The Laws of Human Nature

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㐠Ѝ y ЍȡЍ
㐠Ѝ -
SЍ S 䘟 � �ȡ ЍϝЍ � " S" Ѝȡ¢ Ѝ 瘄繨 �Ѝ 繨㔰瘄㌵ϝ Ѝ Ѝ ϝЍ Ѝ SЍ” S 䘟 �Ѝ
�䁥繨㌵ Ѝ Ѝ繨㔰� S 䘟 "Education" ( 繨¢�S ) 繨㔠 �㔠 ϝu ЍϝЍ � "Educatum"( 繨¢�u) S 䘟 Ѝ
瘄 ȡ繨Ѝ "Educatum"( 繨¢�u) S 䘟 Ѝ � 瘄ϝu ЍϝЍ � E ( ) ȡ繨Ѝ Duco ( ϝ�㔠) S 䘟￀ � Ѝ 瘄 E( )
S 䘟 �Ѝ 繨㔰瘄 ' �䘟 ' Duco ( ϝ�㔠) S 䘟 �Ѝ 繨㔰瘄 ' 繨 Ѝ' ȡ㔠 "Education" �Ѝ SЍ 䘟� 繨㔰
' �䘟繨 Ѝ' 瘄
ϝ� 瘄ϝu ЍϝЍ � "Educare"( 繨¢� ) ȡ繨Ѝ "Educere" ( 繨¢ S ) S 䘟￀ �㔠㌵
"Education"( 繨¢�S ) S 䘟 � ϝ � 㤱 Ѝ㌵�Ѝ ϝ� Ѝ 繨ЍȡЍ 瘄繨 �Ѝ 繨㔰瘄 ' Ḹழ玐ǊЍ Ḹ Ѝ, Ѝϝ Ѝ Ѝ'
䘟ϝ S 䘟￀㤱 � �ȡ 挰 ϝ� " SЍ" S 䘟 �Ѝ 㔠 ȡ Ѝ Ѝ � �㔠香ȡ � S ȡ ￀ �㔠 Ѝ Ѝ
繨ЍЍ Ѝ� ȡ� �㔠 ϝ繨 Ѝ Ѝ 繨ЍȡЍ 瘄 Ѝ ȡ㌵㌵ ϝ ￀ ' Ѝ Ѝϝ⸶Ѝ ⸶Ѝ Ѝyழ⸶Ḹ' � � SЍ �㔠
¢ ȡ �Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ 瘄 SЍ Ѝ � 㤱香ȡ 㔰ϝ ȡ S ȡ ￀ �㔠 Ѝ � 香㤱 ϝϝ㔰 Ѝ� ȡ � ȡ㌵瘄
㐠Ѝ 繨香 Ѝ쳌Ѝ⸶ -
1. Ѝ䁛 � ¢ Ѝ , “ SЍ � ϝ繨 Ѝ 瘄繨 � ЍЍ Ѝ � Ѝ � ㌵ S ȡ ￀ �Ѝ Ѝ�Ѝ � ȡЍ 瘄
P r �ЍS
e p a r e �ЍdЍ b y Ȳ- Ѝ Ѝ y ㌵ Ѝ � Ѝ ЍЍ �Ȳ �㔰Ѝ Ѝ 9 6 7 2Ѝ 9 1 0 0 0 2 Page
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2. ЍЍ㌵ ЍЍ�Ѝ �䘟 � ¢ Ѝ , “ ¢ 㤱香ȡ 㔰ϝ ȡ ϝϝ㔰ȡЍ �㔠 ȡ � Ѝ ㌀ SЍ 瘄 ”

3. Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ� ㌵ � ¢ Ѝ , “ SЍ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ � Ѝ ¢ �S ㌀ , ȡ � Ѝ Ѝ �
ЍЍ ㌵ϝ Ѝ� Ѝ䁥 ȡ Ѝ�Ѝ 瘄 ”
4. ȡ¢ � ¢ Ѝ , “ Ѝ 繨 S ㌀㤱 Ѝ 繨 ȡ � �Ѝ Ѝ㔰ϝ � Ѝ ㌀ SЍ 瘄 ”
5. uЍ䁛 Ѝ䁛繨㌵ � ¢ Ѝ , “Ѝ Ѝ �㔠 �ȡ � S ȡ ￀ �Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ� Ѝ Ѝ�繨 ϝϝ㔰 ȡS㌵ Ѝ�Ѝ
㌀ SЍ 瘄 ”
6. u㔰香 � ¢ Ѝ , “ SЍ ȡЍ 㔰瘄香ȡ 㔰ϝ ȡ S ȡ ￀ ȡ繨Ѝ ЍЍ 繨 ȡ � 賀香Ѝ
繨Ѝ ȡ � Ѝ 瘄 ”
y ЍȡЍ
㔠 ЍȡЍ S 䘟 �Ѝ SЍ 䘟� 繨㔰 ‘ �Ѝ ЍȡЍ ’ 瘄㔠 ЍȡЍ S 䘟 �Ѝ �䁥繨㌵ Ѝ Ѝ繨㔰� S 䘟

“Psychology” ( Ѝy�㔠 l繨㌵) 瘄繨㔠 �㔠 ϝ Ѝ ㌵ (䁥㌵�) ЍϝЍ � S 䘟￀ “Psyche”( Ѝy�) “Logos”( 㔠 Ѝ ) �
Ѝ 瘄 Psyche ( Ѝy�) S 䘟 �Ѝ 繨㔰 “ Ѝ” Logos ( 㔠 Ѝ ) S 䘟 �Ѝ 繨㔰㔠ȡЍ 瘄 “ 賀 ”
ȡ㔠㔠 ЍȡЍ �Ѝ SЍ 䘟� 繨㔰瘄 – “ Ѝ �Ѝ 賀 ”
y ЍȡЍ 繨香 Ѝ쳌Ѝ⸶ -
1. ЍЍu � ¢ Ѝ , “ 㔠 ЍȡЍ , Ѝ Ѝ �Ѝ ȡ Ѝ S¢ ЍȡЍ 瘄 ”

2. Ѝ¢ȲЍ繨㔰 � ¢ Ѝ , “ 㔠 ЍȡЍ , ЍЍȡЍЍ ϝ � � �㔰㤱㔠 ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ ￀ �Ѝ ЍȡЍ 瘄 ”
3. 瘄Ȳϝ � ¢ Ѝ , “ 㔠 ЍȡЍ ,  ϝ Ѝ� Ѝ Ѝ �Ѝ 繨Ѝ繨㔰 ЍȡЍ 瘄 ”
4. 繨㔠香Ȳ 繨㔠 � ¢ Ѝ , “ 㔠 ЍȡЍ Ѝ Ѝ - Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ � 香￀ �Ѝ 賀瘄 ”
5. 㔠 � � ¢ Ѝ , “ 㔠 ЍȡЍ Ѝ Ѝ � ȡ �Ѝ 賀瘄 ”
6. � � ¢ Ѝ , “ 㔠 ЍȡЍ , Ѝ Ѝ ¢ Ѝ �Ѝ ЍȡЍ 瘄 ”
7. � ¢ Ѝ ,“ ¢ � 㔠 ЍȡЍ �Ѝ � 香 Ѝ Ѝ �㔠 Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � ϝ㔠繨瘄 ”
8. 瘄 Ѝ 香 � ¢ Ѝ , “ 㔠 ЍȡЍ �Ѝ � 香 Ѝ Ѝ - Ѝ Ѝ 瘄 ”
9. ЍȲ㔰 ⸲㔸 � ¢ Ѝ , “ 㔠 ЍȡЍ Ѝ ЍȡЍ 瘄, 繨㔠繨㌵ Ѝȡ ȡ ￀ �Ѝ � ЍЍȡЍЍ ϝ � ȡ
¢ϝ繨 Ѝ � �Ѝ 賀 � ȡЍ 瘄 ”
㐠Ѝ y ЍȡЍ
SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ 䘟㔠 S 䘟￀ � Ѝ 瘄, SЍ+ 㔠 ЍȡЍ 繨 �Ѝ SЍ 䘟� 繨㔰瘄, " SЍ

� 香 ȡ 㔠 ЍȡЍ " SЍ � 香㌵㔠 ЍȡЍ 繨Ѝ㔰ȡ SЍ �㔠 ϝ繨 Ѝ 㤱 Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ �Ѝ 賀
� ЍЍ Ѝ ЍȡЍ 瘄
SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ � 香ȡ 㔰ȡ 㔠 ЍȡЍ � � ￀, Ѝ�ȡ㔠 ȡ繨Ѝ Ѝ䁥￀ �Ѝ 㔠 S瘄Ȫϝ� 繨ȡ ￀
�㔠香 ȡ Ѝ � ϝ� Ѝ 繨ЍȡЍ 瘄 y �Ѝ 㔠 ЍȡЍ � Ѝ香ȡ￀ �Ѝ SЍ � 㤱㔠 � Ѝ ㌀
SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ � ЍȡЍ 瘄
Ѝ
Ѝ ЍЍ
ЍЍ 㔠ϝ
㔠ϝ ЍЍ ㌵�Ѝ
㌵�Ѝ � �㔰
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 SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ S瘄Ѝ� 繨 ȡ ￀㤱 Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ �Ѝ 賀 � ȡЍ 瘄

 SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ Sϝ 䁥 �㔠 ϝ繨 Ѝ �㔠䁥 � Ѝ ¢ ЍȡЍ 瘄
 SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 � ȡ Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � ,瘄￀ϝ� y � 賀㤱 Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � Ѝ䁥￀ �Ѝ 㔠㔠ȡЍ 瘄
 SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ 㤱㔠 ЍȡЍ � Ѝ�ȡ㔠 Ѝ Ѝ䁥￀ �Ѝ 㔠㔠ȡЍ 瘄
 㔠 ЍȡЍ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ �Ѝ 賀 � ȡЍ 瘄 SЍ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ 㤱 Ѝȡ㔰 � ȡ㌵ ,瘄 ȡ㔠 SЍ
㔠 ЍȡЍ 㤱 � 香瘄
 SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ �Ѝ �㤱 Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ 瘄
 SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ ϝ㔠繨 ϝ ЍЍȡ ȡ ￀ �Ѝ �䁥 � ȡЍ 瘄
 SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ � ㌀ȡ ȡЍ �㔠 Ѝ香ȡ 䘟ȡЍ 瘄
 SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ SЍ �㔠 Ѝ � Ѝ Ѝ � ȡ ￀ �Ѝ ȡ Ѝ䘟 � ȡЍ 瘄
㐠Ѝ y ЍȡЍ 繨香 Ѝ쳌Ѝ -
1. u㌀⸲ � ¢ Ѝ , “ SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ S瘄Ȫϝ� Ѝ�Ѝ �Ѝ 繨 � 賀瘄 ”
2. 繨㔠香Ȳ 繨㔠 � ¢ Ѝ , “ SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ , ȡ � 繨香 � Ѝ ЍЍ 繨Ѝ ȡ� � ¢ Ѝ￀ �Ѝ Ѝϝ㔰 ȡ繨Ѝ
Ѝ[ Ѝ � ȡЍ 瘄 ”
3. � � ¢ Ѝ , “ SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ � 香ȡ 㔰ȡ SЍ � 香 ȡ � ϝϝ㔰 Ѝ Ѝ ȡ Ѝ
繨ЍȡЍ 瘄 ”
4. �l �� ¢ Ѝ , “ 㔠 ЍȡЍ � Ѝ香ȡ￀ Ѝ ϝЍ￀ �Ѝ SЍ � 㤱 ¢ 㔠㌀
SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ � ЍȡЍ 瘄 ”
5. l Ѝ u ⸲㔠Ȳ㔰 � ¢ Ѝ , “ SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ �Ѝ ¢[ � 香㌵ϝ 瘄㔠 ЍȡЍ �Ѝ Ѝ � 瘄,
繨㔠 SЍ � 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � ¢ � �㔠 Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � ϝ㔠繨 ЍSϝ � 香 ȡ 瘄 ”
y ЍȡЍ Ḹ R㜷 y 香 Ѝழ㜷 -
Ѝ � � Ѝ 繨Ѝ 㤱㔠 ЍȡЍ 䘟S㔰 SЍ �㔠 � SЍϝЍ � 㤱繨Ѝ ϝ� 䘟S㔰 SЍ 㔠 �
Ѝ䘟 y �Ѝ � Ѝȡ� Ѝϝ � 㤱䘟 ¢ 䘟S㔰 SЍ 㔠 �㔠 ϝ繨 Ѝ 㤱㔠 ЍȡЍ � 繨㔰
䁥 ϝ ϝ� 繨香㤱 � �Ѝ �ȡ 瘄 :-
1. ǊyЍ Ѝ ЍȡЍ - 16 Ѝ㌵� SȡЍ 䘟㌀㤱㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 Ѝ �Ѝ ЍȡЍ � Ѝ Ѝ y 繨㔰 � 繨㔰�
Ѝ u㔠, u㔠u , ȡ¢, Ȳ�Ѝu ϝ䘟䘟ЍS㔰 � 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � 繨 ϝ� Ѝ Ѝ 瘄? y �㔠 � ȡ Ѝ ЍЍ
Ѝ 瘄? Ѝ y 䘟ϝЍ 繨Ѝ �ȡЍ 瘄? 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ �￀ ЍЍ Ѝ y ￀� ȡ 䘟㤱繨㔰ȡЍ � �Ѝ ϝ 16Ѝ㌵�
SȡЍ 䘟㌀㤱㔠 ЍȡЍ �Ѝ 繨㔰 Ѝ㌵�ȡ � ϝ䘟 Ѝ Ѝ
2. y ⸶Ѝ y香䁢ழ Ѝ ЍȡЍ - 17 Ѝ㌵� SȡЍ 䘟㌀㤱㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 Ѝ ȡ � �Ѝ ЍȡЍ � Ѝ Ѝ y 繨㔰
�Ѝ 繨㔰� yu ㌀ � 䘟ЍS㔰 � l� 㔠 l繨㌵ � ЍЍЍ l� �㔰㌀㌵ ¢ϝ 繨 ϝ� Ѝ
ȡ � Ѝ 瘄? y �Ѝ 賀 ϝ� �Ѝ ϝ� Ѝ 繨Ѝ �ȡЍ 瘄? �㔠㐶㌵ Ѝ ЍЍ �㔠 � ȡ ȡ繨Ѝ ЍЍ �Ѝ
Ѝ㔰 ϝ ㌀� �Ѝ, y ￀� 繨 �㔠 u ㌀� � Ѝ � �Ѝ ϝ 㔠 ЍȡЍ �Ѝ 繨㔰㌵ Ѝ㌵�Ѝ
� ϝ䘟 Ѝ Ѝ ȡ㔠 ЍϝЍ ㌵ Ѝ香 ȡЍ ㌀ Ѝ �㔠
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�ЍS �ЍЍ Ȳ Ѝ Ѝ ㌵ � Ѝ � �㔰 9672910002 Page 3
3. Ḹழ Ѝ Ѝ ЍȡЍ - 19 Ѝ㌵� SȡЍ 䘟㌀㤱㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 ȡ Ѝ �Ѝ ЍȡЍ � Ѝ Ѝ y 繨㔰 � 繨㔰�

Ѝ 繨� , Ѝ Ѝ¢�u, ЍЍ㐶繨�  ㌀ ϝ䘟㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � ¢ϝ 繨 y香￀ �Ѝ ȡ �㔠
㌀ Ѝȡ �㔠 , y �Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ 繨Ѝ, ϝ� 㔠 ЍȡЍ ¢ �㔠 ȡ ϝ繨 Ѝ �Ѝ 賀 � ȡЍ 瘄繨 ϝ� Ѝ Ȳ
㔠Ѝ ϝϝ ЍЍ䘟㤱 ȡ � ЍЍЍ ȡ Ѝ 㔰 ȡ � Ѝ 㤱㌵ ȡЍ Ѝ Ѝ 瘄㔠 ЍȡЍ �Ѝ
ȡ �Ѝ ㌀㌀, � ȡ Ѝȡ ϝ䘟 ϝ繨 Ѝ �Ѝ 賀㌵ � ȡЍ 瘄繨 y香￀㤱
�㔠㐶 Ѝ㔰㌀� �㔠 ȡ㔠㔠 ЍȡЍ �Ѝ 繨㔰㌵ ȡ 㔠 � �Ѝ ϝ Ѝ㌵�Ѝ � ϝ䘟 Ѝ Ѝ
瘄Ȳϝ ㌵ ¢ ȡ� ' u Ѝy Ѝy�㔠 l繨㌵' 㤱 ȡ Ѝ S 䘟 �㔠 �㌵㔠 Ѝ �㔠
4. ⸶ЍϝЍ Ѝ ЍȡЍ - 20 Ѝ㌵� SȡЍ 䘟㌀ � Ѝ � 㤱㔠 ЍȡЍ � � 繨㔰 ¢ Ѝ ,y 㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠
Ѝ Ѝ � ЍȡЍ � Ѝ 㤱 Ѝ㌵�Ѝ ϝ� Ѝ Ѝ Ѝȡ㔰Ѝ 㤱㔠 ЍȡЍ � y ㌵繨㔰 �㔠 Ѝ㔰Ѝ香繨㔰 �
㤱 Ѝ㌵�Ѝ ϝ� Ѝ Ѝ 瘄 y 繨㔰 � 繨㔰� ЍЍЍ , Ѝ¢ȲЍ繨㔰, � ϝ䘟㔠 ЍȡЍ �￀挰
㔠 ЍȡЍ � 繨㔰 Ѝȡ㔰 �㔠 Ѝ¢ȲЍ繨㔰 � �Ѝ Ѝ ϝȡ ϝ� Ѝ 瘄 :-
“ Ѝ㔰繨㔠 ЍȡЍ ㌵ Ѝ �㔠㔠ȲЍ, ϝ⸲ �㔠 Ѝ Ѝ, ϝ⸲ ㌵ ȡ Ѝ ϝ㔠㐶
Ѝ Ѝ � � �㔠 Ѝ ¢ 瘄 ”
繨ЍЍ
" 㔠 ЍȡЍ ㌵ Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ ϝ� Ѝ ϝ⸲ Ѝ ȡ � �Ѝ Ѝ ϝ� Ѝ
� Ѝ䘟 ȡ Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ ϝ� Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ �㔠 Ѝ䁥 �㔠 Ѝ㌵�Ѝ � ȡЍ 瘄 "
㐠Ѝ y ЍȡЍ Ḹ Ḹ昀⸶ -
� SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ � 香￀ �㔠䘟㔠 Ѝ 㔠㤱 Ѝ Ѝ 繨ȡ ϝ� Ѝ 瘄-
1. ЍyЍꀀ⸶ Ḹ昀⸶ -
i. Ѝ�ȡ㔠 �㔠 ϝ㔠繨 ȡ繨Ѝ ȡ ￀ �Ѝ �䁥 � Ѝ
ii. Ѝ �� ȡ Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ�Ѝ � Ѝ
iii. Sϝ �Ѝ 㔰㤱 Ѝ ȡЍ 䘟 Ѝ
iv. Sϝ Ѝ䁥㤱 ¢ Ѝ � Ѝ
v. SЍ � 香 Ѝ  ￀ �㔠 ϝ ȡ㔰 � Ѝ
2. Ѝ 香 Ḹ昀⸶ -
I. Ѝ �㔠 � ȡ Ѝ Ѝ ¢ ϝ ȡ ϝϝ㔰 u�㔠ϝ
II. SЍ � ȡ ￀ Ѝ 香￀ �㔠 ȡ � Ѝ
III. Sϝ ϝЍ 繨Ѝ 㤱 Ѝ ȡЍ � Ѝ
IV. Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ �㔠㤱 Ѝ ȡЍ 䘟 Ѝ
V. Sϝ Ѝ � Ѝ Ѝ ȡ¢ Ѝ�ȡ㔠 �Ѝ ȡЍ
㐠Ѝ y ЍȡЍ Ѝ 㐠Ḹ -
1. Ѝ � �㔠 ЍSϝ 㔠 ȡЍ � �Ѝ 賀
2. Ѝ � � Ѝ�SЍ ¢繨 ЍЍȡЍЍ ϝ �Ѝ 賀
3. Ѝ � � Ѝ�Ѝ �㔠 Ѝ 繨Ѝ � �Ѝ 賀
Ѝ
Ѝ ЍЍ
ЍЍ 㔠ϝ
㔠ϝ ЍЍ ㌵�Ѝ
㌵�Ѝ � �㔰
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4. Ѝ � �㔠䁥 Ѝ Ѝ䁥 �Ѝ 賀
5. Ѝ � �㔠 ϝ Ѝ ȡ ￀ �Ѝ 賀
6. Ѝ � � ЍЍ ㌵ϝ Ѝ�Ѝ �Ѝ 賀
7. Ѝ ㌵, ЍЍ香 �䘟 ¢ Ѝ �￀ �Ѝ 賀
8. Sϝ Ѝ䁥￀� 㔠 � 香㌵賀
9. SЍ � 香￀Ѝ �㔠 ЍЍȡ � � ȡ ㌀�￀ �Ѝ 賀
10. ¢SЍ � 香㌵ Ѝ � �Ѝ 賀
11. Ѝ 繨 Ѝ㔰ϝ � 香 ȡ 賀
12. SЍ �㔠 Ѝ � �Ѝ 賀
13. ㌵ϝ �㔠 ϝ繨 Ѝ � �Ѝ 賀
SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ � �㔠㌵Ѝ 쳌 ㌵ Ѝ㔰 ȡ ㌀㔠 �㔠瘄

