-001
AMIGOS TECHNICAL SERVICES ( S ) PTE LTD

POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT PROCEDURE Revision No : 01
Date :
POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT PROCEDURE
DESCRIPTION NAME SIGNATURE
PREPARED BY
REVIEWD BY
APPROVED BY
REVISION STATUS
S.NO REVISION No. DATE DESCRIPTION
Page 1 of 11
Date :
CONTENTS
Page
1. Scope…………………………………………………………………………… 3
2. Heating Item / Work Volume, Location, Schedule…………………………. 3
3. Applicable Code & Specification…………………………………………….. 3
4. Heat Treatment ( PWHT ) Method…………………………………………… 3–4
5. Temperature Monitoring………………………………………………………. 4
6. Precautions…………………………………………………………………….. 4
7. Important Measures During PWHT………………………………………..... 5
8. Temperature Ranges....……………………………………………………… 5
9. Temperature Control System………………………………………………… 6
10. Personnel’s Qualification…………………………………………………….. 6
11. Report / Documentation……………………………………………………… 6
12. Heat Treatment Equipment…………………………………………………. 7
Appendix 1 Sketch : Width of Heated & Insulted Zone ( LOCAL PWHT )
Appendix 2 Thermocouple Locations ( LOCAL PWHT )
Attachments : PWHT Report Form ( Specimen )
Page 2 of 11
Date :
1. Scope
This document covers the procedure for PWHT Work of High Pressure Piping system
Weld joints by localized heating method for carbon and manganese steel, alloy steel
materials and castings.
2. HEATING ITEM / WORK VOLUME, LOCATION, SCHEDULE
HEATING ITEM
Various sizes of piping welds range from Ø0.75” ~ Ø16”

Thickness range : Less than 50.8mm
Also structural weld joints of varying thickness
3. APPLICABLE CODE & SPECIFICATION
1. ASME code Section VIII Div.1 2001 ED , chapter UCS-56

2. ASME B31.3
3. DNV-OS-C101 or DNV-OS-C201
4. AWS D1.1
5. Client’s Specification
4. HEAT TREATMENT ( PWHT ) METHOD
4–1 Weld Joints shall be locally heat-treated in such manner that the entire
Band be brought up uniformly to the required temperature and held for
the specified period of time, in accordance with the codes specifications
stated in the above section 3.
4–2 Minimum Required Heated Band Width:
1. In Local PWHT of Butt Weld Joint, the minimum width of the

Circumferential Heat Band, measured from CENTRE of the
Weld, shall extend 2.5ѵRT beyond the edge of the weld.
( R = inside Diameter in mm ; T = pipe wall thickness in mm )
2. In Local PWHT of welded Branch Connection, the minimum
Width of the heated band shall extend at least 2.5ѵRT beyond
The edge of the weld joining the branch or attachment to the
run pipe.
3. In local PWHT of Bend or formed sections, the minimum width
Of the heated band shall extend to 2.5ѵRT on each side of the
Bent or formed area.
Page 3 of 11
Date :
4. HEAT TREATMENT ( PWHT ) METHOD – CON’T
4–3 Thermal Insulation:

(a) The insulation width, measured from the center of the weld,
Shall extend at least 5ѵRT beyond the edge of the weld.
(b) Density of 128Kg/m3 Ceramic fiber insulation blanket shall be
Used the thermal insulation.
(c) The insulation blanket will be kept in position with iron or steel
Wire.
(d) Wherever possible, the ends of piping should be sealed to
Prevent internal air currents from creating excessively high
Thermal gradients through the thickness of the piping.
(e) After heat treatment , all materials shall be cooled in still air,
Protected from rain and draught.
4–4 Thermocouple Location:
(a) Thermocouple shall be firmly attached to the center of the
Weld zone using a capacitance-discharge type thermocouple
Welder. A demonstration will be carried out upon client’s
Request.
(b) When tack welding thermocouple onto the work piece,
Precautions shall be taken so as not to create defects such as
Undercuts, arc strike, etc and the welded zone shall be
Smoothly finished by grinder after heat treatment.
(c) All thermocouple attachments shall be adequately insulated by
High temperature misreading caused by the effect of radiation.
(d) The miminum number/location of the thermocouple to be
Attached to the work place shall be as follows:
Weld sizes ( NPS ) No.of T/C Locations

(a) D≥6” 1 no 9 O’clock ( center )
(b) 6”<D<16” 2 no 1800 apart ( top & bottom )
Every 600mm from each

(c) D≥ 16” 3 or more other, or in ¼ of the outer
Circumference, whichever
Distance is the smallest.
(pls refer to APPENDIX-2)
Page 4 of 11
Date :
4-4-1 For Structural Joints :

