Glencoe Algebra-I-Solutions-Manual PDF

Solutions Manual
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ISBN: 0-07-827752-3 Algebra 1

Solutions Manual
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 009 07 06 05 04 03 02
Contents
Chapter 1 The Language of Algebra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Chapter 2 Real Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Chapter 3 Solving Linear Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Chapter 4 Graphing Relations and Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Chapter 5 Analyzing Linear Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Chapter 6 Solving Linear Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Chapter 7 Solving Systems of Linear Equations and Inequalities . . . . . . 305
Chapter 8 Polynomials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
Chapter 9 Factoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
Chapter 10 Quadratic and Exponential Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
Chapter 11 Radical Expressions and Triangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
Chapter 12 Rational Expressions and Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533
Chapter 13 Statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578
Chapter 14 Probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601
Prerequisite Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633
Extra Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
Mixed Problem Solving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766
iii
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Chapter 1 The Language of Algebra

Page 5 Getting Started 1-1 Variables and Expressions
1. 8 8 64 2. 4 16 64 3. 18 9 162
57
4. 23 6 138 5. 57 3 3 19
68 72 90
Page 8 Check for Understanding
6. 68 4 4
17 7. 3
24 8. 6
15 1. Algebraic expressions include variables and
9. P 2(l w) numbers, while verbal expressions contain words.
2(5.6 2.7) 2. Sample answer: The perimeter is the sum of the
2(8.3) four sides of the rectangle. Thus, the perimeter is
16.6 the sum of two l’s and two w’s, or 2l 2w.
The perimeter is 16.6 meters. 3. Sample answer: Let a be the variable. Then, a to
10. P 2(l w) the fifth power is a5.
2(6.5 3.05) 4. The word sum implies add, so the expression can
2(9.55) be written as j 13.
19.1 5. Sample answer: Let x be the number. Less than
The perimeter is 19.1 centimeters. implies subtract in reverse order, and times
11. P 4s
1 32
implies multiply. So the expression can be written
4 18 as 3x 24.
41 8 2
6. 92 9 9
11
81

11 7. 44 4 4 4 4 4
2
256
1
52 8. the product of 4 and m to the fourth power
1
The perimeter is 5 2 feet. 9. one half of n cubed
12. P 2l 2w 10. Lorenzo will receive the difference of $20 and p
1
2 42 8 2 25 4
5
2 1 1
2 the cost of the peanuts. The word difference
implies subtract, so the expression can be written
10 2
84 8 50 4 as 20 p.
2 2
85 8 50 4
1 2
85 4 50 4 Pages 8–9 Practice and Apply
135 4
3 11. The word sum implies add, so the expression can
be written as 35 z.
3
The perimeter is 135 4 feet. 12. Sample answer: Let x be the number. The word
1 4
sum implies add, so the expression can be written
13. 1.2 14. 3.9 as x 7.
6 0.5 13. The word product implies multiply, so the
7.2 1.95 expression can be written as 16p.
1.8 7.6 14. Sample answer: Let y be the number. The word
15. 1.83.2
4 10.6
16. 1.4 4 product implies multiply, so the expression can be
1 8 9 8 written as 5y.
14 4 84
15. Sample answer: Let x be the number. Increased
1 4 4 8 4
by implies add, and twice implies multiply by 2.
0 0
So the expression can be written as 49 2x.
3 3 12 2 3 5 3
17. 4
12 4 1
18. 1 3 4 3 4 16. And implies add, and times implies multiply. So
3
3
12 5
1
3
the expression can be written as 18 3d.
4
1
34 17. Sample answer: Let x be the number. Two-thirds
1 1 2
9 5 implies multiply by 3, and square implies raise
1 4 to the second power. So the expression can be
2
9 14
1 written as 3 x 2.
1
5 9 5 12 5 2 5 3
1 18. One-half implies multiply by 2, and cube implies
19. 16
12
16
9 20. 6
3
6
2 raise to the third power. So the expression can be
1
written as 2 n3.
2
3
5 12 5
16 9
4 19. The word for implies multiply. So the amount of
4
money Kendra will have is represented by the
15 1
36 14 expression s 12d.
5
12
1 Chapter 1
20. The word square implies raise to the second 47. You can use the expression 4s to find the
power. So the area of the circle is represented by perimeter of a baseball diamond. Answers should
the expression r2.2 include the following.
21. 62 6 6 2 • four times the length of the sides and the sum
36 of the four sides
• ssss
22. 82 8 8
64 48. D; More than implies add, and times implies
multiply. So the expression can be written as
23. 34 3 3 3 3
6 2x or 2x 6.
81
49. B; 4 4 4 43 and c c c c c4
24. 63 6 6 6
216
25. 35 3 3 3 3 3
243
Page 9 Maintain Your Skills
3.2
26. 153 15 15 15 1 09 91 11
1.04 53. 4.8 15.3
33753
50. 14.3 51. 10.00 52. 6
1.8 3.24 4.3 14 4
27. 106 10 10 10 10 10 10 16.1 6.76 312 96
1,000,000 416 9 6
28. 1003 100 100 100 4.472 0
1,000,000 1 2 5 6 3 1 9 2
54. 3
5 15 15 55. 4
6 12 12
29. The word for implies multiply. So the cost of 11 7
buying b dozen bagels for $8.50 a dozen can be 15 12
represented by the expression 8.5b. Also the cost 1 1
3 4 3 4
of buying d dozen donuts for $3.99 a dozen can be 56. 8
989
2 3
represented by the expression 3.99d. The word
1
and implies add. So the cost of buying b dozen 6
bagels and d dozen donuts can be represented by 7 3 7 5
the expression 8.5b 3.99d. 57. 10
5 10 3
1
30. The word for implies multiply. So the amount of 7 5
miles driven for two weeks can be represented by 10 3
2
the expression 14m. The mileage on Sari’s 7 1
odometer after her trip is the sum of 23,500 and 6 or 16
14m or the expression 23,500 14m.
31. 7 times p
32. 15 times r Page 10 Reading Mathematics
33. three cubed 1. c; 9 2 n 2. b; 4 (n 6) 3. f; n 52
34. five to the fourth power 4. h; 3(8 n) 5. g; 9 (2 n) 6. d; 3(8) n
35. three times x squared plus four 7. a; (n 5)2 8. e; 4 n 6
36. 2 times n cubed plus 12 9. Sample answer: one more than five times x
37. a to the fourth power times b squared 10. Sample answer: five times the quantity x plus one
38. n cubed times p to the fifth power 11. Sample answer: three plus the product of seven
and x
39. Sample answer: one-fifth 12 times z squared
12. Sample answer: the sum of three and x multiplied
40. Sample answer: one-fourth 8 times g cubed
by seven
41. 3 times x squared minus 2 times x
13. Sample answer: the sum of six and b divided by y
42. 4 times f to the fifth power minus 9 times k cubed
14. Sample answer: six plus the quotient of b and y
43. Sum implies add, and product implies multiply.
1
So the expression can be written as x 11x.
44. Sum implies add, product implies multiply, and
twice implies multiply by 2. So the expression can
1-2 Order of Operations
be written as 2lw 2lh 2wh.
45. The word by implies multiply, so the expression Page 13 Check for Understanding
can be written as 3.5m. 1. Sample answer: First add the numbers in
46. The area of the square can be represented by the parentheses, (2 5). Next square 6. Then
expression a2 or a a . The perimeter can be multiply 7 by 3. Subtract inside the brackets.
represented as a a a a or 4a. If a 4, Multiply that by 8. Divide, then add 3.
then a a 4 4 16 and 4 a 4 4 16. 2. Sample answer: (2 4) 3
Thus, the value of a is 4. 3. Chase; Laurie raised the incorrect quantity to the
second power.
Chapter 1 2
4. (4 6)7 (10)7 5. 50 (15 9) 50 24 17. 15 3 2 15 6 18. 22 3 7 22 21

70 26 21 43
6. 29 3(9 4) 29 3(5) 19. 4(11 7) 9 8 4(18) 9 8
29 15 72 9 8
14 72 72
7. [7(2) 4] [9 8(4)] [14 4] [9 8(4)] 0
10 [9 8(4)] 20. 12(9 5) 6 3 12(14) 6 3
10 [9 32] 168 6 3
10 41 168 18
51 150
(4 3) 2 5 (12) 2 5 21. 12 3 5 42 12 3 5 16
8. 9 3
9 3
144 5 4 5 16
9 3 20 16

720 4
9 3
720 22. 15 3 5 42 15 3 5 16
12 5 5 16
60 25 16
3 23 3 8 9
9.
52 (4) 52 (4) 23. 288 [3(9 3)] 288 [3(12)]
11
52 (4)
288 [36]
11
8
25 (4)
24. 390 [5(7 6)] 390 [5(13)]
100
11
390 [65]
6
10. hk gj 6 12 4 8
2 82 22 8 2 64 4 8
72 4 8 25.
2 8 2 8
72 32 128 32
40 2 8
96
11. 2k gh2 j 2 12 4 62 8 2 8
2 12 4 36 8 96

24 4 36 8 16
24 144 8 6
168 8 4 62 42 6 4 36 16 6
26. 4 6
4 6
160
144 96
4 6
2g(h g) 2 4(6 4)
12. gh j
468
48
4 6
2 4(2)
468 48
24
8(2)
468 2
16
468 27. [ (8 5) (6 2) 2 ] (4 17 2)

[ (13) (4) 2 ] (4 17 2)
[ (24 2) 3 ] [ (24 2) 3 ]
16
24 8
[ (13) (16) ] (4 17 2)
[ (24 2) 3 ]
16
16
208 (68 2)
[ (24 2) 3 ]
1 208 34
[ (24 2) 3 ]
13. 3 packages 2 additional
174
of software plus packages [ (24 2) 3 ]
1442443 123 1442443
20.00 2 9.95
174
[ 12 3 ]
or 20.00 2 9.95 174
4
14. Evaluate 20.00 2 9.95. 87 1
20.00 2 9.95 20.00 19.90 or 43 2
3 2 3 7 (2 3 5) 4 6 3 2 3 7 (6 5) 4
2
39.90 28. 6
6 3 3 14
The cost of 5 software packages is $39.90.
2 7
6 33 14
9
Pages 14–15 Practice and Apply

6 [ 3 1]
15. (12 6) 2 6 2 62
12 4
16. (16 3) 4 13 4
52
3 Chapter 1
29. Evaluate n(2n 3) for n 4.

1xy 2 3y z
1128 2 (12
3 8 3
2 2
38.
1 2 2 (12 8)
(x y) 2 8) 2
n(2n 3) 4(2 4 3)
3 2 3 8 3
4(8 3) 2
4(11) 9 3 8 3
(12 8) 2
44 4
24 3
The area of the rectangle is 44 cm2.2.
9
(12 8) 2
4
30. Samantha Derrick 9 21
sells 60 70 balcony sells 50 90 balcony 4
(12 8) 2
floor seats and seats and floor seats and seats.
1442443 123 1442443 123 1442443 123 1442443
9 21
60(7.5) 70(5) 50(7.5) 90(5) 4
42
or 60(7.5) 70(5) 50(7.5) 90(5) 9 21
16
31. Evaluate 60(7.5) 70(5) 50(7.5) 90(5). 4
36 21
60(7.5) 70(5) 50(7.5) 90(5) 450 350 16
16
375 450 15
800 375 450 16
1175 450 x z 2
2y x 12 32 2 8 12
39. 82 2
1625 y x y2 2 8 12
12 9 16 12
Samantha and Derrick have collected $1625. 8 12
64 2
32. x y2 z2 12 82 32 3 4
64 2
12 64 32 8 12
3 4
12 64 9 2

32
76 9 3
3 4
85 3 2 32
33. x3 y z3 123 8 33 9 4
2 32
1728 8 33
9 16 4
1728 8 27 2 16 32
1736 27 144 4
32
1763 32
148
34. 3xy z 3 12 8 3 32
36 8 3 37 5
or 4 8
288 3 8
285 40. 100 cells after 250 cells after

35. 4x yz 4 12 8 3 20 minutes plus 20 minutes
144424443 123 144424443
48 8 3 100.2 250.2
48 24
or 100 2 250 2
24
2xy z3 2 12 8 33
Evaluate 100 2 250 2.
36. z
3 100 2 250 2 200 250 2

2 12 8 27 200 500
3 700
24 8 27
3 The total number in both dishes is 700 bacteria
192 27 cells.
3
165
41. the sum of salary, commission, and 4 bonuses
3 salary plus commission plus 1442443
42. 14243 4 bonuses
123 1442443 123
55
xy2 3z 12 82 3 3
s c 4b
37. 3
3 or his earnings e is s c 4b.
12 64 3 3
3 43. Evaluate s c 4b for s 42,000,
768 3 3 c 12 825 or 9900, and b 750.
3 s c 4b 42,000 9900 4 750
768 9
42,000 9900 3000
3
759
51,900 3000
3 54,900
253 Mr. Martinez earns $54,900 in a year.
Chapter 1 4
44. Sample answer: Using 1, 2, 3: 4 9 91 1

64. 0.5000 65. 5.600
1 2 3 6; 1 2 3 7; 1 2 3 5;
0.0075 1.612
3 2 1 1; (2 1) 3 3
0.4925 7.212
45. Use the order of operations to determine how
many extra hours were used and then how much 2.884 1 11
66. 5.214.9968 67. 6.42 5
the extra hours cost. Then find the total cost.
Answers should include the following. 10 4 2.3
4 59 1 9 27 5
• 6 [4.95 0.99(n)] 25.00
4 16 12 8 50
• You can use an expression to calculate a specific 436 14.7 77 5
value without calculating all possible values. 416
46. A; Evaluate a b c for a 10, b 12, and c 17. 208
a b c 10 12 17 208
22 17 0
39 1 1 33 3 3 5 3 19
47. B; (5 1)3 (11 2)2 (7 4)3 43 92 33 3 68. 4 8 1 2 8
2
69. 5
27 5 7
64 81 27 33 3 4 21 95
8
2 4
35
35
145 27 33 12 116
172 8
8
35
21 11
( .25 ⫻ .75 3 35
48. Enter: 2 ) ⫼ ( 7 ⫻ 8
5
28
.75 3 ) ENTER 0.0476190476
1 2
( 2 ⫻ 27.89 2 ) ⫼ ( 5 4 5 4
49. Enter: 27.89 70. 6
5 6 5
2 27.89 ) ENTER 2.074377092 3 1
2

2 ) ⫼
3
50. Enter: ( 12.75 3 12.75 2 8 2
71. 8 19
( 12.75 3 12.75 2
) 9
8 9
12
ENTER 1.170212766
4
8 9
1
2
1
36
Page 15 Maintain Your SkillsMaintain Your Skills 1
51. Product implies multiply, so the expression can be 36
written as a3 b4.
52. Less than implies subtract in reverse order, and
times implies multiply. So the expression can be Open Sentences
written as 3y2 6.
1-3
53. Sum implies add, increased by implies add, and
quotient implies divide. So the expression can be Page 18 Check for Understanding
b
written as a b a. 1. Sample answer: An open sentence contains an
54. Times implies multiply, sum implies add, equals sign or inequality sign.
increased by implies add, twice implies multiply 2. Sample answer: x 7
by 2, and difference implies subtract. So the 3. Sample answer: An open sentence has at least
expression can be written as 4(r s) 2(r s). one variable because it is neither true nor false
55. Triple implies multiply by 3, and difference until specific values are used for the variable.
implies subtract. So the expression can be written 4. Replace x in 3x 7 29 with each value in the
as 3(55 w3).3). replacement set.
56. 24 2 2 2 2
16 x 3x 7 29 True or False?
?
57. 121 121 10 31102 7 29 S 23 29 false
58. 82 8 8 59. 44 4 4 4 4 11 31112 7 29 S 26 29
?
false
64 256 ?
60. Five times n plus n divided by 2 12 31122 7 29 S 29 29 true ✓
?
61. 12 less than q squared 13 31132 7 29 S 32 29 false
62. the sum of x and three divided by the square of ?
14 31142 7 29 S 35 29 false
the quantity x minus two ?
63. x cubed divided by nine 15 31152 7 29 S 38 29 false
The solution of 3x 7 29 is 12.
5 Chapter 1
5. Replace x in 12(x 8) 84 with each value in 11. Replace x in 3(12 x) 2 28 with each value
the replacement set. in the replacement set.
x 12(x 8) 84 True or False? True or
? x 3(12 x) 2 28 False?
10 12110 82 84 S 24 84 false
?
? 1.5 3(12 1.5) 2 28 S 29.5 28 false
11 12111 82 84 S 36 84 false
?
? 2 3(12 2) 2 28 S 28 28 true ✓
12 12112 82 84 S 48 84 false ?
? 2.5 3(12 2.5) 2 28 S 26.5 28 true ✓
13 12113 82 84 S 60 84 false ?
? 3 3(12 3) 2 28 S 25 28 true ✓
14 12114 82 84 S 72 84 false
? The solution set for 3(12 x) 2 28 is {2, 2.5, 3}.
15 12115 82 84 S 84 84 true ✓
12. the number
The solution of 12(x 8) 84 is 15. The number of Calories the number divided the number
2 3 of Calories is perpound times of pounds by of days.
6. Replace x in x 5 1 20 with each value in the 1442443 123 1442443 123 1442443 14243 1442443
C 3500 . 4 14
replacement set. 3500 4
or C 14
2 3
x x 5 1 20 True or False? 3500 4
13. Solve C 14
.
1 1 2 ? 3 13 3
4 4
5 1 20 S 20 1 20 false C
3500 4
14
1 1 2 ? 3 9 3 14,000
1 20 S 10 1 20 false C 14
2 2 5
3 3 2 ? 3 3 3 C 1000
4 4
5 1 20 S 1 20 1 20 true ✓
The number of Calories a person would have to
1
2 ? 3
1 5 1 20 S 1 5 1 20
2 3
false burn each day is 1000 Calories.
1 1 2 ? 3 13 3
14 1 4 5 1 20 S 1 20 1 20 false
2 3 3
The solution of x 5 1 20 is 4. 14. Replace b in b 12 9 with each value in the
7. Replace x in 7.2(x 2) 25.92 with each value in replacement set.
the replacement set. b b 12 9 True or False?
True or ?
12 12 12 9 S 0 9 false
x 7.2(x 2) 25.92 False? ?
? 17 17 12 9 S 5 9 false
1.2 7.211.2 22 25.92 S 23.04 25.92 false ?
? 18 18 12 9 S 6 9 false
1.4 7.211.4 22 25.92 S 24.48 25.92 false ?
?
21 21 12 9 S 9 9 true ✓
1.6 7.211.6 22 25.92 S 25.92 25.92 true ✓ ?
?
25 25 12 9 S 13 9 false
1.8 7.211.8 22 25.92 S 27.36 25.92 false
The solution of b 12 9 is 21.
The solution of 7.2(x 2) 25.92 is 1.6. 15. Replace b in 34 b 22 with each value in the
14 8
8. 4(6) 3 x 9. w 2 replacement set.
6
24 3 x w2 b 34 b 22 True or False?
?
27 x w3 12 34 12 22 S 22 22 true ✓
The solution is 27. The solution is 3. ?
17 34 17 22 S 17 22 false
10. Replace x in 24 2x
13 with each value in the ?
replacement set. 18 34 18 22 S 16 22 false
?
x 24 2x 13 True or False? 21 34 21 22 S 13 22 false
? ?
0 24 2102
13 S 24
13 true ✓ 25 34 25 22 S 9 22 false
1
?
24 2112
13 S 22
13 true ✓ The solution of 34 b 22 is 12.
?
2 24 2122
13 S 20
13 true ✓
?
3 24 2132
13 S 18
13 true ✓
?
4 24 2142
13 S 16
13 true ✓
?
5 24 2152
13 S 14
13 true ✓
?
6 24 2162
13 S 12 13 false
The solution set for 24 2x
13 is {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
Chapter 1 6
16. Replace a in 3a 7 31 with each value in the 20. Replace x in x 4

7 17
with each value in the
8
replacement set. replacement set.
a 3a 7 31 True or False? 7 17
x x4 8
True or False?
?
0 3(0) 7 31 S 7 31 false 1 1 7 ? 17 15 17
? 8 8
4 8
S 8
8
false
3 3(3) 7 31 S 16 31 false
3 3 7 ? 17 17 17
? 8 S true ✓
5 3(5) 7 31 S 22 31 false 8 8 4 8 8
? 5 5 7 ? 17 19 17
8 3(8) 7 31 S 31 31 true ✓ 8 8
4 8
S 8
8
false
?
10 3(10) 7 31 S 37 31 false 7 7
4
7 ? 17
S
21

17
false
8 8 8 8 8
The solution of 3a 7 31 is 8.
7 17 3
17. Replace a in 4a 5 17 with each value in the The solution of x 4 8
is 8.
21. Replace x in x 12 12 with each value in the
a 4a 5 17 True or False? replacement set.
?
0 4(0) 5 17 S 5 17 false x
7
x 12 12
25
True or false?
?
3 4(3) 5 17 S 17 17 true ✓ 1 1 7 ? 25 13 25
2 2
12
12 S 12 12 false
?
5 4(5) 5 17 S 25 17 false
7 ? 25 19 25
? 1 1 12 S 12 12 false
8 4(8) 5 17 S 37 17 false 12
? ? 25
10 4(10) 5 17 S 45 17 false 12
1 1
1 2 12
7
S 12 12
25 25
true ✓
12
The solution of 4a 5 17 is 3. 7 ? 25 31 25
2 2 12 12
S 12 12 false
40
18. Replace a in 4 0 with each value in the
a
7 25 1
replacement set. The solution of x 12 12 is 1 2.
40 2 8
a a 40 True or False? 22. Replace x in 5 (x 1) 15 with each value in the
40 ? replacement set.
0 4 0 S undefined 0 false
1x
0 2 8
x 12 15 True or False?
1 12 158 S 157 158

40 ? 1 5
3 3
40 S 93 0 false ?
1 2 1
6 5 6
false
5 13
1 2 15 S 15 15
40 ?
5 5
4 0S4 0 false
1 2 1 ? 8 8 8
? 3
true ✓
5 12
1 2 15 S 5 15
40
8 8
4 0S1 0 false
1 2 1 ? 8 3 8
? 2
false
5 13
1 2 15 S 3 15
40
10 10
4 0S0 0 true ✓
2 2 2 ? 8 2 8
3
false
40
The solution of a
4 0 is 10.
2 8 1
b
19. Replace b in 3 2 4 with each value in the The solution of 5 (x 1) 15 is 3.
replacement set. 23. Replace x in 2.7(x 5) 17.28 with each value in
b the replacement set.
b 3
24 True or False?
True or
12 ?
12 3
2 4S2 4 false x 2.7(x 5) 17.28 False?
?
17
17 ?
2 4 S 33 4
2
false 1.2 2.7(1.2 5) 17.28 S 16.74 17.28 false
3 ?
18 ? 1.3 2.7(1.3 5) 17.28 S 17.01 17.28 false
18 3
2 4S4 4 true ✓ ?
1.4 2.7(1.4 5) 17.28 S 17.28 17.28 true ✓
21 ?
21 2 4S5 4 false ?
3 1.5 2.7(1.5 5) 17.28 S 17.55 17.28 false
25 ? 1
25 3
24 S 63 4 false The solution of 2.7(x 5) 17.28 is 1.4.
b
The solution of 3
2 4 is 18.
7 Chapter 1
24. Replace x in 16(x 2) 70.4 with each value in 1

35. p 4 [7(23 ) 4(52 ) 6(2) ]
the replacement set. 1
p 4 [7(8) 4(25) 12]
True or 1
x 16(x 2) 70.4 False? p 4 [56 100 12]
? 1
2.2 16 (2.2 2) 70.4 S 67.2 70.4 false p 4 [156 12]
? 1
2.4 16 (2.4 2) 70.4 S 70.4 70.4 true ✓ p 4 [144]
2.6
?
16 (2.6 2) 70.4 S 73.6 70.4 false p 36
?
The solution is 36.
2.8 16 (2.8 2) 70.4 S 76.8 70.4 false 1
36. n 8 [6(32 ) 2(43 ) 2(7) ]
The solution of 16(x 2) 70.4 is 2.4. 1
n 8 [6(9) 2(64) 14]
25. Replace x in 21(x 5) 216.3 with each value in 1
the replacement set. n 8 [54 128 14]
1
True or n 8 [182 14]
x 21(x 5) 216.3 False? 1
n 8 [164]
?
3.1 21 (3.1 5) 216.3 S 170.1 216.3 false n 21
? The solution is 21.
4.2 21 (4.2 5) 216.3 S 193.2 216.3 false
? 37. Replace a in a 2 6 with each value in the
5.3 21 (5.3 5) 216.3 S 216.3 216.3 true ✓ replacement set.
?
6.4 21 (6.4 5) 216.3 S 239.4 216.3 false a a26 True or False?
?
The solution of 21(x 5) 216.3 is 5.3. 6 6 2 6 6S4 6 6 true ✓
26. ?
The adult the student is no
7 7 2 6 6S5 6 6 true ✓
number price number price more ?
of adults times 1442443
1442443
per ticket plus 1442443
123
of students times 1442443
123 123
per ticket 123 $30.
than 123 8 8 2 6 6S6 6 false
?
2 a 3 s $30
9 9 2 6 6S7 6 false
or 2a 3s 30 ?
10 10 2 6 6 S 8 6 false
27. Evaluate 2a 3s for a 4.50 and s 4.50.
?
2a 3s 2(4.50) 3(4.50) 11 11 2 6 6 S 9 6 false
9 13.50
The solution set for a 2 6 is {6, 7}.
22.50
The cost for the family to see a matinee is $22.50. 38. Replace a in a 7 22 with each value in the
replacement set.
28. Evaluate 2a 3s for a 7.50 and s 4.50.
2a 3s 2(7.50) 3(4.50) a a 7 22 True or False?
15 13.50 ?
13 13 7 6 22 S 20 6 22 true ✓
28.50
?
The cost for the family to see an evening show is 14 14 7 6 22 S 21 6 22 true ✓
$28.50. ?
15 15 7 6 22 S 22 22 false
29. 14.8 3.75 t 30. a 32.4 18.95
?
11.05 t a 13.45 16 16 7 6 22 S 23 22 false
The solution is 11.05. The solution is 13.45. ?
12 5 15 6
17 17 7 6 22 S 24 22 false
31. y 15 3
32. g 16 7
60 90
The solution set for a 7 22 is {13, 14}.
y 12
g 9 a
39. Replace a in 5
2 with each value in the
y5 g 10
replacement set.
The solution is 5. The solution is 10.
a
7(3) 3
33. d 4(3 1) 6 34. a
4(14 1)
7 a 5
2 True or False?
3(6) 5
21 3 4(13) 5 ?
d 4(2)
6 a 18 5
7 5
2S1 2 false
5
24 52
d 6 a 7 10 ?
8 13 10 5

2S2
2 true ✓
d36 a47
15 ?
d9 a 11 15 5

2S3
2 true ✓
The solution is 9. The solution is 11.
20 ?
20 5

2S4
2 true ✓
25 ?
25 5

2S5
2 true ✓
a
The solution set for 5

2 is {10, 15, 20, 25}.
Chapter 1 8
2a
40. Replace a in 4 8 with each value in the 44. Replace b in 2b 5 with each value in the
replacement set. replacement set.
2a b 2b 5 True or False?
a 4
8 True or False?
?
1 2112 6 5 S 2 6 5 true ✓
1 2 6 5S3 6 5
21122 ?
12 4
8S6 8 true ✓ 1 ?
1 12 2 12 true ✓
21142 ?
14 4
8S7 8 true ✓ ?
2 2122 6 5 S 4 6 5 true ✓
1 2 6 5S5 5
21162 ?
16 8S8 8 true ✓ 1 ?
4 2 12 2 22 false
21182 ?
18 8S9 8 false ?
4
3 2132 6 5 S 6 5 false
5 6
21202 ?
20 4
8 S 10 8 false 1
The solution set for 2b 5 is 1, 12, 2 .
21222 ?
22 4
8 S 11 8 false 45. Total number glasses glasses glasses
of glasses is of milk plus of juice plus of soda.
2a 1442443 123 14243 123 14243 123 14243
8 is {12, 14, 16}. g 15,579 6220 18,995
41. Replace a in 4a 3
10.6 with each value in the or g 15,579 6220 18,995
replacement set. 46. Evaluate 15,579 6220 18,995.
True or 15,579 6220 18,995 21,799 18,995
a 4a 3 10.6 False? 40,794
?
The average American drinks 40,794 glasses.
3.2 4(3.2) 3
10.6 S 9.8 10.6 false 47. The cost of the number the charge is not
$102.50.
each sweater times of sweaters plus for shipping more than 14243
? 1442443 123 1442443 123 1442443 14243
3.4 4(3.4) 3
10.6 S 10.6
10.6 true ✓ $39 n $10.95 $102.50
? or 39n 10.95 102.50

3.6 413.62 3
10.6 S 11.4
10.6 true ✓
48. Explore You can spend no more than $102.50.
?
3.8 413.82 3
10.6 S 12.2
10.6 true ✓ So the situation can be represented by
the inequality 39n 10.95 102.50.
?
4 4(4) 3
10.6 S 13
10.6 true ✓ Plan Since no replacement set is given,
estimate to find reasonable values for
The solution set for 4a 3
10.6 is the replacement set.
{3.4, 3.6, 3.8, 4}.
Solve Start by letting n 1 and then adjust
42. Replace a in 6a 5
23.8 with each value in the values up or down as needed.
replacement set.
39n 10.95 102.50
True or ?
a 6a 5 23.8 False? 39(1) 10.95 102.50
?
? 39 10.95 102.50
4.2 614.22 5
23.8 S 20.2 23.8 false 49.95 102.50
? The estimate is too low. Increase the value of n.
4.5 614.52 5
23.8 S 22 23.8 false
? Reason-
4.8 614.82 5
23.8 S 23.8
23.8 true ✓ n 39n 10.95 102.50 able?
? ?
5.1 615.12 5
23.8 S 25.6
23.8 true ✓ 2 39122 10.95 102.50 S88.95 102.50 too low
? ?
5.4 615.42 5
23.8 S 27.4
23.8 true ✓ 3 39132 10.95 102.50 S127.95 102.50 too high
The solution set for 6a 5

23.8 is {4.8, 5.1, 5.4}. Examine The solution set is {0, 1, 2}. You can buy
43. Replace a in 3a 4 with each value in the 2 sweaters and stay within your budget.
replacement set. 49. The solution set includes all numbers less than or
1
equal to 3.
a 3a 4 True or False?
? 50. You can use equations to determine how much
0 3102 4 S 0 4 true ✓
113 2 4 S 1 4
money you have to spend and how you can spend
1
3
?
true ✓ your money. Answers should include the following.
313 2 4 S 2 4
3 • Sample answers: calculating gasoline required
2 2 ? for a trip: cooking time
3
true ✓
?
1 3112 4 S 3 4 true ✓
1 12
?
1 13 3 13 4 S 4 4 true ✓
5
The solution set for 3a 4 is 0, 3, 3, 1, 1 3 .
1 2 1
6
9 Chapter 1
15 n2 2 5 57. 53 3(42) 53 3(16)
51. B; Replace n in 6 28 with each value in
19 32 2 n 125 3(16)
the replacement set. 125 48
15 n2 2 5 173
n 28 True or False? 38 12 26
19 3 2 n 2 13
2
58. 2 13
15 52 2 5 ? 11 26
26
5 6 28 S 8 38 6 28 true ✓
19 32 2 5
1
15 72 2 5 ?
7 6 28 S 16 37 6 28
23
true ✓ 59. [5(2 1)]4 3 [5(3)]4 3
19 33 2 7
[15]4 3
15 92 2 5 ? 7 50,625 3
9 6 28 S 28 37 28 false
19 32 2 9 50,628
15 112 2 5
1 1
? 2 1 2 1 2 4 3 4 3
11 6 28 S 43 7 28 false 60. 6 61. 9
19 3 2 11
2 6 5 5 9 7 7
3 3
15 132 2 5
1 4
? 7 15 21
13 6 28 S 62 34 28 false
19 3 2 13
2
5 1 6
15 n2 2 5 62.
5

15
6
5 15
63.
6

12
14
6 12
The solution set for 6 28 is {5, 7}. 6 16 16 14 18 18
19 32 n
2 2 7 3
2
52. C; 27 3 (12 4) 27 3 8
25

6
32 21
98 7
2
17 7
8 2 8 2 4 4 4 4
64. 13
11
13 11
65. 7
9
7 9
16 16
Page 20 Maintain Your Skills 143
63
53. Increased by implies add, and times implies 8
3 7 3 7 2 24 2 24
multiply. So the expression can be written as 66. 11
16
11 16
67. 9
25
9 25
r 2 3s. 3
21 16
Evaluate r2 3s for r 2 and s 5. 176
75
r2 3s 22 3 5
43 5
4 15 Page 20 Practice Quiz 1
19 1. twenty less than x
54. Times implies multiply, and sum implies add. So 2. five times n plus two
the expression can be written as t(4s r).
1
3. a cubed
Evaluate t(4s r) for r 2, s 5, and t 2. 4. n to the fourth power minus one
t 14s r2 2 14 5 22
1
5. 6(9) 2(8 5) 6(9) 2(13)
54 2(13)
2 120 22
1
54 26
2 1222 28
1
6. 4[2 (18 9)3] 4[2 (2)3]

11
4[2 8]
55. Sum implies add, and times implies multiply. So 4[10]
the expression can be written as (r s)t2. 40
1
Evaluate (r s)t2 for r 2, s 5, and t 2. 7. 9(3) 42 62 2 9(3) 16 62 2
1r s2t2 12 52 112 22 9(3) 16 36 2
27 16 36 2
172 112 22 27 16 18
172 1 4 2
11 18
1
29
4
7 15 22 2 132 2
8. 314 2 72
314 2 72
56. Decreased by implies subtract, so the expression 9
314 2 72
can be written as r5 t. 9
1
Evaluate r5 t for r 2 and t 2. 318 72
9
1
r5 t 25 2 3112
9
1
32 2 3
1
3
31 2
Chapter 1 10
5 42 10 2 5 16 10 2 11. From Exercises 9 and 10 we determine that four
9. 6 5
6 5 score and seven years is 87 years.
80 10 2
6 5
90 2
6 5
88
11 12. Multiplicative Identity Property;
8 n 1, since 12 1 12.
10. Replace n in 2n2 3 75 with each value in the 13. Multiplicative Identity Property;
replacement set. n 5, since 5 1 5.
14. Reflexive Property;
n 2n2 3 75 True or False?
n 5, since 8 5 8 5.
?
4 2 42 3 75 S 35 75 true ✓ 15. Reflexive Property;
2 ? n 0.25, since 0.25 1.5 0.25 1.5
5 2 5 3 75 S 53 75 true ✓
? 16. Additive Identity Property;
2
6 2 6 3 75 S 75 75 true ✓ n 0, since 8 0 8.
2 ?
7 2 7 3 75 S 101 75 false 17. Additive Identity Property;
1 1 1
? n 3, since 3 0 3.
8 2 82 3 75 S 131 75 false
? 18. Multiplicative Inverse Property;
9 2 92 3 75 S 165 75 false 1 1
n 2, since 1 2 2.
The solution set for 2n2 3 75 is {4, 5, 6}. 19. Multiplicative Inverse Property;
1
n 1, since 4 4 1.
20. Substitution Property;
1-4 Identity and Equality Properties n 5, since (9 7)(5) 2(n).
21. Substitution Property;
n 3, since 3 (2 8) n 10.
1 2 3 125 251 2
22. Multiplicative Identity Property;
1. No; for 1 to be an additive identity, the sum of 1
n 3, since 3 52
any number a and 1 must be a. However, 25
3 1 4 3. 3 1
2. Sample answer: 5 3 2, and 3 2 4 1, so 3.
112 22 6 1 6.
5 4 1; 5 7 8 4, and 8 4 12, so 23. Multiplicative Identity Property;
5 7 12. n 2, since 6
3. Sample answer: You cannot divide by zero. 3
24. 4
[ 4 (7 4) ]
4. Multiplicative Property of Zero;
3
n 0, since 13 0 0. 4 [4 3] Substitution; 7 4 3
5. Additive Identity Property;
n 17, since 17 0 17.
4
3 4
3 34 Substitution; 4 3 3
4
3 4
1 Multiplicative Inverse; 1
6. Multiplicative Inverse Property; 4 3
1
n 6, since 6 6 1. 25.
2
[ 3 (2 1) ]
3
7. 6(12 48 4) 6(12 12) Substitution; 48 4 12 2
3 [3 2] Multiplicative Identity; 2 1 2
34
6(0) Substitution; 12 12 0
2 3 3
0 Multiplicative Property 3 2
Substitution; 3 2 2
of Zero; 6 0 0 2 3
1 1
1 2
Multiplicative Inverse; 3 2
1
8. 15 15 8 0 12 1
26. 2 (3 2 5) 33
(1 + 8 0) 12 Multiplicative Inverse; 1
1 2(6 5) 3 3 Substitution; 3 2 6
15 15 1
2 112 3
1
(1 0) 12 Multiplicative Property of Zero; 3
Substitution; 6 5 1
1
8 00 2 33 Multiplicative Identity;
1 12 Additive Identity; 1 0 1 2 12
12 Multiplicative Identity;
1 12 12 21 Multiplicative Inverse;
1
331
9. four score and seven
1442443 123 1
424
3
3 Substitution; 2 1 3
4(20) 7
or 4(20) 7
10. 4(20) 7 80 7 Substitution; 4 20 80
11 Chapter 1
1 35.
27. 6 6 5 (12 4 3) base weight
35% of
offensive
Eight
1 salary plus below 240 lb plus plays
6 6 5(3 3) Substitution; 12 4 3 players times
14243 123 14243 123 1442443 123 14243
8 ($400,000 $100,000 $50,000)
1
6 6
or 8(400,000 100,000 50,000)
1 5(0) Multiplicative Inverse;
1 Three base 12 76 points
661 players times salary plus touchdowns plus scored
14243 123 14243 123 1442443 123 14243
10 Multiplicative Property of 3 ($400,000 $50,000 $50,000)
Zero; 5 0 0 or 3(400,000 50,000 50,000)

1 Additive Identity; 1 0 1 Four base 1601 4.5 yards
players times salary plus yards plus per carry
2
28. 3 5(4 2 ) 1 14243 123 14243 123 14243 123 14243
($400,000 $1,000,000 $50,000)

3 5(4 4) 1 Substitution; 22 4 4
3 5(0) 1 Substitution; 4 4 0 or 4(400,000 1,000,000 50,000)

301 Multiplicative Property of So the expression can be written as 8(400,000
Zero; 5 0 0 100,000 50,000) 3(400,000 50,000
31 Additive Identity; 3 0 3 50,000) 4(400,000 1,000,000 50,000).
2 Substitution; 3 1 2 36. 8(400,000 100,000 50,000) 3(400,000
29. 7 8(9 32) 50,000 50,000) 4(400,000 50,000 50,000)
7 8(9 9) Substitution; 32 9 8(550,000) 3(400,000 50,000 50,000)
7 8(0) Substitution; 9 9 0 4(400,000 50,000 50,000) Substitution;
70 Multiplicative Property of Zero; 400,000 100,000 50,000 550,000
8 00 8(550,000) 3(500,000) 4(500,000)
7 Additive Identity; 7 0 7 Substitution; 400,000 1,000,000 50,000
30. Profit for profit for profit for 1,450,000
25 peanuts 123and 80 buttons and 40 caps 4,400,000 1,500,000 2,000,000
1442443 1442443 123 14243
Substitution; 4 1,450,000 5,800,000
25(5 3) 80(2.5 1) 40(10 6) 7,900,000 Substitution; 4,400,000 1,500,000
or 25(5 3) + 80(2.5 1) + 40(10 6) 5,800,000 11,700,000
31. 25(5 3) 80(2.5 1) 40(10 6) 37. Sometimes; Sample answer: true: x 2, y 1,
25(2) 80(2.5 1) 40(10 6) Substitution; z 4, w 3, 2
1 and 4
3 and 2 4 8
3
532 1 3; false: x 1, y 1, z 2, w 3,
25(2) 80(1.5) 40(10 6) Substitution; 1
1 and 2
3 however, 1(2) 2 3
2.5 1 1.5 (1)(3).
25(2) 80(1.5) 40(4) Substitution;
38. You can use the identity and equality properties
10 6 4
to see if data is the same. Answers should include
50 120 160 Substitution;
the following:
40 4 160
330 Substitution; • Reflexive: r r, or Symmetric: a b so b a.
170 160 • Oklahoma, week 1 a, week 2 b, week
330 3 c. a b and b c so a c.
32. Pay for increase pay for 39. A; In words: If one quantity equals a second
grade from grade quantity, then the second quantity equals the first.
plus is
E-2 at 3 yr 123 3 yr to 12 yr 123 E-2 at 12 yr.
1442443

1442443

144424443 40. B; Substitution Property, since 10 8 2.
1169.10 y 1169.10
41. False, since 4 5 1 and 1 is not a whole
or 1169.10 y 1169.10 number.
y 0, since 1169.10 0 1169.10.
42. True, for any whole numbers a and b the product
33. Pay for increase pay for
ab is also a whole number.
grade from grade
1 1
E-4 at 6 yr times 6
1442443
yr to 10 yr
1442443
123 123
is E-4 at 10 yr.
144424443 43. False, since 1 2 2 and 2
is not a whole
1653 y 1653 number.
or 1653y 1653
y 1, since 1653 1 1653.
34. Base bonus for is the base bonus for
salary plus 12 touchdowns same as salary plus 76 points.
14243 123 144424443 14243 14243 123 14243
$350,000 $50,000 $350,000 $50,000
or 350,000 50,000 350,000 50,000
Chapter 1 12
Page 25 Maintain Your Skills 7 3
48. Replace x in 10 2x 6 10
with each value in the
44. Replace x in 10 x
6 with each value in the replacement set.
x 10
2x 10 True or False?
x 10 x 6 True or False?
1 7 1 ? 3 3 3
3
?
10 3 7 6 S 7 7 6 true ✓ 2 10
22 6 10
S 10 6 10
true ✓
? 1 7 1 ? 3 1 3
5 10 5 7 6 S 5 6 false 3 10
2 3
6 10
S 30 6 10
true ✓
? ?
6 10 6 7 6 S 4 6 false 1 7
24 6
1 3
S5 6
1 3
true ✓
4 10 10 10
?
8 10 8 7 6 S 2 6 false 1 7 1 ? 3 3 3
5 10
2 5
6 10
S 10 10 false
The solution set for 10 x
6 is {3}. ?
1 7 1 3 11 3
45. Replace x in 4x 2 58 with each value in the 6 10
2 6
6 10
S 30 10 false
512, 13, 14 6.
2x 6 10
is
x 4x 2 58 True or False?
?
49. Replace x in 2x 1 2 with each value in the
11 4 11 2 6 58 S 46 6 58 true ✓ replacement set.
?
12 4 12 2 6 58 S 50 6 58 true ✓ x 2x 1 2 True or False?
?
13 4 13 2 6 58 S 54 6 58 true ✓ 14
1 1 ?
2 14 1 2 S 12 2
1
true ✓
?
14 4 14 2 6 58 S 58 58 false ?
?
2 2 2 1 2S3 2 false
15 4 15 2 6 58 S 62 58 false ?
3 2 3 1 2S5 2 false
The solution set for 4x 2 58 is {11, 12, 13}. 1 1 ?
x 32 2 32 1 2S6 2 false
46. Replace x in 2 3 with each value in the
replacement set.
x
The solution set for 2x 1 2 is 1 4 . 5 16
x 2
3 True or False? 50. (3 6) 32 (9) 32
5.8
5.8 ?
3
9
S 2 10 3 false 99
2
1
5.9 ? 19
5.9 2
3 S 2 20 3 false 51. 6(12 7.5) 7 6(4.5) 7
27 7
6 ?
6 2
3S3 3 true ✓ 20
6.1 ? 1 52. 20 4 8 10 5 8 10
6.1 2
3 S 3 20 3 true ✓ 40 10
6.2 ? 1 4
6.2 3 S 3 10 3 true ✓
16 22 2 182 2
2
6.3 ? 3
53. 16
3192 16
3192
6.3 2
3 S 3 20 3 true ✓ 64
16
3192
x
The solution set for 3 is {6, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3}.
2 4 3(9)
47. Replace x in 8x 32 with each value in the 4 27
replacement set. 31
x 8x 32 True or False? 54. [62 (2 4)2] 3 [62 (6)2]3
[36 (6)2]3
?
3 8 3 32 S 24 32 true ✓ [36 12]3
? [24]3
3.25 8 3.25 32 S 26 32 true ✓ 72
? 2 2
3.5 8 3.5 32 S 28 32 true ✓ 55. 9(3) 4 6 2 9(3) 16 36 2
? 27 16 36 2
3.75 8 3.75 32 S 30 32 true ✓
27 16 18
?
4 8 4 32 S 32 32 true ✓ 11 18
29
The solution set for 8x 32 is {3, 3.25, 3.5, 3.75, 4}.
56. Sample answer: Let x be the number. Sum
implies add, and twice implies multiply by 2. So
the expression can be written as 2x2 7.
57. 10(6) 10(2) 60 10(2)
60 20
80
13 Chapter 1
58. (15 6) 8 9 8 4. 3(x 3) 3x 3
72 The rectangle has 3 x-tiles and 9 1-tiles. The area
59. 12(4) 5(4) 48 5(4) of the rectangle is
48 20 x111x111x111
28 or 3x 9.
60. 3(4 2) 3(6) 61. 5(6 4) 5(2) Therefore, 3(x 3) 3x 3 is false.
18 10 x3
62. 8(14 2) 8(16)
x 1 1 1
128
3 x 1 1 1 3x 9
x 1 1 1
1-5 The Distributive Property

5. x(3 2) 3x 2x
The rectangle has 5 x-tiles. The area of the
ok Page 28 Algebra Activity rectangle is x x x x x or 3x 2x or 5x.
Therefore, x(3 2) 3x 2x is true.
1. 2(x 1)
The rectangle has 2 x-tiles and 2 1-tiles. The area
of the rectangle is 32
x 1 x 1 or 2x 2.
Therefore, 2(x 1) 2x 2.
x x x x x x 5x
x1
x 1
2 2x 2
x 1
6. Rachel; Sample answer: 3(x 4) 3(x) 3(4)
3x 12
The rectangle has 3 x-tiles. The area of the
2. 5 (x 2) rectangle is 3x 12. Therefore, Rachel is correct.
The rectangle has 5 x-tiles and 10 1-tiles. The
area of the rectangle is x4
x11x11x11x11
x 1 1 or 5x 10. x 1 1 1 1
Therefore, 5(x 2) 5x 10.
3 x 1 1 1 1 3x 12
x2 x 1 1 1 1
x 1 1
x 1 1
5 x 1 1 5x 10
x 1 1 ok Pages 29–30 Check for Understanding
1. Sample answer: The numbers inside the
x 1 1 parentheses are each multiplied by the number
outside the parentheses then the products are
added.
3. 2(2x 1) 2. Sample answer: 4ab 3b a 2ab 7ab
The rectangle has 4 x-tiles and 2 1-tiles. The area 3. Courtney; Ben forgot that w4 is really 1 w4.
of the rectangle is 4. 6(12 2) 6 12 6 2
x x 1 x x 1 or 4x 2. 72 12
Therefore, 2(2x 1) 4x 2. 60
5. 2(4 t) 2 4 2 t
2x 1 8 2t
6. (g 9)5 g 5 9 5
x x 1 5g 45
2 4x 2
x x 1 7. 16(102) 16(100 2)
16(100) 16(2)
1600 32
1632
Chapter 1 14
1 12 1
8. 3 17 1172 3 17 17
1
2 28. 4(8p 4q 7r) 4(8p) 4(4q) 4(7r)
32p 16q 28r
3 1172 17 1172
1
29. number of number of
51 1 people at people at
52 number Olympic aquatics
9. 13m m (13 1)m of days times Stadium plus center
14243 123 14243 123 14243
14m
4 (110,000 17,500)
10. 3(x 2x) 3(x) 3(2x)
or 4(110,000 17,500)
3x 6x
(3 6)x 30. 4(110,000 17,500) 4(110,000) 4(17,500)
9x 440,000 70,000
510,000
11. There are no like terms. 14a2 13b2 27 is
The attendance for the 4-day period was 510,000
simplified.
people.
12. 4(3g 2) 4(3g) 4(2)
31. 5 97 5(100 3)
12g 8
5(100) 5(3)
13. number of price of average 500 15
haircuts times each haircut plus tip 485
14243 123 1442443 123 14243
12 ($19.95 $2) 32. 8 990 8(1000 10)
or 12(19.95 2) 8(1000) 8(10)
14. 12(19.95 2) 12(19.95) 12(2) 8000 80
239.40 24 7920
263.4 33. 17 6 (20 3)6
Ms. Curry earned $263.40. 20(6) 3(6)
120 18
102
ok Pages 30–31 Practice and Apply
15. 8(5 7) 8 5 8 7
34. 24 7 (20 4)7
20(7) 4(7)
40 56 140 28
96 168
16. 7(13 12) 7 13 7 12 1 12
35. 18 2 9 18 2 9 1 1
2 1 12
36. 48 3 6 48 3 6 1 1
2
12 116 2
91 84 1
175 18(2) 18 9
48132 48
17. 12(9 5) 12 9 12 5 36 2 144 8
108 60 38 152
48 37. hours hours
18. 13(10 7) 13 10 13 7 number using meeting hours on
of weeks times e-mail plus in person 123 telephone
plus 1
130 91 14243 123 14243 123 1 4424 43 4424 43
12 (5 12 18)
39
19. 3(2x 6) 3 2x 3 6 or 12(5 12 18)
6x 18 38. 12(5 12 18) 12(5) 12(12) 12(18)
20. 8(3m 4) 8 3m 8 4 60 144 216
24m 32 420
21. (4 x)2 4 2 x 2 She should plan 420 h for contacting people.
8 2x 39. monthly monthly monthly
number charge charge charge
22. (5 n)3 5 3 n 3 of months times for medical plus for dental plus for vision
1442443 123 1442443 123 1442443 123 1442443
15 3n
1 2 12
6 (78 20 12)
1 1
23. 28 y 7 281y2 28 7
or 6(78 20 12)
28y 4 40. 6(78 20 12) 6(78) 6(20) 6(12)
1 2 2712b2 27 1 2
1 1 468 120 72
24. 27 2b 3 3 660
54b 9 The cost to the employee is $660.
25. a(b 6) a(b) a(6)
ab 6a
26. x(z 3) x(z) x(3)
xz 3x
27. 2(a 3b 2c) 2(a) 2(3b) 2(2c)
2a 6b 4c
15 Chapter 1
41. number monthly charge monthly charge 1
of months times for medical plus for dental l w 13 2
1442443 123 144424443 123 144424443
12 (78 50 (20 15) 3 1
2
w w 13 2
or 12[(78 50) (20 15)]
3 2 1
12[(78 50) (20 15)] 12 [128 35] 2
w 13 2
12(128) 12(35) 3 2
w
27
1 2 23 1272 2
1536 420 2 2
1956 2 3 2
w
3 2
The cost to the employee is $1956.
w2 9
42. 2x 9x (2 9)x 43. 4b 5b (4 5)b
w3
11x 9b
Substitute w 3 into the area formula.
44. There are no like terms. 5n2 7n is simplified. 1
l w 13 2
45. 3a2 14a2 (3 14)a2
17a2 l 3 13 2
1
46. 12(3c 4) 12(3c) 12(4) 1

l 42
36c 48 1
47. 15(3x 5) 15(3x) 15(5) Therefore, the rectangle has a length of 4 2 units
45x 75 and a width of 3 units.
48. 6x 14x 9x 6x2 (14 9)x
2 55. You can use the Distributive Property to calculate
6x2 5x quickly by expressing any number as a sum or
difference of more convenient numbers. Answer
49. 4y 3y y (4 3)y3 y4
3 3 4
should include the following.
7y3 y4
• Both methods result in the correct answer. In
50. 6(5a 3b 2b) 6(5a) 6(3b) 6(2b)
one method you multiply then add, and in the
30a 18b 12b
other you add then multiply.
30a (18 12)b
30a 6b 56. D; 3(x y) 2(x y) 4x 3x 3y 2x 2y 4x
3x 2x 4x 3y 2y
51. 5(6m 4n 3n) 5(6m) 5(4n) 5(3n)
(3 2 4)x (3 2)y
30m 20n 15n
1x 5y
30m (20 15)n
x 5y
30m 5n
57. C; c 7(2 2.8 3 4.2)
7 x 7 1
52. x2 8 x 8 x2 8 x 8x 7(5.6 12.6)
x2 178 18 2x 7(5.6) 7(12.6)
39.2 88.2
6
x2 8 x 127.4
3
x2 4 x
53. a
a 2 5
5a 5a 5a 5a
1 2
okPage 31 Maintain Your Skills
155 15 25 2 a
5
58. Symmetric Property

59. Substitution Property
8
5a 60. Multiplicative Identity Property
1 61. Multiplicative Inverse Property
54. Area l w 13 2
62. Multiplicative Inverse Property
w 5 perimeter 5 121l w2 2
1 1
63. Reflexive Property
5 12l 2w2
1
64. total number of number of
distance is feet per second times seconds
14243 123 144424443 123 1442443
2 2
5l 5w d 1129 2
Solve w
2
l
2
w for l. or d 1129(2)
5 5
2 2 65. 1129(2) (1000 100 30 1)2
w l w
5 5 1000(2) 100(2) 30(2) 1(2)
w
2
5w
2
l 2000 200 60 2
5
3 2 2258
w l
12 12
5 5 Sound travels 2258 feet in 2 seconds.
5 3
w
5 2
l 66. 3ab c2 3 4 6 32
2 5 2 5
3
3469
2
w l 12 6 9
3
Substitute 2 w for l into the Area formula. 72 9
63
Chapter 1 16
67. 8(a c)2 3 8(4 3)2 3 6. 5 3 6 4 5 4 3 6
8(1)2 3 (5 4) (3 6)
813 20 18
83 360
11 7.
5 3
16 94 16 94
3 5
1 2
6 6
6ab 6 4 6
68. c 1a 22
314 22 3 5
16 94 6
24 6
5
314 22 156 6
144
314 22 130
144
8. 4x 5y 6x 4x 6x 5y
3162
144 (4x 6x) 5y
18 (4 6)x 5y
8 10x 5y
69. 1a c2 1a 2 b 2 14 32 14 2 6 2 9. 5a 3b 2a 7b 5a 2a 3b 7b
172 1 2 2
4 6 (5a 2a) (3b 7b)
(5 2)a (3 7)b
172 1 2 2 7a 10b
10
172 152
1 3 1 2
10. 4 q 2q 24 q 4 q 24 q 2q
35
114 q 234 q2 2q
1 4 24 2 q 2q
70. A l w
1 3
95
45
3q 2q
13 22q
Area is 45 in2.2.
71. A 2 bh
1 5q
11. 3(4x 2) 2x 3(4x) 3(2) 2x
2 1242 1142
1
12x 6 2x
12 1142 12x 2x 6
168 (12x 2x) 6
Area is 168 cm2.2. (12 2)x 6
72. A s2 14x 6
8.52 12. 7(ac 2b) 2ac 7(ac) 7(2b) 2ac
72.25 7ac 14b 2ac
Area is 72.25 m2.a i 7ac 2ac 14b
(7ac 2ac) 14b
(7 2)ac 14b
Commutative and Associative 9ac 14b
1-6 13. 3(x 2y) 4(3x y) 3(x) 3(2y) 4(3x) 4(y)
Properties
3x 6y 12x 4y
3x 12x 6y 4y
Page 34 Check for Understanding (3 12)x (6 4)y
1. Sample answer: The Associative Property says the 15x 10y
way you can group numbers together when 14. half the sum
adding or multiplying does not change the result. of p and 2q increased by three-fourths q
1442443 144424443
1442443
2. Sample answer: Division is not Commutative. For 1
(p 2q)
3
q
2 4
example, 10 2 2 10.
1p 2q2 4q 2 1 p2 2 12q2
1 3 1 1 3
q Distributive
3. Sample answer: 1 5 8 8 1 5; 2 4
(1 5)8 1(5 8) Property
1 3
4. 14 18 26 14 26 18 2 p q 4q Multiply.
(14 26) 18

1
p 1 q2 3
q Associative ()
2 p 11 4 2q
40 18 2 4
58 1 3
Distributive
5.
1
32 4
1
22
1 1
32 22 4 Property
1 2
1 3
1 1 2 p 14 q Substitution
32 22 4
64
10
17 Chapter 1
15. number of
triangles times
area of
each triangle
3 1
1 3
26. 3 7 14 14 3 7 14 14 2 1
1442443 123 1444244 43 1

1
48 14
4 bh
11 2 112 5.2 7.862

2
60
4 2bh 4 5 2
24 6 3 1 5
2 2
2 8 24 6 3
1 4 2 2 15.2 7.862
27. 28
1 2
63 6 3
2 40.872 420
81.744 cost cost cost cost
28.
The area of the large triangle is 81.744 cm2. Friday Saturday Sunday Monday
14243 14243 14243 14243
$72 $63 $63 $72
Pages 34–36 Practice and Apply 72 63 63 72 72 63 72 63
16. 17 6 13 24 17 13 6 24 (72 63) (72 63)
(17 13) (6 24) 135 135
30 30 270
60 The total cost is $270.
17. 8 14 22 9 8 22 14 9 29.
(8 22) (14 9) cost tax cost tax cost tax cost tax
30 23 for for for for for for for for
Friday
123 Friday
123 Saturday
14243 Saturday
14243 Sunday
1424 3 Sunday
1424 3 Monday
1424 3 Monday
1424 3
53
18. 4.25 3.50 8.25 4.25 8.25 3.50 $72 $5.40 $63 $5.10 $63 $5.10 $72 $5.40
(4.25 8.25) 3.50 72 5.40 63 5.10 63 5.10 72 5.40
12.50 3.50 72 63 72 63 5.40 5.10 5.40 5.10
16 (72 63) (72 63) (5.40 5.10) (5.40 5.10)
19. 6.2 4.2 4.3 5.8 6.2 4.3 4.2 5.8 135 135 10.50 10.50
(6.2 4.3) (4.2 5.8) (135 135) (10.50 10.50)
10.5 10 270 21
20.5 291
1 1
20. 6 2 3 2 2 6 2 2 3 2
1 1 The total cost including tax is $291.
1 2
30. Sample answer:
62 2 13 22
1 1
Sales from Sales from Sales from
75 Sales from 3 new 2 older 5 used
12 2 DVDs
14243
releases videos videos
14243 14243 14243
3 3 3 3
21. 2 8 4 3 8 28 3 8 4 2(3.99) 3(4.49) 2(2.99) 5(9.99)
1 3
28 3 8 4
3
2 2(3.99) 3(4.49) 2(2.99) 5(9.99)
2(3.99) 2(2.99) 3(4.49) 5(9.99)
6
58 4 2(3.99 2.99) 3(4.49) 5(9.99)
6 Two expressions to represent total sales can be
98
2(3.99) 3(4.49) 2(2.99) 5(9.99) and

3
94 2(3.99 2.99) 3(4.49) 5(9.99).
22. 5 11 4 2 5 2 11 4 31. 2(3.99 2.99) 3(4.49) 5(9.99)
(5 2) (11 4) 2(6.98) 3(4.49) 5(9.99)
10 44 13.96 13.47 49.95
440 27.43 49.95
77.38
23. 3 10 6 3 3 3 10 6
The total sales of the clerk are $77.38.
(3 3) (10 6)
9 60 32. 4a 2b a 4a a 2b
540 (4a a) 2b
(4 1)a 2b
24. 0.5 2.4 4 0.5 4 2.4
5a 2b
(0.5 4) 2.4
2 2.4 33. 2y 2x 8y 2y 8y 2x
4.8 (2y 8y) 2x
(2 8)y 2x
25. 8 1.6 2.5 8 2.5 1.6
10y 2x
(8 2.5) 1.6
2x 10y
20 1.6
32 34. x2 3x 2x 5x2 x2 5x2 3x 2x
(x2 5x2) (3x 2x)
(1 5)x2 (3 2)x
6x2 5x
Chapter 1 18
35. 4a3 6a 3a3 8a 4a3 3a3 6a 8a 44. twice the sum
(4a3 3a3) (6a 8a) of s and t decreased by
1442443 1442443 123
s
(4 3)a3 (6 8)a 2(s t) s
7a3 14a
2(s t) s 2(s) 2(t) s Distributive
36. 6x 2(2x 7) 6x 2(2x) 2(7) Property
6x 4x 14 2t 2s s Comm. ()
(6x 4x) 14 2t s(2 1) Dist.
(6 4)x 14 2t s(1) Sub.()
10x 14 2t s Mult. Id.
37. 5n 4(3n 9) 5n 4(3n) 4(9) s 2t Comm. ()
5n 12n 36 45. five times the
(5n 12n) 36 product of x and y increased by 3xy
(5 12)n 36 14444244443 1442443 123
17n 36 5(x y) 3xy
38. 3(x 2y) 4(3x y) 3(x) 3(2y) 4(3x) 4(y) 5(xy) 3xy 5(xy) 3(xy) Associative ()
3x 6y 12x 4y xy(5 3) Distributive Property
3x 12x 6y 4y xy(8) Substitution
(3x 12x) (6y 4y) 8xy Commutative ()
(3 12)x (6 4)y 46. the product of
15x 10y 6 and the the sum of
39. 3.2(x y) 2.3(x y) 4x square
1442443
of z increased by seven, z2, and 6
1442443 144424443
3.2(x) 3.2(y) 2.3(x) 2.3(y) 4x
6 z2 (7 z2 6)
3.2x 3.2y 2.3x 2.3y 4x 2 2
3.2x 2.3x 4x 3.2y 2.3y 6z (7 z 6)
(3.2x 2.3x 4x) (3.2y 2.3y) 6z2 (z2 7 6) Commutative ()
(3.2 2.3 4)x (3.2 2.3)y (6z2 z2) (7 6) Associative ()
9.5x 5.5y z2(6 1) (7 6) Distributive Property
z2(7) 13 Substitution
40. 3(4m n) 2m 3(4m) 3(n) 2m
7z2 13 Commutative ()
12m 3n 2m
12m 2m 3n 47. six times three times the
(12m 2m) 3n the sum of sum of x and half
(12 2)m 3n x144424443
and y squared decreased by 144424443
of y squared
1 2
1442443
14m 3n 6(x y2)
1
3 x 2y2
1 2
41. 6(0.4f 0.2g) 0.5f 6(0.4f ) 6(0.2g) 0.5f
6 1x y2 2
1 2
3 x y
112 y22
2.4f 1.2g 0.5f 2
2.4f 0.5f 1.2g 6 1x2 6 1 y2 2 3 1x2 3 Distributive
(2.4f 0.5f ) 1.2g Property
(2.4 0.5)f 1.2g 3
2.9f 1.2g 6x 3x 6y2 2 y2 Commutative ()
42.
3
4
3 1s 2t2 s 4 3 1s2 3 12t2 s
2 3 2 2 x(6 3) y2 6 2 1 3
2 Distributive
Property
3 2 4
4 3s 3t s 3x 42y2
1
Commutative ()
3 2 4
4 3s s 3t 48. Sometimes; Sample answer: 4 3 3 4,
123s s2 43t
3 but 4 4 4 4.
4
4 1 3 1 2 s 3t
49. You can use the Commutative and Associative
3 2 4 Properties to rearrange and group numbers for
3 5 4
easier calculations. Answers should include the
4 3s 3t following.
1
3 1
2 2
43. 2p 5 2 p 2q 3 2p 5 2 p 5 2q 3
3 1
1 2 3
1 2 2 • d (0.4 1.1) (1.5 1.5) (1.9 1.8 0.8)
50. C; 6(ac 2b) 2ac 6(ac) 6(2b) 2ac
3 6 2
2p 10 p 5q 3 6ac 12b 2ac
1 3
2 6 2
2p 10 p 5 q 3
6ac 2ac 12b
(6ac 2ac) 12b
1 2 10 2 p 5 q 3 (6 2)ac 12b
3 6 2
8ac 12b
23 6 2
10 p 5 q 3
2 23 6
3
10 p 5 q
19 Chapter 1
51. B; the Commutative Property implies that 66. 4a 3b 4 2 3 5
6 5 5 6. 835
8 15
23
52. 5(2 x) 7x 5(2) 5(x) 7x
10 5x 7x Page 36 Practice Quiz 2
10 (5 7)x 1. j; Additive Identity Property, since a 0 a
10 12x 2. c; Substitution Property of Equality, since
12x 10 18 7 11
53. 3(5 2p) 3(5) 3(2p) 3. i; Commutative Property, since a b b a
15 6p
4. f; Reflexive Property of Equality, since a a
54. 3(a 2b) 3a 3(a) 3(2b) 3a
5. g; Associative Property, since (a b) c
3a 6b 3a
a (b c)
3a 3a 6b
(3a 3a) 6b 6. d; Multiplicative Identity Property, since
(3 3)a 6b 1aa
0a 6b 7. b; Multiplicative Property of 0, since a 0 0
6b 8. a; Distributive Property, since a(b c) ab ac
55. 7m 6(n m) 7m 6(n) 6(m) 9. h; Symmetric Property of Equality, since if a b,
7m 6n 6m then b a
7m 6m 6n 10. e; Multiplicative Inverse Property, since
(7m 6m) 6n a b
1
(7 6)m 6n b a
13m 6n
56. (d 5)f 2f (d)(f ) 5( f ) 2f
df 5f 2f 1-7 Logical Reasoning
df (5 2)f
df 7f
57. t2 2t2 4t (1 2)t2 4t Page 39 Check for Understanding
3t2 4t 1. Sample answer: If it rains, then you get wet.
58. 3(10 5 2) 21 7 Hypothesis: it rains
3(10 10) 21 7 Substitution; 5 2 10 Conclusion: you get wet
3(0) 21 7 Substitution; 10 10 0 2. Sample answer: Counterexamples are used to
0 21 7 Multiplicative Property disprove a statement.
of Zero; 3 0 0 3. Sample answer: You can use deductive reasoning
03 Substitution; 21 7 3 to determine whether a hypothesis and its
3 Additive Identity; conclusion are both true or whether one or both
033 are false.
59. 12(5) 6(4) 60 6(4) 4. Hypothesis: it is January
60 24 Conclusion: it might snow
36 5. Hypothesis: you play tennis
60. 7(0.2 0.5) 0.6 7(0.7) 0.6 Conclusion: you run fast
4.9 0.6 6. Hypothesis: 34 3x 16
4.3 Conclusion: x 6
61. 8[62 3(2 5)] 8 3 8[62 3(7)] 8 3 7. Hypothesis: Lance does not have homework
8[36 3(7)] 8 3 Conclusion: he watches television
8[36 21] 8 3 If Lance does not have homework, then he
8[15] 8 3 watches television.
120 8 3
8. Hypothesis: a number is divisible by 10
15 3
Conclusion: it is divisible by 5
18
If a number is divisible by 10, then it is divisible
62. 2x 7 2 4 7 63. 6x 12 6 8 12 by 5.
87 48 12
9. Hypothesis: a quadrilateral has four right angles
15 60
Conclusion: it is a rectangle
64. 5n 14 5 6 14 65. 3n 8 3 7 8 If a quadrilateral has four right angles, then it is
30 14 21 8 a rectangle.
16 13
10. The last digit of 10,452 is 2, so the hypothesis is
true. Conclusion: the number is divisible by 2.
Check: 10,452 2 5226 ✓
2 divides 10,452.
Chapter 1 20
11. The conclusion is true. If the last digit of the 33. The hypothesis is false. If the VCR cost less than
number is 2, the hypothesis is true also. However, $150, we know Ian will buy one. However, the
if the last digit is an even number other than 2, hypothesis does not say Ian won’t buy a VCR if it
the hypothesis is false. There is no way to costs $150 or more. Therefore, there is no valid
determine if the last digit is 2. Therefore, there is conclusion.
no valid conclusion. 34. The conditional statement does not mention DVD
12. The conclusion is true. 946 is divisible by 2. players. There is no way to determine if the
However, since the last digit is 6, the hypothesis hypothesis is true. Therefore, there is no valid
is false. Therefore, there is no valid conclusion. conclusion.
13. Anna could have a schedule without a science class. 35. The conclusion is true. If the cost of the VCRs is
14. a book that has more than 384 pages less than $150, the hypothesis is true, also.
? However, if the cost of the VCRs is $150 or more,
15. x 1; 12 7 1
the hypothesis is false. There is no way to
11
? determine the cost of the VCRs. Therefore, there
16. x 15; 3 15 7 52 is no valid conclusion.
52 52 ✓
36. People move to other states.
but 15 15
? 37. There is a professional team in Canada.
17. A; x 1, 12 7 1
38. Girls can wear blue clothes.
11
39. Left-handed people can have right-handed
parents.
40. x 2, y 3; Is 2 3 even? 2 3 6 and 6 is
even, but 3 is not even.
18. Hypothesis: both parents have red hair ?
Conclusion: their children have red hair 41. 8 is greater than 7. 42. n 15; 4 15 8 52
2(8) 16 52 52 ✓
19. Hypothesis: you are in Hawaii
16 16 but 15 15
Conclusion: you are in the tropics
6 1 6 1
20. Hypothesis: 2n 7
25 43. x 3, y 2; 3
2
1
Conclusion: n
16 11
21. Hypothesis: 4(b 9) 68 6 1
but 1 and 1
Conclusion: b 8 3 2
22. Hypothesis: a b 44. Sample answer:

Conclusion: b a
P Q R
23. Hypothesis: a b, and b c
Conclusion: a c 45. Sample answer:
24. Hypothesis: it is Monday
Conclusion: the trash is picked up R P Q
If it is Monday, then the trash is picked up.
25. Hypothesis: it is after school 46. See students’ work. There will probably be both
Conclusion: Greg will call examples and counterexamples.
If it is after school, then Greg will call. 47. Numbers that end in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 are in the
26. Hypothesis: a triangle has all sides congruent “divisible by 2” circle. Numbers whose digits have
Conclusion: it is an equilateral triangle a sum divisible by 3 are in the “divisible by 3”
If a triangle has all sides congruent, then it is an circle. Numbers that end in 0 or 5 are in the
equilateral triangle. “divisible by 5” circle.
27. Hypothesis: a number is divisible by 9 48. Sample answer: If a number is divisible by 2 and
Conclusion: the sum of its digits is a multiple of 9 3, then it must be a multiple of 6.
If a number is divisible by 9, then the sum of its 49. There are no counterexamples to the conclusions
digits is a multiple of 9. obtained in Exercises 47 and 48.
28. Hypothesis: x 8 50. No; Sample answer: Let a 1 and b 2; then
Conclusion: x 2 3x 40 1 * 2 1 2(2) or 5 and 2 * 1 2 2(1) or 4.
If x 8, then x 2 3x 40. 51. You can use if-then statements to help determine
29. Hypothesis: s
9 when food is finished cooking. Answers should
Conclusion: 4s 6
42 include the following.
If s
9, then 4s 6
42. • Hypothesis: you have small, underpopped
30. $139 is less than $150, so the hypothesis is true. kernels
Conclusion: Ian will buy a VCR. Conclusion: you have not used enough oil in
31. $99 is less than $150, so the hypothesis is true. your pan
Conclusion: Ian will buy a VCR. • If the gelatin is firm and rubbery, then it is
32. The conclusion is false. Ian did not buy a VCR, and ready to eat. If the water is boiling, lower the
he would have bought one if the cost were less than temperature.
$150. Therefore, the VCR cost $150 or more.
21 Chapter 1
52. 8, since 14 8 12 112 12 66. Multiplicative Property of Zero
100 n 0, since 36 0 0.
43 67. 5(7) 6 x
53. C; # 4 2 35 6 x
64
2
41 x
The solution is 41.
32
68. 7(42) 62 m
7(16) 36 m
112 36 m
Page 42 Maintain Your Skills 76 m
54. 2x 5y 9x 2x 9x 5y The solution is 76.
(2x 9x) 5y
22 113 52
(2 9)x 5y 69. p 2
28 2
11x 5y
22 8
55. a 9b 6b a (9b 6b) 28 4
a (9 6)b 14

a 15b 7
3 2 5 3 5 2
2
56. 4g 5f 8g 4g 8g 5f
134 g 58 g2 25f
The solution is 2.
70. The word product implies multiply, so the
1 4 8 2 g 5f
expression can be written as 8x4.
3 5 2
71. Times implies multiply, and decreased by implies

11 2
g 5f subtract. So the expression can be written as
8
3n 10.
3 2
1 8g 5f 72. More than implies add, and quotient implies
57. 4(5mn 6) 3mn 4(5mn) 4(6) 3mn divide. So the expression can be written as
20mn 24 3mn 12 (a 5).
20mn 3mn 24 73. 40% 90 0.4(90)
(20mn 3mn) 24 36
(20 3)mn 24 74. 23% 2500 0.23(2500)
23mn 24 575
58. 2(3a b) 3b 4 2(3a) 2(b) 3b 4 75. 18% 950 0.18(950)
6a 2b 3b 4 171
6a (2b 3b) 4
76. 38% 345 0.38(345)
6a (2 3)b 4
131.1
6a 5b 4
77. 42.7% 528 0.427(528)
59. 6x2 5x 3(2x2) 7x 6x2 5x 6x2 7x
225.456
6x2 6x2 5x 7x
225.5
(6 6)x2 (5 7)x
12x2 12x 78. 67.4% 388 0.674(388)
261.512
60. gallons gallons
261.5
used used gallons
flushing showering used number
toilet and bathing in sink times of days
123 14243
14243 1442443 14243
(100 80 8) d 1-8 Graphs and Functions
(100 80 8)d (100)(d) (80)(d) (8)(d)
100d 80d 8d
Two expressions to represent the amount of
1. The numbers represent different values. The first
water used in d days can be (100 80 8)d and
number represents the number on the horizontal
100d 80d 8d.
axis and the second represents the number on the
61. Multiplicative Identity Property vertical axis.
n 64, since 1(64) 64.
2. Sample answer: A dependent variable is
62. Reflexive Property determined by the independent variable for a
n 7, since 12 7 12 7. given function.
63. Substitution Property 3. See students’ work.
n 5, since (9 7)5 (2)5.
4. Sample answer: Alexi’s speed decreases as he
64. Multiplicative Inverse Property rides uphill, then increases as he rides downhill.
1
n 4, since 4 4 1.
65. Additive Identity Property
n 0, since 0 18 18.
Chapter 1 22
5. Just before jumping from a plane, the skydiver’s 14. The ordered pairs can be determined from the
height is constant. After she jumps, her height table. The time parked is the independent
decreases until she lands. When she lands the variable, and the cost is the dependent variable.
skydiver’s height above the ground is zero. Graph So, the ordered pairs are (0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 2),
B shows this situation. (3, 2), (4, 4), (5, 4), (6, 4) (7, 5), (8, 5), (9, 5),
6. Time is the independent variable, as it is (10, 5), (11, 5), (12, 30), (13, 30), (14, 30), (15, 30),
unaffected by the height of the object above the (16, 30), (17, 30), (18, 30), (19, 30), (20, 30),
ground. Height is the dependent quantity, as it is (21, 30), (22, 30), (23, 30), (24, 30), (25, 45),
affected by time. (26, 45), (27, 45), (28, 45), (29, 45), (30, 45),
7. The ordered pairs can be determined from the (31, 45), (32, 45), (33, 45), (34, 45), (35, 45), and
table. Time is the independent variable, and (36, 45).
the height above the ground is the dependent 15. 45
variable. So, the ordered pairs are (0, 500), 40
(0.2, 480), (0.4, 422), (0.6, 324), (0.8, 186), and 35
(1, 10). 30
8. 500 25
Cost
450 20
400
15
350
Height (cm)
300 10
250 5
200
150 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36
100 Time
50 16. From 7:00 A.M. Monday to 7:00 A.M. Tuesday is
0 24 hours. From 7:00 A.M. Tuesday to 7:00 P.M.
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Time (s)
Tuesday is 12 hours. From 7:00 P.M. Tuesday to
9:00 P.M. Tuesday is 2 hours. Therefore, from
9. Paul releases the ball above the ground. The 7:00 A.M. Monday to 9:00 P.M. Tuesday is 24 12
height of the ball then decreases as it approaches 2 38 hours. The cost for the first 24 hours is
the height at which the catcher catches the ball. $30. The cost for the next 14 hours is $15. Thus,
the cost of parking from 7:00 A.M. Monday to
9:00 P.M. Tuesday is 30 15 or $45.
Height
17. The number of sides of the polygon is the

independent variable as it is unaffected by the
sum of the interior angles, and the sum of the
interior angles is the dependent variable as it is
Time affected by the number of sides of the polygon.
18.
900
Pages 46–48 Practice and Apply 720
Sums
10. Michelle gets a fever and takes some medicine. 540

After a while her temperature comes down, then 360
slowly begins to go up again. 180
11. Rashaad’s account is increasing as he makes
deposits and earns interest. Then he pays some 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
bills. He then makes some deposits and earns Sides
interest, and so on. 19. If we look for a pattern in the numbers 180, 360,
12. As it moves along, a radio-controlled car has a 540, 720, and 900, we see that the numbers are
constant speed. When it hits the wall, its speed all multiples of 180. In fact:
is zero. Graph C shows this situation. 180 1 180
13. A person’s income starts at a certain level, then, 360 2 180
in general, their income increases. This is 540 3 180
represented by starting at a certain height, then 720 4 180
gradually increasing. Graph B shows this 900 5 180
situation. Thus, the next three numbers would be 6 180
1080, 7 180 1260, and 8 180 1440.
Therefore, we would predict that the sum of the
interior angles for an octagon is 1080, for a
nonagon is 1260, and for a decagon is 1440.
23 Chapter 1
20. A car’s value decreases as it gets older, but if it is 24. B; The value 4 on the horizontal axis corresponds
taken care of, the value of the car again to the highest point on the curve.
increases. 25. A; charge for cost for
profit is minus
each CD each CD
123 123 14243 123 14243
p (2.50 0.35)
Value
number cost of
times minus
of CDs equipment
123 14243 14243 1442443
Years
n 875
21. When the block of ice is removed from the
freezer the temperature starts to increase. The or p 2.15n 875
temperature increases until it approaches the
room temperature, at which time the
temperature gradually becomes constant. Page 48 Maintain Your Skills
26. Hypothesis: you use a computer
Temperature (˚F )
Conclusion: you can send e-mail

27. Hypothesis: a shopper has 9 or fewer items
Conclusion: the shopper can use the express lane
28. ab(a b) (ab)a (ab)b Distributive Prop.
a(ab) (ab)b Commutative ()
Time (a a)b a(b b) Associative ()
22a. At each value of the independent variable the a2b ab2 Substitution
dependent variable is 23 units greater. The 29. Substitution Property
following table shows this relationship. n 3, since (12 9)(4) (3)(4).
Lisa’s Age 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 30. Multiplicative Property of Zero
Mallory’s 28 33 38 43 48 53 58 63 n 0, since 7(0) 0.
Age 31. Multiplicative Identity Property
The ordered pairs for this data are (5, 28), n 1, since (1)(87) 87.
(10, 33), (15, 38), (20, 43), (25, 48), (30, 53), 32. Step 1 Draw a horizontal axis and a vertical
(35, 58), and (40, 63). Graph the ordered pairs. axis. Label the axes. Add a title.
Then draw a line through the points. Step 2 Draw a bar to represent each category. The
90 vertical scale is the number of radio
80 stations using each format. The horizontal
70 scale identifies the formats used.
Mallory’s Age
60 U.S. Commercial Radio Stations

50 by Format, 2000
40 2400
30 2200
20 2000
Number of Stations
10 1800
1600
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 1400
Lisa’s Age 1200
22b. We know Mallory is 23 years older than Lisa. 1000
So, for Mallory to be twice as old as Lisa, Lisa 800
must be 23 years old. The point on the graph 600
that corresponds to this situation is (23, 46).
0
23. Real-world data can be recorded and visualized
Co
Co ry
Ad te
Ne
Ro
ld
un
ck
in a graph and by expressing an event as a

w
ul mp
ie
s/T
t or
t
function of another event. Answers should

al
k
include the following.

ar
y
• A graph gives you a visual representation of Format

the situation, which is easier to analyze and
evaluate.
• During the first 24 hours, blood flow to the
brain decreases to 50% at the moment of the
injury and gradually increases to about 60%.
• Significant improvement occurs during the
first two days.
Chapter 1 24
Page 49 Algebra Activity
1-9
Statistics: Analyzing Data by
(Follow-Up of Lesson 1-8) Using Tables and Graphs
1. Sample answer: In 1900 there were 15,503,000
students, and in 1920 there were 21,578,000
Pages 53–54 Check for Understanding
students. Therefore, we could estimate that there
15,503,000 21,578,000 1. A circle graph compares parts to the whole. A bar
were 18,540,500, or about
2 graph compares different catagories of data. A
18,540,000 students in 1910. In 1970 line graph shows changes in data over time.
there were 45,550,000 students, and in 1980 2. See students’ work.
there were 41,651,000 students. Therefore, 3. Sample answer: The percentages of the data do
we could estimate that there were not total 100.
45,550,000 41,651,000
2
43,600,500 or 4. The bar for the number of schools participating in
about 43,600,000 students in 1975. basketball shows 321 and the bar for the number
2. Sample answer: 55,000,000. By looking at general of schools participating in golf shows 283. So,
trends of the graph, we see that it is increasing, there were 321 – 283 or 38 more schools
and the amount of students will be around participating in basketball than in golf.
55,000,000 in 2020. 5. The bar showing the least amount is for tennis.
3. Sample answer: For Exercise 1 we averaged the Therefore, of the sports listed, tennis is offered at
enrollments for 1900 and 1920 and then for 1970 the fewest schools.
and 1980. For Exercise 2 we calculated the 6. The percentage representing the number of
increase in students per year from 1900 to 1980, students from Germany is 0.06%. So, find 0.06%
then added 40 times that amount to the 1980 of 14.9 million.
enrollment. 0.06% 14,900,00 equals 8940.
of 1442443
14243 123 123
14243
4. If the U.S. population does not increase as
quickly as in the past, then the number of
0.0006 14,900,000 8940
students may be too high. 8940 of the students were from Germany.
5. The year is the independent variable since it is 7. The percentage representing the number of
unaffected by the number of students per students from Canada is 0.15%. The percentage
computer, and the number of students per representing the number of students from the
computer is the dependent variable since it is United Kingdom is 0.05%. So, find 0.15 0.05 or
affected by the year. The ordered pairs can be 0.1% of 14.9 million.
determined from the table with x representing 0.1% of 14,900,00 equals 14,900
123 123 1442443 14243
14243
the number of years since 1984. The orderd pairs
0.001 14,900,000 14,900
are (0, 125), (1, 75), (2, 50), (3, 37), (4, 32), (5, 25),
(6, 22), (7, 20), (8, 18), (9, 16), (10, 14), (11, 10.5), 14,900 more students were from Canada than
(12, 10), (13, 7.8), (14, 6.1), (15, 5.7). Graph the from the United Kingdom.
ordered pairs. 8. No; the data do not represent a whole set.
9. A bar graph would be more appropriate, since a
130
120
bar graph is used to compare similar data in the
110 same category.
Students per Computer
100
90
10. Sample answer: The vertical axis scale shows
80 only partial intervals.
70
60
11. The vertical axis needs to begin at 0.
50
40
30
20 Pages 54–55 Practice and Apply
10
12. 1
film stock plus processing plus prep for telecine plus
442443 123 1442443 123 144424443 123
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
3110.40 621.00 60.00
Years Since 1984
telecine plus tape stock equals total cost.
14243 123 1442443 14
424
43 1442443
A prediction is 1 student per computer because it
does not seem likely that schools would have 1000.00 73.20 4864.60
more computers than students. The total cost is $4864.60.
13. original backup total cost of
tape stock plus tape stock equals digital video .
1442443 123 1442443 14 42443 144424443
10.00 10.00 20.00
The total cost of using digital video is $20.00, and
from Exercise 12 the total cost of using
35-millimeter film is $4864.60.
4864.60 20.00 243.23
The cost of 35-millimeter film is about 250 times
as great.
25 Chapter 1
14. The section of the graph representing books Page 55 Maintain Your Skills
purchased in the spring is 19%, so find 19% of 22. Pedro’s heart rate increases as he exercises, and
25 million. continues to increase until he is done sprinting.
19% His heart rate decreases during his last walk
23 of 25,000,000 equals 4,750,000
1 { 14243 123 14243
until it returns to a normal rate.
0.19 25,000,000 4,750,000
About 5 million books were purchased in the spring.
Heart rate
15. The section of the graph representing books
purchased in the summer is 15%, so find 15% of
15,000.
15%
23 of 15,000 equals 2250. Distance (mi)
1 { 14243 123 1 23
23. 4x 5 42
0.15 15,000 2250
4x 47
She should expect to sell about 2250 books. 3
x 11 4
16. The vertical axis is extended and does not begin
at 0. It gives the impression that the number of Thus, x 12 is a sample counterexample.
cable television systems is decreasing rapidly.
24. Sample answer:
17. Yes, the graph is misleading because the sum of 3 3 ?
the percentages is not 100. To fix the graph, each x 2; 2
7 1
section must be drawn accurately and another 3
2
7 1 ✓
section that represents “other” toppings should be 3 1
added. but 2
3
18a. To show little increase, bunch the values on the 2
vertical scale closer together. 25. a rectangle with length 6 inches and width
2 inches
Color Television Ownership,
6 6 2 2 16
1980–2000
16 16 ✓
U.S. Households
100
Percentage of
However, each side is not 4 inches long.