㐠Ѝ Ḹ 㐠Ḹ y y ЍȡЍ Ѝ ⸶ Ѝ -
1. 㔠 ЍȡЍ SЍ �㔠 Ѝ -�㤱ϝ ȡ Ѝ� Ѝ � �㔠 Ѝ ϝ䘟 Ѝ
2. Ѝ �㔠 �㔠 Ѝ 香 Ѝ 繨Ѝ � ¢ Sϝ Ѝ䁥￀ �㔠 Ѝ 繨Ѝ �㔠
3. Ѝ �㔠 �㔠 Ѝ䁥 ￀ Ѝ ϝ Ѝ ȡ 㔠 �㔠 SЍ �Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ
4. Ѝ �㔠 �㔠 ȡ ȡ Ѝ 香 ȡЍ �� ¢ Ѝ SЍ �㔠 Ѝ 繨Ѝ �㔠
5. Ѝ 繨 �Ѝ Ѝ㔰ϝ Ѝ �㔠 �㔠 ¢, 䁥 Ѝ ȡ Ѝ ¢ Ѝ ϝ� Ѝ 繨Ѝ Ѝ
6. Ѝ 繨 Ѝ㌵ ϝ繨 Ѝ ϝ䘟 Ѝ Ѝ
7. 䘟香Ȳ � 繨Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ ¢ ϝ ȡ �㔠 ¢SЍ �Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ
8. S� �㔠 SЍ � 香￀ �㔠 Ѝ Ѝȡ ¢㐶 Ѝ ㌀, �㔠繨Ѝ �Ѝ ㌀䘟ȡЍ 瘄
9. ϝ Ѝ�� Ѝ㌵ Ѝ䁥￀ �㔠 ϝ㔠繨 �㔠
Ѝ y
㌵ϝ Ѝ Ѝ 䁥 � Ѝ � ȡȡ Ѝ� 繨㌵Ѝ 㔰香ȡ  ЍЍ ㌀ ϝ繨 Ѝ 瘄 ¢ 繨香 �

Ѝ�ȡ ㌀㌵ϝ Ѝ Ѝ � � 䘟ȡЍ 瘄繨㌵Ѝ �¢ �¢ ㌵ϝȡЍ ȡЍ 瘄㌵㌵ Ѝ
�㔠 ЍЍȡЍЍ ϝ Ѝ 㔠繨ȡ � �Ѝ � ȡЍ 瘄 y Ѝ 㔠繨 � 䘟� Ѝ Ѝ ¢ Ѝ￀
䁥 � Ѝ �Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ � ȡЍ 瘄 y ϝ繨 Ѝ �㔠㔠 ЍȡЍ 㤱㌵ϝ Ѝ � ȡ 挰繨 ȡ 㤱
㌵ϝ �㔠繨ȡ ㌵䁥 � S ȡ 㔠ȡ㌵瘄, ȡ Ѝ ㌀ � 繨㌵Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ�Ѝ 㔠ȡЍ 瘄㌵ϝ �㔠 ϝ繨 Ѝ
㤱 ȡ � ϝ繨 Ѝ � Ѝ� ϝ繨 Ѝ � � ȡЍ 瘄 ȡ㔠㌵ϝ Ѝ ϝ� ㌵繨ȡ � ȡ ϝ繨 ȡϝ繨 Ѝ
瘄
Ѝ y 繨香 Ѝ쳌Ѝ⸶ -
1. � � ¢ Ѝ ,“ 䁥 Ѝ Ѝ 㤱 ȡ 㔠 ȡ Ѝ�繨 �㔠 ϝ繨 Ѝ 瘄 ”
2. Ѝ¢ȲЍ繨㔰 � ¢ Ѝ , “ Ѝ㌵ ȡЍ Ѝ㌵ ȡϝ繨 Ѝ � �㔠 ЍЍȡ � �㔠 ϝ繨 Ѝ ㌀䁥瘄 ”

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3. 繨㔠 Ѝ� 繨㔠 � ¢ Ѝ ,“ 䘟ȡ￀, ȡЍ Ѝȡ � �Ѝ 繨㔰㌀䁥瘄 ”
4. 䁥 ⸲㔠Ȳ㔰 � ¢ Ѝ ,“ Ѝ Ѝ � �Ѝ ϝ Ѝ Ѝ 㤱 Ѝȡ㔰㌀䁥瘄 ”
5. Ѝ Ѝ 香 � ¢ Ѝ ,“ ¢ Ѝ Sϝ ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ 㤱 Ѝȡ㔰㌀䁥瘄 ”
6. Ѝ 㔰 Ѝ� 䁥㌀瘄香Ȳ � ¢ Ѝ ,“ ㌵ϝ Ѝ, ¢ Ѝ� ϝЍ Ѝ Ѝϝ㌵ � Ѝ Ѝ 㤱 Ѝ繨㔰瘄
繨㔠 Ѝϝ㌵ ЍЍ Ѝ �¢ � Ѝ ϝ ϝ� Ѝ 繨ЍȡЍ 瘄 ”
Ѝ y  Ѝ Ѝழ  Ḹ ЍЍ Ḹ Ѝ  -
1. ¢Ѝ㔰䁥
2. Ѝϝ Ѝ ȡ¢ �Ѝ Ѝ
3. Ѝϝ � ȡ 㔠Ѝ ȡ
4. ㌵ϝ �㔠 y Ѝ
5. ㌵ϝ �㔠 Ѝ䁥
6. ϝЍ
7. ЍЍȡЍЍ ϝ
7. 繨�Ѝ
8. SЍ ㌀ � Ѝ Ѝ � ЍЍ 
9. Ѝ�SЍ ¢繨
Ѝ y Ḹ 䁥Ѝழ -
1. Ѝ� ϝ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ ȲЍȲ㔰 . 繨Ѝ 㔰ȲЍy�
2. ϝ ȡ繨Ѝ �ȡ 㔰 u �Ѝ Ѝ香ȡ 繨㔰㌵ � uЍuЍЍ䘟㌀ �㔠
3. ¢�ϝ ȡ ¢ϝ繨 Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ yЍЍ 㔠 Ѝ ЍЍ Ѝ
4. ϝ繨 Ѝ ϝȡ ¢ � �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ �
5. �ȡЍ Ѝ � Ѝ�Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ 繨㌵ Ѝ繨
6. ЍЍ 繨� 䁥 Ѝ�ȡ  u㔰 Ѝ香Ȳϝ Ѝ
7. �  Ѝ � 䁥 �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ 繨㔠 ϝ
⸶Ǌ Ѝ Ѝ 䁥Ѝழ -
Ѝy -
1. 香㌵ - ¢ϝ繨 Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ
2. Ѝ Ѝ� ¢ϝu �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ
3. � 㔠繨 ЍЍ䘟 �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ
4. 䁥 �Ѝ 香 Ѝ�ȡ
5. � � ЍЍ䘟 �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ
6. S-R  㔠㌀
yϝǊЍ 㜷 ழ㤵⸶ -
 Ѝ�ȡ �㔠㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � ‘ ȲЍȲ㔰 . 繨Ѝ 㔰ȲЍy�’ ЍЍ Ѝ ȡ Ѝϝ䘟ȡ ϝ� Ѝ Ѝ
Ѝ
Ѝ ЍЍ
ЍЍ 㔠ϝ
㔠ϝ ЍЍ ㌵�Ѝ
㌵�Ѝ � �㔰
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 Ѝ�ȡ 繨Ѝ 㔰ȲЍy� ЍЍ Ѝ 1913 㐶. 㤱 ϝ䘟 Ѝ Ѝ

 繨Ѝ 㔰ȲЍy� ㌵ ¢ ȡ� “ SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ ” 㤱 y Ѝ�ȡ �Ѝ Ѝϝ㔰 ϝ� Ѝ 挰
 繨Ѝ 㔰ȲЍy� Ѝ 㔠 ϝϝ㌵  ㌀ ϝ� Ѝ
 ϝϝ㌵  ㌀ �㔠繨 l 㤱香 ϝ� Ѝ l �㔠 “ R l ”(Pazzle Box) � ȡ 挰
 㔠繨 Ѝ 香㌵ � � 㤱繨Ѝ 㔰ȲЍy� “ ㌀” �㔠 ϝЍ
RЍ 㜷 Ѝ  Ѝ ⸶ -
繨Ѝ 㔰ȲЍy� Ѝ 㔠 ϝϝ㌵  ㌀ ϝ� Ѝ  ㌀ �㔠 �¢ ȡ� ϝϝЍ ϝ � Ѝ䘟
� �繨 ( l ) 㤱香 � ϝ䘟 Ѝ 繨 “ R l ”(Pazzle Box) � ȡ 挰 �繨 � Ѝ 㔠繨 � 㤱
繨Ѝ 㔰ȲЍy� ㌀ �Ѝ u¢�Ѝ ϝ ϝ䘟 Ѝ �繨 � 香䘟 � Ѝ ( u ) Ѝ ¢ 繨Ѝ 繨䘟 Ѝ �繨 �Ѝ
䘟 ЍЍRЍ ϝ¢ 繨ЍȡЍ 繨Ѝ ϝϝ㌵  ㌀㔠繨 ( ㌀ �Ѝ u¢�Ѝ) �㔠 ЍЍȡ � Ѝ �繨 Ѝ � �
� ¢ϝu ϝϝ㔰 Ѝ ϝ�  ㌀� 㔠繨香㌵ � �Ѝ �Ѝ � Ѝ 繨Ѝ 香㌵ � � �Ѝ ϝ  ㌀
ȡϝ繨 Ѝ � ㌀繨㌵ � �Ѝ Ѝ � �Ѝ ϝ� Ѝ � Ѝ � 㔠 � �繨 Ѝ
䘟 Ѝ Ѝ 䘟 �繨 �Ѝ 䘟 ЍЍRЍ ϝ¢ Ѝ ϝϝ㌵  ㌀ �繨 Ѝ � � 㔠繨 �㔠
ϝЍ� ㌵ ϝϝ �㔠 SЍ香ȡ ϝ� Ѝ 繨Ѝ 㔰ȲЍy� y 㔠 �㔠 Ѝ - Ѝ 䘟㔠 Ѝ Ѝ ȡ繨Ѝ 䘟ϝЍ ϝ� � Ѝ
 ㌀ �㔠 Ѝ � 㤱㌀ Ѝ � Ѝ �¢ Ѝ䘟  ㌀ Ѝ ϝ� ㌵㌵ �Ѝ �㔠
ϝ � � ㌀ Ѝ 㤱 �繨 �Ѝ 䘟 ЍЍRЍ ϝ㔠 Ѝ ㌵ϝ 㐶 y �Ѝ 香㌵ � ¢ϝ繨 Ѝ 㤱 � 香
繨Ѝ ȡ 㔠 Ѝ
RЍ 㜷 Ѝ  Ḹ ⸶y - 繨Ѝ 㔰ȲЍy� y Ѝ�ȡ � ȡ㌵ ¢[ ϝ䘟
1. ȡ ȡЍ �Ѝ -
�Ѝ 㔰 � ϝЍ㔰 ȡ Ѝ ȡ瘄 Ѝ ϝ� 繨Ѝ 䘟ȡЍ 瘄 ϝ䘟 ϝ� ㌵ �Ѝ 㔰
�㔠㌵ϝ � ȡ Ѝ ȡ瘄 Ѝ 㔠ȡЍ 瘄, ȡ㔠 S㌵㌀㌵ϝ ȡЍ 瘄 ȡ ȡЍ 㤱 �Ѝ 㔰 � �㔠 y Ѝ ϝ ȡ
㔠ȡ㌵瘄賀 Ѝ �㤱ϝ ȡ � ̰ ㌵ ȡ ȡЍ Ѝ ȡЍ � ȡ㌵瘄
2.  Ѝ �Ѝ -
ϝ� ㌵ �Ѝ 㔰 Ѝ ㌵ϝ㌵㐶 Ѝϝ Ѝ ȡ¢ � Ѝ - Ѝ  Ѝ � 䘟ȡЍ 瘄
ϝ䘟 ϝ� ㌵ �Ѝ 㔰 �Ѝ  Ѝ � ȡ ȡ 瘄, ȡ㔠 ȡЍ ϝЍ㔰� � Ѝ ㌵ϝ 繨Ѝȡ 瘄 ϝ䘟㌵ϝ ¢ �Ѝ 㔰
�Ѝ  Ѝ ㌀ � ȡ 瘄, ȡ㔠 �㔠 ϝ 繨Ѝȡ 瘄
3. ЍЍ ( ϝЍ) �Ѝ -
y �㔠香ȡ㔠ϝ ȡ繨Ѝ 香ȡ㔠ϝ �Ѝ ㌵� ȡ 瘄 y � ¢ Ѝ
繨 �Ѝ 㔰 �㔠 � Ѝϝ㌵ �㔠 ¢ϝ Ѝ 香ȡ㔠ϝ ȡЍ 瘄, �Ѝ 㔰 �㔠 Ѝ Ѝ - Ѝ � Ѝ Ѝ ȡЍ 瘄 y �
Ѝ ㌀ȡ 繨 �Ѝ 㔰 �㔠 � 䘟¢㔠ϝ Ѝ 香ȡ㔠ϝ ȡЍ 瘄, �Ѝ 㔰 �㔠 Ѝ 䘟㔠 Ѝ Ѝ ㌀� Ѝ Ѝ ȡЍ 瘄
 ⸶y -
1. ¢- ȡϝ繨 Ѝ �Ѝ -
y � ¢ Ѝ 繨 Ѝϝ㌵ � Ѝ �㔠㐶繨ȡ Ѝ Ѝ 香㔠繨Ѝȡ㌵
瘄 ȡ㔠 �Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ � � Ѝ � �Ѝ �㔠 ȡϝ繨 Ѝ � � ȡЍ 瘄, y ȡϝ繨 Ѝ � �㔠 � �Ѝ 繨

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ȡ ȡ� 繨Ѝ ㌀ ȡЍ 瘄繨 ȡ� ϝ� ㌀ ȡϝ繨 Ѝ ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ ЍЍȡ ㌀� 㔠繨ЍȡЍ 瘄 Ѝ

Ѝ� ¢ϝu �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ y ㌵ Ѝ ȡ 挰
2. 㔠Ѝ ȡ �Ѝ –
y �㔠 Ѝ � Ѝ香 Ѝ �Ѝ ㌵� ȡ 瘄 y � ¢ Ѝ 繨 �Ѝ 㔰
� ȡ Ѝ ㌀繨瘄㌵ Ѝ ȡ Ѝ 㔠Ѝ ȡ 㔠ȡ㌵瘄, ㌵ ¢ Ѝȡ 㤱 �㔠㌵ϝȡ 挰 ϝ䘟 Ѝ �
ϝ� ㌵ �Ѝ 㔰 �㔠 � � ȡ瘄 Ѝ ㌀� 挰, ȡ㔠 Ѝ ȡ㔠 � 㤱 ⸲ 㔠ȡ 挰, Ѝ � ¢ϝu Ѝ쳌 � ȡ 挰 Ѝ
¢ȡ Ѝ � � ȡ 挰
3. � S� ϝ繨 Ѝ �Ѝ -
y � ¢ Ѝ ϝ� ㌵ �Ѝ 㔰 �㔠㔠u- 㔠u Ѝ ￀㤱 Ѝ Ѝ 繨ȡ � �Ѝ 㔰
¢Ѝ Ѝ � 繨ЍȡЍ 瘄 y Ѝ ￀ �㔠 S㌵ ȡЍ ¢ ȡЍ � � � ϝϝ㔰 �Ѝ 㔰 �㔠 ϝ Ѝ ϝ� Ѝ 繨ЍȡЍ 瘄 y
‘ �S ϝϝ㔰 �㔠 ’ �Ѝ Sϝ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ Ѝ ȡ ϝ� Ѝ 繨ЍȡЍ 瘄
4. Ѝ ȡЍ ¢ϝ繨 Ѝ �Ѝ –
y �㔠㌵� ϝ �Ѝ ㌵� ȡ 瘄 ϝЍ㔰 ¢ Ѝ Ѝ ȡ 瘄繨
Ѝϝ㌵ � Ѝ �㔠㐶 Ѝ㌵繨ȡ Ѝ Ѝ 香㔠ȡ㌵瘄 ȡ㔠 Ѝ ȡ㌵-繨¢ ȡ㌵繨ȡ Ѝ
Ѝ �Ѝ ϝ � ȡЍ 瘄, 繨 �Ѝ Ѝ ϝЍ㔰㤱 ¢ Ѝ � ¢�Ѝ 瘄 Ѝ Ѝ㌵ ȡЍ �㔠 Ѝ㔰 ȡЍ �Ѝ 繨Ѝ ㌵
� Ѝ ȡ 挰
5. Ѝ  㔰 Ѝȡ㔰 �Ѝ –
y � ¢ Ѝ � 香㌵ � � ȡ 㔠 ЍЍ ㌀ ¢ϝ繨 Ѝ Ѝ䘟㤱 ϝ� ㌵䘟ϝ 香㌵ � ㌵
㔠 ȡ㌵瘄䘟ϝ S 䘟￀㤱, � ㌵ �㔠㐶 ϝ繨 Ѝ �㔠㌵ � Ѝ 䘟ϝ ㌀繨 ȡ 㤱㌵ �Ѝ � Ѝ
y 㤱 ϝ繨 Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ ȡ㔠 Ѝ ㌀ ȡЍ 瘄, 香ȡ¢ 繨 ȡ 㤱 Ѝȡ㔰㔠繨ЍȡЍ 瘄繨Ѝ 㔰ȲЍy� ЍЍ Ѝ � SЍ ㌵
¢ 香 �㔠㌀ Ѝ  㔰 Ѝȡ㔰 � � 㤱 ȡ ϝ� Ѝ
‵ ழRЍ ழ 㜷香香 Ѝ 䁥Ѝꀀழ -
ϝ ЍЍ Ѝ ㌵ϝ � Ѝ�ȡ � ȡ Ѝ䘟� 繨㔰㌵ � uЍuЍЍ䘟㌀瘄 y y Ѝ�ȡ �㔠
uЍu Ѝ�ȡ ㌵ � ȡ 挰 y � ¢ Ѝ ȡ ㌵ � ϝϝ㔰繨 ȡ �㔠㌵ Ѝ �
S ȡ  ȡ Ѝ ㌵ϝ ȡЍ 瘄 y �Ѝ Ѝ ㌵ ϝ � �Ѝ ϝ � ȡЍ 瘄 y � �
㤱 � 㔠 ϝ� 繨Ѝ ¢� 挰, 繨㤱㔠 �㔠 �Ѝ 瘄
ϝ Ѝ ⸶ –
�㔠 � ϝϝ 䁥� Ѝ繨㌵ ¢ȡЍ �㔠 � � 㤱 �䘟 ϝ� Ѝ � �㔠 ȡ 㤱
�¢ � y �Ѝ uЍ쳌 ϝ䘟 ϝ� Ѝ 䁥� Ѝ繨㌵ �㔠 �䁛¢ � Ѝ 繨 � 㤱 �¢ 䘟ϝ ㌀ ȡ㌵ Ѝ
ϝЍ ㌀㌵ ϝ 䁥� Ѝ�繨㌵ � � �Ѝ Ѝ ϝ� Ѝ ⸲ ㌀� ¢ �¢
Ѝȡ ⸲ϝ㔰 ϝ ϝЍ ㌀￀ �㔠䘟ϝ� �㔠 � � ㌵ ϝ㌵� � 繨 Ѝ �
Ѝ
Ѝ ЍЍ
ЍЍ 㔠ϝ
㔠ϝ ЍЍ ㌵�Ѝ
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ЍЍȡ � �㔠 ϝ ㌀瘄繨  �㔠 ЍЍȡ � 㤱 ⸲ ȡЍ 䘟㌀
䁥� Ѝ香繨㌵ � Ѝ Ѝ � ȡ ㌵ ϝ ЍЍ Ѝ ㌵ϝȡ 挰
 ழ ⸶Ѝ Ѝ 䁥Ѝழ -
y Ѝ香ȡ �Ѝ ȡ Ѝ䘟 1904 㤱㤱 ЍЍ Ѝ ϝ� Ѝ 繨Ѝ ¢ �䁥 ȡ ϝ繨 Ѝ �㔠 Ѝ �
�¢ ȡ � 㔠 ϝ� Ѝ Ѝ � 㤱 ϝϝ �¢ ȡ � ¢ 㤱㔠繨䘟ϝ� Ѝ 繨Ѝ Ѝ ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝ�
ϝ繨 Ѝ 瘄
1. ЍЍ Ѝ 㤱㔠 � Ѝ � 㤱 �㐶 ϝ䘟㔠 ȡ� ϝЍ � Ѝ繨香u㌀繨Ѝ � ϝЍ Ѝ ϝ䘟 Ѝ ϝЍ Ѝ + 香u㌀
㔠 �㐶 ϝ䘟 Ѝ�䁛 ȡ� 䘟㔠 Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ ϝ� ϝЍ Ѝ Ѝ� 香u㌀㤱 � 香香㔠繨ЍȡЍ 瘄
Ѝ� ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝ� ϝ繨 Ѝ Ѝ u � Ѝ 㔠ȡ㌵瘄
2. y � Ѝ䘟 �Ѝ 香u㌀繨Ѝ㐶香ȡ¢ ϝЍ Ѝ Ѝ繨㤱㌀� ϝ䘟 Ѝ Ѝ y Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ ϝ� �¢ ȡЍ
ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝ� ϝ繨 Ѝ Ѝ u �ȡ㌵瘄 � ȡЍ 瘄
y Ѝ�ȡ �Ѝ 㔠 S¢ �䁛 Ѝ� ¢ ￀ � Ѝ Ѝ �㔠 ¢ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ繨㔰㤱 Ѝ ϝϝ㔰㔠ȡЍ
瘄 y �Ѝ ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝ� � ȡ繨 Ѝ � ȡ ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝ� ϝ繨 Ѝ �Ѝ 香㔠 Ѝ ¢�ϝ ȡ
¢ϝ繨 Ѝ � Ѝȡ㌵瘄䘟Ѝ ϝ �Ѝ㐶 �㔠䘟¢�Ѝ �㔠䘟ϝ� ￀ � ¢� Ѝ u � ȡЍ 瘄
¢ Ѝ Ѝ � S ȡ 瘄繨㔠 Ѝ ȡ¢ � Ѝ� ȡ ￀ �㔠 , 㤱㌵ � 香 ϝ㔠繨
ȡ繨Ѝ ȡ�㔰 ϝϝ㔰 ȡЍ ЍЍȡ � 㤱 Ѝ � 㔠ȡ㌵瘄 ' ЍЍ Ѝ' 香ȡ㔠 ȡЍ 瘄 ¢ ㌀
¢ �㔠 Ѝ㌵繨 ȡ ￀ �㔠 �� Ѝ繨 ¢�ϝ ȡ 㔠㤱 Ѝ ȡЍ � ȡ㌵
瘄 ¢ �㔠 ' ϝ Ѝ � � � ϝ �㔠㔠 ȡЍ' �㔠 ȡ ㌵ Ѝ 繨Ѝ �ȡЍ 瘄
¢ S 䘟 �Ѝ 㔠 Ѝ㌵ �Ѝ ȡ �㔠 ȡ ȡЍ, ȡЍ �Ѝ �ȡЍ, Ѝ 㔠繨 ȡ繨Ѝ
Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ �㔠 ȡЍ � � 㤱 ϝ� Ѝ 繨ЍȡЍ Ѝ 瘄 ¢ Ѝ 瘄 y � � 㤱
㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ �￀㤱 SЍ ȡ 䘟 Ѝ 瘄 y ㌵㌵ ȡ� ¢ �Ѝ �㔠㐶 Ѝ㔰Ѝ香繨㔰  ȡ ㌀㔠
Ѝ Ѝ 瘄
䁥 繨香 Ѝ쳌Ѝ⸶ -
1. Ѝ¢ȲЍ繨㔰 � ¢ Ѝ ¢ �Ѝ 㔰 � �㔠 � Ѝ䁥瘄 ”
2. ϝ�� ¢ Ѝ ㌵ϝ �㔠 S ȡ ㌀ ¢ 瘄 ”
3. u � ¢ Ѝ ¢ ϝȡ㔰 ЍЍ ￀ � Ѝ 㤱㔠 �㔠㔠 ȡЍ 瘄 ”
4. Ѝ¢Ȳ 㔠 � ¢ Ѝ ¢ ȡЍ �Ѝ 繨㔰 � �㔠 ȡЍ 瘄 ”
5. � ¢ Ѝ ¢ y Ѝ S 䘟￀㤱 ϝ ȡ 瘄 ȡЍ Ѝ �Ѝ 䘟S 㔠 Ѝ ”
6. u 㔰 � ¢ Ѝ ¢ 繨㌵Ѝ �㔠 Ѝ㌵ Ѝ � � Ѝ 㔠繨 �㔠 ЍЍ香㔠 ȡЍ 瘄 ”
7. u㔰 � ¢ Ѝ ¢  ȡ ϝ㔰 � ȡ繨Ѝ ȡ�㔰 � �㔠㔠 ȡЍ 瘄 ”
8. Ѝu � ¢ Ѝ ¢ Ѝ ȡ繨Ѝ ㌵ϝ �㔠 S ȡ 瘄 ”