Thermocouple can be placed as per the clients requirement or at a
Regular intervals of 0.5m whichever is suitable
5. TEMPERATURE MONITORING
5–1 Temperature monitoring shall be done by the thermocouples and

Temperature shall be recorded continuously on temperature record
Chart.
6. PRECAUTIONS
6–1 It is vital to highlight the need for adequate support of work piece
Prior to commencing any heat treatment to minimize possible
Misalignment, distortion, collapse or deformation.
6–2 Exposed, machined and threaded surface shall be protected from

Oxidation by applying Anti-Seize and Lubricating Compound prior to
PWHT.
7. IMPORTANT MEASURES DURING PWHT
Upon the occurrence of below-mentioned problems during LOCAL PWHT

Operation, the following should be observed:
FAULT / PROBLEM ACTION NOT ALLOWED CORRECTIVE ACTION
No weather protection Provide proper and

RAIN Provided before heating Adequate weather
Protection before heating
Page 5 0f 11
Date :
8. TEMPERATURE RANGES :
The procedure for PWHT has to be followed for the various steel grades as mentioned
below.
Material Temperature Heating / Soaking Rate of Heating Rate of

Grade Range TIme Cooling
Alloy Steels 705° - 749° 2 Hrs / 25mm wall 100°C / Hrs / 100°C / Hrs /
ASTM A 335 Thickness soaking 25mm wall 25mm wall
P4 2 hrs minimum thickness thickness
705° - 760° 2 Hrs / 25mm wall 100°C / Hrs / 100°C / Hrs /

Thickness soaking 25mm wall 25mm wall
2 hrs minimum thickness thickness



Date :
Page 6 of 11
9. TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM

Temperature will be controlled by combination of program setter (1) which
Generates voltage (mv) equivalent to the electromotive force of “k”
Thermocouple with temperature controller (2), and the Heater (4) will be
Controlled by the difference of thermal electromotive force of thermocouple (5).
Schematic Sketch of Heat Treatment process
Workpiece
Power
Source
‘k’ type
mV On/off
Temperature pulse Power Heater
Program
Controllerpulse Regulator +
Setter
(2) (3) (4)
(1)
Temperature
Recorder
10. PERSONNEL’S QUALIFICATION

Heat Treatment operator shall have at least one year of field experience in the
Heat treatment work described in this Procedure.
Date :
Page 7 of 11
11. REPORT / DOCUMENTATION
11 – 1 A Time-Temperature Record Chart shall be provided for each heat

Treatment operation. Each chart is to show:
(a) Item Identification Number ( Job, Unit, System, ISO, Tag/Piece No.etc
(b) Number of Thermocouples
(c) Time and Date Started
(d) Chart Speed ( inches/hr)
(e) Heating / cooling Rates, Soak Temperature & Soak Time
(f) Model & serial number of temperature recorder , including
date of calibration
(g) Name of operator
(h) The Approval signature of Client’s site representive
11 – 2 A copy of Thermocouple Certificate provided by the supplier and

Calibration Certificate of Temperature Recorder will be attached
Together with the heat treatment Report and temperature chart.
12. HEAT TREATMENT EQUIPMENT’S
12 – 1 Temperature Recorder
It is Chino 12pts recorder calibrated for type “k” chromel / alumel
Temperatures.
The instrument shall be calibrated every 12 months by a third party.
Calibration Certificate shall be submitted to Clients before commencing
Work.
12 – 2 Program Controller
It consists of Chino Program Setter and Chino Temperature Controller.
12 – 3 Thermocouple
It shall be Chromel-Alumel type “k” thermocouple (consumable type,
0.8mmØ, glass fiber varnish finished) for temperature range up to 900°C.
Thermocouple will be attached directly onto metal surface of the work piece
Using a thermocouple Welder. This consumable type of thermocouple gives
The greatest accuracy and weld penetration will be only 0.2mm to 0.3mm.
Date :
Page 8 of 11
12 – 4 Thermocouple Welding Unit

When counsumable type of thermocouple is to used for monitoring
Temperature, it will be attached to the metal surface by capacitance
Discharge from this instrument.
12 – 5 Thermocouple Compensating Lead

It shall be Copper / Constantan when used in conjunction with type “k”
Thermocouple.
12 – 6 Electric Resistance Heater

2.7Kw Ceramic Pad Heaters.
12 – 7 Power Regulator
60Kva Step down Transformer c/w built in ELCB x 6 channels 60 Kva output
12 – 8 High Temperature Ceramic Putty

This is used to insulate the hot junction of thermocouple, so as to avoid
Temperature misreading caused by the effect radiation.
12 – 9 Insulation Blanket
Density of 128Kg/m3 ceramic fiber blanket
Size: 7200L x 600W x 25T (mm) per roll
Maximum services temperature: 1200°C
Date :
Page 9 of 11
APPENDIX – 1
WIDTH OF HEATED & INSULATED ZONES ( FOR LOCAL PWHT )
Heated Band Width
Weld Centre Line Heating Element

2.5ѵRT 2.5ѵRT
Insulation
5ѵRT 5ѵRT
Insulation Width
Where R = Inside Diameter in mm,

T = Pipe Wall thickness in mm.
Date :
Page 10 of 11
APPENDIX – 2
THERMOCOUPLE LOCATIONS ( LOCAL PWHT )
All thermocouples are to be attached on the center of the weld.