90
26. 7a 5b 3b 3a 7a 3a 5b 3b
80
(7a 3a) (5b 3b)
70
(7 3)a (5 3)b
60
’80 ’85 ’90 ’95 ’00
10a 8b
Year 27. 4x2 9x 2x2 x 4x2 2x2 9x x
18b. To show rapid increase spread the values on the (4x2 2x2) (9x x)
vertical scale further apart. (4 2)x2 (9 1)x
6x2 10x
Color Television Ownership,
1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1
1980–2000 28. 2n 3m 2m 3n 2n 3n 3m 2m
112 n 13 n2 123 m 12 m2
U.S. Households
100

Percentage of
12 3 2n 13 2 2m
95
1 1 2 1
90
85 5 7
6n 6m
80
5 1
’80 ’85 ’90 ’95 ’00 6n 1 6m
Year
18c. See students’ graphs and explanations.

19. Tables and graphs provide an organized and Page 56 Spreadsheet Investigation
quick way to examine data. Answers should (Follow-Up of Lesson 1-9)
include the following. 1. Enter the data in a spreadsheet. Use Column A
• Examine the existing pattern and use it to for the years and Column B for the sales. Select
continue a graph to the future. the data to be included in the graph. Then use
• Make sure the scale begins at zero and is the graph tool to create a line graph.
consistent. Circle graphs should have all Snowmobile Sales
percents total 100%. The right kind of graph 1200
should be used for the given data. 1000
Sales (millions)
20. C; From the second to the third day the 800

temperature increase was about 8F. 600
21. C; A line graph shows changes in data over time. 400
200
0
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998
Year
Chapter 1 26
2. Enter the data in a spreadsheet as in Exercise 1. 21. 3 2 4 3 8
Select the data to be included in your graph. 11
Then use the graph tool to create a bar graph. 110 62 4
22. 8
Snowmobile Sales 8
1
1200 2
1000
Sales (millions)
23. 18 42 7 18 16 7
800
27
600
9
400
24. 8(2 5) 6 8(7) 6
200
56 6
0
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 50
Year 25. 4(11 7) 9 8 4(18) 9 8
3. Yes; you can change the scales to begin at values 72 9 8
other than zero, or change the intervals on the 72 72
scale to be misleading. 0
26. 288 [3(9 3)] 288 [3(12)]
288 36
Chapter 1 Study Guide and Review 8
27. 16 2 5 3 6 8 5 3 6
Page 57 Vocabulary and Concept Check 40 3 6
1. a; Additive Identity Property 120 6
2. e; Multiplicative Identity Property 20
3. g; Multiplicative Property of Zero 28. 6(43 22) 6(64 22)
6(64 4)
4. f; Multiplicative Inverse Property
6(68)
5. h; Reflexive Property 408
6. j; Symmetric Property 14 62 14 62
7. i; Substitution Property 29. 13 12 3 15 22
33 15 22
10
8. k; Transitive Property 33 15 22
9. b; Distributive Property 10
33 10
10. d; Associative Property
10
27 10
27 1
Pages 57–62 Lesson-by-Lesson Review 26
11. a number x to the fifth power 30. t2 3y 42 3 2 31. xty3 3 4 23
14444444244444443
x5 16 3 2 3 4 8
The algebraic expression is x5. 16 6 12 8
22 96
12. five times a number x squared
123123 1444 4424 44443 ty 4 2
32.
5 x2 x 3
8
The algebraic expression is 5x2. 3
twenty-one
13. a number x sum of 1442443 2
1442443 14243 23
x 21 33. x t2 y2 3 42 22
The algebraic expression is x 21. 3 16 22
14. twice a number x difference of eight 3 16 4
14444244443 144 443 14243
424
19 4
2x 8 23
The algebraic expression is 2x 8. 34. 3ty x2 3 4 2 32
15. 33 3 3 3 16. 25 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 29
27 32 12 2 9
17. 54 5 5 5 5 24 9
625 15
18. the product of two and a number p squared 35. 8(x y)2 2t 8(3 2)2 2 4
8(1)2 2 4
19. the product of three and a number m to the fifth
8 12 4
power
82 4
20. the sum of one half and two 88
16
27 Chapter 1
36. x 22 13 37. y 4 32 47. Replace x in 2x 5 15 with each value in the
9 49 replacement set.
The solution is 9. 13 x 2x 5 15 True or False?
The solution is 13.
?
64 4 21 3 4 2 4 5 15 S 13 15 false
38. m 17
39. x 12 3
?
68 18 5 2 5 5 15 S 15 15 true ✓
17
9 ?
4 2 6 2 6 5 15 S 17 15 true ✓
?
The solution is 4. The solution is 2. 7 2 7 5 15 S 19 15 true ✓
14 28 96 6 ?
40. a 4 3
41. n 8 2 8 2 8 5 15 S 21 15 true ✓
42 16
7
4 The solution set for 2x 5 15 is {5, 6, 7, 8}.
6 4 48. 2[3 (19 42)]
The solution is 6. The solution is 4. 2[3 (19 16)] Substitution; 42 16
714 32 6172 2132 2[3 3] Substitution; 19 16 3
42. b 18 3
43. x 2 2 1 Substitution; 3 3 1
4 6122
71122 42 6 2 Multiplicative Identity;
6
16 12
84 36
2 12
6
4 1
49. 2 2[2 3 1]
14 9 2
1
The solution is 14. The solution is 9. 2 2 2[6 1] Substitution; 2 3 6
1
44. y 5[2(4) 13] 22 25 Substitution; 6 1 5
5[8 1]
125 Multiplicative Inverse;
5[7] 1
35 2
21
The solution is 35. 1 10 Substitution; 2 5 10
45. Replace x in x 2
7 with each value in the
replacement set. 11Substitution; 1 + 10 11
50. 42 22 (4 2)
x x27 True or False?
42 22 2 Substitution; 4 2 2
?
4 4 2 7 7S6 7 false 16 22 2 Substitution; 42 16
? 16 4 2 Substitution; 22 4
5 5 2 7 7S7 7 false 12 2 Substitution; 16 4 12
?
6 6 2 7 7S8 7 7 true ✓ 10 Substitution; 12 2 10
? 51. 1.2 0.05 23
7 7 2 7 7S9 7 7 true ✓
1.2 0.05 8 Substitution; 23 8
?
8 8 2 7 7 S 10 7 7 true ✓ 1.15 8 Substitution; 1.2 0.05
1.15
The solution set for x 2
7 is {6, 7, 8}.
9.15 Substitution; 1.15 8 9.15
46. Replace x in 10 x 7 with each value in the
52. (7 2)(5) 52
replacement set.
5(5) 52 Substitution; 7 2 5
x 10 x 7 True or False? 5(5) 25 Substitution; 52 25
? 25 25 Substitution; 5 5 25
4 10 4 6 7 S 6 6 7 true ✓ 0 Substitution ()
? 1
5 10 5 6 7 S 5 6 7 true ✓ 53. 3(4 4) 2 4 (8)
1
6
?
10 6 6 7 S 4 6 7 true ✓ 3(1) 2 4 (8) Substitution; 4 4 1
182
1
7
?
10 7 6 7 S 3 6 7 true ✓ 31 4
Substitution; 12 1
1
? 3 (8) Multiplicative Identity;
8 10 8 6 7 S 2 6 7 true ✓ 4
313
The solution set for 10 x 7 is {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}. 1
32 Substitution; 4
82
54. 2(4 7) 2(4) 2(7) 55. 8(15 6) 8(15) 8(6)
8 14 120 48
22 72
Chapter 1 28
56. 4(x 1) 4(x) 4(1) 72. five times the
4x 4 decreased by 2x
sum of x and y 1
144424443 44424443 123
57. 3 1 1
3 2
p 3 1 2 31 p2
1
3
5(x y) 2x
5(x y) 2x 5(x) 5(y) 2x Distributive
1 3p
Property
58. 6(a b) 6(a) 6(b)
5x 2x 5y Commutative
6a 6b
()
59. 8(3x 7y) 8(3x) 8(7y) 3x 5y Substitution
24x 56y
73. twice the product the product
60. 4a 9a (4 9)a of p and q increased by of p and q
13a 14444244443 144424443 1442443
61. There are no like terms. 5( p q) pq

4np 7mp is simplified. 2pq pq (2 1)pq Distributive Property
62. 3w w 4v 3v (3w w) (4v 3v) 3pq Substitution
(3 1)w (4 3)v 74. the sum of eight
2w 1v six times a plus times b and twice a
1442443 123 1444442444443
2w v 6a (8b 2a)
63. 3m 5m 12n 4n (3m 5m) (12n 4n)
6a 8b 2a
(3 5)m (12 4)n
6a 2a 8b Commutative ()
8m 8n
(6a 2a) 8b Associative ()
64. 2p(1 16r) 2p(1) 2p(16r) (6 2)a 8b Distributive Property
2p 32pr 8a 8b Substitution
65. 9y 3y 5x (9y 3y) 5x 75. three times the sum of x squared
(9 3)y 5x the square of x plus and seven times x
12y 5x 144424443 123 1444442444443
66. 3x 4y 2x 3x 2x 4y 3 x2 (x2 7 x)
(3x 2x) 4y 3x2 x2 7x
(3 2)x 4y (3x2 x2) 7x Associative ()
5x 4y (3 1)x2 7x Distributive Property
67. 7w w 2w2 7w2 2w2 w
2 4x2 7x Substitution
(7w2 2w2) w 76. Hypothesis: it is 7:30 A.M.
(7 2)w2 w Conclusion: school begins
9w2 w If it is 7:30 A.M., then school begins.
1 1
1 1 1 2
68. 3 2m 2m n 3 2m 2m n 77. Hypothesis: a figure is a triangle
13 2 2 2m n
Conclusion: it has three sides
1 1 If a figure is a triangle, then it has three sides.
?
4m n 78. x 13, y 12; 13 7 12
69. 6a 5b 2c 8b 6a 5b 8b 2c 13 7 12 ✓
6a (5b 8b) 2c but 21132 31122
6a (5 8)b 2c ? ?
6a 13b 2c 79. a 15, b 1, c 12; 15 7 1 and 15 7 12
70. 3(2 3x) 21x 3(2) 3(3x) 21x 15 7 1 and 15 7 12 ✓
6 9x 21x but 1 12
6 (9x 21x) 80. When taking off, the airplane has zero altitude.
6 (9 21)x Then the plane gains altitude. The plane’s
6 30x altitude remains constant as it flies around. Then
30x 6 the altitude decreases until the plane lands.
71. 6(2n 4) 5n 6(2n) 6(4) 5n Graph C shows this situation.
12n 24 5n
12n 5n 24
(12n 5n) 24
(12 5)n 24
17n 24
29 Chapter 1
81. The amount of helium in a balloon increases from 7 difference of a number x squared
5. {
144424443 14444424 44443
zero at a steady rate until it bursts. When the
7 x2
balloon bursts, the amount of helium in the
balloon is again zero. The algebraic expression is 7 x2.
6. 5(9 3) 3 4 5(12) 3 4
60 3 4
Helium (cm3 )
60 12
48
7. 12 6 3 2 8 72 3 2 8
24 2 8
Time 48 8
82. Construct a table with 2 rows. The first row is 6
labeled Earth Years and the second row is labeled 8. a2b c 22 5 3
Mars Years. Since one year on Earth is about 0.54 4 53
years on Mars, pick some value for Earth Years and 20 3
multiply by 0.54 to get values for Mars Years. 23
Earth Years 5 10 15 20 25 9. (cd)3 (3 1)3 10. (a d )c (2 1)3
33 (3)3
Mars Years 2.7 5.4 8.1 10.8 13.5 27 9
83. 50 11. y (4.5 0.8) 3.2 12. 42 3(4 2) x
y 5.3 3.2 42 3(2) x
40 y 2.1 16 3(2) x
The solution is 2.1. 16 6 x
Mars Years
30 10 x
The solution is 10.
20
23 13
13. 2 1
n
10
8 1
3
n
7
0 10 20 30 40 50
3
n
Earth Years 1
23 n
84. The section of the graph representing students
7 1
who chose the amusement park is 45% of the The solution is 3
or 2 3.
circle, so find 45% of 120. 14. 32 2 (2 2)
45%
23 of 120 equal 54. 9 2 (2 2) Substitution; 32 9
1 { 1 23 123 {
0.45 120 54 920 Substitution; 2 2 0

54 students chose the amusement park. 7 Additive Identity; 7 0 7
85. The section of the graph representing students 15. (2 2 3) 22 32
who chose the amusement park is 45% of the (4 3) 22 32 Substitution; 2 2 4
circle. The section of the graph representing 1 22 32 Substitution; 4 3 1
students who chose the water park is 25%. So, 1 4 32 Substitution; 22 4
find 45 – 25 or 20% of 180. 149 Substitution; 32 9
20%
23 of 180 equal 36. 59 Substitution; 1 4 5
1 { 1 23 123 {
0.2% 180 36 14 Substitution; 5 9 14
There were 36 more students who chose the 16. 2m 3m (2m 3m)
amusement park than the water park. (2 3)m
5m
17. 4x 2y 2x y 4x 2x 2y y
(4x 2x) (2y y)
Chapter 1 Practice Test (4 2)x (2 1)y
2x 3y
Page 63
18. 3(2a b) 5a 4b 3(2a) 3(b) 5a 4b
1. d; Reflexive Property of Equality
6a 3b 5a 4b
2. a; Substitution Property of Equality 6a 5a 3b 4b
3. c; Transitive Property of Equality (6a 5a) (3b 4b)
4. a number x sum of 13 (6 5)a (3 4)b
1442443 14243 123
1a 7b
x 13 a 7b
The algebraic expression is x 13.
Chapter 1 30
19. Running for 15 minutes does not mean you can 2. C; 2 r 2 3.14 4
run for a few hours. 6.28 4
20. 2x 3 9 25.12
2x 12 3. B; There are about 50 weeks in a year.
x6 80 50 4000
Thus, x 6 is a counterexample. 4. A; 4
21. When a basketball is shot, its height starts above 1250
the ground. Then it increases until the basketball 48
reaches its maximum height. The height of the 2
ball decreases until it gets to the basket, at which
5. D; charge number cost of replaced
time it falls back to the ground.
per hour times of hours plus parts
14243 123 14243 123 144424443
($36 h) $85
or (36 h) 85
Height
6. D; 3(2x 3) 2(x 1) 3(2x) 3(3) 2(x) 2(1)

6x 9 2x 2
6x 2x 9 2
(6x 2x) (9 2)
Time (6 2)x 11
22. The nickel’s height is at a maximum when it is 8x 11
dropped. It’s height decreases until it hits the 7. B; 3 is a positive integer, but 9 is not divisible by 2.
stack of pennies. The height of the nickel 8. B; The section of the graph representing foreign-
increases as it bounces off the pennies. born people from Asia is 25.2% of the circle.
The section of the graph representing foreign-
born people from Central America is 34.5% of
the circle. 25.2 34.5
Height
5
9. Five eighths of the students are girls, so 1 8 or
3 3
8
of the students are boys. Find 8 of 32.
3
of 32 equal 12.
{
8 { { 123 {
Time
3
8
32 12
who chose chocolate is 62% of the circle. The There are 12 boys in the class.
section of the graph representing students who 10. cost of
chose vanilla is 32% of the circle. So, find 62 – 32 $25 minus the books plus tax
123 14243 144424443 123 14444244443
or 30% of 200. 25 [ (8.99 13.99) 0.06(8.99 13.99) ]
30%
23 of 200 equal 60.
1 { 12 3 123 { 25 [(8.99 13.99) 0.06 (8.99 13.99)]
0.3 200 60 25 [(8.99 13.99) 0.06 (8.99 13.99)]
There were 60 more students who chose chocolate 25 [22.98 0.06(22.98)]
than vanilla. 25 [22.98 1.38]
25 24.36
0.64
who chose chocolate is 62% of the circle. The
She should receive $0.64 in change.
section of the graph representing students who
chose vanilla is 32% of the circle. So, 62 32 or 11. The bars with the least difference in height are
94% of the students chose either chocolate or representing 1999. Therefore, 1999 was the year
vanilla. with the least difference in home runs.
15% of 80 equals 1
12. B;123 12.
25. D; 2 is a prime number, but is not odd. 123
123 1
424
3 23
0.15 80 12
25% of 50 equals 12.5
123 123 123 14243 123
Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice 0.25 50 12.5
Pages 64–65 12 12.5
1 3
2 1
1. B; 1 4 800 200 4 800 200
200 200
40,000
31 Chapter 1
10 1a b2c 4 3a 1c2 b 1c2 4
2 1 1
13. A; 10 3 15. C; 4
2
4 1ac bc2
3 1
3
10 2 ac bc
10 3 4

1 2
5 16. C; (26 39) (39 13) (26 39) (13 39)

10 3 (26 13) 39
12
1 39 39

53 392
11
15 17a. Sample answer: The new pump pumps many
1 more gallons per hour than the old pump. The
15 new pump pumps about twice as many gallons
15 7 15 per hour as the old pump.
14. B; Replace x in 2x 1 2x 1 with each value 17b. The gallons pumped per hour by both pumps at
in {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. the same time is the sum of the number of gallons
pumped per hour by each pump individually.
True or
x 2x 1 2x 1 False?
Gallons
?
1 2 1 1 6 2 1 1S1 6 3 true ✓
?
2 2 2 1 6 2 2 1S3 6 5 true ✓
?
3 2 3 1 6 2 3 1S5 6 7 true ✓
Hours
?
4 2 4 1 6 2 4 1S7 6 9 true ✓ 17c. This graph shows that only the old pump was
? pumping at first, and then after some hours the
5 2 5 1 6 2 5 1 S 9 6 11 true ✓
new pump started pumping also.
Notice that the expression 2x 1 is always 2
units greater than the expression 2x 1.
Chapter 1 32
Chapter 2 Real Numbers
7 19 2 7 4 9
Page 67 Getting Started 19. mean 6
1. 2.2 2. 0 12 1 3. 33 4. 18 48
1 3 .4 6.4
0.16 4.2576 . 50 6
4.5 8.8
8
2.36 4 25
8.9 512
34 00 There are six numbers in the set. When ordered
51 2
34 00 from least to greatest, the third number is 7 and
56.3 2 7 7
0 the fourth is 7. So, the median is 2 or 7.
1 2 3 8 1 1 3 2 7 appears two times, and the other numbers of
5. 4
3 12 12 6. 2
366
11 1
the set appear only once. So, the mode is 7.
12 6
20. 112 11 11 21. 0.92 0.9 0.9
1 1
121 0.81
123 22 23 23 145 22 45 45
5 3 5 3 4 1 4 3
7. 4
10 4 10 8. 9
3 91
2 3 22. 23.
3 4 1
or 13 4 16
8 3 9 25
9. 3a 2 3 2 2 10. 2x 5 2 7 5
62 14 5
4 19
2-1 Rational Numbers on the
11. 8( y 2.4) 8(0.3 2.4)
8(2.7)
Number Line
21.6
1 2
1 1 1 Page 70 Check for Understanding
12. 4(b 2) 4 4 2 13. a 2
414 4 2
2 2 1. Let a be any integer. Since a can always be
1 8 1 a
12 written in the form 1 , a is also a rational number.
414 2
The statement is always true.
9
2. Sample answer: Absolute value is how far from

36 zero a number is.
4
3. Sample answer: describing distances in a given
9
direction such as north versus south, or left
1
14. b 3 4
3 15. xy 7 0.3 versus right
1 2.1 4. The dots indicate each point on the graph. The
34
1 2
1
coordinates are {2, 1, 2, 5}.
16. y(a b) 0.3 2 4 5. The bold arrow on the left means that the graph
5 6
0.3(8) continues indefinitely in that direction. The
11 9 7 5 3
2.4 coordinates are . . ., 2 , 2, 2, 2, 2 .
2 4 7 9 12 15
17. mean 6 6.
49 5432 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
6
1
7.
86 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
There are six numbers in the set. When ordered 8.

from least to greatest, the third number is 7 and 1 1 0 1 2 1 5
7 9 2 4 5 3
the fourth is 9. So, the median is 2 or 8. Every
9.
number in the set appears only once. So, there is 9 8 76 5 4 3 2 1 0 1
no mode.
10. 2 is two units from zero in the negative
23 23 23 12 12 14
18. mean 6 direction.

107 02 0 2
6
5 11. 18 is eighteen units from zero in the positive
176 direction.
There are six numbers in the set. When ordered 018 0 18
from least to greatest, the third number is 14 and 12. 2.5 is two and one half units from zero in the
14 23 1
the fourth is 23. So, the median is 2
or 182. positive direction.
02.5 0 2.5
The number 23 appears three times, and the
other numbers of the set appear only once. So, the
5
mode is 23. 13. 6 is five-sixths unit from zero in the negative
0 56 0 56
direction.
33 Chapter 2
14. 57 0x 34 0 57 018 34 0 34. 38 is thirty-eight units from zero in the negative
57 052 0 direction.
57 52 038 0 38
5 35. 10 is ten units from zero in the positive direction.
15. 19 021 y 0 19 021 4 0 010 0 10
19 017 0
36. 97 is ninety-seven units from zero in the positive
19 17
direction.
36
097 0 97
16. 0z 0 0.26 00.76 0 0.26
0.76 0.26 37. 61 is sixty-one units from zero in the negative
0.50 direction.
17. 061 0 61
Rational Numbers 38. 3.9 is three and nine tenths units from zero in the
1
Integers
2 positive direction.
Whole 03.9 0 3.9
Numbers 1.25
39. 6.8 is six and eight tenths units from zero in the
0 40 4 2 2 1 5 negative direction.

06.8 0 6.8
53 3 3 5 2
13 0.33 2.98
49.98 23
40. 56 is twenty-three fifty-sixths unit from zero in
the negative direction.
0 2356 0 2356
41. 80
is thirty-five eightieths unit from zero in the
18. The dots indicate each point on the graph. The
positive direction.
0 3580 0 3580
coordinates are {4, 2, 0, 2, 4}.
coordinates are {7, 6, 5, 3, 2}. 42.
20. The bold arrow on the right means that the graph 108 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
continues indefinitely in that direction. The Therefore, the percents of change from least to
coordinates are {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, . . .}. greatest are 10.6, 2.9, 1.4, 0.2, 1.7, 4.3, 4.7,
21. The bold arrow on the left means that the graph 5.3, 8.5, and 10.0.
continues indefinitely in that direction. The 43. Philadelphia, PA; Sample answer: It had the
coordinates are {. . ., 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8}. greatest absolute value.
5 6
22. The dots indicate each point on the graph. The 44. Wayne, MI; Sample answer: It had the least
5 2
coordinates are 2, 3, 1, 3, 1 . absolute value.
45. 48 0x 5 0 48 012 5 0
5 6
1 4 7 8 48 07 0
coordinates are 5, 5, 5, 5, 2 .
48 7
24. 55
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
46. 25 017 x 0 25 017 12 0
25. 25 029 0
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
25 29
26. 54
017 a 0 23 017 6 0 23
7 6 5 4 3 2
47.
27. 011 0 23
2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
11 23
28. 34
043 4a 0 51 043 4 6 0 51
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
48.
043 24 0 51
29.
019 0 51
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
30. 19 51
1 2 1 0 1 2
1 11 12 2 70
3 3 3 3 3 3
31. 49. 0z 0 13 4 05 0 13 4

4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 5 13 4
32. 18 4
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 14
33. 50. 28 13 0z 0 28 13 05 0
6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 28 13 5
15 5
20
Chapter 2 34
51. 6.5 08.4 y 0 6.5 08.4 3.2 0 60. Sample answer: You can plot the data on a
6.5 05.2 0 number line to visualize their relationship.
6.5 5.2 Answers should include the following.
1.3 • Determine the least and greatest values of the
52. 7.4 0y 2.6 0 7.4 03.2 2.6 0 data, and use those as the endpoints of the line.
7.4 00.6 0 • Find the absolute value of each number.
7.4 0.6 61. D; 08 0 2 8 2
8
0 0 0 23 127 0
6
1 7 1
53. b 12 6 62. C; Zero is a whole number, but zero is not a
6 0 12 0
6
1 1 natural number.
1 1
6 12
4
1 Page 72 Maintain Your Skills
1 2 0 5 0 123 12 2 0 56 0
1
63. The graph shows that Mr. Michaels’s sales were
54. b 2 6 less than 10 cars for each month except
13 2 2 6
2 1 5 December. In December Mr. Michaels sold
12 cars. Therefore, his greatest sales happened
7 5
66 in December.
1 64. The graph shows that Mr. Michaels’s change in
3
0 54 1 0 25
sales between any two consecutive months was
55. 0 c 1 0 5
2
always less than 7 cars except between November
040 5
1 2 and December when it was 8 cars. Therefore, the
greatest change in sales occurred between
45
1 2 November and December.
13 65. The graph shows that Mr. Michaels sold 3 cars in
20
1 2 0 5 0 1 12
February, July, and October.
56. 0c 0 2 2 4 2 2
1
66. The volume starts high, decreases when she turns
4 12 2 2
5 1
it down, remains constant while she is on the
phone, then increases to its starting volume when
42
5 5 she gets off the phone.
15 3
4
or 3 4
57. 0x 0 1 0x 0 Volume
Therefore, 0x 0 0x 0 can be thought of as what

number when multiplied by 1 is equal to itself? Time
The number 0 is the only number that satisfies
that characteristic. i.e. 1 0 0. So, 0x 0 0.
67. 8x 2y x 8x x 2y
(8x x) 2y
What number is zero units from zero? x 0, or
(8 1)x 2y
the solution is 0.
9x 2y
58.
10 0 10 20 30 68. 7(5a 3b) 4a 7(5a) 7(3b) 4a
35a 21b 4a
59. 11 is eleven units from zero in the negative
35a 4a 21b
direction. For Bismarck, 011 0 11.
(35a 4a) 21b
5 is five units from zero in the negative (35 4)a 21b
direction. For Caribou, 05 0 5. 31a 21b
4 is four units from zero in the negative 69. 4[1 4(5x 2y)] 4[1 4(5x) 4(2y)]
direction. For Chicago, 04 0 4. 4[1 20x 8y]
9 is nine units from zero in the negative 4[1] 4[20x] 4[8y]
direction. For Fairbanks, 09 0 9. 4 80x 32y
13 is thirteen units from zero in the negative 70.
3 1
88
4
71.
7 3
12 12
4
direction. For International Falls, 013 0 13. 8 12
1 1
7 is seven units from zero in the positive 2 3
direction. For Kansas City, 07 0 7. 72.
7 1
5 10 10
7 2
73.
3 2 9
3 24 24
16
10 8
34 is thirty-four units from zero in the positive 9
direction. For Sacramento, 034 0 34.
25
10 24
1
33 is thirty-three units from zero in the positive 1 24
direction. For Shreveport, 033 0 33.
35 Chapter 2
5 1 5 3 3 1 9 4 2 3 20 27
74. 266 75. 3 12 12 14. 9 10 90 90
1 27 2
6 4
8 5 20
6 12 90 90
1 0 90 0 0 90 0 2
4 1
3 or 1 3 20 27
1 90 90 2
9 1 18 15 7 7 14 7
76. 15
2 30 30 77. 9
18 18 18 20 27
3 7
30 18 47
90
1 2 1 2 1 42 2 1 55 2
1
7 11
10 15. 10 12 60 60
1 60 2 1 60 2
42 55
1 60 2 60
2-2 Adding and Subtracting 42 55
1 0 60 0 0 60 0 2
Rational Numbers 55 42
1 60 60 2
Page 76 Check for Understanding 55 42
1 3
1. Sample answer: 5 5
13
2. Sample answer: To subtract a real number, add 60
its opposite. 16. 134 (80) 134 (80)
6 6
3. Gabriella; subtracting 9 is the same as adding 9. 134 80
4. 15 (12) ( 015 0 012 0 ) 214
(15 12) The difference is 214.
27
5. 24 (45) ( 024 0 045 0 )
(24 45) Pages 76–78 Practice and Apply
69 17. 8 13 ( 013 0 08 0 )
6. 38.7 (52.6) ( 052.6 0 038.7 0 ) (13 8)
(52.6 38.7) 5
13.9 18. 11 19 ( 019 0 011 0 )
7. 4.62 (12.81) ( 04.62 0 012.81 0 ) (19 11)
(4.62 12.81) 8
17.43 19. 41 (63) ( 063 0 041 0 )
8.
4
1 12
2 14 14
8
1 72 (63 41)
1 0 14 0 0 14 0 2
7
22
20. 80 (102) ( 0102 0 080 0 )
8 7
1 14 14 2
8 7 (102 80)
22
14
1
21. 77 (46) ( 077 0 046 0 )
5 8 25 32 (77 46)
9. 12 15 60 60
1 0 3260 0 0 2560 0 2
123
22. 92 (64) ( 092 0 064 0 )
1 60 60 2
32 25
(92 64)
156
60
7 23. 1.6 (3.8) ( 01.6 0 03.8 0 )
(1.6 3.8)
10. 18 23 18 (23)
5.4
( 023 0 018 0 )
(23 18) 24. 32.4 (4.5) ( 032.4 0 04.5 0 )
5 (32.4 4.5)
36.9
11. 12.7 (18.4) 12.7 (18.4)
12.7 18.4 25. 38.9 24.2 ( 038.9 0 024.2 0 )
31.1 (38.9 24.2)
14.7
12. (3.86) 1.75 (3.86) (1.75)
( 03.86 0 01.75 0 ) 26. 7.007 4.8 ( 07.007 0 04.8 0 )
(3.86 1.75) (7.007 4.8)
5.61 2.207
13. 32.25 (42.5) 32.25 (42.5) 27. 43.2 (57.9) ( 057.9 0 043.2 0 )
32.25 42.5 (57.9 43.2)
( 042.5 0 032.25 0 ) 14.7
(42.5 32.25)
10.25
Chapter 2 36
28. 38.7 (61.1) ( 061.1 0 038.7 0 ) 37. To find the total score, find the sum of her scores.
(61.1 38.7) 100 200 500 (300) 400 (500)
22.4 300 500 (300) 400 (500)
29.
6 2
3 21 21
18 14 800 (300) 400 (500)
( 0800 0 0300 0 ) 400 (500)
7
32 11
21 or 1 21 (800 300) 400 (500)
30.
3 6
17 306 306
51 108 500 400 (500)
18
900 (500)
( 0900 0 0500 0)
159
306
102
53 (900 500)
400
4 3 20 33
31. 11 5 55 55
1 0 3355 0 0 2055 0 2
Her total score was 400 points.
38. First find the net yards gained by finding the sum
1 55 55 2
of 6, 8, and 3.
6 (8) 3 ( 08 0 06 0 ) 3
33 20
55
13 (8 6) 3
2 3
( 03 0 02 0)
2 17 8 17
32. 5 20 20 20
1 0 1720 0 0 208 0 2 (3 2)
1
1 20 20 2
17 8
Over the three plays, they gained 1 yard from
9 their 20-yard line. Therefore, they were on the
20
1 2 1 135 2
21-yard line.
4 9 64
33. 15 16 240 240 39. 19 8 19 (8)
( 019 0 08 0 )
1 0 240 0 0 240 0 2
64 135
(19 8)
1 240 240 2
64 135 27
40. 16 (23) 16 (23)
199
240 16 23
1 2 1 26 2
16 13 16 39
34. 40 20 40 40
41. 9 (24) 9 (24)
1 0 40 0 0 40 0 2 9 24
16 26
1 40 40 2
33
16 26
42. 12 34 12 (34)
40
42 ( 034 0 012 0 )
(34 12)
21 1
20 or 1 20 22
1
35. 4 8 1 2 1 1
2 33
2
8 1 12 43. 22 41 22 (41)
( 041 0 022 0)
1 0 8 0 0 8 0 2
8
33 12 (41 22)
1 8 8 2
19
33 12
44. 9 (33) 9 (33)
21
9 33
8
( 033 0 09 0 )
5
28 (33 9)
36. 1 50
17
1 17
3 25 50
67
2 50 1 184
2 24
1 0 0 0 6750 0 2
45. 58 (42) 58 (42)
184
50 58 42
( 058 0 042 0)
1 50 50 2
184 67
(58 42)
117 16
50
17
46. 79.3 (14.1) 79.3 (14.1)
2 50 79.3 14.1
93.4
47. 1.34 (0.458) 1.34 (0.458)
1.34 0.458
1.798
48. 9.16 10.17 9.16 (10.17)
( 09.16 0 010.17 0 )
(9.16 10.17)
19.33
37 Chapter 2
49. 67.1 (38.2) 67.1 (38.2) 58. 2 (6) (4) (4)
67.1 38.2 ( 02 0 06 0 ) (4) (4)
105.3 (2 6) (4) (4)
50. 72.5 (81.3) 72.5 (81.3) 8 (4) (4)
72.5 81.3 ( 08 0 04 0 ) (4)
153.8 (8 4) (4)
1 2 1 4 12 (4)
( 012 0 04 0 )
51. 6 3 6 6
6 6 1 42
1 (12 4)
1 0 6 0 0 6 0 2
16
1 4
59. Under; yes; it is better than par 72.
16 6 2 60. Subtract to find the change in value.
1 4
5
week 8 week 1
6 value 123minus 123 value
123
1 4 5 8
52. 5 10 10 11,257.24 9791.09 1466.15.
1 2
2

5

8
10 The value changed by 1466.15.
1 0 0 0 105 0 2
10
8
61. From week 1 to week 2 the change was:
10
10,126.94 9791.09 335.85.
1 10 10 2
8 5 From week 2 to week 3 the change was:
3 10,579.85 10,126.94 452.91.
10
1 2 1 32
From week 3 to week 4 the change was:
7 3 14
53. 8 16 16 16 10,810.05 10,579.85 230.20.
16 1 16 2
14 3 From week 4 to week 5 the change was:
10,951.24 10,810.05 141.19.
14 3
16 16
1 0 14 0 0 163 0 2
16 10,821.31 10,951.24
1 16 16 2
10,821.31 (10,951.24)
( 010,951.24 0 010,821.31 0 )
14 3
11 (10,951.24 10,821.31)
16
1 32 1 92
129.93.
1 1
54. 12 4 12 12 From week 6 to week 7 the change was:
12 1 12 2
1 9 11,301.74 10,821.31 480.43.
1 9
12 12 11,257.24 11,301.74.
1 0 129 0 0 121 0 2 11,257.24 (11,301.74)
( 011,301.74 0 011,257.24 0 )
1 12 12 2
9 1
(11,301.74 11,257.24)
8 44.50.
12
Therefore, week 7 had the greatest change from
2
3 the previous week.
1
55. 2 4 6 3 4
1 9 19 62. Week 8 had the least change from the previous week.
1 2
3
27 76
63. Sometimes; the equation is false for positive values
12 12 of x, but true for all other values of x.
1 0 0 0 2712 0 2
76
12 64. Sample answer: If a team gains yards, move right on
1 12 12 2
the number line. If a team loses yards, move left on the
76 27
number line. Answers should include the following.
49 1 • Move right or left, depending on whether the
12 or 4 12
Giants gained or lost yards on each play.
3 31 53 81
56. 5 10 1 50 10 50 Where you end will tell you how many yards
265 81 the Giants lost or gained.
50
50
• Instead of using a number line, you can use the
92 17
25
or 325 rules for adding and subtracting rational
57. A score of 70, or 2 under par, is written as 2. numbers.
A score of 66, or 6 under par, is written as 6. 65. C; 57 87 57 (87)
A score of 68, or 4 under par, is written as 4. ( 057 0 087 0 )
During the four rounds, he shot 2, 6, 4, and 4. (57 87)
144
Chapter 2 38
66. B; 5 (8) 5 (8) 73. Replace a in 3a 5 7 with each value in the
58 replacement set A.
85
a 3a 5 7 True or False?
?
2 32 5 7 7S1
7 false
Page 78 Maintain Your Skills ?
3 33 5 7 7S4
7 false
67. 12.2 08 x 0 12.2 08 4.8 0 ?
12.2 03.2 0 4 34 5 7 7S7
7 false
12.2 3.2 ?
5 3 5 5 7 7 S 10 7 7 true ✓
15.4 ?
68. 0y 0 9.4 3 07.4 0 9.4 3 6 3 6 5 7 7 S 13 7 7 true ✓
7.4 9.4 3 The solution set for 3a 5 7 is {5, 6}.
16.8 3 1 1
74. Replace c in c 2 6 24 with each value in the
13.8 replacement set C.
69. 24.2 018.3 z 0 24.2 018.3 10 0
24.2 08.3 0 C c 12 214 True or False?
24.2 8.3 1 1 1 ? 1 3 1
15.9 4 4
2 6 24 S 4 6 24 true ✓
70. Sample answer: A category labeled “other” 1 1 1 ? 1 1
2 6 24 S 1 6 24 true ✓
representing 8% would have to be added so that 2 2
the data would sum to 100%. 3 3 1 ? 1 1 1
4 4
2 6 24 S 14 6 24 true ✓
71. Draw a circle with three sections. Make one section
67% of the circle and label it with the phrase ‘drink 1 ? 1 1 1
1 1 2 6 24 S 12 6 24 true ✓
it.’ Make another section 25% of the circle and label
it with the phrase ‘leave it.’ Make the third section 1 1 ? 1 3 1
114 14 2 6 24 S 14 6 24 true ✓
8% of the circle and label it with the word ‘other.’
Cereal Milk The solution set for c 2 6 24 is
1 1
514, 12, 34, 1, 114 6.
75. Less than implies subtract in reverse order, and
square implies raised to the second power. So the
Drink It expression can be written as q2 8.
67% 76. Less than implies subtract in reverse order, and
times implies multiply. So the expression can be
written as 2k 37.
1 1 1
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 5 3 5
Leave It 77. 2
3 23 78. 4
5 45 79. 4
6 46
25% 1 2 2
1 1 5
3 10 8
Other 1 4
3 4 3 7 7
8% 80. 4 5 1 5 81. 8 58 18 58 82. 9
12 9 12
1
1 3
72. Replace b in b 1.3 1.8 with each value in the
12 5
5 1
28
replacement set B. 2 3
25 5 1
b b 1.3 1.8 True or False? 93
?
0.3 0.3 1.3 1.8 S 1.6 1.8 false
?
0.4 0.4 1.3 1.8 S 1.7 1.8 false 2-3 Multiplying Rational Numbers
?
0.5 0.5 1.3 1.8 S 1.8 1.8 true ✓
?
0.6 0.6 1.3 1.8 S 1.9 1.8 true ✓ Page 81 Check for Understanding
? 1. ab will be negative if either one factor is negative,
0.7 0.7 1.3 1.8 S 2.0 1.8 true ✓ and the other is positive. Let a 2 and b 3:
The solution set for b 1.3 1.8 is {0.5, 0.6, 0.7}. 2(3) 6. Let a 2 and b 3: 2(3) 6.
2. Sample answer: calculating a $2.00 monthly
banking fee for the entire year: 12 ($2) $24
3. Since multiplication is repeated addition,
multiplying a negative number by another
negative number is the same as adding
repeatedly in the opposite, or positive, direction.
39 Chapter 2
3
4. (6)(3) 18 5. 5(8) 40 32. 5(5)(2) (3)(2)
6. (4.5)(2.3) 10.35 7. (8.7)(10.4) 90.48
1 21 2 1 21 2
6
5 2 10 4 7 28
8. 3
7 21 9. 9 15 135 33.
2
(11)(4) (2)(4)
11
10. 5s(6t) 5(6)st 8
30st 34. 6(2x) 14x 6(2)x 14x
11. 6x(7y) (15xy) 6(7)xy 15xy 12x 14x
42xy 15xy (12 14)x
(42 15)xy 26x
57xy
1 22
35. 5(4n) 25n 5(4)n25n
12. 6m 6 3 20n 25n
12 (20 25)n
3 45n
4
1 32
36. 5(2x x) 5(2 1)x
13. np 2 3 4
1 5(1)x
2 1 4 2
5x
1 15
37. 7(3d d ) 7(3 1)d
15 7 7(4)d
8 or 18
112 22123 22
28d
14. n2(m 2) 38. 2a(3c) (6y)(6r) 2(3)ac (6)(6)yr
12 2213 2
1 4 6ac (36)yr
6ac 36yr
1 4 21 3 2 6ac 36ry
1 4
4
39. 7m(3n) 3s(4t) 7(3)mn 3(4)st
12 21mn (12)st
3
1 21mn 12st
40. To find the change in price of 35 shares, multiply the
15. To find how much honey 675 honeybees make,
number of shares by the change in price of one share.
multiply the number of bees by the amount an
average bee makes. 35 (61.66 63.66) 35 (2)
1 675 70
675 12 12 The change in price of 35 shares was $70.
225
4 41. To find how much money you gained or lost,

1
56 4 multiply the number of shares by how much you
gained or lost on one share.
1
675 bees make 56 4 teaspoons of honey. 50 (61.69 64.38) 50 (2.69)
134.5
You lost $134.50 or $134.50.
Pages 81–83 Practice and Apply 42. 5c2 5(4.5)2 43. 2b2 2(3.9)2
16. 5(18) 90 17. 8(22) 176 5(20.25) 2(15.21)
18. 12(15) 180 19. 24(8) 192 101.25 30.42
20. 47(29) 1363 21. 81(48) 3888 44. 4ab 4(2.7)(3.9)
22. 145 2138 2 1240 23. 1125 2149 2 108
20 10.8 (3.9)
42.12
3 5
10 27 45. 5cd 5(4.5)(0.2)
24. 51 3 2156 2 1530 25. 5 1 2 2167 2 1235 22.5(0.2)
4.5
1
2 46. ad 8 (2.7)(0.2) 8
1 1
21
26. 35 72 5 2
1
2 1 16
21 15
2 0.54 8
7.46
240
10 47. ab 3 (2.7)(3.9) 3
24 10.53 3
27. 1 4
15 21 1
22 2 195 2 152 2 13.53
48. d (b 2a) (0.2)2 [3.9 2(2.7)]
2
45
10 (0.2)2 [3.9 (5.4)]
2
9 (0.2)2 [3.9 5.4]
(0.2)2 [9.3]
1
42 (0.04)[9.3]
28. 7.2(0.2) 1.44 29. 6.5(0.13) 0.845 0.372
30. (5.8) (2.3) 13.34 31. (0.075)(6.4) 0.48
Chapter 2 40
49. b2 (d 3c) (3.9)2 (0.2 3 4.5) 60.
4
1 32
4 20 20
16
1 15 2
1 0 20 0 0 20 0 2
5
(3.9)2 (0.2 13.5) 16 15
(3.9)2 (13.7)
1 20 20 2
(15.21)(13.7) 16 15
208.377
1
2
50. To find the length of the union, multiply 5 by the fly. 20
2 12 61. 42 (14) 42 (14)
6
5 5 42 14
2
25 56
2
The union is 2 5 feet long. 62. 14.2 6.7 14.2 (6.7)
( 014.2 0 06.7 0 )
51. To find the price after 7 months, subtract the
(14.2 6.7)
number of months times the drop in price per
20.9
month from the starting price.
63.
1450 7(34.95) 1450 244.65 4 32 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1205.35
64.
The price of a computer was $1205.35. 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
52. To find the degrees difference, multiply the 65.
number of 530-foot rises in altitude by the 1 2
1 3 0 3
1 2
temperature drop in one 530-foot rise.
64,997 129,994 66. Graph c; Before Brandon fills the balloon with
530
(2) 530 air, the balloon has no air in it. The amount of air
245 in the balloon increases as he fills it. The amount
The amount of degrees difference was about 245F. of air decreases after Brandon lets it go until the
balloon has a minimal amount of air left in it.
53. To find how many plastic bottles are used in one
Graph c shows this situation.
day, multiply the number of hours in a day by the
number of plastic bottles used every hour. 67. Sample answer:
?
24 2,500,000 60,000,000 x 5;
25 4 6
About 60 million plastic bottles are used in one day. 66✓
but 5
5
54. To find how many plastic bottles are used in one
week, multiply the number of hours in a week by 68. Sample answer:
a 4; 04 0 7 3
?
the number of plastic bottles used every hour.
168 2,500,000 420,000,000 4 7 3✓
but 4
3
About 420 million plastic bottles are used in one week. 1
5 5 1 2 2 1
55. Positive; the product of two negative numbers is 69. 8
2 82 70. 3
4 32
positive and the even number of negative factors 16
5
6
1
can be divided into groups of two.
3 4 2 5
56. Sample answer: Multiplying lets consumers 71. 5 4 5 3 72. 1 5 1 2
calculate quickly the total of several similar
20
2
5
3
items. Answers should include the following. 2 1
• Coupons are negative values because adding a 63 22
negative number is the same as subtracting a 4 2
1 3 1 8 7 5 7 6
positive number. 73. 2
8 23 74. 9
6 95
1 3
• Multiply 13.99 and 1.50 by three, then, add 4 14
3 15
the products.
1
57. B; 2x(4y) 2(4)xy 13
8xy 2 1
4 6 4 5 7 2 7 3
58. B; 2ab 2(4)(6) 75. 5
5 56 76. 8
3 82
1 3
(8)(6) 2 21
48 3 16
5
116

59. 6.5 (5.6) ( 06.5 0 05.6 0 )
(6.5 5.6)
12.1
41 Chapter 2
25 3 28 650a
Page 83 Practice Quiz 1 10. 4 11. 650a 10
1101 2
4 10
1. The dots indicate each point on the graph. The 7
coordinates are {4, 1, 1, 6}. 650a
2. 32 0x 8 0 32 015 8 0 65a
32 023 0 12.
6b 18
(6b 18) (2)
1 12
2
32 23
9 (6b 18) 2
3. 15 7 ( 015 0 07 0 ) 6b 1 2 2 18 1 2 2
1 1
(15 7)
8 3b (9)
3b 9
4. 27 (12) 27 (12)
2ab 2(3)(4.5) cb (7.5)(4.5)
27 12 13. ac
(3)(7.5)
14.
4a 4(3)
39 (6) (4.5) 33.75

5. 6.05 (2.1) ( 06.05 0 02.1 0 ) (22.5) 12
27 2.81
(6.05 2.1) 22.5
8.15
1 22 1 82
1.2
3 15
6. 4 5 20 20 15. b
a a 3
(4.5) 7.5
3
20 1 20 2
c
15 8 3 7.5
(4.5) 3
15 8 22.5
20 20 (13.5)
1 0 15 0 0 208 0 2
20 (1.67)
1 20 20 2
1.67
15 8
16. To find the number of visitors the site had in 1999,
7 divide the number of visitors in 2000 by eight.
20
419,000 8 52,375
7. 9(12) 108 8. (3.8)(4.1) 15.58
There were 52,375 visitors in 1999.
9. (8x)(2y) (3y)(z) (8)(2)xy (3)(1)yz
16xy (3)yz
16xy 3yz
10. mn 5 (2.5)(3.2) 5
17. 64 (8) 8 18. 78 (4) 19.5
8 5
( 08 0 05 0 ) 19. 78 (1.3) 60 20. 108 (0.9) 120
(8 5) 21. 42.3 (6) 7.05 22. 68.4 (12) 5.7
3 23. 23.94 10.5 2.28
24. 60.97 13.4 4.55
25. 32.25 (2.5) 12.9
2-4 Dividing Rational Numbers 26. 98.44 (4.6) 21.4
1 1 1 3 3 1
27. 3 4 3 4 28. 4 12 4 12
1 3
1. Sample answer: Dividing and multiplying 16
1
numbers with the same signs both result in a 3 5
positive answer while dividing or multiplying 29. 7 5 7 3
numbers with different signs results in a negative 35
3 or 11 3
2
answer. However, when you divide rational
2 7
numbers in fractional form, you must multiply by 30. 5 7 5 2
a reciprocal. 35 1
1 1 1 2 or 17 2
2. Sample answer: 2, since 1 2 and 2 7 2. 16 24 16 60 24 31 24 63
2 31. 36
60 36 24 32. 56 63 56 31
960 1512
3. To divide by a rational number, multiply by its 864 1736
reciprocal. 10 1 27
or 1 9 31
1 2 1 2
4. 96 (6) 16 5. 36 4 9 9
14 12 14 25
6. 64 5 12.8 7. 64.4 2.5 25.76 33. 32
25 32 12
2 2 1 2 4 2 5
8. 3 12 3 12 9. 3 5
34
350
384
2 10
36 12
175
192
1 5
18 6
Chapter 2 42
34.
80
25 1 22
3 25 2
80
1 32 45. To find the number of pillows, divide the total
amount of fabric by the amount of fabric needed
240
50 for each pillow.
24 4 1 3 9 7
5 or 4 5 42 14 2 4
1 52 1 32
9 4
35. 74 3 74 5 27
36

222 2
or 44 5 14
1 32 1 82
5
18

36. 156 8 156 3 7
4
1248 27
3
She can make 2 pillows.
416
81c 105g 46. To find the average change in revenue, divide the
37. 81c 9 38. 105g 5
12 115 2
9 5 change in revenue by the number of years.
1
81c 9
105g (2,764,000,000 2,800,000,000) 8
9c 21g 36,000,000 8 4,500,000
8r 24 The average change in revenue for each of the
39. (8r 24) (8)
1 12
8 8 years was $4,500,000.
(8r 24) 8 47.
mn

(8) (6.5)
48.
np

(6.5) (3.2)
8r 1 8 2 24 1 8 2
p (3.2) m 8
1 1 52 20.8
3.2
8
1r (3) 16.25 2.6
r 3 49. mq np (8) (5.4) (6.5) (3.2)
7h 35 43.2 20.8
40. (7h 35) (7)
1 12
7
2.08
(7h 35) 7
50. pq mn (3.2) (5.4) (8) (6.5)
7h 1 7 2 35 1 7 2 17.28 (52)
1 1
0.33
1h (5) n p 6.5 3.2 m p 8 3.2
h 5 51. m
8
52. q
5.4
9.7 4.8
41.
40a 50b
(40a 50b) 2 8
5.4
112 2
2
1.21 0.89
(40a 50b)
40a 1 2 2 50b 1 2 2
m 2n 8 2(6.5)
1 1
53. n q
6.5 (5.4)
8 13
6.5 5.4
20a 25b
21
42c 18d 11.9
42. (42c 18d) 3
113 2
3
1.76
(42c 18d)
42c 1 3 2 18d 1 3 2
p 3q 3.2 3(5.4)
54. q m
(5.4) (8)
1 1
3.2 (16.2)
(5.4) (8)
14c 6d
3.2 16.2
43.
8f (16g)
[8f (16g)] 8 5.4 8
118 2
8
19.4

[8f (16g)] 13.4
8f 1 8 2 (16g) 1 8 2
1.45
1 1
55. To find the average loss per month, divide the
1f (2g) total loss by the number of months.
f 2g 23,985 12 1998.75
5x (10y) The average loss per month was $1998.75.
44. [5x (10y)] 5
115 2
5
56. To find the fraction that is pure gold, divide the
[5x (10y)]
5x 1 5 2 (10y) 1 5 2
karat value by the karat value of pure gold.
1 1 10
10 24 24
1x (2y) 12
5
x 2y 5
Therefore, 10-karat gold is 12
pure gold, and
5 7
1 12 or 12 not gold.
43 Chapter 2
57. Build up the fraction so that the denominator is 70. Substitution Property; 1.2 3.8 5
24. The numerator will be the karat value of the 71. 8b 12(b 2) 8b 12(b) 12(2)
gold. 8b 12b 24
2 2.8
3
3.8 (8 12)b 24
16 20b 24
24
2
72. 6(5a 3b 2b) 6(5a) 6(3b) 6(2b)
Therefore, jewelry that is 3
gold is 16-karat gold. 30a 18b 12b
58. Since 4 is even, 4 is divisible by 2. Therefore, if a 30a (18 12)b
number is divisible by 4, then it is divisible by 2. 30a 6b
Note that 3 . 4 . 6 72 and 8 . 9 72. Therefore, 73. 3(x 2y) 2y 3(x) 3(2y) 2y
if a number is divisible by 72, then it is divisible 3x 6y 2y
by 3, 4, 6, 8, and 9. Since 8 and 9 have no 3x (6 2)y
common factor, no number smaller than their 3x 4y
product will be divisible by both 8 and 9. Now, 74. mean
40 34 40 28 38
note that 72 . 5 . 7 2520, so 2520 is divisible by 5
180
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. Since 72, 5, and 7 have 5
no common factor, no number smaller than their 36
product will be divisible by 72, 5, and 7. Thus,
There are five numbers in the set. When ordered
2520 is the least positive integer that is divisible
from least to greatest, the third number is 38.
by all whole numbers from 1 to 9.
So, the median is 38. The number 40 appears
59. Sample answer: You use division to find the mean twice, and the other numbers of the set appear
of a set of data. Answers should include the only once. So, the mode is 40.
following. 3 9 0 2 11 8 14 3
75. mean 8
• You could track the mean number of turtles
50
stranded each year and note if the value 8
increases or decreases. 6.25
• Weather or pollution could affect the turtles. There are eight numbers in the set. When ordered
60. D; 6.25 10 12 0.625 12 from least to greatest, the fourth number is 3 and
7.5 3 8 1
the fifth is 8. So, the median is 2 or 52 5.5.
17
61. E; 6x 1 6 3
1 The number 3 appears twice, and the other numbers
of the set appear only once. So, the mode is 3.
34 1
1.2 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.2 1.0 1.5
35 76. mean 7
10.3
7
1.47
There are seven numbers in the set. When
62. 4(11) 44 63. 2.5(1.2) 3
1 5
ordered from least to greatest, the fourth number
64. 4
(5) 4 65. 1.6(0.3) 0.48 is 1.5. So, the median is 1.5. The number 1.2

1
14 appears twice, and the other numbers of the set
appear only once. So, the mode is 1.2.
66. 8 (6) 8 (6) 79 84 81 84 75 73 80 78
86 77. mean 8
14
634
8
67. 15 21 15 (21) 79.25
( 021 0 015 0 )
There are eight numbers in the set. When ordered
(21 15)
from least to greatest, the fourth number is 79 and
6 79 80
the fifth is 80. So, the median is or 79.5. The
68. 7.5 4.8 7.5 (4.8) 2
( 07.5 0 04.8 0 )
number 84 appears twice, and the other numbers
of the set appear only once. So, the mode is 84.
(7.5 4.8)
12.3
5
1 12
69. 8 6 24 24
15
1 42
24 1 24 2
15 4
15 4
24 24
1 0 15 0 0 244 0 2
24
1 24 24 2
15 4
11
24
Chapter 2 44
Statistics: Displaying and 11. The greatest common place value is tens, so the
2-5 digits in the tens place are the stems.
Analyzing Data Stem Leaf
6 0149
1. They describe the data as a whole.
7 03578
2. Sample answer: 8 0035888
Line Plot: 9 0
10 0 2 5

11 0 5 0 4 54
12. Occurring three times, the most frequent value is 88.
1 2 3 4 5
13. The mode is not the best measure as it is higher
Line Graph:
than most of the values.

14. The lowest value is 35, and the highest value is
54, so use a scale that includes those values.
Place an above each value for each occurrence.

34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3. A set of data with one extremely high value would 15. The lowest value is 2.0, and the highest value is
be better represented by the median, not by the 2.5, so use a scale that includes those values.
mean. Sample answer: 13, 14, 14, 28 Place an above each value for each occurrence.

4. The lowest value is 10, and the highest value is

22, so use a scale that includes those values.
Place an above each value for each occurrence. 2 1 0 1 2 3
16. The lowest value is 1, and the highest value is 8,
so use a scale that includes those values. Place an

above each value for each occurrence.

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24


1 3 5 7 9
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
17. 23 of the 44 teams were not number 1 seeds.
6. Occurring four times, the most frequent value is 0.
18. 29 of the 44 teams were seeded higher than third.
7. The mean, 6.75, and the median, 6.5, both represent
19. Sample answer: Median; most of the data are near 2.
the data accurately as they are fairly central.
20. The greatest common place value is ones, so the
8. The greatest common place value is tens, so the
digits in the ones place are the stems.
digits in the tens place are the stems.
Stem Leaf
Stem Leaf
5 89
6 46888
6 03569
5 08 5.8
7 1236
7 01123
8 01688
9 3 6 0 4 64 21. The greatest common place value is tens, so the
9. The greatest value is 12.9, and the least value is
9.3. Therefore, the difference is 12.9 9.3 or 3.6. Stem Leaf
10. Median; most of the data clusters higher, near the 1 88
median, 11.8. 2 2366689
3 011234
4 7 1 08 18
45 Chapter 2
22. The greatest common place value is hundreds, but 38. Sample answer: 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 18
the hundreds digit in every number is a one. Thus 4 4 4 5 5 5 7 8 8 8 8 18
mean 12
we use the digits in the tens place as the stems.
84
Stem Leaf 12
10 0 0 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 9 7
11 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 There are twelve numbers in the set. When
67778888889 ordered from least to greatest, the sixth number
5 7
12 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 5 8 is 5 and the seventh is 7. So, the median is 2
13 4 10 00 100 or 6. The number 8 appears four times, and the
23. Occuring six times, the most frequent temperature other numbers of the set appear three times or
is 118. less. So, the mode is 8.
24. No; the mode is higher than most of the data. 39. High school: $33,184 $23,061 $10,123; some
25. See students’ work. college: $39,221 $27,757 $11,464; Bachelor’s
degree: $60,201 $41,747 $18,454; Doctoral
26. Occuring three times, the most frequent
degree: $81,687 $60,079 $21,608
magnitude was 7.5.
40. Sample answer: The highest median salaries are
27. Mean or median; both are centrally located and
earned by people whose highest level of education
the mode is too high.
is a bachelor’s degree.
41. Sample answer: because the range in salaries is
often very great with extreme values on both the
high end and low end

42. Sample answer: They can be used in marketing or
sales to sell the most products to a specific group.
8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
Answers should include the following.
29. 7 of the 10 countries won fewer than 25 gold medals.
• a line plot showing the number of males with
30. When ordered from least to greatest, the fifth the names from the beginning of the lesson
value is 13 and the sixth is 14. So, the median is
13 14 • By finding out the most popular names, you can
or 13.5.
2 use the popular names on more of your items.
31. Sample answer: Yes; most of the data are near the
43. C;
median. 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.9 7.9 7.9 8.3 9.1 11
32. The greatest common place value is tens, so the mean 10
digits in the tens place are the stems. 82.1
10
Stem Leaf 8.21
1 688999 44. C; 7 of the 10 wingspans are less than 8 inches.
2 00000112334568889
9999
3 00001334467
4 37 1 06 16 Page 94 Maintain Your Skills
45. 56 (14) 4 46. 72 (12) 6
33. 22 of the 40 vehicles get more than 25 miles per
gallon. 47. 40.5 3 13.5 48. 102 6.8 15
34. Sample answer: Mean; the median is too high, 49. 2(6x) 5x 2(6)x 5x
and the modes are either too high or too low. 12x 5x
(12 5)x
35. The greatest common place value is tens, so the
17x
50. 3x(7y) 4x(5y) 3(7)xy 4(5)xy
Stem Leaf
21xy 20xy
3 047 (21 20)xy
4 41xy
5 29
51. 5(3t 2t) 2(4t) 5(3t) 5(2t) 2(4t)
6 27
5(3)t 5(2)t 2(4)t
7 7
8 4 5 3 00 30
15t 10t 8t
(15 10 8)t
36. The interval that corresponds to the stem value 3 3t
has the most values. The interval is from 30 to 39.
52. x dollars
37. Every number in the set appears only once. So, d dollars plus per week for 12 weeks
there is no mode. 14243 123 14243 123 123
d x 12
or d 12x
53. y 3x 16 3.5 54. xz 3 5.9 3
16 15 45 3
1 15
Chapter 2 46
55. 2x x (y 4) 2 5 5 (16 4) 4. There are four 5s and 52 total cards.
2554 4
P(5) 52
10 5 4 1
54 13
9 1
The probability of selecting a 5 is 13 or about 8%.
2 2
x z 5 9 12 12 6
56. 2y
2 16
57. 18
18 6 5. There are two red 10s and 52 total cards.
25 9 2
2 16 3
2 P(red 10) 52
1
16
2 16 26
1
16
32 The probability of selecting a red 10 is 26 or
about 4%.
1
2 6. There are 16 odd numbered cards and 52 total cards.
54 54 6 21 21 3 16
58. 60
60 6 59. 30
30 3 P(odd number) 52
9 7 4
10 10 13
42 42 6 32 32 32
60. 48
48 6 61. 64
64 32 The probability of selecting an odd numbered card
4
7 1 is 13 or about 31%.
8 2
7. There is 1 way to pick the queen of hearts and
28 28 4 16 16 4
62. 52
52 4 63. 36
36 4 1 way to pick the jack of diamonds. So there are
7 4 1 1 or 2 ways to pick the queen of hearts or
13 9 jack of diamonds
84 84 6
64. 90
90 6 P(queen of hearts or jack of diamonds) 52
2
14
15 1
26
The probability of selecting the queen of hearts or
1
jack of diamonds is 26 or about 4%.
Page 95 Reading Mathematics 8. There are three numbers on the spinner that are
1. Sample answer: The data show the acreage and multiples of 3, and there are 10 – 3 or 7 numbers
number of visitors in thousands for selected state that are not multiples of 3.
parks and recreation areas in 1999. 3
odds of a multiple of 3 7
2. Sample answer: The footnote indicates that the
number of visitors includes those staying overnight. The odds of getting a multiple of 3 on the spinner
are 3:7.
3. The data is for 1999.
9. There are three even numbers less than 8 on the
4. The unit indicator is thousands.
spinner, and there are 10 3 or 7 numbers that
5. The table has the value 1016 in the row labeled are not even or not less than 8.
New York and the column labeled Acreage. 3
Therefore, New York has 1,016,000 acres. odds of an even number less than 8 7
6. The largest number in the column labeled Visitors The odds of getting an even number less than 8
is 76,736, which is in the row labeled California. on the spinner are 3:7.
Therefore, California had the greatest number of 10. There are seven numbers on the spinner that are
visitors with 76,736,000 visitors. odd or blue, and there are 10 7 or 3 numbers
that are even and not blue.
7
odds of an odd number or blue 3
2-6 Probability: Simple The odds of getting an odd number or blue on the
Probability and Odds spinner are 7:3.
11. There are six numbers on the spinner that are
Page 98 Check for Understanding red or yellow, and there are 10 6 or 4 numbers
1. Sample answers: impossible event: rolling a that are blue.
number greater than 6; certain event: rolling a odds of red or yellow 4
6
number from 1 to 6; equally likely event: rolling
an even number. The odds of getting a red or yellow number on the
3 spinner are 6:4.
2. The probability is 5 which means there are
3 favorable outcomes for every 5 3 or
2 unfavorable outcomes. Thus the odds are 3:2.
3. Doug; Mark determined the odds in favor of
picking a red card.
47 Chapter 2
12. The factors of 48 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 18. There are 70 100 80 or 250 coins with value
and 48, of which 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, and 48 are less than $1.00 and 300 total coins.
multiples of 4. There are 4 factors that are not a 250
P(value less than $1.00) 300
multiple of 4 and 10 total factors.
5
P(not a multiple of 4) 10
4 6
2 0.83
5
The probability of selecting a coin with value less
The probability of selecting a factor that is not a than $1.00 is 65 or about 83%.
2
multiple of 4 is 5 or 40%.
19. There are 80 50 or 130 coins with value greater
13. The factors of 48 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, than $0.10 and 300 total coins.
and 48, of which 12, 24, and 48 have both 4 and 6 130
as factors. There are 3 factors of 48 that have P(value greater than $0.10) 300
4 and 6 as two of their factors and 10 total factors 13
30
of 48.
3
0.43
P(has 4 and 6 as factors) 10 or 0.3
The probability selecting a coin with value greater
13
The probability of selecting a factor that has 4 than $0.10 is 30 or about 43%.
3
and 6 as two of its factors is 10 or 30%. 20. There are 80 50 or 130 coins with value at least
$0.25 and 300 total coins.
130
P(value at least $0.25) 300
14. There are 80 quarters and 300 total coins. 30
P(quarter) 300
80 0.43
4 The probability of selecting a coin with value at
15 least $0.25 is 13
30
or about 43%.
0.27 21. There are 70 100 80 50 or 300 coins with
4
The probability of selecting a quarter is 15 or value at most $1.00 and 300 total coins.
about 27%. 300
P(value at most $1.00) 300
15. There are 100 dimes and 300 total coins.
100
1
P(dime) 300
The probability of selecting a coin with value at
1
3 most $1.00 is 1 or 100%.
0.33 22. There are 15 ways for the sum of two dice to be
1 less than 7 and 36 total outcomes.
The probability of selecting a dime is 3 or about 33%. 15
P(sum less than 7) 36
16. There are 70 ways to pick a nickel and 50 ways to
5
pick a dollar. So there are 70 50 or 120 ways to 12
pick a nickel or a dollar and 300 total coins.
0.42
120
P(nickel or dollar) 300 5
The probability of the sum being less than 7 is 12
5
2 or about 42%.
23. There are 21 ways for the sum of two dice to be
0.40
less than 8 and 36 total outcomes.
The probability of selecting a nickel or a dollar is 21
2
or 40%. P(sum less than 8) 36
5
7
17. There are 80 ways to pick a quarter and 70 ways 12
to pick a nickel. So there are 80 70 or 150 ways
0.58
to pick a quarter or a nickel and 300 total coins. 7
150
The probability of the sum being less than 8 is 12
P(quarter or nickel) 300 or about 58%.
1
2 or 0.5 24. There are 0 ways for the sum of two dice to be
greater than 12 and 36 total outcomes.
The probability of selecting a quarter or a nickel
0
1
is 2 or 50%. P(sum is greater than 12) 36
0
The probability of the sum being greater than 12
is 0 or 0%.
Chapter 2 48
25. There are 36 ways for the sum of two dice to be 33. There are 3 polygons that have more than one
greater than 1 and 36 total outcomes. right angle and 6 total polygons.
36 3
P(sum is greater than 1) 36 P(more than one right angle) 6
1 1
2 or 0.5
The probability of the sum being greater than 1 is The probability of selecting a polygon that has
1 or 100%. more than one right angle is 1 or 50%.
2
26. There are 20 ways for the sum of two dice to be 34. There is one day in April that is the 29th and 30
between 5 and 10 and 36 total outcomes. total days in April. The probability that the
20 1
P(sum is between 5 and 10) 36 person’s birthday is the 29th is 30 or about 3%.
9
5 35. There are 15 days in July after the 16th and 31
total days in July. The probability that the
0.56 15
person’s birthday is after the 16th is 31 or
The probability of the sum being between 5 and about 48%.
5
10 is 9 or about 56%. 36. There are three as in the name, and there are
27. There are 25 ways for the sum of two dice to be 24 3 or 21 letters that are not an a.
between 2 and 9 and 36 total outcomes. odds of an a 21
3
25
P(sum is between 2 and 9) 1
36 7
0.69
The odds of selecting an a from the name are 1:7.
The probability of the sum being between 2 and 9
25 37. There are four ts in the name and there are
is 36 or about 69%.
24 4 or 20 letters that are not a t.
28. There are 3 triangles and 6 total polygons. 4 1
3 odds of a t 20 or
P(triangle) 6 5
1
The odds of selecting a t from the name are 1:5.
2 or 0.5 38. There are eleven vowels in the name and there
1
The probability of selecting a triangle is 2 or 50%. are 24 11 or 13 consonants.
11
29. There is 1 pentagon and 6 total polygons. odds of a vowel 13
1
P(pentagon) 6 The odds of selecting a vowel from the name are
0.17 11:13.
1
The probability of selecting a pentagon is 6 or 39. There are thirteen consonants in the name and
about 17%. there are 24 13 or 11 vowels.
13
30. There are 3 polygons that are not triangles and 6 odds of a consonant 11
total polygons. The odds of selecting a consonant from the name
3
P(not a triangle) 6 are 13:11.
1 40. There are four uppercase letters in the name and
2 or 0.5
there are 24 4 or 20 lowercase letters.
The probability of selecting a polygon that is not a 4 1
1 odds of an uppercase letter 20 or 5
triangle is 2 or 50%.
31. There are 4 polygons that are not quadrilaterals The odds of selecting an uppercase letter from the
and 6 total polygons. name are 1:5.
4 41. There are nine lowercase vowels in the name and
P(not a quadrilateral) 6
there are 24 9 or 15 letters that are not
2
3 lowercase vowels.
9 3
0.67 odds of a lowercase vowel 15 or 5
The probability of selecting a polygon that is not a The odds of selecting a lowercase vowel from the
2
quadrilateral is 3 or about 67%. name are 3:5.
32. There are 3 polygons that have more than three 42. There are five stamps from Canada and there are
sides and 6 total polygons. 32 5 or 27 stamps that are not from Canada.
3
P(more than three sides) 6 odds of being from Canada 27
5
1
2 or 0.5 The odds the stamp is from Canada are 5:27.
The probability of selecting a polygon that has 43. There are twelve stamps from Mexico and there
1
more than three sides is 2 or 50%. are 32 12 or 20 stamps that are not from Mexico.
12 3
odds of being from Mexico 20 or 5
The odds the stamp is from Mexico are 3:5.
49 Chapter 2
44. There are 32 3 or 29 stamps not from France 52. 100 40 25(100 2 25)
and there are 3 stamps from France. 100 40 25(100 50)
29 100 40 25(50)
odds of not being from France 3 4000 1250
The odds the stamp is not from France are 29:3. 5250
45. There are 3 8 1 3 or 15 stamps not from a 2 252 100 35 2 625 100 35
North American country and there are 32 – 15 or 1250 3500
17 stamps from a North American Country. 4750
odds of not being from a North American The area of the region not shaded is 5250 cm2,
15
country 17 and the area of the shaded region is 4750 cm2.
5250
The odds the stamp is not from a North American odds against shaded region 4750
country are 15:17. 21
19
46. There are 3 1 or 4 stamps from Germany or
Russia and there are 32 4 or 28 stamps not The odds against placing a piece on a shaded
from Germany or Russia. region are 21:19.
4 1
odds of being from Germany or Russia 28 or 7 53. 100 35 3500
100(40 25) 100 65
The odds the stamp is from Germany or Russia 6500
are 1:7.
The area of the green rectangle is 3500 cm2, and
47. There are 5 8 or 13 stamps from Canada or the area outside the green rectangle is 6500 cm2.
Great Britain and there are 32 13 or 19 stamps 3500
not from Canada or Great Britain. odds of green rectangle 6500
13 7
odds of being from Canada or Great Britain 19 13
The odds the stamp is from Canada or Great The odds of a piece being placed within the green
Britain are 13:19. rectangle are 7:13.
3
48. The probability that it will occur is 7, so the 54. There are 24 players who hit more than 35 home
runs and 46 total players.
probability that it will not occur is 74.
24
3 4 P(more than 35) 46
odds it occurs 7 : 7 or 3:4
12
The odds that the event will occur are 3:4. 23
49. The probability that it will occur is 3, so the

2 0.52
1 The probability of selecting a player who hit more
probability that it will not occur is 3. 12
than 35 home runs is 23 or about 52%.
1 2
odds against it occuring 3 : 3 or 1:2. 55. There are forty-two players who hit less than
The odds that the event will not occur are 1:2. 45 home runs and there are 46 42 or 4 players
50. There are four cards from the coworkers in the who hit 45 or more.
42
bowl and there are 80 4 or 76 cards not from odds of less than 45 4
the coworkers. 21
4
2
odds a coworker wins 76
The odds of selecting a player who hit less than
1
19 45 home runs are 21:2.
The odds one of the coworkers will win are 1:19. 56. The number of home runs is 38 and the total
51. 2 252 100 35 2 625 100 35 number of bats is 439.
38
1250 3500 P(home run) 439
4750 0.09
100(35 40 25) 100(100)
The probability the player hits a home run the
10,000 38
next time the player bats is 439 or about 9%.
The area of the shaded region is 4750 cm2, and
57. There is one winning game card and 1,000,000
the total area is 10,000 cm2.
4750
nonwinning game cards, so there is one winning
P(shaded region) 10,000 card and a total of 1,000,001 cards.
19 1
40 or 0.475 P(grand prize) 1,000,001
The probability the piece is placed on a shaded 0.000001
19
region is 40 or 47.5%. The probability of selecting the winning game
1
card is 1,000,001 or about 0.0001%.
58. No; even with 100 game cards the odds of winning
are only 100:999,901. It would require several
hundred thousand cards to significantly increase
the odds of winning.
Chapter 2 50
59. There are 6 ways for a head to appear on at least 68. 12.2 7.8 ( 012.2 0 07.8 0 )
one of them and 7 total possible outcomes. (12.2 7.8)
4.4
1 32 1 32
6
P(at least one head) 7
1 2
0.86 69. 4 8 8 8
1 0 8 0 0 8 0 2
6
The probability of at least one head is 7 or 2 3
18 8 2
about 86%.
2 3
60. Sample answer: Probabilities are often used for
strategy like placing a certain pitcher against a 5
8
1 52 1 2
batter who has a low probability of hitting a pitch
7 7 10
from that pitcher. Answers should include the 70. 6 12 12
1 0 10 0 0 127 0 2
12
following.
• baseball: using the probability that a team can 12
1 12 12 2
get base runners out; basketball: the 10 7
probability that a player can make a basket
3
from a certain place on the court; auto racing: 12
the probability that a set of tires will hold out 1
4
for the remainder of a race
• Odds in favor of an event and odds against an 71. 4.25 is four and twenty-five hundredths units
event are frequently used. from zero in the positive direction.
13
61. B; The probability the event will not occur is 25. 04.25 0 4.25
13 12 72. 8.4 is eight and four tenths units from zero in
odds against occurring 25 : 25
the negative direction.
13:12 08.4 0 8.4
62. D; There are 12 numbers that satisfy the 2
73. 3 is two-thirds unit from zero in the negative
inequality and 15 total numbers.
0 23 0 23
12
direction.
P(satisfy inequality) 15
4
5
or 80% 1
74. 6
is one-sixth unit from zero in the positive
0 16 0 16
direction.