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9. 繨Ѝ 㔰ȲЍy� � ¢ Ѝ Ѝ ȡ � u�㔠ϝ ȡ ȡϝ繨 Ѝ � �㔠 S ȡ ㌀ ¢

瘄 ”
䁥 Ḹ 䁥Ѝழ -
1. � ϝ香Ȳ ¢ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ
2. 䘟㔠 ϝ香Ȳ ¢ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ ㌵瘄
3. ȡ㌵ ϝ香Ȳ ¢ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ ㌵瘄
4. ¢ ϝ香Ȳ ¢ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ 繨Ѝ 㔰ȲЍy�
5. ϝ ϝ香Ȳ ¢ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ 繨 u㔰
6. 香 Ѝ䘟S㔰 Ѝ ȡ䘟S㔰 ¢ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ 繨l
7. 䘟Ѝ ¢繨 � 繨 � Ѝ ¢ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ u㔰 Ѝ� Ѝ 㔰
8. Ѝ㌵ ¢ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ 䁥 ⸲㔠Ȳ㔰
9. ¢ ‘�’ ¢ ‘ϝ’ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ 瘄
10. ȡ �㔠 ¢ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ . ㌵. �u
⸶香ழǊЍ
' ⸶香ழǊЍ' �䁥繨㌵ � 㜷 Ḹ 香 (Personality) �Ѝ Ѝ㔰瘄㔰 u㌀ S 䘟 �㔠 ȡ ⸶ Ѝ ЍϝЍ

�' Ѝ Ѝ'S 䘟 ¢㐶瘄, 繨 �Ѝ 繨㔰瘄 'y䁞香Ѝ (Mask)' ȡ Ѝ �Ѝ ȡЍ 㔰 ЍЍ ¢ϝ￀ Ѝ Ѝ
繨ЍȡЍ 繨Ѝ Ѝ ϝЍ ȡ Ѝ � ϝϝ㔰繨㔰 �㔠 Ѝ[ Ѝ ㌀ � ȡ㌵
ȡ Ѝ � ȡ � ȡ Ѝ � Ѝ� SЍ ㌀ � ¢ϝ￀ �Ѝ Ѝ ȡS㌵ � � 瘄, 繨㔠 ЍЍȡЍЍ ϝ � Ѝ繨
ȡ �Ѝ Ѝ 㔠繨 Ѝ㔰 ȡ � ȡЍ 瘄.”
⸶香ழǊЍ 繨香 Ѝ쳌Ѝ -
1. 䁥 ⸲㔠Ȳ㔰 ȡ Ѝ ¢ϝ￀ �Ѝ 香Ѝȡ 瘄
2. Ѝ¢ȲЍ繨㔰 ȡ Ѝ � Ѝ Ѝ �㔠 � 䁥 ЍSϝȡЍ ㌀ ȡ Ѝ 瘄
3. Ѝu㔰 ȡ Ѝ ȡ � 繨香繨Ѝȡ ȡ繨Ѝ 繨㔰ȡ Ѝ ЍЍ, ϝ Ѝ ȡ ￀, ЍЍ Ѝ � ȡ繨Ѝ y Ѝ �
ϝ䘟 �Ѝ ¢䘟Ѝ 瘄
4. Ѝ� �u ȡ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ ȡ ￀ �Ѝ � 䁥瘄, 繨㔠 ȡȡ � ЍЍ 繨�
Ѝ 㔠繨㤱 ȡ 㔠ȡЍ 瘄
5. 㔠u㔰 - ȡ Ѝ �Ѝ � 香 ¢ �㔠 SЍ ㌀ � ȡ繨Ѝ 香ȡ � Ѝ ȡ ￀ ,瘄繨 � Ѝ
ȡ ЍЍȡЍЍ ϝ � Ѝ繨 Ѝ 㔠繨繨Ѝ ȡ � ȡЍ 瘄
⸶香ழǊЍ yЍ Ḹ 䁥Ѝழ
1. 㔠 Ѝ ϝϝЍ � Ѝ香ȡ - � �Ȳ Ѝ Ȳ
2. S ㌀  Ѝ Ѝ香ȡ - S瘄Ȳ
Ѝ
Ѝ ЍЍ
ЍЍ 㔠ϝ
㔠ϝ ЍЍ ㌵�Ѝ
㌵�Ѝ � �㔰
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3. ЍSϝ� Ѝ香ȡ - �瘄u

4. 繨Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ - 㔠Ȳ u㌀
5. ȡЍ �Ѝ Ѝ香ȡ - Ѝ 㔠
6. Ѝ 㔰� Ѝ香ȡ - 瘄Ȳϝ
7. Ѝ쳌 Ѝ香ȡ - ㌀ ¢
⸶香ழǊЍ Ḹ Ѝ -
1.  y Ѝ Ѝ ЍЍ香 ழ Ѝ 䁠 -
I. S ȡ ㌀ ( 繨 �)
II. Ȫϝ Ѝ㌵ ( 繨 ϝu�)
III. ЍuЍ ( � �)
2.  y Ѝ 䁢Ѝ ЍЍ ЍЍ香 ழ Ѝ 䁠 -
I. Ѝ Ѝ ȡ
II. Ѝ繨 Ѝ ȡ
III. ȡ Ѝ ȡ
3. RЍ 㜷 Ѝ  Ѝ  ழ ЍЍ香 ழ Ѝ 䁠 -
I. ϝ ЍЍ �
II. ЍЍ �
III. 繨ϝ ЍЍ �
4. 䁢 Ѝ yЍ⸰  Ѝழ Ѝ 䁠 -
I. Ѝ瘄Ѝ �
II. 䁥繨㔰�
III. I䘟 Ѝ㔰 �
IV. Ѝ繨瘄 ȡ�
V. Ѝ 㔰�
VI. ЍЍ 繨�
5. ⸰ ϝЍЍ Ѝ ⸶Ѝ ⸶Ѝ y ЍȡЍ  Ѝ 䁠 -
Ѝȡ㔰Ѝ 㤱繨¢� �Ѝ Ѝ 䁥� ϝ Ѝ䁥 ȡ Ѝ Ѝ 繨ЍȡЍ 瘄 y香￀㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � ϝ￀ � Ѝ
ȡ Ѝ � ȡ㌵䘟 Ѝ 繨Ѝȡ 瘄-
1) ꀀழy㜷䁞 - �ȡ¢㔰ϝ㌵㤱 ЍЍ , 䘟S㔰ЍЍ䘟㌀ ��㔠㌵ Ѝ ЍЍ ЍЍ 㔠ȡ 瘄 y ㌵ Ѝ ЍЍ � �Ѝ ϝ Ѝ
ЍЍ ￀ �㔠 u ȡ � 㤱 ⸲ ȡ 瘄㔠 Ѝ Ѝ � �䘟 � ȡ 瘄
繨㤱䁥 � 䁥 ȡ 瘄 y �㔠 �Ѝ 㔰 ȡЍ ㌵䁥 � 㔠ȡ㌵瘄
2) 香ϝy㜷䁞 - ϝ ¢㔰ϝ㌵ ȡ � ȡ� ЍЍ 繨� �Ѝ 䁥㤱 ЍSϝ 䁥 ȡ 瘄繨㔠繨Ѝ ЍЍ
ЍЍЍ 㔠ȡ 挰 ЍЍ ￀ ЍЍ Ѝ � �㔠 u ȡ � �ȡ 挰 y Ѝ ЍЍ
 ㌵Ѝ 㔠ȡЍ 瘄 ЍЍ Ѝ�繨 � ȡ ȡ ȡ 瘄

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3) ⸶y䁞 - y �Ѝ � ȡ �¢ 繨 ȡ ￀㤱 ϝ ¢㔰ϝ㌵ ȡ繨Ѝ �¢ 㤱 �ȡ¢㔰ϝ㌵㔠ȡ 瘄繨瘄 �

ȡ  Ѝ 㔠 ЍЍ Ѝ ϝ ЍЍ Ѝ 瘄, ϝ�香ȡ¢ �Ѝ�ȡ 㤱 �Ѝ 㔰 � Ѝ Ѝ ȡЍ 瘄
⸶香ழǊЍ  Ѝ Ѝழ  Ḹ ЍЍ Ḹ Ѝ  -
1. Ѝ�SЍ ¢繨 �Ѝ ЍЍ - ȡ Ѝ � Ѝ�Ѝ Ѝ�SЍ ¢繨 �Ѝ ЍЍ ЍЍ㔰䁥 � ЍЍ 㔰ȡ㔠 ȡЍ 瘄

� Ѝ 瘄瘄 �Ѝ ȡ 瘄 ϝ�- " ¢ �Ѝ ȡ Ѝ ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝ� Ѝ�Ѝ �Ѝ ϝЍ ㌀� 瘄
ЍȡЍ- ȡЍ �¢ ȡ SЍ ㌀ �, Ѝ �, �Ѝ Ѝ � ЍЍ Ѝ � S ȡ Ѝ쳌 ЍЍȡ 㔠ȡ㌵挰 "
2. ЍЍ 繨� ЍЍȡЍЍ ϝ �Ѝ ЍЍ - Ѝ � 繨香 � Ѝ Ѝ- S¢ 㔠ȡЍ 瘄㤱 ЍЍ 繨� ЍЍȡЍЍ ϝ �
� �㔰 Ѝȡ㔰㔠ȡЍ 瘄 Ѝ Ѝϝ, - �Ѝ � , ϝЍ - Ѝ �Ѝ ȡ ㌀�Ѝ, Ѝ Ѝ , Ѝ 㔰� Ѝ 瘄 ȡ�
ЍЍ ϝ䘟 Ѝ繨 ЍЍȡ � ȡЍ 瘄 Ѝ繨 � ȡ Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ㔰ϝ � ȡЍ 瘄 ȡ㔠 Ѝ �￀ �㔠䘟S㔰
Ѝ � Ѝ �Ѝ ȡ 䘟Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ繨 �Ѝ 㔠ȡЍ 瘄
3. ЍЍ �Ѝ ЍЍ - ȡ Ѝ � Ѝ㔰ϝ �Ѝ �Ѝ 㔰 ЍЍ 㤱 � 㔠ȡЍ 瘄, 繨㔠 Ѝ繨 ЍЍ Ѝ ϝ Ѝ ϝ� Ѝ
繨ЍȡЍ 瘄 ЍЍ 㤱 , ¢ Ѝ Ѝȡ� ȡЍ � ЍЍȡЍЍ ϝ Ѝ � 㤱 Ѝ , Ѝȡ� ȡЍ 㔰 ȡЍ
ϝ䘟 ¢ϝ￀ �Ѝ Ѝ�Ѝ 㔠ȡЍ 瘄 ��㔠 Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝϝ㌵繨ЍȡЍ 瘄
4. Ѝ� � ȡ� ЍЍȡЍЍ ϝ �Ѝ ЍЍ - Ѝ繨 ȡ �Ѝ Ѝ㔰ϝ � ȡЍ 瘄, ȡ㔠 � � ȡ � ЍЍ �㔠 ȡ
� ȡ㌵瘄 ¢ 繨 � � ȡ 㤱繨香 ȡЍ 瘄, ㌵� ¢ �Ѝ ȡ Ѝ 㔠ȡЍ 瘄
5. Ѝ Ѝ �Ѝ ЍЍ - Ѝ 繨, ¢SЍ , ϝ �ϝ䘟, S� �Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ , Ѝ� ϝ䘟 �Ѝ Ѝ
ЍЍ ȡ Ѝ � Ѝ�Ѝ ȲȡЍ 瘄 Ѝ Ѝ 㤱 ȡ�ϝ ЍЍȡЍЍ ϝ Ѝ � �¢�ϝ�ȡ
Ѝ�ȡ 㔠繨ЍȡЍ 瘄
6. �Ѝ Ѝ � Ѝ�Ѝ - ¢�ϝ ЍЍȡЍЍ ϝ 㤱 � Ѝ � �Ѝ ￀ � ϝ ϝ Ѝ ㌵ϝȡЍ 瘄 �Ѝ Ѝ �
�ȡ¢ �㔠繨 ȡ 㤱 Ѝ � �Ѝ ȡ Ѝ �¢�ϝ�ȡ 㔠繨ЍȡЍ 瘄 y ЍЍ� ȡ ȡ Ѝ �
�Ѝ Ѝ � 繨 ȡЍ �㔠㌀ Ѝ繨 �ȡЍ 䘟㌀繨Ѝȡ㌵瘄
7. Ѝ � 㔠 ȡЍ Ѝ 䁥 �Ѝ ЍЍ - ȡ �㔠繨㤱䁥 㔠ȡ㌵瘄, Ѝ ㌵㤱 ⸲ ȡЍ Ѝ �ȡЍ 瘄
⸲ ȡЍ � ¢ Ѝȡ 㤱㌀ ȡ Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ�Ѝ 㔠ȡЍ 瘄䁥 � Ѝ � 㔠 ȡЍ ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝ � 繨㌀
Ѝ Ѝ ￀ �㔠 Ѝ繨 � 䘟S � ¢�ϝ Ѝ 䘟ȡЍ 瘄
8. SЍ ㌀ � ЍЍ - 香ȡ㔠 ЍЍ㌵䁥�䁥繨 Ѝ쳌, �Ѝ Ѝ ㌀䁥�䁥繨 Ѝ쳌, SЍ ㌀ � Ѝ , SЍ ㌀ �  Ѝ ϝ䘟
ȡ Ѝ �㔠 Ѝ Ѝȡ � ȡ 瘄 SЍ ㌀ �㔠䘟瘄ϝ � 䘟SЍ, ȡ � � �Ѝ 㔰 ЍЍ ȲЍ � �Ѝ ϝ ȡ �
Ѝ Ѝ ȡ Ѝ �㔠 Ѝ Ѝȡ � ȡ㌵瘄 y � ЍЍЍ Ѝ � �㔠 -香Ȳ ㌀ 㔠㌵ �
ȡ Ѝ �㔠 Ѝ Ѝȡ � ȡ 瘄
Ḹ Ѝ
ϝЍ S 䘟 �Ѝ �䁥繨㌵ Ѝ Ѝ繨㔰� S 䘟 ‘Motivation'(㔠ϝuЍS ) 繨㔠 �㔠 ϝu ЍϝЍ �

‘Motum'(㔠u) Ѝ ‘Moveers'(㔠Ѝ )S 䘟 Ѝ 瘄, 繨 �Ѝ 繨㔰瘄 ‘To Move’ 繨Ѝ㔰ȡ ȡ 䘟Ѝ � Ѝ y
�Ѝ ϝЍ Ѝ �Ѝ � 瘄, 繨㔠 �Ѝ 㔰 �㔠 ȡ 䘟Ѝ � ȡЍ 瘄䘟ϝ S 䘟￀㤱 ϝЍ � �ȡ � S ȡ 瘄,
Ѝ
Ѝ ЍЍ
ЍЍ 㔠ϝ
㔠ϝ ЍЍ ㌵�Ѝ
㌵�Ѝ � �㔰
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繨㔠 ȡ �㔠 �Ѝ 㔰 � � ȡ � ȡ㌵瘄 y ㌵ ϝЍ 賀 Ѝ Ѝ�ϝ㔰ϝ Ѝ Ѝ  �㔠 � Ѝ 瘄, 繨㔠
ȡ 㤱 ϝ� ㌵ �Ѝ 㔰 �㔠 � �㔠㐶 Ѝ Ѝ� 繨ȡЍ Ѝ 香 � ȡ㌵瘄
SЍ � 繨㌵Ѝ 㔰香ȡ  ЍЍ ㌀ ϝ繨 Ѝ 瘄 ȡ繨Ѝ � ϝ繨 Ѝ � ㌵ � �Ѝ 㔰 � ȡЍ 瘄繨 �
� ȡ 瘄 y �䘟㔰㤱 ϝЍ � 瘄繨㔠 Ѝϝ㌵ �㔠 �㔠㐶 ȡ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ ȡ ϝ䘟SЍ 㤱  � Ѝ賀
� ȡ㌵瘄
Ḹ Ѝ 繨香 Ѝ쳌Ѝ⸶ -
1. � � ¢ Ѝ ,“ ϝЍ ϝ �Ѝ Ѝ䁥 ȡ Ѝ繨Ѝ 㔰瘄 ”
2. ¢Ȳ � ¢ Ѝ ,“ ϝЍ �Ѝ 㔰 �㔠 � � , 繨Ѝ ㌀ ϝ �㔠 ϝ繨 Ѝ 瘄 ”
3. 瘄Ȳϝ � ¢ Ѝ ,“ ϝЍ Ѝ SЍ ㌀ � 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � 䘟SЍ � ,瘄繨㔠 ϝ� ㌵ �Ѝ 㔰 �㔠 � �
ȡ � ȡ㌵瘄 ”
4. Ѝ¢ȲЍ繨㔰 � ¢ Ѝ ,“ ϝЍ ȡ ￀ �㔠䘟SЍ �Ѝ Ѝ ϝ ,瘄繨㔠 ϝ� ㌵ ȡ 香 �㔠 ϝ ȡ㔰 �
ȡ Ѝ Ѝ �㔠 u � ȡ㌵瘄 ”
5. Ѝ Ѝ 香 � ¢ Ѝ ,“ ϝЍ Ѝϝ㌵ � ㌵ȡ SЍ ㌀ � Ѝ� 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � 䘟SЍ 瘄, 繨㔠 ЍSϝ
�Ѝ �㔠 ϝ繨 Ѝ � � ȡ � ȡ㌵瘄 ”
Ḹ Ѝ Ѝ ழ  Ḹ 繨 ЍЍ⸶Ѝ -
香Ȳ � ¢ Ѝ ‘‘ ЍЍ㌵䁥 ЍЍSЍ ㌀ ϝЍ 㔰 � ȡЍ 瘄 ’’ 繨ȡ ㌵  ϝЍ 㔠㌵
ȡ Ѝ ㌀ ȡ ㌵ϝ Ѝ ȡ㔠 S� �㔠 �Ѝ 㤱 Ѝ ￀ �㔠 ȡ � 㤱 � Ȫϝȡ Ѝ䁥 Ѝ�
Ѝ ㌵ Ѝϝ
1. ¢ �Ѝ Ѝ� 䘟香Ȳ
2. S� Ѝ Ѝ� 香䘟Ѝ
3. ⸲ ȡЍ Ѝ ⸲ ȡЍ
4. ȡ 㔠䁥 ȡЍ Ѝ� 㔠
5. ȡ �Ѝ ȡЍ
6. �Ѝ�Ѝ �Ѝ ȡ
7. Ѝ㌵ ȡЍ
8. 䁥
9. Ѝ �ȡЍ � �Ѝ ȡЍ
10. �Ѝ �Ѝ ЍЍȡЍЍ ϝ
㐠Ѝ y ЍȡЍ ழ Ѝ 
1. 㔠 ЍȡЍ � 繨 � = Ѝ 繨�
2. ¢ � 㔠 ЍȡЍ � 繨 � = Ѝ 繨�

