Name: SANJAY TALLOLLI Date: 23.04.

2019

Assignment Name - Concepts of Statistics

Problem Statement - Answer the following questions to the best of your knowledge including the
concepts taught to you in the level.

1. If the variance of a variable/column is 0 then what does it mean? Can we use that variable for our
analysis?

Variance of a variable/column is zero, it means all the data(singular) are same/constant there is no
fluctuation in that column. If there is no fluctuation/variance in the data, then there is no point in any
analysis on that variable.

2. Calculate mean, median, mode, variance and standard deviation for column A

Mention all step by step formula calculations in the answer sheet.

Assuming the given data is for population.

A = 7,6,7,7,8,5,8,7,7,5,5

Mean (µ) = ∑ (A)/N

∑ (A) = 7+6+7+7+8+5+8+7+7+5+5 =72

N=11

mean (µ) = 72/11 =6.5455

Median: sort the data from least to greatest

5,5,5,6,7, 7 ,7,7,7,8,8

Sensitivity: Internal & Restricted

Now center value is median i.e., 7

Mode is value that occurs most frequently in this case 7 which appeared 5 times compared to other
observations occurrence.

Variance measures how far a set of numbers are spread out from their mean

X1- µ =7-6.54= 0.46 (X1- µ)^2 =0.46*0.46=0.2116

X2- µ =6-6.54= -0.54 (X2- µ)^2 =-0.54*-0.54 =0.2916

X3- µ =7-6.54=0.46 (X3- µ)^2 =0.46*0.46=0.2116

X4- µ =7-6.54=0.46 (X4- µ)^2 =0.46*0.46=0.2116

X5- µ =8-6.54=1.46 (X5- µ)^2 =1.46*1.46=2.1316

X6- µ =5-6.54= -1.54 (X6- µ)^2 = -1.54*-1.54=2.3716

X7- µ =8-6.54=1.46 (X7- µ)^2 =1.46*1.46=2.1316

X8- µ =7-6.54=0.46 (X8- µ)^2 =0.46*0.46=0.2116

X9- µ =7-6.54=0.46 (X9- µ)^2 =0.46*0.46=0.2116

X10- µ =5-6.54= -1.54 (X10- µ)^2 = -1.54*-1.54=2.3716

X11- µ =5-6.54= -1.54 (X11- µ)^2 = -1.54*-1.54=2.3716

∑(X- µ)^2 = 0.2116+0.2916+0.2116+.2116+2.1316+2.3716+2.1316+.2116+.2116+2.3716+2.3716

= 12.728

N=11 for Population

So, Variance = 12.728/11 = 1.1571

For sample variance =12.728/(11-1) = 1.2728

Population STANDARD DEVIATION: = Sqrt (variance) = √ (1.1571) = 1.0756

Sample STANDARD DEVIATION: = Sqrt (variance) = √ (1.2728) = 1.1281

Sensitivity: Internal & Restricted

3. In a group of 12 scores, the largest score is increased by 36 points. What effect will this have on the
mean of the scores?

Say group is G (a population) and let 12 scores be g1,g2,g3,.......,g12

i.e., G = { g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6, g7, g8, g9, g10, g11, g12 }

let mean (µ) = ∑ (G)/N. where G=12 no. of individual scores and N is no. of scores i.e., 12

if the largest score is increased by 36 i.e., (∑ (G)+36) / N

∑ (G)/N + 36/N

∑ (G)/N + 36/12

Mean + 3

Mean will be increased/shift by 3.

4. Explain the difference between Data (Singular) and Data (Plural) with examples?

Single observation of a variable/column in a sample or population termed as data singular and multiple
observations termed as data plural.

data singular may be a nominal value say male, female etc., or a single word of categorical nature.

For example, Set1 = 1,2,3,4,5 and Set2= 6,7,8,9

All the individual value of the variable set-1 &2 are Data Singular and all the collection of five individual
values of set1 is Data Plural.

5. How the inferential statistics helps to make decisions out of it?

Statistical measure divided into two parts 1. Descriptive statistics and 2. Inferential statistics.

Descriptive statistics Provide measures of central tendency like mean, median, mode, variance, std
deviation but to take a decision about the whole population we need inferential statistics.

Inferential statistics allow us to use samples to generalize about the populations.

For example: Blood sample of person, to test we need a sample not whole-body blood, also it is
important that at what condition we are taking this blood sample from that person who is infected.
Otherwise blood test may give wrong result. So correct sample must have same characteristics as that of
population.

Sensitivity: Internal & Restricted