63. The greatest common place value is tens, so the 75. 62 6 6 76. 172 17 17
digits in the tens place are the stems. 36 289
Stem Leaf 77. (8)2 (8)(8) 78. (11.5)2 (11.5)(11.5)
64 132.25
1125 22 125 125
5 8.3
6 4.3 5.1 5.5 6.7 7.0 8.7 9.3 79. 1.62 1.6 1.6 80.
7 0.0 2.8 3.2 5.8 7.4 7.4 2.56
5 0 8.3 58.3
25
144
64. b c 5 2
2 1
65. 2a b 2 3 5 1 12 2
1 2
81. 49 2 49 49 1 21 2 82. 16
15 1 2
2 16 16
15 15 1 21 2
2 2 2 2 16 256 31
5
1 3 5 81
225
or 1225
4 2 5
5
3 2
10
6
Page 101 Practice Quiz 2
1 32 1 82
5 2
3 or 13 1. 136 (8) 17 2. 15 8 15 3
1 2
ab
3 5 3
120
66.
c 1 40
2
3a 9
3. (46.8) 4 11.7 4. (3a 9) 3
113 2
1 2 1
3 5 2 3
(3a 9)
3a 1 3 2 9 1 3 2
2 1
15 2
1 1
2 2
15 1
4 1a 3
15 a3
67. 4.3 (8.2) ( 08.2 0 04.3 0 )
(8.2 4.3)
3.9
51 Chapter 2
4x 32 2. 3 boys, 2 boys, 1 boy,
5. (4x 32) 4
114 2
4
4 boys 1 girl 2 girls 3 girls 4 girls
(4x 32) BBBB BBBG BBGG BGGG GGGG
4x 1 4 2 32 1 4 2
1 1 BBGB BGBG GBGG
BGBB BGGB GGBG
1x 8 GBBB GBBG GGGB
x8 GBGB
15n 20 GGBB
6. (15n 20) (5)
1 12
5
(15n 20) 5 3. There are 2 possibilities for a one-child family,
15n 1 5 2 20 1 5 2
4 possibilities for a two-child family, 8 possibilities
1 1
for a three-child family, and 16 possibilities for a
four-child family. Following the pattern, there
3n (4)
should be 32 possibilities for a five-child family
3n 4
and 64 possibilities for a six-child family. The
7. The lowest value is 0.4, and the highest value is pattern represents powers of 2.
5.0, so use a scale that includes those values.
4. There are 3 ways to have 2 boys and 1 girl and
Sample answer: scale from 0 to 5 Place an 8 total outcomes. Therefore, the probability of
above each value for each occurrence. having 2 boys and 1 girl in a three-child family is
3

8
or 37.5%.

5. There are 6 ways to have 2 boys and 2 girls and
0 1 2 3 4 5 16 total outcomes. Therefore, the probability of
8. There are 3 ways for the sum of two dice to be 10 having 2 boys and 2 girls in a four-child family is
6 3
and 36 total outcomes. 16
8 or 37.5%.
3 6. Sample answer: Each number in each row shows
P(sum of 10) 36
1
the number of ways to have boys and girls for a
12 given number of children.
0.08 7. The fifth row labeled Row 4 represents a four-
1 child family. The second number from the right is
The probability of the sum being 10 is 12 or
about 8%. 4 and represents how many ways to have 3 girls
9. There are 26 ways for the sum of two dice to be and 1 boy. There are 1 4 6 4 1 or 16 total
greater than or equal to 6 and 36 total outcomes. outcomes. Therefore, the probability of having
26
1 boy in a four-child family is 4 1 or 25%.
P(sum 6) 36 16 4
13
18
0.72 2-7 Square Roots and Real Numbers
The probability of the sum being greater than or
equal to 6 is 13
18
or about 72%.
10. There are 30 ways for the sum of two dice to be Page 107 Check for Understanding
less than 10 and 36 total outcomes. 1. Sometimes; the square root of a number can be
30 negative, such as 4 and 4, which are both
P(sum 10) 36 square roots of 16.
5
6 2. Rational numbers are numbers that, when
0.83 written as decimals, terminate or repeat.
5 Irrational numbers do not terminate nor do they
The probability of the sum being less than 10 is 6 repeat. Sample answer:
or about 83%.
Rational numbers: 0.5, 0.125, 0.3;
Irrational numbers: 22, 23,
Page 102 Algebra Activity 3. There is no real number that can be multiplied by
itself to result in a negative product.
(Follow-Up of Lesson 2–6)
1. There are 2 more possibilities for 2 boys, 1 girl 4. 225 represents the negative square root of 25.
and 2 more possibilities for 1 boy, 2 girls. 25 52 S 225 5
2 boys, 1 boy, 5. 21.44 represents the positive square root of 1.44.
3 boys 1 girl 2 girls 3 girls
1.44 1.22 S 21.44 1.2
BBB BBG BGG GGG
BGB GBG
GBB GGB
Chapter 2 52
16 18. Write each number as a decimal.
6. ; 3 49 represents the positive and negative square
roots of
16
. 230 5.477225575 . . . or about 5.48
147 22 and 1649 147 22

49 4
16 59 5.444444444 . . . or about 5.44
49

13 13.0
16 4
;3 49
; 7
1
0.1825741858 . . . or about 0.18
230
7. 232 represents the positive square root of 32. 0.18 6 5.44 6 5.48 6 13.0
32 5.662 S 232 5.66 The numbers arranged in order from least to
1 4
8. Because 264 8, this number is an integer greatest are 30, 59, 230, 13.
2
and a rational number. 1
19. C; Replace a in 2a 6 with 2.
2a
9. Because 8 and 3 are integers and 8 3 2.66666 . . . ? 1
is a repeating decimal, this number is a rational 22 6
22
number. 1.41 6 0.71
10. Because 228 5.29150262 . . . , which is not a
repeating or terminating decimal, this number is
irrational. Pages 107–109 Practice and Apply
56
11. Because 7 8, this number is a natural number, 20. 249 represents the positive square root of 49.
a whole number, an integer, and a rational number.
49 72 S 249 7
12.
6 5 4 3 2 21. 281 represents the positive square root of 81.
The heavy arrow indicates that all numbers to the 81 92 S 281 9
left of 3.5 are included in the graph. The circle at
3.5 indicates 3.5 is not included in the graph. 22. 25.29 represents the positive square root of 5.29.
13. 5.29 2.32 S 25.29 2.3
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1
23. 26.25 represents the positive square root of 6.25.
The heavy arrow indicates that all points to the
6.25 2.52 S 26.25 2.5
right of 7 are included in the graph. The dot at
7 indicates that 7 is included in the graph. 24. 278 represents the negative square root of 78.
14. You can use a calculator to find an approximation
1
78 8.832 S 278 8.83
for 3.
1
25. 294 represents the negative square root of 94.
0.333333 . . .
3
94 9.702 S 294 9.70
1
Therefore, 0.3 6 3
. 36
15. You can use a calculator to find an approximation 36
2 roots of .
169 22 and 8136 169 22

for 9. 81
36
2
0.222222 . . . 81

9
0.2 0.222222 . . . 36 6
; 3 81 ; 9
2
Therefore, 0.2. 2
9 ;3
16. You can use a calculator to find approximations
1
for 6 and 26. 100
27. ; 3 196 represents the positive and negative
1 100
0.166666 . . . square roots of .
11014 22 and 11014 22

6 196
26 2.449489743 . . . 100

100

196 196
1
Therefore, 6
6 26.
100 10
; 3 196 ; 14
17. Write each number as a decimal.
5
1
0.125 ;7
8
1 9 9
3 8
0.3535533906 . . . or about 0.35 28. 3 14 represents the positive square root of 14.
0.15 0.15151515 . . . or about 0.15 9 9
0.802 S 3 14 0.80
14
15 15.0
25 25
15.0 6 0.125 6 0.15 6 0.35 29. 3 42 represents the positive square root of 42.
The numbers arranged in order from least to 25 25
0.772 S 3 42 0.77
1 1 42
greatest are 15, 8, 0.15, 3 8.
53 Chapter 2
30. ; 2820 represents the positive and negative 49. Because 3.141592654 . . . , which is not a
square roots of 820. repeating or terminating decimal, this number is
820 28.642 and 820 (28.64)2 irrational.
d
; 2820 ; 28.64 50. Replace d in 3 16 with 28.
31. ; 2513 represents the positive and negative 28
square roots of 513. 3 16 1.32
The ball would take 1.32 s to reach the ground.
513 22.652 and 513 (22.65)2 3
51. Replace d in 224d with 434.
; 2513 ; 22.65
3 24 1 43 4 2 21050 32.40
3
32. Because 222 4.69041576 . . . , which is not
a repeating or terminating decimal, this number
Jerome should not get a ticket. He was traveling
is irrational.
36
at about 32.4 mph.
33. Because 6 6, this number is a natural number, 52.
a whole number, an integer, and a rational number. 14 13121110 9 8 7 6
34. Because 1 and 3 are integers and 1 3 The heavy arrow indicates that all numbers to
0.333333 . . . is a repeating decimal, this number the right of 12 are included in the graph. The
is a rational number. circle at 12 indicates that 12 is not included in
35. Because 5 and 12 are integers and (5 12) the graph.
0.416666 . . . is a repeating decimal, this 53.
number is a rational number. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
82
36. Because 3 2.024845673 . . . , which is not a
20
The heavy arrow indicates that all points to the
repeating or terminating decimal, this number is left of 8 are included in the graph. The dot at
irrational. 8 indicates that 8 is included in the graph.
37. Because 246 6.782329983 . . . , which is 54.
10 9
not a repeating or terminating decimal, this
number is irrational. The heavy arrow indicates that all points to the
38. Because 210.24 3.2, which is a terminating right of 10.2 are included in the graph. The dot
decimal, this number is a rational number. at 10.2 indicates that 10.2 is included in the
graph.
39. Because 54 and 19 are integers and 54 19
55.
2.8421052631579 is a terminating decimal, this 2 1 0
number is a rational number.
The heavy arrow indicates that all numbers to
40. Because 3 and 4 are integers and (3 4) the left of 0.25 are included in the graph. The
0.75 is a terminating decimal, this number is a circle at 0.25 indicates 0.25 is not included in
rational number. the graph.
41. Because 220.25 4.5, which is a terminating 56.
decimal, this number is a rational number. 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
18
42. Because 3 6, this number is a natural number, The heavy arrows indicate that all numbers to
a whole number, an integer, and a rational the right and left of 2 are included in the graph.
number. The circle at 2 indicates that 2 is not included
43. Because 22.4025 1.55, which is a terminating in the graph.
decimal, this number is a rational number. 57.
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8
44. Because 68 and 35 are integers and 68 35
1.9428571428571 is a terminating decimal, this The heavy line and arrows indicate that all numbers
number is a rational number. to the right and left of 6 and 6 are included in the
45. Because 6 and 11 are integers and graph. The circles at 6 and 6 indicate that 6 and
6 11 0.54545454 . . . is a repeating decimal, 6 are not included in the graph.
this number is a rational number. 58. You can use a calculator to find an approximation
46. Because 25.5696 2.36, which is a terminating for 15.
decimal, this number is a rational number. 25 2.23606797 . . .
78
47. Because 3 42 1.36277028 . . . , which is not a 5.72 5.727272 . . .
repeating or terminating decimal, this number is Therefore, 5.72 7 25.
irrational. 59. You can use a calculator to find an approximation
48. Because 29.16 3.02654919 . . . , which is for 18.
not a repeating or terminating decimal, this 18 2.82842712 . . .
number is irrational. 2.63 2.636363 . . .
Therefore, 2.63 6 28.
Chapter 2 54
60. You can use a calculator to find approximations for 67. Write each number as a decimal.
1 1
7
and . 4.83 4.83838383 . . . or about 4.84
27
1 0.4
7
0.142857142 . . . 28
2.82842712 . . . or about 2.83
1 3
27
0.37796447 . . . 8 0.375
Therefore,
1
6
1
. 4.84 6 0.375 6 0.4 6 2.83
7 27
The numbers arranged in order from least to
61. You can use a calculator to find approximations for 3
greatest are 4.83, 8, 0.4, 18.
2 2
3
and . 23 68. Write each number as a decimal.
2
0.666666 . . .
3 165 8.06225774 . . . or about 8.06
2 2
23
1.15470053 . . . 65 6.4
Therefore,
2
6
2
. 127 5.19615242 . . . or about 5.20
3 23
8.06 6 6.4 6 5.20
and 131
1 2
for . greatest are 165, 65, 127.
231 31
1
231
0.17960530 . . . 69. Write each number as a decimal.
231 2122 11.0453610 . . . or about 11.05
0.17960530 . . . 4
31
79 7.444444 . . . or about 7.44
1 131
Therefore, .
131 31 2200 14.1421356 . . . or about 14.14
63. You can use a calculator to find an approximation 7.44 6 11.05 6 14.14
12
for 2 . The numbers arranged in order from least to
4
22 greatest are 79, 1122, 1200.
2
0.707106781 . . .
1 70. Replace h in 1.41h with 1500.
0.5
2 1.421500 1.4 38.73
Therefore,
22
7 2.
1 54.222
2
64. Write each number as a decimal. The tourists can see about 54.2 miles.
20.42 0.648074069 . . . or about 0.648 71. Replace h in 1.41h with 135.
0.63 0.63636363 . . . or about 0.636 1.4 2135 1.4 11.62
14 16.268
3
0.66666666 . . . or about 0.667
Replace h in 1.41h with 85.
0.636 6 0.648 6 0.667
1.4185 1.4 9.22
14 12.908
greatest are 0.63, 10.42, 3 .
Marissa can see about 16.268 12.908 3.36 or
65. Write each number as a decimal. about 3.4 miles farther than Dillan.
10.06 0.244948974 . . . or about 0.245 72. Replace h in 1.41h with 120.
0.24 0.24242424 . . . or about 0.242 1.41120 1.4 10.95
19
12
0.25 15.33
0.242 6 0.245 6 0.25 The lighthouse keeper cannot see the boat. The
lighthouse keeper can only see about 15.3 miles.
19 73. They are true if q and r are positive and q 7 r.
greatest are 0.24, 10.06, 12 .
1.46 1.46464646 . . . or about 1.46
0.2
12
1.41421356 . . . or about 1.41
1
6 0.1666666 . . . or about 0.17
1.46 6 0.17 6 0.2 6 1.41
1
greatest are 1.46, 6, 0.2, 12.
55 Chapter 2
74. The area of a square is given by A s2 where s is 81. There are 20 even numbers in a deck of cards,
the side length. If A s2 then 1A s. To find and there are 52 20 or 32 cards that are not
the side lengths, find the square root of the area. even numbers.
20
1 12 S 21 1 odds of an even number 32
4 22 S 24 2 8
5
9 32 S 29 3 The odds of selecting an even number from a deck

16 42 S 216 4 of cards are 5:8.
25 52 S 225 5 82. There are 12 face cards in a deck of cards, and
The perimeter of a square is 4 times the side 52 12 or 40 cards that are not face cards.
length. To find the perimeter of each square, odds against a face card 12
40
multiply each of the side lengths by 4. 10
414 3
428 The odds against selecting a face card from a deck
4 3 12 of cards are 10:3.
4 4 16 83. There are four aces in a deck of cards, and 52 4
4 5 20 or 48 cards that are not aces.
Squares 48
odds against an ace 4
Area (Units2 ) Side Length Perimeter
12
1
1 1 4
The odds against selecting an ace from a deck of
4 2 8 cards are 12:1.
9 3 12 84. Sample answer: Mean; the median and mode are
16 4 16 too low.
25 5 20 85. 4(7) 3 (11) 28 33
75. The length of the side is the square root of the area. 28 (33)
( 028 0 033 0 )
76. The perimeter of a square is 4 times the side
(28 33)
length. The side length of a square is the square
61
root of the area. Therefore, the perimeter of a
square is 4 times the square root of the area. For 86. 3(4) 2(7) 12 (14)
a square whose area is a units2, the perimeter is ( 012 0 014 0 )
41a units. (12 14)
26
77. Sample answer: By using the formula Surface
height weight 87. 1.2(4x 5y) 0.2(1.5x 8y)
Area 3 3600
, you need to use square 1.2(4x) 1.2(5y) 0.2(1.5x) 0.2(8y)
roots to calculate the quantity. Answers should 1.2(4)x 1.2(5)y 0.2(1.5)x 0.2(8)y
include the following. 4.8x 6y (0.3)x 1.6y
• You must multiply height by weight first. 4.8x 6y 0.3x 1.6y
Divide that product by 3600. Then determine 4.8x 0.3x 6y 1.6y
the square root of that result. (4.8 0.3)x (6 1.6)y
• Sample answers: exposure to radiation or 5.1x 7.6y
chemicals; heat loss; scuba suits 88. 4x(y 2z) x(6z 3y)
• Sample answers: determining height, distance 4x(y) 4x(2z) x(6z) x(3y)
78. B; 27 4(1)xy 4(2)xz 1(6)xz 1(3)xy
79. B; Write each number as a decimal. 4xy (8)xz 6xz (3)xy
3
4xy 8xz 6xz 3xy
6 0.5 4xy 3xy 8xz 6xz
6
3 2 (4 3)xy (8 6)xz
7xy 14xz
0.5 7 2 ✓
Chapter 2 Study Guide and Review

80. There are two red 4s in a deck of cards, and there
Page 110 Vocabulary and Concept Check
are 52 2 or 50 cards that are not a red 4.
1. true; 26 is twenty-six units from zero in the
2
odds of a red 4 50 negative direction.
1 2. true; definition of a rational number
25
3. true; 2144 represents the principal square root
The odds of selecting a red 4 from a deck of cards
of 144.
are 1:25.
144 122 S 2144 12
Chapter 2 56
4. false; Because 2576 24, this number is an 22. 2 10 2 (10)
integer and a rational number. ( 02 0 010 0 )
(2 10)
5. true; 152 225
12
6. false; sample answer: 3
23. 9 (7) 9 (7)
7. false; sample answer: 0.6 or 0.666 . . . 97
8. true; key concept of multiplication 16
24. 1.25 0.18 1.07
25. 7.7 (5.2) 7.7 (5.2)
Pages 110–114 Lesson-by-Lesson Review 7.7 5.2
9. ( 07.7 0 05.2 0 )
4 32 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 (7.7 5.2)
10. 2.5
1 12 1 12
3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 9
26. 2
2 2 2
11.
9 1
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 22
12. 32 0y 3 0 32 08 3 0 10

32 05 0 2
5
1 2 243 11624 2
32 5
27 27.
1
8
2
3
13. 3 0x 0 7 3 04 0 7
24 1 24 2
3 16
34 7
12 7 24 24
3 16
1 0 1624 0 0 243 0 2
5
14. 4 0z 0 4 09 0
1 24 24 2
49 16 3
13
15. 46 y 0x 0 46 8 04 0
13
24
46 8 # 4 28. (11)(9) 99 29. 12(3) 36
46 32
30. 8.2(4.5) 36.9 31. 2.4(3.6) 8.64
1 1 21 2
14
16. 4 (4) ( 04 0 04 0 )
3 7 21 9 9
32. 4
12 48 33. 3 10 30
(4 4) 7
16
3
10
0
34. 8(3x) 12x 8(3)x 12x
17. 2 (7) ( 07 0 02 0 )
24x 12x
(7 2)
(24 12)x
5
12x
18. 0.8 (1.2) ( 00.8 0 01.2 0 )
35. 5(2n) 9n 5(2)n 9n
(0.8 1.2)
10n 9n
2
(10 9)n
19. 3.9 2.5 ( 03.9 0 02.5 0 ) 1n
(3.9 2.5) n
1.4
1 12 1 12
36. 4(6a) (3)(7a) 4(6)a (3)(7)a
1 2
20. 4 8 8 8 24a 21a
1 0 8 0 0 8 0 2
2 1
(24 21)a
45a
18 8 2
54
2 1 37. 6
54 6
8
3 9
1 12 1 22
74
5 5 38. 8 (74 8)
21. 3 6 6
1 0 6 0 0 6 0 2
6
9.25
5 2
39. 21.8 (2) 10.9
16 6 2
40. 7.8 (6) 1.3
134 2 15 43
5 2
3 41. 15
6
60
1
2 3
20
57 Chapter 2
21 1 21 3 52. There is 1 S and 12 total letters.
42. 24
3 24 1
1
63 P(S) 12
24
21 5 0.08
8
or 28 1
The probability of selecting an S is 12 or about 8%.
14 28x
43. (14 28x) (7)
1 12
7 53. There are 3 Es and 12 total letters.
(14 28x) 7 3
P(E) 12
14 1 7 2 28x 1 7 2
1
1 1
4 or 0.25
1
2 (4x) The probability of selecting an E is 4
or 25%.
2 4x 54. There are 10 letters that are not N and 12 total
5 25x
44. (5 25x) 5 letters.
115 2
5
10
(5 25x) P(not N) 12
5 1 5 2 25x 1 5 2
5
1 1 6
0.83
1 5x
4x 24y
The probability of selecting a letter that is not
45. (4x 24y) 4 N is 5 or about 83%.
114 2
4
6
(4x 24y) 55. There are 2 Rs and 1 P. So there are 2
4x 1 4 2 24y 1 4 2
1 or 3 letters that are R or P and 12 total letters.
1 1
3
P(R or P) 1
1x 6y 1
4 or 0.25
x 6y
1
46. xz 2y (4)(3) 2 (2.4) The probability of selecting an R or P is 4
or 25%.
12 4.8 56. There are 50 dimes, and there are 90 75 30
16.8
12yz 2 212 324 2
or 195 coins that are not a dime.
50
47. 2 odds of a dime 195
2 1 3 2
10
4.8 39
2(1.6) The odds of selecting a dime are 10:39.
3.2 57. There are 90 pennies, and there are 75 50 30
2x z 2(4) 3 or 155 coins that are not a penny.
48. 4
3y 4
3(2.4)
8 3 90
7.2 odds of a penny 155
4
11 18
4
7.2 31
2.75 7.2 The odds of selecting a penny are 18:31.
4.45 58. There are 90 50 30 or 170 coins that are not
49. The lowest value is 12, and the highest value is a nickel, and there are 75 nickels.
30, so use a scale that includes those values. 170
odds of not a nickel
Place an above each value for each occurance. 75
34
15

The odds of selecting a coin that is not a nickel

are 34:15.
59. There are 75 50 or 125 coins that are a nickel
5 10 15 20 25 30
or a dime, and there are 90 30 or 120 coins that
The greatest common place value is tens, so the are not a nickel or a dime.
digits in the tens place are the stems. 125
odds of a nickel or a dime 120
Stem Leaf 25
1 222344555566 24
77778899999 The odds of selecting a coin that is a nickel or a
2 01112668 dime are 25:24.
3 0 1 0 2 = 12 60. 2196 represents the positive square root of 196.
50. Sample answer: Mean; the median and mode are 196 142 S 2196 14
too low. 61. ;21.21 represents the positive and negative
51. Sample answer: Median; it is closest in value to square roots of 1.21.
most of the data.
1.21 1.12 and 1.21 (1.1)2
;21.21 ;1.1
Chapter 2 58
62. 2160 represents the negative square 4. 0x 0 38 02 0 38
root of 160. 2 38
40
160 12.652 S 2160 12.65
5. 34 0x 21 0 34 07 21 0
34 014 0
4
63. ; 3 225 represents the positive and negative
4
square roots of 225. 34 14
4
225
1152 22 and 2254 1152 22 20
6. 12 0x 8 0 12 01.5 8 0
12 06.5 0
4 2
; 3 225 ; 15
64. Because 16 and 25 are integers and 16 25 0.64 12 6.5
is a terminating decimal, this number is a rational 5.5
number. 7. 19 12 ( 019 0 012 0 )
264 (19 12)
65. Because 2 4, this number is a natural
7
number, a whole number, an integer, and a
rational number. 8. 21 (34) 21 (34)
21 34
66. Because 248.5 6.96419413 . . ., which is ( 034 0 021 0 )
not a repeating or terminating decimal, this (34 21)
number is irrational. 13
67. You can use a calculator to find an approximation 9. 16.4 (23.7) ( 023.7 0 016.4 0 )
for
1
. (23.7 16.4)
249
1 7.3
0.125
8 10. 6.32 (7.41) 6.32 (7.41)
1
0.142857142 . . . 6.32 7.41
249
1 1 13.73
Therefore, 8
6 .
249 7 3 7 6
11. 16 8 16 16
1 0 7 0 0 166 0 2
2 4
for 3 3 and 9. 16
1 16 16 2
2 7 6
3 3 0.816496580 . . .
4 1
0.4444444 . . . 16
1 52 1 20 2
9
7 21
2 4 12. 12 9 36 36
Therefore, 33 7 9.
36 1 36 2
21 20
3 1
for 3 4 and 3 3. 21 20
36 36
1 0 21 0 0 2036 0 2
3
3 0.866025403 p 36
1 36 36 2
4
1 21 20
3 3 0.577350269 p
1
3 1 36
Therefore, 34 7 3 3.
d3 13. 5(19) 95 14. 56 (7) 8
70. Replace d in 3 216 with 9. 15. 96 (0.8) 120 16. (7.8)(5.6) 43.68
3 216
93

729
3 216
1
17. 8 (5) 8 5
1
1 12 15 3 15
18. 32 4 32 3
4
1 60

27 40 96
38 5
1.84 8
The worst part of the hurricane will last about 19. 5(3x) 12x 5(3)x 12x
1.8 hours. 15x 12x
(15 12)x
27x
Chapter 2 Practice Test 20. 7(6h h) 7(6h) 7(h)
7(6)h 7h
Page 115 42h 7h
1. absolute value (42 7)h
2. rational 35h
3. sample space 21. 4m(7n) (3d)(4c) 4(7)mn 3(4)dc
28mn (12)dc
28mn 12cd
59 Chapter 2
22.
36k
36k 4 31. The lowest value is 58, and the highest value is
4
1
74, so use a scale that includes these values.
36k 4 Place an above each value for each occurance.
36 114 2k

9k
9a 27
23. (9a 27) (3)
1 12
3
58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74
(9a 27) 3
9a 1 3 2 27 1 3 2
32. Sample answer: The median and mode can be
1 1 used to best represent the data. The mean is too
high.
3a (9)
3a 9 33. B; There are 7 hard-rock songs and 8 7 5 or
70x 30y 20 total songs.
24. (70x 30y) (5)
1 2
5 7
P(hard-rock) 20 or 0.35
1
(70x 30y) 5
70x 1 2 30y 1 5 2
The probability a hard-rock song will be playing
11 7
5 is 20 or 35%.
14x (6y)
14x (6y)
14x 6y Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
25. 264 represents the negative square root of 64.
Pages 116–117
64 82 S 264 8 1. B; 518.4 (9 8) 518.4 72
26. 23.61 represents the positive square root of 3.61. 7.2
3.61 1.92 S 23.61 1.9 2. C; 20 in 10 minutes, 40 in 20 minutes, 60 in
16 30 minutes, 80 in 40 minutes. Extending the
16
pattern would give 100 in 50 minutes and 120 in
roots of 81.
149 22 and 8116 149 22

60 minutes.
16
3. C; The points on the number line show 1, 0, 1,
81
2, and 3.
4. D; 0 4 0 4
16 4
; 3 81 ; 9
04 0 4
28. You can use a calculator to find an approximation 07 0 7
09 0 9
1
for .
23
1 4 6 7 6 9
0.577350269 p
23
1
5. A; 3.8 4.7 ( 04.7 0 03.8 0 )
3
0.33333333 p (4.7 3.8)
Therefore,
1 1 0.9
23
7 3.
6. D; 3(2m) 7m 3(2)m 7m
6m 7m
1
for 3 2. (6 7)m
1
13m
3 2 0.7071067812 p
7. D; The least value is 3|1 31.
8
11
0.727272727 p 8. A; 1 box has a prize and 4 1 or 3 boxes do not
1 8
have a prize.
Therefore, 32 6 11
.
odds of choosing a prize 3
1
23 The odds of choosing a prize are 1:3.
for 20.56 and 2 .
9. B; 210 3.16
20.56 0.748331477 p
10. The length of the label will be the circumference
23
2
0.866025403 p of the jar.
23 2 r 2(3.14)(4)
Therefore, 20.56 6 2
. 6.28(4)
25.12
The length of the label is 25.12 cm.
Chapter 2 60
5 1 4
11. 4 12 3 2
4 12 3 2
18. D; 49 72 and 49 (7)2 a could be 7 or 7.

4 19a. cost per number monthly
4 4 2 Total cost 1is minute 123
times 14243
of minutes 123
plus 14243
fee.
4 14243 23 14243
4 8 C m y x
4
12 or C my x

1 19b. For plan A, evaluate my x with m 0.3,
3
y 150, and x 5.95.
12. Replace m in 4m 3 9 with each value in the
my x 0.3 150 5.95
replacement set.
45 5.95
m 4m 3 9 True or False? 50.95
0 4 0 3 9 S 3 9 false For plan B, evaluate my x with m 0.1,
2 42 3 9S5 9 false y 150, and x 12.95.
3 43 3 9S9 9 true ✓ my x 0.1 150 12.95
5 4 5 3 9 S 17 9 false 15 12.95
27.95
The solution of 4m 3 9 is 3.
For plan C, evaluate my x with m 0.08,
13. three times the
y 150, and x 19.99.
2p plus difference
123 123 1444424443
of m and n
my x 0.08 150 19.99
2p 3 (m n) 12 19.99
or 2p 3(m n) 31.99
14. Hypothesis; 3x 3 7 24 Plan B is the least expensive.
15. C; x is x units from zero, and x is x units away 20a. Without a key, you cannot determine what the
from zero. values are.
0x 0 0x 0 20b. If the key is 3 02 3.2, then the data are ten
16. B; y 6 x times as great as they would be if the key is
1 1
y 6 x xy 3 02 0.32.
xy
1 1
x 6 y
1
17. A; n 7 1
1
nn 7 1n
1 7 n
61 Chapter 2
Chapter 3 Solving Linear Equations

Page 119 Getting Started 16. The base is 300, and the part is 21. Let p
1. Greater than implies add, and half of implies represent the percent.
1 a p
multiply by 2. So, the expression can be written as b
100
1
2
t 5. 21
100
p
300
2. Product implies multiply, and divided by implies 21(100) 300p
divide. So, the expression can be written as 2100 300p
7s 8y. 2100 300p

3. Sum implies add, times implies multiply, and 300 300
square implies raise to the second power. So, the 7p
expression can be written as 3a b2. Twenty-one is 7% of 300.
4. Decreased by implies subtract, so the expression 17. The base is 5, and the part is 15. Let p represent
can be written as w5 37. the percent.
5. Times implies multiply, and subtracted from a
100
p
b
implies subtract. So, the expression can be 15 p
written as 95 9y. 5
100
6. Sum implies add, and divided by implies divide. 15(100) 5p
So, the expression can be written as (r 6) 12. 1500 5p
12 12 1500 5p
7. 3 6 4
18 4 5
5
18 3 300 p
15 Fifteen is 300% of 5.
8. 5(13 7) 22 5(6) 22 18. The base is 60, and the part is 12. Let p represent
30 22 the percent.
8 a p
100
9. 5(7 2) 32 5(5) 32 b
12 p
5(5) 9 60
100
25 9 12(100) 60p
16 1200 60p
2 6 4 12 4
10. 2
2
1200

60p
60 60
8
2 20 p
4 Twelve is 20% of 60.
11. (25 4) (22 1) 21 (4 1) 19. The base is 10, and the part is 16. Let p represent
21 3 the percent.
7 a
100
p
b
12. 36 4 2 3 9 2 3 16 p
73 10
100
10 16(100) 10p
13.
19 5
3
14
3 1600 10p
7 7
1600 10p
23 10
10
5 160 p
1 1
14. 4 (24) 2 (12) 6 6 Sixteen is 160% of 10.
0 20. The base is 50, and the part is 37.5. Let p
represent the percent.
15. The base is 20, and the part is 5. Let p represent
a p
the percent. b
100
a p 37.5 p
b
100 50
100
5
100
p 37.5(100) 50p
20
3750 50p
5(100) 20p 3750 50p
500 20p 50
50
500

20p 75 p
20 20
25 p Thirty-seven and one half is 75% of 50.
Five is 25% of 20.
Chapter 3 62
5. the sum of is the

3-1 Writing Equations Five times m and n same as seven times n.
123 123 14243 1 424 3 123 123 {
5 (m n) 7 n
Page 122 Algebra Activity The equation is 5(m n) 7n.
1. The area of the front is the product of the length 6. Words: Area equals one half times the base
and the height or lh. times the height.
2. The area of the back is the product of the length Variables: Let A area, b base, and h height.
and the height or lh. one the the
Area
23 equals half
23 times base
23 times height.
3. The area of one side is the product of the width 1 123 1 123 1 123 123
1
and the height or wh. Formula: A 2
b h
4. The area of the other side is the product of the The formula for the area of a triangle is A 2 bh.
1
width and the height or wh.
7. Words: Circumference equals the product of
5. The area of the top is the product of the length
two, pi, and the radius.
and the width or lw.
Variables: Let C circumference and r radius.
6. The area of the bottom is the product of the
the product of two,
length and the width or lw. Circumference equals pi, and the radius.
1442443 123 144424443
7. The
1
surface area is
4444244
the sum of the areas of the faces.
443 { 1444444442444444443 Formula: C 2r
S lh lh wh wh lw lw
The formula for the circumference of a circle is
or S 2lh 2wh 2lw C 2r.
8. If s represents the length of the side of a cube, 8. 14 d 6d
then the surface area is given by S 2lh 2wh { { { { {
2lw with l s, h s, and w s. Fourteen plus d equals six times d.

1 3
S 2lh 2wh 2lw 9. 3
b 4
2a
{ { { { {
2s s 2s s 2s s One-third of b minus three-fourths equals two times a.
2s2 2s2 2s2
10. Sample answer: The original cost of a suit is c.
6s2
After a $25 discount, the suit costs $150. What is
The surface area is given by S 6s2. the original cost of the suit?
11. Darius’ number of pounds
current weight plus he wants to gain equals 160.
14442444 3 123 144 442444 43 14243 123
Page 123 Check for Understanding 155 g 160
1. Explore the problem, plan the solution, solve the The equation is 155 g 160.
problem, and examine the solution. 12. 155 g 160
2a. Misae has $1900 in her account at the Find g mentally by asking, “What number added
beginning. to 155 equals 160?”
2b. money number g5
per week times of weeks
14243 123 14 243 Darius needs to gain 5 pounds to reach his goal.
30 10
30 . 10 300
money number Pages 124–126 Practice and Apply
per week times of weeks 13.
14243 123 14 243 Two
1444hundred
24443 minus
123 three
123 times
123 x
{
is equal to
14 424 43
nine.
123
30 20 200 3 x 9
30 . 20 600 The equation is 200 3x 9.
She will add $300 in 10 weeks and $600 in 14. Rewrite the sentence so it is easier to translate.
20 weeks. Twice
1424 3r 12
plus three
3 1 23 1times
23 {s 1
is44244
identical to
3 thirteen.
1424 3
2c. money number 2r 3 s 13
per week times of weeks The equation is 2r 3s 13.
14243 123 14 243
30 w 15. Rewrite the sentence so it is easier to translate.
or 30w One-third q 1 plus
1
4424 43 23 25 {
is44244
1 as much as3 twice
1
424 q.
3
2d. No; 1900 52(30) 3460, which is less than 1
3500. 3
q 25 2q
1
3. Sample answer: After sixteen people joined the The equation is 3
q 25 2q.
drama club, there were 30 members. How many 16. 14
The44244
square of m 123
minus the cube 43
of n is sixteen.
43 14 424 { 1 4243
members did the club have before the new 2 3
members? m n 16
4. 1Two The equation is m2 n3 16.
23 times
123 { t decreased
14 4244by 3 eight
123 equals
123 seventy.
14243
2 t 8 70
The equation is 2t 8 70.
63 Chapter 3
17. the sum of is equal 26. Words: Volume equals the product of , the
Two times v and w 1 to43 1two
23 times z. square of the radius of the base, and
123 123 14243 42 123 {
2 (v w) 2 z the height.
The equation is 2(v w) 2z. Variables: Let V volume, r radius of base,
and h height.
18. the sum of is the
the square of the the
Half of nine and p same as p minus three.
123 { 14243 1424 3 { 123 123 Volume
1
424 123
3 equals times radius of the base times height.
{ 123 14 4424443 123 123
1
2
(9 p) p 3 Formula: V r h 2
1 The formula for the volume of a cylinder is
The equation is 2(9 p) p 3.
V r2h.
19. Rewrite the sentence so it is easier to translate.
The divided the is the twice the
27. Words: The square of the measure of the
number g 1 by 3 number h same as sum of g and h plus seven. hypotenuse is the square of the
14243 424 14243 1424 3 1442443 123 123
g h 2(g h) 7 measure of one leg plus the square of
the measure of the other leg.
The equation is g h 2(g h) 7.
Variables: Let c measure of hypotenuse,
a measure of one leg, and
the square of the the square the square
Five-ninths times sum of a, b, and c equals of a plus of c. b measure of other leg.
14243 123 144424443 123 14243 123 14243
5
(a b c)2 a2 c2
Formula:
9
The square of the the square of the the square of the
5
The equation is 9(a b c)2 a2 c2. measure
144 of the hypotenuse
44424444 43 is measure
{1444244 of one43
leg 1
plus
23 measure of the other leg.
14444244443
21. Rewrite the sentence so it is easier to translate. c2 a2 b2
The Pacific Ocean This formula for a right triangle is c a2 b2. 2

144 42444 3 is
{ 1
46%
23 of Earth.
{ 123
P 0.46 E 28. Words: Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit
is nine-fifths of the degrees Celsius
The equation is P 0.46E.
plus thirty-two.
Variables: Let F degrees Fahrenheit and
The cost number C degrees Celsius.
per yard times of yards plus 3.50 equals 73.50.
14243 123 1 424 31 23 1 23 123 123 Temperature in the degrees
degrees Fahrenheit is nine-fifths of Celsius plus thirty-two.
1.75 f 3.50 73.50 144424443 { 14243 { 14243 123 14243
9
The equation is 1.75f 3.50 73.50. Formula: F 5
C 32.
23. Words: Area is the base times the height. The formula for temperature in degrees Fahrenheit
9
Variables: Let A area, b base, and h is F 5C 32.
height.
29. {
d
{
14
{

{
5
{
Area
123 is{ 1
the
424base
3 1times the height.
23 14243 d minus fourteen equals five.
Formula: A b h
30. 2f
{

{ {
6
{
19
{
The formula for the area of a parallelogram is
A bh. Two times f plus six equals nineteen.
31. k2 17 53 j
24. Words: Volume is one-third times the { { { { { { {
product of the area of the base and k squared plus seventeen equals fifty-three minus j.
its height. 32. 2a
{

{
7a
{

{ {
b
Variables: Let V volume, B area of base, Two times a equals seven times a minus b.
and h height. 3 1
33. 4
p 2
p
the product of the area { { { { {
Volume is one-third
14243 times
123 of the44424444
base and its height. Three-fourths of p plus one-half equals p.
123 { 144 43
1
Formula: V 3
(B h) 34. 2
w 1
w 3
5{ { 2{ { {
The formula for the volume of a pyramid is
1
Two-fifths times w equals one-half times w plus three.
V 3Bh.
35. 7(m
1424 n)
3
{ 110n
23
{
17
{
25. Words: Perimeter is twice the sum of the Seven times equals ten plus seventeen.
lengths of the two adjacent sides. the sum of m and n times n
Variables: Let P perimeter, a one side, and 36. 4(t s) 5s 12
b an adjacent side. 123 { { { {
the sum of the lengths

Four times the equals five times s plus twelve.
Perimeter is two times of the two adjacent sides. quantity t minus s
14243 { 123 123 144 44424444 43
Formula: P 2 (a b)
The formula for the perimeter of a parallelogram
is P 2(a b).
Chapter 3 64
1 Plan: Write the formula for the volume of

37. A 2h (a b)
a sphere.
The area A of a trapezoid equals one-half times the radius
the product of the height h and the sum of the of the
The four- sphere
bases, a and b. Volume is thirds times times cubed.
1
424 3 { 123 123 { 123 14243
38. rt d
4
r3
{ { { V 3
Rate times time equals distance. 4
Solve: V 3
r3
39. Sample answer: Lindsey is 7 inches taller than 4
Yolanda. If 2 times Yolanda’s height plus 3
(4)3
Lindsey’s height equals 193 inches, find Yolanda’s
4
(64)
3
height.
4
40. Sample answer: The price of a new backpack is p 3
(64)
dollars and the tax on the backpack is 0.055p. If 256
3

the total cost of the backpack and the tax is
268.1
$31.65, what is the price of the backpack?
Examine: The volume of a sphere with r 4
41. Words: Volume equals one-third times the
is about 268 in3.
product of , the square of the
radius of the base, and the height. 45. Rewrite the phrase so it is easier to translate.
Variables: Let V volume, r radius of base, the number of years
and h height. The year Tarzan before the town was
was first published plus named Tarzana
Formula: 144424443 123 144424443
the square of the the 1912 y
Volume equals one-third times times radius of the base times height. The expression is 1912 y.
1424 3 123 14243 123 { 123 14444244443 123 123
1
V 3
r2 h 46. Rewrite the sentence so it is easier to translate.
1
The formula for the volume of a cone is V 3 r2h. The year Tarzan the number of years before the year the
was published plus the town was renamed equals town was renamed.
14442444 3 123 1444442444443 123 144424443
42. Explore: You know the formula for the volume 1912 y 1928
of a cone. You need to evaluate the
The equation is 1912 y 1928.
formula with r 10 and h 30.
47. 1912 y 1928
Plan: Write the formula for the volume of a
Ask yourself, “What number added to 1912 equals
cone.
1928?”
the product of
y 16
, the square
The volume equals 1
one-third times 14of 424
r, and43
h. There were 16 years between the first Tarzan
144244 3 123 4243 123 story and the naming of the town.
1
V 3
(r2h) 48. Rewrite the phrase so it is easier to translate.
1
Solve: V 3r2h the advertising
1 Four
123 times
1 portion
23 1442443 plus
123 15
3 (10)2(30) {
4 a 15
1
3 (100)(30) The expression is 4a 15.
1
3 (100)(30) 49. Rewrite the sentence so it is easier to translate.
11003 2(30) The advertising
portion plus
15 more than 4 times
1000 1442443 123 the advertising portion {

14444244443 is {
60.
a (4a 15) 60
3141.6
The equation is a (4a 15) 60.
Examine: The volume of a cone with r 10 and
h 30 is about 3142 cm3. 50. Find the solution for a (4a 15) 60. Start by
letting a 10 and then adjust values up or down
43. Words: Volume is four-thirds times times
as needed.
the radius of the sphere cubed.
Variables: Let V volume and r radius of a a (4a 15) 60 Reasonable?
?
sphere. 10 10 (4 10 15) 60 S 65 60 too high
the radius ?
of the 5 5 (4 5 15) 60 S 40 60 too low
four- sphere ?
Volume is thirds times times cubed. 7 7 (4 7 15) 60 S 50 60 too low
1
424 3 { 123 123 { 123 14243 ?
Formula: V 3
4
r3 8 8 (4 8 15) 60 S 55 60 almost
?
4 9 9 (4 9 15) 60 S 60 60 true ✓
The formula for the volume of a sphere is V 3r3.
The solution of a (4a 15) 60 is 9. Therefore,
44. Explore: You know the formula for the volume
9 minutes were spent on advertising.
of a sphere. You need to evaluate the
formula with r 4. 51. See students’ work.
65 Chapter 3
52. Words: Surface area is the sum of the area 63. 12d 3 4d 12d 4d 3
of the faces. (12d 4d) 3
Variables: Let S surface area, a length of (12 4)d 3
the sides of an equilateral triangle, 8d 3
and h height of a prism. The 64. 7t t 8t 7t2 (t 8t)
2
height of the equilateral triangle is 7t2 (1 8)t
a 23 7t2 9t
given by 2 .
Surface area of area of 65. 3(a 2b) 5a 3(a) 3(2b) 5a
area is three times a side plus two times a base. 3a 6b 5a
14243 { 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 3a 5a 6b
Formula: (3a 5a) 6b
1 a 23
S 3 ah 2 2a 2 (3 5)a 6b
The formula for the surface area of this 8a 6b
a2 23 66. 5(8 3) 7 2 5(5) 7 2
triangular prism is S 3ah 2 .
53. Equations can be used to describe the 25 14
relationships of the heights of various parts of a 39
structure. Answers should include the following. 67. 6(43 22) 6(64 4)
• The equation representing the Sears Tower is 6(68)
1454 a 1707. 408
54. B; a the
68. 7(0.2 0.5) 0.6 7(0.7) 0.6
One-fourth of number plus five equals number minus 123
seven. 4.9 0.6
14243 { 1424 3 1 23 1 231424 31424 3 123
1 4.3
4 n 5 n 7
1
69. 1 70. 1
The equation is 4
n 5 n 7. 5.67 0.57
55. D;{
7 (x y) 35 3.70 2.80
{ 123 { {
9.37 3.37
Seven times the sum of x and y equals 35.
71. 4 72. 8 9
5.128 9.010
3. 4 0 7.3 5
Page 126 Maintain Your Skills 1. 8 8 1.6 5
56. 28100 represents the positive square root of 2 1 10 3 1 2 1 4
73. 5 15 15 74. 366
8100. 3 6
13 5
8100 902 S 28100 90 15 6
25 25 7 2 7 6 3 1 9 2
57. 3 36 represents the negative square root of . 75. 399 76. 6 12 12
156 22 S 3 2536 56

36 9 4
1 7
25
9 12
36
58. 290 represents the positive square root of 90.

90 9.492 S 290 9.49 Page 127 Algebra Activity
59. 255 represents the negative square root of 55. (Preview of Lesson 3–2)
55 7.422 S 155 7.42 1. Step 1 Model the equation.
60. There is 1 six and 6 total outcomes.
1
x
P(6) 6
1 1
0.17 1 1 1 1 1 1
The probability of rolling a 6 is
1
or about 17%. 1 1
6 1 1 1 1 1
61. There are 3 even numbers and 6 total outcomes.
1 1
3 1 1 1
P(an even number) 6
1 1 1
2
or 0.5
The probability of rolling an even number is 2 or
1 x57
50%. x 5 (5) 7 (5)
62. There are 4 numbers greater than two and 6 total Place 1 x tile and 5 positive 1 tiles on one side of
outcomes. the mat. Place 7 positive 1 tiles on the other side
4 of the mat. Then add 5 negative 1 tiles to each
P(a number greater than 2) 6 side.
2
3
The probability of rolling a number greater than
2
2 is 3.
Chapter 3 66
Step 2 Isolate the x term. Place 1 x tile and 4 positive 1 tiles on one side of
the mat. Place 27 positive 1 tiles on the other
x 1 1 side of the mat. Then add 4 negative 1 tiles to
each side.
1 1 1 1
Step 2 Isolate the x term.
1 1 1 1
x 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
–1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
–1 1 1 1 –1 1
x2 1 1 –1 1
–1 1
Group the tiles to form zero pairs. Then remove 1 1 –1 1
all the zero pairs. The resulting equation is x 2. –1 1 1 1 –1 1
2. Step 1 Model the equation.
x 23
x 1 1 1 1 Group the tiles to form zero pairs. Then remove
1 1 1 1 all the zero pairs. The resulting equation is x 23.
1 1 4. Step 1 Model the equation.
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
x
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1
x (2) 28
x (2) 2 28 2 1 1
Place 1 x tile and 2 negative 1 tiles on one side of 1 1
the mat. Place 28 positive 1 tiles on the other side
of the mat. Then add 2 positive 1 tiles to each side. x (3) 4
Step 2 Isolate the x term. x (3) 3 4 3
Place 1 x tile and 3 negative 1 tiles on one side of
x 1 1 1 1 the mat. Place 4 positive 1 tiles on the other side
1 1 1 1 of the mat. Then add 3 positive 1 tiles to each side.
1 1 1 1 Step 2 Isolate the x term.
1 1
1 1 1 1 \
1 1 1 1
x
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1
1 1

–1 1 1 1
x 30
–1 1 1
Group the tiles to form zero pairs. Then remove
all the zero pairs. The resulting equation is x 30. –1 1
x7
x Group the tiles to form zero pairs. Then remove
1 1 1 1
all the zero pairs. The resulting equation is x 7.
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1
1 1 1 1
1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1
1 1 1
1 1
x 4 27
x 4 (4) 27 (4)
67 Chapter 3
5. Step 1 Model the equation. Group the tiles to form zero pairs. Then remove all
the zero pairs. The resulting equation is x 5.
x 7. You can model the equation a b by putting an a
tile on one side of the mat, and putting a b tile on
1 1 1 1 1 the other side of the mat. You can add a c tile to
each side of the mat. The resulting equation
1 1
would be a c b c.
8. You can model the equation a b by putting an a
1 1
tile on one side of the mat, and putting a b tile on
1 1 the other side of the mat. You can add a negative
1 1 c tile to each side of the mat. The resulting
equation would be a (c) b (c)
x 3 4 or a c b c.
x 3 (3) 4 (3)
Place 1 x tile and 3 positive 1 tiles on one side of
the mat. Place 4 negative 1 tiles on the other side
3-2 Solving Equations by Using
of the mat. Then add 3 negative 1 tiles to each side. Addition and Subtraction
x 1. Sample answers: n 13, n 16 29, n 12 25
1 1 2. The Addition Property of Equality and the
Subtraction Property of Equality can both be
1 1 used to solve equations. The Addition Property
of Equality says you can add the same number
1 1 1 1
to each side of an equation. The Subtraction
1 1 1 Property of Equality says you can subtract the
same number from each side of an equation.
1 1 Since subtracting a number is the same as
adding its inverse, either property can be used
x –7 to solve any addition equation or subtraction
Group the tiles to form zero pairs. Then remove all equation.
the zero pairs. The resulting equation is x 7. 3. (1) Add 94 to each side.
6. Step 1 Model the equation. g 94 (94) 75 (94)
g 19
x
1 1 (2) Subtract 94 from each side.
1 1 1 1 1 g 94 94 75 94
g 19
1 1
1 1 1 1 1 4. t 4 7
1 1 t 4 4 7 4
1 t 3
1 1
Check: t 4 7
1 1 ?
3 4 7
1 1 7 7 ✓
The solution is 3.
x72
x 7 (7) 2 (7) 5. p 19 6
Place 1 x tile and 7 positive 1 tiles on one side of p 19 19 6 19
the mat. Place 2 positive 1 tiles on the other side of p 13
the mat. Then add 7 negative 1 tiles to each side. Check: p 19 6
?
Step 2 Isolate the x term. 13 19 6
66✓
x The solution is 13.
1 1 1 1 6. 15 r 71
1 1 15 r 15 71 15
1 1 r 56
1 1
1 Check: 15 r 71
1 1 ?
15 56 71
1 1
1 1 71 71 ✓
1 1
1 1
The solution is 56.
1 1
x –5
Chapter 3 68
7. 104 y 67 14. The average the average

104 67 y 67 67 time in Europe
1442443 minus
123 14424time in Japan
43
171 y 35.5 16.8
Check: 104 y 67 35.5 16.8 18.7
?
104 171 67 The difference is 18.7 hours.
104 104 ✓
The solution is 171.
8. h 0.78 2.65 Pages 132–134 Practice and Apply
h 0.78 0.78 2.65 0.78 15. 9 14
h 3.43 9 9 14 9
Check: h 0.78 2.65 23
?
3.43 0.78 2.65 Check: 9 14
2.65 2.65 ✓ 23 9 14
?
The solution is 3.43. 14 14 ✓

2 1
9. 3
w 12 The solution is 23.
2 2
w 3 12 3
1 2 16. s 19 34
3
s 19 19 34 19
5
w6 s 15
Check:
2
w
1
12 Check: s 19 34
3 ?
2 5 ? 1 15 19 34
3
6 12 34 34 ✓
1 1
12 12 ✓ The solution is 15.
5 17. g 5 33
The solution is 6.
g 5 5 33 5
10. 1
A4number minus twenty-one is 8. g 28
42443 1424 3 1 442443 123 123
n 21 8 Check: g 5 33
?
n 21 8 28 5 33
n 21 21 8 21 33 33 ✓
n 13 The solution is 28.
Check: n 21 8 18. 18 z 44
?
13 21 8 18 z 18 44 18
8 8 ✓ z 26
The solution is 13. Check: 18 z 44
?
11. 1
A4number increased by 37 is 91. 18 26 44
42443 1 4442444 3 123 { 123
n 37 91 44 44 ✓
n (37) 91 The solution is 26.
n (37) 37 91 37 19. a 55 17
n 54 a 55 55 17 55
Check: n (37) 91 a 38
?
54 (37) 91 Check: a 55 17
?
91 91 ✓ 38 55 17
The solution is 54. 17 17 ✓
12. Words: The average time in Japan plus 8.1 The solution is 38.
equals the average time in the United 20. t 72 44
States. t 72 72 44 72
Variable: Let / the average time in Japan. t 28
The average the average Check: t 72 44
?
time in Japan plus 8.1 equals time in the U.S. 28 72 44
1442443 123123 123 1442443
44 44 ✓
Equation:
/ 8.1 24.9 The solution is 28.
13. / 8.1 24.9 21. 18 61 d
/ 8.1 8.1 24.9 8.1 18 61 61 d 61
/ 16.8 43 d
The average time is 16.8 hours. Check: 18 61 d
?
18 61 43
18 18 ✓
The solution is 43.
69 Chapter 3
22. 25 150 q 29. 6 m (3.42)

25 150 150 q 150 6 3.42 m (3.42) 3.42
125 q 2.58 m
Check: 25 150 q Check: 6 m (3.42)
? ?
25 150 125 6 2.58 (3.42)
25 25 ✓ 6 6 ✓
The solution is 125. The solution is 2.58.
23. r (19) 77 30. 6.2 4.83 y
r 19 77 6.2 4.83 4.83 y 4.83
r 19 19 77 19 11.03 y
r 96 Check: 6.2 4.83 y
?
Check: r (19) 77 6.2 4.83 11.03
?
96 (19) 77 6.2 6.2 ✓
77 77 ✓ The solution is 11.03.
The solution is 96. 31. t 8.5 7.15
24. b (65) 15 t 8.5 8.5 7.15 8.5
b 65 15 t 15.65
b 65 65 15 65 Check: t 8.5 7.15
b 50 ?
15.65 8.5 7.15
Check: b (65) 15 7.15 7.15 ✓
?
50 (65) 15 The solution is 15.65.
15 15 ✓ 32. q 2.78 4.2
The solution is 50. q 2.78 2.78 4.2 2.78
25. 18 (f ) 91 q 6.98
18 f 91 Check: q 2.78 4.2
18 f 18 91 18 ?
6.98 2.78 4.2
f 73 4.2 4.2 ✓
Check: 18 (f ) 91 The solution is 6.98.
?
18 (73) 91 3 5
33. x46
91 91 ✓
3 3 5 3
The solution is 73. x4464
26. 125 (u) 88 x 112
7
125 u 88 3 5
125 u 125 88 125 Check: x46
u 37 7 3 ? 5
112 4 6
Check: 125 (u) 88 5 5
? ✓
125 [(37) ] 88 6 6
7
88 88 ✓ The solution is 112.
The solution is 37. 3 7
34. a 5 10
27. 2.56 c 0.89 3 3 7 3
2.56 c 2.56 0.89 2.56 a 5 5 10 5
c 3.45 a 10
1
Check: 2.56 c 0.89 3 7

? Check: a 5 10
2.56 3.45 0.89
1 3 ? 7
0.89 0.89 ✓ 10 5 10
The solution is 3.45. 7 7
10 10 ✓
28. k 0.6 3.84 1
k 0.6 0.6 3.84 0.6 The solution is 10.
k 4.44 35.
1
2 p 8
5
Check: k 0.6 3.84 1 1 5 1

? 2 p 2 8 2
4.44 0.6 3.84
1
3.84 3.84 ✓ p 18
The solution is 4.44. 1 5
Check: 2 p 8
1 1 ? 5
2 18 8
5 5
8
8✓
1
The solution is 18.
Chapter 3 70
2 4 43. A number3 minus

36. r 9 eighteen equals 31.
3 1424 1231 424 3 123 {
2 2 4 2 Equation: n 18 31
3
r 3 9 3
1
n 18 31
r 19 n 18 18 31 18
Check:
2
r 9
4 n 49
1 2
3
2 1 ? 4
Check: n 18 31
19 9 ?
3 49 18 31
4
9 9 ✓
4
31 31 ✓
1 The solution is 49.
The solution is 19.
2 4 2 3
44. What
14442 number
4443 decreased
14 44244 4by
3 77 equals
{ 1424 3118?
23
37. v5 38. w4
3 5 Equation: n 77 18
2 4 4 4 2 3 3 3
3
5 v55 5
4 w44 n 77 18
2
15 v
7
20 w n 77 77 18 77
n 59
2 4 2 3
Check: 3
v5 Check: 5
w4 Check: n 77 18
2 ? 2 ? ?
2
15 5
4 7
20 4
3
59 77 18
3 5
2 2 2 2 18 18 ✓
3
3✓ 5
5✓
The solution is 59.
2 7
The solution is 15. The solution is 20. 45. A number increased by 16 21.
1424 3 14 4244 31 23 is
{ 1 23
39. First, solve x 7 14. Equation: n (16) 21
x 7 14 n (16) 21
x 7 7 14 7 n (16) 16 21 16
x 21 n 5
Now, replace x in x 2 with 21. Check: n (16) 21
?
x 2 21 2 5 (16) 21
19 21 21 ✓
The value is 19. The solution is 5.
40. First, solve t 8 12. 46. A number plus 43 is 1
102.
14 243 1 23 1 23 { 23
t 8 12
Equation: n (43) 102
t 8 8 12 8
t 20 n (43) 102
n (43) 43 102 43
Now, replace t in t 1 with 20.
n 145
t 1 20 1
Check: n (43) 102
19 ?
145 (43) 102
The value is 19.
102 102 ✓
41. The length of the rectangle
1444 4424444 43 is 78. { { The solution is 145.
Equation: x 55 78 47. What one- is equal negative
x 55 78 number minus half to 3 three-fourth?
1
424 3 123 123 1424 1 442443
x 55 55 78 55 Equation: n
1
4
3
2
x 23 1 3
n 2 4
Check: x 55 78
? 1 1 3 1
23 55 78 n 2 2 4 2
78 78 ✓ 1
n 4
The solution is 23. 1 3
42. The width of the rectangle Check: n 2 4
144444244444 3 is 24. { {
1 1 ? 3
Equation: y 17 24 4 2 4
y 17 24 3
4 4 ✓
3
y 17 17 24 17 1
y 41 The solution is 4.
Check: y 17 24
?
41 17 24
24 24 ✓
The solution is 41.
71 Chapter 3
48. is equal 58. Words: The number of volumes at Harvard

19 plus 42 plus a number to 87. University plus the difference equals
{ 1 23 { 123 14 4244 3 14 4244 3 {
Equation:19 42 n 87 the number of volumes at the Library
of Congress.
19 42 n 87
61 n 87 Variable: Let x the difference in volumes
61 n 61 87 61 between the two libraries.
The number of volumes the the number of volumes at
n 26
at Harvard University plus difference equals the Library of Congress.
14444244443 123 14243 123 1444442444443
Check: 19 42 n 87
? Equation: 13.6 x 24.0
19 42 26 87
13.6 x 24.0
87 87 ✓
13.6 x 13.6 24.0 13.6
The solution is 26. x 10.4
49. Sometimes; if x 0, x x x is true. The Library of Congress has 10.4 million volumes
50. Always; any number plus 0 is always the number. more.
51. Words: The miles per gallon of a luxury car 59. Words: The number of volumes at New York
plus 10 equals the miles per gallon of Public plus the difference equals the
a midsize car. number of volumes at Harvard
Variable: Let the miles per gallon of a University.
luxury car. Variable: Let x the difference in volumes
The miles per gallon the miles per gallon between the two libraries.
of a luxury car plus
23 10 equals of a midsize car.
144424443 1 { 123 144424443 The number the number
Equation: 10 34 of volumes at the of volumes at
New York Public 1
plus difference equals Harvard University.
The equation is 10 34. 144424443 23 14243 123 144424443
Equation: 11.4 x 13.6
52. / 10 34
/ 10 10 34 10 11.4 x 13.6
/ 24 11.4 x 11.4 13.6 11.4
x 2.2
A luxury car travels 24 miles on a gallon of gasoline.
Harvard University has 2.2 million volumes more.
53. The miles per gallon the miles per gallon
of a subcompact car
144424443 is
{ of a luxury car
144424443 plus
123 13.
{
60. Words: The number of volumes at New York
x 24 13 Public plus the difference equals the
x 24 13 number of volumes at the Library of
x 37 Congress.
A subcompact car travels 37 miles on a gallon of Variable: Let x the difference in volumes
gasoline. between the two libraries.
The number the number
54. The miles per gallon the miles per gallon of volumes at the of volumes at the
of a subcompact car minus of a midsize car
144424443 123 144424443 New York Public 1
144424443 plus difference
23 14243 equals Library
123 of Congress.
144424443
37 34 Equation: 11.4 x 24.0
37 34 3 11.4 x 24.0
A subcompact car travels 3 miles more. 11.4 x 11.4 24.0 11.4
55. Sample answer: 29 miles; 29 is the average of 24 x 12.6
(for the 8-cylinder engine) and 34 (for the 4-cylinder The Library of Congress has 12.6 million volumes
engine). more.
56. Words: The height of the Great Pyramid plus 61. Words: The total number of volumes is equal
the amount of decrease equals the to the sum of the volumes at the
original height. Library of Congress, Harvard
Variable: Let d the amount of decrease. University, and New York Public.
The height of the the amount the original Variable: Let x the total number of volumes.
Great Pyramid plus of4decrease equals height. The total volumes at volumes at volumes at
144424443 123 1 42443 123 1442443
number is Lib. of C. plus Harvard plus NY Public.
Equation: 450 d 481 14243 { 14243 123 14243 123 14243
The equation is 450 d 481 Equation: x 24.0 13.6 11.4
57. 450 d 481 x 24.0 13.6 11.4
450 d 450 481 450 x 49
d 31 The total number of volumes at the three largest
The decrease in height is 31 ft. U.S. libraries is 49 million.
Chapter 3 72
62. Words: The number of one-year olds plus the 68. A; x 167 52
difference equals the number of x 167 167 52 167
newborns. x 115
Variable: Let x the difference between the
number of one-year olds and
newborns. Page 134 Maintain Your Skills
The number of the the number of 69. Words: Area is times the radius squared.
one-year olds 1
plus
23 difference
14243 equals newborns.
1442443 123 1442443 Variables: Let A area and r radius.
Equation: (679 634) x (1379 1286) Area is times the radius squared.
123 { { 123 144424443
679 634 x 1379 1286
Formula: A r2
1313 x 2665
1313 x 1313 2665 1313 The formula for the area of a circle is A r2.
x 1352 70. Replace r in r2 with 16.
There are 1352 more newborns. r2 (16)2
63. Words: The number of males plus the (256)
difference equals the number of ≈ 804.2
females. The area is about 804 in2.
Variable: Let x the difference between the 71. You can use a calculator to find an approximation
number of males and females. for 22.
1
The number the the number
2
0.5
of4males plus difference equals 1of4females.
14 2443 1 23 1 442443 123 42443
22 1.41421356 p
Equation: (1379 679 x (1286
1
1707) 634 3714) Therefore, 2
6 22.
1379 679 1707 x 1286 634 3714 72. You can use a calculator to find an approximation
2
3765 x 5634 for 3.
3765 x 3765 5634 3765 3
x 1869 4
0.75
2
There are 1869 more females. 3
0.66666666 p
64. Words: The total population is equal to the Therefore,
3 2
7 3.
4
sum of the number of newborns,
3
one-year olds, and adults. 73. You can use a calculator to find the value of 8.
Variable: Let t the total population. 3
0.375
8
The total the number of the number of the number
3
population is newborns
14243 { 14424431
plus one-year olds plus of adults.
23 1442443 123 14243 Therefore, 0.375 8.
Equation: 74. The greatest common place value is tens, so the
t (1379 1286) (679 634) (1707 3714) digits in the tens place are the stems.
t 1379 1286 679 634 1707 3714 Stem Leaf
t 9399 3 12456
The total deer population is 9399. 4 0123
65. If a b x, then a b x. If a x b x, then 5 246
by the transitive property a a x. If a a x,
3 01 31
then x 0. If x 0, then a x b x implies
a b. Therefore, if a b x, then a b and 75. The greatest common place value is ones, so the
x 0 would make a x b x true. digits in the ones place are the stems.
66. Equations can be used to describe the Stem Leaf
relationships of growth and decline in job 0 58
opportunities. Answer should include the 1 1247
following. 2 3689
• To solve the equation, add 66 to each side. The 3
0 05 0.5
solution is m 71.
4 15
• An example such as “The percent increase in
76. Hypothesis: y 2
growth for paralegals is 16 more than the
Conclusion: 4y 6 2
percent increase in growth for detectives. If
the growth rate for paralegals is 86%, what is 77. Hypothesis: it is Friday
the growth rate for detectives? d 16 86; Conclusion: there will be a science quiz
70%” 78. 4(16 42) 4(16 16) Substitution; 42 16
67. C; b 15 32 4(1) Substitution; 16 16 1
b 15 2 32 2 4 Multiplicative
b 13 34 Identity; 4 1
4
73 Chapter 3
79. (25 52) (42 24) (32 25) (16 16) 4. 2g 84
2g 84
Substitution
2
2
7 0 Substitution
g 42
7 Additive Identity
Check: 2g 84
80. Replace x in 3x 2
2 with each value in the ?
replacement set. 2(42) 84
84 84 ✓
x 3x 2 2 True or False?
?
The solution is 42.
0 30 2 7 2S2 2 false t
5. 5
17t 2 7(5)
? 7
1 31 2 7 2S5 7 2 true ✓
7
?
2 32 2 7 2S8 7 2 true ✓ t 35
The solution set for 3x 2
2 is {1, 2}. Check:
t
5
7
81. Replace y in 2y2 1
0 with each value in the 35 ?
replacement set. 7
5
5 5 ✓
y 2y2 1 0 True or False?
The solution is 35.
?
1 2(1)2 1 7 0 S 1 7 0 true ✓ 6.
a
9
4
1 2 36149 2
36
? a
3 2(3)2 1 7 0 S 17 7 0 true ✓ 36 36
5
?
2(5)2 1 7 0 S 49 7 0 true ✓ a 16
a 4
Check: 9
The solution set for 2y2 1
0 is {1, 3, 5}. 36
16 ? 4
82. 14 83. 1 36
9
6 .5 7 0.3 4 4
2 .8 0.1 5 9
9 ✓
52 0 35 1 5 The solution is 16.
13 0 70 3 4 8
7. k 9
12 12
18.2 0 10.5 4 5 5
5 4 5 8
84. 7.12 85. 0.22 4 5
k 4
9
2.5

17.8

00 1.50.3 30 40 10
k 36 or 9
17 5 30
1
30 30 k 19
25 30 4 8
Check: k9
1 2
50 0 5
50 4 1 ? 8
1 9
5 9
0
8 8
1 1 1 9
9✓
2 5 2 5 5 3 5 3
86. 3
8 38 87. 9
10 9 10 1
The solution is 19.
4 3 2
12
5
6
1 8. 3.15 1.5y
3.15
1 2 1 5 8 4 8 15 1.5y
88. 2
5
2
2 89. 9
15

9 4
1.5 1.5
5 120 2.1 y

4 36 Check: 3.15 1.5y
1 10 ?
14 3 3.15 1.5(2.1)

1
33 3.15 3.15 ✓
1314 2p 212
The solution is 2.1.
9.
1134 2p 52
3-3 Solving Equations by Using
13 1 4 2
p 13 1 2 2
Multiplication and Division 4 13 4 5
Page 138 Check for Understanding 20

p 26 or 13
10
1314 2p 212
1. Sample answer: 4x 12
2. Dividing each side of an equation by a number is Check:
the same as multiplying each side of the equation
1314 211013 2 212
?
by the number’s reciprocal.