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3. �Ѝ 㔰ЍЍ䘟 Ѝ� 䘟Ѝ � 繨 � = Ѝ 繨�
4. � �㔠 Ѝ Ѝ ϝЍ = Ѝ 繨�
5. SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ � 繨 � = 繨Ѝ 㔰ȲЍy�
6. Ѝ Ѝ� ¢ϝu Ѝ�ȡ = 繨Ѝ 㔰ȲЍy�
7. Ѝ� ϝ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = 繨Ѝ 㔰ȲЍy�
8. � 㔠繨 ЍЍ䘟 �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = 繨Ѝ 㔰ȲЍy�
9. 香㌵ - ¢ϝ繨 Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = 繨Ѝ 㔰ȲЍy�
10. S-R  㔠㌀ � 繨香䘟ЍȡЍ = 繨Ѝ 㔰ȲЍy�
11. 䁥 �Ѝ 香 Ѝ�ȡ = 繨Ѝ 㔰ȲЍy�
12. � � ЍЍ䘟 �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = 繨Ѝ 㔰ȲЍy�
13. Sϝ �ȡ ϝ �Ѝ Ѝ㔰 Ѝ Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = 繨Ѝ 㔰ȲЍy�
14. ¢ ϝ�Ȳ ¢ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = 繨Ѝ 㔰ȲЍy�
15. - Ѝy ¢ ㌀ϝ � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = Ѝ� Ѝy
16. ¢ ㌀ϝ￀ � 繨香䘟ЍȡЍ =
17. � ϝ�Ȳ ¢ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ =
18. 䘟㔠 ϝ�Ȳ ¢ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = ㌵瘄
19. ȡ㌵ ϝ�Ȳ ¢ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = ㌵瘄
20. ЍЍ香 Ѝ Ѝ S u ȡ Ѝ￀ � Ѝ�ȡ � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = ㌵瘄
21. ¢ �Ѝ Ѝ S ȡ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = ㌵瘄
22. - Ѝ ¢ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = 䁥 ⸲㔠Ȳ㔰
23. ¢ �  Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = 䁥 ⸲㔠Ȳ㔰
24. ϝ ϝ�Ȳ ¢ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = 繨 u㔰
25. ¢ ȡ¢ Ѝ � ϝ㔰 Ѝ䁥 � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = 繨 u㔰
26. 繨 �ȡ Ѝ Ѝ䁥 � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = 繨 u㔰
27. u 香ȡ Ѝ䁥 � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = 繨 u㔰 Ѝ Ѝ
28. 香 Ѝ䘟S㔰 Ѝ ȡ䘟S㔰(Ѝ 㔰 u�) ¢ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = 繨l
29. 䘟Ѝ ¢繨 �(繨 � Ѝ) ¢ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = u㔰 Ѝ� Ѝ 㔰
30. ȡ -�㔠 ¢ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = . ㌵. �u
31. ȡ�Ѝ � ( ЍSϝ�) Ѝ�ȡ � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = . ㌵. �u
32. ¢ '�' ¢ 'ϝ' �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = 瘄
33. ¢ y�Ѝ㐶 �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = u 㔰 Ѝ� 繨l
34. ¢ ȡЍȡ � � ¢ � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = Ѝ u 㔰
Ѝ
Ѝ ЍЍ
ЍЍ 㔠ϝ
㔠ϝ ЍЍ ㌵�Ѝ
㌵�Ѝ � �㔰
� �㔰 97
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35. �  ЍЍЍ䘟 Ѝ� 䘟Ѝ � 繨 � = Ѝ Ѝ¢香u

36. 㔠 Ѝ � 㔠 ЍȡЍ � 繨 � = Ѝ Ѝ¢香u
37. Ѝ�Ѝ Ѝ � 㔠 ЍȡЍ � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = 繨㌵ Ѝ繨
38. �ȡЍ Ѝ � Ѝ�Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = 繨㌵ Ѝ繨
39. ϝ Ѝ ȡ ￀ � Ѝ�ȡ � 繨香䘟ЍȡЍ = Ѝ 瘄Ȳϝ
40. Ѝ 㔰� �Ѝ 賀䘟Ѝ香ȡ = Ѝ 瘄Ȳϝ
41. 㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 ȡ � �Ѝ ЍȡЍ = ￀㔠 l繨㌵
42. ϝ繨 Ѝ ϝȡ ¢ � �Ѝ 賀䘟Ѝ香ȡ = �
43. ϝ繨 ¢ � �Ѝ 賀䘟Ѝ香ȡ = �
44. ¢�ϝ ȡ ¢ϝ繨 Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = yЍЍ 㔠 Ѝ ЍЍ Ѝ
45. � � ЍЍȡ㔰 �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = yЍЍ 㔠 Ѝ ЍЍ Ѝ
46. SЍ ㌵ ¢ � �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = yЍЍ 㔠 Ѝ ЍЍ Ѝ
47. ȡ 繨Ѝ � �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = yЍЍ 㔠 Ѝ ЍЍ Ѝ
48. ( ¢ 㔰 ) �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = ㌵. .
49. Ѝ 繨ȡ Ѝ Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = ㌵. .
50. ㌀� ϝ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = ㌵. .
51. � 㔠ϝ� �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = ㌵. .
52. Ѝ � / �ȡ 䁥䘟( ϝ㔠䘟) �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = ㌵. .
53. 䁥 �Ѝ ϝ Ѝ香ȡ = �㔠
54. ϝ Ѝ 香ȡ 㔰 u �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = �㔠 , Ѝ䘟ϝ , �㔠ϝ�Ѝ
55. uЍuЍЍ䘟 � 䘟Ѝ � 繨 � = �㔠 , Ѝ䘟ϝ , �㔠ϝ�Ѝ
56. ㌵ Ѝ�ȡ = Ѝ
57. ȡ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = Ѝ
58. ϝ ȡS㌵ ȡЍ � � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = Ѝ
59. Ѝ㌵Ѝ � � ЍЍ䘟 �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = ¢繨㌀
60. Ѝ㐶 (䁥Ѝ ) �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = ul 瘄
61. � ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = ul 瘄
62. 䁥䁥 � �� ȡЍ � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = Ȳ ЍȲ ¢
63. ЍϝЍ ㌵ Ѝ ȡЍ Ѝ� Ѝ� ȡ Ѝ䘟� = Ѝ⸲㔰
64. 㔠 ЍȡЍ � Ѝ Ѝ ЍЍ䘟㌀ � 䘟Ѝ � 繨 � = 繨㔠㌵. ЍЍu
65. 䁥 Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = Ѝ�㔰

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66. ЍЍ 繨� 䁥 Ѝ�ȡ � ȡ Ѝ䘟� =  u㔰 Ѝ香Ȳϝ Ѝ

67. ¢ ЍЍ ȡ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = u l
68. 䁥㔠 Ѝ �㔠 � ȡ Ѝ䘟� =
69. Ѝ�Ѝ � ЍЍ 繨� Ѝȡ㔰� =
70. 㔠繨u ϝЍ ㌀ � � ㌵ϝ Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = 繨Ѝ ϝЍ㌵
71. 䁥㔠 ЍȡЍ �Ѝ 繨 � = Ѝ Ѝ
72. 䁥 Ѝ 繨Ѝ �� ȡ Ѝ䘟� = 繨㔠 ϝ
73. �  Ѝ � 䁥 �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = 繨㔠 ϝ
74. ЍЍ香㌵� ϝ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = ㌵. . 繨Ȳ
75. S ȡ 㔠 ЍȡЍ �Ѝ 繨 � = Ѝl⸲
76. 䁥 �ȡ ϝ �Ѝ ϝ ￀ � ȡЍ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ =
77. ЍϝЍ Ѝ�Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = 㔠 �㔠
78. Ѝ쳌 - ϝ ȡ㔰( Ѝ �ȡЍ 䘟Ѝ ¢繨) �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = 瘄㔠 (Ѝ 㔠)
79. Ѝ- 繨Ѝ繨䁥� ϝ ϝЍ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = 瘄㔠 (Ѝ 㔠)
80. ȡЍ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = 瘄㔠 (Ѝ 㔠)
81. ϝЍ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = Ȳ ЍȲ ㌵. �Ȳ
82. 㔠 Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = 㔠 Ѝ �Ѝ⸲瘄
83. S㌵ ¢ϝ( ЍSϝ�) Ѝ�ȡ � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = 㔠u㔰
84. ȡ Ѝ Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ쳌 �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = ㌀ ¢
85. �繨Ѝ � 㔠㌀ϝ Ѝ䁥 � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = 㔠㔰 Ѝ ¢
86. Ѝ �䁥 � 香ȡ 䁥㌀ϝ (T.A.T.) Ѝ䁥 � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = 㔠㔰 Ѝ ¢
87. Ѝ - 香ȡ 䁥㌀ϝ (C.A.T.) Ѝ䁥 � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = 㔠㔠Ȳ 瘄 �
88. 㔠SЍ㔰 Ѝ ㌀賀 Ѝ ㌀ϝ (I.B.T.) Ѝ䁥 � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = 㔠SЍ㔰
89. ЍЍ ϝ ȡ㔰㌀ϝ (S.C.T.) Ѝ䁥 � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = Ѝ㐶 Ѝ u㤱Ȳ
90. Ѝ Ѝ ㌀ϝ Ѝ䁥 � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = Ѝ� Ѝu㔰SЍ 㔰
91. ϝ��Ȳ Ѝu㔰 ( Ѝ 㔠 Ѝ ) Ѝ䁥 � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = 㔠
92. ϝ ϝЍ ㌀ � 繨香䘟ЍȡЍ = 㔠
93. 㔠 Ѝ ϝϝ Ѝ䁥 � 繨香䘟ЍȡЍ = �Ȳ Ѝ Ȳ
94. ЍЍ Ѝ ϝϝ Ѝ䁥 � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = �Ȳ Ѝ Ȳ
95. 㔠繨u Ѝ䁥 � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = Ѝ ㌀ ϝ �
96. Ѝ ㌵䘟� Ѝ䁥 � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = ȲЍ 㔰 Ѝ ϝ �
97. ȲЍu Ѝ䁥 �㔠 ȡ Ѝ䘟� = Ѝ�㔰 u㔰
Ѝ
Ѝ ЍЍ
ЍЍ 㔠ϝ
㔠ϝ ЍЍ ㌵�Ѝ
㌵�Ѝ � �㔰
� �㔰 97
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98. Ѝ�u ㌀ Ѝ䁥 �㔠 ȡ Ѝ䘟� = Ȳ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ�u ㌀

99. Ȳ繨㔠㌀ Ѝ䁥 � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = ЍȲ Ȳ繨㔠㌀
100. Ѝ ϝu�Ѝ(y�Ѝ㐶) Ѝ䁥 � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = �Ѝ 㔰u ЍЍS 㔰
101. Ѝ ϝ u� Ѝ䁥 � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = . 㐶. 㔰 Ѝ�
102. Ѝ繨 ȡ Ѝ䁥 � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = 繨. . 㔠㔠
103. 㔠 Ѝ㔰 ϝ Ѝ䁥 � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = �u㔰
104. � 㔠䁥Ѝ Ѝ䁥 � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = u瘄
105. Ѝ 䘟 SЍ 䘟� Ѝ䁥 � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = ¢Ȳ
106. Ѝȡ� S 䘟 Ѝ  㔰㌀ϝ Ѝ䁥 � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = Ѝ� Ѝu
107. u ⸲㔠Ȳ㔰- � ㌀ϝ � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = u
108. 㔠 ϝu ϝ - ¢ 瘄 Ѝ ㌀ϝ � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = .Ȳ㌵. 㔠 ϝu
109. Ѝ -Ѝ ϝ ¢ ㌀ϝ � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = Ȳ㌵.Ѝ Ѝ
110. 䁥 ⸲Ѝ ㌀ϝ � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = 繨㔰 . ϝu
111. 䁥 uЍ ㌀ϝ � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = 繨㔰 . ϝu
112. ϝ 香䘟¢ ȡЍ ㌵ ϝ繨 Ѝ ㌀ϝ � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = ㌵. . Ѝy
113. Ѝ繨 � Ѝ 䁥� ϝ ㌀ϝ � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = 繨. 㔠
114. Ѝ Ѝ ЍȡЍ �Ѝ 繨 � = ㌵繨㔠� 㔠
115. Ѝ�S ¢ � � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = 挰Ȳ
116. � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = ¢㐶
117. Ѝ  㔰 Ѝ�ȡ � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = 繨㤱Ȳ 瘄
118. " ㌵ϝ � ㌵ϝ Ѝ" Ѝ�ȡ � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = 䁥
119. S ㌀  Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ = S瘄Ȳ
120. ȡ Ѝ Ѝ � 繨㌵Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ � ȡ Ѝ䘟� = 㔠Ȳ u㌀
S Ѝ 㔠 ЍȡЍ 㔠 ȡ ㌀
1⸸ 㔠 ЍȡЍ � � 香㤱瘄Ȳϝ �㔠 ЍϝЍ 瘄
㔠 ЍȡЍ  ϝ ȡ繨Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ �Ѝ 繨Ѝ繨㔰 ЍȡЍ 瘄 ”
ϝ� ㌵ ȡ � 繨香 � Ѝ ЍЍ 繨Ѝ ȡ� � 䁥 ¢ Ѝ￀ �Ѝ Ѝϝ㔰 ȡ繨Ѝ Ѝ ϝЍ ㌀
㔠 ЍȡЍ 瘄 ”
㔠 ЍȡЍ SЍ �Ѝ Ѝ ϝȡ ЍȡЍ 瘄
¢ Ѝ 䘟㔠 ȡЍ ϝ� Ѝ Ѝ � y�繨㌵ Ȳlu Ѝ 香 ”

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2⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 uЍuЍЍ䘟 �Ѝ 繨香䘟ЍȡЍ ϝ� � Ѝ 繨ЍȡЍ 瘄

瘄 Ѝ䘟Ѝ㔰㐶 �㔠
�㔠 �㔠
�㔠ϝ⸲Ѝ �㔠
Ѝ �㔠
3⸸ ЍЍ ЍЍ � Ѝ�ȡ �㔠 ��Ѝ ϝu u㌀¢ S ЍЍ Ѝ �� ㌵ S㌵ ȡЍȡ㌵瘄

㔠⸲ S㌵
�㔠ϝ⸲Ѝ S㌵
u㌀¢ S S㌵
㔠ȡ 㤱 �㔠㐶㌀�
4⸸ SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ ȡ � 繨香 � Ѝ䘟ЍЍ 繨Ѝ ȡ� ϝ � ¢ Ѝ￀ �Ѝ Ѝϝ㔰 ȡ繨Ѝ Ѝ[ Ѝ

瘄” �繨 ϝ� 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � �Ѝ 瘄
ϝ�⸲㔠Ȳ㔰 �Ѝ
� �Ѝ
Ѝ �Ѝ
繨㔠 �Ȳ 繨㔠 �Ѝ
5⸸ SЍ � ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ 㤱 Ѝȡ㔰 ϝ� Ѝ 繨ЍȡЍ 瘄 ȡ繨Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ �Ѝ 賀㌀

㔠 ЍȡЍ � ЍȡЍ 瘄 �繨 ϝ� 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � �Ѝ 瘄
Ѝ �Ѝ
� �Ѝ
6⸸ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ� ¢ Ѝ � �䁥 ȡ �ϝ䁥 �Ѝ SЍ � 㤱㔠 SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ

� ЍȡЍ 瘄 �繨 ϝ� 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � �Ѝ 瘄
Ѝ �Ѝ
� �Ѝ
7⸸ SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ S瘄Ѝ� Ѝ�Ѝ �Ѝ 繨 � 賀瘄 ” �繨 ϝ� 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � �Ѝ 瘄
Ѝ
Ѝ ЍЍ
ЍЍ 㔠ϝ
㔠ϝ ЍЍ ㌵�Ѝ
㌵�Ѝ � �㔰
� �㔰 97
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繨. . u㌀⸲
㔠
繨� Ѝ
�䁥
8⸸ SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ S瘄Ѝ� 繨 ȡ ￀ � 㔠 ЍȡЍ ￀ �Ѝ 賀瘄 �繨 ϝ�

㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � �Ѝ 瘄
繨� Ѝ
㔠
�䁥
繨. . u㌀⸲
9⸸ SЍ �㔠 ϝ� Ѝ ϝϝ㔰ȡ Ѝ 㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 � Ѝ 㔰瘄 ” �繨 ϝ� 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � �Ѝ 瘄

. . � Ѝ
繨. . u㌀⸲
�䁥
㌵. . Ѝ
10⸸ SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ S瘄Ѝ� ЍS 㤱 ȡ � Ѝ�Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ 繨ȡ 賀瘄 ” �繨

ϝ� 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � �Ѝ 瘄
㌵. . Ѝ
�䁥
繨. . u㌀⸲
. . � Ѝ
11⸸ SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 Ѝ � Ѝ S Ѝ � ϝ㌵㌵

1890 㤱
1892 㤱
1889 㤱
1879 㤱

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12⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 ϝ� � Ѝ ￀ SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 Ѝ � Ѝ S Ѝ 1889 㤱

ϝ㌵㌵
u l � Ѝ ￀
繨l Ȳ㌵Ѝ㌵ � Ѝ ￀
繨㔠 �Ȳ 繨㔠 � Ѝ ￀
13⸸ SЍ ¢ �㔠 ȡЍ � �Ѝ ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝ� ȡS㌵ ȡ繨Ѝ Ѝ 㔠㌀ Ѝ�Ѝ 瘄 ЍϝЍ

ϝ� 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � �㔠瘄
繨l Ȳ㌵Ѝ㌵ �㔠
ul 㔠繨㌵ �㔠
繨㔠 �Ȳ 繨㔠 �㔠
14⸸ SЍ ¢ �㔠 ȡЍ � �Ѝ Ѝ�Ѝ 瘄繨 �㔠 Ѝ ȡЍ Ѝ ЍЍȡЍЍ ϝ � ϝ

� ȡЍ ¢ ㌵ � Ѝ Ѝȡ 香 ȡ �㔠 ЍЍȡ � ȡЍ 瘄 ” ЍϝЍ ϝ� SЍ SЍ ㌵ �㔠瘄
ul 㔠繨㌵ �㔠
15⸸ SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ �Ѝ 香 S瘄Ѝ� 繨 ȡ � ϝ Ѝ� �¢S ȡЍ 㤱㔠䘟Ѝ 䘟 Ѝ 瘄 ”

ЍϝЍ ϝ� SЍ SЍ ㌵ �㔠瘄
ul 㔠繨㌵ �㔠
� �㔠
16⸸ SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ Ѝ ЍȡЍ 瘄繨 Ѝ Sϝ ȡ繨Ѝ 賀 Ѝ �Ѝ 繨賀 ϝ� Ѝ

繨ЍȡЍ 瘄 ” ЍϝЍ ϝ� SЍ SЍ ㌵ �㔠瘄
繨l ⸲. Ѝ 㔰
Ѝ
Ѝ ЍЍ
ЍЍ 㔠ϝ
㔠ϝ ЍЍ ㌵�Ѝ
㌵�Ѝ � �㔰
� �㔰 97
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ul 㔠繨㌵ �㔠
17⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 Ѝ Ѝ ЍЍ䘟 � ȡ Ѝ䘟� 瘄

繨l 㔠�
ЍЍu
�㔠
�㔠ϝ⸲Ѝ
18⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 Ѝ  㔰ЍЍ䘟 � ȡ Ѝ䘟� 瘄

�㔠
�㔠ϝ⸲Ѝ
繨l 㔠�
ЍЍu
19⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 � � 䘟Ѝ � ȡ Ѝ䘟� 瘄

�Ȳ Ѝ Ȳ
Ѝ䘟Ѝ㔰㐶㔰
�¢u㔰 Ѝ
Ȳϝ
20⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱㔠Ѝ ϝϝЍ � � 䘟Ѝ � ȡ Ѝ䘟� 瘄
�Ȳ Ѝ Ȳ
Ȳϝ
Ѝ䘟Ѝ㔰㐶㔰
�¢u㔰 Ѝ
21⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ � 賀瘄