1) D ≤ 6” : 1 thermocouple – 9 O’ clock ( CENTRE)
2) 6” < D < 16” : 2 thermocouple ( TOP & BOTTOM )
3) D ≥ 16” : 3 or more thermocouples

( Every 600mm from each other or in ¼ of
The outer circumference, whichever
Distance is the smallest )
600mm
600mm
Date :
Page 11 of 11

Post Weld Heat Treatment Procedure PWHT

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Doc No : ATS-PWHT-001

AMIGOS TECHNICAL SERVICES ( S ) PTE LTD

POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT PROCEDURE

DESCRIPTION NAME SIGNATURE

S.NO REVISION No. DATE DESCRIPTION

2. Heating Item / Work Volume, Location, Schedule…………………………. 3

3. Applicable Code & Specification…………………………………………….. 3

4. Heat Treatment ( PWHT ) Method…………………………………………… 3–4

7. Important Measures During PWHT………………………………………..... 5

9. Temperature Control System………………………………………………… 6

10. Personnel’s Qualification…………………………………………………….. 6

11. Report / Documentation……………………………………………………… 6

12. Heat Treatment Equipment…………………………………………………. 7

Appendix 1 Sketch : Width of Heated & Insulted Zone ( LOCAL PWHT )

Appendix 2 Thermocouple Locations ( LOCAL PWHT )

Attachments : PWHT Report Form ( Specimen )

2. HEATING ITEM / WORK VOLUME, LOCATION, SCHEDULE

Various sizes of piping welds range from Ø0.75” ~ Ø16”

3. APPLICABLE CODE & SPECIFICATION

1. ASME code Section VIII Div.1 2001 ED , chapter UCS-56

4. HEAT TREATMENT ( PWHT ) METHOD

4–2 Minimum Required Heated Band Width:

1. In Local PWHT of Butt Weld Joint, the minimum width of the

4. HEAT TREATMENT ( PWHT ) METHOD – CON’T

4–3 Thermal Insulation:

Weld sizes ( NPS ) No.of T/C Locations

(b) 6”<D<16” 2 no 1800 apart ( top & bottom )

Every 600mm from each

4-4-1 For Structural Joints :

5–1 Temperature monitoring shall be done by the thermocouples and

6–2 Exposed, machined and threaded surface shall be protected from

7. IMPORTANT MEASURES DURING PWHT

Upon the occurrence of below-mentioned problems during LOCAL PWHT

FAULT / PROBLEM ACTION NOT ALLOWED CORRECTIVE ACTION

No weather protection Provide proper and

Material Temperature Heating / Soaking Rate of Heating Rate of

705° - 760° 2 Hrs / 25mm wall 100°C / Hrs / 100°C / Hrs /

705° - 749° 2 Hrs / 25mm wall 100°C / Hrs / 100°C / Hrs /

730° - 790° 2 Hrs / 25mm wall 100°C / Hrs / 100°C / Hrs /

590° - 650° 1 Hrs / 25mm wall 222°C / Hrs / 222°C / Hrs /

9. TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM

Schematic Sketch of Heat Treatment process

10. PERSONNEL’S QUALIFICATION

11. REPORT / DOCUMENTATION

11 – 1 A Time-Temperature Record Chart shall be provided for each heat

11 – 2 A copy of Thermocouple Certificate provided by the supplier and

12. HEAT TREATMENT EQUIPMENT’S

12 – 4 Thermocouple Welding Unit

12 – 5 Thermocouple Compensating Lead

12 – 6 Electric Resistance Heater

12 – 8 High Temperature Ceramic Putty

WIDTH OF HEATED & INSULATED ZONES ( FOR LOCAL PWHT )

Heated Band Width

Weld Centre Line Heating Element

Where R = Inside Diameter in mm,

THERMOCOUPLE LOCATIONS ( LOCAL PWHT )

All thermocouples are to be attached on the center of the weld.

2) 6” < D < 16” : 2 thermocouple ( TOP & BOTTOM )

3) D ≥ 16” : 3 or more thermocouples

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