1 1
3. Juanita; to find an equivalent equation with 22 22 ✓
1n on one side of the equation, you must divide The solution is
10
.
1 13
each side by 8 or multiply each side by 8.
Chapter 3 74
Five times a number is 1

10. 123 120. 16. 1634 86s
123 14243 { 23
1634 86s
5 n 120 86
86
5n 120 19 s
5n 120
5
5 Check: 1634 86s
?
n 24 1634 86(19)
The solution is 24. 1634 1634 ✓
equals 24.
11. Two fifths of a number 1 The solution is 19.
1442443 { 14243 4243 123 b
24 17. 11
1 2 7(11)
2 n 7
5
2 b
n 24 7
12
5 7
5 2
n
5
2 (24) b 77
2 5 b
n 60 Check: 7
11
77 ?
The solution is 60. 7
11
12. Words: The discharge of a river is the width 11 11 ✓
times the depth times the speed. The solution is 77.
Variable: Let d the depth of the river. v
18. 5 45
1 v2
The discharge the the the
of a river is width times depth times speed.
144424443 { 123 123 123 123 123 5 5 5(45)
Equation: 3198 533 d 0.6
v 225
3198 533 d (0.6) v
3198 533(0.6)d Check: 5 45
3198 319.8 d
225 ?
45
3198 319.8d 5
319.8
319.8 45 45 ✓
10 d The solution is 225.
The Mississippi River is 10 m deep at this 19.
2
n 14
12
3
location.
3 2 3
2 3
n 2 (14)
n 21
Pages 138–140 Practice and Apply Check:
2
n 14
1212 14
3
13. 5r 55
2 ?
5r 55
5
5 3
r 11 14 14 ✓
Check: 5r 55 The solution is 21.
? 2
5(11) 55 20. g 14
12 1 2
5
55 55 ✓ 5 2
g
5
2 14
2 5
The solution is 11.
g 35
14. 8d 48 2
Check: g 14
1352 14
8d 48
8
8
5
2 ?
d6 5
Check: 8d 48 14 14 ✓
?
8(6) 48 The solution is 35.
48 48 ✓ 21.
g
12
5
1 2 241125 2
24
The solution is 6. g
24
15. 910 26a 24
910 26a g 10
26
26 g 5
Check: 12
35 a 24
10 ? 5
Check: 910 26a 24
12
?
910 26(35) 5 5
12 ✓
12
910 910 ✓
The solution is 10.
The solution is 35.
75 Chapter 3
22.
z
5
2
28. 1323 2x 512
1 2 45125 2 1113 2x 112
45
z
45 45
11 1 3 2
x 11 1 2 2
z 18 3 11 3 11
z 2
Check: 5
45 33 3
18 ? 2 x 22 or 2
45
5
1
x 12
1323 2x 512
2 2
5
5 ✓
The solution is 18. Check:
23. 1.9f 11.78
1323 21112 2 512
?
1.9f 11.78
1 1
1.9 1.9
52 52 ✓
f 6.2 1
Check: 1.9f 11.78 The solution is 12.
? 2
1.9(6.2) 11.78 29. 5h 33
11.78 11.78 ✓ 33
2
5h
1 2
5 5
24. 0.49k 6.272 11 1
0.49k 6.272
h 3 5
0.49
0.49 11
h
k 12.8 15
2
Check: 0.49k 6.272 Check: 5h 33
11115 2 323
?
0.49(12.8) 6.272 5
?
6.272 6.272 ✓ 2 2
The solution is 12.8. 33 33 ✓
11
25. 2.8m 9.8 The solution is 15
.
2.8m 9.8
2.8
2.8 30. 3p 45
1
m 3.5 45
1
3p
Check: 2.8m 9.8 3

? 3
2.8(3.5) 9.8 p
21 1

9.8 9.8 ✓ 5 3
21 7
The solution is 3.5. p 15
or 5
26. 5.73q 97.41 p
2
15
5.73q 97.41
5.73
5.73 Check: 3p 45
1
1 22
q 17 ? 1
3 15 45
Check: 5.73q 97.41
? 1 1
5.73(17) 97.41 45 45 ✓
97.41 97.41 ✓ The solution is 15.
2
The solution is 17.

1235 2t 22
31. First, solve 4m 10.
27. 4m 10
1135 2t 22 4m

10
13 1 5 2 t 13(22)
4 4
5
5 13 5 m 2
1
t
110
13 m 22
1
6
813 Now, replace m in 12m with 22.
1 12
t
Check: 1
25
3
2t 22 12m 12 22
12 1 2 2
1235 218136 2 22
5
?
30
22 22 ✓
6 The value is 30.
The solution is 813.
Chapter 3 76
32. First, solve 15b 55. 38. One and one third times a number is 4.82.
14444244443 123 1 44244 3 { 14243
15b 55 1 n 4.82
1 2
13
15b 55
15
15
1
13 n 4.82
11
b 4
n 4.82
12
3 3
2
b 33 3 4
n
3
4(4.82)
4 3
2
Now, replace b in 3b with 33. n 3.615
3b 3 1 2 2
33
31 3 2
39. The number of people in
11 left-handed people is one seventh of the world.
14444244443 { 1442443 { 14 42443
/ 1 p
11 7
1
The value is 11. The equation is / 7p.
Seven
33. 1
424 3 123 1
equals 84.
times a number 1 1
40. Replace p in 7p with 350 and solve.
442443 4243 123
7 n 84 1 1
p 7(350)
7n 84 7
7n 84 50
7
7 There are 50 left-handed people.
n 12 1
41. Replace in / 7p with 65 and solve.
The solution is 12.
1
Negative nine times a number is 117.
34. 1 / 7p
44424443 123 1 442443 { 123
1
9 n 117 65 7p
9n 117
9n 117
7(65) 7 117 2p

9 9 455 p
n 13 There are 455 people in the group.
The solution is 13. 42. Replace C in C d with 50 and solve.
35. One fifth of a number is 12. C d
14243 { 1 44244 3 { 123
1 n 12 50 d
5
50 d
1
n 12
12
5
5 1 5 15.9 d
1 5
n 1(12)
The diameter was about 16 feet.
n 60 43. Replace r with 126 and d with 60.5 in rt d and
The solution is 60. solve.
36. Negative three eighths times a number equals 12.
1444442444443 123 1 44244 3 14243 123 rt d
8
3 n 12 126t 60.5
126t 60.5
3
8n 12
1 32
126 126
8
3 8 n 3(12)
8 t 0.48
It takes about 0.48 second.
n 32
44. Replace r with 132 and d with 60.5 in rt d and
The solution is 32.
solve.
37. Two and one half times a number equals one and one fifth.
14444244443 123 1
44244
3 14243 14444244443 rt d
1 n 1
132t 60.5
1212 2n 115
22 15
132t 60.5
132
132
5
n 5
6 t 0.46
12 12
2
2 5 2 6 It takes about 0.46 second.
5 2
n 5 5
45. time for a time for a
12
n 25 two-seam fastball minus four-seam fastball
14444244443 1 424 3 14444244443
The solution is
12
. 0.48 0.46
25
0.48 0.46 0.02
The difference is about 0.02 second.
77 Chapter 3
46. the number of The side length of each square is 4 inches.

eight
123
times
123
grams of hydrogen
14444244443 Area is side length squared.
123 { 144424443
8 x A 42
The expression for oxygen is 8x. 2
A4
47. Number of grams number of grams number of grams A 16
of hydrogen plus of oxygen equals of water.
14444244443 123 14444244443
14243 14444244443 The area of the square is 16 in2.
x 8x 477
53. A; 4t 20
The equation is x 8x 477.
4t 20
48. Solve x 8x 477 2
2
x 8x 477 2t 10
(1 8)x 477
9x 477
9x

9 9
54. m 14 81
x 53
m 14 14 81 14
There are 53 grams of hydrogen. m 67
49. Replace x in 8x with 53. Check: m 14 81
8x 8(53) ?
67 14 81
424 81 81 ✓
There are 424 grams of oxygen. The solution is 67.
50. First, solve 6y 7 4. 55. d 27 14
6y 7 4 d 27 27 14 27
6y 7 7 4 7 d 13
6y 11 Check: d 27 14
6y 11 ?
6
6 13 27 14
5 14 14 ✓
y 16
5
The solution is 13.
Now, replace y in 18y 21 with 16.
1 52
56. 17 (w) 55
18y 21 18 16 21 17 w 55
18 1 6 2 21
17 w 17 55 17
11
w 72
33 21 Check: 17 1w2 55
17 31722 4 55
?
12
The value is 12. 55 55 ✓
51. You can use the distance formula and the speed of The solution is 72.
light to find the time it takes light from the stars 57. is equal the sum of
to reach Earth. Answers should include the Ten
123 times
123 a4
1 number
42443 a to43 {
142 5 times
1 23 14b2
and c.
443
following. 10 a 5 (b c)
• Solve the equation by dividing each side of the The equation is 10a 5(b c).
equation by 5,870,000,000,000. 58. (5)(12) 60
The answer is 53 years. 59. (2.93)(0.003) 0.00879
• The equation 5,870,000,000,000t 60. (4)(0)(2)(3) (0)(2)(3)
821,800,000,000,000 describes the situation (0)(3)
for the star in the Big Dipper farthest from (0)
Earth. 61.
52. C; 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
2 times 2 times 62.
Perimeter is length plus width. 654321 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1442443 { 14243 123 14243
48 2(5x) 2x 63.
48 2(5x) 2x 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1
48 10x 2x 64.
48 (10 2)x 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1
48 12x 65. Commutative Property of Addition
48 12x
12
12
66. Associative Property of Multiplication
4x 67. 2 8 9 16 9
25
68. 24 3 8 8 8
0
Chapter 3 78
3 3 2
69. (17 7) 8 (24) 7. p 18
12
8 3
72 3 2 3
8 2 3
p 2 (18)
9 p 27
15 9 6 2
70. 26 12
26 12 Check: 3
p 18
6 ?
38
2
18 (27)
3

3 18 18 ✓
19
The solution is 27.
8. 17y 391
Page 140 Practice Quiz 1 17y
17
391
1. Surface the square of 17
area
14243 equals
123 four
123 times
123
{
times
123 1the radius.
4424 43 y 23
S 4 r2 Check: 17y 391
?
The formula for the surface area of a sphere is 17(23) 391
S 4r2. 391 391 ✓
2. Replace r in 4r 2 with 7. The solution is 23.
4r2 4 (7)2 9. 5x 45
4 (49) 5x 45

4(49) 5 5
196 x 9
615.8 Check: 5x 45
The surface area is about 615.8 cm2. 5 (9) 45
?
3. d 18 27 45 45 ✓

d 18 18 27 18 The solution is 9.
d 45 2
10. 5 d 10
1 22
Check: d 18 27
? 5 5
45 18 27 2 5 d 2 (10)
27 27 ✓ d 25
The solution is 45. Check:
2
5 d 10
4. m 77 61 2 ?
m 77 77 61 77 5 (25) 10
m 16 10 10 ✓
Check: m 77 61 The solution is 25.
?
16 77 61
61 61 ✓
The solution is 16. Page 141 Algebra Activity
5. 12 a 36 1. Step 1 Model the equation.
12 a 12 36 12
a 24 x
Check: 12 a 36
1 1 1
12 1242 36
? x
36 36 ✓ 1 1 1
The solution is 24.
1 1 1
6. t (16) 9 1 1 1
t 16 9
t 16 16 9 16
t 7
Check: t (16) 9
? 2x 3 –9
7 (16) 9
99✓ Place 2 x tiles and 3 negative 1 tiles on one side of
The solution is 7.
of the mat.
79 Chapter 3
Step 2 Isolate the x term. Place 3 x tiles and 5 positive 1 tiles on one side of
x of the mat.
1 1 1 Step 2 Isolate the x term.
x
1 1 1 x 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 x 1 1 1 1
x 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 1
2x 3 3 –9 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
Since there are 3 negative 1 tiles with the x tiles, 1 1 1 1
add 3 positive 1 tiles to each side to form zero pairs.
Step 3 Remove zero pairs. 3x 5 5 14 5
Since there are 5 positive 1 tiles with the x tiles,
x add 5 negative 1 tiles to each side to form zero
1 1 1 pairs.
x Step 3 Remove zero pairs.
1 1 1
1 1
1 1
x 1 1 1 1
x 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
x 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2x –6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Group the tiles to form zero pairs and remove the 1 1 1 1
zero pairs.
Step 4 Group the tiles.
3x 9
Group the tiles to form zero pairs and remove the
zero pairs.
x 1 1 1 Step 4 Group the tiles.
x 1 1 1
x 1 1 1
x 1 1 1
2x
2
–6
2 x 1 1 1
Separate the tiles into 2 equal groups to match
the 2 x tiles. Each x tile is paired with 3 negative
1 tiles. Thus, x 3. 3x 9
3
3
x the 3 x tiles. Each x tile is paired with 3 positive
1 1 1 1 tiles. Thus, x 3.
x
1 1 1
x
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
3x 5 14
Chapter 3 80
3. Step 1 Model the equation. Separate the tiles into 3 equal groups to match
the 3 x tiles. Each x tile is paired with 4 positive
x 1 tiles. Thus, x 4.
1 1 1 4. Step 1 Model the equation.
x
1 1 1
x x
1 1 1
x
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1
3x 2 10
Place 3 x tiles and 2 negative 1 tiles on one side of
of the mat. 8 2x 4
Step 2 Isolate the x term. Place 2 x tiles and 4 positive 1 tiles on one side of
x of the mat.
1 1 1
x Step 2 Isolate the x term.
1 1 1
x x
1 1 1
1 1
1 1 1
x
1 1 1 1
1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
3x 2 2 10 2
1 1 1 1
Since there are 2 negative 1 tiles with the x tiles,
Step 3 Remove zero pairs. 8 4 2x 4 4
Since there are 4 positive 1 tiles with the x tiles,
x add 4 negative 1 tiles to each side to form zero
1 1 1 pairs.
x
1 1 1 Step 3 Remove zero pairs.
x
1 1
1 1 1 x
1 1 1
1 x
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1

1 1
3x 12
1 1 1 1
zero pairs. 1 1 1 1
12 2x
zero pairs.
x 1 1 1 1
x 1 1 1 1
x 1 1 1 1
3x
3
12
3
81 Chapter 3
Step 4 Group the tiles. Step 3 Remove zero pairs.
x 1 1 1
1 1 1 x
x 1 1 1
1 1 1 x
x 1 1

1 1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
x 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
–12
22x 4x 8
2
Separate the tiles into 2 equal groups to match zero pairs.
1 tiles. Thus, x 6.
x 1 1
x 1 1 1
x
1 1 1
x 1 1
x
x 1 1 1 x 1 1

1 1 1 1 1
x 1 1
4x 8
4
4
3 4x 11 Separate the tiles into 4 equal groups to match

Place 4 x tiles and 3 positive 1 tiles on one side of the 4 x tiles. Each x tile is paired with 2 positive
the mat. Place 11 positive 1 tiles on the other side 1 tiles. Thus, x 2.
of the mat. 6. Step 1 Model the equation.
x
x 1 1 1 x
x
1 1 1 1 1 1
x 1
x 1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
2x 7 1
3 4x 3 11 3 Place 2 x tiles and 7 positive 1 tiles on one side of
Since there are 3 positive 1 tiles with the x tiles, the mat. Place 1 positive 1 tile on the other side of
add 3 negative 1 tiles to each side to form zero the mat.
pairs. Step 2 Isolate the x term.
x
x
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
2x 7 7 1 7
Chapter 3 82
Since there are 7 positive 1 tiles with the x tiles, Step 2 Isolate the x term.
add 7 negative 1 tiles to each side to form zero
pairs. 1 1 1 x
Step 3 Remove zero pairs. 1 1 1 x
1 1 1
x
x 1 1 1 x
x 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
9 7 4x 7 7
1 1 1 1
Since there are 7 negative 1 tiles with the x tiles,
2x 6
Step 3 Remove zero pairs.
zero pairs. 1 1 1 x x
Step 4 Group the tiles. 1 1 1 x x
1 1 1
1 1 1 1

x 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
x 1 1 1
16 4x
zero pairs.
2x
2
–6
2 Step 4 Group the tiles.
1 1 1 1 x
1 tiles. Thus, x 3.
1 1 1 1 x
x
x 1 1 1 1 x
1 1 1 x
1 1 1 1 x
x
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 16
4
44x
1 1 1
1 the 4 x tiles. Each x tile is paired with 4 positive
1 tiles. Thus, x 4.
9 4x 7 8. Step 1 Model the equation.
Place 4 x tiles and 7 negative 1 tiles on one side of
the mat. Place 9 positive 1 tiles on the other side x
of the mat.
x
x 1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
7 3x 8
83 Chapter 3
Place 3 x tiles and 7 positive 1 tiles on one side of

the mat. Place 8 negative 1 tiles on the other side 3-4 Solving Multi-Step Equations
of the mat.
x 1. Sample answers: 2x 3 1, 3x 1 7
x 2. (1) Add 4 to each side. (2) Multiply each side by 5.
1 1 1
(3) Subtract 3 from each side.
x
1 1 1 3. Odd integers are two units apart. If we want to
1 1 1 1
1 1 signify the odd integer before odd integer n, we
1 1 1 need to subtract 2 units. Therefore, the
expression can be written as n 2.
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4a. Subtract 3 from each side.
1 1 1 1 1 1 4b. Simplify.
4c. Multiply each side by 5.
7 3x 7 8 7 4d. Simplify.
Since there are 7 positive 1 tiles with the x tiles, 4e. Subtract 4 from each side.
add 7 negative 1 tiles to each side to form zero
4f. Simplify.
pairs.
4g. Divide each side by 2.
Step 3 Remove zero pairs.
4h. Simplify.
x 5.Start at the end of the problem and undo each step.
1 1 1
x Undo the
1 1 1
x Statement Statement
1 1 The result is 55. 55
1 1 1 1
The product is added to 13. 55 13 42
1 1 1 1 A number is multiplied
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 by seven. 42 7 6
1 1 1 1 1 The number is 6.
6. Start at the end of the problem and undo each step.
3x 15
Statement Undo the Statement
Group the tiles to form zero pairs and remove the There are 2,187,000
zero pairs. bacteria on the seventh 2,187,000
Step 4 Group the tiles. day.
A bacteria population
1 1 1 triples in number 2,187,000 36 3000
x
1 1 each day.
1 1 1 There were 3000 bacteria.

x 7. 4g 2 6
1 1 4g 2 2 6 2
1 1 1 4g 4
x 4g 4

1 1 4 4
g 1
3x Check: 4g 2 6
3
–15
3 ?
4(1) 2 6
?
Separate the tiles into 3 equal groups to match 4 2 6
the 3 x tiles. Each x tile is paired with 5 negative 6 6 ✓
1 tiles. Thus, x 5.
The solution is 1.
9. First add 12 to each side, and then divide each
8. 18 5p 3
side by 7.
18 3 5p 3 3
15 5p
15 5p
5
5
3p
Chapter 3 84
Check: 18 5p 3 13. Twelve 34.

123 decreased
144244by 3 twice a number equals
? 1442443 123 1 23
18 5(3) 3 12 2n 34
?
18 15 3 12 2n 34
?
18 18 ✓ 12 2n 12 34 12
The solution is 3. 2n 46
2n 46
9.
3
a 8 11 2
2
2
3
a 8 8 11 8 n 23
2
3
The solution is 23.
a 19
12
2 14. Let n the least integer.
2 3 2
3 2
a 3(19) Then n 1 the next greater integer, and
38 n 2 the greatest of the three integers.
a 3
The sum of three consecutive integers is 42.
2 1444444442444444443 { {
a 123
n (n 1) (n 2) 42
3
Check: a 8 11 n (n 1) (n 2) 42
1 2 8 11
2
3 2 ? 3n 3 42
123
2 3n 3 3 42 3
?
19 8 11 3n 39
11 11 ✓ 3n

39
2 3 3
The solution is 123. n 13
b 4
10. 17 n 1 13 1 or 14 n 2 13 2 or 15
1 2 2(17)
2
b 4 The consecutive integers are 13, 14, and 15.
2 2
15. Let n the number of letters in the Hawaiian
b 4 34
alphabet.
b 4 4 34 4
The English alphabet 123
equals 2 more than twice the Hawaiian alphabet.
b 30 14444244443 { 14243 1444442444443
b 4 26 2 + 2n
Check: 17
2 26 2 2n
30 4 ?
2
17 26 2 2 2n 2
34 ? 24 2n
2
17 24 2n

17 17 ✓ 2 2
The solution is 30. 12 n

11. 0.2n 3 8.6 The Hawaiian alphabet has 12 letters.
0.2n 3 3 8.6 3
0.2n 5.6
0.2n 5.6
0.2
0.2 16. Start at the end of the problem and undo each step.
n 28 Statement Undo the Statement
Check: 0.2n 3 8.6 The result is 25. 25
?
0.2(28) 3 8.6 The quotient is added
?
5.6 3 8.6 to 17. 25 17 8
8.6 8.6 ✓ A number is divided
The solution is 28. by 4. 8 4 32
12. 3.1y 1.5 5.32
The number is 32.
3.1y 1.5 1.5 5.32 1.5
3.1y 6.82 17. Start at the end of the problem and undo each
3.1y 6.82
step.
3.1
3.1
y 2.2
The result is 75. 75
Check: 3.1y 1.5 5.32
? The difference is
3.1(2.2) 1.5 5.32 multiplied by 5. 75 5 15
?
6.82 1.5 5.32 Nine is subtracted
5.32 5.32 ✓ from a number. 15 9 24
The number is 24.
85 Chapter 3
18. Start at the end of the problem and undo each 21. Start at the end of the problem and undo each step.
step.
Statement Undo the Statement He had $13.45 left. $13.45
The fourth question is He bought lunch for
worth $6000. $6000 $6.55. $13.45 $6.55 $20
The fourth question is He spent half for a
worth twice as much $6000 2 $3000 haircut. $20 2 $40
as the third question. He spent one third for 3
The third question is $40 2 $60
gasoline.
worth twice as much $3000 2 $1500
as the second question. He withdrew $60.
The second question is Exercises 22–39 For checks, see students’ work.
worth twice as much $1500 2 $750 22. 5n 6 4 23. 7 3c 11
as the first question. 5n 6 6 4 6 7 3c 7 11 7
5n 10 3c 18
The first question is worth $750. 5n 10 3c 18

19. Start at the end of the problem and undo each 5 5 3 3
step. n 2 c 6
Statement Undo the Statement 24. 15 4a 5
15 5 4a 5 5
After 8 hours, it
5 5 20 4a
weighs 16 of a pound. 20 4a
16
4
4
1 5 5
The sculpture lost its
2 16
2 8 5a
weight the 8th hour. 25. 63 7g 14
1
The sculpture lost 2 its
5
24
5 63 14 7g 14 14
8
weight the 7th hour. 49 7g
49 7g
1 5 5
The sculpture lost 2 its 4
22 7 7
weight the 6th hour. 7 g

c y
1
The sculpture lost 2 its
5
25 26. 3
57 27. 5
96
2
c y
weight the 5th hour.
3
5575 5
9969
1
The sculpture lost its 5 2 10 c
2
y
3
1 2 3(2) 1 2 5(3)
2 3 5
weight the 4th hour. c y
3 3
5 5
1
The sculpture lost 2 its 10 2 20
c 6 y 15
weight the 3rd hour. a p
1
28. 3 7
2 29. 9 4
5
The sculpture lost its
2
20 2 40 a p
3 3 2 3 9 959
weight the 2nd hour. 7 4
a p
1 7 5 4 14
1 2 7(5) 1 p2
The sculpture lost 2 its 40 2 80
a
weight the 1st hour. 7 7 4 4 4(14)
The sculpture weighed 80 lb. a 35 p 56
t m
20. Start at the end of the problem and undo each 30. 8
6 12 31. 5
6 31
step. Count the rungs from the top. t m
8
6 6 12 6 5
6 6 31 6
Statement Undo the Statement t m
6 25
1 2 8(6) 1 2 5(25)
She went into the 8 5
t m
building. 0 8 8
5 5
She climbed the t 48 m 125
remaining 4 rungs. 044 17 s
32. 10
1 2 4(10)
She went up 7 rungs. 4 7 11 4
17 s
She backed down 4 4
5 rungs. 11 5 6 17 s 40
She moved up 3 rungs. 639 17 s 17 40 17
She stood on the s 57
middle rung. 2(9) 1 19 s 57
1
1
The ladder has 19 rungs. s 57
Chapter 3 86
33.
3j (4)
12 Now, replace a in 5a 2 with 5.
3 4 6 (12)
6
3j (4) 5a 2 5(5) 2
6 6 25 2
3j (4) 72 27
3j (4) (4) 72 (4) The value is 27.
3j 76 41. First, solve 2x 1 5.
3j 76
3
3 2x 1 5
j
76 2x 1 1 5 1
3
2x 4
1
j 253 2x 4
2
2
34. 3d 1.2 0.9
x2
3d 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.2
3d 2.1 Now, replace x in 3x 4 with 2.
3d 2.1 3x 4 3(2) 4

3 3 64
d 0.7 2
35. 2.5r 32.7 74.1 The value is 2.
2.5r 32.7 32.7 74.1 32.7 42. Two-thirds
14243 of a number minus six is negative ten.
{ 14243 123 { { 1442443
2.5r 106.8
2
2.5r 106.8 n 6 10
2.5
2.5
3
2
r 42.72 3
n 6 10
2
36. 0.6 (4a) 1.4 3
n 6 6 10 6
0.6 (4a) 0.6 1.4 0.6 2
n 4
1 2 32(4)
4a 0.8 3
4a 0.8 3 2
2 3
n
4 4
a 0.2 n 6
p The solution is 6.
37. 7
0.5 1.3
43. Twenty-nine is thirteen added to four times a number.
p
0.5 0.5 1.3 0.5 1442443 { 14243 14243 123 123 14243
7 29 13 4 n
p
1.8 29 13 4n
1 2 7(1.8)
7
7
p 29 13 13 4n 13
7 16 4n
p 12.6 16 4n

38. 3.5x 5 1.5x 8 4 4
(3.5 1.5)x 5 8 4n

2x 5 8 The solution is 4.
2x 5 5 8 5 44. Let n the least odd integer.
2x 3 Then n 2 the next greater odd integer, and
2x
2
3 n 4 the greatest of the three odd integers.
2
The sum of three consecutive odd integers {is 51.
x 12 or 1.5
1 144444444424444444443 {
n (n 2) (n 4) 51
9z 4
39. 5
8 5.4 n (n 2) (n 4) 51
9z 4 3n 6 51
5
88 5.4 8
9z 4
3n 6 6 51 6
13.4 3n 45
1 2 5(13.4)
5
9z 4 3n 45
5 5 3
3
9z 4 67 n 15
9z 4 4 67 4 n 2 15 2 or 17 n 4 15 4 or 19
9z 63
The consecutive odd integers are 15, 17, and 19.
9z 63
9
9
z7
40. First, solve 3a 9 6.
3a 9 6
3a 9 9 6 9
3a 15
3a 15
3
3
a5
87 Chapter 3
45. Let n the least even integer. 49. Let x the length of the shortest side.
Then n 2 the next greater even integer, and Then x 2 the length of the next longer side,
n 4 the greatest of the three even integers. and x 4 the length of the longest side.
The sum of three consecutive even integers is 30. The sum of the three sides is 54.
1444444442444444443 { 123 1444442444443 { {
n (n 2) (n 4) 30 x (x 2) (x 4) 54
n (n 2) (n 4) 30 x (x 2) (x 4) 54
3n 6 30 3x 6 54
3n 6 6 30 6 3x 6 6 54 6
3n 36 3x 48
3n 36 3x 48
3
3 3
3
n 12 x 16
n 2 12 2 or 10 n 4 12 4 or 8 x 2 16 2 or 18 x 4 16 4 or 20
The consecutive even integers are 12, 10, The lengths of the sides are 16 cm, 18 cm, and
and 8. 20 cm.
46. Let n the least integer. a 7000
50. 9 2000
2
Then n 1 the next greater integer, a 7000
92 2 2
n 2 the next greater integer, and 2000
a 7000
n 3 the greatest of the four integers. 7
1 2
2000
The sum of four consecutive integers is 94. a 7000
1444444442444444443 { { 2000(7) 2000 2000
n (n 1) (n 2) (n 3) 94
14,000 a 7000
n (n 1) (n 2) (n 3) 94 14,000 7000 a 7000 7000
4n 6 94 21,000 a
4n 6 6 94 6
They can climb to about 21,000 ft.
4n 88
4n 88 51. 8 2/ 12
4
4 8 12 2/ 12 12
n 22 20 2/
n 1 22 1 or 23 n 2 22 2 or 24 20

2/
2 2
n 3 22 3 or 25
10 /
The consecutive integers are 22, 23, 24, and 25.
The person’s foot is about 10 in. long.
47. Let n the least odd integer.
52. See students’ work.
Then n 2 the next greater odd integer,
53. Let x the amount of sales.
n 4 the next greater odd integer, and
n 6 the greatest of the four odd integers. The monthly the amount
salary
1442443 plus
123 2% of of sales
{ { 1442443 { 123
is $2000.
The sum of four consecutive odd integers is 8.
1444444442444444443 { {
500 0.02 x 2000
n (n 2) (n 4) (n 6) 8
500 0.02x 2000
n (n 2) (n 4) (n 6) 8
500 0.02x 500 2000 500
4n 12 8
0.02x 1500
4n 12 12 8 12
0.02x 1500
4n 4 0.02
0.02
4n 4
x 75,000
4 4
n 1 Mr. Goetz must have $75,000 in sales.
n 2 1 2 or 1 n 4 1 4 or 3 54. Let the length of the rectangle.
n 6 1 6 or 5 The area the area of the area of
4
The consecutive odd integers are 1, 1, 3, and 5. of the square minus the rectangle is of the square.
1442443 123 1442443 { 5
{ { 1442443
48. Let x the number of miles driven in one day. 10 10 4/
4
5
(10 10)
Price of car cost per number cost for 4
per day plus mile times of4miles is one day.
10 10 4/ 5 (10 10)
14243 123 14 243 123 1 243 { 14243
4
14.95 0.10 x 60 100 4/ 5(100)
14.95 0.1x 60 100 4/ 80
14.95 0.1x 14.95 60 14.95 100 4/ 100 80 100
0.1x 45.05 4/ 20
0.1x 45.05
0.1
0.1
4/

20
4 4
x 450.5 /5
Ms. Jones can drive 450.5 mi. The length of the rectangle is 5 in.
Chapter 3 88
55. Never; Let n, n 2 be the even numbers, and 62. Step 1

p (5)
6
2
m, m 2 be the odd numbers.
p (5)
The sum of two the sum of two 2
6 66
consecutive consecutive p (5)
2
6 0
even numbers equals odd numbers.
1442443 123 1442443
n (n 2) m (m 2) Step 2 Press and choose 0, for solve.
n (n 2) m (m 2) Step 3 Enter ( ALPHA P ( ( ) 5
2n 2 2m 2 ) ) ⫼ ( ) 2 6.
2n 2 2 2m 2 2
2n 2m Step 4 Press ALPHA [SOLVE] to reveal the
2n

2m
solution. P 17.
2 2
r 0.8
nm 63. Step 1 0.7 6
r 0.8
Thus, n must equal m, so n is not even or m is not 0.7 0.7 6
0.7
odd. r 0.8
56. By using the length at birth, the amount of 0 6
0.7
growth each year, and the current length, you can Step 2 Press and choose 0, for solve.
write and solve an equation to find the age of the
Step 3 Enter ( ALPHA R 0.8 ) ⫼
animal. Answers should include the following.
• To solve the equation, subtract 8 from each 0.7. 6
side and then divide each side by 12. Step 4 Press ALPHA [SOLVE] to reveal the
• The alligator is about 93 or 10 years old.
2
solution. R 5.
57. B; 1
Fifteen minus three times a number equals negative twenty-two. 64. Step 1 4.91 7.2t 38.75
4243 123 123 123 14243 123 14444244443
15 3 n 22 4.91 7.2t 38.75 38.75 38.75
or 15 3n 22 7.2t 33.84 0
3
58. D; 5
a 19 16 Step 2 Press and choose 0, for solve.
3
5
a 19 19 16 19 Step 3 Enter 7.2 ALPHA T 33.84.
3 ALPHA
a 3 Step 4 Press [SOLVE] to reveal the
1 2 53 (3)
5
5 3 solution. T 4.7.
3 5
a
a 5
59. Step 1 0 11y 33 Page 148 Maintain Your Skills
65. 7t 91
Step 2 Press and choose 0, for solve. 7t 91
7
7
Step 3Enter 11 ALPHA Y 33.
t 13
Step 4 Press ALPHA [SOLVE] to reveal the Check: 7t 91
solution. Y 3. ?
w 2
40 7(13) 91
60. Step 1 5 91 91 ✓
Step 2 Press and choose 0, for solve. The solution is 13.
r
Step 3 Enter ( ALPHA W 2 ) ⫼ 66. 8
1 2 15(8)
15
r
5
4. 15 15
Step 4 Press ALPHA [SOLVE] to reveal the r 120

r
solution. W 18. Check: 15
8
h 120 ?
61. Step 1 6 12 7 8
15
6 6 12
h
6 8 8 ✓
7
h The solution is 120.
0 18 7
Step 2 Press and choose 0, for solve.

Step 3 Enter ( ) 18 ALPHA H ⫼ ( )
7.
Step 4 Press ALPHA [SOLVE] to reveal the
solution. H 126.
89 Chapter 3
2 1 3a 16
67. 3b 1 2 75. (3a 16) 4
114 2
4
2 3
3b 2 (3a 16)
3 2
2 3 b 1 2 3
2 2
3
1 2 3a 1 4 2 16 1 4 2
1 1
9
b4 3
4a 4
1
b 24 76.
15t 25
(15t 25) (5)
1 12
5
2 1
Check: 3b 1 2 (15t 25) 5
2 1 ?
3 2 4 1 2
1
1 2 15t 1 5 2 25 1 5 2
1 1
1 1
1 2 1 2 ✓ 3t (5)
1
The solution is 2 4. 3t 5
77. 17 9 17(10 1)
68. Words: The number of models in 1990 plus 18
17(10) 17(1)
equals the number of models in 2000.
170 17
Variable: Let m the number of models in 1990. 153
The number of the number of
models in 1990 1
plus
78. 13(101) 13(100 1)
23 18 equals models in 2000.
1442443 { 123 1442443
13(100) 13(1)
Equation: m 18 47 1300 13
The equation is m 18 47. 1313
69. Solve m 18 47.
1 12
79. 16 1 4 16 1 4 1 1
2
114 2
m 18 47
m 18 18 47 18 16(1) 16
m 29
16 4
There were 29 models in 1990. 20
70. There are two numbers divisible by 3, and there
1 12
80. 18 2 9 18 2 9 1 1
2
119 2
are 8 2 or 6 numbers not divisible by 3.
odds of divisible by 3 6
2 18(2) 18
3
1 36 2
38
The odds of spinning a number divisible by 3
81. the product
14444244443 of 5 and m, 1
plus
23 half
142of
43n
are 1:3.
1
71. There are four numbers equal to or greater than 5m 2
n
5, and there are 8 4 or 4 numbers less than 5. n
Thus, the algebraic expression is 5m 2 .
4
odds of equal to or greater than 5 4 82. the quantity 3 plus b 14243
14444244443 divided by {y
1
1 (3 b) y
The odds of spinning a number equal to or greater Thus, the algebraic expression is (3 b) y.
than 5 are 1:1. 83. {
3 times a 1
plus
123 { 23 the
144 square
4244of 43b
72. There are six numbers less than 7, and there are
3 a b2
8 6 or 2 numbers not less than 7.
6 Thus, the algebraic expression is 3a b2.
odds of less than 7 2
84. 5d 2d (5 2)d 85. 11m 5m (11 5)m
3
1 3d 6m
The odds of spinning a number less than 7 86. 8t 6t (8 6)t 87. 7g 15g (7 15)g
are 3:1. 14t 8g
6 6 1 88. 9f 6f (9 6)f
73. 7 3 7 3
3f
6
21 89. 3m (7m) [3 (7)]m

2
7 10m
2
3 2
74. 38
8
2 1
38
2
24
1
12
Chapter 3 90
3 1 1 3
Solving Equations with the Check: 4t 2t 4
1 12 11 12 2 34
8
3-5 ? 1
Variable on Each Side 3
8
1
4 12 2
3 3 ? 3 3
8
8 4 4
1a. Incorrect; the 2 must be distributed over both g 00✓
1
and 5. The solution is 1 2.
2(g 5) 22 7. 3(a 5) 6
2g 10 22 3a 15 6
2g 10 10 22 10 3a 15 15 6 15
2g 12 3a 9
2g 12
2
2
3a
3
9
3
g6 a3
The solution is 6. Check: 3(a 5) 6
?
1b. correct 3(3 5) 6
?
1c. Incorrect; to eliminate 6z on the left side of the 3(2) 6
equals sign, 6z must be added to each side of the 6 6 ✓
equation. The solution is 3.
6z 13 7z 8. 7 3r r 4(2 r)
6z 13 6z 7z 6z 7 3r r 8 4r
13 13z 7 3r 8 3r
13 13z
13
13
7 3r 3r 8 3r 3r
1z 7 8
The solution is 1. Since 7 8 is a false statement, this equation
has no solution.
2. If both sides of the equation are always equal, the
equation is an identity. 9. 6 3 5(d 2)
6 3 5d 10
3. Sample answer: 2x 5 2x 5
6 5d 7
4a. Subtract 6n from each side. 6 7 5d 7 7
4b. Simplify. 13 5d
4c. Add 13 to each side. 13

5d
5 5
4d. Simplify.
2.6 d
4e. Divide each side by 2.
Check: 6 3 5(d 2)
4f. Simplify. ?
6 3 5(2.6 2)
5. 20c 5 5c 65 ?
6 3 5(0.6)
20c 5 5c 5c 65 5c ?
15c 5 65 633
15c 5 5 65 5 66✓
15c 60 The solution is 2.6.
c 1 c
15c
15
60 10. 4
1 2 814c 2
15 8
c 1
c4 8 8
Check: 20c 5 5c 65 c 1 2c
?
20(4) 5 5(4) 65 c 1 c 2c c
?
80 5 20 65 1c
85 85 ✓ c 1 c
Check: 8
4
The solution is 4. 1 1 ? 1
3 1 1 3 8
4
6. 8
4t 2t 4 2 ? 1
3 1 1 1 3 1 8
4
8
4t 2t 2t 4 2t 1 1
3 3 3 4
4 ✓
8
4t 4
The solution is 1.
3 3 3 3 3
8
4t 8 4 8 11. 5h 7 5(h 2) 3
3
4t 8
9 5h 7 5h 10 3
1 2 43 198 2
5h 7 5h 7
4 3
3 4 t Since the expressions on each side of the equation
t2
3 are the same, this equation is an identity. The
1
statement 5h 7 5(h 2) 3 is true for all
t 12 values of h.
91 Chapter 3
12. 5.4w 8.2 9.8w 2.8 Exercises 16–39 For checks, see students’ work.
5.4w 8.2 9.8w 9.8w 2.8 9.8w 16. 3 4q 10q 10
8.2 4.4w 2.8 3 4q 10q 10q 10 10q
8.2 4.4w 8.2 2.8 8.2 3 14q 10
4.4w 11 3 14q 3 10 3
4.4w 11 14q 7
4.4
4.4
14q 7
w 2.5 14
14
Check: 5.4w 8.2 9.8w 2.8 1
q 2 or 0.5
?
5.4(2.5) 8.2 9.8(2.5) 2.8 17. 3k 5 7k 21
?
13.5 8.2 24.5 2.8 3k 5 7k 7k 21 7k
21.7 21.7 ✓ 4k 5 21
The solution is 2.5. 4k 5 5 21 5
13. D; Solve by substitution. 4k 16
4k 16
A 75 9t 5(4 2t) 4
4
?
75 9(5) 5[4 2(5)] k4
?
75 (45) 5[4 (10)] 18. 5t 9 3t 7
?
75 45 5[14] 5t 9 3t 3t 7 3t
120 70 8t 9 7
B 75 9t 5(4 2t) 8t 9 9 7 9
?
75 9(4) 5[4 2(4)] 8t 16
? 8t 16
75 (36) 5[4 (8)] 8
8
?
75 36 5[12] t2
111 60 19. 8s 9 7s 6
C 75 9t 5(4 2t) 8s 9 7s 7s 6 7s
?
75 9(4) 5[4 2(4)] s96
?
75 36 5[4 8] s9969
? s 3
39 5[4] 3 1
39 20 20. 4
n 16 2 8n
D 75 9t 5(4 2t) 3
n
1
16 8n 2 8n 8n
1 1
? 4
75 9(5) 5[4 2(5)] 7
? n 16 2
75 45 5[4 10] 8
7
?
30 5[6] 8
n 16 16 2 16
30 30 ✓ 7
n 14
1 2 87 1142
8
The answer is D. 8 7
7 8
n
n 16
1 2 3 1
Pages 152–154 Practice and Apply 21. 4
3y 4 3y
14a. Multiply each side by 10. 1 2 1 3 1 1
4
3y 3y 4 3y 3y
14b. Simplify.
1 1 3
14c. Distributive Property 4
3y 4
1 1 1 3 1
14d. Add 4 to each side.
4
3y 4 44
14e. Simplify. 1 1
3y 2
1 2 3112 2
14f. Divide each side by 6.
1
14g. Simplify. 3 3y
3
15a. Subtract v from each side. y 2
15b. Simplify. y 1 2
1
15c. Subtract 9 from each side.

22. 8 4(3c 5)
15d. Simplify. 8 12c 20
15e. Divide each side by 6. 8 20 12c 20 20
15f. Simplify. 12 12c
12 12c
12
12
1 c
Chapter 3 92
23. 7(m 3) 7 30.
3
y y 4 2y
1
2
7m 21 7 1 1
7m 21 21 7 21 2
y 4 2y
7m 28 1
y
1
y
1
4 2y 2y
1
7m 28 2 2
7
7 04
m4 Since 0 4 is a false statement, this equation has
24. 6(r 2) 4 10 no solution.
6r 12 4 10 31.
2
3 5b 11 5b
2
6r 8 10
2 2 2 2
6r 8 8 10 8 3 5b 5b 11 5b 5b
6r 18 4
3 5b 11
6r 18
4
6 6 3 5b 3 11 3
r 3 4
b 8
1 2 54(8)
1
25. 5 2 (x 6) 4 5
5 4
1 b
5 2x 3 4 4 5
1
b 10
2x 8 4 1 g
32. 4
(7 3g) 8
1
2x 8848 7 3 g
4
4g 8
1
2x 4
1 2 2(4)
7 3 g g g
4
4g 8 8 8
1
2 2x 7 7
4
8g 0
x8 7 7 7 7
26. 4(2a 1) 10(a 5) 4
8g 4 04
8a 4 10a 50 7
g 4
7
1 2 87 174 2
8
8a 4 10a 10a 50 10a 8 7
18a 4 50 7 8
g
18a 4 4 50 4 g 2
18a 54 1 1
33. 6
(a 4) 3(2a 4)
18a 54
18
18 1 2 2 4
6
a3 3a 3
a3
1 2 2 2 4 2
27. 4(f 2) 4f 6
a 3 3a 3a 3 3a
4f 8 4f 1
2a 3
2
3
4
4f 8 4f 4f 4f 1 2 2 4 2
8 0 2a 3 3 33
Since 8 0 is a false statement, this equation 1
2a 2
1 2 2(2)
has no solution. 1
2 2a
28. 3(1 d) 5 3d 2
3 3d 5 3d 2 a 4
3d 2 3d 2 34. 28 2.2x 11.6x 262.6
Since the expressions on each side of the equation 28 2.2x 11.6x 11.6x 262.6 11.6x
are the same, this equation is an identity. The 28 13.8x 262.6
statement 3(1 d) 5 3d 2 is true for all 28 13.8x 28 262.6 28
values of d. 13.8x 234.6
13.8x 234.6
29. 2(w 3) 5 3(w 1) 13.8
13.8
2w 6 5 3w 3
x 17
2w 1 3w 3
2w 1 3w 3w 3 3w 35. 1.03p 4 2.15p 8.72
w 1 3 1.03p 4 2.15p 2.15p 8.72 2.15p
w 1 1 3 1 3.18p 4 8.72
w 2 3.18p 4 4 8.72 4
w 2
3.18p 12.72
1
1 3.18p 12.72
3.18
3.18
w2
p4
93 Chapter 3
36. 18 3.8t 7.36 1.9t 2(n 2) 3n 13
18 3.8t 1.9t 7.36 1.9t 1.9t 2n 4 3n 13
18 1.9t 7.36 2n 4 3n 3n 13 3n
18 1.9t 18 7.36 18 n 4 13
1.9t 10.64 n 4 4 13 4
1.9t

10.64 n 17
1.9 1.9 n 17
t 5.6 1
1
37. 13.7v 6.5 2.3v 8.3 n 17

13.7v 6.5 2.3v 2.3v 8.3 2.3v n 2 17 2 or 19
16v 6.5 8.3 The consecutive odd integers are 17 and 19.
16v 6.5 6.5 8.3 6.5 43. Let n the least even integer.
16v 14.8 Then n 2 the next greater even integer, and
16v 14.8
16
16
n 4 the greatest of the three even integers.
v 0.925 Three
123 times
123 the
14 greatest
4244 equals twice
3 123 the least 1
1442443 plus
23 138.
23
38. 2[s 3(s 1) ] 18 3 (n 4) 2 n 38
2[ s 3s 3] 18 3(n 4) 2n 38
2[ 4s 3] 18 3n 12 2n 38
8s 6 18 3n 12 2n 2n 38 2n
8s 6 6 18 6 n 12 38
8s 24 n 12 12 38 12
8s 24 n 26

8 8 n 2 26 2 or 28 n 4 26 4 or 30
s3 The consecutive even integers are 26, 28, and 30.
39. 3(2n 5) 0.5(12n 30) 44. 0.8(220 a) 152
6n 15 6n 15 176 0.8a 152
Since the expressions on each side of the equation 176 0.8a 176 152 176
are the same, this equation is an identity. The 0.8a 24
statement 3(2n 5) 0.5(12n 30) is true 0.8a 24
0.8
0.8
for all values of n.
40. One half of increased two thirds of a 30
a number by
14243 14243
16
123
is
{
the number minus
144244 3 123
4.
{
The age is 30 years.
1 1
1
2
n 16
2
3
n 4 45. 22 1 4(x 2)
1 2 1 1 1
2
n 16 3n 4 22 1 4x 2
1 2 2 2 1 1 1
2
n 16 3n 3n 4 3n 22 2 4x
1 1 1 1 1 1
6n 16 4 22 2 2 4x 2
1 1
6n 16 16 4 16 2 4x
1
6n 20 11 2
4(2) 4 4x
1 1
6 6n 6(20) 2 8x
n 120 The name is 8-penny.
41. The sum of one half one third of 46. 4.9 0.275x 2.5 0.7x
of a44244
number and 6 equals the number. 4.9 0.275x 0.7x 2.5 0.7x 0.7x
14 443 123 14 424 43 4.9 0.425x 2.5
1 1
2
n6 3
n 4.9 0.425x 4.9 2.5 4.9
1 1 0.425x 2.4
2
n 6 3
n
0.425x 2.4
1 1 1 1 0.425
0.425
2
n 6 2n 3
n 2n
1
x 5.647
6 6n
1 2
It will take about 5.6 years.
1
6(6) 6 6n
36 n
42. Let n the lesser odd integer.
Then n 2 the greater odd integer.
Twice the greater three times the
odd integer is lesser number minus 13.
144424443 123 123 123 123
2(n 2) 3 n 13
Chapter 3 94
47. 2(3x 1) 2x 4(3x) 54.
x 3
2
1 2 7(2)
7
6x 2 2x 12x x 3
2 8x 12x 7 7
2 8x 8x 12x 8x x 3 14
2 4x x 3 3 14 3
2

4x x 11
4 4
1 55. 5 9w 23
2
x 5 9w 5 23 5
0.5 x 9w 18
3x 1 3(0.5) 1 or 2.5 9w
9
18
9
3x 3(0.5) or 1.5
w 2
The dimensions of the rectangle are 2.5 by 0.5,
and the dimensions of the square are 1.5 by 1.5. 56. Words: The number of Calories burned is
the number of Calories per minute
48. 0.60(10)(1000) 50(8)(tf 50)
times the number of minutes.
6000 400(tf 50)
Variables: Let C the number of Calories
6000 400tf 20,000 burned, and m the number of
6000 20,000 400tf 20,000 20,000 minutes.
26,000 400tf The number of the number of the number
400t Calories burned is Calories per minute times of minutes.
26,000 144 4244 43 123 144424443 123 14 424 43
f
400 400 Equation: C 4.5 m
65 tf The equation is C 4.5m.
The final temperature is 65F. 57. 150 4.5m
49. Sample answer: 3(x 1) x 1 150

4.5m
4.5 4.5
50. Set two expressions equal to each other and solve 100
the equation. Answers should include the following. 3
m
1
• The steps used to solve the equation are (1) 333 m
subtract 7.6x from each side, (2) subtract 6 1
It will take 333 minutes.
from each side, and (3) divide each side by 0.4.
• The number of male and female Internet users 58. The lowest value is 11, and the highest value is
will be the same in 2010. 17, so use a scale that includes those values.
Place an above each value for each occurrence.
• If two expressions that represent the growth
in use of two items are set equal to each other,

the solution to the equation can predict when
the number of items in use will be equal.
51. D; 8x 3 5(2x 1)
10 12 14 16 18 20
8x 3 10x 5
8x 3 10x 10x 5 10x 59. The lowest value is 19, and the highest value is
2x 3 5 28, so use a scale that includes those values.
2x 3 3 5 3 Place an above each value for each occurrence.
2x 8
2x 8
2
2

x 4
52. C; 5n 4 7(n 1) 2n 18 20 22 24 26 28
5n 4 7n 7 2n 60. 10 (17) ( 010 0 017 0 )
5n 4 5n 7 (10 17)
5n 4 5n 5n 7 5n 27
47
61. 12 (8) 12 (8)
Since 4 7 is a false statement, this equation has 12 8
no solution. ( 012 0 08 0 )
(12 8)
4
Exercises 53–55 For checks, see students’ work. 62. 6 14 6 (14)
( 014 0 06 0 )
2
53. 9
v 6 14 (14 6)
2 8
9
v 6 6 14 6
2
63. Sample answer: 1 and 3
v 20 1 3 4 is even, but 1 and 3 are odd.
1 2 92(20)
9
9 2 64. Sample answer: You could bake sugar cookies,
2 9
v
which do not require chocolate chips.
v 90
95 Chapter 3
3152 2 3 6 a 5
65.
3a2
87 7. 4
x 8. 45
15
b c
3(25) 3(x) 4(6) a(15) 45(5)
87
3x 24 15a 225
75
87 3x

24 15a

225
3 3 15 15
75
15 x8 a 15
5 9.
0.6

n
1.1 8.47
66. x(a 2b) y 2(5 2 8) 1 0.6(8.47) 1.1(n)
2(5 16) 1 5.082 1.1n
2(21) 1 5.082 1.1n
42 1 1.1
1.1
41 4.62 n
67. 5(x 2y) 4a 5(2 2 1) 4(5) 10. Let g represent the amount of gasoline needed for
5(2 2) 4(5) a 350-mile trip.
5(4) 4(5) 5 g
350
20 20 120
0 5(350) 120(g)
12 12 3 28 28 7 1750 120g
68. 15
15 3 69. 49
49 7 1750 120g
4 4 120
120
5 7 175
36 36 12 8 8 8 12
g
70. 60
60 12 71. 120
120 8 7
3 1
1412 g
5 15
The Lehmans need about 14.6 gallons.
108 108 9 28 28 14
72. 9
99 73. 42
42 14
12 2
1 3
12
3 ? 21
74.
16 16 8
40 8 75.
19 19 19
57 19 11. 2
14
40 57
?
5
2
3
1 3(14) 2(21)
42 42
3 21
Yes, the cross products are equal, so 2 14. Since
the ratios are equal, they form a proportion.
3-6 Ratios and Proportions 8 ? 12
12. 9
18
?
8(18) 9(12)
1. See students’ work. No, the cross products are not equal, so
8 12
18.
9
2. A ratio is a comparison of two numbers, and a The ratios do not form a proportion.
proportion is an equation of two equal ratios. 2.3 ? 3.0
13. 3.4
3.6
3. Find the cross products and divide by the value ?
with the variable. 2.3(3.6) 3.4(3.0)
4 ? 12 8.28 10.2
4. 33 2.3 3.0
11
?
No, the cross products are not equal, so 3.4
3.6.
4(33) 11(12) The ratios do not form a proportion.
132 132 14.
4.2 ? 1.68
2.24
4 12 5.6
Yes, the cross products are equal, so 11 33. Since ?
4.2(2.24) 5.6(1.68)
the ratios are equal, they form a proportion.
16 ? 8
9.408 9.408
5. 17
9 4.2 1.68
Yes, the cross products are equal, so 5.6 2.24.
?
16(9) 17(8) Since the ratios are equal, they form a proportion.
144 136 21.1 ? 1.1
15. 14.4
1.2
16 8
No, the cross products are not equal, so . ?
17 9 21.1(1.2) 14.4(1.1)
The ratios do not form a proportion.
25.32 15.84
2.1 ? 0.5
6. 3.5
0.7 No, the cross products are not equal, so
21.1 1.1
1.2.
14.4
? The ratios do not form a proportion.
2.1(0.7) 3.5(0.5)
5 ? 4
1.47 1.75 16. 2
1.6
2.1 0.5
No, the cross products are not equal, so 3.5
0.7
. ?
5(1.6) 2(4)
The ratios do not form a proportion. 88
Chapter 3 96
5 4 5 6
Yes, the cross products are equal, so 2 1.6. Since 30. 3
x 2
the ratios are equal, they form a proportion. 5(x 2) 3(6)
17. For each row in the table write the ratio of the 5x 10 18
number in the first column to the number in the 5x 10 10 18 10
871 498
fourth column. USA: 2116; USSR/Russia: 1278; 5x 8
5x 8
Germany:
374 180
; Great Britain: 638; 5
5
1182
8 3
France:
188 179 136
; Italy: 479; Sweden: 469 x 5 or 15
598
18. No; if two of these ratios formed a proportion, the 31. Let d represent the number of days needed to
two countries would have the same part of their earn $532.
medals as gold medals. 152

532
4 d
4 2 1 3
19. x 10
20. y 15 152(d) 4(532)
4(10) x(2) 1(15) y(3) 152d 2128
40 2x 15 3y 152d

2128
3y 152 152
40 2x 15
2
2 3
3 d 14
20 x 5y It will take 14 days.
6 x 20 n
21. 5
15 22. 28
21 32. Let h represent the number of hours needed to
drive 93 miles.
6(15) 5(x) 20(21) 28(n)
248 93
90 5x 420 28n
4 h
90 5x 420 28n
5
5 28
28 248(h) 4(93)
18 x 15 n 248h 372
248h 372
23.
6

7
24.
16
b
9
248
248
8 a 7
3 1
6(a) 8(7) 16(b) 7(9) h 2 or 12
6a 56 16b 63 1
It will take 12 hours.
6a 56 16b 63

6 6 16 16 33. Let d represent the scale length.
28 1 63 15
a 3
or 93 b 16
or 316 2.5
12
d
10
1 12
25. 0.19
n 2.5(12) 10(d)
30 10d
1(n) 0.19(12)
30 10d
n 2.28 10
10
2 8
26. 0.21
n 3d
2(n) 0.21(8) The wall in the blueprint is 3 in. long.
2n 1.68 34. Let h represent the actual height.
2n 1.68 2
2
2 1 3
1

n 0.84 64 h
1 1 2123 2
2.405 s
27. 3.67
1.88 1(h) 64
h 4 13 2
2.405(1.88) 3.67(s) 25 2
4.5214 3.67s
25 1
4.5214

3.67s h 6
or 46
3.67 3.67
1
1.23 s The car is 46 feet high.
7 z
28. 1.066
9.65
35. Let n represent the number of pets from
7(9.65) 1.066(z) a breeder.
3 n
67.55 1.066z 20
122
67.55 1.066z
1.066
1.066
3(122) 20(n)
63.37 z 366 20n
366 20n
29.
6
x
7
20
20
14 3
6(x 3) 14(7) 18.3 n
6x 18 98 You would expect about 18 animals.
6x 18 18 98 18
6x 116
6x 116
6
6
58 1
x 3
or 193
97 Chapter 3
36. Evaluate
2a 3b
with a 3, b 1, and c 5. 43. 5 9w 23
4b 3c
2(3) 3(1)
5 9w 5 23 5
2a 3b
4b 3c
4(1) 3(5)
9w 18
9w 18
6 3
4 15 9
9
9 w 2
19
m
9 44. 5
6 31
The value is 19.
m
5
6 6 31 6
37. Sample answer: Ratios are used to determine how
m
much of each ingredient to use for a given number 25
1 2 5(25)
5
of servings. Answers should include the following. m
5 5
• To determine how much honey is needed if you
use 3 eggs, write and solve the proportion m 125
z 7
2 3 45. 3
1 2 5(3)
3
, where h is the amount of honey. 5
h z 7
4 5 5
• To alter the recipe to get 5 servings, multiply z 7 15
1
each amount by 14. z 7 7 15 7
9 ? 18 z 8
38. D; 12
27
46. (7)(6) 42
1 8 2198 2 7272
?
9(27) 12(18)
243 216 47. 9
x 2
3 1
1 21 2 499
39. C; y
10 2 3 3
3 48. 7 7
y
10(3) y(2) 49. (0.075)(5.5) 0.4125
30 2y 50. 33 is thirty-three units from zero in the
30

2y negative direction.
033 0 33
2 2
15 y
y 3
51. 77 is seventy-seven units from zero in the positive
z 5 direction.
15
z 5
3
077 0 77
15(5) z(3) 52. 2.5 is two and five tenths units from zero in the
75 3z positive direction.
75 3z 02.5 0 2.5
3
3
53. –0.85 is eighty-five hundredths unit from zero in
25 z the negative direction.
|0.85| 0.85
54. The temperature is high when you enter the
Page 159 Maintain Your Skills house, but decreases to a lower constant
Exercises 40–45 For checks, see students’ work. temperature due to the air conditioner.
40. 8y 10 3y 2
8y 10 3y 3y 2 3y
Temperature
11y 10 2
11y 10 10 2 10
11y 12
11y 12
11
11
12 1
y 11 or 111 Time
41. 17 2n 21 2n 55. The base is 60, and the part is 18. Let p represent
17 2n 2n 21 2n 2n the percent.
17 21 a
100
p
b
Since 17 21 is a false statement, this equation 18 p
has no solution. 60
100
42. 7(d 3) 4 18(100) 60(p)
7d 21 4 1800 60p
7d 21 21 4 21 1800

60p
60 60
7d 25
7d 25 30 p
7
7 Eighteen is 30% of 60.
25 4
d 7
or 37
Chapter 3 98
56. The base is 14, and the part is 4.34. Let p Find the percent using the original number, 72, as
represent the percent. the base.
a p 36 r
b
100 72
100
4.34 p
14
100 36(100) 72(r)
3600 72r
4.34(100) 14(p)
3600 72r
434 14p 72
72
434 14p
14
14
50 r
31 p The percent of decrease is 50%.
Four and thirty-four hundredths is 31% of 14. 5. Find the amount of change. Since the new
amount is greater than the original, the percent
57. The base is 15, and the part is 6. Let p represent
of change is a percent of increase.
the percent.
a p 50 45 5
b
100
Find the percent using the original number, 45, as
6 p
15
100 the base.
5 r
6(100) 15(p) 45
100
600 15p 5(100) 45(r)
600 15p
15
15 500 45r
500 45r
40 p 45
45
Six is 40% of 15. 11 r
58. The base is 2, and the part is 8. Let p represent The percent of increase is about 11%.
the percent. 6. Find the amount of change. Since the new
a p
b
100 amount is greater than the original, the percent
8 p of change is a percent of increase.
2
100
16 14 2
8(100) 2(p)
800 2p
2p
the base.
800
2 r
2 2
14
100
400 p
2(100) 14(r)
Eight is 400% of 2. 200 14r
200 14r
14
14
3-7 Percent of Change 14 r

The percent of increase is about 14%.
7. The percent of change is a percent of decrease
Page 162 Check for Understanding because the new amount is less than the original.
1. Percent of increase and percent of decrease are Find the change.
both percents of change. If the new number is 150 120 30
greater than the original number, the percent of
Find the percent using the original number, 150,
change is a percent of increase. If the new
as the base.
number is less than the original number, the
30 r
percent of change is a percent of decrease. 150
100
2. Sample answer: If the original number is 10 and 30(100) 150(r)
the new number is 30, the percent proportion is 3000 150r
30 10 r
10
100 and the percent of change is 200%, 3000

150r
150 150
which is greater than 100%.
20 r
3. Laura; Cory used the new number as the base
The percent of decrease is 20%.
instead of the original number.
8. The tax is 6.5% of the price of the software.
because the new amount is less than the original. 6.5% of $39.50 0.065 39.50
Find the change. 2.5675
72 36 36 Round $2.5675 to $2.57 since tax is always
rounded up to the nearest cent. Add this amount
to the original price.
$39.50 $2.57 $42.07
The total price of the software is $42.07.
99 Chapter 3
9. The tax is 5.75% of the price of the compact disc. Find the percent using the original number, 25, as
5.75% of $15.99 0.0575 15.99 the base.
0.919425 7
100
r
25
Round $0.919425 to $0.92 since tax is always 7(100) 25(r)
rounded up to the nearest cent. Add this amount 700 25r
to the original price. 700 25r

$15.99 $0.92 $16.91 25 25
The total price of the compact disc is $16.91. 28 r

10. The discount is 25% of the original price. The percent of decrease is 28%.
25% of $45 0.25 45 16. The percent of change is a percent of decrease
11.25 because the new amount is less than the original.
Find the change.
Subtract $11.25 from the original price.
66 30 36
$45.00 $11.25 $33.75
The discounted price of the jeans is $33.75.
the base.
11. The discount is 33% of the original price. 36 r
100
33% of $19.95 0.33 19.95 66
6.5835 36(100) 66(r)
Subtract $6.58 from the original price. 3600 66r
3600 66r
$19.95 $6.58 $13.37 66
66
The discounted price of the book is $13.37. 55 r
12. Find the amount of change. The percent of decrease is about 55%.
40,478 22,895 17,583 17. Find the amount of change. Since the new
Write the equation using the original number, amount is greater than the original, the percent
22,895, as the base. of change is a percent of increase.
17,583
100
r 152 58 94
22,895
17,583 r Find the percent using the original number, 58, as
13. Find the percent by solving 22,895
100 . the base.
17,583 r
22,895
100 94
100
r
58
17,583(100) 22,895(r) 94(100) 58(r)
1,758,300 22,895r 9400 58r
1,758,300 22,895r
22,895
22,895
9400

58r
58 58
77 r 162 r
The percent of increase is about 77%. The percent of increase is about 162%.
18. Find the amount of change. Since the new
Pages 162–164 Practice and Apply of change is a percent of increase.
14. Find the amount of change. Since the new 40.2 13.7 26.5
amount is greater than the original, the percent Find the percent using the original number, 13.7,
of change is a percent of increase. as the base.
70 50 20 26.5 r
13.7
100
the base. 26.5(100) 13.7(r)
20 r 2650 13.7r
50
100 2650 13.7r
13.7
13.7
20(100) 50(r)
2000 50r 193 r
2000 50r The percent of increase is about 193%.
50
50
40 r because the new amount is less than the original.
The percent of increase is 40%. Find the change.
15. The percent of change is a percent of decrease 15.6 11.4 4.2
because the new amount is less than the original.
Find the change.
25 18 7
Chapter 3 100
Find the percent using the original number, 15.6, Find the percent using the original number, 9.8,
as the base. as the base.
4.2 r 2.3 r
15.6
100 9.8
100
4.2(100) 15.6(r) 2.3(100) 9.8(r)
420 15.6r 230 9.8r
420 15.6r 230 9.8r
9.8
9.8
15.6 15.6
27 r 23 r
The percent of decrease is about 27%. The percent of increase is about 23%.
20. Find the amount of change. Since the new 24. The percent of change is a percent of decrease
amount is greater than the original, the percent because the new amount is less than the original.
of change is a percent of increase. Find the change.
150 132 18 40 32.5 7.5
Find the percent using the original number, 132, Find the percent using the original number, 40, as
as the base. the base.
7.5 r
18
100
r
40
100
132
18(100) 132(r) 7.5(100) 40(r)
1800 132r 750 40r
750 40r
1800

132r
40
40
132 132
14 r 19 r
The percent of increase is about 14%. The percent of decrease is about 19%.
21. Find the amount of change. Since the new 25. The percent of change is a percent of decrease
amount is greater than the original, the percent because the new amount is less than the original.
of change is a percent of increase. Find the change.
90 85 5 25 21.5 3.5
Find the percent using the original number, 85, as Find the percent using the original number, 25, as
the base. the base.
3.5 r
5
100
r
25
100
85
5(100) 85(r) 3.5(100) 25(r)
500 85r 350 25r
350 25r
500

85r
25
25
85 85
6r 14 r
The percent of increase is about 6%. The percent of decrease is 14%.
22. The percent of change is a percent of decrease 26. Find the amount of change.
because the new amount is less than the original. 317,000,000 253,000,000 64,000,000
Find the change. Find the percent using the original number,
32.5 30 2.5 253,000,000, as the base.
Find the percent using the original number, 32.5, 64,000,000 r
253,000,000
100
as the base.
2.5 r 64,000,000(100) 253,000,000(r)
32.5
100 6,400,000,000 253,000,000r
2.5(100) 32.5(r) 6,400,000,000

253,000,000r
250 32.5r 253,000,000 253,000,000
250 32.5r 25 r
32.5
32.5 The percent of increase is about 25%.
8r
27. Find the change.
The percent of decrease is about 8%.
2,000,000 1,400,000 600,000
Find the percent using the original number,
2,000,000, as the base.
of change is a percent of increase. 600,000 r
12.1 9.8 2.3 2,000,000
100
600,000(100) 2,000,000(r)
60,000,000 2,000,000r
60,000,000 2,000,000r
2,000,000
2,000,000
30 r
101 Chapter 3
28. Let n the original number. Since 16% is a Round $0.43125 to $0.43 since tax is always
percent of increase, the new number is more than rounded to the nearest cent. Add this amount to
the original number. Therefore, 522 n the original price.
represents the amount of change. $7.50 $0.43 $7.93
522 n 16
n 100 The total price of the candle is $7.93.
(522 n)(100) n(16) 34. The tax is 6.25% of the price of the hat.
52,200 100n 16n 6.25% of $18.50 0.0625 18.50
52,200 100n 100n 16n 100n 1.15625
52,200 116n Round $1.15625 to $1.16 since tax is always
52,200 116n rounded to the nearest cent. Add this amount to
116
116
the original price.
450 n
$18.50 $1.16 $19.66
The original number is 450.
The total price of the hat is $19.66.
29. Let f the amount of fat is one ounce of regular
35. The tax is 6.75% of the price of the clock radio.
chips. Since 25% is a percent of decrease, the
amount of fat in regular chips is more than the 6.75% of $39.99 0.0675 39.99
amount of fat in reduced fat chips. Therefore, 2.699325
f 6 represents the amount of change. Round $2.699325 to $2.70 since tax is always
f 6 25 rounded to the nearest cent. Add this amount to
100
f the original price.
(f 6)(100) f(25) $39.99 $2.70 $42.69
100f 600 25f
The total price of the clock radio is $42.69.
100f 600 100f 25f 100f
600 75f 36. The tax is 5.75% of the price of the sandals.
600 75f 5.75% of $29.99 0.0575 29.99

75 75 1.724425
8f Round $1.724425 to $1.72 since tax is always
The least amount of fat in one ounce of regular rounded to the nearest cent. Add this amount to
chips is 8 grams. the original price.
30. Let n the number of internet hosts in 1996. $29.99 $1.72 $31.71
Since 1054% is a percent of increase, the number The total price of the sandals is $31.71.
of internet hosts in 1996 is less than the number of
37. The discount is 40% of the original price.
internet hosts in 2001. Therefore, 109,600,000 n
represents the amount of change. 40% of $45 0.40 45
109,600,000 n 1054 18
n
100 Subtract $18 from the original price.
(109,600,000 n)(100) n(1054) $45.00 $18.00 $27.00
10,960,000,000 100n 1054n
The discounted price of the shirt is $27.00.
10,960,000,000 100n 100n 1054n 100n
10,960,000,000 1154n 38. The discount is 20% of the original price.
10,960,000,000 1154n 20% of $6 0.20 6

1154 1154 1.20
9,497,400 n Subtract $1.20 from the original price.
The number of internet hosts in 1996 was about $6.00 $1.20 $4.80
9.5 million.
The discounted price of the socks is $4.80.
31. The tax is 5.5% of the price of the umbrella.
5.5% of $14 0.055 14
35% of $37.55 0.35 37.55
0.77
13.1425
Add this amount to the original price.
$14.00 $0.77 $14.77
$37.55 $13.14 $24.41
The total price of the umbrella is $14.77.
The discounted price of the watch is $24.41.
32. The tax is 7% of the price of the backpack.
7% of $35 0.07 35
33% of $24.25 0.33 24.25
2.45
8.0025
Add this amount to the original price.
$35.00 $2.45 $37.45
$24.25 $8.00 $16.25
The total price of the backpack is $37.45.
The discounted price of the gloves is $16.25.
33. The tax is 5.75% of the price of the candle.
5.75% of $7.50 0.0575 7.50
45% of $175.95 0.45 175.95
0.43125
79.1775
Chapter 3 102
Subtract $79.18 from the original price. x 1.24 22.6
1.24
100
$175.95 $79.18 $96.77
(x 1.24)(100) 1.24(22.6)
The discounted price of the suit is $96.77. 100x 124 28.024
42. The discount is 30% of the original price. 100x 124 124 28.024 124
30% of $79.99 0.30 79.99 100x 152.024
23.997 100x

152.024
100 100
x 1.52024
$79.99 $24.00 $55.99
The projected population of China is about 1.52
The discounted price of the coat is $55.99. billion people in 2050.
43. The discount is 20% of the original price. Let x the population in India in 2050.
20% of $120 0.20 120 Since 57.8% is a percent of increase, the
24 population in 2050 will be greater than the
Subtract $24 from the original price. population in 1997. Therefore, x 0.97 represents
$120 $24 $96 the amount of change.
x 0.97 57.8
The discounted price of the lamp is $96. 0.97
100
The tax is 6% of the discounted price of the lamp. (x 0.97)(100) 0.97(57.8)
6% of $96 0.06 96 100x 97 56.066
5.76 100x 97 97 56.066 97
Add this amount to the discounted price. 100x 153.066
100x 153.066
$96.00 $5.76 $101.76 100
100
The total price of the lamp is $101.76. x 1.53066
44. The discount is 30% of the original price. The projected population of India is about 1.53
30% of $70 0.30 70 billion people in 2050.
21 Let x the population in the U.S. in 2050.
Subtract $21 from the original price. Since 44.4% is a percent of increase, the
$70 $21 $49 population in 2050 will be greater than the
population in 1997. Therefore, x 0.27 represents
The discounted price of the dress is $49.
the amount of change.
The tax is 7% of the discounted price of the dress. x 0.27 44.4

7% of $49 0.07 49 0.27 100
3.43 (x 0.27)(100) 0.27(44.4)
Add this amount to the discounted price. 100x 27 11.988
100x 27 27 11.988 27
$49.00 $3.43 $52.43
100x 38.988
The total price of the dress is $52.43. 100x 38.988

45. The discount is 25% of the original price. 100 100
25% of $58 0.25 58 x 0.38988

14.50 The projected population of the U.S. is about 0.39
Subtract $14.50 from the original price. billion people in 2050.
$58.00 $14.50 $43.50 47. Since the projected population for China is 1.52
billion people, for India is 1.53 billion people, and
The discounted price of the camera is $43.50.
for the U.S. is 0.39 billion people, India will be
The tax is 6.5% of the discounted price of the
the most populous in 2050.
camera.
6.5% of $43.50 0.065 43.50
x P xy
2.8275 49. Always; x% of y 1 100 y
or P 100;
Round $2.8275 to $2.83 since tax is always y P xy
y% of x 1 100 x
or P 100
rounded up to the nearest cent.
Add this amount to the discounted price.
$43.50 $2.83 $46.33
The total price of the camera is $46.33.
46. Let x the population in China in 2050. Since
22.6% is a percent of increase, the population in
2050 will be greater than the population in 1997.
Therefore, x 1.24 represents the amount of
change.
103 Chapter 3
50. Find the amount of change and express this
change as a percent of the original number.
1
1 32
61. 9 4 9 3
1
1 42
4
Answers should include the following. 27
• To find the percent of increase, first find the 62. True; a2 5 17 a 63. False; 2v2 v 65
? ?
amount of increase. Then find what percent 32 5 17 3 2(5)2 5 65
the amount of increase is of the original ? ?
9 5 14 2(25) 5 65
number. ?
14 14 ✓ 50 5 65
• The percent of increase from 1996 to 1999 is 55 65
about 67%.
64. False; 8y y2 y 10
• An increase of 100 is a very large increase if ?
the original number is 50, but a very small 8 4 42 4 10
?
increase if the original number is 100,000. The 8 4 16 14
?
percent of change will indicate whether the 32 16 14
change is large or small relative to the 16 14
original. 65. True; 16p p 15p
51. B; Find the amount of change. ?
16(2.5) 2.5 15(2.5)
910 840 70 ?
40 2.5 37.5
Write the proportion using the original number, 37.5 37.5 ✓
840, as the base. Exercises 66–71 For checks, see students’ work.
70 r
840
100 66. 43 3t 2 6t
52. C; The discount is 30% of the original price. 43 3t 6t 2 6t 6t
43 3t 2
30% of $249.00 0.30 249.00
43 3t 43 2 43
74.70
3t 45
Subtract $74.70 from the original price. 3t 45

$249.00 $74.70 $174.30 3 3
t 15
67. 7y 7 3y 5
Page 164 Maintain Your Skills 7y 7 3y 3y 5 3y
a 3 4y 7 5
53. 45
15 4y 7 7 5 7
a(15) 45(3) 4y 12
15a 135 4y

12
15a 135 4 4
15
15 y 3
a9 68. 7(d 3) 2 5
54.
2
d
8
55.
5.22
48
t 7d 21 2 5
3 13.92
7d 23 5
2(d) 3(8) 5.22(48) 13.92(t) 7d 23 23 5 23
2d 24 250.56 13.92t 7d 28
2d 24 250.56 13.92t
2
2 13.92
13.92
7d

28
7 7
d 12 18 t d4
Exercises 56–58 For checks, see students’ work. 69. 6(p 3) 4(p 1)
56. 6n 3 3 57. 7 5c 23 6p 18 4p 4
6n 3 3 3 3 7 5c 7 23 7 6p 18 4p 4p 4 4p
6n 6 5c 30 2p 18 4
6n