Ѝ � � Ѝ�SЍ ¢繨 Ѝ� ЍЍȡЍЍ ϝ �Ѝ 賀
Ѝ � �㔠 Ѝ�Ѝ Ѝ 繨Ѝ � �Ѝ 賀
䁥 ϝ繨 Ѝ� � �Ѝ 賀
㔠ȡ ㌵

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22⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 �� ㌵ SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠㔠䁥 ȡЍ ㌀� 瘄

SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ 賀 Ѝ � �㔠 Ѝ Ѝ䁥繨㔰￀ �㔠 ЍSϝȡЍ � Ѝ� � Ѝ�Ѝ �Ѝ ȡЍ 䘟Ѝ
� ȡЍ 瘄
SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ 賀 Ѝ � �㔠 Ѝ Ѝ䁥繨㔰￀ �㔠 Ѝ瘄 ȡ� Ѝ 香 ȡЍ � �㔠 Ѝ 㤱 Ѝ ȡЍ
䘟Ѝ � ȡЍ 瘄
SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ 賀 Ѝ � �㔠䁥ȡ 賀 Ѝ Ѝ䁥 �  㤱 Ѝ ȡЍ ㌀� � ȡЍ 瘄
SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ 賀 Ѝ � �㔠 Ѝ Ѝ䁥繨㔰￀ � ϝ Ѝ � � 㤱 Ѝ ȡЍ 䘟Ѝ � ȡЍ 瘄
23⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱䁥 �㔠 Ѝ Ѝȡ � ЍЍ �Ѝ � 瘄
¢
ЍȡЍ
ϝϝ
¢�ȡЍ
24⸸21Ѝ㌵� SȡЍ 䘟㌀㤱㔠 ЍȡЍ �Ѝ ¢[ Ѝ ȡ ¢

Ѝ Ѝ
Ѝ

�㔠㐶㌀�
25⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 ЍЍu 㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 ϝ� Ѝ Ѝ ϝЍ �㔠 Ѝ ЍЍ 繨

ȡ ЍЍЍ䘟 �㔠
uЍuЍЍ䘟 �㔠
Ѝ Ѝ ЍЍ䘟 �㔠
㔠ȡ ㌵ �㔠
26⸸ ϝ� ㌵㌵  �㔠䁥ȡ ЍЍȡЍЍ ϝ Ѝ� Ѝ Ѝ 䘟� y  ȡ ϝ䘟SЍ 㤱㔠Ѝ 繨Ѝ �ȡЍ 瘄

ЍϝЍ ϝ� 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � �㔠 ЍϝЍ ȡ㌵繨¢ ȡ㌵瘄
Ѝ¢ȲЍ繨㔰 �㔠
�㔠 �㔠
� �㔠
ЍЍu �㔠
27⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 1912 㤱 ϝ� � 䘟Ѝ �Ѝ ȡ Ѝ䘟 ¢
Ѝ
Ѝ ЍЍ
ЍЍ 㔠ϝ
㔠ϝ ЍЍ ㌵�Ѝ
㌵�Ѝ � �㔰
� �㔰 97
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Page 22
uЍu � 䘟Ѝ �Ѝ
� � 䘟Ѝ �Ѝ
㔠 ЍS ϝϝЍ � � 䘟Ѝ �Ѝ
ЍЍ 㔰ЍЍ䘟 � 䘟Ѝ �Ѝ
28⸸Ѝ¢ȲЍ繨㔰 � ¢ Ѝ 香ȡ㔠 u ϝ� �Ѝ �㔠 u 㔠ȡ㌵瘄

Ѝȡ u㌀
ϝЍ㔰 u
ϝЍ㔰 u Ѝ� Ѝȡ u㌀䘟㔠￀
㔠ȡ ㌵
29⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱䁥� 繨￀㔠 ϝ� � ЍЍ Ѝ ϝ� Ѝ Ѝ

�㔠ϝ⸲Ѝ � ЍЍ Ѝ
Ѝ䘟Ѝ㔰y � ЍЍ Ѝ
�㔠 � ЍЍ Ѝ
㔠ȡ ㌵ � ЍЍ Ѝ
30⸸�㔠 ЍЍ Ѝ 䁥� 繨￀ ϝ� Ѝ Ѝ 㔠 ϝ� � �䁥 ȡ 繨Ѝ
ϝ
香ȡ㔠 u㌀
香ȡ㔠 u㌀ ȡ繨Ѝ ϝ 䘟㔠￀
㔠ȡ ㌵
31⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 �Ѝ 㔰㔠繨㔰 ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ ȡ Ѝϝ䘟ȡ ϝ� Ѝ Ѝ

Ѝ㔰Ѝ ϝ㌵ Ѝ�ȡ
香ȡ㔠 u㌀ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ
ϝ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ
㔠ȡ ㌵
32⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱㔠u㔰 ϝ� Ѝ 繨Ѝ � 繨㔰� 繨

Ѝ㔰Ѝ ϝ㌵ Ѝ 繨Ѝ
ЍЍ 㔰ЍЍ䘟 Ѝ 繨Ѝ
香䘟¢ ϝ㌵ Ѝ 繨Ѝ
33⸸ 㔠u㔰 Ѝ㔰繨 ϝ� ¢ϝ￀ � �䁥 ȡ ЍS ϝϝ ϝ� Ѝ

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香ȡ㔠 u � �䁥 ȡ ¢ϝ￀ �Ѝ
ЍЍ Ѝ � ¢ϝ￀ �Ѝ
ȡ Ѝ � 香㌵ ¢ϝ￀ �Ѝ
㔠ȡ ㌵ �Ѝ
34⸸繨� Ѝ 㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 ϝ� �Ѝ �Ѝ ЍȡЍ Ѝ Ѝ 瘄

S¢ ЍȡЍ
� S� ЍȡЍ
S¢ ЍȡЍ
㔠ȡ ㌵
35⸸ Ѝ � � Ѝ�Ѝ �Ѝ 賀㤱繨Ѝ 㔠 ЍȡЍ 瘄 ϝ� Ѝ 繨Ѝ 㤱 �瘄 Ѝ ”

�繨 ϝ� 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � �Ѝ 瘄
Ѝ �Ѝ
� �Ѝ
36⸸ 㔠 ЍȡЍ � � 香㤱繨㔠 �Ȳ 繨㔠 �㔠 ЍϝЍ 瘄

¢ Ѝ 䘟㔠 ȡЍ ϝ� Ѝ Ѝ � y�繨㌵ Ȳlu Ѝ 香
㔠 ЍȡЍ 瘄 ”
37⸸ 㔠 ЍȡЍ � � 香㤱 � �㔠 ЍϝЍ 瘄

㔠 ЍȡЍ 瘄 ”
38⸸ 㔠 ЍȡЍ � � 香㤱繨㔠 �Ȳ 繨㔠 �㔠 ЍϝЍ 瘄

Ѝ
Ѝ ЍЍ
ЍЍ 㔠ϝ
㔠ϝ ЍЍ ㌵�Ѝ
㌵�Ѝ � �㔰
� �㔰 97
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Page 24

㔠 ЍȡЍ 瘄 ”
39⸸ 㔠 ЍȡЍ � � 香㤱 � �㔠 ЍϝЍ 瘄

㔠 ЍȡЍ SЍ �Ѝ Ѝ ϝȡ ЍȡЍ 瘄 ”
㔠 ЍȡЍ 瘄 ”
40⸸ � ϝ� 䘟S � Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � 繨
繨Ѝ Ѝ �
�Ѝ �
y� 㤱Ȳ �
yu ㌀ �
41⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 ϝ� ЍЍ ㌀ �Ѝ Ѝ㔰ϝ ϝ� Ѝ

Ѝ u㔠
㔠 Ѝu
Ѝ¢ȲЍ繨㔰
ϝ
42⸸ϝ ￀ � Ѝ賀 Ѝ � 㤱 �� Ѝ ¢ϝ Ѝ� ȡ 㔠ȡЍ 瘄

ЍЍ 繨�ȡЍ �Ѝ
瘄 ȡ�ȡЍ �Ѝ
Ѝ Ѝ �ȡЍ �Ѝ
� ȡ�ȡЍ �Ѝ
43⸸ Ѝ � 香 ȡ SЍ ϝ� �㔠䘟瘄瘄”
SЍ SЍ ￀ �㔠
㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � �ϝ䁥 �㔠
SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠
㔠ȡ ㌵ �㔠
44⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 �ȡЍ ЍЍ䘟㌀ ȡ” � 繨 � 瘄

ЍЍu

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繨 Ѝ Ѝ繨 Ѝ ϝ
�㔠 Ѝ �㔠ϝ⸲Ѝ
45⸸繨Ѝ 㔰ȲЍ㐶� SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ �Ѝ �瘄 Ѝ Ѝ 䘟Ѝ ϝ� Ѝ

ȡ Ѝ� u
ȡ
� S� u
㔠ȡ ㌵
46⸸ SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ � 香䘟㔰㤱 ЍЍ㔰䁥 � ¢ȡ �繨瘄

SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ 䘟S㔰 SЍ �㔠 � SЍϝЍ 瘄
SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 SЍ � 㤱 � SЍϝЍ 瘄
SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � 賀 Ѝ� Sϝ 瘄
SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ �Ѝ SЍȡ ЍȡЍ 瘄
47⸸ Ѝ �㤱ϝ ȡ SЍ � ϝ� 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � SЍ SЍ ￀ �Ѝ 賀 Ѝ � 香 ȡ ϝ� Ѝ

�㔠
Ѝ Ȳ
㔠
�
48⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 �Ȳ Ѝ Ȳ �㔠 Ѝ Ѝ ϝЍ 瘄

yȲ
㐶㔠
¢ 㐶㔠
㔠ȡ ㌵
49⸸ 㔠 � ȡ�㔠 Ѝ䁥㤱 ϝ� � 賀 � � � 㔠 �Ѝ 賀 ϝ� Ѝ 繨ЍȡЍ 瘄

香㌵ ¢ϝ繨 Ѝ
¢ϝ繨 Ѝ 香㌵
ϝ繨 Ѝ ȡϝ繨 Ѝ
㔠ȡ ㌵
50⸸ ㌀ϝ Ѝ䁥 ЍЍ Ѝ ϝ� �㔠 ϝ繨 Ѝ � �Ѝ 賀 ϝ� Ѝ 繨ЍȡЍ 瘄

�Ѝ � 㤱 Ѝ ￀ �㔠 ȡ ȡ Ѝ 香 ȡЍ � �Ѝ
Ѝ
Ѝ ЍЍ
ЍЍ 㔠ϝ
㔠ϝ ЍЍ ㌵�Ѝ
㌵�Ѝ � �㔰
� �㔰 97
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Ѝ � �㔠
Ѝ Ѝ ϝ ￀ �㔠
㔠ȡ ㌵ �Ѝ
51⸸ Ѝ � 香 ȡ SЍ” ϝ� �㔠䘟瘄
SЍ � Ѝ ㌀ � ϝ �㔠
Ѝ㔰 SЍ Ѝ �㔠
SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠
㔠ȡ ㌵ �㔠
52⸸ SЍ � ��¢䁥ȡ 繨㔰㤱 SЍ 䘟Ѝ �㔠繨Ѝȡ㌵瘄

ȡ 繨Ѝ
� Ѝ 繨Ѝ
繨㌵Ѝ ȡ
㔠ȡ ㌵
53⸸ Ѝ �￀ �㔠䁥 SЍ ㌀ � Ѝ � 㔠 ȡЍ ȡ繨Ѝ Ѝ 香ȡЍ � �Ѝ 賀 Ѝ ϝ� �Ѝ � Sϝ 㤱

ϝЍ 繨ЍȡЍ 瘄
¢�㌵ Sϝ 㤱
㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � Sϝ 㤱
Ѝϝϝ � Sϝ 㤱
㔠ȡ ㌵㤱
54⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 � Ѝ � Ѝ䁥 �Ѝ �Ѝ 賀 ϝ� ϝ� Ѝ 繨Ѝ
�Ѝ 㔰㌵. 瘄
繨l ϝЍ㌵
繨l ￀�
㔠ȡ 㤱 ϝ� ㌵㌀�
55⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 �Ѝ ЍȡЍ ϝ� � Ѝ 繨Ѝ

繨l ϝЍ㌵
Ȳ
ȡ¢
�
56⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 SЍ �Ѝ �㤱瘄

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S�
Ѝϝ Ѝ ȡ¢

㔠ȡ ㌵
57⸸ϝ �㔠  � ȡ繨Ѝ ȡ ϝ繨 Ѝ ϝ� 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � ȡЍ Ѝ

Ѝ Ȳ
u 㔰
繨� Ѝ
ȡ¢
58⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 Ѝ繨 ȡ Ѝ䁥 � ϝȡЍ 瘄

u㔰
繨㌵ Ѝ繨
繨㔠㔠
繨㔠㔰ȲЍ㐶�
59⸸ Ѝ �￀㤱 ϝ ￀ Ѝ� ȡ 㔠 ЍЍ ㌀ S ȡ Ѝ� 瘄
SЍ ㌀ �
Ѝ �
ЍЍ 繨�
㔠ȡ ㌵
60⸸Ѝ Ѝ ￀u ㌀ ȡ 㤱 SЍ ϝ� Ѝ賀䘟㌀繨Ѝȡ㌵瘄

㌵ȡ￀ ЍЍ Ѝ
ϝ ￀ ЍЍ Ѝ
Ѝ ￀ ЍЍ Ѝ
㔠ȡ ㌵ Ѝ賀￀ ЍЍ Ѝ
61⸸ Ѝ Ѝ¢�u ȡ繨Ѝ ϝu ϝ� ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝ � Ѝȡ㔰� 繨

uЍu ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝ �
Ѝ Ѝ ЍЍ䘟㌀ ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝ �
� ЍЍЍ䘟㌀ ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝ �
㔠ȡ ㌵ �
Ѝ
Ѝ ЍЍ
ЍЍ 㔠ϝ
㔠ϝ ЍЍ ㌵�Ѝ
㌵�Ѝ � �㔰
� �㔰 97
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62⸸ Ѝ � Ѝ �￀ �㔠 Ѝȡ 㔠ȡ㌵瘄
Ѝ繨 Ѝ 㔠㌵ Ѝȡ
Ѝ ϝ Ѝȡ
Ѝ ㌵ Ѝȡ
㔠ȡ ㌵
63⸸ �Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � 㔠 SЍ Ѝ ϝ� 䘟S 㤱繨Ѝ ȡ ¢㐶
繨Ѝ Ѝ
�Ѝ
繨㔰㌵
u
64⸸ Ѝ Ѝ ЍЍ䘟 �㔠 ¢[ ЍSϝȡЍ 瘄

Ѝ
㌀ϝ
㔠ȡ 䘟㔠￀
65⸸ Ѝ Ȳ �㔠 ȡ¢ Ѝ ϝ� �㔠
¢ 㤱 ȡ瘄 ȡ ¢ 繨 Ѝ繨
¢ 㤱 ȡ瘄 ȡ ¢ �
¢ 㤱 ȡ瘄 ȡ ¢ ϝ ϝ�Ȳ
㔠ȡ ㌵
66⸸ S�￀ �㔠 ȡ瘄 Ѝ ㌀ �㔠 Ѝ S Ѝ 㔠㌵ Ѝϝ

SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ
Ѝ ¢ ȡ�㤱
Ѝ 繨
Ѝ  Ѝ㔰
67⸸ Ѝ繨 ȡ Ѝ䁥㤱賀 ϝ� Ѝ 繨ЍȡЍ 瘄

� ϝ �㔠 ЍЍu �Ѝ 賀
Ѝ繨 � Ѝ �Ѝ 賀
Ѝ 繨� ￀ �Ѝ 賀

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68⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 ϝ� �Ѝ Ѝ � 瘄
SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ �Ѝ
㔠 ЍȡЍ �Ѝ
SЍ Ѝ  Ѝ㔰 �Ѝ
㔠ȡ ㌵ �Ѝ
69⸸ȡ 㔰 ȡ ȡ繨Ѝ ȡ ϝ� � � 瘄
ȡ Ѝ �
ȡ � �
S ㌀ �
¢ �
70⸸ 香ȡ㔠䘟S㔰 Ѝ䁥䘟ϝ ㌀ Ѝ䁥￀ Ѝ�ȡ 瘄

¢ Ѝ ㌵ Ѝ䁥
Ѝ㌵ Ѝ䁥
賀 Ѝ䁥
Ѝ㌵ ȡ Ѝ䁥
71⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 Ѝ Ѝ¢�u 㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 ȡЍ Ѝ 瘄

�Ѝ ЍȡЍ
Ѝ �Ѝ ЍȡЍ
ȡ Ѝ �Ѝ ЍȡЍ
Ѝ Ѝ �Ѝ ЍȡЍ
72⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱  ㌀㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 ȡЍ Ѝ 瘄

ȡ Ѝ �Ѝ ЍȡЍ
�Ѝ ЍȡЍ
Ѝ �Ѝ ЍȡЍ
Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ �Ѝ ЍȡЍ
73⸸ Ѝ Ѝ¢�u ϝ� �Ѝ � 㔠 ЍȡЍ � 繨 � Ѝ 繨Ѝȡ 瘄

㔠 Ѝ � 㔠 ЍȡЍ �
Ѝ�Ѝ Ѝ � 㔠 ЍȡЍ �
ȡ¢ Ѝ � 㔠 ЍȡЍ �
㔠ȡ ㌵ �
74⸸ lЍ ЍЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ � ϝ� Ѝ�ȡ �Ѝ ȡ Ѝ䘟 ϝ� Ѝ
Ѝ
Ѝ ЍЍ
ЍЍ 㔠ϝ
㔠ϝ ЍЍ ㌵�Ѝ
㌵�Ѝ � �㔰
� �㔰 97
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㔠 Ѝ � ¢�ϝ Ѝ�ȡ �
䁥 �ȡ ¢�ϝ Ѝ�ȡ �
香ȡ u Ѝ�ȡ �
ϝ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ �
75⸸ ȡ �㔠 �Ѝ䘟 Ѝ Ѝ ȡ 繨Ѝ �㔠 ¢ȡ Ѝ䁥瘄

㌀ϝ Ѝ䁥
ЍЍ ㌀ Ѝ䁥
ЍЍ �Ѝ Ѝ䁥
㔠ȡ ㌵
76⸸ 繨㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � 㔠 SЍ Ѝ 繨㔰㌵㤱 � 繨Ѝ ȡ ¢㐶

1878 㤱
1879 㤱
1880 㤱
1892 㤱
77⸸ SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ Ѝȡ㔰Ѝ 㤱 ϝ� Ѝ 㤱瘄

Ѝ ЍЍ 繨Ѝ 㤱
繨ЍЍ ㌵㤱
S瘄SЍЍЍ 繨Ѝ 㤱
ϝ�S㔠 ЍЍ 繨Ѝ 㤱
78⸸ 㔠 ЍȡЍ 賀 �㔠繨 ϝu� Ѝ䁥 �㔠香 ϝ� Ѝ ¢�Ѝ Ѝ 繨ЍȡЍ 瘄

¢Ѝ� S� Ѝ䁥
Ѝ�Ѝ Ѝ � Ѝ䁥
香ȡ㔠䘟S㔰 Ѝ䁥
㔠ȡ ㌵
79⸸ 㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 ϝ 䘟㔰S㔰 Ѝ䁥 � 繨 � 瘄

uЍ㐶Ȳ瘄
Ѝ¢ȲЍ繨㔰
繨. ㌵. ЍЍu
Ѝ Ȳ
80⸸ϝ� 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � � Ѝ �㔠 ȡ � Ѝ繨 ȡ ㌵賀 Ѝ 䘟 Ѝ Ѝϝ

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繨. ㌵. ЍЍu
Ѝ¢ȲЍ繨㔰
uЍ㐶Ȳ瘄
�Ȳ Ѝ Ȳ
81⸸ Ѝ � 香 ȡ SЍ �㔠 Ѝ Ѝ ϝ 㔠 ЍȡЍ � ϝ� � 䘟Ѝ 䘟㌀

u㔠uЍЍ䘟
� ЍЍЍ䘟
㔠Ѝ ϝϝЍЍ䘟
Ѝ Ѝ ЍЍ䘟
82⸸ ulu � 䘟Ѝ �Ѝ 繨香 ϝ� 䘟S 㤱 ¢

yu ㌀㤱
繨㔰㌵㤱
�Ѝ 㤱
繨瘄�Ѝ 㤱
83⸸ 䁥ЍЍ䘟㤱 ¢[ Ѝ 賀 Ѝ ϝ䘟 Ѝ 繨ЍȡЍ 瘄

�S ϝϝ㔰 �㔠
� ȡ ⸲ � �S �㔠
ϝϝ㔰 �S �㔠
㌵ �㔠
84⸸�� Ѝ � 䘟Ѝ 㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 ȡ Ѝ �Ѝ ЍȡЍ ” Ѝ ȡЍ 瘄

�Ѝ 㔰ЍЍ䘟
� ЍЍЍ䘟
䁥ЍЍ䘟
Ѝ Ѝ ЍЍ䘟
85⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱繨. ㌵. ЍЍu 㔠 ЍȡЍ � ϝ� � 䘟Ѝ �㔠 ϝ ȡ 㔠 ЍȡЍ ” �㔠

�ȡЍ 䘟㌀
� ЍЍЍ䘟 �㔠
�Ѝ 㔰ЍЍ䘟 �㔠
Ѝ Ѝ ЍЍ䘟 �㔠
䁥ЍЍ䘟 �㔠
Ѝ
Ѝ ЍЍ
ЍЍ 㔠ϝ
㔠ϝ ЍЍ ㌵�Ѝ
㌵�Ѝ � �㔰
� �㔰 97
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86⸸ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ ϝ� ȡ Ѝϝ䘟ȡ ϝ� Ѝ

繨l 㔠�
Ѝ 繨�
�Ȳ Ѝ Ȳ
�
87⸸ 繨Ѝ ㌵ yȡ Ѝ � 䁥 � 㔠㌵ Sϝ Ѝ䁥瘄
㌵ ϝ Ѝ䁥
㔰u Ѝ䁥
㔠 SЍ Ѝ Ѝ䁥
㔠ȡ ㌵
88⸸ ЍЍ 繨� 賀 �Ѝ 䁥 � Ѝ ϝ� 㤱㔠ȡЍ 瘄

ЍЍ 繨� ȡ Ѝ䁥￀㤱
ЍЍ 繨� ϝ ￀ � Ѝ�Ѝ 㤱
ЍЍ 繨� ￀㤱
ЍЍ 繨� ¢ Ѝ ￀㤱
89⸸ 繨ЍȡЍ 香 � ϝ ￀ Ѝ� Ѝ�ȡ￀ �Ѝ ¢ ϝ �¢�Ȳ㌵ Ѝ䁥 � ȡ㌵瘄

Ѝ繨 ȡ Ѝ䁥
ЍЍ䘟 ЍЍЍ䘟 Ѝ䁥
ЍЍ 繨� 賀 Ѝ䁥
㔠ȡ ㌵ Ѝ䁥 Ѝ�
90⸸ ЍЍ 繨� 賀 Ѝ �㔠 Ѝ繨 � �Ѝ � 㤱 ЍЍ㔰䁥 � ¢ȡ Ѝ䁥瘄

� Ѝ ㌵ Ѝ䁥
ЍЍ䘟 ЍЍЍ䘟 Ѝ䁥
Ѝ繨 ȡ Ѝ䁥
㔠ȡ ㌵ Ѝ䁥 Ѝ�
91⸸ 䁥 � 繨 Sȡ㔰 Ѝ 瘄
㌵ϝ ЍЍ �㔠 ϝЍ
㌵ϝ ЍЍ �Ѝ Ѝ � ȡ
㌵ϝ ЍЍ �㔠 ¢
㌵ϝ ЍЍ �㔠 Ѝȡ

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92⸸ 䁥 � Ѝȡ㌵ Sȡ㔰 Ѝ 瘄

㌵ϝ ЍЍ �㔠 ¢ ¢ϝ繨 Ѝ 쳌
㌵ϝ ЍЍ �㔠 Ѝȡ
93⸸ 䁥 � ȡȡ㌵ Sȡ㔰 Ѝ 瘄

㌵ϝ ЍЍ �㔠 ¢ 㔰
㌵ϝ ЍЍ �Ѝ
94⸸ 䁥 � ȡ¢繨㔰 Sȡ㔰 Ѝ 瘄

㌵ϝ ЍЍ �Ѝ  Ѝ
㌵ϝ ЍЍ �Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ �
㌵ϝ ЍЍ �Ѝ
95⸸ 䁥 Ѝ�ȡ Ѝ Ѝ 㤱繨Ѝ ㌵ Ѝȡ㔰瘄繨㔠  Ѝ 繨ЍЍ ¢ Ѝ � ϝЍ Ѝ 㔠ȡЍ

瘄 ” ЍϝЍ ϝ� Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � 䘟㌀
Ѝ
Ѝ 㔰
Ѝ¢ȲЍ繨㔰
䁥 ⸲㔠Ȳ㔰
96⸸ ¢ Ѝ Ѝ� Sϝ ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ 㤱 �S㔠㌀䁥瘄 ” ЍϝЍ ϝ� Ѝ瘄ȡЍ �

䘟㌀瘄
Ѝ 㔰
Ѝ¢ȲЍ繨㔰
Ѝ
䁥 ⸲㔠Ȳ㔰
97⸸ 䁥䘟ȡ￀ ȡЍ Ѝ ȡ ￀ �Ѝ 繨㔰瘄 ” ЍϝЍ ϝ� Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � 䘟㌀瘄

Ѝ 㔰
繨㔠 �Ȳ 繨㔠
Ѝ
Ѝ ЍЍ
ЍЍ 㔠ϝ
㔠ϝ ЍЍ ㌵�Ѝ
㌵�Ѝ � �㔰
� �㔰 97
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Ѝ¢ȲЍ繨㔰
䁥 ⸲㔠Ȳ㔰
98⸸ Ѝ Ѝ � �Ѝ ϝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝȡ㔰䁥瘄 ” ЍϝЍ ϝ� Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � 䘟㌀瘄

繨㔠 �Ȳ 繨㔠
Ѝ 㔰
䁥 ⸲㔠Ȳ㔰
Ѝ¢ȲЍ繨㔰
99⸸ ϝЍ㔰㔰ȡ Ѝ Ѝ 㤱 ¢ Ѝ ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝȡ㔰㌀䁥瘄 ЍϝЍ ϝ� Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � 䘟㌀

瘄
�Ѝ Ѝ
繨㔠 �Ȳ 繨㔠
䁥 ⸲㔠Ȳ㔰
Ѝ 㔰
100⸸ 䁥 ȡ 㤱 � Ѝȡ㔰瘄繨㔠 � ЍЍȡЍЍ ϝ � Ѝȡ㔰￀ � ¢ ϝ 㤱㔠ȡЍ 瘄

” ЍϝЍ ϝ� Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � 䘟㌀瘄
繨㔠 �Ȳ 繨㔠
䁥 ⸲㔠Ȳ㔰
Ѝ 㔰
㌵
101⸸ Ѝϝ㌵ � Ѝ Ѝ 㤱 Ѝȡ㔰 Ѝ Ѝ ㌀䁥 �Ѝ Ѝ 瘄 ” ЍϝЍ ϝ� Ѝ瘄ȡЍ �

䘟㌀瘄
繨㔠 �Ȳ 繨㔠
. . � Ѝ
䁥 ⸲㔠Ȳ㔰
Ѝ 㔰
102⸸1952 㤱 ϝ� SЍ SЍ ㌵ S㔠 ЍЍ Ѝ � Ѝ ϝ�S瘄SЍЍЍ 繨Ѝ Ѝ ЍЍ 繨Ѝ Ѝ�

Ѝ ЍЍ 繨Ѝ ϝ�S㔠 ЍЍ 繨Ѝ ȡ� ϝ �㔠 ȡ ȡ繨㔠繨Ѝȡ㌵瘄
Ѝ 㔰
㌵

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�Ѝ Ѝ
䁥 ⸲㔠Ȳ㔰
103⸸ Ѝ 香 ȡ ￀㤱 ȡЍ 쳌 㔠ȡ㌵瘄

Ѝ
� ㌀ �Ѝ �㔠
Ѝ
104⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 ϝ� 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � ȡЍ Ѝ ϝ� ϝ䘟㤱 ϝ� ㌵ �Ѝ 㔰 �㔠 � �㔠 ȡ ȡЍ

瘄 ȡ S㌵㌵ϝ ȡ 瘄
繨㔠㔰ȲЍ㐶�
lЍ ЍЍ
�㔠
Ѝ䘟Ѝ㔰y
105⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 ȡЍ Ѝ� Ѝ�ȡ � Ѝȡ㔰� �� 瘄

㌵
�㔠
繨㔠㔰ȲЍ㐶�
�㔠ϝ⸲Ѝ
106⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 ЍȡЍ Ѝ� Ѝ�ȡ � Ѝȡ㔰� �� 瘄

繨㔠㔰ȲЍ㐶�
�㔠
�㔠ϝ⸲Ѝ
㌵
107⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 ϝ ￀ � ȡЍ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ � Ѝȡ㔰� �� 瘄

Ѝ
繨㔠㔰ȲЍ㐶�
�㔠
�㔠ϝ⸲Ѝ
108⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 ЍЍ 㔰ЍЍ䘟 Ѝ�ȡ � Ѝȡ㔰� �� 瘄

㔠�
Ѝ
Ѝ ЍЍ
ЍЍ 㔠ϝ
㔠ϝ ЍЍ ㌵�Ѝ
㌵�Ѝ � �㔰
� �㔰 97
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l
�㔰
㔠ȡ ㌵
109⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 ϝ繨 Ѝ ϝȡ ¢ � �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ ȡ繨Ѝ ¢ 㔰 � Ѝ�ȡ � Ѝȡ㔰� �� 瘄

�㔰
繨㔠㔰ȲЍ㐶�
�
�㔠
110⸸ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ ϝ� ȡ¢ȡ ϝ� Ѝ

㌵. .
繨㔠㔰ȲЍ㐶�
lЍ 㔠Ѝ
111⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱䁥 �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ ㌀� 瘄

� 香 ЍЍ䘟 �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ
ȲlЍ ϝ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ
¢�ϝ ȡ ¢ϝ繨 Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ
¢ 㔰 �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ
112⸸Ѝ 繨 �㔠 �Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � 繨 S¢ � Ѝ㔰繨㔠 ϝ�
Ѝ
�㔠
繨㔠㔰ȲЍ㐶�
�㔠ϝ⸲Ѝ
113⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 �� 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � �Ѝ 㔠 ЍȡЍ � 㔠 ЍȡЍ ” Ѝ � 㔠繨 ЍЍ䘟”

� ЍȡЍ 瘄
Ѝ �Ѝ
繨㔠㔰ȲЍ㐶� �Ѝ
�㔠ϝ⸲Ѝ �Ѝ

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114⸸ uЍu � Ѝ�ȡ �Ѝ SЍ 㤱 ¢ 㔠瘄

繨 ȡ �Ѝ Ѝ u � �
䁥 ȡ � ¢�ϝ 繨 ȡ ￀ �Ѝ Ѝ㔰ϝ
Ѝ ϝ繨 Ѝ ЍЍ Ѝ ϝ㔠繨 ȡ¢ 㔠 Ѝ
㔠ȡ ㌵
115⸸ ϝ繨 ¢ � �Ѝ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 SЍ 㤱 �� Ѝ ¢ 㔠㌀� 瘄

Ѝ Ѝ �㔠 Ѝȡ Ѝ 䘟 Ѝ
ȡЍ ㌵ Ѝ �￀ � Ѝϝ 㤱
Ѝ Ѝ �㔠 Ѝȡ Ѝ 䘟 Ѝ
116⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 ϝ� 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ ¢ Ѝ 繨ȡ Ѝ Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ” � Ѝ

繨Ѝ Ѝ 繨ЍȡЍ 瘄
�㔰 �Ѝ
㌵. . �Ѝ
�㔠 �Ѝ
117⸸ 賀 Ѝ � �㔠 Ѝϝ �㔠 ϝ �㔠 Ѝ � � Ѝ 繨Ѝ 㤱 Ѝ ￀ �㔠䁥 � 䁥 � Ѝ ȡЍ

� 㤱 Ѝ� 䁥 � ¢ 㔰䘟Ѝ � 㤱 ȡ繨Ѝ ϝ �㔠 � ȡ Ѝ 繨Ѝ 㤱香 ϝ ȡ Ѝ ȡЍ � ”
�繨 ϝ� 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � � Ѝ�ȡ Ѝ ȡ 瘄
�Ѝ Ѝ �
� �
㌵. . �
䁥 ⸲㔠Ȳ㔰 �
118⸸ul �Ѝ 䁥Ѝ 䁥 �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ” 香 ϝ� Ѝ 繨Ѝ Ѝ 繨ЍȡЍ 瘄

䁥Ѝ uЍu Ѝ�ȡ
䁥Ѝ Ѝ繨㔰�ȡЍ Ѝ�ȡ Ѝ ЍSЍ Ѝ�ȡ
㔠繨 Ѝ Ѝ ЍЍ䘟
㔠ȡ ㌵
Ѝ
Ѝ ЍЍ
ЍЍ 㔠ϝ
㔠ϝ ЍЍ ㌵�Ѝ
㌵�Ѝ � �㔰
� �㔰 97
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119⸸Ѝ㔠⸲ 㤱 �㔠 ЍЍ Ѝ �ȡ 㔰 u 䁥 ” �Ѝ 㔠 � ϝ� Ѝ Ѝ
1921㤱
1922 㤱
1917 㤱
1920 㤱
120⸸ �ȡ 㔰 u 䁥 ” 㤱 Ѝ �㔠 ϝ� 繨ȡ 賀 Ѝ ϝ䘟 Ѝ 繨ЍȡЍ 瘄
� ϝϝ㔰繨ȡ
Ѝ � � 繨ȡ
ЍSϝ 繨ȡ
¢Ѝȡ 繨ȡ
121⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 u l ЍЍ Ѝ ȡ Ѝϝ䘟ȡ Ѝ�ȡ 瘄

㔠繨 Ѝ Ѝ ЍЍ䘟 �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ
¢ ЍЍ ȡ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ
ЍȡЍ Ѝ� Ѝ�ȡ
122⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱㌵瘄 ЍЍ Ѝ ȡ Ѝϝ䘟ȡ Ѝ�ȡ 瘄

Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ
Ѝ Ѝ ЍЍ䘟 �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ
ЍȡЍ Ѝ� Ѝ�ȡ
ЍЍ香 Ѝ� Ѝ S u Ѝ�ȡ
123⸸ Ѝ ϝЍ ЍЍ Ѝ 䁥 �瘄 Ѝ 㔠ȡЍ 瘄
� ЍЍSЍ ㌀
¢ȡ ЍЍSЍ ㌀
ЍЍ香
124⸸ ul 㔠繨㌵ � 3 � � 㤱 �Ѝ Ѝ 繨㔰 Ѝ 瘄
Ȳ
Ѝu㔰
瘄香Ȳ
㔠ȡ ㌵

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125⸸ȡ ȡЍ ȡ繨Ѝ �Ѝ 㔰 ϝ �㔠 ȡ 㤱 � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 �� Ѝ � 香㔠ȡЍ 瘄

�Ѝ 㔰 ϝ �㔠 ȡ ȡ ȡЍ � ¢ȡЍ繨Ѝ ¢ Ѝȡ㌵㔠ȡ㌵瘄
�Ѝ 㔰 ϝ �㔠 ȡ ȡ ȡЍ Ѝ Ѝȡ ȡ㌵瘄
�Ѝ 㔰 ϝ �㔠 ȡ ȡ繨Ѝ ȡ ȡЍ 䘟㔠￀㌀䁥 � 香 � 瘄
�Ѝ 㔰 ϝ �㔠 ȡ ȡ ȡЍ � Ѝ ¢ Ѝȡ㌵㔠ȡ㌵瘄
126⸸ � Ѝ � 䁥 �㔠䁥繨㔰� 繨 ȡ �Ѝ ϝ� �Ѝ ЍЍ ȡЍ 瘄

㌵ Ѝ 䁥 � 䁥 � ȡЍ 瘄
ϝ� ㌵ �Ѝ �Ѝ ЍЍ ㌀� ȡЍ 瘄
㌀ Ѝ � 䁥 � ȡЍ 瘄
127⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 ϝ� 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � 㔠 �¢ ȡ ϝ�
繨㔠㔰ȲЍ㐶�
Ѝ
lЍ 㔠Ѝ
�㔠
128⸸�㔠 ¢ȡЍ ” 㔠 ϝ� Ѝ ¢ ȡЍ ϝ� �Ѝ Ѝ 繨Ѝ
ȡ �Ѝ Ѝ
䁥� Ѝ繨㌵
�¢ȡЍ
ϝ Ѝ
129⸸�Ѝ Ѝȡ 䁥 � ϝ� 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � ϝ䘟 Ѝ
㌵. ⸲. �
uϝ
�Ȳ Ѝ Ȳ
繨 u㔰
130⸸ ȡ ȡЍ �Ѝ ” 䁥 �Ѝ ϝ� �Ѝ �Ѝ 瘄
¢[
Ѝ �
�ϝ
㔠ȡ ㌵
131⸸繨Ѝ 㔰ȲЍ㐶� � 䁥㤱 ЍЍ㔰䁥 � Ѝ ȡЍ ϝ� �㔠瘄
Ѝ
Ѝ ЍЍ
ЍЍ 㔠ϝ
㔠ϝ ЍЍ ㌵�Ѝ
㌵�Ѝ � �㔰
� �㔰 97
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ȡ ȡЍ �㔠
 Ѝ �㔠
�Ѝ Ѝ ȡ �㔠
ЍЍ �㔠
132⸸ 䁥 �Ѝ �㔠 Ѝ�ȡ” ϝ� 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � ЍЍ Ѝ ϝ䘟 Ѝ Ѝ

㌵. ⸲. � ЍЍ Ѝ
uϝ ЍЍ Ѝ
繨㔠㔰ȲЍ㐶� ЍЍ Ѝ
繨 u㔰 ЍЍ Ѝ
133⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 ϝ� � ¢� ϝ Ѝ � Ѝ ȡЍ ЍЍȡ � ȡЍ 瘄

S�￀ �
䘟㔠 ȡ￀ Ѝϝ� ￀ �
ЍȡЍ ȡЍ �
㔠ȡ ㌵ �
134⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱䁥 �㔠 Ѝ Ѝȡ � ЍЍ �Ѝ � 瘄 ЍЍ
ϝЍ
䁥
SЍ ㌀ � S ȡ
¢ 㔰
135⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 �Ѝ ϝ� �Ѝ �Ѝ � 瘄

繨㔰ȡ �
y ȡ �
Ѝ� ȡ� �
㔠ȡ ㌵ �Ѝ �Ѝ
136⸸ Ѝ uȡЍ � 㤱 ЍЍ 㔠ȡ 瘄

Ѝ u
Ѝ u
ЍЍ香
137⸸ 1879 㤱 Ѝ¢�u ϝ� Ѝ䁥 �㔠 Ѝ Ѝ � 㔠 � Ѝ 㤱 � ϝ� Ѝ

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繨㌵Ѝ Ѝȡ Ѝ䁥
㔠 Ѝ � Ѝ䁥 �㔠
ЍЍ ㌀ Ѝ䁥
㔠Ѝ ϝϝЍ � Ѝ䁥
138⸸ ¢ Ѝ Ѝ� Ѝϝ ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ 㤱 Ѝȡ㔰 Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ � ЍȡЍ 瘄

�￀ �Ѝ S
Ѝ Ѝ �¢S ȡЍ
 ȡЍ
䁥
139⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱䘟ȡ 㔠ȡ㌵瘄

�Ѝ䘟 Ѝ � ϝ繨 Ѝ
ϝ �Ѝ Ѝ � ϝ繨 Ѝ
ϝЍ㔰 ¢ Ѝ￀ �㔠 ¢ ЍЍ ȡ
㔠ȡ ㌵
140⸸ȡЍ Ѝ � 䁥 Ѝ� 䁥 �Ѝ䘟 Ѝ � 䁥 Ѝ 瘄

䁥 � �Ѝ
䁥 �㔠 Ѝ 繨Ѝ
䁥 �㔠 �ȡ
䁥繨Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ ϝ
141⸸ ㌵. ⸲. � �Ѝ u㤱u㔠⸲㔠 ϝ� �Ѝ � � ȡЍ 瘄
Ѝ � ȡ �Ѝ
ȡ Ѝ �Ѝ
䁥繨Ѝ Ѝ香ȡ ϝ �Ѝ
㔠ȡ ㌵ �Ѝ
142⸸ 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � . . 繨Ѝ Ȳ ϝ� �Ѝ � ¢䘟S � 繨 � 繨

SЍϝЍ � 繨 ȡ ¢䘟S �
¢�ϝ ȡ 繨 ȡ ¢䘟S �
�ϝ Ѝ 繨 ȡ ¢䘟S �
㔠ȡ ㌵ �
Ѝ
Ѝ ЍЍ
ЍЍ 㔠ϝ
㔠ϝ ЍЍ ㌵�Ѝ
㌵�Ѝ � �㔰
� �㔰 97
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143⸸ Ѝ㐶 � ¢ Ѝ ¢ Ѝ 瘄
Ѝ ȡ繨Ѝ ¢ �㔠 S ȡ
�Ѝ ¢ �㔠 S ȡ
�Ѝ Ѝ �㔠 S ȡ
144⸸ ȡ繨� ¢�ϝ Ѝ�ȡ �Ѝ � 香 ϝ� 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � 瘄

㌵. ⸲. �
繨㔠㔰ȲЍ㐶�
uϝ
繨 u㔰
145⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 ϝ� Ѝ 㔠 ЍȡЍ ㌵  ㌀㔠 � � Ѝ� ϝ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ

ȡ Ѝϝ䘟ȡ ϝ� Ѝ
�
lЍ 㔠Ѝ
�㔠
繨㔠㔰ȲЍ㐶�
146⸸ ¢ ЍЍ ȡ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ ϝ� 㔠 ЍȡЍ ㌵ � �䁥 ȡ 瘄

繨 u㔰
u l
�
Ѝ Ȳ
147⸸ 䁥 � �䁥 ȡ ¢ ȡϝ繨 Ѝ �Ѝ ϝ� ϝ㌵ �Ѝ 瘄
¢[
�ϝ
¢[ Ѝ� �ϝ 䘟㔠￀ �Ѝ �Ѝ
148⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 �� ㌵䁥 �㔠 Ѝ䁥瘄
ϝ� ㌵ϝ Ѝ
¢ � ϝ Ѝ
� � ϝ Ѝ