6 5c

30 2p 18 18 4 18
6 6 5 5
2p 22
n 1 c 6 2p 22

58. 18 4a 2 2 2
18 2 4a 2 2 p 11
20 4a 70. 5 4 2(a 5)
20

4a 5 4 2a 10
4 4
5 14 2a
5a 5 14 14 2a 14
2 2 1 4 2 4 3
59. 5
4 54 60. 5 3 5 2 19 2a
19 2a
20
2
10
12
2
2
10
1 6
5 or 1 5
1 9.5 a
Chapter 3 104
71. 8x 4 10x 50 5. 7 2(w 1) 2w 9
8x 4 10x 10x 50 10x 7 2w 2 2w 9
18x 4 50 2w 9 2w 9
18x 4 4 50 4 Since the expressions on each side of the equation
18x 54 are the same, this equation is an identity. The
18x
18
54 statement 7 2(w 1) 2w 9 is true for all
18
values of w.
x3
6. 8(4 9r) 7(2 11r)
32 72r 14 77r
32 72r 77r 14 77r 77r
Page 164 Practice Quiz 2 5r 32 14
1. 3x 7 18 5r 32 32 14 32
3x 7 7 18 7 5r 18
3x 25 5r 18
3x 25 5
5
3
3 18
25 1 r 5
or 3.6
x 3 or 8 3
Check: 8(4 9r) 7(2 11r)
3x 7 18
1 2
Check: ?
?
8[4 9(3.6)] 7[2 11(3.6)]
1
3 8 3 7 18 ?
8[4 32.4] 7[2 39.6]
? ?
25 7 18 8[36.4] 7[41.6]
18 18 ✓ 291.2 291.2 ✓
1 The solution is 3.6.
The solution is 8 3.
2 1 3 24
m 5 7. a 8.
2. 5 10 5 x
1 2
4
m 5 2(a) 10(1) 3(x) 5(24)
4(5) 4 4 2a 10 3x 120
20 m 5 2a

10 3x

120
20 5 m 5 5 2 2 3 3
25 m a5 x 40
y y 5
Check: 5
m 5 9. 4
8
4
? 25 5 y(8) 4(y 5)
5 4
? 20
8y 4y 20
5 4 8y 4y 4y 20 4y
55✓ 4y 20
4y 20
The solution is 25. 4
4
3. 4h 5 11 y5
4h 5 5 11 5 10. Find the amount of change.
4h 6 34 10 24
4h 6
4
4 Find the percent using the original number, 10, as
3
h 2 or 1.5 the base.
24 r
Check: 4h 5 11 10
100
?
4(1.5) 5 11 24(100) 10(r)
?
6 5 11 2400 10r
2400 10r
11 11 ✓ 10
10
The solution is 1.5. 240 r
4. 5d 6 3d 9 The percent of increase is 240%.
5d 6 3d 3d 9 3d
2d 6 9 Page 165 Reading Mathematics
2d 6 6 9 6 1. original number: 166 lb
2d 15 amount of change: 166 158 or 8 lb
2d 15
2
2
166 158
100
r
166
15
d 2
or 7.5 8
100
r
166
Check: 5d 6 3d 9 8(100) 166(r)
?
5(7.5) 6 3(7.5) 9 800 166r
?
37.5 6 22.5 9 800

166r
31.5 31.5 ✓ 166 166
5r
There was about a 5% decrease in Monsa’s weight.
105 Chapter 3
2. original number: 75 points 6. 4z b 2z c
amount of change: 94 75 or 19 points 4z b 2z 2z c 2z
94 75
100
r 2z b c
75
2z b b c b
19 r
75
100 2z c b
2z c b
19(100) 75(r)
2 2
1900 75r c b
1900 75r
z 2
75
75 c b
The value of z is 2 .
25 r
y a
7. c
1 2 3(c)
There was about a 25% increase in her score. 3
3. original number: 12 orders y a
3 3
amount of change: 18 12 or 6 orders
18 12 r
y a 3c
12
100 y a a 3c a
6
100
r y 3c a
12
The value of y is 3c a.
6(100) 12(r)
600 12r 8. p a(b c)
p a(b c)
600

12r
b c
b c
12 12
p
50 r b c
a
p
There was a 50% increase in production The value of a is b c. Since division by 0 is
undefined, b c 0 or b c.
9. mw t 2w 5
3-8 Solving Equations and Formulas mw t 2w 2w 5 2w
mw t 2w 5
mw t 2w t 5 t
Page 168 Check for Understanding mw 2w 5 t
1. (1) Subtract az from each side. (2) Add y to each w(m 2) 5 t
w(m 2) 5 t
side. (3) Use the Distributive Property to write
m 2
m2
ax az as a(x z). (4) Divide each side by x z. 5 t
wm2
2. t can be any number except 2.
5 t
1 The value of w is m 2. Since division by 0 is
3. Sample answer: For a triangle, area is 2 times the
undefined, m 2 0 or m 2.
product of the length of the base times the height 1 1
10. A 2bh 11. A 2bh
1 2
1
or A 2bh. Solve for b.
1 2 2 1
1 A 2(18) (7) (A) b 2bh
A 2bh b
11 2
A 63 2A
h
2A 2 2bh b
The area is 63 ft2.
2A bh 2A
12. h b
2A bh
h
h 2(28)
h 8
2A
b
h h7
2A
The value of b is h
. The height is 7 ft.
4. 3x b 6x
3x b 3x 6x 3x
b 9x Pages 168–170 Practice and Apply
b

9x 13. 5g h g 14. 8t r 12t
9 9
5g h 5g g 5g 8t r 8t 12t 8t
b
9
x h 4g r 4t
b h 4g r 4t
The value of x is 9. 4
4 4
4
5. 5a y 54 4
h
g 4
r
t
5a y y 54 y h r
5a 54 y The value of g is 4 . The value of t is 4.
5a 54 y
5
5
54 y 54 y
a 5 or 5
54 y
The value of a is 5 .
Chapter 3 106
15. y mx b 21.
3ax n
4
1 2 5(4)
5
y b mx b b 3ax n
y b mx 5 5
y b mx 3ax n 20
x
x
y b
3ax n n 20 n
x
m 3ax 20 n
y b 3ax 20 n
The value of m is x
. Since division by 0 is 3a
3a
undefined, x 0. 20 n n 20
x 3a or 3a
16. v r at
n 20
v r r at r The value of x is 3a . Since division by 0 is
v r at undefined, a 0.
v r at 5x y
22. 2
1 2 a(2)
t t a
v r 5x y
t
a a a
v r
The value of a is t . Since division by 0 is 5x y 2a
5x y
undefined, t 0.
2a
2 2
17. 3y z am 4y 5x y
a
3y z 4y am 4y 4y 2
5x y
7y z am The value of a is 2
.
7y z z am z by 2
23. c
1 2 3(c)
7y am z 3
7y am z by 2
3 3
7 7
y
am z by 2 3c
7 by 2 2 3c 2
am z
The value of y is 7 . by 3c 2
3c 2
by
18. 9a 2b c 4a b b

9a 2b 4a c 4a 4a 3c 2
5a 2b c y b
5a 2b 2b c 2b 3c 2
The value of y is b . Since division by 0 is
5a c 2b undefined, b 0.
5a c 2b 6c t
24. b
1 2 7(b)
5 5 7
c 2b 2b c 6c t
a 5 or 5 7 7
2b c
The value of a is 5 . 6c t 7b
6c t t 7b t
19. km 5x 6y
6c 7b t
km 5x 5x 6y 5x
6c 7b t
km 6y 5x 6
6
km 6y 5x 7b t
k
k c 6
6y 5x 7b t
m k The value of c is 6 .
6y 5x 3
The value of m is k
. Since division by 0 is 25. c 4y b
undefined, k 0. 3
c b 4y b b
20. 4b 5 t
3
4b 5 5 t 5 c b 4y
1 2
4b t 5 4 4 3
4b t 5 3
(c b) 3 4y
4
4 4
t 5 5 t 3
(c b) y
b 4
or 4 4
5 t
The value of y is 3(c b).
The value for b is 4 . 3
26. 5
m ab
3
5
m aaba
3
m ba
1 2 53(b a)
5
5 3
3 5
m
5
m 3(b a)
5
The value of m is 3(b a).
107 Chapter 3
n
27. S 2 (A t) 33. Five-eighths of one-half of
3 4
a number
14 42443 x is
{
another
14 44244number
43y plus
123 three.
123
2 2 n
(S) n 2 (A t) 5 1
n
8
x 2
y 3
2S
At 5 1
n
8
x 2
y 3
2S
t Att 5 1
n
8
x3 2
y 33
2S
t A 5 1
n x3 y
1 2 1 2
2S nt 8 2
A 5 1
n 2 8
x3 2 2y
2S nt
The value of A is . Since division by 0 is 5
n x6 y
undefined, n 0. 4
5
28. p(t 1) 2 The value of y is 4x 6.
p(t 1)2
34.
1
A 2h(a b)
3 4
p p
2
t1 p 2 2 1
(A) a b 2h(a b)
a b
2
t11 p 1 2A
h
a b
2
t p 1 35. hab
2A
2 p
t p 2(60)
h 8 12
2 p
The value of t is p .Since division by 0 is h6
undefined, p 0. The height is 6 meters.
29. at b ar c 36. S
w 10e
1 2
m
at b ar ar c ar w 10e
at b ar c m(s) m m
at b ar b c b ms w 10e
at ar c b ms w w 10e w
a(t r) c b ms w 10e
a(t r) c b ms w 10e
t r
t r 10
10
c b c b ms w
a t r or r t e
10
c b w ms
The value of a is r t . Since division by 0 is
10
e
undefined, r t 0 or r t. w ms
37. e 10
30. 2g m 5 gh
410 5(76)
2g m gh 5 gh gh e 10
2g m gh 5 e3
2g m gh m 5 m
Miguel made 3 errors.
2g gh 5 m
1.2W
g(2 h) 5 m 38. P
1 2
H2
g(2 h) 5 m
2 h

2 h
H2
(P)
H 2 1.2W
1.2
1.2 H2
5 m
g 2h H 2P
1.2
W
5 m
The value of g is 2 h . Since
division by 0 is H2P
39. W 1.2
undefined, 2 h 0 or h 2.
32 30
31. A number t 123
minus 1
five equals another number W
43r 1
plus six. 1.2
144244 3 23 123 1444244 23 1 23
t 5 r 6 W 225
t5 r6 The person weighs 225 lb.
t55 r65 40. Solve the formula for F.
t r 11 S F P
R
1 2
The value of t is r 11. S P
S F P
32. six times (S P)R (S P) S P
twice a another
Five minus
(S P )R S F P
3 number p 1424
equals3 number
1442443q 1plus one.
123 1
424 14243 23 1 23 (S P)R S S F P S
5 2p 6q 1
(S P)R S F P
5 2p 6q 1 (S P)R S P F P P
5 2p 5 6q 1 5 (S P)R S P F
2p 6q 4 F (S P)R S P
2p 6q 4
2
2
F (900 900)6 900 900
p 3q 2 or 2 3q F 9000
The value of p is 2 3q. 9000 grams of fuel should be loaded.
Chapter 3 108
41. Solve for h. Subtract $5.25 from the original price.
V r2h $15.00 $5.25 $9.75
V r2h The discounted price of the scarf is $9.75.
r2
r2
V 48. The discount is 15% of the original price.
r2
h
15% of $299 0.15 299
V
h r2 44.85
1202 22
5453
h
$299.00 $44.85 $254.15
The discounted price of the television is $254.15.
h 17.4 2 5
49. a
The height of the container should be about 9
17.4 cm. 2(a) 9(5)
42. The area of the arrow is the sum of the area of 2a 45
the triangle with base 3s and height s and 2a

45
2 2
the square with side length s. 45
1 a 2
A 2(3s)(s) s2 1
3 a 222 or 22.5
A 2s2 s2 15 t
5 50. 32
8
A 2 s2
15(8) 32(t)
43. Equations from physics can be used to determine 120 32t
the height needed to produce the desired results. 120 32t
32
32
15
• Use the following steps to solve for h. (1) Use 4
t
the Distributive Property to write the 3
34 t or 3.75 t
1
equation in the form 195g hg 2mv2.
x 1 3
(2) Subtract 195 from each side. (3) divide 51. 8
4
each side by g. (x 1)(4) 8(3)
• The second hill should be 157 ft. 4x 4 24
44. B; First, solve 2x y 5 for x. 4x 4 4 24 4
2x y 5 4x 20
2x y y 5 y 4x

20
4 4
2x 5 y
x5
2x 5 y
2
2 52. Write each number as a decimal.
5 y
x 2
1
0.25
4
5 y
Now, replace x in 4x with . 1
0.5
15 2 y 2
2 3 4
4x 4 0.5 0.555555 p or about 0.56
2(5 y) 0.2 0.2
10 2y 0.2 6 0.25 6 0.5 6 0.56
45. C; A 2bh
1 The numbers arranged in order from least to
1 1
1 greatest are 0.2, 4, 3 4, 0.5.
A 2(16)(7)
A 56
25 2.23606797 p or about 2.2.
The area of the triangle is 56 m2.
3 3.0
2
3
0.666666 p or about 0.7.
Page 170 Maintain Your Skills 1.1 1.1
46. The discount is 20% of the original price. 0.7 6 1.1 6 2.2 6 3.0
20% of $85 0.20 85 The numbers arranged in order from least to
17 2
greatest are 3, 1.1, 25, 3.
Subtract $17 from the original price. 54. 2.18 (5.62) ( 05.62 0 02.18 0 )
$85 $17 $68 (5.62 2.18)
The discounted price of the camera is $68.00. 3.44
35% of $15 0.35 15
5.25
109 Chapter 3
1
1 32
55. 2 4 4 4
2 3 5. Amount of orange amount of orange amount of orange
juice in 10% juice plus juice in 100% juice equals juice in 40% juice.
144424443 123 144424443 123 144424443
0.10(6 p) 1.00p 0.40(6)
° ` ` ` ` ¢
3 2
4 4 The equation is 0.10(6 p) 1.00p 0.40(6).
134 24 2
6. 0.10(6 p) 1.00p 0.40(6)
0.6 0.1p p 2.4
1
0.6 0.9p 2.4
4 0.6 0.9p 0.6 2.4 0.6
2 2
56. 3 5 15 15
10 6 0.9p 1.8
1 2
0.9p 1.8
10 6 0.9
15 15 0.9
p2
2 quarts of pure orange juice
° ` ` ` ` ¢
10 6
15 15 7. Replace p in 6 p with 2.
11015 156 2
6p62
4
16 1 4 quarts of 10% juice
15 or 115
8. Let C the number of pounds cashews in the
57. Multiplicative Identity Property
mixture.
58. Symmetric Property of Equality
59. Reflexive Property of Equality Units(lb) Price per Unit (lb) Total Price
60. Substitution Property of Equality Walnuts 10 $4.00 4.00(10)
61. 6(2 t) 6(2) 6(t) Cashews c $7.00 7.00 c

12 6t Mixture 10 c $5.50 5.50(10 c)
62. (5 2m)3 (5)3 (2m)3 Price of price of price of
15 6m walnuts plus cashews equals mixture.
1424 3 123 1 424 3 123 1424 3
63. 7(3a b) 7(3a) (7)(b) 4.00(10) 7.00c 5.50(10 c)
21a (7b)
4.00(10) 7.00c 5.50(10 c)
21a 7b
2 2 2
40 7c 55 5.5c
64. 3(6h 9) 3(6h) 3(9) 40 7c 5.5c 55 5.5c 5.5c
4h 6 40 1.5c 55
65.
3
5(15
3
5t) 5(15) 5 (5t) 1 32 40 1.5c 40 55 40
1.5c 15
9 (3t) 1.5c 15
1.5
9 3t 1.5
66. 0.25(6p 12) 0.25(6p) 0.25(12) c 10

1.5p 3 10 pounds of cashews should be mixed with
10 pounds of walnuts.
4(1) 3(1) 4(1) 3(1) 4 112 2 43432
9.
3-9 Weighted Averages 11112
1 1
42
16

1. Sample answer: grade point average 3.56
2. The formula d rt is used to solve uniform Her GPA was about 3.56.
motion problems. In the formula, d represents 10. Let t the number of hours until the two cyclists
distance, r represents rate, and t represents time. are 15 miles apart.
3. Let d the number of dimes.
r t d rt
Number Value of Total First Cyclist 20 t 20t
of Coins Each Coin Value
Second Cyclist 14 t 14t
Dimes d $0.10 0.10d
Distance traveled distance traveled
Quarters d8 $0.25 0.25(d 8) by first cyclist minus by second cyclist equals 15.
1444244 43 123 1444244 43 123 123
4. 20t 14t 15
Quarts Amount of Orange Juice 20t 14t 15
10% Juice 6p 0.10(6 p) 6t 15
6t 15
100% Juice p 1.00p 6
6
40% Juice 6 0.40(6) t 2.5
The cyclists will be 15 miles apart in 2.5 hours.
Chapter 3 110
Pages 174–177 Practice and Apply 21. 40t 30t 245
11. 70t 245
70t 245
Number of Price per Total 70
70
Dozens Dozen Price 1
t 32
Peanut Butter 1
The trains will be 245 miles apart in 32 hours.
Cookies p $6.50 6.50p
Chocolate Chip 22. Let s the number of rolls of solid gift wrap sold.
Cookies p 85 $9.00 9.00(p 85) Rolls Price per Roll Total Price
12. Sales of the sales of the total Solid Wrap s $4.00 4.00s
peanut butter cookies plus chocolate chip cookies equals sales.
1444442444443 123 1444442444443 1
424
3 123 Print Wrap 480 s $6.00 6.00(480 s)
6.50p 9.00(p 85) 4055.50
Price of solid wrap 1
plus
23 price of print wrap 123
equals $2340.
The equation is 6.50p 9.00( p 85) 4055.50. 144424443 144424443 123
4.00s 6.00(480 s) 2340
13. 6.50p 9.00( p 85) 4055.50
6.5p 9p 765 4055.5 4.00s 6.00(480 s) 2340
15.5p 765 4055.5 4s 2880 6s 2340
15.5p 765 765 4055.5 765 2880 2s 2340
15.5p 4820.5 2880 2s 2880 2340 2880
15.5p 4820.5 2s 540
15.5
15.5 2s 540
2
2
p 311
s 270
311 doz peanut butter cookies were sold.
480 s 480 270 or 210
14. Replace p in p 85 with 311.
270 rolls of solid wrap and 210 rolls of print wrap
p 85 311 85 were sold.
226
23. Let p the number of pounds of the $7.28 coffee
226 doz chocolate chip cookies were sold. in the mixture.
15.
Units (lb) Price per Total Price
Number of Price per Unit (lb)
Ounces Ounce Value $6.40 coffee 9 $6.40 6.40(9)
Gold g $270 270g $7.28 coffee p $7.28 7.28p
Silver 15 g $5 5(15 g) $6.95 coffee 9p $6.95 6.95(9 p)
Alloy 15 $164 164(15)
Price of price of price of
16. Value of 43
gold plus value of silver equals value of alloy. $6.40 coffee plus $7.28 coffee equals $6.95 coffee.
14424 123 1442443 123 14424 43 1442443 123 1442443 123 14243
270g 5(15 g) 164(15) 6.40(9) 7.28p 6.95(9 p)
The equation is 270g 5(15 g) 164(15). 6.40(9) 7.28p 6.95(9 p)
17. 270g 5(15 g) 164(15) 57.6 7.28p 62.55 6.95p
270g 75 5g 2460 57.6 7.28p 6.95p 62.55 6.95p 6.95p
265g 75 2460 57.6 0.33p 62.55
265g 75 75 2460 75 57.6 0.33p 57.6 62.55 57.6
265g 2385 0.33p 4.95
265g 2385
265
265
0.33p 4.95
0.33
0.33
g9 p 15
9 oz of gold was used. 15 pounds of the $7.28 coffee should be mixed
18. Replace g in 15 g with 9. with 9 pounds of the $6.40 coffee.
15 g 15 9
6
6 oz of silver was used.
19.
r t d rt
Eastbound Train 40 t 40t
Westbound Train 30 t 30t
20. Distance traveled distance traveled
by eastbound train 123
144424443 plus by westbound train equals
144424443 123 23.
245
1
40t 30t 245
The equation is 40t 30t 245.
111 Chapter 3
24. Let w the number of gallons of whipping cream. 27. Let x the amount of 25% solution to be added.
Units Percent Total Amount of Amount of
(gal) Butterfat Butterfat Solution Copper Sulfate
Whipping 25% Solution x 0.25x
Cream w 9% 0.09w 60% Solution 140 x 0.60(140 x)
2% Milk 35w 2% 0.02(35 w) 30% Solution 140 0.30(140)
4% Milk 35 4% 0.04(35) Amount of amount of amount of
copper sulfate copper sulfate copper sulfate
Amount of
in 25% solution 123
1442443 plus in 60% solution 123
1442443 equals in 30% solution.
1442443
butterfat in amount of amount of
0.25x 0.60(140 x) 0.30(140)
whipping butterfat butterfat
cream plus in 2% milk equals in 4% milk. 0.25x 0.60(140 x) 0.30(140)
14243 123 144244 3 123 1 44 244 3 0.25x 84 0.60x 42
0.09w 0.02(35 w) 0.04(35) 84 0.35x 42
0.09w 0.02(35 w) 0.04(35) 84 0.35x 84 42 84
0.09w 0.7 0.02w 1.4 0.35x 42
0.07w 0.7 1.4 0.35x 42
0.35
0.07w 0.7 0.7 1.4 0.7 0.35
0.07w 0.7 x 120
0.07w 0.7 140 x 140 120 or 20
0.07
0.07
120 mL of 25% solution should be mixed with
w 10 20 mL of 60% solution.
35 w 35 10 or 25
28. Let x the amount of 40% glycol to be added.
10 gallons of whipping cream should be mixed
with 25 gallons of 2% milk. Amount of Amount of
25. Let x the amount of 25% copper to be added. Solution Glycol
40% Glycol x 0.40x
Amount of Alloy Amount of Copper
60% Glycol 100 x 0.60(100 x)
25% Copper x 0.25x
48% Glycol 100 0.48(100)
50% Copper 1000 x 0.50(1000 x)
Amount of amount of amount of
45% Copper 1000 0.45(1000) glycol in glycol in glycol in
Amount of amount of amount of 40% solution 1
1442443 plus 60% solution 123
23 1442443 equals 1442443
48% solution.
copper in copper in copper in 0.40x 0.60(100 x) 0.48(100)
25% copper
plus
14243 123 50% copper
14243 123 14243 equals 45% copper. 0.40x 0.60(100 x) 0.48(100)
0.25x 0.50(1000 x) 0.45(1000) 0.40x 60 0.60x 48
0.25x 0.50(1000 x) 0.45(1000) 60 0.20x 48
0.25x 500 0.50x 450 60 0.20x 60 48 60
500 0.25x 450 0.20x 12
0.20x 12
500 0.25x 500 450 500 0.20
0.20
0.25x 50 x 60
0.25x 50
0.25
0.25 100 x 100 60 or 40
x 200 60 gallons of 40% antifreeze should be mixed with
1000 x 1000 200 or 800 40 gallons of 60% antifreeze.
200 g of 25% copper alloy should be mixed with 85(3) 92(3) 82(1) 75(1) 95(1)
29. 3 3 1 1 1
800 g of 50% copper alloy. 255 276 82 75 95

26. To find the average speed for each leg of the trip, 9
d 783
rewrite d rt as r t . 9
East South 87
d d
r t
r t The average grade is 87.

1000 1000
3 30. Let t the number of hours until the helicopter
2 reaches the trawler.
500 3333
1
r t d rt
1
or 500 miles per hour or 3333 miles
per hour Trawler 30 t 30t
You must find the weighted average. Helicopter 300 t 300t
1
500(2) 3333(3)
M
23 by trawler
144424443 plus
123 by helicopter
144424443 equals
123 1 660
42km.
43
2000
5 30t 300t 660
400
The airplane’s average speed was 400 mph.
Chapter 3 112
30t 300t 660 0.25(16 x) 1.00x 0.40(16)
330t 660 4 0.25x x 6.4
330t
330
660 4 0.75x 6.4
330
4 0.75x 4 6.4 4
t2 0.75x 24
The helicopter will reach the trawler in 2 hours. 0.75x 2.4
0.75
0.75
31. Let t the number of seconds until the cheetah
catches its prey. x 3.2
3.2 quarts of pure antifreeze must replace 25%
r t d rt
antifreeze solution.
Cheetah 90 t 90t
34. Let t the time the express train travels.
Prey 70 t 70t
r t d rt
by cheetah equals by prey plus 300 ft. Express Train 80 t 80t
1442443 123 1444442444443 14243 123
90t 70t 300 Local Train 48 t 2 48(t 2)
90t 70t 300 Distance traveled distance traveled
90t 70t 70t 300 70t by express train equals by local train.
144424443 123 144 424 443
20t 300
20t 300
80t 48(t 2)
20
20 80t 48(t 2)
t 15 80t 48t 96
The cheetah will catch the prey in 15 seconds. 80t 48t 48t 96 48t
32. Let t the number of seconds until the sprinter 32t 96
32t 96
catches his opponent. 32
32
r t d rt t3
Sprinter 8.2 t 8.2t The distance from Ironton to Wildwood is
Opponent 8 t1 8(t 1) 80t 80(3) or 240 km.
35. R [50 2000(C A) 8000(T A)
10,000(I A) 100(Y A)] 24
by sprinter equals by opponent.
1442443 14243 1444244 43 [50 2000(297 474) 8000(33 474)
8.2t 8(t 1) 10,000(16 474) 100(3937 474)] 24
8.2t 8(t 1) 98.0
8.2t 8t 8 Daunte Culpepper’s rating was about 98.0.
8.2t 8t 8t 8 8t 36. Sample answer: How many grams of salt must be
0.2t 8 added to 40 grams of a 28% salt solution to obtain
0.2t 8
0.2
0.2 a 40% salt solution?
t 40 37. A weighted average is used to determine a
Distance traveled by sprinter is 8.2t 8.2(40) or skater’s average. Answers should include the
328 meters. Therefore, the sprinter would not following.
catch his opponent in a 200-meter race. • The score of the short program is added to
33. Let x the amount of 100% antifreeze to be twice the score of the long program. The sum
added. is divided by 3.
4.9(1) 5.2(2)
• 1 2
5.1
Amount of Amount of
Solution Antifreeze 38. D; Interest Amount of
25% of Antifreeze 16 x 0.25(16 x) Amount Rate Interest
100% Antifreeze x 1.00x Amount at 4.5% d 4.5% 0.045d
40% Antifreeze 16 0.40(16) Amount at 6% 6000 d 6% 0.06(6000 d)
Amount of amount of amount of 39. C;
antifreeze antifreeze antifreeze r
d
t
in 25% in 100% in 40%
616
solution plus solution equals solution. 16 2
14243 123 14243 123 14243
616
0.25(16 x) 1.00x 0.40(16) 14
44 mph
113 Chapter 3
Page 177 Maintain Your Skills 46. (2b)(3a) 2(3)ab
40. 3t 4 6t s 6ab
3t 4 6t 6t s 6t 47. 3x(3y) (6x)(2y) 3(3)xy (6)(2)xy
3t 4 s 9xy 12xy
3t 4 4 s 4 (9 12)xy
3t s 4 3xy
3t s 4 48. 5s(6t) 2s(8t) 5(6)st 2(8)st
3
3
s 4 s 4
30st (16)st
t 3
or 3 30st 16st
41. a6
b 1 (30 16)st
1 2
4
b 1
46st
4(a 6) 4 4 49. The bold arrow on the left means that the graph
4a 24 b 1 continues indefinitely in that direction. The
4a 24 1 b 1 1 coordinates are {. . ., 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3}.
4a 25 b 50. The dots indicate each point on the graph.
42. The percent of change is a percent of decrease The coordinates are {0, 2, 5, 6, 8}.
because the new amount is less than the original.
Find the change.
25 14 11 Page 178 Spreadsheet Investigation
Find the percent using the original number, 25, as (Follow-Up of Lesson 3–9)
the base. 1.
11 r
25
100 16.95(56) 12.59(97) 10.75(124) 10.15(71) 11.25(69) 9.95(45)
56 97 124 71 69 45
11(100) 25(r) 949.20 1221.23 1333 720.65 776.25 447.75
56 97 124 71 69 45
1100 25r
5448.08
1100

25r 462
25 25
44 r 11.7923810
The percent of decrease is 44%. The average price was about $11.79.
17.95(56) 13.59(97) 11.75(124) 11.15(71) 12.25(69) 10.95(45)
43. Find the amount of change. Since the new 2. 56 97 124 71 69 45
1005.20 1318.23 1457 791.65 845.25 492.75
56 97 124 71 69 45
5910.08
42 35 7 462
Find the percent using the original number, 35, as 12.7923809

the base. The weighted average increases by $1.00 to about
7 r $12.79.
35
100
3. Multiply each price by 1.1.
7(100) 35(r) 18.65(56) 13.85(97) 11.83(124) 11.17(71) 12.38(69) 10.95(45)
700 35r 56 97 124 71 69 45
700 35r 1044.40 1343.45 1466.92 793.07 854.22 492.75
56 97 124 71 69 45
35 35
20 r
5994.81
462
The percent of increase is 20%. 12.9757792
44. Find the amount of change. Since the new The weighted average increased by 10% to about
amount is greater than the original, the percent $12.98.
4.
300 244 56 16.95(50) 12.59(50) 10.75(50) 10.15(50) 11.25(50) 9.95(50)
Find the percent using the original number, 244, 50 50 50 50 50 50
847.50 629.50 537.50 507.50 562.50 497.50
as the base. 50 50 50 50 50 50
56 r
244
100 3582
300
56(100) 244(r) 11.94
5600 244r The weighted average is $11.94.
5600 244r
244
244
16.95 12.59 10.75 10.15 11.25 9.95

71.64
6 6
23 r 11.94
The percent of increase is about 23%. The average of the per-pound coffee prices is $11.94.
2
45. The probability that the event will occur is 3, so The average of the prices per pound is the same
1
the probability that it will not occur is 3. as the weighted average if the same number of
2 1 pounds of each type are sold. This is because each
odds of event occurring 3:3 or 2:1
The odds that the event will occur are 2:1. price is multiplied by the same weight, and then
that weight is divided out.
Chapter 3 114
3 3
Chapter 3 Study Guide and Review 23. n 30 24. 5y 50
1 2 43(30) 1 2
4
4 3 5 3 5
3 4
n 3 5y 3(50)
Page 179 Vocabulary and Concept Check n 40 y
250 1
or 833
3
1. Addition 5 r
25. a 25 26. 52
1 2 25(25) 12r 2
2
2. ratio 2 5
3. different 5 2
a 2(5) 2
4. explore a 10 10 r
5. identity 27. 4p 7 5 28. 6 4v 2
6. 3x 2 4p 7 7 5 7 6 2 4v 2
4p 12 4 4v
7. increase 4p 12 4 4v
8. Dimensional analysis 4
4 4
4
9. weighted average p3 1v

y c
10. 8 and 9 29. 3
6 45 30. 4
8 42
y c
3
6 6 45 6 4
8 8 42 8
y c
Pages 179–184 Lesson-by-Lesson Review 51 34
1 2 3(51) 1 2 4(34)
3 4
11. Three times y c
3 3
4 4
a number n decreased by 21 is 57.
1442443 1442443 { { { y 153 c 136
3n 21 57 4d 5
31. 7
1 2 7(7)
The equation is 3n 21 57. 7
4d 5
12. three is equal 7 7
123 14243 14243z 14243

Four minus times to z decreased by 2.
{ 144424443 { 4d 5 49
4 3z z 2 4d 5 5 49 5
The equation is 4 3z z 2. 4d 44
4d 44
13. The sum of the square 4
4
of a and the cube of b is 16. d 11
1444442444443 { {
a2 b3 16 32.
7n (1)
8
1 2 8(8)
8
The equation is a2 b3 16. 7n (1)
8
14. 16 9r r 8
{ { { { {
7n (1) 64
Sixteen minus the product of 9 and a number r is equal to r.
7n (1) 1 64 1
Exercises 15–38 For checks, see students’ work. 7n 65
15. r 21 37 7n 65

r 21 21 37 21 7 7
r 16 n
65 2
or 97
7
16. 14 c 5 33. n 2 4 2n
14 c 14 5 14 n 2 2n 4 2n 2n
c 19 3n 2 4
17. 27 6 p 3n 2 2 4 2
27 6 6 p 6 3n 6
21 p 3n 6
3
3
18. b (14) 6
b (14) 14 6 14 n2
b 20 34. 3t 2(t 3) t
19. d (1.2) 7.3 3t 2t 6 t
d 1.2 7.3 t6t
d 1.2 1.2 7.3 1.2 t6ttt
d 8.5 6 0
20. 1 12
r 2 4
3 Since 6 0 is a false statement, this equation
1 12
has no solution.
1 3 1
r 2 2 4 2
1
r 4
21. 6x 42 22. 7w 49
6x 42 7w 49
6
6 7
7
x 7 w7
115 Chapter 3
5 1 6 9
35. 3 6y 2 6y 44. 8
s 4
5 1
3 6y 6y 2 6y 6y
1 1 6(s 4) 8(9)
6s 24 72
3y2
6s 24 24 72 24
3y323
6s 96
y 1 6s 96
y 1
1
1 6 6
s 16
y1
x 2 x 45. The percent of change is a percent of decrease
36. 2
1 2 612x 2
6 because the new amount is less than the original.
x 2
6 Find the change.
6
x 2 3x 40 32 8
x 2 x 3x x Find the percent using the original number, 40, as
2 2x the base.
2 2x 8 r
40
100
2 2
1 x 8(100) 40(r)
37. 2(b 3) 3(b 1) 800 40r
800 40r
2b 6 3b 3
40 40
2b 6 3b 3b 3 3b
20 r
b 6 3
b 6 6 3 6 The percent of decrease is 20%.
b 3 46. Find the amount of change. Since the new
b 3 amount is greater than the original, the percent
1
1
b 3 88 50 38
38. 8.3h 2.2 6.1h 8.8 Find the percent using the original number, 50, as
8.3h 2.2 6.1h 6.1h 8.8 6.1h the base.
2.2h 2.2 8.8 38 r
2.2h 2.2 2.2 8.8 2.2 50
100
2.2h 6.6 38(100) 50(r)
2.2h

6.6 3800 50r
2.2 2.2 3800 50r
h 3 50
50
39.
6
45
n
40.
x
55
35 76 r
15 11
The percent of increase is 76%.
6(45) 15(n) x (55) 11(35)
270 15n 55x 385 47. Find the amount of change. Since the new
270 15n 55x 385
15
15 55
55 of change is a percent of increase.
18 n x7 37.1 35 2.1
12 20 14 21
41. d
15 42. 20
m
the base.
12(15) d(20) 14(m) 20(21)
2.1 r
180 20d 14m 420 35
100
180 20d 14m 420
2.1(100) 35(r)
20 20 14 14
210 35r
9d m 30
210 35r
2 b 5
43. 3
9
35 35
6r
2(9) 3(b 5)
18 3b 15 The percent of increase is 6%.
18 15 3b 15 15 48. The tax is 6.25% of the price of the book.
3 3b 6.25% of $14.95 0.0625 14.95
3

3b 0.934375
3 3
Round $0.934375 to $0.93 since tax is always
1b
rounded to the nearest cent. Add this amount to
the original price.
$14.95 + $0.93 = $15.88
The total price of the book is $15.88.
Chapter 3 116
49. The discount is 20% of the original price. 55. Let r the speed of the slower airplane.
20% of $12.99 0.20 12.99 r t d rt
2.598
Slower Airplane r 3 r(3)
1r 8023
Faster Airplane r 80 3
$12.99 $2.60 $10.39
The discounted price of the T-shirt is $10.39. r132 1r 8023 2940
3r 3r 240 2940
50. 5x y
6r 240 2940
5x y
5
5 6r 240 240 2940 240
x5
y 6r 2700
6r 2700
y 6
6
The value of x is 5.
51. ay b c r 450
ay b b c b r 80 450 80 or 530
ay c b The speed of the slower plane was 450 mph, and
ay c b the speed of the faster plane was 530 mph.
a
a
c b
y a
The
c b
value of y is a .
Since division by 0 is Chapter 3 Practice Test
undefined, a 0.
52. yx a cx Page 185
yx a yx cx yx 1. number
a cx yx
2. every
a (c y)x
a (c y)x 3. greater than
c y
c y 4. The sum of twice x
a
c y
x and three times y 14243
144424443 is equal to 1
thirteen.
4243
a
x 2x 3y 13
y c
a The equation is 2x 3y 13.
The value of x is y c. Since division by 0 is
5. Two thirds of a number is negative eight-fifths.
undefined, y c 0 or y c. 14243 { 14243 { 144 4424 4443
2 8
2y a a 3b n
53. 3
4
3 5
2 8
4(2y a) 3(a 3b) The equation is 3 n 5.
8y 4a 3a 9b 6. 15 k 8
8y 4a 4a 3a 9b 4a 15 k 15 8 15
8y 7a 9b k 23
8y 7a 9b
Check: 15 k 8
8 8 ?
7a 9b 15 23 8
y 8 88✓
7a 9b
The value of y is 8
. The solution is 23.
54. Let x the number of pounds of the $7.28 coffee 7. 1.2x 7.2
1.2x 7.2
to be added.
1.2
1.2
Units Price per Total x 6
(lb) Unit (lb) Price Check: 1.2x 7.2
?
$8.40 Coffee 9 $8.40 8.40(9) 1.2(6) 7.2
$7.28 Coffee x $7.28 7.28x 7.2 7.2 ✓
$7.95 Coffee 9 x $7.95 7.95(9 x) The solution is 6.
8.40(9) 7.28x 7.95(9 x) 8. k 16 21
75.60 7.28x 71.55 7.95x k 16 16 21 16
75.60 7.28x 7.95x 71.55 7.95x 7.95x k 5
75.60 0.67x 71.55 Check: k 16 21
?
75.60 0.67x 75.60 71.55 75.60 5 16 21
0.67x 4.05 21 21 ✓
0.67x 4.05
0.67 The solution is 5.
0.67
x 6.04477612
About 6 lb of $7.28 coffee should be mixed with
9 lb of $8.40 coffee.
117 Chapter 3
9.
t 7
11 14. 5a 125
1 2 4(11)
4
5a 125
t 7
4 4
5 5
a 25
t 7 44
Check: 5a 125
t 7 7 44 7 ?
5(25) 125
t 51
t 7
125 125 ✓
Check: 11
51 7 ?
4
11 15.
r
3
2r
16
5 5
44 ?
4
11 r
3
2r

2r
16
2r
5 5 5 5
11 11 ✓ r
5 3 16
The solution is 51. r
3 5 3 3 16 3
10. y 27
1 2 43(27)
4 r
5 19
1 r2
4 3
3 4
y
y 36 5 5 5(19)
Check:
3
y 27 r 95
4 r 2r
3 ? Check: 3 16
4
(36) 27 5 5
95 ? 2(95)
27 27 ✓ 5
3 5 16
?
The solution is 36. 19 3 38 16
11. 12 7
y 22 22 ✓
3
y
The solution is 95.
12 7 7 7
3 16. 0.1r 19
y
19 3 0.1r
0.1
19
1 2
0.1
y
3(19) 3 3 r 190
57 y Check: 0.1r 19
?
Check: 12 7
y
0.1(190) 19
3
12 7
? 57 19 19 ✓
3
? The solution is 190.
12 7 19 2 4
17. 3z 9
1 2 1 42
12 12 ✓
3 2 3
The solution is 57. 2 3z 2 9
2
12. t (3.4) 5.3 z3
t (3.4) (3.4) 5.3 (3.4) 2 4
Check: 3z 9
12
t 8.7
2 2 ? 4
Check: t (3.4) 5.3 3 3
9
?
8.7 (3.4) 5.3 4
9
4
9 ✓
5.3 5.3 ✓
2
The solution is 8.7. The solution is 3.
13. 3(x 5) 8x 18 18. w 11 4.6
3x 15 8x 18 w 11 11 4.6 11
3x 15 8x 8x 18 8x w 6.4
11x 15 18 w

6.4
1 1
11x 15 15 18 15
11x 33 w 6.4
11x 33 Check: w 11 4.6
11
11 ?
6.4 11 4.6
x 3 4.6 4.6 ✓
Check: 3(x 5) 8x 18 The solution is 6.4.
?
3(3 5) 8(3) 18 19. 2p 1 5p 11
?
3(2) 24 18 2p 1 5p 5p 11 5p
6 6 ✓ 3p 1 11
The solution is 3. 3p 1 1 11 1
3p 12
3p 12
3
3
p4
Chapter 3 118
Check: 2p 1 5p 11 26. h at 0.25vt2
?
2(4) 1 5(4) 11 h 0.25vt2 at 0.25vt2 0.25vt2
?
8 1 20 11 h 0.25vt2 at
99✓ h 0.25vt2 at
t
t
The solution is 4. h 0.25vt2
a
20. 25 7w 46 t
h 0.25vt2
25 7w 25 46 25 The value of a is t
. Since division by 0 is
7w 21 undefined, t 0.
7w
7
21 27. a(y 1) b
7
ay a b
w 3 ay a a b a
Check: 25 7w 46 ay b a
?
25 7(3) 46 ay b a

? a a
25 (21) 46 b a
46 46 ✓ y a
b a
The solution is 3. The value of y is a .
Since division by 0 is
36 9 n 3.25
21. t
11 22. 4
52
undefined, a 0.
36(11) t(9) n(52) 4(3.25) 28. Let x the number of cups of espresso sold.
396 9t 52n 13 Cups Price per Cup Total Price
396 9t 52n 13
9
9 52
52 Espresso x $2.00 2.00x
44 t 1
n 4 or 0.25 Cappuccino 30 x $2.50 2.50(30 x)
5 10 2.00x 2.50(30 x) 178.50
23. x 1
12 2x 75 2.5x 178.50
5(x 1) 12(10) 4.5x 75 178.50
5x 5 120 4.5x 75 75 178.50 75
5x 5 5 120 5 4.5x 103.50
5x 125 4.5x 103.50
5x 125 4.5
4.5

5 5 x 23
x 25 30 x 30 23 or 53
24. The percent of change is a percent of decrease 23 cups of espresso were sold, and 53 cups of
because the new amount is less than the original. cappuccino were sold.
Find the change.
29. Let t the number of hours the Yankee Clipper
45 9 36 traveled.
the base. r t d rt
The Yankee Clipper 8 t 8t
1 2
36 r
45
100 1 1
36(100) 45(r) The River Rover 10 t2 10 t 2
1 2
3600 45r
1
3600 45r 8t 10 t 2
45
45
8t 10t 5
80 r
8t 10t 10t 5 10t
The percent of decrease is 80%. 2t 5
25. Find the amount of change. Since the new 2t 5
2
2
5
of change is a percent of increase. t 2 or 2.5
20 12 8 The River Rover overtakes The Yankee Clipper
Find the percent using the original number, 12, as 2.5 hours after 9:00 A.M. or at 11:30 A.M.
the base. 4 3 2 x
30. B; 5
4 54
8 r
12
100 12 2x
20
1 2 201202x 2
20
8(100) 12(r)
12
800 12r 20 20
800

12r 12 2x
12 12
12 2x
67 r 2
2
The percent of increase is about 67%. 6x
119 Chapter 3
9
Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice 10. F 5C 32
9
5(5) 32
Pages 186–187 9 32
1. C; P 2/ 2w 23
2(15) 2(6) The temperature is 23F.
30 12 11. There are five pairs of black socks, and there are
42 3 pairs of socks that are not black.
5
2. C; 65 percent is less than 100 percent, and 100 odds of black 3
percent equals 1. Therefore, 65 percent of 20 is
The odds of choosing a black pair are 5:3.
less than 1 times 20 or 20.
12. Let n age of the youngest sister.
3. B; From the bar graph we see that the plant is
about 4 cm tall at the end of the fifth week and Then n 1 age of the next oldest sister, and
growing about 1 cm a week. Therefore, at the end n 2 age of the oldest sister.
of the sixth week the plant’s height should be The sum of the ages of the three sisters {
1444444442444444443 is 39.
{
about 4 1 or 5 cm. n (n 1) (n 2) 39
4. D; Write each probability as a decimal. n (n 1) (n 2) 39
25% 0.25 3n 3 39
1 in 4 0.25 3n 3 3 39 3
1
0.20 3n 36
5
3n 36
0.3 0.30 3
3
0.20 6 0.25 6 0.30 n 12
Therefore, 0.3 is the greatest probability. n 1 12 1 or 13 n 2 12 2 14
5. A; Profit Revenue minus costs. The middle sister is 13 years old.
p 24.95n (0.8n 575) 13. Let x the number of miles Pete drove.
p 24.95n 0.8n 575 x
Then Tyson drove 65 miles.
1 2 500
p (24.95 0.8)n 575 2
x
6. D; 8(x 2) 12 x 2 65
8x 16 12 x
x 2 65 500
1 1
(8x 16) 4(12) 3
4
2
x 65 500
2x 4 3 3
x 65 65 500 65
7. C; Let x the amount needed for 27 servings. 2
3
8

x x 435
1 2 23(435)
6 27 2
2 3
8(27) 6(x) 3 2
x
216 6x x 290
216 6x
6
6
x
65
290
65
2 2
36 x 145 65
1
8. D; The sum of x and y is 0. 210
144424443 { {
Tyson drove 210 miles.
1
xy 0 14. 7(x 2) 4(2x 3) 47
x
1
0 7x 14 8x 12 47
y
1 1 1
15x 2 47
x y
y
0 y 15x 2 2 47 2
x y
1 15x 45
15x 45
x(xy 5) 2[2(3) 5] 15
9. 4
4
15
2[6 5] x3
2[1]
4 15. The discount is 45% of the original price.

2 45% of $22.95 0.45 22.95
4
1
10.3275
2 or 0.5 $22.95 $10.33 $12.62
The discounted price of the book is $12.62.
16. C; a and a are the same number of units from
zero, but in opposite directions. Therefore,
0a 0 0a 0 .
Chapter 3 120
17. B; 3x 7 10 Kirby’s pickup travels at 36 mph.
3x 7 7 10 7 15 mi x mi
60 min
3x 3 25 min
3x 3 15(60) 25(x)
3
3 900 25x
x1 900

25x
25 25
4y 2 6
4y 2 2 6 2 36 x
4y 8 Nola’s SUV travels at 36 mph. Both are traveling
4y 8 at 36 mph, and therefore, neither is exceeding the
4
4 speed limit.
y2 20a.
18. C; Find the amount of change.
Liters of Liters of
100 75 25 Solution Acid
Find the percent using the original number, 75, as 20% Solution 200 x 0.20(200 x)
the base.
25 r
80% Solution x 0.80x
75
100 50% Solution 200 0.50(200)
25(100) 75(r)
20b.
2500 75r
The amount of acid the amount of acid the amount of acid
2500 75r
75
75
in the 20% solution 1
144424443 plus in the 80% solution 123
23 144424443 equals 144424443
in the 50% solution
1 0.20(200 x) 0.80x 0.50(200)
33 3 r
The equation is 0.20(200 x) 0.80x 0.50(200).
1
The rate of increase from 75 to 100 is 33 3 %. 20c. 0.20(200 x) 0.80x 0.50(200)
Find the amount of change. 40 0.20x 0.80x 100
200 150 50 40 0.60x 100
Find the percent using the original number, 150, 40 0.60x 40 100 40
as the base.
0.60x 60
50 r
100 0.60x 60
150
0.60
0.60
50(100) 150(r) x 100
5000 150r
200 x 200 100 or 100
5000 150r
150
150 100 L of the 20% solution and 100 L of the 80%
1 solution are needed.
33 3 r
1
The rate of increase from 150 to 200 is 33 3 %.
19. Calculate the miles per hour rate for each
vehicle.
6 mi x mi
10 min
60 min
6(60) 10(x)
360 10x
360 10x
10
10
36 x
121 Chapter 3
PQ249-6481F-04[122-168] 31/7/02 10:59 PM Page 122 Sahuja Ahuja_QXP_06:Desktop Folder:
Chapter 4 Graphing Relations and Functions

Page 191 Getting Started 16. 2c b 2(3) (4)
1. 6 4
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2. 17. c 3a (3) 3(1)
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 3 (3)
3 3
3.
0
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2
18. 3a 6b 2c 3(1) 6(4) 2(3)
4.
3 24 (6)
2 1 2 11 1 1 0 1
1 11 2 21 27 6
2 2 2 2 2 2
5. 3(7 t) 3 7 3 t 21
1 1
21 3t 19. 8a 2b 3c 8(1) 2 (4) 3(3)
6. 4(w 2) (4)(w) 14)(2) 8 2 (9)
4w (8) 6 9
4w 8 3
7. 5(3b 2) (5)(3b) (5)(2) 2 2
20. 6a 8b 3c 6(1) 8(4) 3 (3)
15b (10)
15b 10 6 32 (2)
1 1 1 26 2
8. (2z 4) 2z 4
2 2 2 24
z2
9. 2x y 1
2x y 2x 1 2x 4-1 The Coordinate Plane
y 1 2x
10. x8y
xy8yy Page 194 Check for Understanding
xy8 1. Draw two perpendicular number lines. Label the
xyx8x horizontal line x since this is the x-axis, and label
y8x the vertical line y since this is the y-axis. Label
11. 6x 3y 12 the point where the two axes meet 0 since this
6x 3y 6x 12 6x is the origin. The axes divide the coordinate plane
3y 12 6x into four regions: the upper right region is
quadrant I, the upper left region is quadrant II,
13 (3y) 13 (12 6x) the lower left region is quadrant III, and the
y 4 2x or 2x 4 lower right region is quadrant IV.
12. 2x 3y 9 y
2x 3y 2x 9 2x
3y 9 2x II I
1
3
(3y) 13 (9 2x)
y 3 23x or 23x 3 O x
1
13. 9 y 4x
2 III IV
1
9 2
y 9 4x 9
1
2 y 4x 9
1 2
1
2. To graph (1, 4), move 1 unit left from the origin
2 2 y 2(4x 9) and 4 units up. This point is in quadrant II. To
y 18 8x graph (4, 1), move 4 units right from the origin
y 5 and 1 unit down. This point is in quadrant IV.
14. x2
1 2 3(x 2)
3
3. Sample answer: (3, 3) is in quadrant I since both
y 5
3 3 coordinates are positive; (3, 3) is in quadrant II
y 5 3x 6 since the x-coordinate is negative and the
y 5 5 3x 6 5 y-coordinate is positive; (3, 3) is in quadrant
y 3x 1 III since both coordinates are negative; (3, 3) is
in quadrant IV since the x-coordinate is positive
15. a b c (1) (4) (3)
and the y-coordinate is negative.
1 4 3
33
6
Chapter 4 122
4. • Follow along a vertical line through point E to 11. M(2, 2)

find the x-coordinate on the x-axis. The • Start at the origin.
x-coordinate is 2. • Move left 2 units since the x-coordinate is 2.
• Follow along a horizontal line through point E • Move down 2 units since the y-coordinate is 2.
to find the y-coordinate on the y-axis. The
• Draw a dot and label it M.
y-coordinate is 5.
8–11. y
• So, the ordered pair for point E is (2, 5). J
K
• Since both coordinates are negative, point E is
located in quadrant III.
5. • Follow along a vertical line through point F to
find the x-coordinate on the x-axis. The
x-coordinate is 1. O x
• Follow along a horizontal line through point F
to find the y-coordinate on the y-axis. The M
L
y-coordinate is 1.
• So, the ordered pair for point F is (1, 1).
• Since the x-coordinate is negative and the
12. Sketch the given figure on the coordinate plane
y-coordinate is positive, point F is located in
by plotting point A at (40, 10). From point A,
quadrant II.
move 40 units right and label point B. From point
6. • Follow along a vertical line through point G to B, move up 10 units and label point C. From point
find the x-coordinate on the x-axis. The C, move left 20 units and label point D. From
x-coordinate is 4. point A, move up 30 units and label point E.
• Follow along a horizontal line through point G y
E
to find the y-coordinate on the y-axis. The 40
y-coordinate is 4. 30
C
20
• So, the ordered pair for point G is (4, 4). D 10
• Since both coordinates are positive, point G is A B
–20 –15–10–10 O10 20 30 40 x
located in quadrant I. –10
7. • Follow along a vertical line through point H to –20
–30
find the x-coordinate on the x-axis. The
–40
x-coordinate is 4.
• Follow along a horizontal line through point H
to find the y-coordinate on the y-axis. The Point B has coordinates (0, 10), C(0, 20),
y-coordinate is 2. D(20, 20), and E(40, 40).
• So, the ordered pair for point H is (4, 2).
• Since both coordinates are negative, point H is
located in quadrant III.
8. J(2, 5) x- y-
• Start at the origin. Coordi- Coordi- Ordered Quad-
• Move right 2 units since the x-coordinate is 2. Point nate nate Pair rant
• Move up 5 units since the y-coordinate is 5. 13. N 4 5 (4, 5) II
• Draw a dot and label it J. 14. P 5 3 (5, 3) IV
(See coordinate plane after Exercise 11.) 15. Q 1 3 (1, 3) III
9. K(1, 4) 16. R 5 2 (5, 2) I
• Start at the origin. 17. S 3 3 (3, 3) II
• Move left 1 unit since the x-coordinate is 1. 18. T 2 0 (2, 0) none
• Move up 4 units since the y-coordinate is 4. 19. U 2 1 (2, 1) IV
• Draw a dot and label it K. 20. V 4 2 (4, 2) III
(See coordinate plane after Exercise 11.) 21. W 0 4 (0, 4) none
10. L(0, 3) 22. Z 3 3 (3, 3) I
• Start at the origin. 23. A point 12 units down from the origin has
• Since the x-coordinate is 0, the point will be y-coordinate 12. A point 7 units to the right of
located on the y-axis. the origin has x-coordinate 7. So, the ordered pair
• Move down 3 units since the y-coordinate is 3. is (7, 12).
• Draw a dot and label it L.
(See coordinate plane after Exercise 11.)
123 Chapter 4
24. A point 9 units to the left of the origin has 35. K(4, 0)
x-coordinate 9. A point that lies on the x-axis • Start at the origin.
has y-coordinate 0. So, the ordered pair is (9, 0). • Move left 4 units.
25. A(3, 5) • Since the y-coordinate is 0, the point is on the
• Start at the origin. x-axis.
• Move right 3 units and up 5 units. • Draw a dot and label it K.
• Draw a dot and label it A. (See coordinate plane after Exercise 36.)
(See coordinate plane after Exercise 36.) 36. L(2, 4)
26. B(2, 2) • Start at the origin.
• Start at the origin. • Move right 2 units and down 4 units.
• Move left 2 units and up 2 units. • Draw a dot and label it L.
• Draw a dot and label it B. 25–36. y
E A
(See coordinate plane after Exercise 36.) H G
27. C(4, 2)
• Start at the origin. B
I
• Move right 4 units and down 2 units.
K
• Draw a dot and label it C. O x
(See coordinate plane after Exercise 36.) D
28. D(0, 1) C
J
• Start at the origin. F L
• Since the x-coordinate is 0, the point is on the
y-axis.
37. Latitude lines run east and west. Sample answer:
• Move down 1 unit.
Louisville and Richmond.
• Draw a dot and label it D.
38. Longitude lines run north and south. Sample
(See coordinate plane after Exercise 36.) answer: Austin and Oklahoma City.
29. E(2, 5) 39. x- y- Ordered
• Start at the origin.
Artifact Coordinate Coordinate Pair
• Move left 2 units and up 5 units.
Coins 3 5 (3, 5)
• Draw a dot and label it E.
Plate 7 2 (7, 2)
Goblet 8 4 (8, 4)
30. F(3, 4)
Vase 5 9 (5, 9)
• Move left 3 units and down 4 units. 40. The Shapiro Undergraduate Library is in column
• Draw a dot and label it F. C and in row 5, so is located in sector C5.
(See coordinate plane after Exercise 36.) 41. The Natural Science, Chemistry, and Natural
Resources and Environment Buildings are in
31. G(4, 4)
column C and in row 4, so are located in sector C4.
42. E. Huron St. runs horizontally from sector A2 to
• Move right 4 units and up 4 units. sector D2.
• Draw a dot and label it G. 43. The four sectors that have bus stops are B5, C2,
(See coordinate plane after Exercise 36.) D4, and E1.
32. H(4, 4) 44a. xy 7 0 indicates that the product of x and y is
• Start at the origin. positive. This is true if both x and y are positive,
• Move left 4 units and up 4 units. placing (x, y) in quadrant I; it is also true if both
• Draw a dot and label it H. x and y are negative, placing (x, y) in quadrant III.
(See coordinate plane after Exercise 36.) 44b. xy 7 0 indicates that the product of x and y is
negative. This is true if x is positive and y is
33. I(3, 1)
negative, placing (x, y) in quadrant IV; it is also
• Start at the origin. true if x is negative and y is positive, placing
• Move right 3 units and up 1 unit. (x, y) in quadrant II.
• Draw a dot and label it I. 44c. xy 7 0 indicates that the product of x and y is 0.
(See coordinate plane after Exercise 36.) This is true if both x and y are 0, placing (x, y) at
34. J(1, 3) the origin; it is also true if x is 0, placing (x, y)
• Start at the origin. on the y-axis; it is also true if y is 0, placing (x, y)
on the x-axis.
• Move left 1 unit and down 3 units.
• Draw a dot and label it J.
Chapter 4 124
45. Archaeologists use coordinate systems as The distance traveled by each plane is the same.
mapping guides and as systems to record Write an equation.
locations of artifacts. Answers should include the 7r 2240
following. 7r 2240
7
7
• The grid gives archaeologists points of
r 320
reference so they can identify and explain to
others the location of artifacts in a site they The second plane must travel at 320 mph to
are excavating. You can divide the space so arrive on schedule.
more people can work at the same time in 52. 3x b 2x 5
different areas. 3x b b 2x 5 b
• Knowing the exact location of artifacts helps 3x 2x 5 b
archaeologists reconstruct historical events. 3x 2x 2x 5 b 2x
x5b
46. C
Vertex B is located 3 units right and 2 units up 53. 10c 2(2d 3c)
from the origin. Since the rectangle is centered at 10c 2 2d 2 3c
the origin, vertex A must be located 3 units left 10c 4d 6c
and 2 units up from the origin at (3, 2). 10c 6c 4d 6c 6c
4c 4d
47. B
4c 4d
Vertex A is 2 units above the x-axis and vertex D 4 4
is 2 units below the x-axis. So, the length of AD is cd
2 2 4 units. 54. 6w 3h b
48. Let (a, b) (7, 1) and (c, d ) (3, 1). 6w 3h 6w b 6w
1a 2 c, b 2 d 2 1 2 2
7 132 1 1 3h b 6w
, 2
1 42, 22 2
3h b 6w
3
3
6w b
h
(2, 1) 3
3(a t)
49. Let (a, b) (5, 2) and (c, d ) (9, 8). 2t
1 21 2
55.
3 4 4(2t)
4
a c b d 5 9 2 (8) 3(a t)
, 2 , 4
1 14 2 2
2 2 2 4
, 10 3(a t) 8t
2
3a 3t 8t
(7, 5)
3a 3t 3t 8t 3t
50. Let (a, b) (4, 4) and (c, d) (4, 4).
1a 2 c, b 2 d 2 14 2 4, 4 2(4) 2
3a 11t
3a 11t

1 2, 2 2
11 11
0 0 3a
11
t
(0, 0) 56. 181 represents the negative square root of 81.
81 92 S 181 9
Page 196 Maintain Your Skills for 163.
51. Since the first airplane traveled 2240 mi at
280 mph, substitute d 2240 and r 280 into 163 7.937253933 p
the formula d rt. Rounded to the nearest hundredth, 163 is about
d rt 7.94.
2240 280t 58. You can use a calculator to find an approximation
2240

280t for 1180.
280 280
8t 1180 13.41640786 p
So, the first airplane arrived in Baltimore after 8 h. Rounded to the nearest hundredth, 1180 is about
13.42.
Since the second airplane left Tucson 45 min after
the first airplane, and is scheduled to land in 59. 1256 represents the negative square root of 256.
Baltimore 15 min before the first airplane, the 256 162 S 1256 16
second airplane travels 60 min, or 1 hr, less than 60. 52 018 7 0 61. 081 47 0 17
the first airplane. So, the second airplane will 52 011 0 034 0 17
travel for 7 h. 52 11 34 17
Make a table of the information. 63 51
62. 42 060 74 0 63. 36 015 21 0
d rt
42 014 0 36 06 0
r t
First Airplane 280 8 2240 42 14 36 6
Second Airplane r 7 7r 28 30
125 Chapter 4
64. 010 16 27 0 65. 038 65 21 0 5. To reflect the triangle over the x-axis, multiply
06 27 0 027 21 0 the y-coordinate of each vertex by 1.
021 0 048 0 (x, y) S (x, y)
21 48 P(1, 2) S P¿(1, 2)
66. 4(x y) 4x 4y Q(4, 4) S Q¿(4, 4)
67. 1(x 3) (1)(x) (1)(3) R(2, 3) S R¿(2, 3)
x 3 y
68. 3(1 6y) 3 1 3 6y Q
3 18y R’
69. 3(2x 5) (3)(2x) (3)(5) P
6x (15)
6x 15 O x
1 1 1
70. 3(2x 6y) 3(2x) 3(6y)
2 P’
3x 2y
R
1 1 1 Q’
71. 4(5x 2y) 4(5x) 4(2y)
5 1
4
x 2
y
6. To translate the quadrilateral 3 units up, add 3 to
the y-coordinate of each vertex.
Transformations on the (x, y) S (x, y 3)
4-2 A(4, 2) S A¿(4, 2 3) S A¿(4, 5)
Coordinate Plane B(4, 2) S B¿(4, 2 3) S B¿(4, 1)
C(1, 3) S C¿(1, 3 3) S C¿(1, 0)
Pages 200–201 Check for Understanding D(3, 2) S D¿(3, 2 3) S D¿(3, 5)
1. Transformation Size Shape Orientation D’ y A’
Reflection same same changes
Rotation same same changes D A
Translation same same same
Dilation changes same same B’
C’ O x
2. Sample answer: The preimage is a square
centered at the origin with a side 4 units long. B
1 2
The image after a dilation that is an enlargement C
3
having a scale factor of 2 is the square centered
1
at the origin with a side 6 units long. The image
2
after a dilation that is a reduction having a scale 7. To dilate the parallelogram, multiply the
1
factor of 2 is the square centered at the origin coordinates of each vertex by 2.
with a side 2 units long.
(x, y) S (2x, 2y)
y E(1, 4) S E¿(2 (1), 2 4) S E¿(2, 8)
F(5, 1) S F¿(2 5, 2 (1)) S F¿(10, 2)
G(2, 4) S G¿(2 2, 2 (4)) S G¿(4, 8)
H(4, 1) S H¿(2 (4), 2 1) S H¿(8, 2)
y
x E’
E
H’ 2
H
2 F x
F’
3. The figure has been shifted horizontally to the G
right. This is a translation.
4. The figure has been turned around a point. This G’
is a rotation.
Chapter 4 126
8. To rotate the triangle 90 counterclockwise about 17b. y

the origin, switch the coordinates of each vertex
and then multiply the new first coordinate by 1. T T’
(x, y) S (y, x)
J(0, 0) S J¿(0, 0)
R’
K(2, 5) S K¿(5, 2)
O R x
L(4, 5) S L¿(5, 4)
L y
S S’
J’ 18a. To reflect the trapezoid over the x-axis, multiply

J x the y-coordinate of each vertex by 1.
(x, y) S (x, y)
K’ A(2, 3) S A¿(2, 3)
B(5, 3) S B¿(5, 3)
L’ C(6, 1) S C¿(6, 1)
K
D(2, 1) S D¿(2, 1)
9. Draw a dot and label it A. Move 10 units left 18b. y
(10 mi west) and 7 units down (7 mi south). Draw
a dot and label it B. A B
D C
10 mi O x
A
D’ C’
A’ B’
7 mi
19a. To translate the quadrilateral 8 units right, add

B
8 to the x-coordinate of each vertex.
(x, y) S (x 8, y)
10. To translate the point A(x, y) 10 units left, add R(6, 3) S R¿(6 8, 3) S R¿(2, 3)
10 to the x-coordinate of A. To translate A(x, y) S(4, 2) S S¿(4 8, 2) S S¿(4, 2)
7 units down, add 7 to the y-coordinate of A. T(1, 5) S T¿(1 8, 5) S T¿(7, 5)
(x, y) S (x 10, y 7) U(3, 7) S U¿(3 8, 7) S U¿(5, 7)
The ship’s current location is represented by 19b. U U’
y
(x 10, y 7). T’
T
R
Pages 201–203 Practice and Apply R’
11. The figure has been shifted horizontally to the S S’
right. This is a translation.
O x
12. The figure has been turned around a point. This
is a rotation.
13. The figure has been flipped over a line. This is a
reflection.
20a. To translate the parallelogram 3 units right, add
14. The figure has been increased in size. This is a
3 to the x-coordinate of each vertex. To translate
dilation.
the parallelogram 2 units down, add 2 to the
15. The figure has been flipped over a line. This is a y-coordinate of each vertex.
reflection.
(x, y) S (x 3, y 2)
16. The figure has been shifted vertically down. This M(6, 0) S M¿(6 3, 0 2) S M¿(3, 2)
is a translation. N(4, 3) S N¿(4 3, 3 2) S N¿(1, 1)
17a. To reflect the triangle over the y-axis, multiply O(1, 3) S O¿(1 3, 3 2) S O¿(2, 1)
the x-coordinate of each vertex by 1. P(3, 0) S P¿(3 3, 0 2) S P¿(0, 2)
(x, y) S (x, y)
R(2, 0) S R¿(2, 0)
S(2, 3) S S¿(2, 3)
T(2, 3) S T¿(2, 3)
127 Chapter 4
20b. y 23b. y G
N O
N’ O’ H
F
M P O x
O x
M’ P’ F’
H’
G’
21a. To dilate the trapezoid by a scale factor 24a. To rotate the quadrilateral 90 counterclockwise
1 1
of 2, multiply the coordinates of each vertex by 2. about the origin, switch the coordinates of each
(x, y) S 2x, 2y 11 1
2 vertex and then multiply the new first
1 2
coordinate by 1.
1 1
J(4, 2) S J¿ (4), 2 2 S J¿(2, 1) (x, y) S (y, x)
K(2, 4) S K¿ 1 2 (2), 2 4 2 S K¿(1, 2)

2
1 1 T(4, 2) S T¿(2, 4)
U(2, 4) S U¿(4, 2)
L(4, 4) S L¿ 1 2 4, 2 4 2 S L¿(2, 2)
1 1 V(0, 2) S V¿(2, 0)
M(4, 4) S M¿ 1 2 (4), 2 (4) 2 S M¿(2, 2)

W(2, 4) S W¿(4, 2)
1 1
24b. y
21b. U
y
K L T V
J K’ V’ O
J’ L’ x
U’
O x W’
M’ W T’
M
25a. To reflect the parallelogram over the y-axis,
multiply the x-coordinate of each point by 1.
22a. To dilate the square by a scale factor of 3, To then rotate the result 180 about the origin,
multiply the coordinates of each vertex by 3. multiply both coordinates of the reflected point
(x, y) S (3x, 3y) by 1.
A(2, 1) S A¿(3 (2), 3 1) S A¿(6, 3) (x, y) S (x, y) S (x, y)
B(2, 2) S B¿(3 2, 3 2) S B¿(6, 6) (x, y) S (x, y)
C(3, 2) S C¿(3 3, 3 (2)) S C¿(9, 6) W(1, 2) S W¿(1, 2)
D(1, 3) S D¿(3 (1), 3 (3)) S D¿(3, 9) X(3, 2) S X¿(3, 2)
22b. y Y(0, 4) S Y¿(0, 4)
8
B’ Z(4, 4) S Z¿(4, 4)
25b. y
A’ 4
B Z’ Y’
A
8 4 O 4 8x W X
D C
4
8 C’ O x
D’
W’ X’
23a. To rotate the triangle 180 about the origin,
multiply both coordinates of each vertex by 1. Z Y
(x, y) S (x, y)
F(3, 2) S F¿(3, 2)
G(2, 5) S G¿(2, 5)
H(6, 3) S H¿(6, 3)
Chapter 4 128
26a. To reflect the pentagon over the x-axis, multiply 31. The x-coordinate of each vertex of the dilated
1
the y-coordinate of each vertex by 1. To then triangle is 2 of the x-coordinate of the
translated the result as described, add 2 to the corresponding preimage vertex. The y-coordinate
1
x-coordinate and 1 to the y-coordinate of each of each vertex of the dilated triangle is 2 of the
reflected vertex. y-coordinate of the corresponding preimage
(x, y) S (x, y) S (x 2, y 1) vertex. So, triangle QRS was dilated by a scale
1
(x, y) S (x 2, y 1) factor of 2.
P(0, 5) S P¿(0 2, 5 1) S P¿(2, 4) 32. The x-coordinate of each vertex of the image is 1
Q(3, 4) S Q¿(3 2, 4 1) S Q¿(1, 3) times the x-coordinate of the corresponding
R(2, 1) S R¿(2 2, 1 1) S R¿(0, 0) preimage vertex. The y-coordinate of each vertex
S(2, 1) S S¿(2 2, 1 1) S S¿(4, 0) of the image is equal to the y-coordinate of the
T(3, 4) S T¿(3 2, 4 1) S T¿(5, 3) corresponding preimage vertex. So, parallelogram
26b. y P WXYZ was reflected over the y-axis.
T Q 33. To x-coordinate of each vertex of the image is 1
times the y-coordinate of the corresponding
preimage vertex. The y-coordinate of each vertex
of the image is equal to the x-coordinate of the
S O R corresponding preimage vertex. That is, for each
S’ R’ x ordered pair, the coordinates were switched and
the new first coordinate was multiplied by 1. So,
triangle XYZ was rotated 90 counterclockwise
T’ Q’
about the origin.
P’
1
34. Multiply each dimension by 22.
1
1800 22 4500
27. A(5, 1), B(3, 3), C(5, 5), D(5, 4),
E(8, 4), F(8, 2), and G(5, 2) are the 1
1600 22 4000
vertices of the arrow. The new digital photograph will be 4500 pixels
28. To translate the arrow 2 units right, add 2 to the wide by 4000 pixels high.
x-coordinate of each vertex. To reflect the 35–36.
translated arrow across the x-axis, multiply the 4800
y-coordinate of each vertex by 1. (0, 4000) (4500, 4000)
(x, y) S (x 2, y) 4000
A(5, 1) S A¿(3, 1)
3200
B(3, 3) S B¿(1, 3)
C(5, 5) S C¿(3, 5) 2400
D(5, 4) S D¿(3, 4) (0, 1600)
E(8, 4) S E¿(6, 4) 1600 (1800, 1600)
F(8, 2) S F¿(6, 2)
G(5, 2) S G¿(3, 2) 800
29. (0, 0) (1800, 0) (4500, 0)
C’ y
E’ D’ 0 800 1600 2400 3200 4000 4800
B’
35. The other three vertices of the 1800 1600
F’ G’ digital photograph are (0, 1600), (1800, 1600), and
A’ (1800, 0).
A O x 36. The vertices of the enlarged 4500 4000
F G photograph are (0, 0), (0, 4000), (4500, 4000), and
B (4500, 0).
37.
E D
C
30. The x-coordinate of each vertex of the translated

trapezoid is 3 more than the x-coordinate of the
corresponding preimage vertex. The y-coordinate
of each vertex of the translated trapezoid is 2 less
than the y-coordinate of the corresponding
preimage vertex. So, trapezoid JKLM was
translated 3 units right and 2 units down.
Sample answer: The pattern resembles a

snowflake.
129 Chapter 4
38. Yes, the same pattern could be drawn using 45. y

translations since all octagons in the figure have K L
the same size, shape, and orientation.
39. To rotate a point 90 clockwise about the origin,
we switch the coordinates of the point and O x
multiply the new second coordinate by 1. J M
(x, y) S ( y, x)
y3
40. To reflect the point A(x, y) over the x-axis, we
multiply the y-coordinate by 1. Then, to reflect J’ M’
this image over the y-axis, we multiply the
x-coordinate by 1. So, the final image is K’ L’
A¿(x, y).
The coordinates of the vertices of the image are
To rotate a point 180 about the origin, we J¿(3, 5), K¿(2, 8), L¿(1, 8), and M¿(3, 5).
multiply both coordinates by 1. So,
46. y
A(x, y) S A¿(x, y).
S’
Since the final image in each case is the same, R’
the statement is always true. R
41. Artists use computer graphics to simulate T’
movement, change the size of objects, and create x
designs. O S
yx
• Objects can appear to move by using a series
of translations. Moving forward can be
simulated by enlarging objects using dilations T
so they appear to be getting closer.
• Computer graphics are used in special effects
in movies, animated cartoons, and web design. The coordinates of the vertices of the image are
42. C; For the translations described, add 1 to each R¿(3, 3), S¿(0, 4), and T¿(4, 1).
x-coordinate and add 3 to each y-coordinate.
S(4, 2) S S¿(4 1, 2 3) S S¿(5, 1)
43. C
2 2
47. A(2, 1)
If x 3y and x 14, then 14 3y.
3 3 2
2
14 2 3 y • Move right 2 units and down 1 unit.
21 y • Draw a dot and label it A.
1
If y 4z and y 21, then 21 4z.
1 (See coordinate plane after Exercise 52.)
1 48. B(4, 0)
4 21 4 4z
84 z • Move left 4 units.
44. y • Since the y-coordinate is 0, the point is on the
A A’ x-axis.
• Draw a dot and label it B.
B B’
49. C(1, 5)
D O D’ x • Start at the origin.
C C’ • Move right 1 unit and up 5 units.
x0 • Draw a dot and label it C.
50. D(1, 1)
The coordinates of the vertices of the image are • Start at the origin.
A¿(3, 4), B¿(2, 2), C¿(3, 2), and D¿(4, 0). • Move left 1 unit and down 1 unit.
• Draw a dot and label it D.
51. E(2, 3)
• Move left 2 units and up 3 units.
• Draw a dot and label it E.
Chapter 4 130
52. F(4, 3) Page 204 Graphing Calculator Investigation