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㔠ȡ ㌵
149⸸ ϝЍ ȡ繨Ѝ 香 ϝ �㔠 ϝ繨 Ѝ �㔠 Ѝ 䘟Ѝ � ȡ 瘄
ϝЍ
Ѝ Ѝ 香 � ȡ 瘄
㔠ȡ 䘟㔠￀
150⸸ ϝ ЍЍ ȡ Ѝ� 繨 ȡ �Ѝ � � ȡ ȡЍ �Ѝ � ȡЍ 瘄 ” ϝ� 㔠 ЍȡЍ ㌵
�Ѝ �繨瘄
Ѝ �Ѝ
¢Ȳ �Ѝ
Ѝ u㔠 �Ѝ
㌵u �Ѝ
151⸸ ㌵ϝ Ѝ 䘟ȡ￀ ȡЍ Ѝ ȡ ￀ �Ѝ 繨㔰瘄 ” ϝ� 㔠 ЍȡЍ ㌵ �Ѝ �繨瘄

Ѝ �Ѝ
Ѝ Ȳ �Ѝ
繨� Ѝ �Ѝ
152⸸ 繨Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ ϝ ȡ 繨 ȡ ￀㤱 ȡ Ѝ Ѝ 㤱㔠 �ȡЍ 瘄 ” ϝ� 㔠 ЍȡЍ ㌵ �Ѝ

�繨瘄
� �Ѝ
繨㔠 �Ѝ
Ѝ 㔰 �Ѝ
�Ѝ
153⸸ ϝЍ �Ѝ 㔰 �㔠 Ѝ � � 繨Ѝ ㌀ ϝ ȡ � �㔠 ϝ繨 Ѝ 瘄 ” ϝ�
㔠 ЍȡЍ ㌵ �Ѝ �繨瘄
¢Ȳ �Ѝ
� �Ѝ
繨㔠 �Ѝ
�Ѝ
154⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 ЍЍ ϝЍ �Ѝ ЍЍ ȡЍ 㤱繨㔰 Ѝ 瘄
Ѝ
Ѝ ЍЍ
ЍЍ 㔠ϝ
㔠ϝ ЍЍ ㌵�Ѝ
㌵�Ѝ � �㔰
� �㔰 97
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Ѝ�Ѝ Ѝ � ϝЍ �㔠
�Ѝ Ѝ � ϝЍ �㔠
ȡЍ Ѝ � ϝЍ �㔠
155⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 ϝ� � ЍЍ Ѝ S� Ѝ � � Ѝ Ѝ 㤱 Ѝȡ㔰 � ȡЍ 瘄

¢ 㔰 ЍЍ Ѝ
S� Ѝ ЍЍ Ѝ
㔠ȡ 䘟㔠￀ � ЍЍ Ѝ
156⸸ Ѝ �￀㤱 ¢SЍ �㔠 ЍЍ Ѝ ϝ� �㔠䁥 ϝ � Ѝ� ȡ 㔠ȡ㌵瘄

䘟S �㔠䁥 ϝ �
Ѝ ¢Ѝϝ￀ �㔠 Ѝȡ㔠 Ѝ 䘟ȡ￀ �㔠䁥 ϝ �
ȡ ¢ϝ￀ �㔠䁥 ϝ �
㔠ȡ ㌵
157⸸繨l � ¢ Ѝ ϝЍ Ѝ �￀㤱香 � �㔠 � Ѝ 瘄 ” ȡ 繨Ѝ 㤱
¢ȡ Ѝ� Ѝ 㔠 Ѝ
ȡЍ
䁥
䘟S㔰
㔠ȡ ㌵
158⸸繨㔠 �Ȳ 繨㔠 � ¢ Ѝ � ȡ �㔠 ϝ繨 Ѝ �㔠 ¢ 㤱 Ѝ ȡЍ 䘟ȡ 挰繨 � �㔠
�㔠㔠ȡ㌵瘄 ” ȡ 繨Ѝ 㤱 ¢ȡ Ѝ� Ѝ 㔠 Ѝ
y Ѝ
Ѝ �ȡЍ
159⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 ϝЍ Ѝ䁥 � Ѝ 瘄
ȡ Ѝ香 ЍȡЍ
Ѝϝϝ � �Ѝ 㔰
S� Ѝ
㔠ȡ ㌵

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160⸸y 香￀ � ¢ Ѝ￀ ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝ ȡ¢ � � Ѝ 㤱 �瘄 ȡЍ �ȡ 瘄香㤱
ϝ�
ϝ� �
ϝ�
㔠ȡ ㌵ ϝ繨 Ѝ � ЍЍ Ѝ
161⸸ ϝ� ㌵ Ѝȡ �㔠  ȡ Ѝ䘟 ϝ �  ȡ ㌵ϝ Ѝ ㌵ Ѝ䘟Ѝ Ѝ㐶繨㌵ȡ

Ѝ 瘄 ” �繨 ϝ� 㔠 ЍȡЍ ㌵ �Ѝ 瘄
� �Ѝ
䁥 ⸲㔠Ȳ㔰 �Ѝ
Ѝ 㔰
�Ѝ
162⸸ 繨Ѝ ㌵ ȡ �㔠 Ѝȡ￀ �㔠 ЍSϝȡЍ 㔠ȡ㌵瘄

繨Ѝ ㌵ ȡ �㔠 Ѝȡ㤱 SЍ Ѝ䘟 ȡ㌵瘄
繨Ѝ ㌵ ȡ �㔠 Ѝȡ㤱 � Ѝ繨 ¢� ㌀㔠繨Ѝȡ㌵瘄
繨Ѝ ㌵ ȡ �㔠 Ѝȡ㤱 Ѝ䘟 � Ѝ䘟繨Ѝȡ㌵瘄
163⸸ ϝ繨 ȡ �㔠 Ѝ ЍSϝȡЍ 㔠ȡ㌵瘄

Ѝ � ¢ 㔠 Ѝ䘟㌀� ȡ㌵瘄
SЍ Ѝ䘟 ȡ㌵瘄
Ѝ � ¢ 㔠 Ѝ䘟繨Ѝȡ㌵瘄
164⸸ϝ� ㌵ � �Ѝ �Ѝ ЍЍ �㔠 Ѝ䘟䘟¢ ЍЍ �㔠 Ѝ䘟 Ѝȡ㔠㌀繨Ѝȡ㌵瘄

ϝ� � �Ѝ ϝ 㔠ȡЍ 瘄
ȡ � �㔠 ϝ繨 ЍS㌵ ȡЍ � ЍЍ Ѝ
ȡ繨 ȡ � ЍЍ Ѝ
ЍЍ Ѝ  㔰 ЍЍ Ѝ
㔠ȡ ㌵ � ЍЍ Ѝ
165⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱㔠 ЍЍ � �Ѝ 䘟 Ѝ ϝ 瘄
䘟¢ϝ㌵ Ѝ� ㌀ ȡ SЍ 䘟¢ϝ￀ �Ѝ ㌀ ϝ � ȡЍ 瘄
�Ѝ㌵ ȡ SЍ �Ѝ¢� Ѝȡ￀ �Ѝ ㌀ ϝ � ȡЍ 瘄
Ѝ
Ѝ ЍЍ
ЍЍ 㔠ϝ
㔠ϝ ЍЍ ㌵�Ѝ
㌵�Ѝ � �㔰
� �㔰 97
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ϝ⸲¢ ȡ ȡ SЍ  Ѝȡ￀ �Ѝ ㌀ ϝ � ȡЍ 瘄

㔠ȡ ㌵
166⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 ϝ香Ȳ Ѝ䁥 ϝ� � 㔠㌵瘄

� ¢ ЍЍ Ѝ �￀ �
ㄠ㤱㔠u Ѝ �￀ �
Ѝ Ѝ ϝ Ѝ �￀ �
㔠ȡ ㌵ �Ѝ � Ѝ �￀ �
167⸸ ϝ䘟 �㔠㐶 Ѝ � ㌀ Ѝ䘟 � ȡЍ 瘄 ȡ㔠 �� ㌵ Ѝ䁥 � Ѝȡ㌵瘄

ϝ繨 Ѝ䁥
繨 Ѝ䁥
Ѝ䁥
Ѝ䁥
168⸸ 㐶 Ѝȡ￀ �㔠㌵ϝ Ѝ ¢ Ѝ ㌵ Ѝȡ￀㤱 Ѝ Ѝ ȲЍ Ѝ 瘄 ȡ繨Ѝ ¢ Ѝ ㌵ Ѝȡ￀ �㔠 Ѝ䘟 � Ѝ 䙠 Ѝȡ￀ �㔠

ϝ 㤱 Ѝ Ѝ ȲЍ Ѝ 瘄 ” �繨 ϝ� Ѝ 㔠 ЍȡЍ ㌵ �Ѝ 瘄
㔠 �Ѝ
Ѝ Ȳ �Ѝ
Ѝ¢ȲЍ繨㔰 �Ѝ
䁥 ⸲㔠Ȳ㔰 �Ѝ
169⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱㌵. . ЍЍ Ѝ ȡ Ѝϝ䘟ȡ Ѝ�ȡ 瘄

�ȡ 㔰 u �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ
Ѝ�ȡ
¢ ЍЍ ȡ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ
170⸸ 香䁥 쳌 쳌香㜷㜮香浔㰍〰香㜮䁥㤵㜮㰍㜷″ �㔠 SЍ 㤱 � Ȫϝȡ 㔠䁥 ȡЍ 瘄 ЍЍ

y 㤱  Ѝ ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ繨䁥 �㔠 ϝ� ㌵㌵ �Ѝ 㔰㤱 �¢S Ѝ Ѝ 繨Ѝ �ȡЍ 瘄
y � ЍЍ Ѝ ȡ ￀ Ѝ� ϝ ￀ �Ѝ Ѝ� ϝ ϝ� Ѝ ϝ� Ѝ 繨Ѝ �ȡЍ 瘄
y � ЍЍ Ѝ 㔠Ѝ ȡ ￀ �Ѝ Ѝ�Ѝ ϝ� Ѝ 繨Ѝ �ȡЍ 瘄
ЍȡЍ Ѝ Ȫϝȡ Ѝϝ ￀ � �ȡ 㔠㌵
171⸸ϝ� ㌵㌵  �Ѝ 㔰 � �Ѝ Ѝ � ¢ 㔰 ȡ繨Ѝ ȡ �Ѝ 㔰 � Ѝ�Ѝ Ѝ � ¢ 㔰

䘟 �㔠 Ѝ 繨Ѝ ϝ� Ѝ�ȡ 㤱瘄

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� 香 ȡϝ繨 Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ 㤱
ϝ繨 Ѝ ϝȡ ¢ � Ѝ�ȡ 㤱
香㌵ ¢ϝ繨 Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ 㤱
¢ 㔰 Ѝ�ȡ 㤱
172⸸ S� �㔠 SЍ Ѝϝ Ѝ ȡ¢ ȡ繨Ѝ 䁥 ϝ繨 Ѝ � �㔠䘟㔠 Ѝ Ѝ Ѝϝ ȡЍϝ� Ѝ �￀ �㔠䘟ȡ￀

�㔠 ȡ Ѝ Ѝ 繨Ѝ � ЍЍ ϝ� Ѝ�ȡ Ѝ ȡ 瘄
� Ѝ�ȡ
Ѝ䁥 � Ѝ�ȡ
㌀ y香⸲㔠㔰㤱u Ѝ�ȡ
㔠ȡ ㌵ Ѝ�ȡ￀
173⸸繨㔠 . ϝ 䁥 �Ѝ �� Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ ȡ¢ȡ ϝ� Ѝ

繨Ѝ Ѝ 香 ȡЍ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ
香Ѝϝϝ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ
䘟SЍ �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ
香 ЍЍ䘟 �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ
174⸸ ȲЍȲ㔰 u㔠䁥 �Ѝ �� Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ ȡ¢ȡ ϝ� Ѝ

175⸸ Ȳ Ѝ ϝ繨㌀䁥 �Ѝ �� Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ ȡ¢ȡ ϝ� Ѝ

176⸸ ¢ 䁥 �Ѝ �� Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ ȡ¢ȡ ϝ� Ѝ

Ѝ
Ѝ ЍЍ
ЍЍ 㔠ϝ
㔠ϝ ЍЍ ㌵�Ѝ
㌵�Ѝ � �㔰
� �㔰 97
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SЍ 䘟� 䁥 �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ
177⸸ u㌀䁥 �Ѝ �� Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ ȡ¢ȡ ϝ� Ѝ

¢� ϝ ЍЍ Ѝ 䁥 �Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ
178⸸ Ѝ�ȡ ȡ Ѝϝ䘟ȡ � ЍЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ ㌵ �¢u㔰 Ѝ ϝ� 䘟S � 繨

繨Ѝ Ѝ
繨㔰㌵
�Ѝ
Ѝ�
179⸸ ¢� Ѝȡ 繨Ѝ
㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ �
� 䘟ЍS㔰 �
䁥ϝ� �
㔠ȡ ㌵
180⸸ ¢� Ѝȡ �㔠賀 ȡ �㔠 Ѝ � Ѝ 繨ЍȡЍ 瘄
ЍЍ Ѝ � ȡ
�Ѝ � ȡ
Ѝ � ȡ
Ѝ香 ЍЍ � ȡ
181⸸Ѝ䘟Ѝ㔰y �㔠 ȡ繨Ѝ �㔠ϝ⸲Ѝ ϝ� 䘟S � 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � 繨

u �
�
繨㔰㌵ �
�Ѝ �
182⸸ Ѝ ㌀ � ￀ ЍЍ Ѝ ㌀ϝ ϝ� ϝ� Ѝ
¢� Ѝȡ
㔠SЍ

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ϝ� ϝ �
Ѝ¢�u
183⸸ Ѝ ㌀ � ￀ ЍЍ Ѝ ㌀ϝ ϝ Ѝ䁥 �Ѝ Ѝ㔰ϝ 㔠SЍ ЍЍ Ѝ � ϝ� Ѝ Ѝ

1920 㤱
1927 㤱
1921 㤱
1918 㤱
184⸸ Ѝ ㌀ � ￀ ЍЍ Ѝ ㌀ϝ ϝ Ѝ䁥 �Ѝ Ѝ㔰ϝ � ЍЍ Ѝ 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � 㔠SЍ

ϝ� 䘟S �Ѝ 繨Ѝ
Ѝu繨挰Ȳ �Ѝ 繨㔰㌵ �Ѝ
u �Ѝ �Ѝ
185⸸ ¢ � � 香㤱 ЍЍ ϝ ЍЍ Ѝ 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � �� 繨Ѝ

瘄 u
瘄㔠繨l ϝЍ㌵
186⸸ ¢ ϝ� � ЍЍ 㔠ȡ㌵瘄

Ѝ � ¢ ЍЍ ȡ Ѝ� ¢ 100
Ѝ � ¢ ЍЍ ȡ Ѝ� ¢ 100
Ѝ � ¢ ЍЍ ȡ Ѝ� ¢ 100
Ѝ � ¢ +ЍЍ ȡ Ѝ� ¢ 100
187⸸瘄㔠 � ¢ Ѝ � ϝ�ȡ �Ѝ � 㔠ȡ 瘄
� �Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝȡ �Ѝ �
ȡ㌵ �Ѝ � 䘟㔠 �Ѝ �
188⸸ ϝϝ Ѝ Ѝ ȡ繨Ѝ Ѝ ϝ� �Ѝ � � 瘄
繨香繨Ѝȡ � Ѝ繨 � �
繨㔰ȡ � ЍS Ѝ 䘟㔠￀
Ѝ
Ѝ ЍЍ
ЍЍ 㔠ϝ
㔠ϝ ЍЍ ㌵�Ѝ
㌵�Ѝ � �㔰
� �㔰 97
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189⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 Ѝ繨 � � ㌀� 瘄
ϝϝ Ѝ Ѝ
䁥 Ѝ
190⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱繨㔰ȡ � ㌀� 瘄

Ѝϝϝ �ȡЍ �㔠 ЍЍ Ѝ 䁥
䘟ȡ ϝϝ
191⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 �￀ �Ѝ �Ѝ �� Ѝ ㌀� 瘄
Ѝ繨 � � 繨㔰ȡ �
繨香繨Ѝȡ � 㔠ȡ 㤱 �㔠㐶㌀�
192⸸繨㌵Ѝ �Ѝ  ϝ� �Ѝ �Ѝ � 瘄
Ѝ繨 � � 繨㔰ȡ �
繨香繨Ѝȡ � 㔠ȡ ㌵
193⸸ ȡ ȡ 䁥 ϝ� �Ѝ �Ѝ � 瘄
Ѝ繨 � � 繨香繨Ѝȡ �
繨㔰ȡ � 㔠ȡ ㌵
194⸸ SЍ ϝЍ ㌀㤱 ¢� ϝ �㔠 ЍSϝ Ѝ 䘟 ЍЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ ㌵繨

Ѝ䘟Ѝ㔰y 繨� Ѝ
㔠 Ѝ u㔠
195⸸ ЍȡЍ 繨㌵ Ѝȡ Ѝ ȡ¢ � � Ѝ Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ � ЍȡЍ 瘄 ” �繨 ϝ� �Ѝ 瘄

Ȳϝ �Ѝ 㔠SЍ �Ѝ

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¢� Ѝȡ �Ѝ ϝ� ϝ � �Ѝ
196⸸繨 ȡ� ㌵ SЍ �Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ[ ЍȡЍ ϝ� Ѝ Ѝ 繨ЍȡЍ 瘄

Ȳϝ �㔠㔠SЍ �㔠
繨l ϝЍ㌵ �㔠 ¢� Ѝȡ �㔠
198⸸Ѝȡ㔰Ѝ 㔠 ЍȡЍ 瘄
ȡ � �Ѝ ЍȡЍ Ѝ Ѝ �Ѝ ЍȡЍ
ȡ Ѝ �Ѝ ЍȡЍ Ѝ �Ѝ ЍȡЍ
198⸸ 䁥 ⸲㔠Ȳ㔰 � ¢ � ㌵ Ѝ�ȡ 瘄

�ȡ Ѝ Ѝ香ȡ Ѝȡ Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ
Ѝ㌵ ¢ Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ
199⸸ 瘄ϝu S 䘟 ‘ Ѝy�㔠’ �Ѝ 繨㔰瘄
ȡ Ѝ
Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ
200. Ѝ㐶ϝ�  Ѝ ЍЍ Ѝ �¢u  Ѝ Ѝ S㌵㌵ϝ ȡЍ 瘄瘄
Sϝ香繨Ѝ Ѝ香ȡ ϝ � Ѝȡ 繨Ѝ Ѝ香ȡ ϝ
ϝЍ � 繨Ѝ Ѝ香ȡ ϝ Ѝ � 繨Ѝ Ѝ香ȡ ϝ
Ѝ
Ѝ ЍЍ
ЍЍ 㔠ϝ
㔠ϝ ЍЍ ㌵�Ѝ
㌵�Ѝ � �㔰
� �㔰 97
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Page 52

The Laws of Human Nature

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2. ЍЍ㌵ ЍЍ�Ѝ �䘟 � ¢ Ѝ , “ ¢ 㤱 香ȡ 㔰ϝ ȡ ϝϝ㔰ȡЍ �㔠 ȡ � Ѝ ㌀ SЍ 瘄 ”

 㔠 ЍȡЍ S 䘟 �Ѝ SЍ 䘟� 繨㔰 ‘ �Ѝ ЍȡЍ ’ 瘄  㔠 ЍȡЍ S 䘟 �Ѝ �䁥繨㌵ Ѝ Ѝ繨㔰� S 䘟

1. ЍЍu � ¢ Ѝ , “  㔠 ЍȡЍ , Ѝ Ѝ �Ѝ ȡ Ѝ S¢ ЍȡЍ 瘄 ”

SЍ  㔠 ЍȡЍ 䘟㔠 S 䘟￀ �  Ѝ 瘄, SЍ+ 㔠 ЍȡЍ 繨 �Ѝ SЍ 䘟� 繨㔰 瘄, " SЍ

 SЍ  㔠 ЍȡЍ S瘄Ѝ� 繨 ȡ ￀ 㤱 Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ �Ѝ 賀 � ȡЍ 瘄

Prepared by- y Ѝ ЍЍ Ȳ Ѝ Ѝ  Ѝ Page 3

3. Ḹழ Ѝ Ѝ ЍȡЍ - 19 Ѝ㌵� SȡЍ 䘟㌀ 㤱  㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 ȡ Ѝ �Ѝ ЍȡЍ � Ѝ Ѝ y 繨㔰 � 繨㔰�

SЍ  㔠 ЍȡЍ � �㔠 ㌵Ѝ 쳌 ㌵ Ѝ㔰 ȡ ㌀ 㔠 �㔠 瘄

㌵ϝ Ѝ Ѝ 䁥  � Ѝ � ȡȡ Ѝ� 繨㌵Ѝ 㔰香ȡ  ЍЍ ㌀ ϝ繨 Ѝ 瘄  ¢ 繨香 �

Prepared by- y Ѝ ЍЍ Ȳ Ѝ Ѝ  Ѝ Page 5

 Ѝ�ȡ 繨Ѝ 㔰ȲЍy� ЍЍ Ѝ 1913 㐶. 㤱 ϝ䘟 Ѝ Ѝ

Prepared by- y Ѝ ЍЍ Ȳ Ѝ Ѝ  Ѝ Page 7

ȡ ȡ� 繨Ѝ ㌀ ȡЍ 瘄 繨 ȡ� ϝ� ㌀ ȡϝ繨 Ѝ ЍЍ Ѝ  Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ ЍЍȡ ㌀� 㔠 繨ЍȡЍ 瘄 Ѝ

Prepared by- y Ѝ ЍЍ Ȳ Ѝ Ѝ  Ѝ Page 9

9. 繨Ѝ 㔰ȲЍy� � ¢ Ѝ Ѝ ȡ � u�㔠ϝ ȡ ȡϝ繨 Ѝ � �㔠 S ȡ ㌀ ¢

' ⸶香ழǊЍ' �䁥繨㌵ � 㜷 Ḹ 香 (Personality) �Ѝ Ѝ㔰 瘄 㔰 u㌀ S 䘟 �㔠 ȡ ⸶ Ѝ ЍϝЍ

3. ЍSϝ� Ѝ香ȡ - �瘄u

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3) ⸶y䁞 - y �Ѝ � ȡ �¢ 繨 ȡ ￀ 㤱 ϝ ¢㔰ϝ㌵ ȡ繨Ѝ �¢ 㤱 �ȡ¢㔰ϝ㌵ 㔠ȡ 瘄 繨瘄 �

1. Ѝ�SЍ ¢繨 �Ѝ ЍЍ - ȡ Ѝ � Ѝ�Ѝ Ѝ�SЍ ¢繨 �Ѝ ЍЍ ЍЍ㔰䁥 � ЍЍ 㔰ȡ㔠 ȡЍ 瘄

ϝЍ S 䘟 �Ѝ �䁥繨㌵ Ѝ Ѝ繨㔰� S 䘟 ‘Motivation'(㔠ϝuЍS ) 繨㔠 �㔠 ϝu ЍϝЍ �

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35. �  ЍЍЍ䘟 Ѝ� 䘟Ѝ � 繨 � = Ѝ  Ѝ¢香u

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66. ЍЍ 繨� 䁥  Ѝ�ȡ � ȡ Ѝ䘟� =  u㔰 Ѝ香Ȳϝ Ѝ

98. Ѝ�u ㌀ Ѝ䁥 �㔠 ȡ Ѝ䘟� = Ȳ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ�u ㌀

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2⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 uЍuЍЍ䘟 �Ѝ 繨香䘟ЍȡЍ ϝ� � Ѝ 繨ЍȡЍ 瘄

3⸸ ЍЍ ЍЍ � Ѝ�ȡ �㔠 ��Ѝ ϝu u㌀¢ S ЍЍ Ѝ �� ㌵ S㌵ ȡЍȡ㌵ 瘄

4⸸ SЍ  㔠 ЍȡЍ ȡ � 繨香 � Ѝ䘟ЍЍ 繨Ѝ ȡ� ϝ � ¢ Ѝ￀ �Ѝ Ѝϝ㔰 ȡ繨Ѝ Ѝ[ Ѝ

5⸸ SЍ � ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ 㤱 Ѝȡ㔰 ϝ� Ѝ 繨ЍȡЍ 瘄 ȡ繨Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ �Ѝ 賀 ㌀

6⸸ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ� ¢ Ѝ � �䁥 ȡ �ϝ䁥 �Ѝ SЍ � 㤱 㔠 SЍ  㔠 ЍȡЍ

7⸸ SЍ  㔠 ЍȡЍ S瘄Ѝ� Ѝ�Ѝ �Ѝ 繨 � 賀 瘄 ” �繨 ϝ�  㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � �Ѝ 瘄

8⸸ SЍ  㔠 ЍȡЍ S瘄Ѝ� 繨 ȡ ￀ �  㔠 ЍȡЍ ￀ �Ѝ 賀 瘄 �繨 ϝ�

9⸸ SЍ �㔠 ϝ� Ѝ ϝϝ㔰ȡ Ѝ  㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 � Ѝ 㔰 瘄 ” �繨 ϝ�  㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � �Ѝ 瘄

10⸸ SЍ  㔠 ЍȡЍ S瘄Ѝ� ЍS 㤱 ȡ � Ѝ�Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ 繨ȡ 賀 瘄 ” �繨

11⸸ SЍ  㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 Ѝ � Ѝ S Ѝ � ϝ㌵ ㌵

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12⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 ϝ� � Ѝ ￀ SЍ  㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 Ѝ � Ѝ S Ѝ 1889 㤱

13⸸ SЍ  ¢ �㔠 ȡЍ � �Ѝ ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝ� ȡS㌵ ȡ繨Ѝ Ѝ 㔠 ㌀ Ѝ�Ѝ 瘄 ЍϝЍ

14⸸ SЍ  ¢ �㔠 ȡЍ � �Ѝ Ѝ�Ѝ 瘄 繨 �㔠 Ѝ ȡЍ Ѝ ЍЍȡЍЍ ϝ � ϝ

15⸸ SЍ  㔠 ЍȡЍ �Ѝ 香 S瘄Ѝ� 繨 ȡ � ϝ Ѝ� �¢S ȡЍ 㤱 㔠 䘟Ѝ 䘟 Ѝ 瘄 ”

16⸸ SЍ  㔠 ЍȡЍ Ѝ ЍȡЍ 瘄 繨  Ѝ Sϝ ȡ繨Ѝ 賀 Ѝ �Ѝ 繨 賀 ϝ� Ѝ

17⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 Ѝ Ѝ ЍЍ䘟 � ȡ Ѝ䘟� 瘄

18⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 Ѝ  㔰ЍЍ䘟 � ȡ Ѝ䘟� 瘄

19⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 � � 䘟Ѝ � ȡ Ѝ䘟� 瘄

20⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱  㔠Ѝ ϝϝЍ � � 䘟Ѝ � ȡ Ѝ䘟� 瘄

21⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 SЍ  㔠 ЍȡЍ � 賀 瘄

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22⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 �� ㌵ SЍ  㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 㔠䁥 ȡЍ ㌀� 瘄

24⸸21Ѝ㌵� SȡЍ 䘟㌀ 㤱  㔠 ЍȡЍ �Ѝ ¢[ Ѝ ȡ ¢

25⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 ЍЍu  㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 ϝ� Ѝ Ѝ ϝЍ �㔠 Ѝ ЍЍ 繨

26⸸ ϝ� ㌵ ㌵  �㔠 䁥ȡ ЍЍȡЍЍ ϝ Ѝ� Ѝ Ѝ 䘟� y  ȡ ϝ䘟SЍ 㤱 㔠Ѝ 繨Ѝ �ȡЍ 瘄

27⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 1912 㤱 ϝ� � 䘟Ѝ �Ѝ ȡ Ѝ䘟 ¢

28⸸Ѝ¢ȲЍ繨㔰 � ¢ Ѝ 香ȡ㔠 u ϝ� �Ѝ �㔠 u 㔠ȡ㌵ 瘄

29⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 䁥� 繨 ￀ 㔠 ϝ� � ЍЍ Ѝ ϝ� Ѝ Ѝ

31⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 �Ѝ 㔰 㔠繨 㔰 ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ ȡ Ѝϝ䘟ȡ ϝ� Ѝ Ѝ

32⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 㔠u㔰 ϝ� Ѝ 繨Ѝ � 繨㔰� 繨

33⸸ 㔠u㔰 Ѝ㔰 繨 ϝ� ¢ϝ￀ � �䁥 ȡ ЍS ϝϝ ϝ� Ѝ

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34⸸繨� Ѝ  㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 ϝ� �Ѝ �Ѝ ЍȡЍ Ѝ Ѝ 瘄

35⸸ Ѝ � � Ѝ�Ѝ �Ѝ 賀 㤱 繨Ѝ 㔠 ЍȡЍ 瘄 ϝ�  Ѝ 繨Ѝ 㤱 �瘄 Ѝ ”

36⸸ 㔠 ЍȡЍ � � 香 㤱 繨㔠 �Ȳ 繨㔠 �㔠 ЍϝЍ 瘄

2. ЍЍ㌵ ЍЍ�Ѝ �䘟 � ¢ Ѝ , “ ¢ 㤱香ȡ 㔰ϝ ȡ ϝϝ㔰ȡЍ �㔠 ȡ � Ѝ ㌀ SЍ 瘄 ”

㔠 ЍȡЍ S 䘟 �Ѝ SЍ 䘟� 繨㔰 ‘ �Ѝ ЍȡЍ ’ 瘄㔠 ЍȡЍ S 䘟 �Ѝ �䁥繨㌵ Ѝ Ѝ繨㔰� S 䘟

1. ЍЍu � ¢ Ѝ , “ 㔠 ЍȡЍ , Ѝ Ѝ �Ѝ ȡ Ѝ S¢ ЍȡЍ 瘄 ”

SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ 䘟㔠 S 䘟￀ � Ѝ 瘄, SЍ+ 㔠 ЍȡЍ 繨 �Ѝ SЍ 䘟� 繨㔰瘄, " SЍ

 SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ S瘄Ѝ� 繨 ȡ ￀㤱 Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ �Ѝ 賀 � ȡЍ 瘄

3. Ḹழ Ѝ Ѝ ЍȡЍ - 19 Ѝ㌵� SȡЍ 䘟㌀㤱㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 ȡ Ѝ �Ѝ ЍȡЍ � Ѝ Ѝ y 繨㔰 � 繨㔰�

SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ � �㔠㌵Ѝ 쳌 ㌵ Ѝ㔰 ȡ ㌀㔠 �㔠瘄

㌵ϝ Ѝ Ѝ 䁥 � Ѝ � ȡȡ Ѝ� 繨㌵Ѝ 㔰香ȡ  ЍЍ ㌀ ϝ繨 Ѝ 瘄 ¢ 繨香 �

 Ѝ�ȡ 繨Ѝ 㔰ȲЍy� ЍЍ Ѝ 1913 㐶. 㤱 ϝ䘟 Ѝ Ѝ

ȡ ȡ� 繨Ѝ ㌀ ȡЍ 瘄繨 ȡ� ϝ� ㌀ ȡϝ繨 Ѝ ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ ЍЍȡ ㌀� 㔠繨ЍȡЍ 瘄 Ѝ

9. 繨Ѝ 㔰ȲЍy� � ¢ Ѝ Ѝ ȡ � u�㔠ϝ ȡ ȡϝ繨 Ѝ � �㔠 S ȡ ㌀ ¢

' ⸶香ழǊЍ' �䁥繨㌵ � 㜷 Ḹ 香 (Personality) �Ѝ Ѝ㔰瘄㔰 u㌀ S 䘟 �㔠 ȡ ⸶ Ѝ ЍϝЍ

3) ⸶y䁞 - y �Ѝ � ȡ �¢ 繨 ȡ ￀㤱 ϝ ¢㔰ϝ㌵ ȡ繨Ѝ �¢ 㤱 �ȡ¢㔰ϝ㌵㔠ȡ 瘄繨瘄 �

1. Ѝ�SЍ ¢繨 �Ѝ ЍЍ - ȡ Ѝ � Ѝ�Ѝ Ѝ�SЍ ¢繨 �Ѝ ЍЍ ЍЍ㔰䁥 � ЍЍ 㔰ȡ㔠 ȡЍ 瘄

ϝЍ S 䘟 �Ѝ �䁥繨㌵ Ѝ Ѝ繨㔰� S 䘟 ‘Motivation'(㔠ϝuЍS ) 繨㔠 �㔠 ϝu ЍϝЍ �

35. �  ЍЍЍ䘟 Ѝ� 䘟Ѝ � 繨 � = Ѝ Ѝ¢香u

66. ЍЍ 繨� 䁥 Ѝ�ȡ � ȡ Ѝ䘟� =  u㔰 Ѝ香Ȳϝ Ѝ

98. Ѝ�u ㌀ Ѝ䁥 �㔠 ȡ Ѝ䘟� = Ȳ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ�u ㌀

2⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 uЍuЍЍ䘟 �Ѝ 繨香䘟ЍȡЍ ϝ� � Ѝ 繨ЍȡЍ 瘄

3⸸ ЍЍ ЍЍ � Ѝ�ȡ �㔠 ��Ѝ ϝu u㌀¢ S ЍЍ Ѝ �� ㌵ S㌵ ȡЍȡ㌵瘄

4⸸ SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ ȡ � 繨香 � Ѝ䘟ЍЍ 繨Ѝ ȡ� ϝ � ¢ Ѝ￀ �Ѝ Ѝϝ㔰 ȡ繨Ѝ Ѝ[ Ѝ

5⸸ SЍ � ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ 㤱 Ѝȡ㔰 ϝ� Ѝ 繨ЍȡЍ 瘄 ȡ繨Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ �Ѝ 賀㌀

6⸸ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ Ѝ� ¢ Ѝ � �䁥 ȡ �ϝ䁥 �Ѝ SЍ � 㤱㔠 SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ

7⸸ SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ S瘄Ѝ� Ѝ�Ѝ �Ѝ 繨 � 賀瘄 ” �繨 ϝ� 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � �Ѝ 瘄

8⸸ SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ S瘄Ѝ� 繨 ȡ ￀ � 㔠 ЍȡЍ ￀ �Ѝ 賀瘄 �繨 ϝ�

9⸸ SЍ �㔠 ϝ� Ѝ ϝϝ㔰ȡ Ѝ 㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 � Ѝ 㔰瘄 ” �繨 ϝ� 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � �Ѝ 瘄

10⸸ SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ S瘄Ѝ� ЍS 㤱 ȡ � Ѝ�Ѝ �Ѝ Ѝ 繨ȡ 賀瘄 ” �繨

11⸸ SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 Ѝ � Ѝ S Ѝ � ϝ㌵㌵

12⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 ϝ� � Ѝ ￀ SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 Ѝ � Ѝ S Ѝ 1889 㤱

13⸸ SЍ ¢ �㔠 ȡЍ � �Ѝ ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝ� ȡS㌵ ȡ繨Ѝ Ѝ 㔠㌀ Ѝ�Ѝ 瘄 ЍϝЍ

14⸸ SЍ ¢ �㔠 ȡЍ � �Ѝ Ѝ�Ѝ 瘄繨 �㔠 Ѝ ȡЍ Ѝ ЍЍȡЍЍ ϝ � ϝ

15⸸ SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ �Ѝ 香 S瘄Ѝ� 繨 ȡ � ϝ Ѝ� �¢S ȡЍ 㤱㔠䘟Ѝ 䘟 Ѝ 瘄 ”

16⸸ SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ Ѝ ЍȡЍ 瘄繨 Ѝ Sϝ ȡ繨Ѝ 賀 Ѝ �Ѝ 繨賀 ϝ� Ѝ

17⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 Ѝ Ѝ ЍЍ䘟 � ȡ Ѝ䘟� 瘄

18⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 Ѝ  㔰ЍЍ䘟 � ȡ Ѝ䘟� 瘄

19⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 � � 䘟Ѝ � ȡ Ѝ䘟� 瘄

20⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱㔠Ѝ ϝϝЍ � � 䘟Ѝ � ȡ Ѝ䘟� 瘄

21⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ � 賀瘄

22⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 �� ㌵ SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠㔠䁥 ȡЍ ㌀� 瘄

24⸸21Ѝ㌵� SȡЍ 䘟㌀㤱㔠 ЍȡЍ �Ѝ ¢[ Ѝ ȡ ¢

25⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 ЍЍu 㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 ϝ� Ѝ Ѝ ϝЍ �㔠 Ѝ ЍЍ 繨

26⸸ ϝ� ㌵㌵  �㔠䁥ȡ ЍЍȡЍЍ ϝ Ѝ� Ѝ Ѝ 䘟� y  ȡ ϝ䘟SЍ 㤱㔠Ѝ 繨Ѝ �ȡЍ 瘄

27⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 1912 㤱 ϝ� � 䘟Ѝ �Ѝ ȡ Ѝ䘟 ¢

28⸸Ѝ¢ȲЍ繨㔰 � ¢ Ѝ 香ȡ㔠 u ϝ� �Ѝ �㔠 u 㔠ȡ㌵瘄

29⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱䁥� 繨￀㔠 ϝ� � ЍЍ Ѝ ϝ� Ѝ Ѝ

31⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 �Ѝ 㔰㔠繨㔰 ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝ�ȡ ȡ Ѝϝ䘟ȡ ϝ� Ѝ Ѝ

32⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱㔠u㔰 ϝ� Ѝ 繨Ѝ � 繨㔰� 繨

33⸸ 㔠u㔰 Ѝ㔰繨 ϝ� ¢ϝ￀ � �䁥 ȡ ЍS ϝϝ ϝ� Ѝ

34⸸繨� Ѝ 㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 ϝ� �Ѝ �Ѝ ЍȡЍ Ѝ Ѝ 瘄

35⸸ Ѝ � � Ѝ�Ѝ �Ѝ 賀㤱繨Ѝ 㔠 ЍȡЍ 瘄 ϝ� Ѝ 繨Ѝ 㤱 �瘄 Ѝ ”

36⸸ 㔠 ЍȡЍ � � 香㤱繨㔠 �Ȳ 繨㔠 �㔠 ЍϝЍ 瘄

37⸸ 㔠 ЍȡЍ � � 香㤱 � �㔠 ЍϝЍ 瘄

38⸸ 㔠 ЍȡЍ � � 香㤱繨㔠 �Ȳ 繨㔠 �㔠 ЍϝЍ 瘄

ϝ� ㌵ ȡ � 繨香 � Ѝ ЍЍ 繨Ѝ ȡ� � 䁥 ¢ Ѝ￀ �Ѝ Ѝϝ㔰 ȡ繨Ѝ Ѝ ϝЍ ㌀

39⸸ 㔠 ЍȡЍ � � 香㤱 � �㔠 ЍϝЍ 瘄

41⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 ϝ� ЍЍ ㌀ �Ѝ Ѝ㔰ϝ ϝ� Ѝ

42⸸ϝ ￀ � Ѝ賀 Ѝ � 㤱 �� Ѝ ¢ϝ Ѝ� ȡ 㔠ȡЍ 瘄

44⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 �ȡЍ ЍЍ䘟㌀ ȡ” � 繨 � 瘄

45⸸繨Ѝ 㔰ȲЍ㐶� SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ �Ѝ �瘄 Ѝ Ѝ 䘟Ѝ ϝ� Ѝ

46⸸ SЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ � 香䘟㔰㤱 ЍЍ㔰䁥 � ¢ȡ �繨瘄

47⸸ Ѝ �㤱ϝ ȡ SЍ � ϝ� 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � SЍ SЍ ￀ �Ѝ 賀 Ѝ � 香 ȡ ϝ� Ѝ

48⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 �Ȳ Ѝ Ȳ �㔠 Ѝ Ѝ ϝЍ 瘄

49⸸ 㔠 � ȡ�㔠 Ѝ䁥㤱 ϝ� � 賀 � � � 㔠 �Ѝ 賀 ϝ� Ѝ 繨ЍȡЍ 瘄

50⸸ ㌀ϝ Ѝ䁥 ЍЍ Ѝ ϝ� �㔠 ϝ繨 Ѝ � �Ѝ 賀 ϝ� Ѝ 繨ЍȡЍ 瘄

52⸸ SЍ � ��¢䁥ȡ 繨㔰㤱 SЍ 䘟Ѝ �㔠繨Ѝȡ㌵瘄

53⸸ Ѝ �￀ �㔠䁥 SЍ ㌀ � Ѝ � 㔠 ȡЍ ȡ繨Ѝ Ѝ 香ȡЍ � �Ѝ 賀 Ѝ ϝ� �Ѝ � Sϝ 㤱

55⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 �Ѝ ЍȡЍ ϝ� � Ѝ 繨Ѝ

56⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 SЍ �Ѝ �㤱瘄

57⸸ϝ �㔠  � ȡ繨Ѝ ȡ ϝ繨 Ѝ ϝ� 㔠Ѝ瘄ȡЍ � ȡЍ Ѝ

58⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 Ѝ繨 ȡ Ѝ䁥 � ϝȡЍ 瘄

60⸸Ѝ Ѝ ￀u ㌀ ȡ 㤱 SЍ ϝ� Ѝ賀䘟㌀繨Ѝȡ㌵瘄

61⸸ Ѝ Ѝ¢�u ȡ繨Ѝ ϝu ϝ� ЍЍ Ѝ Ѝ � Ѝȡ㔰� 繨

64⸸ Ѝ Ѝ ЍЍ䘟 �㔠 ¢[ ЍSϝȡЍ 瘄

66⸸ S�￀ �㔠 ȡ瘄 Ѝ ㌀ �㔠 Ѝ S Ѝ 㔠㌵ Ѝϝ

67⸸ Ѝ繨 ȡ Ѝ䁥㤱賀 ϝ� Ѝ 繨ЍȡЍ 瘄

70⸸ 香ȡ㔠䘟S㔰 Ѝ䁥䘟ϝ ㌀ Ѝ䁥￀ Ѝ�ȡ 瘄

71⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱 Ѝ Ѝ¢�u 㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 ȡЍ Ѝ 瘄

72⸸ � Ȫϝȡ 㤱  ㌀㔠 ЍȡЍ �㔠 ȡЍ Ѝ 瘄

73⸸ Ѝ Ѝ¢�u ϝ� �Ѝ � 㔠 ЍȡЍ � 繨 � Ѝ 繨Ѝȡ 瘄

74⸸ lЍ ЍЍ 㔠 ЍȡЍ � ϝ� Ѝ�ȡ �Ѝ ȡ Ѝ䘟 ϝ� Ѝ