• Start at the origin. (Preview of Lesson 4-3)
• Move right 4 units and down 3 units. 1. {(10, 10), (0, 6), (4, 7), (5, 2)}
• Draw a dot and label it F. Step 1 Enter the data.
47–52. y C • Enter the x-coordinates in L1 and the
y-coordinates in L2.
E KEYSTROKES: STAT ENTER 10 ENTER
0 ENTER 4 ENTER 5 ENTER 10
O ENTER 6 ENTER 7 ENTER 2 ENTER
B x
D A Step 2 Format the graph.
F • Turn on the statistical plot.
STAT
KEYSTROKES: 2nd PLOT ENTER ENTER
• Select the scatter plot, L1 as the Xlist and L2
as the Ylist.
53. Let x the amount of 15% solution to be added. ENTER 2nd L1
KEYSTROKES:
Amount of Amount of ENTER 2nd L2 ENTER
Solution (mL) Nitric Acid
Step 3 Choose the viewing window.
30% Solution 20 0.30(20)
• Be sure you can see all of the points.
15% Solution x 0.15 x
[10, 15] scl : 1 by [10, 15] scl: 1
25% Solution 20 x 0.25(20 x)
KEYSTROKES: WINDOW 10 ENTER 15
0.30(20) 0.15x 0.25(20 x) ENTER 1 ENTER 10 ENTER 15 ENTER 1
6 0.15x 5 0.25x
6 0.15x 0.15x 5 0.25x 0.15x Step 4 Graph the relation.
6 5 0.10x • Display the graph.
6 5 5 0.10x 5 KEYSTROKES: GRAPH
1 0.10x
1 0.10x
0.10
0.10
10 x
Jamaal should add 10 mL of the 15% solution to
the 20 mL of the 30% solution.
54. There are 26 favorable outcomes of the 36 total
possible outcomes. [10, 15] scl: 1 by [10, 15] scl: 1
26 13
P (sum is less than 9) 36 18 or about 72% 2. {(4, 1), (3, 5), (4, 5), (5, 1)}
55. There are three favorable outcomes of the 36 total Step 1 Enter the data.
possible outcomes. • Enter the x-coordinates in L1 and the
3 1 y-coordinates in L2.
P (sum is greater than 10) 36 12 or about 8%
56. There are 15 favorable outcomes of the 36 total KEYSTROKES:STAT ENTER 4 ENTER
possible outcomes. 3 ENTER 4 ENTER 5 ENTER 1
15 15
P (sum is less than 7) 36 12 or about 42% ENTER 5 ENTER 5 ENTER 1 ENTER
57. There are 30 favorable outcomes of the 36 total Step 2 (See Step 2 in Exercise 1.)
possible outcomes. Step 3 Choose the viewing window.
30 5
P (sum is greater than 4) 36 6 or about 83% • Be sure you can see all of the points.
58. The number of toppings is the independent [10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
variable, and the cost is the dependent variable. KEYSTROKES: ENTER 10
WINDOW 10
So the data in the table can be represented as the
ENTER 1 ENTER 10 ENTER 10 ENTER 1
set of ordered pairs {(1, 9.95), (2, 11.45), (3, 12.95),
(4, 14.45), (5, 15.95), (6, 17.45)}. Step 4 (See Step 4 in Exercise 1.)
59. Time is the independent variable, and the
temperature is the dependent variable. So the
data in the table can be represented as the set of
ordered pairs {(0, 100), (5, 90), (10, 81), (15, 73),
(20, 66), (25, 60), (30, 55)}.
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
131 Chapter 4
3. {(12, 15), (10, 16), (11, 7), (14, 19)} Page 207 Algebra Activity
Step 1 Enter the data. y
• Enter the x-coordinates in L1 and the
y-coordinates in L2.
KEYSTROKES: STAT
ENTER 12 ENTER 10
ENTER 11 ENTER 14 ENTER 15 O
x
ENTER 16 ENTER 7 ENTER 19 ENTER
Step 2 (See Step 2 in Exercise 1.)
Step 3 Choose the viewing window.
• Be sure you can see all of the points.
[15, 15] scl: 2 by [20, 20] scl: 2 FOLD LINE
KEYSTROKES: WINDOW 15ENTER 15 1. The inverse of each point matches the point.
ENTER 2 ENTER 20 ENTER 20 ENTER 2 2. The inverse of each point is a reflection of the
point across the fold.
Step 4 (See Step 4 in Exercise 1.)
3. Sample ordered pairs: (1, 1), (0, 0), (2, 2)
For each ordered pair (x, y), x y.
4. Reflect the points across the line in which the
x-coordinate equals the y-coordinate.
[15, 15] scl: 2 by [20, 20] scl: 2 4-3 Relations

4. {(45, 10), (23, 18), (22, 26), (35, 26)}
Step 1 Enter the data. Page 208 Check for Understanding
• Enter the x-coordinates in L1 and the 1. A relation can be represented as a set of ordered
y-coordinates in L2. pairs, a table, a graph, or a mapping.
KEYSTROKES: STAT ENTER 45 ENTER 2. Sample answer:
{(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6), (7, 8), (9, 8)} has five elements
23 ENTER 22 ENTER 35 ENTER
in its domain {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} and four elements in
10 ENTER 18 ENTER 26 ENTER 26 ENTER its range {2, 4, 6, 8}.
Step 2 (See Step 2 in Exercise 1.) 3. The domain of a relation is the range of the
Step 3 Choose the viewing window. inverse, and the range of a relation is the domain
• Be sure you can see all of the points. of the inverse.
[2, 50] scl: 2 by [2, 30] scl: 2 4. Table Graph
WINDOW 2 ENTER 50 List the set of Graph each
KEYSTROKES:
x-coordinates in the ordered pair on
ENTER 2 ENTER 2 ENTER 30 ENTER 2 first column and the a coordinate
Step 4 (See Step 4 in Exercise 1.) corresponding y-coordinates plane.
in the second column.
x y y
4
5 2
8 3 2
7 1 O
8642 2 4 6 8x
[2, 50] scl: 2 by [2, 30] scl: 2
2
5. The scale of the x-axis should include the least
and greatest values in the domain, and the scale 4
of the y-axis should include the least and greatest
values in the range.
Chapter 4 132
Mapping Mapping
List the x values in set X and the y values in set List the x values in set X and the y values in set
Y. Draw an arrow from each x value in X to the Y. Draw an arrow from each x value in X to the
corresponding y value in Y. corresponding y value in Y.
X Y X Y
5 2 7 1
8 3 3 0
7 1 2 5
The domain for this relation is {7, 5, 8}. The The domain for this relation is {2, 3, 7}. The
range is {2, 1, 3}. range is {0, 1, 5}.
5. Table Graph 7. Table Graph
List the set of Graph each List the set of Graph each
x-coordinates in the ordered pair x-coordinates in the ordered pair
first column and the on a coordinate first column and the on a coordinate
corresponding y-coordinates plane. corresponding y-coordinates plane.
in the second column. in the second column.
x y y x y y
10 8
6 4 4 8 6
8
3 3 6 1 9 4
1 9 4 4 7 2
O x
2 4 2
5 3 6 9
2
2 4 6
2 O 2 4 6x
2 4
4 6
8
Mapping
List the x values in set X and the y values in set Mapping
Y. Draw an arrow from each x value in X to the List the x values in set X and the y values in set
corresponding y value in Y. Y. Draw an arrow from each x value in X to the
corresponding y value in Y.
X Y
X Y
6 4
3 3 4 8
1 9 1 9
5 6 7
The domain for this relation is {1, 3, 5, 6}. The

range is {3, 4, 9}. The domain for this relation is {4, 1, 6}. The
range is {7, 8, 9}.
6. Table Graph
8. relation: {(3, 2), (6, 7), (4, 3), (6, 5)}
List the set of Graph each
inverse: {(2, 3), (7, 6), (3, 4), (5, 6)}
x-coordinates in the ordered pair on
first column and the a coordinate 9. relation: {(4, 9), (2, 5), (2, 2), (11, 12)}
corresponding y-coordinates plane. inverse: {(9, 4), (5, 2), (2, 2), (12, 11)}
in the second column. 10. relation: {(3, 0), (5, 2), (7, 4)}
inverse: {(0, 3), (2, 5), (4, 7)}
x y y
11. relation: {(2, 8), (3, 7), (4, 6), (5, 7)}
7 1
inverse: {(8, 2), (7, 3), (6, 4), (7, 5)}
3 0
12. relation: {(1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 3), (4, 1)}
2 5 inverse: {(2, 1), (4, 2), (3, 3), (1, 4)}
13. relation: {(4, 4), (3, 0), (0, 3), (2, 1), (2, 1)}
inverse: {(4, 4), (0, 3), (3, 0), (1, 2), (1, 2)}
O x
14. Sample answer: (1989, 25), (1991, 20), (1996, 10)
15. The domain of the relation is {1988, 1989, 1990,
1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998,
1999}.
133 Chapter 4
16. The least value in the range is about 5.7 students, 21. x y y
and the greatest value in the range is 25 8
3 8 6
students.
3 7 4
17. There are fewer students per computer in more 2
recent years. So the number of computers in 2 9 O
schools has increased. 1 9 4321
2
1 2 3 4x
4
6
8
18. x y y
8 X Y The domain of this
4 3 6 relation is {1, 2, 3}.
1 7 4 The range is {9, 7, 8}.
1 3 2 3 8
O
2 7
2 9 4 2 2 4x
2 1 9
4
6
8
22. x y y
4 2
X Y The domain of this
relation is {1, 2, 4}. 3 4
The range is {7, 3, 9}. 1 2
4 3 6 4 O x
1 7
2 9
19. x y y
5 2 relation is {1, 3, 4, 6}.
5 0 The range is {2, 4}.
4 2
6 4 3
2 7 1 4
6
O x
23. x y y
12
0 2 10
5 1 8
relation is {5, 2, 5, 6}. 6
The range is {0, 2, 4, 7}. 0 6
4
5 2 1 9
5 0 2
O
6 4 6543 21 1 2x
2 7 2
4
20. x y y The domain of this

X Y
0 0 relation is {5, 1, 0}.
6 1 The range is {1, 2, 6, 9}.
2
0 1
5 6 5 6
4 2 1 9
O x

relation is {0, 4, 5, 6}.
The range is {1, 0, 2, 6}.
0 0
6 1
5 6
4 2
Chapter 4 134
24. x y y 35. relation: {(2, 0), (2, 4), (3, 7), (5, 0), (5, 8), (7, 7)}
3 4 inverse: {(0, 2), (4, 2), (7, 3), (0, 5), (8, 5), (7, 7)}
4 3 36. relation: {(3, 3), (2, 2), (1, 1), (1, 1), (2, 2),
(3, 3)}
2 2
inverse: {(3, 3), (2, 2), (1, 1), (1, 1), (2, 2),
5 4 (3, 3)}
O x
4 5 37. relation: {(3, 1), (3, 3), (3, 5), (0, 3),
(2, 3), (4, 3)}
inverse: {(1, 3), (3, 3), (5, 3), (3, 0),
(3, 2), (3, 4)}
38. y
X Y The domain of this 222
relation is {4, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
218
3 4 The range is {4, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
214
Boiling Points (°F)

4 3
2 2 210
5 4 206
4 5 202
198
25. x y y 194
7 6 190
3 4 186
4 5 x
0 1000 3000 5000 7000 9000
2 6 2000 4000 6000 8000 10,000
3 2 Altitude (ft)
O x
39. The inverse of the relation, as a set of ordered
pairs, is {(212.0, 0), (210.2, 1000), (208.4, 2000),
(206.5, 3000), (201.9, 5000), (193.7, 10,000)}.
relation is {3, 2, 3, 4, 7}. 40. Use the inverse relation to find the corresponding
7 The range is {2, 4, 5, 6}. altitude for a given boiling point.
6 41. The domain of the relation is {1991, 1992, 1993,
3
4
4 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000}. The
5
2 range of the relation is approximately
2
3 {6.3, 7.5, 9.2, 9.5, 9.8, 10, 10.4}.
42. The lowest production, about 6.3 billion bushels,
26. relation: {(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6), (7, 8)} occurred in 1993. The highest production, about
inverse: {(2, 1), (4, 3), (6, 5), (8, 7)} 10.4 billion bushels, occurred in 2000.
27. relation: {(0, 3), (5, 2), (4, 7), (3, 2)} 43. Production seems to alternately increase and
inverse: {(3, 0), (2, 5), (7, 4), (2, 3)} decrease each year. However, since 1995, the
28. relation: {(6, 2), (4, 5), (3, 3), (1, 7)} trend has shown an overall production increase.
inverse: {(2, 6), (5, 4), (3, 3), (7, 1)} 44. Body Weight (lb) Muscle Weight (lb)
29. relation: {(8, 4), (1, 1), (0, 6), (5, 4)}
100 40
inverse: {(4, 8), (1, 1), (6, 0), (4, 5)}
105 42
30. relation: {(4, 2), (2, 1), (2, 4), (2, 3)}
inverse: {(2, 4), (1, 2), (4, 2), (3, 2)} 110 44
31. relation: {(3, 3), (1, 3), (4, 2), (1, 5)} 115 46
inverse: {(3, 3), (3, 1), (2, 4), (5, 1)} 120 48
32. relation: {(0, 0), (4, 7), (8, 10.5), (12, 13), 125 50
(16, 14.5)} 130 52
inverse: {(0, 0), (7, 4), (10.5, 8), (13, 12), (14.5, 16)}
45. The domain of the relation is {100, 105, 110, 115,
33. relation: {(1, 16.50), (1.75, 28.30), (2.5, 49.10), 120, 125, 130}. The range is {40, 42, 44, 46, 48,
(3.25, 87.60), (4, 103.40)} 50, 52}.
inverse: {(16.50, 1), (28.30, 1.75), (49.10, 2.5),
(87.60, 3.25), (103.40, 4)}
34. relation: {(3, 2), (3, 8), (6, 5), (7, 4), (11, 4)}
inverse: {(2, 3), (8, 3), (5, 6), (4, 7), (4, 11)}
135 Chapter 4
46. y 52. The inverse of the relation is

{(4, 4), (2, 2), (0, 0), (2, 2), (4, 4)}.
52
y
50
Muscle Weight (lb)
48
46 O x
44
42
40 53a. Sample answer:

x
100 105 110 115 120 125 130
Body Weight (lb)
47. The domain of the inverse of the relation is
{40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52}. The range of the
inverse is {100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125, 130}.
48. y
8 [10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 12] scl: 1
B’
53b. Sample answer:
A’ 4
B [10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 12] scl: 1
A
53c. The inverse of the relation is
8 4 O 4 8x
C {(10, 0), (8, 2), (6, 6), (4, 9)}.
D
4 Sample answer:
8 C’
D’
49. Sample answer:
F {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)}
G {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1)}
The elements in the domain and range of F
should be paired differently in G. [10, 12] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
50. Expressing real-world data as relations shows 53d.
how the members of a domain relate to the Relation Inverse
members of the range. For example, a table helps Point Quadrant Point Quadrant
to organize the data or a graph may show a (0, 10) none (10, 0) none
pattern in the data. Answers should include the (2, 8) IV (8, 2) II
following.
(6, 6) I (6, 6) I
• Graph
(9, 4) IV (4, 9) II
y
130 54a. Sample answer:
110
Strikeouts
90
70
50
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [6, 40] scl: 2
x
0 20 40 60 80
Home Runs 54b. Sample answer:
• There seems to be a positive relationship [10, 10] scl: 1 by [6, 40] scl: 2
between the number of home runs and
strikeouts. In years when Griffey hit more
home runs, he also struck out more.
51. B; The set of ordered pairs graphed is {(4, 4),
(2, 2), (0, 0), (2, 2), (4, 4)}. The domain of this
relation is {4, 2, 0, 2, 4}. The range is {0, 2, 4}.
Chapter 4 136
54c. The inverse of the relation is 56c. The inverse of the relation is
{(18, 1), (23, 2), (28, 3), (33, 4)}. {(77, 92), (200, 93), (50, 19)}.
Sample answer: Sample answer:
[6, 40] scl: 2 by [10, 10] scl: 1 [100, 250] scl: 10 by [100, 50] scl: 10
54d. 56d.
Relation Inverse Relation Inverse
Point Quadrant Point Quadrant Quad- Quad-
(1, 18) II (18, 1) IV Point rant Point rant
(2, 23) II (23, 2) IV (92, 77) III (77, 92) III
(3, 28) II (28, 3) IV (93, 200) II (200, 93) IV
(4, 33) II (33, 4) IV (19, 50) IV (50, 19) II
55a. Sample answer:

57. The figure has been turned around a point. This
is a rotation.
58. The figure has been flipped over a line. This is a
reflection.
59. The figure has been shifted vertically down. This
[10, 80] scl: 5 by [10, 60] scl: 5 is a translation.
55b. Sample answer: x- y-
[10, 80] scl: 5 by [10, 60] scl: 5 Coordi- Coordi- Ordered
55c. The inverse of the relation is Point nate nate Pair Quadrant
{(12, 35), (25, 48), (52, 60)}. 60. A 4 4 (4, 4) IV
Sample answer: 61. K 3 2 (3, 2) I
62. L 1 3 (1, 3) III
63. W 1 1 (1, 1) IV
64. B 4 0 (4, 0) none
65. P 4 2 (4, 2) III
66. R 5 3 (5, 3) II
67. C 2 5 (2, 5) II
[10, 60] scl: 5 by [10, 80] scl: 5
68. Find the amount of change.
55d.
Relation Inverse 10.15 9.75 0.40
Point Quadrant Point Quadrant Find the percent using the original number, 9.75,
(35, 12) I (12, 35) I as the base.
(48, 25) I (25, 48) I 0.40 r
9.75
100
(60, 52) I (52, 60) I
0.40(100) 9.75 r
56a. Sample answer: 40 9.75 r
40 9.75 r
9.75
9.75
4.1 r
The percent of increase in Dominique’s salary is
about 4.1%.
69. 72 9 8 70. 105 15 7
1 3 9
71. 3 3 3 1 1 9
[100, 50] scl: 10 by [100, 250] scl: 10 1 4 64
72. 16 4 16 1 1
64
56b. Sample answer:
[100, 50] scl: 10 by [100, 250) scl: 10
137 Chapter 4
54n 78 79.
(54n 78) 6
12
73. g
15 17
6 g 3 True or False?
1
(54n 78) 6
12 12
3 ?
1 1 3 15 17 S 16 17 false
54n 6 78 6 3
4 ? 1
9n 13 4 3
15 17 S 163 17 false
98x 35y
74. (98x 35y) 7 ?
12
5 2
7 5 3
15 17 S 163 17 false
1
(98x 35y)
98x 1 7 2 35y 1 7 2
7 6 ?
1 1
6 3
15 17 S 17 17 true ✓
7 ? 1
14x 5y 7 3
15 17 S 173 17 false
75. a a 15 20 True or False? 8 ? 2
8 3
15 17 S 173 17 false
?
3 3 15 20 S 18 20 false
Since g 6 makes the equation true, the solution
?
4 4 15 20 S 19 20 false set is {6}.
?
5 5 15 20 S 20 20 true ✓ 80. m 3
m 5
52 True or False?
?
6 6 15 20 S 21 20 false 3 3 ? 1
? 3 5
5 2 S 15 2 false
7 7 15 20 S 22 20 false
4 3 ? 2
8
?
8 15 20 S 23 20 false 4 5
5
2 S 15 2 false
5 3 ? 3
Since a 5 makes the equation true, the solution 5 5
5
2 S 15 2 false
set is {5}.
6 3 ? 4
76. 6 5 2 S 15 2 false
r r62 True or False? 5
? 7 3 ?
3 3 6 2 S 3 2 false 7 5
5 2S 22 true ✓
?
4 4 6 2 S 2 2 false 8
8 3 ?
5 2 S 25 2
1
false
5
?
5 5 6 2 S 1 2 false
?
Since m 7 makes the equation true, the
6 66 2S 0 2 false solution set is {7}.
?
7 76 2S 1 2 false
?
8 86 2S 22 true ✓ Page 211 Practice Quiz 1
Since r 8 makes the equation true, the solution 1. Q(2, 3)
set is {8}. • Start at the origin.
77. n 9 5n 6 True or False? • Move right 2 units and up 3 units.
? • Draw a dot and label it Q.
3 9 5(3) 6 S 9 9 true ✓
? (See coordinate plane after Exercise 4.)
4 9 5(4) 6 S 9 14 false 2. R(4, 4)
?
5 9 5(5) 6 S 9 19 false • Start at the origin.
? • Move left 4 units and down 4 units.
6 9 5(6) 6 S 9 24 false
? • Draw a dot and label it R.
7 9 5(7) 6 S 9 29 false
?
8 9 5(8) 6 S 9 34 false 3. S(5, 1)
Since n 3 makes the equation true, the solution • Start at the origin.
set is {3}. • Move right 5 units and down 1 unit.
78. w 3 8w 35 True or False? • Draw a dot and label it S.
? (See coordinate plane after Exercise 4.)
3 3 8(3) 35 S 27 35 false
?
4 3 8(4) 35 S 35 35 true ✓
?
5 3 8(5) 35 S 43 35 false
?
6 3 8(6) 35 S 51 35 false
?
7 3 8(7) 35 S 59 35 false
?
8 3 8(8) 35 S 67 35 false
Since w 4 makes the equation true, the solution
set is {4}.
Chapter 4 138
4. T(1, 3) 7. The domain of the relation is {1, 2, 4}. The range

• Start at the origin. is {3, 5, 6}. The inverse of the relation is
• Move left 1 unit and up 3 units. {(3, 1), (6, 4), (3, 2), (5, 1)}.
• Draw a dot and label it T. 8. The domain of the relation is {2, 0, 4, 8}. The
range is {5, 2, 3, 6}. The inverse of the relation
y
is {(6, 2), (3, 0), (2, 4), (5, 8)}.
9. The domain of the relation is {8, 11, 15}. The
T Q
range is {3, 5, 22, 31}. The inverse of the relation
is {(5, 11), (3, 15), (22, 8), (31, 11)}.
10. The domain of the relation is {5, 1, 2, 6}. The
O x range is {0, 3, 4, 7, 8}. The inverse of the relation
S is {(8, 5), (0, 1), (4, 1), (7, 2), (3, 6)}.
R
4-4 Equations as Relations
5. To reflect the triangle over the x-axis, multiply
the y-coordinate of each vertex by 1. Pages 214–215 Check for Understanding
(x, y) S (x, y) 1. To find the domain of an equation if you are given
A(4, 8) S A¿(4, 8) the range, substitute the values for y and solve
B(7, 5) S B¿(7, 5) for x.
C(2, 1) S C¿(2, 1)
2. Sample answer: y x 5 is an equation in two
The coordinates of the vertices of the image are variables. Two solutions for this equation are
A
(4, 8), B
(7, 5), and C
(2, 1). (9, 4) and (10, 5).
y A 3. Bryan is correct. x represents the domain and y
8
represents the range. So, replace x with 5 and y
B with 1.
4
C’ 4. x y y 3x 4 True or False?
O 1 3 5 7x 1 1 1 3(1) 4
C true ✓
4 11
1 B’
2 10 10 3(2) 4
8
true ✓
A’ 10 10
3 12 12 3(3) 4
false
6. To translate the quadrilateral 5 units to the left, 12 13
add 5 to the x-coordinate of each vertex. To 7 1 1 3(7) 4
translate the quadrilateral 4 units down, add 4 false
1 25
to the y-coordinate of each vertex.
(x, y) → (x 5, y 4) The solution set is {(1, 1), (2, 10)}.
W(1, 0) → W
(1 5, 0 4) → W
(4, 4) 5. x y 2x 5y 1 True or False?
X(2, 3) → X
(2 5, 3 4) → X
(3, 1) 7 3 2(7) 5(3) 1
Y(4, 1) → Y
(4 5, 1 4) → Y
(1, 3) true ✓
11
Z(3, 3) → Z
(3 5, 3 4) → Z
(2, 7)
7 3 2(7) 5(3) 1
The coordinates of the vertices of the image are false
1 1
W
(4, 4), X
(3, 1), Y
(1, 3), and
2 1 2(2) 5(1) 1
Z
(2, 7). false
1 1
y X 2 1 2(2) 5(1) 1
true ✓
11
Y
W The solution set is {(7, 3), (2, 1)}.
X’ O x
6. x 2x 1 y (x, y)
Y’ 3 2(3) 1 7 (3, 7)
W’ Z 1 2(1) 1 3 (1, 3)
0 2(0) 1 1 (0, 1)
2 2(2) 1 3 (2, 3)
Z’
The solution set is
{(3, 7), (1, 3), (0, 1), (2, 3)}.
139 Chapter 4
7. 11. First solve the equation for y in terms of x.

x 4x y (x, y)
2y x 2
3 4 (3) 7 (3, 7)
2y x 2
1 4 (1) 5 (1, 5) 2
2
0 40 4 (0, 4) x 2
y 2
2 42 2 (2, 2)
x2
x 2 y (x, y)
The solution set is {(3, 7), (1, 5), (0, 4), (2, 2)}.
4 2
8. First solve the equation for y in terms of x. 4 2
1 (4, 1)
2y 2x 12 2
2 2
0 (2, 0)
2
2y 2x 2x 12 2x
0 2
2y 12 2x 0 2
1 (0, 1)
2y 12 2x
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 (2, 2)
y6x 4 2
4 2
3 (4, 3)
x 6x y (x, y)
3 6 (3) 9 (3, 9) Graph the solution set
{(4, 1), (2, 0), (0, 1), (2, 2), (4, 3)}.
1 6 (1) 7 (1, 7)
y
0 60 6 (0, 6)
2 62 4 (2, 4)
The solution set is {(3, 9), (1, 7), (0, 6), (2, 4)}.
9. First solve the equation for y in terms of x. O x
3x 2y 13
3x 2y 3x 13 3x
2y 13 3x
2y 13 3x
2
2
13 3x 12.
y 2 k
25k
g (k, g)
110, 4123 2
6
13 3x 25(10) 2
x 2 y (x, y) 10 413
114, 5813 2
6
13 3(3)
3 11 (3, 11) 25(14) 1
2 14 6
583
13 3(1)
1 8 (1, 8) 25(18)
2 18 6
75 (18, 75)
13 3(0)
0 2
6.5 (0, 6.5) 25(24)
24 6
100 (24, 100)
13 3(2)
2 2
3.5 (2, 3.5)
100 y
10. x 3x y (x, y) 90
3 3(3) 9 (3, 9)
2 3(2) 6 (2, 6) 80
Gold %
1 3(1) 3 (1, 3) 70

0 3(0) 0 (0, 0)
1 3(1) 3 (1, 3) 60
2 3(2) 6 (2, 6) 50
3 3(3) 9 (3, 9)
40
Graph the solution set {(3, 9), (2, 6), x
(1, 3), (0, 0), (1, 3), (2, 6), (3, 9)}. 0 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
y Number of Karats
8
6
4
2
4 2 O 2 4x
2
4
6
8
Chapter 4 140
25k
13. Solve the equation g 6 for k since the value of 18. x y 3x 8y 4 True or False?
k will depend on the given value of g. 0 0.5 3(0) 8(0.5) 4
true ✓
g
25k
4 4
1 2
6
25k 4 1 3(4) 8(1) 4
6g 6 6 false
4 4
6g 25k 2 0.75 3(2) 8(0.75) 4
6g 25k false
0 4
25 25
6g 2 4 3(2) 8(4) 4
k false
25 26 4
For a ring that is 50% gold, g 50. So
6(50) The solution set is {(0, 0.5)}.
k 25 12. A 12-karat ring is 50% gold.
19. True or
x y 2y 4x 8 False?
Pages 215–217 Practice and Apply 0 2 2(2) 4(0) 8
false
48
14. x y y 4x 1 True or False? 3 0.5 2(0.5) 4(3) 8
1 1 4(2) 1 false
2
false 11 8
1 9 0.25 3.5 2(3.5) 4(0.25) 8
5 4(1) 1 true ✓
1 5
true ✓ 88
55 1 2 2(2) 4(1) 8
2 4(9) 1 true ✓
9 2
false 88
2 37
The solution set is {(0.25, 3.5), (1, 2)}.
0 1 1 4(0) 1
true ✓ 20. 4 5x
11 x y (x, y)
2 4 5(2) 14 (2, 14)
The solution set is {(1, 5), (0, 1)}.
1 4 5(1) 9 (1, 9)
15. x y y 8 3x True or False?
1 4 5(1) 1 (1, 1)
4 4 4 8 3(4)
true ✓ 3 4 5(3) 11 (3, 11)
4 4
4 4 5(4) 16 (4, 16)
8 0 0 8 3(8)
false
0 16 The solution set is
2 2 2 8 3(2) {(2, 14), (1, 9), (1, 1), (3, 11), (4, 16)}.
true ✓
22 21. x 2x 3 y (x, y)
3 3 3 8 3(3) 2 2(2) 3 1 (2, 1)
false
3 1 1 2(1) 3 1 (1, 1)
The solution set is {(4, 4), (2, 2)}. 1 2(1) 3 5 (1, 5)
16. x y x 3y 7 True or False? 3 2(3) 3 9 (3, 9)
1 2 1 3(2) 7 4 2(4) 3 11 (4, 11)
true ✓
7 7 The solution set is
2 1 2 3(2) 7 {(2, 1), (1, 1), (1, 5), (3, 9), (4, 11)}.
false
4 7 22. First solve the equation for y in terms of x.
2 4 2 3(4) 7 xy4
false
10 7 x4y44
2 3 2 3(3) 7 x4y
true ✓
7 7
x x4 y (x, y)
The solution set is {(1, 2), (2, 3)}. 2 2 4 6 (2, 6)
17. x y 2x 2y 6 True or False? 1 1 4 5 (1, 5)
3 0 2(3) 2(0) 6 1 14 3 (1, 3)
true ✓
66 3 34 1 (3, 1)
2 1 2(2) 2(1) 6 4 44 0 (4, 0)
true ✓
66
The solution set is
2 1 2(2) 2(1) 6
false {(2, 6), (1, 5), (1, 3), (3, 1), (4, 0)}.
6 6
4 1 2(4) 2(1) 6
true ✓
66
The solution set is {(3, 0), (2, 1), (4, 1)}.
141 Chapter 4
23. First solve the equation for y in terms of x. 26. First solve the equation for y in terms of x.
x7y 8x 4y 12
xy7yy 8x 4y 8x 12 8x
xy7 4y 12 8x
xyx7x 4y 12 8x

y7x 4 4
y 3 2x
x 7x y (x, y)
x 3 2x y (x, y)
2 7 (2) 9 (2, 9)
2 3 2(2) 7 (2, 7)
1 7 (1) 8 (1, 8)
1 3 2(1) 5 (1, 5)
1 71 6 (1, 6)
1 3 2(1) 1 (1, 1)
3 73 4 (3, 4)
3 3 2(3) 3 (3, 3)
4 74 3 (4, 3)
4 3 2(4) 5 (4, 5)
The solution set is
{(2, 9), (1, 8), (1, 6), (3, 4), (4, 3)}. The solution set is
{(2, 7), (1, 5), (1, 1), (3, 3), (4, 5)}.
24. First solve the equation for y in terms of x.
6x 3y 18
6x 3y 6x 18 6x 2x 2y 0
3y 18 6x 2x 2y 2y 0 2y
3y 18 6x 2x 2y
3
3 2x 2y

y 6 2x 2 2
xy
x 6 2x y (x, y)
2 6 2(2) 10 (2, 10) x y (x, y)
1 6 2(1) 8 (1, 8) 2 2 (2, 2)
1 6 2(1) 4 (1, 4) 1 1 (1, 1)
3 6 2(3) 0 (3, 0) 1 1 (1, 1)
4 6 2(4) 2 (4, 2) 3 3 (3, 3)
The solution set is 4 4 (4, 4)
{(2, 10), (1, 8), (1, 4), (3, 0), (4, 2)}. The solution set is
25. First solve the equation for y in terms of x. {(2, 2), (1, 1), (1, 1), (3, 3), (4, 4)}.
6x y 3 28. First solve the equation for y in terms of x.
6x y 6x 3 6x 5x 10y 20
y 3 6x 5x 10y 5x 20 5x
1(y) 1(3 6x) 10y 20 5x
y 3 6x 10y 20 5x
10
10
x 3 6x y (x, y) y 2 0.5x
2 3 6(2) 9 (2, 9)
x 2 0.5x y (x, y)
1 3 6(1) 3 (1, 3)
2 2 0.5(2) 3 (2, 3)
1 3 6(1) 9 (1, 9)
1 2 0.5(1) 2.5 (1, 2.5)
3 3 6(3) 21 (3, 21)
1 2 0.5(1) 1.5 (1, 1.5)
4 3 6(4) 27 (4, 27)
3 2 0.5(3) 0.5 (3, 0.5)
The solution set is 4 2 0.5(4) 0 (4, 0)
{(2, 9), (1, 3), (1, 9), (3, 21), (4, 27)}.
The solution set is
{(2, 3), (1, 2.5), (1, 1.5), (3, 0.5), (4, 0)}.
Chapter 4 142
29. First solve the equation for y in terms of x. 32. x 2x 3 y (x, y)

3x 2y 14 3 2(3) 3 3 (3, 3)
3x 2y 3x 14 3x
2 2(2) 3 1 (2, 1)
2y 14 3x
2y 14 3x 1 2(1) 3 1 (1, 1)

2 2 1 2(1) 3 5 (1, 5)
14 3x
y 2 2 2(2) 3 7 (2, 7)
14 3x 3 2(3) 3 9 (3, 9)
x 2
y (x, y)
Graph the solution set
14 3(2)
2 10 (2, 10) {(3, 3), (2, 1), (1, 1), (1, 5), (2, 7), (3, 9)}.
2
14 3(1) y
1 2
8.5 (1, 8.5)
14 3(1)
1 2
5.5 (1, 5.5)
14 3(3)
3 2
2.5 (3, 2.5)
14 3(4)
4 2
1 (4, 1)
The solution set is

{(2, 10), (1, 8.5), (1, 5.5), (3, 2.5), (4, 1)}. O x
1
x2y8
1
x 2y x 8 x 33. x 3x 1 y (x, y)
1
y 8x 5 3(5) 1 16 (5, 16)
1 2 2(8 x)
2
2
1
y 2 3(2) 1 7 (2, 7)
2
y 16 2x 1 3(1) 1 2 (1, 2)
3 3(3) 1 8 (3, 8)
x 16 2x y (x, y)
4 3(4) 1 11 (4, 11)
2 16 2(2) 20 (2, 20)
1 16 2(1) 18 (1, 18)
{(5, 16), (2, 7), (1, 2), (3, 8), (4, 11)}.
1 16 2(1) 14 (1, 14)
y
3 16 2(3) 10 (3, 10)
4 16 2(4) 8 (4, 8) 8
6
The solution set is 4
{(2, 20), (1, 18), (1, 14), (3, 10), (4, 8)}. 2
31. First solve the equation for y in terms of x. 4 2 O 2 4 x
1
2x 3
y 4 4
1 6
2x 3
y 2x 4 2x 8
1
3 y 4 2x 10
1 2
12
1
(3) 3 y (3)(4 2x) 14
16
y 12 6x
x 12 6x y (x, y)
2 12 6(2) 24 (2, 24)
1 12 6(1) 18 (1, 18)
1 12 6(1) 6 (1, 6)
3 12 6(3) 6 (3, 6)
4 12 6(4) 12 (4, 12)
The solution set is
{(2, 24), (1, 18), (1, 6), (3, 6), (4, 12)}.
143 Chapter 4
34. First solve the equation for y in terms of x. Graph the solution set {(4, 7), (1, 3.25), (0, 2),
3x 2y 5 (2, 0.5), (4, 3), (6, 5.5)}.
3x 2y 3x 5 3x y
2y 5 3x
2y 5 3x
2
2
3x 5
y 2
3x 5
x 2
y (x, y)
3(3) 5 O x
3 2
7 (3, 7)
3(1) 5
1 2
4 (1, 4)
3(2) 5
2 2
0.5 (2, 0.5)
3(4) 5
4 2
3.5 (4, 3.5)
3(5) 5 36. First solve the equation for y in terms of x.
5 2
5 (5, 5)
1
2
x y2
Graph the solution set 1 1 1
{(3, 7), (1, 4), (2, 0.5), (4, 3.5), (5, 5)}. 2
x y 2x 2 2x
1
y y 2 2x
1
x 2 2x y (x, y)
1
4 2 2(4) 4 (4, 4)
1
O x 1 2 2(1) 2.5 (1, 2.5)
2 2 112
1
1 1.5 (1, 1.5)
1
4 2 2(4) 0 (4, 0)
1
7 2 2
(7) 1.5 (7, 1.5)
1
8 2 2(8) 2 (8, 2)
Graph the solution set {(4, 4), (1, 2.5), (1, 1.5),
5x 4y 8
(4, 0), (7, 1.5), (8, 2)}.
5x 4y 5x 8 5x
4y 8 5x y
4y 8 5x
4
4
8 5x
y 4
8 5x O x
x 4 y (x, y)
8 5(4)
4 4
7 (4, 7)
8 5(1)
1 4
3.25 (1, 3.25)
8 5(0)
0 4
2 (0, 2)
8 5(2)
2 4
0.5 (2, 0.5)
8 5(4)
4 4
3 (4, 3)
8 5(6)
6 4
5.5 (6, 5.5)
Chapter 4 144
37. 1 41. F 32
x 4
x 3 y (x, y) City F 1.8
C
1 34 32
4 4
(4) 3 4 (4, 4) New York 34 1.1
1.8
1 23 32
2 4
(2) 3 3.5 (2, 3.5) Chicago 23 5
1.8
1 55 32
0 4
(0) 3 3 (0, 3) San Francisco 55 12.7
1.8
1 72 32
2 4
(2) 3 2.5 (2, 2.5) Miami 72 22.2
1.8
1 40 32
4 4
(4) 3 2 (4, 2) Washington, D.C. 40 4.4
1.8
1
6 4
(6) 3 1.5 (6, 1.5) 42. P 2/ 2w
24 2/ 2w
Graph the solution set {(4, 4), (2, 3.5), 24 2w 2/ 2w 2w
(0, 3), (2, 2.5), (4, 2), (6, 1.5)}. 24 2w 2/
y 24 2w 2/
2
2
12 w /
43. Since the equation is solved for , the dependent
O x variable is and the independent variable is w.
44. Sample answer:
w 12 w (w, )
1 12 1 11 (1, 11)
2 12 2 10 (2, 10)
38. First solve the equation for y in terms of x. 3 12 3 9 (3, 9)
3x y 8 4 12 4 8 (4, 8)
3x y 3x 8 3x 5 12 5 7 (5, 7)
y 8 3x
For the values of w chosen, the solution set is
x 8 3x y {(1, 11), (2, 10), (3, 9), (4, 8), (5, 7)}.
1 8 3(1) 11 45. Male
2 8 3(2) 2 Length of Height
5 8 3(5) 7 Tibia (cm) (cm) (T, H )
8 8 3(8) 16 30.5 81.7 2.4(30.5) (30.5, 154.9)
The range is {16, 7, 2, 11}. 34.8 81.7 2.4(34.8) (34.8, 165.2)
39. Since the range is given, first solve the equation 36.3 81.7 2.4(36.3) (36.3, 168.8)
for x in terms of y. 37.9 81.7 2.4(37.9) (37.9, 172.7)
2y x 6
2y x 2y 6 2y Female
x 6 2y Length of Height
1121x2 11216 2y2 Tibia (cm) (cm) (T, H )
x 2y 6 30.5 72.6 2.5(30.5) (30.5, 148.9)
y 2y 6 x 34.8 72.6 2.5(34.8) (34.8, 159.6)
4 2(4) 6 14 36.3 72.6 2.5(36.3) (36.3, 163.4)
3 2(3) 6 12 37.9 72.6 2.5(37.9) (37.9, 167.4)
1 2(1) 6 4 H
6 2(6) 6 6 176 Male
172
7 2(7) 6 8 168
The domain is {14, 12, 4, 6, 8}. 164
160 Female
40. F 1.8C 32 156
F 32 1.8C 32 32 152
F 32 1.8C 148
F 32 1.8C 144
1.8
1.8 T
F 32
1.8
C 0 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
145 Chapter 4
47a. Substitute each given range value for y and 47c. Substitute each given range value for y and
solve for x. solve for x.
y x2 y 04x 16 0
0 x2 0 04x 16 0
The only number that gives 0 when squared is The only number whose absolute value gives 0 is
0, so x 0 when y 0. 0, so the expression 4x 16 must represent 0.
16 x2 4x 16 0
4x 16 16 0 16
Both 42 and (4)2 give 16, so x 4 or x 4
4x 16
when y 16. 4x 16

36 x2 4 4
Both 62 and (6)2 give 36, so x 6 or x 6 x4

when y 36. So, x 4 when y 0.
Thus, if the range of y x2 is {0, 16, 36}, then 16 04x 16 0
the domain is {6, 4, 0, 4, 6}. Since both 016 0 and 016 0 give 16, the expression
47b. Substitute each given range value for y and 4x 16 may represent either 16 or 16.
solve for x. 4x 16 16 4x 16 16
y 04x 0 16 4x 16 16 16 16 4x 16 16 16 16
0 04x 0 16 4x 32 4x 0
0 16 04x 0 16 16 4x

32 4x

0
16 04x 0
4 4 4 4
x8 x0
Since both 016 0 and 016 0 give 16, the expression
4x may represent either 16 or 16. So, x 8 or x 0 when y 16.
36 04x 16 0
4x 16 4x 16
4x 16 4x 16
4
4 4
4 4x 16 may represent either 36 or 36.
x4 x 4 4x 16 36 4x 16 36
So, x 4 or x 4 when y 0. 4x 16 16 36 16 4x 16 16 36 16
16 04x 0 16 4x 52 4x 20
16 16 04x 0 16 16 4x

52 4x

20
32 04x 0
4 4 4 4
x 13 x 5
So, x 13 or x 5 when y 36.
4x may represent either 32 or 32.
Thus, if the range of y 04x 16 0 is {0, 16, 36},
4x 32 4x 32
4x 32 4x 32 then the domain is {5, 0, 4, 8, 13}.
4
4 4 4 48. Sample answer:
x8 x 8
x x4 y (x, y)
14
36 04x 0 16
1 5 (1, 5)
36 16 04x 0 16 16
2 24 6 (2, 6)
52 04x 0 3 34 7 (3, 7)
Since both 052 0 and 052 0 give 52, the expression 4 44 8 (4, 8)
4x may represent either 52 or 52. 5 54 9 (5, 9)
4x 52 4x 52 For the values of x chosen, the relation is
4x 52 4x 52 {(1, 5), (2, 6), (3, 7), (4, 8), (5, 9)} and the inverse
4
4 4
4
relation is {(5, 1), (6, 2), (7, 3), (8, 4), (9, 5)}.
x 13 x 13
Since each y-coordinate is 4 less than each
x-coordinate in each ordered pair of the inverse
Thus, if the range of y 04x 0 16 is {0, 16, 36}, relation, the equation of the inverse relation is
then the domain is {13, 8, 4, 4, 8, 13}. y x 4.
Chapter 4 146
49. When traveling to other countries, currency and

54. KEYSTROKES: CLEAR 3 X,T,␪,n 12
measurement systems are often different. You
need to convert these systems to the system with 2nd TblSet ENTER 2nd
which you are familiar. Answers should include TABLE 0.4 ENTER 0.6 ENTER 1.8 ENTER
the following.
2.2 ENTER 3.1 ENTER
• At the current exchange rate, 15 pounds is
roughly 10 dollars and 10 pounds is roughly X Y1
7 dollars. Keeping track of every 15 pounds .4 13.2
you spend would be relatively easy. .6 13.8
• If the exchange rate is 0.90 compared to the 1.8 17.4
dollar, then items will cost less in dollars. 2.2 18.6
For example, an item that is 10 in local
3.1 21.3
currency is equivalent to $9.00. If the
exchange rate is 1.04, then items will cost The solution set is {(0.4, 13.2), (0.6, 13.8),
more in dollars. For example, an item that (1.8, 17.4), (2.2, 18.6), (3.1, 21.3)}.
costs 10 in local currency is equivalent to
55. KEYSTROKES: CLEAR 1.4 X,T,␪,n
$10.40.
50. D; 3x y 18 0.76 2nd TABLE ENTER 2nd
3x 3 18 TABLE 2.5 ENTER 1.75 ENTER 0 ENTER
3x 3 3 18 3
1.25 ENTER 3.33 ENTER
3x 21
3
3x 21 X Y1
3
x7 2.5 4.26
51. C; P 2/ 2w A /w 1.75 3.21
14 2/ 2w 12 /w 0 .76
14 2/ 2w 1.25 .99
2
2
3.33 3.902
7/w
So, the sum of the length and width is 7, and the The solution set is {(2.5, 4.26), (1.75, 3.21),
product of the length and width is 12. Of the (0, 0.76), (1.25, 0.99), (3.33, 3.90)}.
dimensions given, this is true only for a 3 4
rectangle.
CLEAR 3 X,T,␪,n Page 217 Maintain Your Skills
52. KEYSTROKES: 4
56. relation: {(4, 9), (3, 2), (1, 5), (4, 2)}
2nd TblSet ENTER 2nd inverse: {(9, 4), (2, 3), (5, 1), (2, 4)}
TABLE 11 ENTER 15 ENTER 23 ENTER 44 57. relation: {(2, 7), (6, 4), (6, 1), (11, 8)}
ENTER inverse: {(7, 2), (4, 6), (1, 6), (8, 11)}
X Y1 58. relation: {(3, 2), (2, 3), (3, 3), (4, 2)}
inverse: {(2, 3), (3, 2), (3, 3), (2, 4)}
11 37
59. To reflect the triangle over the y-axis, multiply
15 41
the x-coordinate of each vertex by 1.
23 65
(x, y) S (x, y)
44 128 X(6, 4) S X¿(6, 4)
The solution set is Y(5, 0) S Y¿(5, 0)
{(11, 37), (15, 41) , (23, 65), (44, 128)}. Z(3, 3) S Z¿(3, 3)
CLEAR 6.5 X,T,␪,n y
53. KEYSTROKES:
TblSet ENTER 2nd X X’
42 2nd Z’ Z
TABLE 8 ENTER 5 ENTER 0 ENTER 3
ENTER 7 ENTER 12 ENTER O x
Y Y’
X Y1
8 94
5 74.5
0 42
3 22.5
7 3.5
12 36
The solution set is {(8, 94), (5, 74.5), (0, 42),
(3, 22.5), (7, 3.5), (12, 36)}.
147 Chapter 4
60. To rotate the quadrilateral 90 counterclockwise 67. Hypothesis: it is hot

about the origin, switch the coordinates of each Conclusion: we will go swimming
vertex and then multiply the new first coordinate 68. Hypothesis: you do your chores
by 1. Conclusion: you get an allowance
(x, y) S (y, x) 69. Hypothesis: 3n 7 17
Q(2, 2) S Q¿(2, 2) Conclusion: n 8
R(3, 3) S R¿(3, 3) 70. Hypothesis: a b and b c
S(1, 4) S S¿(4, 1) Conclusion: a c
T(4, 3) S T¿(3, 4)
71. a 15 20 72. r 9 12
y a 15 15 20 15 r 9 9 12 9
R’ a5 r 21
Q’ Q 73. 4 5n 6 74. 3 8w 35
4 6 5n 6 6 3 8w 3 35 3
10 5n 8w 32
O S’ x 10 5n 8w 32
5
5 8
8
S R 2 n w 4
T g m 3
T’ 75. 4
25 76. 5
5 2
g m 3
2252 2
1 2 5(2)
4 5
6 ? 18 g m 3
61. 45 3 5
1 2 4(3)
15 4 5
?
6(45) 15(18) 4
g m 3 10
4
270 270 m 3 3 10 3
g 12
6 18 m7
The cross products are equal, so 15 45. Since the
ratios are equal, they form a proportion.
62.
11 ? 33
34
4-5 Graphing Linear Equations
12
?
11(34) 12(33)
374 396 Page 221 Check for Understanding
11 33 1. The former will be a graph of four points, and the
The cross products are not equal, so . The
12 34 latter will be a graph of a line.
ratios do not form a proportion.
2a. Sample answer: y 8 is a linear equation in the
8 ? 20
63. 22
55 form Ax By C, where A 0, B 1, and C 8.
? 2b. Sample answer: x 5 is a linear equation in
8(55) 22(20)
the form Ax By C, where A 1, B 0, and
440 440
C 5.
8 20
The cross products are equal, so 22 55. Since the 2c. Sample answer: x y 0 is a linear equation in
ratios are equal, they form a proportion. the form Ax By C, where A 1, B 1, and
6 ? 3 C 0.
64. 8
4
3. Determine the point at which the graph intersects
?
6(4) 8(3) the x-axis by letting y 0 and solving for x.
24 24 Likewise, determine the point at which the graph
6 3 intersects the y-axis by letting x 0 and solving
The cross products are equal, so 8 4. Since the
for y. Draw a line through the two points.
ratios are equal, they form a proportion.
4. Since the term y2 has an exponent of 2, the
3 ? 9
65. 25 equation cannot be written in the form Ax By
5
? C. Therefore, this is not a linear equation.
3(25) 5(9) 5. First rewrite the equation so that the variables
75 45 are on one side of the equation and a constant is
3 9
The cross products are not equal, so 5
25. The on the other side.
ratios do not form a proportion. 3y 2 0
26 ? 12 3y 2 2 0 2
66. 15
35 3y 2
?
26(15) 35(12) The equation can be written as 0x 3y 2.
390 420 Therefore, it is a linear equation in standard form
The cross products are not equal, so
26 12
15. The where A 0, B 3, and C 2.
35
ratios do not form a proportion.
Chapter 4 148
6. To write the equation with integer coefficients, 10. Select five values for the domain and make a table.
multiply each term by 5.
x 2x 8 y (x, y)
3 2
x 5y 5 4 2(4) 8 0 (4, 0)
135 2x 5125 2y 5152
5
5 3 2(3) 8 2 (3, 2)
1 2(1) 8 6 (1, 6)
3x 2y 25
0 2(0) 8 8 (0, 8)
The equation is now in standard form where A 3,
B 2, and C 25. This is a linear equation. 1 2(1) 8 10 (1, 10)
1
7. Since the term y has a variable in the denominator, Graph the ordered pairs and draw a line through
the equation cannot be written in the form Ax By the points.
C. Therefore, this is not a linear equation. y
8. The only value in the domain is 3. Since there is no
y in the equation, the value of y does not depend on
the value on x. Therefore, y can be any real number.
Select five values for the range and make a table.
y 2x 8
x y (x, y)
3 1 (3, 1)
3 0 (3, 0)
3 1 (3, 1) O x
3 2 (3, 2)
3 4 (3, 4)
11. To find the x-intercept, let y 0.
Graph the ordered pairs and draw a line through y 3 x
the points. 0 3 x
y 0 3 3 x 3
3 x
x3 1(3) 1(x)
3 x
The graph intersects the x-axis at (3, 0).
O x
To find the y-intercept, let x 0.
y 3 x
y 3 (0)
y 3
9. Solve the equation for y. The graph intersects the y-axis at (0, 3).
xy0 Plot these points and draw the line that connects
xyx0x them.
y x y
11y2 11x2
yx
Select five values for the domain and make a table. y 3 x
x y (x, y) O x
2 2 (2, 2)
1 1 (1, 1)
0 0 (0, 0)
2 2 (2, 2)
4 4 (4, 4)
Graph the ordered pairs and draw a line through

the points.
y
xy0
O x
149 Chapter 4
12. To find the x-intercept, let y 0. 14. Select five values for the domain and make a table.
x 4y 10 m 0.75m 2.25 c (m, c)
x 4102 10 0 0.75(0) 2.25 2.25 (0, 2.25)
x 10
4 0.75(4) 2.25 5.25 (4, 5.25)
8 0.75(8) 2.25 8.25 (8, 8.25)
12 0.75(12) 2.25 11.25 (12, 11.25)
x 4y 10
16 0.75(16) 2.25 14.25 (16, 14.25)
0 4y 10
4y 10 Graph the ordered pairs and draw a line through
4y 10
4
4
the points.
y 2.5 c
18
The graph intersects the y-axis at (0, 2.5). 16
Plot these points and draw the line that connects 14
them. 12
Cost
y ($) 10
8
x 4y 10 6
4
2 c 0.75m 2.25
m
x
O 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Miles
15. Use the graph to estimate the y-coordinate in the
ordered pair that contains 18 as the x-coordinate.
The ordered pair (18, 16) appears to be on the
line, so an 18-mile taxi ride will cost about $16.
To check this solution algebraically, substitute
4x 3y 12 m 18 into the original equation:
4x 3(0) 12
c 0.75m 2.25
4x 12
c 0.751182 2.25
4x 12
4
4 c 15.75
x3 An 18-mile taxi ride will cost $15.75.
4x 3y 12 Pages 221–223 Practice and Apply
4(0) 3y 12 16. First rewrite the equation so that the variables
3y 12 are on the same side of the equation.
3y 12 3x 5y

3 3 3x 5y 5y 5y
y4 3x 5y 0
The graph intersects the y-axis at (0, 4). The equation is now in standard form where A 3,
Plot these points and draw the line that connects B 5, and C 0. This is a linear equation.
them. 17. First rewrite the equation so that the variables
y are on the same side of the equation.
4x 3y 12 6 y 2x
6 y y 2x y
6 2x y
2x y 6
O x The equation is now in standard form where A 2,
B 1, and C 6. This is a linear equation.
18. Since the term 6xy has two variables, the equation
cannot be written in the form Ax By C.
Therefore, this is not a linear equation.
Chapter 4 150
19. First rewrite the equation so that the variables 25. First rewrite the equation so that the variables
are on one side of the equation and a constant is are on one side of the equation and a constant is
on the other side. on the other side.
y50 3a b 2 b
y5505 3a b 2 b b b
y 5 3a 2 0
The equation can be written as 0x y 5. 3a 2 2 0 2
Therefore, it is a linear equation in standard form 3a 2
where A 0, B 1, and C 5. The equation can be written as 3a 0b 2.
20. First simplify. Then rewrite the equation so that Therefore, it is a linear equation in standard form
the variables are on the same side of the equation. where A 3, B 0, and C 2.
7y 2x 5x 26. The only value in the range is 1. Since there is
7y 7x no x in the equation, the value of x does not
7y 7y 7x 7y depend on y. Therefore, x can be any real number.
0 7x 7y Select five values for the domain and make a
7x 7y 0 table.
Since the GCF of 7, 7, and 0 is not 1, divide x y (x, y)
each side by 7. 3 1 (3, 1)
7(x y) 0 1 1 (1, 1)
7(x y2 0
7
7 0 1 (0, 1)
xy0 2 1 (2, 1)
The equation is now in standard form where A 1, 4 1 (4, 1)
21. Since the term 4x2 has an exponent of 2, the the points.
equation cannot be written in the form Ax By
y
C. Therefore, this is not a linear equation.
3 4
22. Since each of the terms x and y has a variable in
the denominator, the equation cannot be written
in the form Ax By C. Therefore, this is not a
linear equation. O x
23. To write the equation with integer coefficients,
multiply each term by 6. y 1
x 2y
10
1 2 6(10) 61 3 2
2 3
x 2y
6 2
3x 60 4y 27. Select five values for the domain and make a
table.
Then rewrite the equation so that the variables
are on the same side of the equation. x 2x y (x, y)
3x 4y 60 4y 4y 2 2(2) 4 (2, 4)
3x 4y 60 1 2(1) 2 (1, 2)
The equation is now in standard form the A 3, 0 2(0) 0 (0, 0)
B 4, and C 60. This is a linear equation. 1 2(1) 2 (1, 2)
24. First rewrite the equation so that the variables 2 2(2) 4 (2, 4)
are on the same side of the equation.
7n 8m 4 2m
the points.
7n 8m 2m 4 2m 2m
7n 6m 4 y
6m 7n 4
1(6m 7n) 1(4) y 2x
6m 7n 4
The equation is now in standard form where A 6, O x
151 Chapter 4
28. Select five values for the domain and make a Graph the ordered pairs and draw a line through
table. the points.
x 5x y (x, y) y
1 5 (1) 6 (1, 6)
0 50 5 (0, 5)
1 51 4 (1, 4)
y 4 3x
3 53 2 (3, 2)
O x
5 55 0 (5, 0)
the points.
y 31. Select five values for the domain and make a table.
y5x x x6 y (x, y)
1 1 6 7 (1, 7)
0 06 6 (0, 6)
2 26 4 (2, 4)
O x 4 46 2 (4, 2)
6 66 0 (6, 0)
29. Select five values for the domain and make a the points.
table. y
x 2x 8 y (x, y)
O x
1 2(1) 8 10 (1, 10)
0 2(0) 8 8 (0, 8)
2 2(2) 8 4 (2, 4)
yx6
4 2(4) 8 0 (4, 0)
5 2(5) 8 2 (5, 2)

the points. 32. Solve the equation for y.
y x 3y
1 1
x 3
(x) 3 (3) y
O
1
3
xy
y 2x 8
Select five values for the domain and make a table.
1
x 3
x y (x, y)
1
3 (3) 1 (3, 1)
11, 13 2
3
1 1
1 3
(1) 3
1
30. Select five values for the domain and make a 0 (0) 0 (0, 0)
11, 13 2
3
table. 1 1
1 3
(1) 3
x 4 3x y (x, y) 1
1 4 3(1) 7 (1, 7) 3 3
(3) 1 (3, 1)
0 4 3(0) 4 (0, 4) Graph the ordered pairs and draw a line through
1 4 3(1) 1 (1, 1) the points.
2 4 3(2) 2 (2, 2) y
3 4 3(3) 5 (3, 5)
x 3y
O x
Chapter 4 152
33. Solve the equation for y. 35. Solve the equation for y.
x 4y 6 x 3y 9
x 6 4y 6 6 x 3y x 9 x
x 6 4y 3y 9 x
x 6 4y 3y 9 x
4
4 3
3
x 6 9 x
4
y y 3
Select five values for the domain and make a table. Select five values for the domain and make a table.
x 6 9 x
x 4
y (x, y) x 3
y (x, y)
6 6 9 (3)
6 0 (6, 0) 3 4 (3, 4)
14, 2 12, 323 2

4 3
4 6 1 1 9 (2)
4 4 2 2 2
2
33
3
2 6 9 0
2 1 (2, 1) 0 3 (0, 3)
10, 2 11, 223 2

4 3
0 6 1 1 9 1 2
0 12 12 1 23
11, 134 2
4 3
1 6 3 9 3
1 4
14 3 2 (3, 2)
3
Graph the ordered pairs and draw a line through Graph the ordered pairs and draw a line through
the points. the points.
y
y
x 4y 6
x 3y 9
O x
O x
34. Solve the equation for y.

x y 3
x y x 3 x 4x 6y 8
y 3 x 4x 6(0) 8
1(y) 1(3 x) 4x 8
4x 8
y3x 4
4
Select five values for the domain and make a x2
table. The graph intersects the x-axis at (2, 0).
x 3x y (x, y) To find the y-intercept, let x 0.
3 3 (3) 0 (3, 0) 4x 6y 8
1 3 (1) 2 (1, 2) 4(0) 6y 8
0 30 3 (0, 3) 6y 8
6y 8
1 31 4 (1, 4) 6
6
2 32 5 (2, 5) 4
y 3 or 13
1

the points.
The graph intersects the y-axis at 0, 13 . 1 1
2
Plot these points and draw the line that connects
y
them.
x y 3 y
4x 6y 8
O x
O x
153 Chapter 4
37. To find the x-intercept, let y 0. 39. Solve the equation for y.
3x 2y 15 2.5x 5y 75
3x 2(0) 15 2.5x 5y 2.5x 75 2.5x
3x 15 5y 75 2.5x
3x 15 5y 75 2.5x
3
3 5
5
x5 y 15 0.5x
The graph intersects the x-axis at (5, 0). Select five values for the domain and make a table.
To find the y-intercept, let x 0. x 15 0.5x y (x, y)
3x 2y 15 2 15 0.5(2) 16 (2, 16)
3(0) 2y 15
0 15 0.5(0) 15 (0, 15)
2y 15
2y 15 2 15 0.5(2) 14 (2, 14)
2
2 6 15 0.5(6) 12 (6, 12)
y 7.5 10 15 0.5(10) 10 (10, 10)
The graph intersects the y-axis at (0, 7.5).
Plot these points and draw the line that connects the points.
them.
y
y 16
14
O x 12
10
3x 2y 15
8 2.5x 5y 75
6
4
2
O
42 2 4 6 8 10 12x

38. To find the x-intercept, let y 0. 1
1.5x y 4 2
xy4
1.5x (0) 4 x 102 4
1
2
1.5x 4 1
x4
1 2 x 2(4)
1.5x 4
1.5
1.5 2
1
2 2
x 23 2
1 2
2 x8
The graph intersects the x-axis at 23, 0 .
To find the y-intercept, let x 0. To find the y-intercept, let x 0.
1.5x y 4 1
xy4
1.5(0) y 4 2
1
y4 2
(0) y4
The graph intersects the y-axis at (0, 4). y4
Plot these points and draw the line that connects The graph intersects the y-axis at (0, 4).
them.
y them.
y
1.5x y 4
x
O x 1
O 2
xy4
Chapter 4 154
41. To find the x-intercept, let y 0. Plot these points and draw the line that connects
2 them.
x y1 3
2
y
x 3 (0) 1 2
x1 4x 3y
3
41
To find the y-intercept, let x 0. 2 1 O 1 2x
2
x3y1 1
2
(0) 3 y 1
2
3 y 1
3
1 22
2 3 y 2 (1)
3 43. Solve the equation for y.
1 1
y 1.5 y 3 4x 3
1 1 1 1
The graph intersects the y-axis at (0, 1.5). y 3 3 4x 3 3
Plot these points and draw the line that connects y 4x 3
1 10
them.
Select five values for the domain and make a
y table.
1 10
2
x 3y 1 x x y (x, y)
11, 3127 2
4 3
1 10 7
1 (1) 312
10, 313 2
4 3
O x 1 10 1
0 (0) 33
12, 256 2
4 3
1 10 5
2 (2) 26
14, 213 2
4 3
1 10 1
4 (4) 23
16, 156 2
4 3
42. To find the x-intercept, let y 0. 1 10 5
6 4
(6) 3
16
4x 3y
3
4
1
4x 3(0) Graph the ordered pairs and draw a line through
3
4
1 the points.
4x
1
1 2x
3 y
3 4 3
4 3 4
(1)
x 0.75
The graph intersects the x-axis at (0.75, 0).
O x
4x 3y
3
4
1
1 1
4(0)

3y
1 y 3 4x 3
3 4
3y
0 4
1 44. To find the x-intercept, let y 0.
01
3y
1 1 4x 7y 14
4
3y
4x 7(0) 14
1 4x 14
12
4
4 4 3 4x 14
(1) y 4
4
3 3 4
7
4
3 y x 2
1 7 1
13 y The x-intercept is or 32.
1 2
2
The graph intersects the y-axis at 0, 13 .

1 To find the y-intercept, let x 0.
4x 7y 14
4(0) 7y 14
7y 14
7y 14
7
7
y 2.
The y-intercept is 2.
155 Chapter 4
45. Since the x-intercept is 3, the graph intersects the 49. t 0.21t d (t, d)
x-axis at (3, 0). Since the y-intercept is 5, the
0 0.21(0) 0 (0, 0)
graph intersects the y-axis at (0, 5). Both points,
(3, 0) and (0, 5), lie on the line, so must make 2 0.21(2) 0.42 (2, 0.42)
Ax By C true. 4 0.21(4) 0.84 (4, 0.84)
Substituting (3, 0) for (x, y), we have A(3) B(0) 6 0.21(6) 1.26 (6, 1.26)
C, or 3A C. 8 0.21(8) 1.68 (8, 1.68)
Substituting (0, 5) for (x, y) we have A(0) B(5) 10 0.21(10) 2.1 (10, 2.1)
C, or 5B C. 12 0.21(12) 2.52 (12, 2.52)
Since 3A C and 5B C, we can conclude that 14 0.21(14) 2.94 (14, 2.94)
3A 5B. 16 0.21(16) 3.36 (16, 3.36)
Since A and B must be integers with a GCF of 1,
A 5 and B 3. This means C 15. 50. Graph the ordered pairs in the table and draw a
line through the points.
Therefore, the equation of the line with an
x-intercept of 3 and a y-intercept of 5 in standard d
Distance (miles)
5
form is 5x 3y 15. 4
46. 2/ 2w P 3 d 0.21t
2(2x) 2( y) 30 2
4x 2y 30 1 t
Since the GCF of 4, 2, and 30 is not 1, the 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
equation is not written in standard form. Divide Time (seconds)
each side by the GCF.
51. Use the graph to estimate the value of the
2(2x y) 30
2(2x y)
x-coordinate in the ordered pair that contains
30
2
2 3 as the y-coordinate. The ordered pair (14, 3)
2x y 15 appears to be on the line. To check this solution
algebraically, substitute d 3 into the original
equation:
2x y 15
d 0.21t
2x (0) 15
3 0.21t
2x 15
3 0.21t
2x 15
2
2
0.21 0.21
14.29 t
x 7.5
So, it will take about 14 s to hear the thunder
The x-intercept of the graph is 7.5.
from a storm 3 mi away.
52. Select five values for w and make a table.
2x y 15
2(0) y 15 w 0.07w y (w, y)
y 15 100 0.07(100) 7 (100, 7)
The y-intercept of the graph is 15. 140 0.07(140) 9.8 (140, 9.8)
48. Since the x-intercept is 7.5, the graph crosses the 220 0.07(220) 15.4 (220, 15.4)
x-axis at (7.5, 0). Since the y-intercept is 15, the 260 0.07(260) 18.2 (260, 18.2)
graph crosses the y-axis at (0, 15). Plot these 300 0.07(300) 21 (300, 21)
points and draw the line that connects them.
Graph the ordered pairs in the table and draw a
y
18 line through the points.
16 24
14 y
12 20
10
Pints of Blood
8 16
6
4 12
2
O x 8 w
0 100 140 180 220 260 300 340
Weight (lb)
Chapter 4 156
53. Use the graph to estimate the value of the 58. You can graph an equation that represents how
x-coordinate in the ordered pair that contains 12 as many Calories and nutrients your diet should
the y-coordinate. The ordered pair (170, 12) appears contain. Since your diet is different every day, it is
to be on the line. To check this solution algebraically, easier to use the graph to determine your goal
substitute y 12 into the original equation: instead of making calculations every day. Answers
y 0.07w should include the following.
12 0.07w • Nutrition information labels provide facts
12

0.07w about how many grams of fat are in each
0.07 0.07
serving and/or how many Calories are from fat.
171.43 w
• The number of grams of protein would equal
So, a person weighing about 171 lb will have 10% of the total number of Calories divided by
12 pt of blood. 4 Calories per gram or p 0.025C.
54. Select five values for d and make a table. 59. A; x 3x 5 y (x, y)
d 0.43d 14.7 p (d, p) 1 3(1) 5 2 (1, 2)
0 0.43(0) 14.7 14.7 (0, 14.7)
60. B; of the given points, only (2, 2) appears to lie on
20 0.43(20) 14.7 23.3 (20, 23.3) the line.
60 0.43(60) 14.7 40.5 (60, 40.5)
80 0.43(80) 14.7 49.1 (80, 49.1)
100 0.43(100) 14.7 57.7 (100, 57.7) Page 223 Maintain Your Skills
Graph the ordered pairs in the table and draw a 61. x x5 y (x, y)
line through the points. 3 3 5 8 (3, 8)
p 1 1 5 6 (1, 6)
100
2 25 3 (2, 3)
5 55 0 (5, 0)
80 8 85 3 (8, 3)
60 The solution set is

{(3, 8), (1, 6), (2, 3), (5, 0), (8, 3)}.
40 62. x 2x 1 y (x, y)
20 3 2(3) 1 5 (3, 5)
1 2(1) 1 1 (1, 1)
O 20 40 60 80 100 d 2 2(2) 1 5 (2, 5)
5 2(5) 1 11 (5, 11)
55. Substitute d 400 into the equation:
8 2(8) 1 17 (8, 17)
p 0.43d 14.7
p 0.43(4002 14.7 The solution set is
p 186.7 {(3, 5), (1, 1), (2, 5), (5, 11), (8, 17)}.
At a depth of 400 ft, the pressure is 186.7 psi. 63. First solve the equation for y in terms of x.
56. The pressure at sea level is 14.7 psi. The pressure 3x y 12
186.7
at 400 ft, 186.7 psi, is 14.7 12.7 times as great. 3x y 3x 12 3x
57. Solve the equation for y in terms of x. y 12 3x
2x y 8 x 12 3x y (x, y)
2x y 2x 8 2x 3 12 3(3) 21 (3, 21)
y 8 2x 1 12 3(1) 15 (1, 15)
1(y) 1(8 2x)
2 12 3(2) 6 (2, 6)
y 2x 8
5 12 3(5) 3 (5, 3)
Substitute the value for x into the expression
2x 8. If the value of y is less than the value of 8 12 3(8) 12 (8, 12)
2x 8, then the point lies below the line. If the The solution set is
value of y is greater than the value of 2x 8, {(3, 21), (1, 15), (2, 6), (5, 3), (8, 12)}.
then the point lies above the line. If the value of
y is equal to the value of x, then the point lies on
the line. Sample answers:
(1, 5) Since 5 7 2(1) 8, the point (1, 5) lies
above the line.
(5, 1) Since 1 6 2(5) 8, the point (5, 1) lies
below the line.
(6, 4) Since 4 2(6) 8, the point (6, 4) lies on
the line.
157 Chapter 4
64. First solve the equation for y in terms of x. 67. x y y

2 x y 3 3 5
2 x y 2x 3 2x
4 1
y 3 2x
1(y2 113 2x2 3 2
y 3 2x 3 1
O x
x 3 2x y (x, y) X Y
3 3 2(3) 3 (3, 3)
5
1 3 2(1) 1 (1, 1) 3
1
2 3 2(2) 7 (2, 7) 4
2
3
5 3 2(5) 13 (5, 13) 1
8 3 2(8) 19 (8, 19)
The solution set is The domain of this relation is {4, 3, 3}.
{(3, 3), (1, 1), (2, 7), (5, 13), (8, 19)}. The range is {1, 1, 2, 5}.
65. First solve the equation for y in terms of x. 68. x y y
1
3x 2
y 6 4 0
1 2 3
3x y 3x 6 3x
2
1 3
1
2 y 6 3x O x
1 2y 2(6 3x)
4 4
1
2 2
X Y
y 6x 12
x 6x 12 y (x, y)
4 0
3 6(3) 12 30 (3, 30) 2 3
1 6(1) 12 18 (1, 18) 1 4
2 6(2) 12 0 (2, 0)
5 6(5) 12 18 (5, 18)
The domain of the relation is {1, 2, 4}. The
8 6(8) 12 36 (8, 36) range is {3, 0, 4}.
The solution set is 69. x y y
{(3, 30), (1, 18), (2, 0), (5, 18), (8, 36)}.
1 4
3 0
1
2x 3 y 4 1 1
1 3 5
2x 3 y 2x 4 2x
O x
1 X Y
y 4 2x
12
3
1
3 3
y 3(4 2x) 4
1
0
y 12 6x 3
1
1
x 12 6x y (x, y) 5
3 12 6(3) 6 (3, 6)
1 12 6(1) 6 (1, 6)
The domain of the relation is {1, 1, 3}. The
2 12 6(2) 24 (2, 24)
range is {1, 0, 4, 5}.
5 12 6(5) 42 (5, 42)
8 12 6(8) 60 (8, 60)
The solution set is
{(3, 6), (1, 6), (2, 24), (5, 42), (8, 60)}.
Chapter 4 158
70. x y y 74. 6(x 32 3x

6x 18 3x
4 5
6x 18 3x 3x 3x
2 5 3x 18 0
4 1 3x 18 18 0 18
3 2 3x 18
O x 3x 18
3
3
X Y
x 6
Check: 6(x 3) 3x
4 5 ?
2 1 6[ (6) 3] 3(6)
?
3 2 6(3) 18
18 18 ✓
The domain of the relation is {2, 3, 4}. The range so use a scale that includes these values. Place an
is {1, 2, 5}. X above each value for each occurrence.
71. 2(x 22 3x (4x 52
2x 4 3x 4x 5

2x 4 x 5
2x 4 x x 5 x
3x 4 5 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 40
3x 4 4 5 4 76. Looking at the line plot, we can see that there are
3x 9 12 Xs above the numbers between 7 and 16,
3x 9
3
3 inclusive. So, 12 animals have average life spans
between 7 and 16 years, inclusive.
x3
77. Since there are more Xs above 15 than above any
Check: 2(x 2) 3x (4x 5)
? other number, we can easily see that an average
2(3 2) 3(3) [4(3) 5] life span of 15 years occurs most frequently.
?
2(1) 9 (12 5) 78. Since there are 4 Xs above numbers 20 and
?
2 9 (7) greater, there are 4 animals with average life
22✓ spans of at least 20 years.
72. 3a 8 2a 4 79. 19 5 4 19 20
3a 8 2a 2a 4 2a 39
a 8 4 80. (25 4) (22 13) (25 4) (4 1)
a 8 8 4 8 21 3
a 12 7
Check: 3a 8 2a 4 81. 12 4 15 3 3 45
?
3(12) 8 2(12) 4 48
?
36 8 24 4 82. 12(19 15) 3 8 12(4) 3 8
28 28 ✓ 48 24
73. 3n 12 5n 20 24
3n 12 3n 5n 20 3n 83. 6(43 22) 6(64 4)
12 2n 20 6(68)
12 20 2n 20 20 408
8 2n 84. 7[43 2(4 3)] 7 2 7[43 2(4 3 )] 7 2
8

2n 7[64 2(7)] 7 2
2 2
7(64 14) 7 2
4n
7(50) 7 2
Check: 3n 12 5n 20 350 7 2
?
3(4) 12 5(4) 20 50 2
?
12 12 20 20 52
00✓
159 Chapter 4
PQ249-6481F-04[122-168] 14/8/02 03:24 PM Page 160 Sahuja Ahuja_QXP_13:InProcess_AQ13:Sunita_14/8/02:
Pages 224–225 Graphing Calculator 5. First solve the equation for y.

Investigation (Follow-Up of Lesson 4-5) x y 2
x y x 2 x
1. KEYSTROKES: CLEAR X,T,␪,n 2 y 2 x
ZOOM 6
[⫺10, 10] scl: 1 by [⫺10, 10] scl: 1

[⫺10, 10] scl: 1 by [⫺10, 10] scl: 1
KEYSTROKES: CLEAR 2 X,T,␪,n
2. KEYSTROKES: CLEAR 4 X,T,␪,n 5 ZOOM 6
ZOOM 6 6. First solve the equation for y.
x 4y 8
x 4y x 8 x
4y 8 x
4y 8 x
4
4
x 8
y 4
[⫺10, 10] scl: 1 by [⫺10, 10] scl: 1
3. KEYSTROKES: CLEAR 6 5 X,T,␪,n

ZOOM 6
[⫺10, 10] scl: 1 by [⫺10, 10] scl: 1
KEYSTROKES: CLEAR ( X,T,␪,n

8 ) ⫼ 4 ZOOM 6
[⫺10, 10] scl: 1 by [⫺10, 10] scl: 1 7. KEYSTROKES: CLEAR 5 X,T,␪,n 9

4. First solve the equation for y.
ZOOM 6
2x y 6 Since the origin and the x- and y-intercepts of the
2x y 2x 6 2x graph are displayed, the graph is complete.
y 6 2x
[⫺10, 10] scl: 1 by [⫺10, 10] scl: 1
[⫺10, 10] scl: 1 by [⫺10, 10] scl: 1 8. KEYSTROKES: CLEAR 10 X,T,␪,n 6

ZOOM 6
KEYSTROKES: CLEAR 6 2 X,T,␪,n
ZOOM 6 Since the origin and the x- and y-intercepts of the
graph are displayed, the graph is complete.
[⫺10, 10] scl: 1 by [⫺10, 10] scl: 1
Chapter 4 160
11. First solve the equation for y.

9. KEYSTROKES: CLEAR 3 X,T,␪,n 18
4x 2y 21
ZOOM 6 4x 2y 4x 21 4x
Since the y-intercept is outside of the standard 2y 21 4x
viewing window, the graph is not complete. Find 2y 21 4x
2
2
the y-intercept.
y 3x 18 y 10.5 2x
y 3(0) 18 KEYSTROKES: CLEAR 10.5 2 X,T,␪,n
y 18 ZOOM 6
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1

[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
One possible viewing window that will show a
complete graph is [2, 10] scl: 1 by [20, 6] scl: 2. Since the y-intercept is outside of the standard
viewing window, the graph is not complete. Find
the y-intercept.
4x 2y 21
4102 2y 21
2y 21
2y 21
2
2
[2, 10] scl: 1 by [20, 6] scl: 2 y 10.5

10. First solve the equation for y. complete graph is [5, 10] scl: 1 by [5, 15] scl: 1.
3x y 12
3x y 3x 12 3x
y 12 3x
11y2 112 3x2
y 3x 12
KEYSTROKES: CLEAR 3 X,T,␪,n 12

ZOOM 6
[5, 10] scl: 1 by [5, 15] scl: 1
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
Since the y-intercept is outside of the standard

the y-intercept.
3x y 12
3102 y 12
y 12
11y2 11122
y 12
complete graph is [2, 8] scl: 1 by [15, 5] scl: 1.
[2, 8] scl: 1 by [15, 5] scl: 1
161 Chapter 4
12. First solve the equation for y. 4. The mapping represents a function since, for each
3x 5y 45 element of the domain, there is only one
3x 5y 3x 45 3x corresponding element in the range. It does not
5y 45 3x matter if two elements of the domain, 2 and 4,
5y 45 3x are paired with the same element in the range.
5
5 5. The table represents a relation that is not a
45 3x
y 5
function. The element 2 in the domain is paired
with both 1 and 4 in the range. If you are given
KEYSTROKES: CLEAR ( 45 3 that x is 2, you cannot determine the value of y.
X,T,␪,n ) ⫼ 5 ZOOM 6 6. Since an element of the domain is paired with
more than one element in the range, the relation
is not a function. If you are given that x is 24, you
cannot determine the value of y since both 1 and
5 in the range are paired with x 24.
7. Graph the equation using the x- and y-intercepts.
For each value of x, a vertical line passes through
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1 no more than one point on the graph. Thus, the
line represents a function.
Since the x-intercept is outside of the standard
y
the x-intercept.
3x 5y 45
3x 5102 45
3x 45 O x
3x
3
45
x 15
One possible viewing window that will show
a complete graph is [20, 4] scl: 2 by [10, 5]
scl: 1. 8. The vertical line x 1 intersects the graph at two
points, (1, 2) and (1, 1). Thus, the relation
graphed does not represent a function.
9. For each value of x, a vertical line passes through
no more than one point on the graph. Thus, the
relation graphed represents a function.
10. f(x) 4x 5 11. g(x) x 2 1
f(2) 4(2) 5 g(1) (1) 2 1
[20, 4] scl: 2 by [10, 5] scl: 1 85 11
3 2
14. The complete graph is in the standard viewing 12. f(x) 4x 5 13. g(x) x 2 1
window if 10 b 10. f(c) 4(c) 5 g(t) 4 [ (t) 2 1] 4
4c 5
15. b is the y-intercept of the graph. t2 1 4
t2 3
14. f(x) 4x 5 15. f(x) 4x 5
4-6 Functions f(3a2 ) 4(3a2 ) 5 f(x 5) 4(x 5) 5
12a2 5 4x 20 5
4x 15
Pages 228–229 Check for Understanding 16. D;
1. y is not a function of x since 3 in the domain is
x** 2x 1
paired with 2 and 3 in the range. x is not a
function of y since 3 in the domain of the 5** 2** [2(5) 1] [ 2(2) 1]
inverse is paired with 4 and 3 in the range. (10 1) (4 1)
93
2. Sample answer: # x # x 1
6
3. x c, where c is any constant is a linear equation
that is not a function, since the value of c in the
domain is paired with every real number.
17. The mapping does not represent a function since
the element 3 in the domain is paired with two
elements in the range.
Chapter 4 162
18. The mapping represents a function since, for each 27. Graph the equation. For each value of x, a vertical
element in the domain, there is only one line passes through no more than one point on the
corresponding element in the range. graph. Thus, the equation represents a function.
19. The table represents a relation that is a function y
since each element in the domain is paired with
exactly one element in the range.
20. The table represents a relation that is not a
O x
with both 6 and 2 in the range.
28. Graph the equation. For each value of x, a vertical
line passes through no more than one point on the
graph. Thus, the equation represents a function.
23. Since each element of the domain is paired with
y
exactly one element of the range, the relation is a
function.
24. Since an element of the domain is paired with
is not a function. Both 5 and 7 in the range are O x
paired with x 4.
25. Graph the equation. For each value of x, a vertical
line passes through no more than one point on the
graph. Thus, the equation represents a function.
y 29. The line x 1 intersects the graph at (1, 1), (1, 2),
16
(1, 1.5), and many other points. Thus, the relation
12
8 graphed does not represent a function.
4 30. The vertical line x 2 intersects the graph at
two points, (2, 2) and (2, 2). Thus, the
–16 –12 –8 –4 O 4 8 12 16 x
–4 relation graphed does not represent a function.
–8 31. For each value of x, a vertical line passes through
–12
–16
y 8 32. f(x) 3x 7 33. f(x) 3x 7
f(3) 3(3) 7 f(2) 3(2) 7
26. Graph the equation. The vertical line x 15
97 6 7
intersects the graph at more than one point.
16 1
Thus, the equation does not represent a function.
y 34. g(x) x2 2x 35. g(x) x2 2x
20 g(5) (5) 2 2(5) g(0) (0) 2 2(0)
15 25 10 00
10
15 0
5
36. g(x) x2 2x
–20 –15–10 –5 O 5 10 15 20 x
–5 g(3) 1 [ (3) 2 2(3) ] 1
–10 [ 9 (6) ] 1
–15
15 1
–20
16
x 15 37. f(x) 3x 7
f(8) 5 [ 3(8) 7] 5
(24 7) 5
31 5
26
38. g(x) x2 2x 39. f(x) 3x 7
g(2c) (2c) 2 2(2c) f(a2 ) 3(a2 ) 7
4c2 4c 3a2 7
40. f(x) 3x 7
f(K 2) 3(K 2) 7
3K 6 7
3K 13
163 Chapter 4
41. f(x) 3x 7 48. It appears that the ordered pair (4000, 55)
f(2m 5) 3(2m 5) 7 represents a point that lies on the line. To check
6m 15 7 this solution algebraically, substitute h 4000
6m 8 into the function:
42. g(x) x2 2x f(4000) 77 0.005(4000)
3[g(x) 4] 3[ (x2 2x) 4] 77 20
3(x2 2x 4) 57
3x2 6x 12 The temperature at 4000 ft is 57F.
43. f(x) 3x 7 49. Select five values for s and make a table.
2[f(x2 ) 5] 2[ (3x2 7) 5] s 0.8s 72 f(s) (s, f(s))
2(3x2 2) 0 0.8(0) 72 72 (0, 72)
6x2 4 100 0.8(100) 72 152 (100, 152)
44. a; The cost is the same for 0–1 hour, excluding 0. 200 0.8(200) 72 232 (200, 232)
Then it jumps after 1 hour and remains the same
300 0.8(300) 72 312 (300, 312)
up to 2 hours. So the line is constant for x values
between 0 and 1, then it jumps at 1. This trend 400 0.8(400) 72 392 (400, 392)
continues at each hourly interval until 5 hours; Graph the ordered pairs and draw the line that
then the cost is constant. This trend is best connects them.
represented by graph a. f (s )
450
Since, for each value of x, a vertical line passes
400
through no more than one point on the graph, the
Math Scores
350
relation represents a function. 300
45. Since the equation t 77 0.005h is solved for t, h 250
is the independent variable and t is the dependent 200
variable. This means h represents the elements of 150 f (s) 0.8s 72
the domain. Therefore, in function notation, the 100
corresponding elements in the range are represented 50
by f(h). Thus, the original equation can be written in O
100 200 300 400 s
function notation as f(h) 77 0.005h.
Science Scores
46. f(100) 77 0.005(100)
77 0.5 50. It appears that (290, 308) is a point that lies on
76.5 the line. To check this solution algebraically,
f(200) 77 0.005(200) substitute f(s) 308 into the function:
77 1 f(s) 0.8s 72
76 308 0.8s 72
f(1000) 77 0.005(1000) 308 72 0.8s 72 72
77 5 236 0.8s
236 0.8s
72
0.8 0.8
47. Using the function values determined in Exercise 295 s
46, make a table.
A science score of 295 corresponds to a math score
h f(h) (h, f(h)) of 308.
100 76.5 (100, 76.5) 51. Krista’s math score is above the average because
200 76 (200, 76) the point at (260, 320) lies above the graph of the
1000 72 (1000, 72) line for f(s).
2000 67 (2000, 67) 52. The set of ordered pairs {(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)}
represents a function since each element of the
5000 52 (5000, 52)
domain is paired with exactly one element of the
Graph the ordered pairs and draw the line that range. The inverse of this function, {(2, 1), (4, 3),
connects them. (6, 5)}, is also a function.
t However, {(1, 2), (3, 2), (5, 6)} is a function, while
90
its inverse {(2, 1), (2, 3), (6, 5)} is not a function
Temperature (°F)
80 t 770.005h
70
since the element 2 in the domain is paired with
60 both 1 and 3 in the range.
50 It is sometimes true that the inverse of a function
40 is also a function.
30
20
10
O 1000 2000 3000 4000 h

Height (ft)
Chapter 4 164
53. Functions can be used in meteorology to Graph the ordered pairs and draw a line through
determine if there is a relationship between the points.
certain weather conditions. This can help to y
predict future weather patterns. Answers should
• As barometric pressure decreases,
temperature increases. As barometric pressure
O x
increases, temperature decreases.
• The relation is not a function since there is more
than one temperature for a given barometric y 2x 4
pressure. However, there is still a pattern in the
data and the two variables are related.
54. A; f(x) 20 2x 58. To find the x-intercept, let y 0.
f(7) 20 2(7) 2x 5y 10
20 14 2x 5(0) 10
6 2x 10
2x 10
55. A; 2
2
I. If f(x) 2x, then f(3x) 2(3x) 6x and x5
3[f(x) ] 3(2x) 6x. So it is true that The graph intersects the x-axis at (5, 0).
f(3x) 3[f(x) ].
II. If f(x) 2x, then
2x 5y 10
f(x 3) 2(x 3) 2x 6 and
2(0) 5y 10
f(x) 3 2x 3. So it is not true that
5y 10
f(x 3) f(x) 3.
5y 10

III. If f(x) 2x, then f(x2 ) 2(x2 ) 2x2 and 5 5
[ f(x) ] 2 (2x) 2 4x2. So it is not true that y2

f(x2 ) [f(x) ] 2. The graph intersects the y-axis at (0, 2).
Thus, only statement I is true. Plot these points and draw the line that connects
them.
y
56. Select five values for the domain and make a table.
2x 5y 10
x x3 y (x, y)
3 3 3 0 (3, 0) O x
1 1 3 2 (1, 2)
0 03 3 (0, 3)
1 13 4 (1, 4)
2 23 5 (2, 5) 59. x y y 5x 3 True or False?
Graph the ordered pairs and draw a line through 3 12 12 5(3) 3
true ✓
the points. 12 12
y 1 2 2 5(1) 3
false
yx3
2 2
2 7 7 5(2) 3
false
7 13
1 8 8 5(1) 3
O x true ✓
8 8
The solution set is {(3, 12), (1, 8)}.
57. Select five values for the domain and make a table.
x 2x 4 y (x, y)
0 2(0) 4 4 (0, 4)
1 2(1) 4 2 (1, 2)
2 2(2) 4 0 (2, 0)
3 2(3) 4 2 (3, 2)
4 2(4) 4 4 (4, 4)
165 Chapter 4
60. x y y 2x 6 True or False? Page 231 Practice Quiz 2

3 0 0 2(3) 6 1. x x5 y (x, y)
false
0 12 3 3 5 2 (3, 2)
1 4 4 2(1) 6 1 1 5 4 (1, 4)
true ✓
44 0 05 5 (0, 5)
6 0 0 2(6) 6 2 25 7 (2, 7)
false
0 18
4 45 9 (4, 9)
5 1 1 2(5) 6
false The solution set is
1 16
{(3, 2), (1, 4), (0, 5), (2, 7), (4, 9)}.
The solution set is {(1, 4)}.
2. x 3x 4 y (x, y)
61. Let t represent the number of hours it will take
Adam to finish the 26-mile marathon. 3 3(3) 4 5 (3, 5)
(45 min 0.75 h) 1 3(1) 4 1 (1, 1)
6.2 26 0 3(0) 4 4 (0, 4)
0.75
t
2 3(2) 4 10 (2, 10)
6.2(t) 0.75(26)
4 3(4) 4 16 (4, 16)
6.2t 19.5
6.2t

19.5 The solution set is
6.2 6.2
{(3, 5), (1, 1), (0, 4), (2, 10), (4, 16)}.
t 3.15
It will take Adam about 3.15 h, or approximately
x 2y 8
3 h 9 min, to finish the marathon.
x 2y x 8 x
62. 16 n 16 2y 8 x
Additive Identity Property 2y 8 x

n 0, since 16 0 16. 2 2
8 x
63. 3.5 6 n 6 y 2
Reflexive Property of Equality 8 x
x y (x, y)
n 3.5, since 3.5 6 3.5 6. 2
3 3 8 (3)
64. 5n 5 3 2 5.5 (3, 5.5)
Multiplicative Identity Property 8 (1)
1 2
4.5 (1, 4.5)
3 3
n 1, since (1) . 8 0
5 5 0 2
4 (0, 4)
65. 12 16 12 (16)
( 016 0 012 0 )
8 2
2 2
3 (2, 3)
(16 12) 8 4
4 4 2
2 (4, 2)
66. 5 (8) 5 [(8) ] The solution set is
5 8 {(3, 5.5), (1, 4.5), (0, 4), (2, 3), (4, 2)}.
( 08 0 05 0 ) 4. Select five values for the domain and make a table.
(8 5)
3 x x2 y (x, y)
67. 16 (4) 16 4 2 2 2 4 (2, 4)
20 0 02 2 (0, 2)
68. 9 6 9 (6) 1 12 1 (1, 1)
( 09 0 06 0 ) 2 22 0 (2, 0)
(9 6)
4 42 2 (4, 2)
15
3 1 6 1 1 2 1 2 Graph the ordered pairs and draw a line through
69. 4
888 70. 32 (13 ) 32 13 the points.
5 3 4
8 36 16 y
7
46
1
56
x
O
yx2
Chapter 4 166
5. To find the x-intercept, let y 0. 3. a2 a1 4 is a formula for a2 in terms of a1.

3x 2y 6 A formula for a3 in terms of a1 is a a 4
3 1
3x 2(0) 6 4 or a3 a1 2(4).
3x 6 A formula for a4 in terms of a1 is a4 a1 4
3x
3
6 4 4 or a4 a1 3(4).
3
x2 4. Each term can be found by adding the first term
a1 to the product of 4 and 1 less than the position
n of the term in the sequence.
an a1 (n 1)4
3x 2y 6
5. The 21st term in the sequence is a21. Substitute
3(0) 2y 6
n 21 and a1 7 into the equation from Exercise 4.
2y 6
2y 6 a a (n 1)4
2
2 n 1
a 7 (21 1)4
y3 21
a21 7 (20)4
The graph intersects the y-axis at (0, 3).
a21 7 80
them. a21 87
y The 21st term in the sequence is 87.
3x 2y 6
4-7 Arithmetic Sequences

O x
1. Sample answer: If the first term is 2 and the
common difference is 10, add 10 to each term
of the sequence to get the next term of the
6. Since each element of the domain is paired with sequence.
exactly one element of the range, this relation is a 2 8 18 28
function.
10

10

10
7. Since an element of the domain is paired with
Thus, one possible arithmetic sequence with a
common difference of 10 is 2, 8, 10, 28 … .
is not a function. Both 5 and 1 in the range are
paired with x 2. 2. If an 5n 2, then:
8. f(x) 3x 5 9. f(x) 3x 5 a1 5(1) 2 a2 5(2) 2
f(4) 3(4) 5 f(2a) 3(2a) 5 52 10 2
12 5 6a 5 7 12
7 a3 5(3) 2 a4 5(4) 2
10. f(x) 3x 5 15 2 20 2
f(x 2) 3(x 2) 5 17 22
3x 6 5 The first term in the sequence, a1, is 7.
3x 11 7 12 17 22

5

5

5
The common difference, d, is 5.
Page 232 Spreadsheet Investigation
3. Marisela is correct. To find the common
(Preview of Lesson 4-7) difference, subtract the first term from the second
1. Step 1: Enter the initial value 7 in cell A1. term.
Step 2: Highlight the cells in column A. Under 4. 24 16 8 0
the Edit menu, choose the Fill option
8

8

8
and then Series.
This is an arithmetic sequence because the
Step 3: Enter 4 as the Step value and 63 as the
difference between terms is constant. The
Stop value, and click OK.
common difference is 8.
The spreadsheet column A is filled with the
5. 3 6 12 24
numbers in the sequence:
3

6

12
7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31, 35, 39, 43, 47, 51, 55,
59, 63. This is not an arithmetic sequence because the
difference between terms is not constant.
2. The last number in the sequence is in cell A15, so
there are 15 numbers in the sequence.
167 Chapter 4
6. 7 14 21 28 ? ? ? 12. 6 12 18 24

7

7

7

7 7 7

6

6

6
The common difference is 7. Add 7 to the last The first term is 6. The common difference is 6.
term of the sequence and continue adding 7 until Use the formula for the nth term to write an
the next three terms are found. equation with a1 6 and d 6.
28 35 42 49 an a1 (n 1)d

7 7 7 an 6 (n 1)6
The next three terms are 35, 42, 49. an 6 6n 6
7. 34 29 24 19 ? ? ? an 6n

5

5

5

5

5 5
n 6n an (n, an)
The common difference is 5. Add 5 to the last
1 6(1) 6 (1, 6)
term of the sequence and continue adding 5
until the next three terms are found. 2 6(2) 12 (2, 12)
19 14 9 4 3 6(3) 18 (3, 18)

5

5

5 4 6(4) 24 (4, 24)
The next three terms are 14, 9, 4. 5 6(5) 30 (5, 30)
8. Use the formula for the nth term of an arithmetic an
sequence with a1 3, d 4, and n 8. 32
28
an a1 (n 1)d
24
a8 3 (8 1)4 20
a8 3 28 16
a 31 12
8 8
The 8th term of the arithmetic sequence is 31. 4
O
9. Use the formula for the nth term of an arithmetic
21 1 2 3 4 5 6n
sequence with a1 10, d 5, and n 21.
a a (n 1)d 13. 12 17 22 27
n 1
a21 10 (21 1) (5)

5

5

5
a21 10 (100) The first term is 12. The common difference is 5.
a21 90 Use the formula for the nth term to write an
The 21st term of the arithmetic sequence is 90. equation with a1 12 and d 5.
10. 23 25 27 29 an a1 (n 1)d

2

2

2 a 12 (n 1)5
n
The first term is 23. The common difference is 2. an 12 5n 5
Use the formula for the nth term of an arithmetic an 5n 7
n 5n 7 an (n, an)
an a1 (n 1)d
1 5(1) 7 12 (1, 12)
a12 23 (12 1)2
2 5(2) 7 17 (2, 17)
a 23 22
12 3 5(3) 7 22 (3, 22)
a12 45
4 5(4) 7 27 (4, 27)
The 12th term of the arithmetic sequence is 45.
5 5(5) 7 32 (5, 32)
11. 27 19 11 3

8

8

8 an
32
The first term is 27. The common difference is 8. 28
Use the formula for the nth term of an arithmetic 24
16
an a1 (n 1)d
12
a17 27 (17 1)8 8
a17 27 128 4
O
a17 101
21 1 2 3 4 5 6n
Chapter 4 168
14. For the first week, Latisha walks 20 min/day, so 23. 66 70 74 78 ? ? ?
a1 20. She must increase each week by
4

4

4

4 4 4
7 min/day, so the common difference, d, is 7. The common difference is 4. Add 4 to the last
We are to find the first value of n for which an is term of the sequence and continue adding 4
more than 1 h, or 60 min. until the next three terms are found.
20 27 34 41 48 55 62 78 82 86 90

7

7

7

7

7

7
4 4 4
a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 The next three terms are 82, 86, 90.
Since a7 62 is the first time an is more than 60, 24. 31 22 13 4 ? ? ?
Latisha will begin walking over an hour a day
9

9

9

9 9 9
during the seventh week of her exercise program.
term of the sequence and continue adding 9 until
the next three terms are found.
4 5 14 23
15. 7

6 5 4
9 9 9
1 1 1
The next three terms are 5, 14, 23.
1 2 1
difference between terms is constant. The 25. 23 23 3 33 ? ? ?
1 1 1 1 1 1
3 3 3 3 3 3
16. 10 12 15 18

2

3

3 The common difference is Add 3 to the last term
1
.
1
1 3
This is not an arithmetic sequence because the of the sequence and continue adding 3 until the
difference between terms is not constant. next three terms are found.
1 2 1
17. 9 5 1 5 33 33 4 43

4 6

4

1 1 1
3 3 3
This is not an arithmetic sequence because the 2 1
difference between terms is not constant. The next three terms are 33, 4, 43.
7 1 1 5
18. 15 11 7 3 26. 13 212 26 ? ? ?

4

4 4
12
3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4
3 3
difference between terms is constant. The The common difference is 4. Add 4 to the last term
common difference is 4. 3
of the sequence and continue adding 4 until the
19. 0.3 0.2 0.7 1.2

0.5 0.5 0.5
next three terms are found.
5 7 1 1
26 312 43 512
This is an arithmetic sequence because the 3
3
3
difference between terms is constant. The 4 4 4
common difference is 0.5. 7 1 1
20. 2.1 4.2 8.4 17.6

2.1 4.2 9.2
This is not an arithmetic sequence because the
an a1 (n 1)d
difference between terms is not constant.
a25 5 (25 1)5
21. 4 7 10 13 ? ? ? a25 5 120

3 3

3 3 3 3 a25 125
The common difference is 3. Add 3 to the last The 25th term of the arithmetic sequence is 125.
13 16 19 22

3 3

3
an a1 (n 1)d
a16 8 (16 1)3
The next three terms are 16, 19, 22. a16 8 45
22. 18 24 30 36 ? ? ? a16 53

6

6

6 6 6 6 The 16th term of the arithmetic sequence is 53.
36 42 48 54

6 6

6
169 Chapter 4
29. Use the formula for the nth term of an arithmetic 35. 0.5 1 1.5 2
0.5 0.5 0.5
an a1 (n 1)d The first term is 0.5. The common difference is 0.5.
a102 52 (102 1)12 Use the formula for the nth term of an arithmetic
a102 52 1212 sequence with a1 0.5, d 0.5, and n 50.
a102 1264 an a1 (n 1)d
The 102nd term of the arithmetic sequence is a50 0.5 (50 1)(0.5)
1264. a50 0.5 24.5
30. Use the formula for the nth term of an arithmetic a50 25
sequence with a1 34, d 15, and n 200. The 50th term of the arithmetic sequence is 25.
an a1 (n 1)d 36. 5.3 5.9 6.5 7.1
a200 34 (200 1)15
0.6 0.6 0.6
a200 34 2985
The first term is 5.3. The common difference is
a200 3019
0.6. Use the formula for the nth term of an
The 200th term of the arithmetic sequence is arithmetic sequence with a1 5.3, d 0.6, and
3019. n 12.
31. Use the formula for the nth term of an arithmetic an a1 (n 1)d
5 1
sequence with a 8, d 8, and n 22. a12 5.3 (12 1)(0.6)
1
an a1 (n 1)d a12 5.3 6.6
5 1
a22 8 (22 1) 8 12 a12 11.9
The 12th term of the arithmetic sequence is 11.9.
5 21
a22 8 8 37. 24 35 46 57
a22
13
11 11 11
4
a22 34
1 The first term is 24. The common difference is 11.
Use the formula for the nth term of an arithmetic
1
The 22nd term of the arithmetic sequence is 34. sequence with a1 24 and d 11 to find n when
32. Use the formula for the nth term of an arithmetic an 200.
1 1
sequence with a 12, d 24, and n 39. an a1 (n 1)d
1
an a1 (n 1)d 200 24 (n 1)11
1 2
1 1 200 24 11n 11
a39 12 (39 1) 24 200 11n 13
a
1
12
1
852 200 13 11n 13 13
39
187 11n
a39 87 187 11n

The 39th term of the arithmetic sequence is 87. 11 11
33. 9 7 5 3 17 n

2

2 2 200 is the 17th term of the arithmetic sequence.
The first term is 9. The common difference is 2. 38. 30 22 14 6

8

8

8
sequence with a1 9, d 2, and n 18. The first term is 30. The common difference is 8.
an a1 (n 1)d Use the formula for the nth term of an arithmetic
a18 9 (18 1)2 sequence with a1 30 and d 8 to find n when
a18 9 34 an 34.
a18 25 an a1 (n 1)d
The 18th term of the arithmetic sequence is 25. 34 30 (n 1)(8)
34. 7 3 1 5 34 30 8n 8

4 4 4 34 38 8n
34 38 38 8n 38
The first term is 7. The common difference is 4.
72 8n
72 8n
8
an a1 (n 1)d 9n
a35 7 (35 1)4 34 is the 9th term of the arithmetic sequence.
a35 7 136
a35 129
Chapter 4 170
39. 3 6 9 12 41. 2 8 14 20

6 6 6
3 3 3
The first term is 3. The common difference is The first term is 2. The common difference is 6.
3. Use the formula for the nth term to write an Use the formula for the nth term to write an
equation with a1 3 and d 3. equation with a1 2 and d 6.
an a1 (n 1)d an a1 (n 1)d
an 3 (n 1)(3) an 2 (n 1)6
an 3 3n 3 an 2 6n 6
an 3n an 6n 4
n 3n an (n, an) n 6n 4 an (n, an)

1 3(1) 3 (1, 3) 1 6(1) 4 2 (1, 2)
2 3(2) 6 (2, 6) 2 6(2) 4 8 (2, 8)
3 3(3) 9 (3, 9) 3 6(3) 4 14 (3, 14)
4 3(4) 12 (4, 12) 4 6(4) 4 20 (4, 20)
5 3(5) 15 (5, 15) 5 6(5) 4 26 (5, 26)
an an
2 26
24
2 O 2 4 6n 22
2
4 20
6 18
8 16
10 14
12 12
14 10
8
6
40. 8 9 10 11

1 1 1
4
2
The first term is 8. The common difference is 1. 2 O 2 4 6n
Use the formula for the nth term to write an
equation with a1 8 and d 1. 42. 18 16 14 12

2

2

2
an a1 (n 1)d
an 8 (n 1)1 The first term is 18. The common difference is 2.
an 8 n 1 Use the formula for the nth term to write an
an n 7 equation with a1 18 and d 2.
an a1 (n 1)d
n n7 an (n, an) an 18 (n 1)2
1 17 8 (1, 8) an 18 2n 2
an 2n 20
2 27 9 (2, 9)
3 37 10 (3, 10) n 2n 20 an (n, an)
4 47 11 (4, 11)
1 2(1) 20 18 (1, 18)
5 57 12 (5, 12)
2 2(2) 20 16 (2, 16)
an 3 2(3) 20 14 (3, 14)
4 2(4) 20 12 (4, 12)
5 2(5) 20 10 (5, 10)
an
2 O 2 4 6n
4
6
8
10
12
14
O n 16
18
171 Chapter 4
43. y 4, 6, y, . . . is an arithmetic sequence only if 47. The number of seats in each row form an
the difference between the second and first terms arithmetic sequence. The last three terms in the
is the same as the difference between the third sequence are 60, 68, 76. There are seven rows, so
and second terms. there are seven terms in the sequence. This
a2 a1 a3 a2 means a5 60, a6 68, and a7 76.
6 ( y 4) y 6 60 68 76

6y4y6 8 8
2yy6 The common difference is 8. Use the formula for
2yyy6y the nth term to write an equation with d 8,
2 2y 6 n 7, and an 76 to find a1.
2 6 2y 6 6 an a1 (n 1)d
8 2y
76 a1 (7 1)8
8 2y
2
2 76 a1 48
4y 76 48 a1 48 48
The sequence is arithmetic if y 4. 28 a1
44. y 8, 4y 6, 3y, . . . is an arithmetic sequence Use the formula for the nth term to write an
only if the difference between the second and first equation with a1 28 and d 8.
terms is the same as the difference between the an a1 (n 1)d
third and second terms. an 28 (n 1)8
a2 a1 a3 a2 an 28 8n 8
(4y 6) ( y 8) 3y (4y 6) an 8n 20
4y 6 y 8 3y 4y 6 The formula to find the number of seats in any
3y 2 y 6 given row is an 8n 20.
3y 2 y y 6 y 48. Use the formula from Exercise 47 with n 1.
4y 2 6 an 8n 20
4y 2 2 6 2 a1 8(1) 20
4y 4 a1 8 20
4y 4 a1 28
4
4
y 1 There are 28 seats in the first row.
The sequence is arithmetic if y 1. 49. n 8n 20 a n
45. 5 8 11 14 1 8(1) 20 28

3 3 3 2 8(2) 20 36
The first term is 5. The common difference is 3. 3 8(3) 20 44
Use the formula for the nth term to write an 4 8(4) 20 52
equation with a1 5 and d 3.
5 8(5) 20 60
Pn a1 (n 1)d
6 8(6) 20 68
Pn 5 (n 1)3
Pn 5 3n 3 7 8(7) 20 76
Pn 3n 2 The total number of seats in the section is:
The formula for the perimeter of a pattern a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7
containing n trapezoids is Pn 3n 2. 28 36 44 52 60 68 76
46. Use the formula from Exercise 45 with n 12. 364
an 3n 2 If 368 tickets were sold for the orchestra section
a12 3(12) 2 having 364 seats, the section was oversold by
a12 36 2 4 seats.
a12 38 50. 9 13 17 21 25 29
The perimeter of the pattern containing
4

4

4

4

4
12 trapezoids is 38 units. The distances form an arithmetic sequence
because the difference between terms is constant.
The common difference is 4.
51. The first term is 9. The common difference is 4.
sequence with a1 9 and d 4.
an a1 (n 1)d
an 9 (n 1)4
an 9 4n 4
an 4n 5
Chapter 4 172
52. Use the formula from Exercise 51 with n 35. 57. Between 29 and 344, the least multiple of 7 is 35
an 4n 5 and the greatest multiple of 7 is 343. The common
a35 4(35) 5 difference between multiples of 7 is 7. Use the
a35 140 5 formula for the nth term of an arithmetic
a35 145 sequence with a1 35, an 343, and d 7 to
find the value of n.
The ball will travel 145 cm during the 35th s.
an a1 (n 1)d
53. an
343 35 (n 1)7
26 343 35 7n 7
24 343 7n 28
Distance Traveled (cm)
22
343 28 7n 28 28
20
315 7n
18
315 7n
16 7
7
14
12 45 n
10 There are 45 multiples of 7 between 29 and 344.
8 58. By finding a pattern in a sequence of numbers,
6 scientists can predict results of large numbers
4 that they are not able to observe. Answers should
2 include the following.
O 2 4 6 n • The formula at 8.2t 1.9 represents the
Time (s) altitude at of the probe after t seconds.
54. Use the formula for the nth term to write an • Replace t with 15 in the equation for at to find
equation with a1 2500 and d 1500. Then that the altitude of the probe after 15 seconds
find a10. is 121.1 feet.
an a1 (n 1)d 59. C;
an 2500 (n 1)1500 Total amount saved amount in savings now
an 2500 1500n 1500 (weekly deposit)(number of weeks)
an 1500n 1000 350 (25)(12)
a10 1500(10) 1000 350 300
a10 15,000 1000 650
a10 16,000 60. B;
The value of the 10th question is $16,000. Use the formula for the nth term of an arithmetic
55. sequence with a1 2, a4 11, and n 4 to find d.
n 1500n 1000 an
an a1 (n 1)d
1 1500(1) 1000 2500 11 2 (4 1)d
2 1500(2) 1000 4000 11 2 3d
3 1500(3) 1000 5500 11 2 2 3d 2
4 1500(4) 1000 7000 9 3d
9 3d
5 1500(5) 1000 8500 3
3
6 1500(6) 1000 10,000 3d
7 1500(7) 1000 11,500 Use the formula for the nth term with a1 2,
8 1500(8) 1000 13,000 d 3, n 20.
9 1500(9) 1000 14,500 an a1 (n 1)d
10 1500(10) 1000 16,000 a20 2 (20 1)3
a20 2 (19)3
The total won for ten correct answers would be: a20 2 57
a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 a10 a20 59
2500 4000 5500 7000 8500
10,000 11,500 13,000 14,500 16,000
92,500. Page 238 Maintain Your Skills
The contestant would win $92,500 for ten correct 61. f(x) 3x 2 62. g(x) x2 5
answers. f(4) 3(4) 2 (3)2 5
56. 2x 5 4x 5 6x 5 8x 5 12 2 95

2x

2x

2x 10 4
The expressions form an arithmetic sequence 63. f(x) 3x 2
because the difference between terms is constant. 2[f(6)] 2[3(6) 2]
The common difference is 2x. 2(18 2)
2(16)
32
173 Chapter 4
64. Since the term x2 has an exponent of 2, the 3. Inductive reasoning; you are observing specific
equation cannot be written in the form Ax By pairs of terms and discovering a common
C. Therefore, this is not a linear equation. difference, and you conclude that the common
65. First rewrite the equation so that the variables difference applies to the sequence in general.
are on one side of the equation and a constant is 4. Deductive reasoning; you are using the general
on the other side. formula for the nth term and applying it to a
y 8 10 x particular term of a particular series.
y 8 x 10 x x 5a.
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
x y 8 10 3 9 27 81 243 729 2187 6561 19,683
x y 8 8 10 8
x y 18 5b. The ones digits in the numbers in the second
The equation is now in standard form where A 1, row of the table are: 3, 9, 7, 1, 3, 9, 7, 1, 3.
B 1, and C 18. This is a linear equation. 5c. The pattern repeats every fourth digit.
66. First rewrite the equation so that the variables Therefore, digits 4, 8, 12, 16, and so on, will all
are on the same side of the equation. be the same. According to the pattern, all
powers in the first row of the table with
2y y 2x 3
exponents divisible by 4 have 1 in the ones
2y y y 2x 3 y
place. Since the exponent of 3100 is 100, which is
y 2x 3
divisible by 4, the value of 3100 will have a 1 in
y 2x 2x 3 2x
the ones place.
2x y 3
1( 2x y) 1(3) Since the answer was obtained by observing a
2x y 3 pattern in order to make a conjecture, the answer
was reached by inductive reasoning.
B 1, and C 3. This is a linear equation. 6. Since the conclusion was based on a given rule, it
was reached by deductive reasoning.
67. Two hundred
144244 3 minus
123 three
14424times
43 x is equal to nine.
14243 123
200 3x 9
The equation is 200 3x 9. 4-8 Writing Equations from Patterns
Twice
123r 1plus
23 three
14424times
43 s is
14 identical
42443 to thirteen.
14243
2r 3s 13
• When the string makes 1 loop around the
The equation is 2r 3s 13.
scissors, you end up with 3 pieces as a result
12
69. 7(3) 21 70. 11 15 165 of the cut.
2 12
71. 8(1.5) 12 72. 6 3 3 or 4
1 21 2
• When the string makes 2 loops around the
5 4 20 5 1 7 scissors, you end up with 4 pieces as a result
73. 8 7
56 or 14 74. 5 32 5 2
35 1 of the cut.
2
or 172
1. The number of pieces is 2 more than the number
x-Coordi- y-Coordi- Ordered of loops; 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,… .
Point nate nate Pair 2. n 2
75. H 2 2 (2, 2) 3. n 2 20 2
76. J 3 0 (3, 0) 22
77. K 4 2 (4, 2)
78. L 3 4 (3, 4)
79. M 3 5 (3, 5)
1. Once you recognize a pattern, you can find a
80. N 5 1 (5, 1)
general rule that can be written as an algebraic
expression.
2. Sample answer: 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, . . . ; each
Page 239 Reading Mathematics successive term doubles.
1. Sample answer: Inductive reasoning uses
3. Test the values of the domain in the equation. If
examples or past experience to make conclusions;
the resulting values match the range, the
deductive reasoning uses rules to make
equation is correct.
conclusions. Looking at a pattern of numbers to
decided the next number is an example of
inductive reasoning. Using the formula and the
length and width of a rectangle to find the area of
a rectangle is an example of deductive reasoning.
2. Deductive reasoning; he is applying a general rule
about men’s heights to a specific case.
Chapter 4 174
4. The pattern consists of squares with one corner of Check: If x 3, then y 2(3) or 6. But
each shaded. The corner that is shaded is rotated the y value for x 3 is 5. This is a
in a clockwise direction. The next two figures in difference of 1. Try other values in the
the pattern are shown. domain to see if the same difference
occurs.
; x 3 2 0 1
2x 6 4 0 2 y is always 1

y 5 3 1 3 more than 2x.
The pattern repeats every fourth design. Check y 2x 1.

Therefore, designs 4, 8, 12, 16, and so on, will all If x 2, then y 2(2) 1 or 3.
be the same. So the 16th figure in the pattern will If x 0, then y 2(0) 1 or 1.
be the same as the fourth square. If x 1, then y 2(1) 1 or 3.
5. 1 2 4 7 11 Thus, y 2x 1 or f(x) 2x 1 describes this

1 2 3 4 relation.
The difference between each pair of terms 9. y
increases by 1 for each successive pair. Continue 250
increasing each successive difference by 1. Add
Temperature (ßC)
5, 6, and 7. 200
1 2 4 7 11 16 22 29

1 2 3 4

5

6 7 150
The next three terms are 16, 22, and 29.
6. 5 9 6 10 7 11 100

4 3 4 3

4
50
The difference between terms alternates between
4 and 3. Continue the alternating pattern. Add
3, 4, and 3. 0 x
2 4 6
5 9 6 10 7 11 8 12 9

4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3
Depth (km)
1 1 1 1 1
7. Make a table of ordered pairs for several points 10. Depth (km) 1 2 3 4 5 6
on the graph. Temperature (C) 55 90 125 160 195 230
1 4 2 1
35 35 35 35 35

x 4 3 1 3 4 The difference of the values for x is 1, and the
y 4 3 1 3 4 difference of the values for y is 35. This suggests
that y 35x.

1

4

2

1 Check: If x 1, then y 35(1) or 35. But the y
For each pair, the difference in the y values is the value for x 1 is 55. This is a difference
same as the difference in the x values. This of 20. Try other values in the domain to
suggests that y x. see if the same difference occurs.
Check: If x 4, then y 4. If x 1, then x 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 1. For all values in the domain,
35x 35 70 105 140 175 210 y is always

y is always equal to x.
y 55 90 125 160 195 230 20 more
Thus, y x or f(x) x describes this relation. than 35x.
8. Make a table of ordered pairs for several points Check y 35x 20.
on the graph. If x 2, then y 35(2) 20 or 90.
1 2 1 If x 5, then y 35(5) 20 or 195.
Thus, y 35x 20 or f(x) 35x 20 describes
x 3 2 0 1 this relation.
y 5 3 1 3 11. Use the function from Exercise 10 with x 10.

2

4

2 f(x) 35x 20
f(10) 35(10) 20
When the difference of the x values is 1, the
f(10) 350 20
difference of the y values is 2. When the
f(10) 370
difference of the x values is 2, the difference of the
y values is 4. The difference in y values is twice The temperature of a rock that is 10 km below
the difference of x values. This suggests that the surface is 370C.
y 2x.
175 Chapter 4
Pages 244–245 Practice and Apply 16. 1 4 9 16
12. The pattern consists of triangles that are

3

5 7
alternately inverted (or rotated 180) with every The difference between each pair of terms
other pair shaded. The next two figures in the increases by 2 for each successive pair. Continue
pattern are shown. increasing each successive difference by 2. Add
9, 11, and 13.
1 4 9 16 25 36 49

3 5

7

9

11

13
17. 0 2 5 9 14 20
The pattern repeats every fourth design.
2 3

4

5

6
Therefore, designs 4, 8, 12, 16, and so on, will all
be the same. Since the 20th figure will be the The difference between each pair of terms
same as the fourth triangle, the 21st figure will increases by 1 for each successive pair. Continue
be the same as the first triangle. increasing each successive difference by 1. Add
7, 8, and 9.
0 2 5 9 14 20 27 35 44

2 3 4 5

6

7

8

9
18. a 1 a2 a3
13. The pattern consists of circles with one-eighth
1

1
shaded. The section that is shaded is the third
section in a clockwise direction from the The difference between each pair of terms is
previously-shaded section. The next two figures in always 1. The sequence is arithmetic with a
the pattern are shown. common difference of 1. Each term is 1 more than
the term before it. Add 1, 1, and 1.
a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6

1

1

1

1

1
The next three terms are a 4, a 5, and a 6.
19. x 1 2x 1 3x 1

x

x
The pattern repeats every eighth design. Therefore,
designs 8, 16, 24, and so on, will all be the same. The difference between each pair of terms is
Since 16 is the greatest number less than 21 that is always x. The sequence is arithmetic with a
a multiple of 8, the 17th circle in the pattern will be common difference of x. Each term is x more than
the same as the first circle. the term before it. Add x, x, and x.
x 1 2x 1 3x 1 4x 1 5x 1 6x 1

x

x

x

x

x
The next three terms are 4x 1, 5x 1, and
6x 1.
17 18 19 20 21
20. Make a table of ordered pairs for several points
14. 0 2 6 12 20

2

4 6

8
on the graph.
1 1 1 1
The difference between each pair of terms
increases by 2 for each successive pair. Continue x 2 1 0 1 2
increasing each successive difference by 2. Add y 4 2 0 2 4
10, 12, and 14.
2 2 2 2
0 2 6 12 20 30 42 56

2

4

6

8

10

12

14
The difference of the x values is 1, and the
difference of the y values is 2. The difference in
The next three terms are 30, 42, and 56. y values is twice the difference of the opposite of
15. 9 7 10 8 11 9 12 the x values. This suggests y 2x.

2

3

2

3

2

3 Check: If x 2, then y 2(2) or 4.
The difference between terms alternates between If x 1, then y 2(1) or 2.
2 and 3. Continue alternating the difference. Thus, y 2x or f(x) 2x describes the
Add 2, 3, and 2. relation.
9 7 10 8 11 9 12 10 13 11

2 3 2 3 2 3 2

3 2
Chapter 4 176
21. Make a table of ordered pairs for several points Check y x 6.
on the graph. If x 2, then y (2) 6 or 4.
2 4 2 If x 6, then y (6) 6 or 0.

x 4 2 2 4 Thus, y x 6 or f(x) 6 x describes this
relation.
y 2 1 1 2
1 2 1 on the graph.
When the difference of x values is 2, the 2 2
difference of the y values is 1. When the
difference of x values is 4, the difference of the x 0 2 4
y values is 2. The difference in y values is one-half y 6 3 0
1
the difference of x values. This suggests y 2 x.
3 3
1
Check: If x 4, then y 2(4) 2.
The difference of the x values is 2, and the
1
If x 2, then y 2(2) 1. difference of the y values is 3. The difference in
1 1 3
Thus, y 2x or f(x) 2x describes this relation. the y values is 2 times the opposite of the
3
22. Make a table of ordered pairs for several points difference in the x values. This suggests y 2x.
on the graph. 3
Check: If x 2, then y 2(2) or 3. But the
2 3 1
y value for x 2 is 3. This is a difference
x 4 2 1 2 of 6. Try other values in the domain to
see if the same difference occurs.
y 2 0 3 4
x 0 2 4
2 3 1
3
2x 3 6

For each pair, the difference in y values is the 0 y is always 6 more
3
same as the difference in the x values. This y 6 3 0 than 2x.
suggests y x. 3
Check y 2x 6.
Check: If x 4, then y 4. But the y value
3
for x 4 is 2. This is a difference of If x 2, then y 2(2) 6 or 3.
2. Try other values in the domain to 3
If x 4, then y 2(4) 6 or 0.
see if the same difference occurs. 3 3
Thus, y 2x 6 or f(x) 6 2x describes this
x 4 2 1 2 y is always 2

relation.
y 2 0 3 4 more than x.
Check y x 2. on the graph.
If x 4, then y (4) 2 or 2. 2 2

If x 1, then y (1) 2 or 3.
x 0 2 4
Thus, y x 2 or f(x) x 2 describes this
y 12 6 0
relation.

23. Make a table of ordered pairs for several points 6 6
on the graph. For each pair, the difference in the y values is
2 2 2 three times the opposite of the difference of the
x values. This suggests y 3x.
x 0 2 4 6
Check: If x 2, then y 3(2) or 6. But the
y 6 4 2 0 y value for x 2 is 6. This is a difference
of 12. Try other values in the domain to
2 2 2
see if the same difference occurs.
For each pair, the difference in the y values is the
opposite of the difference in x values. This x 0 2 4
suggests y x. 3x 0 6 12 y is always 12

Check: If x 2, then y (2) or 2. But the y 12 6 0 more than 3x.

y value for x 2 is 4. This is a
Check y 3x 12.
difference of 6. Try other values in the
domain to see if the same difference If x 2, then y 3(2) 12 or 6.
occurs. If x 4, then y 3(4) 12 or 0.
Thus, y 3x 12 or f(x) 12 3x describes
x 0 2 4 6
this relation.
x 0 2 4 6 y is always 6

y 6 4 2 0 more than x.
177 Chapter 4
26. The pattern (3 red, 3 blue, 3 green) repeats every 1 1 1
ninth chain. Therefore, chains 9, 18, 27, and so
on, will all be the same. Since 45 is the greatest 32. n 1 2 3 4
number less than 50 that is a multiple of 9, the f(n) 5 8 11 14
46th chain will be the same as the first chain.
3 3 3
red red red blue blue
For each pair, the difference in f(n) values is three
46 47 48 49 50
times the difference in the n values. This suggests
The 50th person will receive a blue flower chain. f(n) 3n.
27. 1 Check: If n 2, then f(n) 3(2) or 6. But the
1 f(n) value for n 2 is 8. This is a
211 difference of 2. Try other values in the
321 domain to see if the same difference
532 occurs.
853
13 8 5 n 1 2 3 4
21 13 8 3n 3 6 9 12

f(n) is always 2
34 21 13 f(n) 5 8 11 14 more than 3n.
55 34 21
89 55 34 Check f(n) 3n 2.
144 89 55 If n 1, then f(1) 3(1) 2 or 5.
28. 3, 21, 144; every fourth term is divisible by 3. If n 4, then f(4) 3(4) 2 or 14.
5, 55; every fifth term is divisible by 5. Thus, f(n) 3n 2 represents this function.
10 10 10 10 10 33. Use the function from Exercise 32 with n 24.

f(n) 3n 2.
29. a 20 30 40 50 60 70
f(24) 3(24) 2
p 175 166 157 148 139 130 f(24) 72 2
f(24) 74
9 9 9 9 9
The difference of the a values is 10, and the The perimeter of the arrangement if 24 pentagons
difference of the p values is 9. The difference in are used is 74 cm.
9
the p values is 10 of the opposite of the x values. 34. In scientific experiments you try to find a
This suggests p 0.9a. relationship or develop a formula from observing
the results of your experiment. Answers should
Check: If a 20, then p 0.9(20) or 18.
But the y value for a 20 is 175. This
is a difference of 193. Try other values • For every 11 cubic feet the volume of water
in the domain to see if the same increases, the volume of ice increases 12 cubic
difference occurs. feet.
• The container should have a volume of at least
a 20 30 40 50 60 70

108 cubic feet.

0.9a 18 27 36 45 54 63 35. B;
p 175 166 157 148 139 130 3 4 6 9
p is always 193 more than 0.9a.

1 2 3
Check p 0.9a 193. The difference between each pair of terms
If a 30, then p 0.9 (30) 193 or 166. increases by 1 for each successive pair. Continue
If a 50, then p 0.9(50) 193 or 148. increasing each successive difference by 1. Add
Thus, p 0.9a 193 or f(a) 0.9a 193 4 and 5.
describes this relation. 3 4 6 9 13 18

30. Use the function from Exercise 29 with a 10, 1 2 3 4 5
then with a 80. The next two terms are 13 and 18.
f(a) 0.9a 193 f(a) 0.9a 193 36. D;
f(10) 0.9(10) 193 f(80) 0.9(80) 193 Let n represent the number of pieces given to
f(10) 9 193 f(80) 72 193 each child. Then 5n represents the total number
f(10) 184 f(80) 121 of pieces given to 5 children. Since there were
A 10-year old should maintain a maximum heart 4 pieces remaining, there were originally 5n 4
rate of 184 beats/min and an 80-year old should pieces. Thus, P 5n 4.
maintain a maximum heart rate of 121 beats/min If you then had P 4 pieces to distribute and gave
in aerobic training. n pieces to each of the 5 children, you would have 4
31. Number of Pentagons 1 2 3 4 more pieces left than you had previously, or 8 pieces
remaining. However, that would mean you would
Perimeter of Arrangement (cm) 5 8 11 14
have enough pieces to give each child 1 additional
piece, leaving 3 pieces of candy remaining.
Chapter 4 178
Page 245 Maintain Your Skills 7. c; linear function
37. 1 4 7 10 ? ? ? 8. a; domain

3 3

3

3

3 3 9. b; dilation
The common difference is 3. Add 3 to the last 10. i; y-axis
10 13 16 19 Pages 246–250 Lesson-by-Lesson Review

3

3

3 11. A(4, 2)
The next three terms are 13, 16, 19. • Start at the origin.
38. 9 5 1 3 ? ? ? • Move right 4 units and up 2 units.

4

4

4

4 4 4 • Draw a dot and label it A.
The common difference is 4. Add 4 to the last (See coordinate plane after Exercise 16.)
term of the sequence and continue adding 4 12. B(1, 3)
until the next three terms are found. • Start at the origin.
3 7 11 15 • Move left 1 unit and up 3 units.

4

4

4 • Draw a dot and label it B.
The next three terms are 7, 11, 15. (See coordinate plane after Exercise 16.)
39. 25 19 13 7 ? ? ? 13. C(0, 5)

6

6

6

6 6 6 • Start at the origin.
The common difference is 6. Add 6 to the last • Since the x-coordinate is 0, the point is on the
term of the sequence and continue adding 6 until y-axis.
the next three terms are found. • Move down 5 units.
7 1 5 11

6

6

6
• Draw a dot and label it C.
The next three terms are 1, 5, 11. 14. D(3, 2)
40. 22 34 46 58 ? ? ?

12

12

12

12 12 12
• Move left 3 units and down 2 units.
The common difference is 12. Add 12 to the last • Draw a dot and label it D.
15. E(4, 0)
58 70 82 94

12

12

12
• Move left 4 units.
• Since the y-coordinate is 0, the point is on the
41. The vertical line x 2 intersects the graph at
x-axis.
two points, (2, 2) and (2, 3). Thus, the
relation graphed does not represent a function. • Draw a dot and label it E.
42. Let T the height of Tulega Falls. (See coordinate plane after Exercise 16.)
The height of the height of 16. F(2, 1)
Angel Falls is 102 ft higher than Tulega Falls. • Start at the origin.
14424 43 { 123 1 4424 43 14 424 43
3212 102 T • Move right 2 units and down 1 unit.
3212 102 T • Draw a dot and label it F.
3212 102 102 T 102 11–16. y
3110 T B (1, 3)
Tulega Falls is 3110 ft high. A (4, 2)
E (4, 0)
O x
Chapter 4 Study Guide and Review F ( 2,1)
D (3, 2)
Page 246 Vocabulary and Concept Check C (0, 5)

1. e; origin
2. g; relation
3. d; reflection
4. h; x-axis
5. k; y-coordinate
6. f; quadrants
179 Chapter 4
17. To reflect the triangle over the x-axis, multiply 20. To rotate the trapezoid 90 counterclockwise about
the y-coordinate of each vertex by 1. the origin, switch the coordinates of each vertex
(x, y) S (x, y) and then multiply the new first coordinate by 1.
A(3, 3) S A¿(3, 3) (x, y) S (y, x)
B(5, 4) S B¿(5, 4) M(2, 0) S M¿(0, 2)
C(4, 3) S C¿(4, 3) N(4, 3) S N¿(3, 4)
y O(6, 3) S O¿(3, 6)
B
C’ P(8, 0) S P¿(0, 8)
A y
P’
O’
O x
N’ N O
A’ C
B’ M’
M P
18. To translate the quadrilateral 3 units down, add O x
3 to the y-coordinate of each vertex.
(x, y) S (x, y 3) 21. x y y
P(2, 4) S P¿(2, 4 3) S P¿(2, 1) 2 6
Q(0, 6) S Q¿(0, 6 3) S Q¿(0, 3)
3 2
R(3, 3) S R¿(3, 3 3) S R¿(3, 0)
S(1, 4) S S¿(1, 4 3) S S¿(1, 7) 3 0
4 6
Q y
X Y O x
P
Q’ R
2 2
P’ 3 0
R’ 4 6
O x
The domain of this relation is {2, 3, 4}. The

S range is {2, 0, 6}.
22. x y y
1 0
S’
3 0
1
19. To dilate the parallelogram by a scale factor of 2, 6 2
1
multiply the coordinates of each vertex by 2.
112 x, 12 y2
X Y
(x, y) S O x
G(2, 2) S G¿ 1 2 2, 2 2 2 S G¿(1, 1)
1 1
1 0
H(6, 0) S H¿ 1 2 6, 2 0 2 S H¿(3, 0)
3
1 1
6 2
I(6, 2) S I¿ 1 2 6, 2 2 2 S I¿(3, 1)
1 1
J(2, 4) S J¿ 1 2 2, 2 4 2 S J¿(1, 2)
1 1 The domain of this relation is {1, 3, 6}. The
range is {0, 2}.
y
J’ G I
G’ I’ H
O H’ x
Chapter 4 180
23. x y y 26. x 4 2x y (x, y)
3 8 4 4 2(4) 12 (4, 12)
9 3 2 4 2(2) 8 (2, 8)
3 8 0 4 2(0) 4 (0, 4)
5 3 2 4 2(2) 0 (2, 0)
4 4 2(4) 4 (4, 4)
O x
{(4, 12), (2, 8), (0, 4), (2, 0), (4, 4)}.
X Y y
12
3 3 8
3
5 4
9 8
4 2 O 2 4x
The domain of this relation is {3, 3, 5, 9}. The 4
range is {3, 8}.
24. x y y 27. First solve the equation for y in terms of x.
2 5 4x y 5
4x y 4x 5 4x
3 1
y 5 4x
4 2 1(y) 1(5 4x)
2 3 y 4x 5
O x
X Y x 4x 5 y (x, y)
4 4(4) 5 11 (4, 11)
2
5 2 4(2) 5 3 (2, 3)
1
3 0 4(0) 5 5 (0, 5)
2
4
3 2 4(2) 5 13 (2, 13)
4 4(4) 5 21 (4, 21)
25. Graph the solution set

x x9 y (x, y)
{(4, 11), (2, 3), (0, 5), (2, 13), (4, 21)}.
4 4 9 13 (4, 13)
y
2 2 9 11 (2, 11) 21
0 09 9 (0, 9) 18
15
2 29 7 (2, 7) 12
4 49 5 (4, 5) 9
6
3
{(4, 13), (2, 11), (0, 9), (2, 7), (4, 5)}. O
4321 1 2 3 4x
y
2 6
4 2 O 2 4x 9
2 12
4
6
8
10
12
14
181 Chapter 4
28. First solve the equation for y in terms of x. 30. First solve the equation for y in terms of x.
2x y 8 4x 3y 0
2x y 2x 8 2x 4x 3y 4x 0 4x
y 8 2x 3y 4x
3y 4x
x 8 2x y (x, y) 3
3
4x
4 8 2(4) 16 (4, 16) y 3
2 8 2(2) 12 (2, 12)
4x
0 8 2(0) 8 (0, 8) x y (x, y)
14, 513 2
3
2 8 2(2) 4 (2, 4) 4(4) 1
4 53
12,223 2
3
4 8 2(4) 0 (4, 0)
4(2) 2
Graph the solution set 2 3
23
{(4, 16), (2, 12), (0, 8), (2, 4), (4, 0)}. 4(0)
0 0 (0, 0)
12, 223 2
3
y 4(2) 2
16 2 23
14, 513 2
3
4(4) 1
12 4 53
3
51 21 2 1 21 26
1 2 2 1
4 4, 53 , 2, 23 , (0, 0), 2, 23 , 4, 53 .
y
8
4 2 O 2 4x
6
4
29. First solve the equation for y in terms of x. 2
3x 2y 9 4 2 O 2 4x
3x 2y 3x 9 3x 4
2y 9 3x 6
2y 9 3x 8
2
2
9 3x
y 2 31. To find the x-intercept, let y 0.
9 3x y x 2
x y (x, y) 0 x 2
14, 1012 2
2
9 3(4) 1 0 x x 2 x
4 102
x2
12, 712 2
2
9 3(2) 1
2 72 The graph intersects the x-axis at (2, 0).
10, 412 2
2
9 3(0) 1 To find the y-intercept, let x 0.
0 42
y x 2
12, 112 2
2
2
9 3(2)
12
1 y (0) 2
y2
14, 112 2
2
9 3(4) 1
4 2
12 The graph intersects the y-axis at (0, 2).
514, 1012 2, 12, 712 2, 10, 412 2, 12, 112 214, 112 26.
Graph the solution set them.
y
y y x 2
12
10
8 O x
6
4
2
4 2 O 2 x
Chapter 4 182
32. To find the x-intercept, let y 0. 34. To find the x-intercept, let y 0.
x 5y 4 5x 2y 10
x 5(0) 4 5x 2(0) 10
x4 5x 10
The graph intersects the x-axis at (4, 0). 5x 10
5
5
To find the y-intercept, let x 0. x2
x 5y 4 The graph intersects the x-axis at (2, 0).
0 5y 4
To find the y-intercept, let x 0
5y 4
5y 4
5x 2y 10
5
5 5(0) 2y 10
4 2y 10
y5
1 42
2y 10
2
2
y5
them. The graph intersects the y-axis at (0, 5).
y Plot these points and draw the line that connects
them.
x 5y 4 y
O x 5x 2y 10
O x

2x 3y 6
2x 3(0) 6 35. To find the x-intercept, let y 0.
2x 6 1
x 3y 3
1
2
2x 6
2
2
1
x
1
3(0) 3
2
x3 1
x 3
1 2 2(3)
The graph intersects the x-axis at (3, 0). 2
1
To find the y-intercept, let x 0. 2 2
x
2x 3y 6 x6
2(0) 3y 6 The graph intersects the x-axis at (6, 0).
3y 6 To find the y-intercept, let x 0.
3y 6
3
3 1
x 3y 3
1
2
y 2 1 1
2
(0) 3y 3
1
y 3
1 2 3(3)
Plot these points and draw the line that connects 3
them. 3
1
y
3
y
y9
them.
O x y
14
2x 3y 6 12
10
8 1
6 x 1y 3
2 3
4
2
O
2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14x
2
183 Chapter 4
36. To find the x-intercept, let y 0. 43. g(x) x2 x 1
y3
1

1
x
2 g(5) 3 (52 5 1) 3
3 3
1 1 2
(25 5 1) 3
03 3
x 3 (20 1) 3
3
1

1
x
2 21 3
3 3
1 2 1 2 2
18
3 3 x 3
3 3 44. g(a) x2 x 1
1
1 x g(a 1) (a 1) 2 (a 1) 1
1 2
3
3(1)
1
3 3x (a2 2a 1) (a 1) 1
a2 2a 1 a 1 1
3 x
a2 a 1
45. g(x) x2 x 1
1 1 2
g(2a) (2a) 2 (2a) 1
y 3 3x 3 4a2 2a 1
1 1 2
y 3 3(0) 3 46. 9 18 27 36 ? ? ?
1 2

9

9

9

9

9

9
y 3
3
1 1 2 1
y 3
3
3
3 term of the sequence and continue adding 9 until
y1 the next three terms are found.
The graph intersects the y-axis at (0, 1). 36 45 54 63

9

9

9
them. The next three terms are 45, 54, 63.
y 47. 6 11 16 21 ? ? ?
3
5

5

5

5

5

5
1 1 2 2 The common difference is 5. Add 5 to the last

y 3 3x 3 term of the sequence and continue adding 5 until
1 the next three terms are found.
21 26 31 36
3 2 1 O 1x
5

5

5
1 The next three terms are 26, 31, 36.
48. 10 21 32 43 ? ? ?
37. The mapping represents a function since, for each
11

11

11

11

11

11
element of the domain, there is only one
corresponding element in the range.
38. The table represents a relation that is not a the next three terms are found.
43 54 65 76
11

11

11
39. Since each element of the domain is paired with
exactly one element of the range, the relation is a The next three terms are 54, 65, 76.
function. 49. 14 12 10 8 ? ? ?
2

2

2

2

2

2

2
40. g(x) x x 1
g(2) 22 2 1 The common difference is 2. Add 2 to the last
421 term of the sequence and continue adding 2
21 until the next three terms are found.
3 8 6 4 2

41. g(x) x2 x 1 2 2 2
g(1) (1) 2 (1) 1 The next three terms are 6, 4, 2.
111 50. 3 11 19 27 ? ? ?
21
8

8

8

8

8

8
3
42. g(x) x2 x 1 term of the sequence and continue adding 8
g 112 2 112 22 112 2 1 until the next three terms are found.
27 35 43 51
1
421
1

8

8

8
1
4 1 The next three terms are 35, 43, 51.
3
4
Chapter 4 184
51. 35 29 23 17 ? ? ? • Move down 5 units.

6

6

6

6

6

6 • Draw a dot and label it K.
The common difference is 6. Add 6 to the last M(3, 5)
term of the sequence and continue adding 6 until • Start at the origin.
the next three terms are found. • Move right 3 units and down 5 units.
17 11 5 1 • Draw a dot and label it M.

6

6

6 N(2, 3)
The next three terms are 11, 5, 1. • Start at the origin.
52. Make a table of ordered pairs for several points • Move left 2 units and down 3 units.
on the graph. • Draw a dot and label it N.
1 2 1 1
y
x 2 1 1 2 3
O x
y 6 3 3 6 9
(2, 3)

3 6 3 3 N
The difference in y values is three times the (3, 5)
(0, 5)
difference of x values. This suggests that y 3x. K M
Check: If x 2, then y 3(2) or 6.
If x 3, then y 3(3) or 9.
Thus, y 3x or f(x) 3x describes the relation.
5. Since both coordinates are positive, P(25, 1) lies
in quadrant I.
on the graph.
1 1 1 1 1
6. To reflect the parallelogram over the y-axis,
multiply the x-coordinate of each vertex by 1.
x 2 1 0 1 2 3 (x, y) S (x, y)
y 1 0 1 2 3 4 H(2, 2) S H¿(2, 2)
I(4, 6) S I¿(4, 6)
1 1 1 1 1 J(5, 5) S J¿(5, 5)
The difference in y values is the opposite of the K(3, 1) S K¿(3, 1)
difference of x values. This suggests that y x.
y
Check: If x 2, then y (2) 2. But
the y value for x 2 is 1. This is a
difference of 1. Try other values in the K O K’ x
domain to see if the same difference
occurs. H H’
x 2 1 0 1 2 3
J J’
x 2 1 0 1 2 3

y 1 0 1 2 3 4 I I’
y is always 1 less than x. 7. To translate the parallelogram up 2 units, add
Check y x 1. 2 to the y-coordinate of each vertex.
If x 1, then y (1) 1 or 0. (x, y) S (x, y 2)
If x 2, then y (2) 1 or 3. H(2, 2) S H¿(2, 2 2) S H¿(2, 0)
Thus, y x 1 or f(x) x 1 describes this I(4, 6) S I¿(4, 6 2) S I¿(4, 4)
relation. J(5, 5) S J¿(5, 5 2) S J¿(5, 3)
K(3, 1) S K¿(3, 1 2) S K¿(3, 1)
y
Chapter 4 Practice Test K’
H’
K O x
Page 251 J’ H
1. b; rotation
2. c; translation J I’
3. a; reflection
I
4. K(0, 5)
• Start at the origin. 8. relation: {(0, 1), (2, 4), (4, 5), (6, 10)}
• Since the x-coordinate is 0, the point is on the inverse: {(1, 0), (4, 2), (5, 4), (10, 6)}
y-axis. 9. relation: {(1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 2)}
inverse: {(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3)}
185 Chapter 4
10. relation: {(1, 1), (0, 3), (1, 0), (4, 2)} 13. First solve the equation for y in terms of x.
inverse: {(1, 1), (3, 0), (0, 1), (2, 4)} 1
x y5
2
11. x 4x 10 y (x, y) 1 1 1
2
x y 2x 5 2x
2 4(2) 10 18 (2, 18) 1
y 5 2x
1 2
1 4(1) 10 14 (1, 14)
1
0 4(0) 10 10 (0, 10) 1(y) 1 5 2x
2 4(2) 10 2 (2, 2) y
1
x 5
2
4 4(4) 10 6 (4,6)
1
x 2
x 5 y (x, y)
{(2, 18), (1, 14), (0, 10), (2, 2), (4, 6)}. 2
1
(2) 5 6 (2, 6)
11, 512 2
2
y 1 1
18 1 2
(1) 5 52
16
1
0 2
(0) 5 5 (0, 5)
12
1
10 2 2
(2) 5 4 (2, 4)
8 1
6 4 2
(4) 5 3 (4, 3)
4
1 2
2 Graph the solution set
1
{(2, 6), 1, 52 , (0, 5), (2, 4), (4, 3)}.
4 2 O 2 4x
4 y
12. First solve the equation for y in terms of x. O x

3x y 10
3x y 3x 10 3x
y 10 3x
1(y) 1(10 3x)
y 3x 10
x 3x 10 y (x, y) 14. To find the x-intercept, let y 0.

2 3(2) 10 16 (2, 16) yx2
1 3(1) 10 13 (1, 13) 0x2
0 3(0) 10 10 (0, 10) 02x22
2 x
2 3(2) 10 4 (2, 4)
4 3(4) 10 2 (4, 2)
Graph the solution set yx2
{(2, 16), (1, 13), (0, 10), (2, 4), (4, 2)}. y02
y y2
2
4 2 O 2 4x Plot these points and draw the line that connects
2
4 them.
6 y
8
8 yx2
10
12
14 O x
16
Chapter 4 186
15. To find the x-intercept, let y 0. 19. Graph the equation. For each value of x, a vertical
x 2y 1 line passes through no more than one point on the
x 2(0) 1 graph. Thus, the equation represents a function.
x 1 y
x 2y 1
0 2y 1 O x
2y 1
2y 1
2
2
1
y 2
1
1
2 20. g(x) x2 4x 1
g(2) (2) 2 4(2) 1
them.
4 4(2) 1
y 4 (8) 1
481
12 1
13
O
21. f(x) 2x 5
112 2 2112 2 5
x
x 2y 1 f
1 5
4
22. g(x) x2 4x 1
g(3a) 1 [ (3a) 2 4(3a) 1] 1
3x 5 y
[9a2 4(3a) 1] 1
3x 5 0
3x 5 (9a2 12a 1) 1
3x 5 9a2 12a 2
3
3 23. f(x) 2x 5
5
x 3 f(x 2) 2(x 2) 5
1 2
5 2x 4 5
The graph intersects the x-axis at 3, 0 .
2x 1
24. 16 24 32 40
3x 5 y
8

8

8
3(0) 5 y
05y This is an arithmetic sequence because the
0y 5yy difference between terms is constant. The
y5 common difference is 8.
25. 99 87 76 65
12

11

11
them. This is not an arithmetic sequence because the
y difference between terms is not constant.
26. 5 17 29 41

12

12

12
3x 5 y This is an arithmetic sequence because the

difference between terms is constant. The
O x 27. 5 10 15 20 25

15

25

35

45
The difference between each pair of terms
17. Since each element of the domain is paired with alternates in sign and the absolute value of each
exactly one element of the range, the relation is a difference is increased by 10 for each successive
function. pair. Continue the pattern. Add 55, 65, and 75.
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
18. The relation is not a function. The element 3 in
the domain is paired with both 1 and 2 in the 15 25 35 45 55 65 75
range. The next three terms are 30, 35, and 40.
187 Chapter 4
28. 5 5 6 8 11 15 3. B;

0

1

2

3

4 Let x represent the number of students who eat
The difference between each pair of terms five servings.
2 x
increases by 1 for each successive pair. Continue 5
470
increasing each successive difference by 1. Add 5(x) 2(470)
5, 6, and 7. 5x 940
5 5 6 8 11 15 20 26 33

5x 940
5
5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
x 188
You can expect 188 students to eat five servings of
29. K C 273
fruits and vegetables daily.
K 273 C 273 273
K 273 C 4. B;
Since this equation is solved for C in terms of K, 13x 2(5x 3)
K is the independent variable and C is the 13x 10x 6
dependent variable. 13x 10x 10x 6 10x
3x 6
For five values of K and corresponding values of
3x 6
C, see students’ work. 3
3
30. D; x2
f(x) 3x 2 5. B;
f(8) f(5) [3(8) 2 ] [3(5) 2] The center is the midpoint of (1, 4) and (5, 4).
(24 2) (15 2) Let (a, b) (1, 4) and (c, d) (5, 4). The
22 (17) midpoint is
1a 2 c, b 2 d 2 11 2(5) , 4 2 4 2
22 17
39
1 2 , 22
4 8
Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice (2, 4)

The center of the circle is at (2, 4).
Pages 252–253 6. B;
1. B; The relation would not be a function if an element
Use the percent proportion. You know the percent, in the domain were paired with more than one
2, and the base, 315. Let a represent the part. element in the range. This would occur for x 2
a p or x 7.
b
100
7. D;
a 2
100
315 x y 3x 4y 12 True or False?
100(a) 315(2) 4 0 3(4) 4(0) 12
100a 630 true ✓
12 12
100a 630
100
100 8. C;
a 6.3 x y

There will be about 6 new students, so a total of 1 1 3

315 6, or 321, students will attend next year. 2

1
2 1
2. C; 3 ?
The total distance to be traveled is 1675 508, or 1
4 3
2183, mi. Use the percent proportion. You know
the part, 508, and the base, 2183. Let p represent For this relation to be linear, the differences of
the percent. the y values must be the same when the
a
100
p differences of the x values are the same.
b
Therefore, the difference between 1 and ? must
508 p
2183
100 be 2, and the difference between ? and 3 must
2183( p) 508(100) also be 2. Thus, the missing value must be 1.
2183p 50,800
2183p 50,800
2183
2183
p 23.3
About 23% of the total distance remained.
Chapter 4 188
9. C; 14. original: $160
x y new: $120
160 120 40

2

3 5 3
40 r
1 2 100
3 3 160
4 1 160(r) 40(100)
2 2 160r 4000
6 3
160r 4000
The difference in y values is the opposite of the 160
160
difference in x values. This suggests y x. r 25
Check: If x 2, then y (2) 2. But the y There was a 25% decrease in price.
value for x 2 is 5. This is a difference 15. Since the unknown quantity is width, solve the
of 3. Try other values in the domain to see formula for w.
if the same difference occurs.
V /wh
x 2 1 4 6 V

/wh
x 1 4 6
/h /h
2 y is always 3

V
y 5 2 1 3 more than x. /h
w
Substitute V 1800, h 6, and / 20.
Check y x 3.
1800
If x 1, then y (1) 3 2. (20) (6)
w
If x 6, then y (6) 3 3. 1800
w
120
Thus, y x 3 describes this relation. 15 w
15 6
10. 4
w The pool is 15 ft wide.
4(6) 15(w) 16. 1 triangle 2 triangles 3 triangles
24 15w 3 toothpicks 5 toothpicks 7 toothpicks
24 15w
15
15
2 2
8 The number of toothpicks form an arithmetic
w
5 sequence since the number added each time is
8
So, the width is 5, or 1.6, cm. constant. The first term is 3. The common
25 difference is 2. Use the formula for the nth term
11. P(winning a television) 2000 to write an equation with a1 3 and d 2.
0.0125 an a1 (n 1)d
The probability of winning is 0.0125, or 1.25%. an 3 (n 1)2
12. Let n the first integer. an 3 2n 2
Then n 3 the second integer, and an 2n 1
2n 1 the third integer.
To find the number of toothpicks used to make
n (n 3) (2n 1) 52
7 triangles, find a7.
4n 4 52
4n 4 4 52 4 a7 2(7) 1
4n 48 a7 14 1
4n

48 a7 15
4 4
So, 15 toothpicks will be used to make 7 triangles.
n 12
n 3 12 3 or 15 17. C;
60 23 3 6
2n 1 2(12) 1 or 25 42 16(2 5) 3 3
4 62
The integers are 12, 15, and 25. 42 16(7) 3 60 8 3 6
16 16(7) 3 64 62
13. 5(x 2) 3(x 4) 10
5x 10 3x 12 10 1(7) 3
60 24 6
2
2x 22 10 73 36 6
2x 22 22 10 22 21 2
2x 32 42
2
2x 32
2
2 21
x 16 The two quantities are equal.
189 Chapter 4
18. B; 123 21158 2119 2 7 134 21141 2 If the width must be a whole number, the
1 24 21 9 2 1 4 21 14 2
domain of w is {1, 2, 3, . . . . , 24}. For each of
30 1 21 1
these widths, determine the area of the garden.
1 4 21 9 2 24 w (ft) A w (ft2)
5 1 21
56 w (ft)
5 3 1 24 1 23 23
36 8 2 24 2 22 44
5 10 3 27
Since 36 72 and 8 72, the quantity in 3 24 3 21 63
Column B is greater. 4 24 4 20 80
19. B; 6x 15 3x 75 5 24 5 19 95
6 24 6 18 108
6x 15 3x 3x 75 3x
9x 15 75 7 24 7 17 119
9x 15 15 75 15 8 24 8 16 128
9x 90 9 24 9 15 135
9x 90 10 24 10 14 140
9
9
11 24 11 13 143
x 10
12 24 12 12 144 ←
— GREATEST
3y 32 7y 74 13 24 13 11 143
3y 32 3y 7y 74 3y
14 24 14 10 140
32 4y 74
15 24 15 9 135
32 74 4y 74 74
16 24 16 8 128
42 4y
42 4y
17 24 17 7 119
4
4 18 24 18 6 108
10.5 y 19 24 19 5 95
The quantity in Column B is greater. 20 24 20 4 80
20. A; f(x) 37 10x 21 24 21 3 63
f(10) 37 10(10) 22 24 22 2 44
37 100 23 24 23 1 23
63 24 24 24 0 0
g(x) 9x 7
g(15) 9(15) 7 The greatest possible area is 144 ft2.
135 7
142
The quantity in Column A is greater.
21a. P 2/ 2w
Since the perimeter is 48 ft, 2/ 2w 48.
21b. A /w
Use the formula from part a to solve for one
variable in terms of the other.
2/ 2w 48
2(/ w) 48
2(/ w) 48
2
2
/ w 24
/ w w 24 w
/ 24 w
Chapter 4 190
Chapter 5 Analyzing Linear Equations
Page 255 Getting Started 6. Let (0, 0) (x1, y1) and (5, 4) (x2, y2).
2 2 2 8 8 4 y2 y1
1. 10 2 2. 12 4 mx
10 12
2
x1
1 2
5 3
4 0
5 0
2 2 2 4 4 4
3. 8
8 2 4. 8
84
4
5
1 1
4 2 7. Let (2, 2) (x1, y1) and (1, 2) (x2, y2).
5 5 5 7 7 7 y2 y1
5. 15
15 5 6. 28
28 7 mx x1
2
1 1 2 2
3 4 1 (22
9 9 3 18 18 6 4
7. 3
33 8. 12
12 6 1
3 3
1 2 4
3 12
1 8. Let (7,4) (x1, y1) and (9, 1) (x2, y2).
y2 y1
9.
a b
84
6 5 mx x1
c d 2
1 (42

1
9 7
4
3
10.
a b

5 (12
11.
a b

2 1 2
c d 2 (12 c d 4 0
5 1 3 9. Let (3, 5) (x1, y1) and (2, 5) (x2, y2).
2 1
4 y2 y1
6 3 mx x1
3
4 2
5 5
2 2 3
a b 8 (22 a b 3 (32 0
12. 13. 5
c d 1 1 c d 4 7

8 2

3 3 0
2 3
10 0
10. Let (1, 3) (x1, y1) and (1, 0) (x2, y2).
2
3
y2 y1
mx x1
5 0 2
0 3
1

3 1 (12
a b 2 2
14. 3
c d 79 0
1
2 Since division by zero is undefined, the slope is
1 undefined.
2
1
11. Let (6, 2) (x1, y1) and (r, 6) (x2, y2).
2 y2 y1
mx x1
15. (1, 2) 16. (3, 2) 17. (2, 3) 2
6 (22
18. (0, 3) 19. (2, 2) 20. (3, 0) 4 r 6
4
4 r 6
4(r 62 4
5-1 Slope 4r 24 4
4r 24 24 4 24
4r 20
Pages 259–260 Check for Understanding 4r

20
1. Sample answer: Use (1,3) as (x1, y1) and 4 4
(3,5) as (x2, y2) in the slope formula. r5

2. See students’ work. 12. Let (9, r) (x1, y1) and (6, 3) (x2, y2).
y2 y1
3. The difference in the x values is always 0, and mx x1
2
division by 0 is undefined. 1 3 r
3 6 9
4. Carlos; Allison switched the order of the
1 3 r
x-coordinates, resulting in an incorrect sign. 3 3
5. Let (1, 1) (x1, y1) and (3, 4) (x2, y2). 1(32 3(3 r2
y2 y1
mx 3 9 3r
x1
2
3 9 9 3r 9
4 1
3 1 6 3r
3 6 3r
2 3
3
2r
191 Chapter 5
13. Use the formula for slope. 22. Let (3, 6) (x1, y1) and (2, 4) (x2, y2).
rise change in quantity y2 y1
run
change in time mx
2
x1
55 52
1992 1990
4 6
2 (32
3
2
or 1.5
2
5
Over this 2-year period, the number of 2
5
subscribers increased by 3 million, for a rate of
change of 1.5 million per year. 23. Let (3, 4) (x1, y1) and (5, 1) (x2, y2).
y2 y1
14. Sample answer: ’92–’94; steeper segment means mx x1
greater rate of change. 2
1 (4)
5 (3)

15. Let (2, 4) (x1, y1) and (2, 1) (x2, y2). 8
y2 y1 24. Let (2, 1) (x1, y1) and (5, 3) (x2, y2).
mx x1 y2 y1
2
mx x1
1 (4)
2 (2)
2
3 (1)
3 5 2
4 2

16. Let (0, 3) (x1, y1) and (3, 2) (x2, y2). 3
y2 y1 2
3
mx x1
2
2 3
25. Let (5, 4) (x1, y1) and (5, 1) (x2, y2).
30 y2 y1
mx x1
1
2
3 1 4
1 5 (52
3
5

17. Let (4, 1) (x1, y1) and (3, 3) (x2, y2). 0
y2 y1 Since division by zero is undefined, the slope is
mx x1 undefined.
2

3 (12 26. Let (2, 6) (x1, y1) and (1, 3) (x2, y2).
3 (42 y2 y1
2 mx
1 2
x1
3 6
2 1 2
18. Let (3, 3) (x1, y1) and (1, 3) (x2, y2).
3
y2 y1 3
mx x1 1
2

3 3 27. Let (2, 3) (x1, y1) and (8, 3) (x2, y2).
1 (32 y2 y1
0 mx
4 2
x1
3 3
0 8 (22
19. Let (2, 1) (x1, y1) and (2, 3) (x2, y2).
0
y2 y1 10
mx x1 0
2

3 1 28. Let (3, 9) (x1, y1) and (7, 6) (x2, y2).
2 (22 y2 y1
2 mx
0 2
x1
6 9
Since division by zero is undefined, the slope is 7 (32
undefined. 3
4
20. Let (2, 3) (x1, y1) and (9, 7) (x2, y2).
3
y2 y1
mx x1
4
2 29. Let (8, 3) (x1, y1) and (6, 2) (x2, y2).
7 3
92 y2 y1
mx x1
4 2
7 2 3
6 (82
21. Let (5, 7) (x1, y1) and (2, 3) (x2, y2).
1
y2 y1
mx x1
2
1
2
2
3 7
2 5
10
7
10
7
Chapter 5 192
30. Let (2, 0) (x1, y1) and (1, 1) (x2, y2). 37. Let (0, 0) (x1, y1) and (r, s) (x2, y2).
y2 y1 y2 y1
mx x1
mx x1
2 2
1 0 s 0
1 (22
r 0
1 s
3 r
if r 0
3
1
38. Let (a, b) (x1, y1) and (a, b) (x2, y2).
y2 y1
31. Let (4.5, 1) (x1, y1) and (5.3, 2) (x2, y2). mx x
2 1
y2 y1
mx x1
b b
2 a a
2 (12 2b
5.3 4.5 0
3
0.8
Since division by zero is undefined, the slope is
15 undefined.
4 rise 16
39.
32. Let (0.75, 1) (x1, y1) and (0.75, 1) (x2, y2). run 4
y2 y1 4
mx x1 rise change in quantity
2 40. run
change in time
1 1
5.15 4.25
0.75 0.75 1997 1991
2
0.9
0 6
0.15
undefined.
1 2 1 2 (x2,
1 1 1 1
Over this 6-year period, the minimum wage
33. Let 22,12 (x , y ) and 2, 2
y2 ). increased by $0.90, for a rate of change of $0.15
1 1
y2 y1 per year.
mx x1 41. Let (6, 2) (x1, y1) and (9, r) (x2, y2).
1 2
2
1 1 y2 y 1
2
12 mx x1
1 1
2
2 22 1
r 2
9 6
2
3 1
r 2
3
2
3 1(32 r 2
1 2 1 2
3 1 1 3 r 2
34. Let 4, 14 (x1, y1 ) and 2, 1 (x2, y2 ).
3 2 r 2 2
y2 y1 1 r
mx x1
2 42. Let (4, 5) (x1, y1) and (3, r) (x2, y2).
1 y2 y 1
1 14 mx
1 3 2
x1
2 4 r (52
8 3 4
9
4 r 5
8 1
5
4
8(12 r 5
5
9
8 r 5
8 5 r 5 5.
35. Sample answer: The rise in the picture is about
13 r
16 mm, and the run is about 22 mm.
rise 43. Let (5, r) (x1, y1) and (2, 3) (x2, y2).
slope run y2 y 1
16
mx x1
22
2
4 3 r
8 2 5
11
3
4 3 r
36. Sample answer: The rise in the picture is about 3
3
10 mm, and the run is about 30 mm. 4(32 3(3 r2
slope
rise 12 9 3r
run 12 9 9 3r 9
10
30 3 3r
3 3r

1
3
3
3
1r
193 Chapter 5
44. Let (2, 7) (x1, y1) and (r, 3) (x2, y2). 48. Let (r, 5) (x1, y1) and (2, r) (x2, y2).
y2 y1 y2 y1
mx x1
mx x1
2 2
4 3 7 2 r 5
3
r (22
9 2 r
4 4 212 r2 91r 52
3
r 2
4 2r 9r 45
4(r 22 3(42
4 2r 9r 9r 45 9r
4r 8 12
4 7r 45
4r 8 8 12 8
4 7r 4 45 4
4r 20
7r 49
4r 20
7r 49
4 4
7
7
r 5
1 2 (x1, y1) and 1r, 54 2 (x2, y2).
r7
1 1
45. Let 2
, 4 49. (4, 5) is in Quadrant III and (4, 5) is in
y2 y1 Quadrant I. The segment connecting them goes
mx x1
2 from lower left to upper right, which is a positive
4 (4 2
5 1
slope.
4
r2
1 50. Karen’s Height
68
1
4 1 66
r
Height (in.)
2 64
4(r 2 2 1
1
62
4r 2 1 60
4r 2 2 1 2 58
4r 1
4r 1 0 12 14 16 18 20
4
4
Age (years)
1
r4
1 r2 (x1, y1) and 11, 2 (x2, y2).

51. Karen grew the fastest in the two-year period
2 1 from age 12 to age 14. The line segment
46. Let 3
, 2
y2 y1
representing this two-year period is the steepest
mx x1
part of the graph.
2
1 52. There was no change in height in that two-year
1 2
r period.
2
2
13 53. The steepest segment is between ’90 and ’95.
1 Thus, the rate of change was the greatest during
r
1

2 this five-year period.
2 1
113 2 21 2
3 The least steep segment is between ’80 and ’85.
1
1
r Thus, the rate of change was the least during this
2 five-year period.
1
1 2r change in enrollment 11.3 12.4
3 54. change in time
1990 1985
1
1 1 2r 1 1.1
3 5
2
3 2r 0.22
2
3 2r
Between 1985 and 1990, the rate of change was
0.22 million students per year.
2 2
1 55. The negative slope represents a decline in
3
r
enrollment.
47. Let (4, r) (x1, y1) and (r, 2) (x2, y2). 56. See students’ work.
y2 y1
mx x1
2
5 2 r
3
r 4
5(r 4) 3(2 r)
5r 20 6 3r
5r 20 3r 6 3r 3r
2r 20 6
2r 20 20 6 20
2r 14
2r 14
2
2
r7
Chapter 5 194
57. In the picture, the stairs rise 7 in. for each 11 in. Let (2, 2) (x1, y1) and (1, 1) (x2, y2).
of run. y2 y1
rise
mx x1
slope run
2
1 (2)
7 1 (2)
11 1
7
Use the formula for slope with slope 11, rise 3
8 feet 9 inches or 105 in. and run r. Let (4, 0) (x1, y1) and (2, 2) (x2, y2).
y2 y1
slope
rise mx x1
run 2
7 105 2 0
11
r
2 4
7(r) 11(105) 2
6
7r 1155 1
7r 1155
7
7
3
The slope is the same regardless of points chosen.
r 165
62. Let (2, 3) (x1, y1) and (1, 1) (x2, y2).
The total run would be 165 in. or 13 feet 9 inches. y2 y1
58. Sample answer: Analysis of the slope of a roof mx x1
2
might help to determine the materials of which it 1 3
1 2
should be made and its functionality. Answers
4
should include the following. 3
• To find the slope of the roof, find a vertical line 4
3
that passes through the peak of the roof and a
horizontal line that passes through the eave. Let (1, 1) (x1, y1) and (4, 2) (x2, y2).
y2 y1
Find the distances from the intersection of mx x1
2
those two lines to the peak and to the eave. 2 (1)
Use those measures as the rise and run to 4 (1)
calculate the slope. 1
3
• A roof that is steeper than one with a rise of 6 1
and a run of 12 would be one with a rise 3
4
greater than 6 and the same run. A roof with a No, they do not. Slope of QR is 3 and slope of RS
steeper slope appears taller than one with a 1
is 3. If they lie on the same line, the slopes should
less steep slope.
be the same.
59. D; Let (5,4) (x1, y1) and (5, 10) (x2, y2).
y2 y1
mx x1
10 (4)
5 5 1 1 1 1
6

0 63. x 1 2 3 4 5
Since division by zero is undefined, the slope is f(x) 5 10 15 20 25
undefined.
60. B; Let (c, d) (x1, y1) and (a, b) (x2, y2). 5 5 5 5
y2 y1
mx x1
The difference of the values for x is 1, and the
2
difference of the values for f(x) is 5. This suggests
b d
a c that f(x) 5x. Check this equation.
61. Let (5, 3) (x1, y1) and (2, 2) (x2, y2). Check: If x 1, then f(x) 5(1) or 5.
y2 y1 If x 2, then f(x) 5(2) or 10.
mx
2
x1 If x 3, then f(x) 5(3) or 15.
2 (3)
2 (5)
The equation checks. We can write the equation
1 as f(x) 5x.
3
Let (5, 3) (x1, y1) and (4, 0) (x2, y2).
y2 y1
mx x1
2
0 (3)
4 (5)
3
9
1
3
195 Chapter 5
1 2 1 2 69. Solve the equation for y.
xy0
64. x 2 1 1 2 4 xyx0x
f(x) 13 12 10 9 7 y x
(1)(y) (1)(x)
1 2 1 2 yx
The difference in f(x) values is 1 times the Select five values for the domain and make a
difference in x values. This suggests that f(x) x. table. Then graph the ordered pairs and draw a
Check this equation. line through the points.
Check: If x 2, then f(x) (2) or 2. x y (x, y)
But the f(x) value for x 2 is 13. 3 3 (3, 3)
This is a difference of 11. Try some other value in 1 1 (1, 1)
the domain to see if the same difference occurs. 0 0 (0, 0)
x 2 1 1 2 4 2 2 (2, 2)
x 2 1 1 2 4 4 4 (4, 4)
f(x) 13 12 10 9 7
y
f(x) is always 11 more than x. This pattern
suggests that 11 should be added to one side of x y 0
the equation in order to correctly describe the
relation. Check f(x) x 11.
Check: If x 2, then f(x) (2) 11 or 13. O x
If x 1, then f(x) (1) 11 or 12.
The equation checks. We can write the equation
as f(x) 11 x.
65. Graph the equation. No vertical line passes
through more than one point on the graph. Thus, 70. The percent is 40, and the base is 37.5. Let a
the line represents a function. represent the part.
a p
y b
100
6 a 40
3 37.5
100
–12 –9 –6 –3 O 3 6 9 12 x 100a 37.5(40)
–3
100a 1500
–6
100a 1500
–9 y 15 100
100
–12
a 15
–18 Forty percent of 37.5 is 15.
71. 7(3) 21 72. (4)(2) 8
66. Graph the equation. The vertical line x 5 passes 73. (9)(4) 36 74. (8)(3.7) 29.6
through more than one point on the graph. Thus,
the line does not represent a function.
75. 81 7 2113 2 247 76. 114 2112 2 (14) 118 21142
7 3
y 4 or 14
2 6 3 1
x5 77. 6 3 1 2 78. 12 4 12 4

18 48
2
O x 9
3 10 8 1 1 1 3
79. 10 8

1 3
80. 2
3 21
80 2 3 1
3 or 26 3 2 or 1 2
3 1 3 6 3 3 1
81. 4
6 41 82. 4
6 46
67. This set of ordered pairs represents a relation 18 3
4 24
that is not a function. The element 1 in the 9 1 1
domain is paired with both 0 and 4 in the range. 2 or 42 8
68. This set of ordered pairs represents a function 7 18 8 3 2 3 5
83. 18 8 1 7 84. 8
5 82
since, for each element of the domain, there is 144 4 15
only one corresponding element in the range. 7 or 20 7 16
2 1 8 4
85. 23 4 3 1
32 2
3 or 103
Chapter 5 196
Page 263 Reading Mathematics 6. Step 1: Write the slope as a ratio.
2
1. Sample answer: The mathematical meaning of 21
function is most closely related to the third Step 2: Graph (0, 0).
definition in the everyday meanings.
Step 3: From the point (0, 0), move up
Term Everyday Mathematical 2 units and right 1 unit.
Meaning Meaning Draw a dot.
2a. slope 1. to diverge the ratio of Step 4: Draw a line containing the points.
from the vertical the rise to the y
or horizontal; run
incline
2. to move on a y 2x
slant; ascend O
or descend x
2b. inter- to stop, deflect, the coordinate

cept or interrupt the at which a graph
progress or intersects an
intended axis
course of 7. Step 1: Write the slope as a ratio.
2c. para- of, relating to, or lines that never 3
3 1
llel carrying intersect;
out the nonvertical lines Step 2: Graph (0, 0).
simultaneous that have Step 3: From the point (0, 0), move
performance of the same slope down 3 units and right 1 unit.
separate tasks Draw a dot.
Step 4: Draw a line containing the points.
y
5-2 Slope and Direct Variation
y 3 x
Page 265 Graphing Calculator Investigation
1. All the graphs pass through the origin. O x
2. None of the graphs have the same slope.
3. Sample answer: y 5x; See students’ graphs.
3
4. Sample answer: y 2x; See students’ graphs.
5. This family of graphs has a y-intercept of 0. Their
8. Step 1: Write the slope as a ratio.
slopes are all different. 1
6. As|m|increases the graph becomes more steep. 2
Step 2: Graph (0, 0).
Page 267 Check for Understanding Step 3: From the point (0, 0), move
1. y kx, where k is a constant of variation. up 1 unit and right 2 units.
2. b; 4a b means b varies directly as a, and 4 is Draw a dot.
the constant of variation. Step 4: Draw a line containing the points.
1
c; z 3 x means z varies directly as x, and
1
is the y
3
constant of variation. y 12 x
3. They are equal.

1
4. The constant of variation is 3. O
y2 y1
x
mx x1
2
0 1
m0 (3)
1
m 3
1
The slope is 3.
5. The constant of variation is 1.
y2 y1
mx x1
2
2 0
m20
m1
The slope is 1.
197 Chapter 5
9. Find the value of k. 13. The graph of y 6x passes through the origin
y kx with slope 6.
27 k(6) m1
6
27 k(6)
6
6 y
9
2
k
9
Therefore, y 2 x. y 6x
Now find x when y 45.
9
y 2x
9 O
45 2 x
1 2
x
2 2 9
9
(45) 9 2
x
10 x 14. y 6x
10. Find the value of k. y 6(30)
y kx y 180
10 k(9) You will earn $180 if you work 30 hours.
10 k(9)
9
9
10
k
10
Therefore, y 9
x. 15. The constant of variation is 2.
y2 y1
Now find x when y 9. mx
2
x1
10
y x 4 0
9 m 2 0
10
9 x m2
1 2
9
9 9 10
10
(9) 10 9
x The slope is 2.
81 16. The constant of variation is 4.
10
x y2 y1
8.1 x mx x1
2
11. Find the value of k. 0 (4)
m 0 (1)
y kx
m4
7 k(14)
7 k(14)
The slope is 4.
14
14 1
1
k y2 y1
2 mx x1
1 2
Therefore, y 2 x. 1 0
m 2 0
Now find y when x 20.
1
1 m 2
y 2x
1
1 The slope is 2.
y 2 (20)
y 10 y2 y1
12. Words: Your pay for 7.5 hours is $45. mx x1
2
Variables: Let k pay rate. m
2 0
2 0
Amount of Pay equals pay rate times time.
144424443 14243 14243 1 3 1
424 424
3 m 1
Equation: $45 k 7.5h
The slope is 1.
Solve for the rate. 3
45 k(7.5) y2 y1
45 k(7.5) mx
7.5
7.5 2
x1
3 0
6k m 2 0
Therefore, the direct variation equation is y 6x. m
3
2
3
The slope is 2.
Chapter 5 198
1 24. Write the slope as a ratio.
y2 y1 4
mx 4 1
2
x1
1 0 Graph (0, 0). From the point (0, 0), move down
m 4 0 4 units and right 1 unit. Draw a dot. Draw a line
1 containing the points.
m 4
1 y
The slope is 4.
21. Write the slope as a ratio.
1 y 4 x
11
Graph (0, 0). From the point (0, 0), move up O x
1 unit and right 1 unit. Draw a dot. Draw a line
containing the points.
y

yx 1
O 4
x Graph (0, 0). From the point (0, 0), move up
1 unit and right 4 units. Draw a dot. Draw a line
y
22. Write the slope as a ratio. y 14 x

3
31 O
Graph (0, 0). From the point (0, 0), move up x
3 units and right 1 unit. Draw a dot. Draw a line
y

y 3x 3
O 5
x Graph (0, 0). From the point (0, 0), move up
3 units and right 5 units. Draw a dot. Draw a line
y
y 35 x

1
1 1 O
Graph (0, 0). From the point (0, 0), move down x
1 unit and right 1 unit. Draw a dot. Draw a line
y
y x 27. Write the slope as a ratio.

5
2
O x Graph (0, 0). From the point (0, 0), move up
y
y 52 x
O
x
199 Chapter 5
28. Write the slope as a ratio. 32. Write the slope as a ratio.
7 9 9
5
2 2
Graph (0, 0). From the point (0, 0), move up Graph (0, 0). From the point (0, 0), move down
7 units and right 5 units. Draw a dot. Draw a line 9 units and right 2 units. Draw a dot. Draw a line
containing the points. containing the points.
y y
O x
y 92 x
y 75 x
O
x
29. Write the slope as a ratio. 33. Find the value of k.

1
y kx
5
8 k(4)
Graph (0, 0). From the point (0, 0), move up
8 k(4)
1 unit and right 5 units. Draw a dot. Draw a line 4
4
containing the points. 2k
y Therefore, y 2x.
y 15 x
y 2x
O y 2(5)
x y 10
34. Find the value of k.
y kx
36 k(6)
36 k(6)
6
6
2 2 6k
3 3 Therefore, y 6x.
Graph (0, 0). From the point (0, 0), move down Now find x when y 42.
y 6x
42 6x
y 42 6x
6
6
7x
y 23 x
35. Find the value of k.
O x y kx
16 k(4)
16 k(4)
4
4
4 k
Therefore, y 4x.
31. Write the slope as a ratio. Now find x when y 20.
4 4
3 3 y 4x
Graph (0, 0). From the point (0, 0), move down 20 4x
4 units and right 3 units. Draw a dot. Draw a 20 4x
4
4
line containing the points.
5 x
y
y 43 x
O x
Chapter 5 200
36. Find the value of k. 40. Find the value of k.
y kx y kx
18 k(6) 6.6 k(9.9)
18 k(6) 6.6 k(9.9)
6
6 9.9
9.9
3 k 3
2
k
Therefore, y 3x. 2
Therefore, y 3 x.
Now find y when x 6.6.
y 3x
2
6 3x y 3 x
6 3x 2
3
3 y 3 (6.6)
2 x y 4.4
y kx y kx
4 k(12) 2
23 k 114 2
1 13 2
1 1k 4 2
4 k(12)
12
12 4 8 4 1
1
3
k
32
1 k
Therefore, y 3 x. 3
32
Now find y when x 24. Therefore, y 3
x.
1 1
y 3x Now find y when x 18.
1 32
y 3 (24) y x
1 2
3
y 8 y
32 1
18
12
3
38. Find the value of k. 32 9
y kx y 3 8
12 k(15) y 12
12 k(15) 42. Find the value of k.
15
15
y kx
123 2
4
5
k
6k
(6) 2 1 k 3 2
4
Therefore, y 5x.
3 3 2
Now find x when y 21. 2
4
y 5x 9k
4 Therefore, y 9x.
21 5x
1 2
5 5 4
4
(21) 4 5
x y 9x
105 12 9x
4
x
12 9x
26.25 x 9
9
4
39. Find the value of k. 3
x
y kx 43. The circumference C is 3.14 times the diameter d.
1444 442444 443 { 123 1 424
3 1444 424444 3
2.5 k(0.5) C 3.14 d
2.5 k(0.5)
0.5
0.5 The direct variation equation is C 3.14d.
5k The graph of C 3.14d passes through the origin
Therefore, y 5x. with slope 3.14.
3.14
Now find y when x 20. m 1
y 5x
C
y 5(20)
y 100
C 3.14 d
0 d
201 Chapter 5
The perimeter P is 4 times the length of a side s. 48. Line 4 passes through the points (0, 0) and
44. 14444244443 { { 1424 3 144444424444443
P 4 s (1, 25).
y2 y1
The direct variation equation is P 4s. mx x1
2
The graph of P 4s passes through the origin 25 0
m 1 0
with slope 4.
4 m 25
m1
The slope of line 4 is 25. Therefore, line 4
P represents the sprinting speed of the elephant.
49. Line 2 passes through the points (0, 0) and
(1, 32).
y2 y1
mx x1
P 4s 2
32 0
m 1 0
m 32
0 s represents the sprinting speed of the reindeer.
The total cost C is 0.99 times the number of yards n.
45. 1
444424444 3 { 123 1 424
3 1444442444443 (1, 50).
C 0.99 n y2 y1
The direct variation equation is C 0.99n. mx x1
2
The graph of C 0.99n passes through the m
50 0
1 0
origin with slope 0.99.
0.99
m 50
m 1 The slope of line 1 is 50. Therefore, line 1
C represents the sprinting speed of the lion.
(1, 30).
y2 y1
C 0.99 n mx x1
2
30 0
m 1 0
m 30
represents the sprinting speed of the grizzly bear.
0 n
52. The weight on the moon is 60 pounds, and the
The total cost C is 14.49 times the number of pounds p. weight on Earth is 360 pounds.
46. 1
444424444
3 { 123 1 424
3 1 4444442444444 3
C 14.49 p Let k constant of variation.
The direct variation equation is C 14.49p. The weight the constant the weight
equals times
The graph of C 14.49p passes through the on the moon of variation on Earth.
1442443 1
424
3 1442443 1
424
3 1442443
origin with slope 14.49. 60 k 360
14.49
m 1 Solve for the constant of variation.
C 60 k(360)
60 k(360)
40 360
360
1
6
k
30
Therefore, the direct variation equation is
C 14.49 p 1
20 m 6 e.
1
10 53. m 6 e
p 1
m 6 (138)
2 4 6 8
m 23
y
47. It also doubles. If x k, and x is multiplied by 2, If you weigh 138 pounds on Earth, you would
y must also be multiplied by 2 to maintain the weigh 23 pounds on the moon.
value of k.
Chapter 5 202
54. The age of a human is 3 years old, and the age of Page 270 Maintain Your Skills
a horse is 1 year old. y2 y1
63. m x x1
Let k constant of variation. 2
0 3
The age of the constant the age of m 2 1
equals times
a human of variation a horse. m 3
1442443 1
424
3 1442443 1
424
3 1
44244
3
3 k 1 y2 y1
64. m x x1
Solve for the constant of variation. 2
2 (2)
3 k(1) m 2 2
3k m
4
0
Therefore, the direct variation equation is y 3x.
55. y 3x undefined.
16 3x y2 y1 y2 y1
16 3x 65. m x x1
66. mx x1
3
3
2 2
3 1 3 7
1
53 x m 2 (3)
2 r 1
m2 4
The equivalent horse age for a human who is 2 r 1
1
16 years old is 53 years old or 5 years 4 months. 21r 12 4
56. The slope of the equation that relates time and 2r 2 4
water use is the number of gallons used per 2r 2 2 4 2
minute in the shower. Answers should include the 2r 2
2r 2
following.
2
2
• y 2.5x r 1
• Less steep; the slope is less than the slope of 67. 1 1 1 1 1
the graph on page 268.
57. D; The graph passes through the points (0, 0) and x 0 1 2 3 4 5
(2, 1). y 1 9 13 21
y2 y1
mx
2
x1 4
1 0 The difference in the x values is 1, and the
m 2 0
1
difference in the y values is 4. Since 1 4 5, and
m 2 13 4 17, the numbers 5 and 17 are inserted.
1
Therefore, the equation is y 2 x. x 0 1 2 3 4 5
58. C; The ordered pair (0, 0) is a solution of a direct y 1 5 9 13 17 21
variation equation. Check (0, 0) in the equation
68. 2 2 2 2 2
y 3x 1.
Check: y 3x 1 x 2 4 6 8 10 12
?
0 3(0) 1 y 4 2 2
01
2
59. The calculator screen shows the graphs of
y 1x, y 2x and y 4x. The difference in the x values is 2, and the
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1 difference in the y values is 2. Since 4 2 6,
6 2 8, and 2 2 0, the numbers 8, 6, and 0
are inserted.
x 2 4 6 8 10 12
y 8 6 4 2 0 2
69. 15 1122 1|15| |12|2

115 122
60. They all pass through (0, 0), but these have 3
negative slopes. 70. 8 152 8 5
61. Sample answer: y 5x. 13
62. Sample answer: Find the absolute value of k in 71. 9 6 9 162
each equation. The one with the greatest value of (|9| |6|)
|k| has the steeper slope. 19 62
15
72. 18 12 18 1122
1|18| |12|2
118 122
30
203 Chapter 5
73. 3x y 8 7. Write the slope as a ratio.
3x y 3x 8 3x 7
7
y 3x 8 1
Graph (0, 0). From the point (0, 0), move down
74. 2x y 7
2x y 2x 7 2x
y 2x 7
y
75. 4x y 3 76. 2y 4x 10
4x 3 y 3 3 1
(2y)
1
2 (4x 10)
4x 3 y 2
y 7 x
y 2x 5
77. 9x 3y 12 O x
9x 3y 9x 12 9x
3y 9x 12
1 1
3
(3y) 3 (9x 12)
y 3x 4
78. x 2y 5 8. Write the slope as a ratio.
x 2y x 5 x 3
2y 5 x 4
2y 5 x Graph (0, 0). From the point (0, 0), move up
2
2 3 units and right 4 units. Draw a dot. Draw a line
x 5 containing the points.
y 2
y
y 34 x
y2 y1 y2 y1
1. m x x1
2. m x x1
O
2 2 x
8 (6) 3 3
m 3 (4)
m 11 8
m 2 m 19
0
m0
y2 y1 y2 y1
3. m x x1
4. m x x1 9. Find the value of k.
2 2
9 8 11 1 y kx
m 5 (4)
m 7 0 24 k182
1 10
m 9
m 7
24

k182
y2 y1 8 8
5. mx x1 3k
2
5 (3) Therefore, y 3x.
2 r 5
2
2 r 5 y 3x
2(r 5) 2 y 3(3)
2r 10 2 y 9
2r 10 10 2 10 10. Find the value of k.
2r 8 y kx
2r 8
2
2 10 k(15)
10 k(15)
r4 15
15
y2 y1
6. mx x1 3
2
k
2
3 9 r 2
2
4 6
Therefore, y 3x.
3 9 r Now find x when y 6.
2
10 2
y 3x
3(10) 2(9 r)
30 18 2r 6 3x
2
1 2
30 18 18 2r 18 3 3 2
48 2r 2 (6) 2 3 x
48

2r 9x
2 2
24 r
Chapter 5 204
(Preview of Lesson 5-3) 5-3 Slope-Intercept Form
2. Sample answer: It is a linear pattern. Page 275 Check for Understanding
3. It is the y-intercept. 1. Sample answer: y 7x 2
4. See students’ work. Sample answer: 1.5 2. Vertical lines have undefined slope. Horizontal
5. The slope represents the rate of change. lines have a slope of 0.
6. Add 2.5 units to the y coordinate of each data 3. The rate of change is described by the slope.
point. Plot points at (0, 10.5), (1, 11.75), (2, 13), 4. Replace m with 3 and b with 1.
(3, 14.5), and (4, 15.5). y mx b
16 y y 3x 1
14 5. Replace m with 4 and b with 2.
Length (cm)
12
y mx b
10 y 4x 122
8 y 4x 2
6 6. Step 1: You know the coordinates of two points
x
0 on the line. Find the slope.
1 2 3 4 5
Number of Washers
Let (x1, y1) (0, 1) and (x2, y2) (2, 3).
y2 y1
7. The sample data has a distance of 8 cm for mx x1
2
0 washers and an approximate change of 1.25 cm 3 (1)
for each washer added. Therefore, the new graph m 2 0
should have a point at (0, 8), then increase the 4
m 2
distance more than 1.25 cm for each washer
m2
added. Sample answer: plot points at (0, 8),
(1, 10), (2, 12), (3, 14), and (4, 16). The slope is 2.
16 Step 2: The line crosses the y-axis at (0, 1).
y
14 So, the y-intercept is 1.
Length (cm)
12 Step 3: Finally, write the equation.

10 y mx b
8 y 2x 112
6 y 2x 1
x
The equation of the line is y 2x 1.
0 1 2 3 4 5
7. Step 1: You know the coordinates of two points
Number of Washers on the line. Find the slope.
8. The sample data has a distance of 8 cm for Let (x1, y1) (0, 2) and (x2, y2) (2, 1).
0 washers and an approximate change of 1.25 cm y2 y1
for each washer added. Therefore, the new graph mx x1
2
should have a point at (0, 8), then increase the 1 2
distance less than 1.25 cm for each washer added. m 2 0
3
Sample answer: plot points at (0, 8), (1, 9), (2, 10), m 2
(3, 11), and (4, 12). 3
m 2
12 y
3
11 The slope is 2.
10 Step 2: The line crosses the y-axis at (0, 2). So,
Length (cm)
9 the y-intercept is 2.
8 Step 3: Finally, write the equation.
7
y mx b
6 3
y 2x 2
5
x 3
The equation of the line is y 2x 2.
0 1 2 3 4 5
Number of Washers
205 Chapter 5
8. Step 1: The y-intercept is 3. So, graph (0, 3). 12. The graph passes through (0, 50) with slope 5.
2
Step 2: The slope is 1. From (0, 3), move up T
2 units and right 1 unit. Draw a dot. 80
Step 3: Draw a line containing the points. 60

y T 50 5w
40
y 2x 3 20
x 0
O
2 4 6 8 w
13. After 7 weeks, w 7.
T 5w 50
T 5172 50
T 85
9. Step 1: The y-intercept is 1. So, graph (0, 1).
3 So, the total amount saved after 7 weeks is $85.
Step 2: The slope is 1 . From (0, 1), move down
3 units and right 1 unit. Draw a dot.
Step 3: Draw a line containing the points.
y
14. Replace m with 2 and b with 6.
y mx b
y 2x 162
y 2x 6
O x 15. Replace m with 3 and b with 5.
y 3x 1 y mx b
y 3x 152
y 3x 5
1
16. Replace m with and b with 3.
10. Step 1: Solve for y to find the slope-intercept 2
form. y mx b
1
2x y 5 y 2x 3
2x y 2x 5 2x 3
y 2x 5
y mx b
Step 2: The y-intercept is 5. 3
So, graph (0, 5). y 5 x 0
2 3
Step 3: The slope is 1 . From (0, 5), move down y 5 x
2 units and right 1 unit. Draw a dot. 18. Replace m with 1 and b with 10.
Step 4: Draw a line containing the points. y mx b
y y 1x 10
y x 10
19. Replace m with 0.5 and b with 7.5.
y mx b
2x y 5
y 0.5x 7.5
20. Find the slope.
O x y2 y1
mx x1
2
4 1
m 1 0
11. Words: The amount you save increases $5 m3
per week, so the rate of change is $5
The line crosses the y-axis at (0, 1).
per week. You start with $50.
So, the y-intercept is 1.
Variables: T is the total amount. W is the
number of weeks. Finally, write the equation.
Equation: y mx b
y 3x 1
Total rate of number of weeks amount
equals times plus
amount change from now at start.
14243 1
424
3 14243 1
424
3 14444244443 1
424
3 14243
T 5 w 50
The equation is T 5w 50.
Chapter 5 206
21. Find the slope. So, the y-intercept is 2.
y2 y1
mx Finally, write the equation.
x1
2
1 (4)
y mx b
m 2 0 y 0x 2
m
3 y2
2
26. The slope of a horizontal line is 0.
The line crosses the y-axis at (0, 4). So, the
y-intercept is 4. Since the line crosses the y-axis at (0, 5), the
y-intercept is 5. Replace m with 0 and b with
Finally, write the equation.
5.
y mx b
y mx b
3
y 2 x (4) y 0x (5)
3 y 5
y 2x 4
27. Since the line passes through the origin, the
22. Find the slope. y-intercept is 0. Replace m with 3 and b with 0.
y2 y1
mx x1 y mx b
2
2 2 y 3x 0
m 1 0 y 3x
4
m 1
28. The y-intercept is 1. So, graph (0, 1). The slope is
3
m 4 1
. From (0, 1), move up 3 units and right 1 unit.
Draw a dot. Draw a line containing the points.
y
So, the y-intercept is 2.
Finally, write the equation. y 3x 1
y mx b
y 4x 2
O x
23. Find the slope.
y2 y1
mx x1
2
1 1
m 3 0
2
m 3 29. The y-intercept is 2. So, graph (0, 2). The slope
1
2 is 1. From (0, 2), move up 1 unit and right
m 3
1 unit. Draw a dot. Draw a line containing the
The line crosses the y-axis at (0, 1). points.
So, the y-intercept is 1. y
Finally, write the equation.
y mx b
2 yx2
y 3 x 1
24. Find the slope. O x
y2 y1
mx x1
2
3 0
m 2 0
3
m 2 30. The y-intercept is 1. So, graph (0, 1). The slope
4
The line crosses the y-axis at (0, 0). is 1 . From (0, 1) move down 4 units and right
So, the y-intercept is 0. 1 unit. Draw a dot. Draw a line containing the
Finally, write the equation. points.
y
y mx b
3
y 2x 0
3
y 2x
25. Find the slope. O x
y2 y1
mx x1
y 4x 1
2
2 2
m 2 0
0
m 2
m0
207 Chapter 5
31. The y-intercept is 2. So, graph (0, 2). The slope is 35. Solve for y to find the slope-intercept form.
1
1
. From (0, 2) move down 1 unit and right 1 unit. 2x y 3
Draw a dot. Draw a line containing the points. 2x y 2x 3 2x
y y 2x 3
1(y) 1(2x 3)
y 2x 3
The y-intercept is 3. So, graph (0, 3). The slope is
2
1
. From (0, 3) move up 2 units and right 1 unit.
O x
Draw a dot. Draw a line containing the points.
y x 2 y

1
2
. From (0, 4) move up 1 unit and right 2 units.
Draw a dot. Draw a line containing the points. O x
y 2x y 3
36. Solve for y to find the slope-intercept form.

1 3y 2x 3
y 2x 4
3y 2x 3
3
3
O x 3y 2x 3
3
3
3
2
y 3
x1
33. The y-intercept is 3. So, graph (0,3). The slope The y-intercept is 1. So, graph (0, 1). The slope is
1 2
is 3 . From (0, 3) move down 1 unit and right 3
. From (0, 1) move up 2 units and right 3 units.
3 units. Draw a dot. Draw a line containing the Draw a dot. Draw a line containing the points.
points. y
y
O x
O x
3y 2x 3
1
y 3x 3
37. Solve for y to find the slope-intercept form.

34. Solve for y to find the slope-intercept form. 2y 6x 4
3x y 2 2y

6x 4
2 2
3x y 3x 2 3x 2y 6x 4
y 3x 2 2
2
2
The y-intercept is 2. So, graph (0, 2). The slope y 3x 2
3
is 1 . From (0, 2) move down 3 units and right The y-intercept is 2. So, graph (0, 2). The slope
1 unit. Draw a dot. Draw a line containing the 3
is 1 . From (0, 2) move down 3 units and right
points. 1 unit. Draw a dot. Draw a line containing the
y points.
O y
x
O x
3x y 2
2y 6x 4
Chapter 5 208
38. Solve for y to find the slope-intercept form. 41. The cost increases $25 per hour, so the rate of
2x 3y 6 change is $25 per hour. The initial cost is $50.
2x 3y 2x 6 2x Let C total cost.
3y 2x 6 Let h number of hours used for repair.
3y 2x 6
3
3
number
3y 2x 6 of hours
3
3 3 Total rate of used for initial
2
y 3x 2 cost equals
123 123 1 change
424 times
3 123 1 repair
424 plus
3 123 123 cost.
The y-intercept is 2. So, graph (0, 2). The slope is C 25 h 50
2
3
. From (0, 2) move down 2 units and right The equation is C 25h 50.
3 units. Draw a dot. Draw a line containing the 1
42. The candle decreases in height 2 in. per hour, so
points. 1
the rate of change is 2 in. per hour. The candle
y
is 6 in. tall when lit.
Let H height of the candle.
Let t number of hours the candle burns.
2x 3y 6
number
O x
Height rate of hours height
of of candle at
candle
123 123 1equals change
424 times
3 123 1 burns
424 plus start.
3 123 123
1
C 2 t 6
1
39. Solve for y to find the slope-intercept form. The equation is H 2 t 6.
4x 3y 3 43. The temperature will fall 2 each hour, so the rate
4x 3y 4x 3 4x of change is 2 each hour. The temperature is
3y 4x 3 currently 15.
3y 4x 3
3
3
Let T temperature.
3y

4x
3
3 Let h number of hours passed during the night.
3 3
4
rate number temper-
y 3
x1 Temper- of of hours ature
The y-intercept is 1. So, graph (0, 1). The slope ature
1424 equals
3 123 1 change
424 times
3 123 1 passed
424 plus
3 123 1 at start.
424 3
4
is 3. From (0, 1) move up 4 units and right T 2 h 15
3 units. Draw a dot. Draw a line containing the The equation is T 2h 15.
points.
44. They all have a y-intercept of 3.
y
45. The amount of sales increased $1 billion per year,
so the rate of change is $1 billion per year. In
1991 there were $16 billion in book sales.
O x S is the total sales. t is the number of years after
1991.
number
4x 3y 3 rate of years amount
Total of after at
sales equals
123 123 1 change
424 times
3 123 1 1991
424 plus
3 123 1 start.
424 3
40. The cost increases $2 per hour, so the rate of S 1 t 16
change is $2 per hour. The initial cost is $20. The equation is S t 16.
Let C total cost. 46. The year 2005 is 14 years after 1991.
Let t number of hours bicycle is rented. So, t 14.
number S t 16
Total rate of of hours initial S 14 16
cost
123 equals
123 1 change
424 times
3 12 3 of
1 rental
424 31 plus
23 123 cost. S 30
C 2 t 20 So, the total sales will be $30 billion in 2005.
The equation is C 2t 20.
209 Chapter 5
47. The fatality rate decreased 0.12 each year, so the 55a. Replace A with 2, B with 1, and C with 4.
rate of change is 0.12 each year. In 1966 there A 2
B 1
were 5.5 fatalities per 100 million vehicle miles.
R is the fatality rate. t is the number of years 2
after 1966. The slope is 2.
C 4
number
B
1
rate of years amount
4
Fatality of after at
rate equals change times 1966 plus start. The y-intercept is 4.
14243 123 1 424 3 123 1 424 3 123 1 424 3
55b. Replace A with 3, B with 4, and C with 12.
R 0.12 t 5.5
A 3
The equation is R 0.12t 5.5. B 4
3
48. The graph passes through (0, 5.5) with slope The slope is 4.
0.12. C 12
B
4
R
3
55c. Replace A with 2, B with 3, and C with 9.
A 2
R 5.5 0.12t B 3
2
3
2
The slope is 3.
0 t C 9
B
3
49. The year 1999 is 33 years after 1966.
3
So, t 33.
R 0.12t 5.5 The y-intercept is 3.
R 0.12(33) 5.5
R 1.54
So, the fatality rate was 1.54 fatalities per Page 277 Maintain Your Skills
100 million vehicle miles in 1999. 56. Find the value of k.
50. The y-intercept is the flat fee in an equation that y kx
represents a price. Answers should include the 45 k(60)
following. 45

k(60)
60 60
• The graph crosses the y-axis at 5.99. 3
k
• Sample answer: A mechanic charges $25 plus 4
3
$40 per hour to work on your car. Therefore, y 4x.
51. D; Solve for y to find the slope-intercept form. Now find x when y 8.
2x y 5 3
y 4x
2x y 2x 5 2x
3
y 2x 5 8 4x
1 2
(1)(y) (1)(2x 5) 4 4 3
(8) 3 x
y 2x 5 3 4
32
The y-intercept is 5. 3
x
52. B; The y-intercept is 100, which indicates that 103
2
x
you already have $100. The slope is 5 which
indicates that you are adding or saving $5 for 57. Find the value of k.
each time frame. y kx
53. Ax By C 15 k(4)
15 k(4)
Ax By Ax C Ax 4
4
By Ax C 15
By Ax C 4
k
B
B 15
By Ax C
Therefore, y 4
x.
B B
B Now find y when x 10.
A C
y B x B, where B 0. y
15
x
4
A C A
54. The slope of y B x B is B, where B 0. y
15
(10)
4
C
The y-intercept is B. y
75 1
or 372
2
Chapter 5 210
y2 y1 y2 y1
58. m x 59. m x Notice that the graph of y 4 is the same as
x1 x1
2 2 the graph of y 0, moved 4 units down. Also, the
6 0 4 (1)
m 4 (3)
m 3 3 graph of y 7 is the same as the graph of y 0,
6 3 moved 7 units up. All graphs have the same slope
m 1 m 0 and different intercepts.
m 6 Since division by zero Because they all have the same slope, this family
is undefined, the slope of graphs can be described as linear graphs with a
is undefined. slope of 0.
y2 y1
60. m x x1 2. Enter the equations in the Y list and graph.
2
2 (5)
m 9 5
7
m 4
2.5
3
4
0.75
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
0.5
7 • The graph of y x 1 has a slope of 1 and
0.875
8 a y-intercept of 1.
0.5 0.75 0.875 2.5 • The graph of y 2x 1 has a slope of 2 and a
The numbers arranged in order from least to y-intercept of 1.
3 7 1 1
greatest are 0.5, 4, 8, 2.5. • The graph of y 4 x 1 has a slope of 4 and a
15 9 y-intercept of 1.
62. x 2 63. 3(7) 2 b
21 2 b These graphs have the same intercept and
6
x 2 different slopes. This family of graphs can be
x3 described as linear graphs with a y-intercept of 1.
y2 y1
64. q 62 22 65. m x 3. Enter the equations in the Y list and graph.
x1
q 36 4
2
2 2 y x 4
q 32 m 1 (1)
4
m 2
m 2
y2 y1 y2 y1 y 2x 4
66. m x 67. m x y 2x 4
2
x1 2
x1
8 8 13 (1)
m 2 5
m 10 1
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
12
m
0
m • The graph of y x 4 has a slope of 1 and a
7 9
y-intercept of 4.
m0 m 3
4
• The graph of y 2x 4 has a slope of 2 and a
y-intercept of 4.
Page 279 Graphing Calculator Investigation y-intercept of 4.
(Follow-Up of Lesson 5-3) These equations are similar in that they all have
1. Enter the equations in the Y list and graph. positive slope. However, since the slopes are
different and the y-intercepts are different, these
graphs are not all in the same family.
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
• The graph of y 4 has a slope of 0 and a

y-intercept of 4.
y-intercept of 0.
y-intercept of 7.
211 Chapter 5
4. Enter the equations in the Y list and graph. Because they all have the same slope, this family
1 of graphs can be described as linear graphs with a
y 4x4
slope of 3.
7. Sample answer: The value of m determines the
steepness and direction of the graph. If the graph
has a positive slope, it slants upward from left to
1 1 right. A graph with a negative slope slants
y 3x3 y 2x2
downward from left to right. The greater the
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1 absolute value of the slope, the steeper the line.
1 1 Lines with the same slope are parallel. The value
of b determines where the line crosses the y-axis.
y-intercept of 2.
1 1 Lines with the same value of b form a family of
lines that intersect at that intercept. The values
y-intercept of 3.
1 1
of b in a family of parallel lines determine how far
• The graph of y 4x 4 has a slope of 4 and a the lines are apart on the y-axis.
y-intercept of 4.
8. This class of functions has graphs that are lines
These equations are similar in that they all have with slope 1. Their y-intercepts are all different.
9. See students’ graphs. The graph of y 0 x 0 c is
positive slope. However, since the slopes are
the same as the graph of y 0 x 0 translated
different and the y-intercepts are different, these
graphs are not all in the same family.
vertically c units. If c is positive, the translation
5. Enter the equations in the Y list and graph. is up; if c is negative, the translation is down. The
graph of y 0 x c 0 is the same as the graph of
y 2x 2 y 0 x 0 , translated horizontally c units. If c is
y 2x 2 positive, the translation is to the left; if c is
negative, the translation is to the right.
1
y 2x2
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1 5-4 Writing Equations in Slope-
Intercept Form
• The graph of y 2x 2 has a slope of 2
and a y-intercept of 2.
1. When you have the slope and one point, you can
y-intercept of 2.
1 1
substitute these values in for x, y, and m to find b.
• The graph of y 2x 2 has a slope of 2 and a When you are given two points, you must first
y-intercept of 2. find the slope and then use the first procedure.
These graphs have the same intercept and different 2. Sample answer: y 2x 3
slopes. This family of graphs can be described as 3. Sometimes; if the x- and y-intercepts are both
linear graphs with a y-intercept of 2. zero, you cannot write the equation of the graph.
6. Enter the equations in the Y list and graph. 4. Step 1: The line has slope 2. To find the
y-intercept, replace m with 2 and (x, y)
y 3x 6 with (4, 2) in the slope-intercept form.
y 3x Then solve for b.
y mx b
2 2(4) b
y 3x 7 2 8 b
2 8 8 b 8
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
10 b
• The graph of y 3x has a slope of 3 and a Step 2: Write the slope-intercept form using
y-intercept of 0. m 2 and b 10.
• The graph of y 3x 6 has a slope of 3 and a y mx b
y-intercept of 6. y 2x (10)
• The graph of y 3x 7 has a slope of 3 and a y 2x 10
y-intercept of 7. Therefore, the equation is y 2x 10.
Notice that the graph of y 3x 6 is the same as
the graph of y 3x, moved 6 units up. Also, the
graph of y 3x 7 is the same as the graph of
y 3x, moved 7 units down. All graphs have the
same slope and different intercepts.
Chapter 5 212
5. Step 1: The line has slope 3. To find the 8. Step 1: Find the slope of the line containing the
y-intercept, replace m with 3 and (x, y) points.
with (3, 7) in the slope-intercept form. Let (x1, y1) (6, 0) and (x2, y2) (0, 4).
Then solve for b. y2 y1
mx x1
y mx b 2
4 0
7 3(3) b m 0 6
7 9 b 4
7 9 9 b 9 m 6
16 b m 3
2
Step 2: Write the slope-intercept form using Step 2: You know the slope and two points. The
m 3 and b 16. point (0, 4) lies on the y-axis. Thus, the
y mx b y-intercept is 4.
y 3x 16 Step 3: Write the slope-intercept form using
2
Therefore, the equation is y 3x 16. m 3 and b 4.
6. Step 1: The line has slope 1. To find the y mx b
y-intercept, replace m with 1 and (x, y) 2
y 3x 4
with (3, 5) in the slope-intercept form.
2
Then solve for b. Therefore, the equation is y 3x 4.
y mx b 9. Step 1: Find the slope of the line containing the
5 1(3) b points.
53b
533b3 Let (x1, y1) (5, 2) and (x2, y2) (7, 4).
y2 y1
2b mx
2
x1
Step 2: Write the slope-intercept form using 4 2
m
m 1 and b 2. 7 5
6
y mx b m 12
y 1x 2 1
m
y x 2 2
Therefore, the equation is y x 2. Step 2: You know the slope and two points.
Choose one point and find the
7. Step 1: Find the slope of the line containing the
y-intercept. In this case, we choose (5, 2).
points.
y mx b
Let (x1, y1) (5, 1) and (x2, y2) (8, 2).
1
y2 y1 2 2 (5) b
mx x1
2 5
2 1 22b
m 8 5 5 5 5
3 222b2
m 3 1
2 b
m 1
Step 2: You know the slope and two points. Step 3: Write the slope-intercept form using
Choose one point and find the 1 1
m 2 and b 2.
y-intercept. In this case, we choose (5, 1).
y mx b
1 12
y mx b 1
1 1(5) b y 2x 2
1 5 b 1
y 2x 2
1
1 5 5 b 5
1 1
6b Therefore, the equation is y 2x 2.
Step 3: Write the slope-intercept form using
m 1 and b 6.
y mx b
y 1x 6
y x 6
Therefore, the equation is y x 6.
213 Chapter 5
10. A; Read the Test Item 14. Find the y-intercept.
The table represents the ordered pairs y mx b
(5, 2) and (0, 7). 4 5(5) b
Solve the Test Item 4 25 b
Step 1: Find the slope of the line containing the 4 25 25 b 25
points. 29 b
Let (x1, y1) (5, 2) and (x2, y2) (0, 7). Write the slope-intercept form.
y2 y1 y mx b
mx
2
x1 y 5x 29
7 2 15. Find the y-intercept.
m 0 (5)
5
y mx b
m5 0 2(3) b
m1 0 6 b
Step 2: You know the slope and two points. The 0 6 6 b 6
point (0, 7) lies on the y-axis. Thus, the 6b
y-intercept is 7. Write the slope-intercept form.
Step 3: Write the slope-intercept form using y mx b
m 1 and b 7. y 2x 6
y mx b 16. Find the y-intercept.
y 1x 7 y mx b
yx7 1
3 2 (5) b
Therefore, the equation is y x 7. 5
32b
5 5 5
322b2
b
11. Find the y-intercept. 2
y mx b Write the slope-intercept form.

2 3(1) b y mx b
23b 1
y 2x 2
1
233b3
1 b 17. Find the y-intercept.
Write the slope-intercept form. y mx b
2
y mx b 1 3 (3) b
y 3x (1) 1 2 b
y 3x 1 1 2 2 b 2
12. Find the y-intercept. 3 b
1 1(4) b y mx b
1 4 b 2
y 3x (3)
1 4 4 b 4
2
3b y 3x 3
Write the slope-intercept form. 18. Find the y-intercept.
y mx b y mx b
y 1x 3 5
y x 3 5 3 (3) b
13. Find the y-intercept. 5 5 b
y mx b 5 5 5 b 5
2 3(5) b 10 b
2 15 b Write the slope-intercept form.
2 15 15 b 15 y mx b
17 b 5
y 3x (10)
Write the slope-intercept form. 5
y 3x 10
y mx b
y 3x (17)
y 3x 17
Chapter 5 214
19. Find the slope. Write the slope-intercept form.
y2 y1
mx y mx b
x1
2 y 2x (8)
2 1
m 5 4
y 2x 8
m
1 23. Find the slope.
1 y2 y1
m1 mx x1
2
Find the y-intercept. 3 3
m 2 (1)
y mx b 6
1 1(4) b m 3
14b m 2
144b4 Find the y-intercept.
3 b y mx b
Write the slope-intercept form. 3 2(1) b
y mx b 32b
y 1x (3) 322b2
yx3 1b
20. Find the slope. Write the slope-intercept form.
y2 y1
mx y mx b
x1
2 y 2x 1
0 2
m20 24. Find the slope.
2 y2 y1
m mx
2
2
x1
m 1 2 (2)
m 3 2
From the graph, we see that the y-intercept is 2.
4
Write the slope-intercept form. m 1
y mx b m4
y 1x 2 Find the y-intercept.
y x 2 y mx b
21. Find the slope. 2 4(3) b
y2 y1 2 12 b
mx x1
2 2 12 12 b 12
4 2
m 10 b
2 4
6 Write the slope-intercept form.
m 6
y mx b
m1 y 4x (10)
Find the y-intercept. y 4x 10
y mx b 25. Find the slope.
2 1(4) b y2 y1
24b mx x1
2
244b4 m
2 (2)
4 7
2 b
0
Write the slope-intercept form. m 11
y mx b m0
y 1x (2) Find the y-intercept.
yx2 y mx b
22. Find the slope. 2 0(7) b
y2 y1
mx 2 0 b
x1
2 2 b
4 (2)
m 6 3 Write the slope-intercept form.
m
6 y mx b
3
y 0x (2)
m2 y 2
Find the y-intercept.
y mx b
4 2(6) b
4 12 b
4 12 12 b 12
8 b
215 Chapter 5
26. Find the slope. Find the y-intercept.
y2 y1
y mx b
1 52
mx x1
2 1
5 5 1 4 4 b
m 3 0 5
0 1 16 b
m 3 5 5 5
m0 1 16 16 b 16
11
The point (0, 5) lies on the y-axis. Thus, the 16
b
y-intercept is 5. 1
Write the slope-intercept form using m 4 and
11
Write the slope-intercept form. b 16.
y mx b y mx b
y 0x 5 1 11
y5 y 4x 16
27. Find the slope. 30. Find the slope of the line containing the points
y2 y1 (3, 0) and (0, 5).
mx x1 y2 y1
2
4 1
mx x1
m 7 1
2
5 0
3 m 0 (3)
m 6 5
1 m
m 2
3
Write the slope-intercept form.
y mx b
y mx b
1
1 2 (1) b 5
y 3x 5
1
1 2
b 31. Find the slope of the line containing the points
1
1

1
b
1 (3, 0) and (0, 4).
2 2 2 y2 y1
1
b mx x1
2 2
4 0
Write the slope-intercept form. m 0 3
y mx b m
4
1 1 3
y 2x 2 4
m 3
28. Find the slope.
y2 y1
mx x1 Write the slope-intercept form.
2
m
6 7 y mx b
0 5 4
1 y 3x 4
m 5
1
32. Find the slope of the line containing the points
m 5 (6, 0) and (0, 3).
y2 y1
The point (0, 6) lies on the y-axis. Thus, the mx x1
y-intercept is 6. 2
3 0
Write the slope-intercept form. m 0 6
y mx b m
3
6
1
y 5x 6 1
m 2
29. Find the slope.
y2 y1
mx x1 Write the slope-intercept form.
2
3 y mx b
1
154 2
4
m 1
1
y 2x 3
4
1
4
m
1
1
m 4
Chapter 5 216
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:04 PM Page 217
33. Find the slope of the line containing the points Write the slope-intercept form.
(2, 0) and (0, 2). W mt b
y2 y1
3
mx x1 W 20t (274.7)
2
3
m
2 0 W 20t 274.7
0 2
3
2 37. W 20t 274.7
m 2
3
m1 W 20 (2005) 274.7
The y-intercept is 2. W 26.05
Write the slope-intercept form. The median age of women who marry for the first
y mx b time in 2005 should be about 26.05 years old.
y 1x (2) 38. Write an equation of the line that passes through
yx2 (1995, 175,000) with slope 2000.
34. Write an equation of the line that passes through Find the y-intercept.
(1970, 23.2) and (1998, 26.7). Find the slope. y mx b
y2 y1 175,000 2000(1995) b
mx x1
2 175,000 3,990,000 b
26.7 23.2
m 175,000 3,990,000 3,990,000 b 3,990,000
1998 1970
3.5 3,815,000 b
m 28 Write the slope-intercept form.
1
m 8 y mx b
Find the intercept. y 2000x (3,815,000)
y 2000x 3,815,000
M mt b
1 39. y 2000x 3,815,000
23.2 8 (1970) b y 2000(2010) 3,815,000
23.2 246.25 b y 205,000
23.2 246.25 246.25 b 246.25 The population of Orlando, Florida, in 2010
223.05 b should be 205,000.
Write the slope-intercept form. 40. Write an equation of the line that passes through
M mt b (3, 45) with slope 10.
1 Find the intercept.
M 8t (223.05)
1 C mh b
M 8t 223.05
45 10(3) b
1
35. M 8t 223.05 45 30 b
1 45 30 30 b 30
M 8 (2005) 223.05 15 b
M 27.575 Write the slope-intercept form.
The median age of men who marry for the first C mh b
time in 2005 should be about 27.6 years old. C 10h 15
36. Write an equation of the line that passes through 41. Find the slope.
(1970, 20.8) and (1998, 25). y2 y1
mx x1
Find the slope. 2
y2 y1 4 2
mx m 7 14
2
x1
6
25 20.8 m
m 1998 1970 21
2
4.2 m
m 28
7
3 Find the y-intercept.

m 20 y mx b
Find the intercept. 2
2 7 (14) b
W mt b
3 24b
20.8 20 (1970) b 244b4
20.8 295.5 b 2 b
20.8 295.5 295.5 b 295.5 Write the slope intercept form.
274.7 b
y mx b
2
y 7 x (2)
2
y 7x 2
217 Chapter 5
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:04 PM Page 218
42. The slope-intercept form of the line is Page 285 Maintain Your Skills
y
2
x 2. 48. The y-intercept is 2. So, graph (0, 2). The slope
7 3
2 is 1. From (0, 2), move up 3 units and right
The slope is 7. 1 unit. Draw a dot. Draw a line connecting the
43. To find the x-intercept, let y 0. points.
22 282
y 13x 13
y
22 282
0 13x 13
22 22 282 22
0 13x 13x 13x y 3x 2
13
22 282
13x 13 O x
13
1
22
22 13x 2 13
1282
22 13 2
141
x 11
The slope-intercept form of the line is
22 282 49. Solve for y.
y 13 x 13 .
xy6
282
The y-intercept is 13 . xyx6x
Therefore, line intersects the x-axis at 1141 , 02
y x 6
1 2.
11
282 The y-intercept is 6. So, graph (0, 6). The slope is
and the y-axis at 0, 13 1
1
. From (0, 6), move down 1 unit and right
44. Find the slope of the line containing the points
1 unit. Draw a dot. Draw a line connecting the
( p, 0) and (0, q).
y2 y1
points.
mx x1 y
2
q 0
m0p
q xy6
m p
q
m p
The y-intercept is q.
Write the slope-intercept form. O x
y mx b
q
y p x q, where p 0. 50. Solve for y.
45. Answers should include the following. x 2y 8
• Linear extrapolation is when you use a linear x 2y x 8 x
equation to predict values that are outside of 2y x 8
the given points on the graph. 2y

x 8
2 2
• You can use the slope-intercept form of the 2y x 8
equation to find the y value for any requested 2
2
2
x value. y
1
2x
4
46. B; Find the y-intercept. The y-intercept is 4. So, graph (0, 4). The slope is
y mx b 1
. From (0, 4), move down 1 unit and right
1 2
1 3 (2) b 2 units. Draw a dot. Draw a line connecting the
2 points.
1 3 b
2 2 2 y
1 3 3 b 3
5
3
b x 2y 8
y mx b
1 5 x
y 3x 3
O
47. B; Write an equation of the line that passes
through (0, 560) with slope 20.
y mx b Volume equals rate times number of beats.
y 20x 560 51. 14243 123 123 123 144424443
2.5 r b
The equation is V 2.5b.
Chapter 5 218
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:04 PM Page 219
52. The domain for this relation is {0, 4, 9}. 7. y 5 4(x 2)

53. The domain for this relation is {2, 0, 5}. y 5 4x 8
54. 3 5. y 5 5 4x 8 5
55. You can use a calculator to find an approximation y 4x 13
16
for 3 . y 4x 4x 13 4x
4x y 13
4 4.0 (1)(4x y) (1)13
16
3
5.33333333... 4x y 13
3
Therefore, 4
16 8. y 3 4 (x 1)
1 32
3
.
56. You can use a calculator to find an approximation 4(y 3) 4 4 (x 1)
2
for 3. 4y 12 3(x 1)
3
0.75 4y 12 3x 3
4
4y 12 12 3x 3 12
2
3
0.66666666... 4y 3x 9
3 2 4y 3x 3x 9 3x
Therefore, 7 3.
4 3x 4y 9
57. 4 7 4 (7) 9. y 3 2.5(x 1)
(|7||4|) 2(y 3) 2(2.5)(x 1)
(7 4) 2y 6 5(x 1)
3 2y 6 5x 5
58. 5 12 5 (12) 2y 6 6 5x 5 6
(|12||5|) 2y 5x 11
(12 5) 2y 5x 5x 11 5x
7 5x 2y 11
59. 2 (3) 2 3 (1)(5x 2y) (1)11
5 5x 2y 11
60. 1 4 1 (4) 10. y 6 2(x 2)
(|1| |4|) y 6 2x 4
(1 4) y 6 6 2x 4 6
5 y 2x 10
61. 7 8 7 (8) 11.
2
y 3 3 (x 6)
(|7| |8|) 2
(7 8) y 3 3 x 4
15 2
y 3 3 3 x 4 3
62. 5 (2) 5 2 2
(|5||2|) y 3 x 1
(5 2) 12.
7 1
y 2 2 (x 4)
3 7 1
y 2 2x 2
7 7 1 7
y 2 2 2x 2 2
5-5 Writing Equations in Point-Slope 1 3
y 2x 2
Form
13. Step 1: First find the slope of AD.
y2 y1
mx
x1
1. They are the coordinates of a given point on the 1 3

m 3 112
graph of the equation. 4
m
2. Akira; (2, 6) and (1, 6) are both on the line, so 2
either could be substituted into point-slope form m2
to find a correct equation. Step 2: You can use either point for (x1, y1) in
3. Sample answer: y 2 4(x 1); y 4x 6 the point-slope form. We chose (1, 3).
4. y y1 m(x x1) y y1 m(x x1)
y 3 2(x 1) y 3 2[x (1)]
5. y y1 m(x x1) y 3 2(x 1) or y 1 2(x 3)
y (2) 3[x (1)]
y 2 3(x 1)
6. y y1 m(x x1)
y (2) 0(x 2)
y20
219 Chapter 5
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:04 PM Page 220
14. y 3 2(x 1) 31. y 5 2(x 6)

y 3 2x 2 y 5 2x 12
y 3 3 2x 2 3 y 5 5 2x 12 5
y 2x 5 y 2x 7
y 2x 2x 5 2x y 2x 2x 7 2x
2x y 5 2x y 7
1(2x y) 1(5) 32. y 3 5(x 1)
2x y 5 y 3 5x 5
y 3 3 5x 5 3
Pages 289–291 Practice and Apply y 5x 8
y 5x 5x 8 5x
15. y y1 m(x x1)
5x y 8
y 8 2(x 3) 1
33. y 7 2 (x 2)
112 2 (x 2)
16. y y1 m(x x1) 17. y y1 m(x x1)
y (3) 1[x (4)] y 4 3[x (2)] 2(y 7) 2
y3x4 y 4 3(x 2)
2y 14 x 2
18. y y1 m(x x1) 19. y y1 m(x x1) 2y 14 14 x 2 14
y 1 4[x (6)] y 6 0[x (3)] 2y x 12
y 1 4(x 6) y60 2y x x 12 x
20. y y m(x x ) 21. y y m(x x ) x 2y 12
1 1 1 1
2 3 (1)(x 2y) (1) (12)
y 1 3 (x 9) y (3) 4 (x 8)
x 2y 12
3
y 3 4 (x 8) 34.
5
y 1 6 (x 4)
22. y y m(x x )
1
2
1
23. y y1 m(x x1 )
5
6(y 1) 6 156 2 (x 4)
y 3 3 [x (6) ] y (3) 8 (x 1) 6y 6 5(x 4)
y3
2
3 (x 6) y3
5
8 (x 1) 6y 6 5x 20
6y 6 6 5x 20 6
24. y y1 m(x x1)
6y 5x 14
y (5) 0(x 9) 6y 5x 5x 14 5x
y50 5x 6y 14
25. y y m(x x ) 26. y y1 m(x x1 ) (1)(5x 6y) (1) (14)
1 1
y8
7
[x (4) ]
8
y (4) 3 (x 1) 5x 6y 14
2
2
y 2 5 (x 8)
1 22
y8
7
(x 4)
8
y 4 3 (x 1) 35.
2
27. The slope of a horizontal line is zero. 5(y 2) 5 5 (x 8)
y y1 m(x x1) 5y 10 2(x 8)
y (9) 0(x 5) 5y 10 2x 16
y90 5y 10 10 2x 16 10
28. The slope of a horizontal line is zero. 5y 2x 26
5y 2x 2x 26 2x
y y1 m(x x1)
2x 5y 26
y 7 0(x 0) 1
y70 36. y 4 3 (x 12)
29. y 13 4(x 2) 1 12
3(y 4) 3 3 (x 12)
y 13 4x 8
3y 12 1(x 12)
y 13 13 4x 8 13
3y 12 x 12
y 4x 5
3y 12 12 x 12 12
y 4x 4x 5 4x
3y x
4x y 5
3y x x x
(1)(4x y) (1)5
x 3y 0
4x y 5 5
37. y 2 3 (x 6)
153 2 (x 6)
30. y 3 3(x 5)
y 3 3x 15 3(y 2) 3
y 3 3 3x 15 3
3y 6 5(x 6)
y 3x 12
3y 6 5x 30
y 3x 3x 12 3x
3y 6 6 5x 30 6
3x y 12
3y 5x 24
(1)(3x y) (1)12
3y 5x 5x 24 5x
3x y 12
5x 3y 24
(1)(5x 3y) (1)24
5x 3y 24
Chapter 5 220
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:04 PM Page 221
y 5 5 1x 152
3 2
38. y 6 2 (x 4) 48.
2(y 6) 2 132 2 (x 4) y 5 5 x 6
2
2y 12 3(x 4) y 5 5 5 x 6 5
2
2y 12 3x 12 2
2y 12 12 3x 12 12 y 5 x 1
2y 3x 24 49. y2x2
1 1
2y 3x 3x 24 3x 1 1 1 1
3x 2y 24 y22x22
(1)(3x 2y) (1)(24) yx1
3x 2y 24 50.
1
y 3 2 x 3 1 1
2
39. y 6 1.3(x 7) 1 2
10(y 6) 10(1.3)(x 7) y 3
2x 3
10y 60 13(x 7) y
1

1

2
2x 3
1
3 3 3
10y 60 13x 91 1
10y 60 60 13x 91 60 y 2x 3
10y 13x 151
10y 13x 13x 151 13x
51. y4
1
1 1
3 x 2 2
1 3
13x 10y 151 y 4
3x 2
(1)(13x 10y) (1)151 1 1 3 1
y 3x 2
13x 10y 151 4 4 4
7
y 2 2.5(x 1) y 3x 4
1 2
40.
2(y 2) 2(2.5)(x 1) 52. y5
3 1
4 x 2
2y 4 5(x 1)
3
2y 4 5x 5 y 5
4x 2
2y 4 4 5x 5 4 3 3 3
y 4x 2 5
2y 5x 9 5 5
7
2y 5x 5x 9 5x y 4x 5
5x 2y 9
53. Point-slope form:
41. y 2 3(x 1) 42. y 5 6(x 1)
y y1 m(x x1)
y 2 3x 3 y 5 6x 6
y (3) 10(x 5)
y 2 2 3x 3 2 y 5 5 6x 6 5
y 3 10(x 5)
y 3x 1 y 6x 11
Slope-intercept form:
43. y 2 2(x 5)
y 2 2x 10 y 3 10(x 5)
y 2 2 2x 10 2 y 3 10x 50
y 2x 8 y 3 3 10x 50 3
y 10x 53
44. y 1 7(x 3)
y 1 7x 21 Standard form:
y 1 1 7x 21 1 y 10x 53
y 7x 22 y 10x 10x 53 10x
1 10x y 53
45. y 3 2 (x 4)
(1)(10x y) (1)(53)
1
y 3 2x 2 10x y 53
1 54. Point-slope form: Slope-intercept form:
y 3 3 2x 2 3 3
1
y y1 m(x x1 ) y 6 2 (x 1)
y 2x 1 3 3 3
y (6) 2 (x 1) y 6 2x 2
2
46. y 1 3 (x 9) 3 3 3
y 6 2 (x 1) y 6 6 2x 2 6
2
y1 x6 3 15
3
y 2x 2
2
y11 x61
3 Standard form:
2
y x7 y 2x
3 15
13 2
3 2
4 1x 22
1
47. y3 2(y) 2 2 x
15
2
1 1
y3 4 x 2 2y 3x 15
1 1 2y 3x 3x 15 3x
y33 4 x 2 3
3x 2y 15
1 7
y 4 x 2 (1)(3x 2y) (1) (15)
3x 2y 15
221 Chapter 5
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:04 PM Page 222
55. The rate of change is $5 per week, so m 5. Method 1 or Method 2

Write the point-slope form using m 5 and y y1 m(x x1 ) y y1 m(x x1 )
(x1, y1) (12, 210).
y (3) 2[x (1) ] y 1 2[x (3) ]
y y1 m(x x1) y 3 2(x 1) y 1 2(x 3)
y 210 5(x 12) 1
62. RQ: y 3 2 (x 1)
56. y 210 5(x 12)
1 1
y 210 5x 60 y 3 2x 2
y 210 210 5x 60 210 1 1
y 3 3 2x 2 3
y 5x 150
1 5
57. The flat fee is the y-intercept of the equation. The y 2x 2
y-intercept of y 5x 150 is 150. Therefore, the QP: y 1 2(x 3)
flat fee for installation is $150.
y 1 2x 6
58. The rate of change is 1500 each year, so y 1 1 2x 6 1
m 1500. Write the point-slope form using y 2x 5
m 1500 and (x1, y1) (1996, 29,690). 1
PS: y 3 2 (x 1)
y y1 m(x x1)
1 1
y 29,690 1500(x 1996) y 3 2x 2
59. y 29,690 1500(x 1996) 1
y 3 3 2x 2 3
1
y 29,690 1500x 2,994,000 1 5

y 29,690 29,690 1500x 2,994,000 29,690 y 2x 2
y 1500x 2,964,310 RS: y 3 2(x 1)
60. y 1500x 2,964,310 y 3 2x 2
y 1500(2005) 2,964,310 y 3 3 2x 2 3
y 43,190 y 2x 5
1 5
The number of movie screens in the United States 63. RQ: y 2x 2
11 2
should be 43,190 in 2005. 5
2(y) 2 2 x 2
61. RQ: First, find the slope.
y2 y1 2y x 5
mx x1 2y x x 5 x
2
m
1 (3)
or 2
1 x 2y 5
3 (1)
x 2y 5
Method 1 or Method 2
QP: y 2x 5
y y1 m(x x1 ) y y1 m(x x1 ) y 2x 2x 5 2x
1 1
y (3) 2 [x (1) ] y (1) 2 (x 3) 2x y 5
1 5
1
y 3 2 (x 1)
1
y 1 2 (x 3) PS: y 2x 2
QP: First, find the slope. 11
2(y) 2 2 x 2
5
2
y2 y1
mx x1
2y x 5
2
3 (1) 2y x x 5 x
m 1 3
or 2 x 2y 5
Method 1 or Method 2 x 2y 5
y y1 m(x x1 ) y y1 m(x x1 ) RS: y 2x 5
y (1) 2(x 3) y 3 2(x 1) y 2x 2x 5 2x
y 1 2(x 3) 2x y 5
PS: First, find the slope. 64. Sample answer: The point-slope form of the
y2 y1
equation is y 1 (x 9). Let x 10 and y 0.
mx x1
The equation becomes 0 1 (10 9) or
2
1 3 1
1 1. Since the equation holds true, (10, 0) is a
m 3 1
or 2 point on the line passing through (9, 1) and (5, 5).
Method 1 or Method 2 65. Answers should include the following.
y y1 m(x x1 ) y y1 m(x x1 ) • Write the definition of the slope using (x, y) as
1
y 3 2 (x 1)
1
y 1 2 [x (3) ] one point and (x1, y1) as the other. Then solve
the equation so that the ys are on one side and
1
y 1 2 (x 3) the slope and xs are on the other.
RS: First, find the slope.
y2 y1
mx x1
2
1 (3)
m 3 (1)
or 2
Chapter 5 222
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:04 PM Page 223
66. D; x 3y 15 Page 291 Maintain Your Skills

x 3y x 15 x 72. y mx b
3y x 15 y 2x (5)
3y x 15
y 2x 5
3 3
1 73. Find the y-intercept.
y 3x 5
y mx b
1
Therefore, m 3 and the line passes through (0, 5). 4 3(2) b
67. Write the point-slope form. Then solve for y. 4 6 b
4 6 6 b 6
y y1 m(x x1)
10 b
y (5) m(x 2)
y 5 m(x 2) Write the slope-intercept form.
y 5 mx 2m y mx b
y 5 5 mx 2m 5 y 3x 10
y mx 2m 5 74. Find the slope.
y2 y1
68. (1, 3) and (0, 1): mx
2
x1
First, find the slope. 6 (4)
y2 y1 m 0 2
mx x1 10
2
1 3
m 2
m0 or 2
(1) m 5
Write the point-slope form. Then solve for y. The point (0, 6) lies on the y-axis. The y-intercept
y y1 m(x x1) is 6.
y 1 2(x 0) Write the slope-intercept form.
y 1 2x
y mx b
y 1 1 2x 1
y 5x 6
y 2x 1
75. The line has slope 0. Find the y-intercept.
(0, 1) and (1, 1):
y mx b
First, find the slope.
y2 y1 1 0(1) b
mx x1 1 0 b
2
1 1 1 b
m 1 0
or 2
Write the point-slope form. Then solve for y. y mx b
y y1 m(x x1) y 0x (1)
y 1 2(x 0) y 1
y 1 2x 76. 4a 5 15 77. 7 3c 11
y 1 1 2x 1 4a 5 5 15 5 7 3c 7 11 7
y 2x 1 4a 20 3c 18
(1, 1) and (2, 3): 4a 20 3c 18
4
4 3
3
First, find the slope. a5 c 6
y2 y1
mx x1 78.
2
v 6 14
2 9
3 (1) 2
m 2 1
or 2 9
v 6 6 14 6
Write the point-slope form. Then solve for y. 2
v 20
1 2 92 (20)
9
y y1 m(x x1) 9 2
v
y (1) 2(x 1) 2 9
y 1 2(x 1) v 90
y 1 2x 2 79. (25 4) (22 13) 21 (4 1)
y 1 1 2x 2 1 21 3
y 2x 1 7
69. All of the equations are the same. 80.
2 # 1
1
1 2
70. The equation will be y 2x 1; see students’ 1
work. The reciprocal of 2 is 2.
10 1
71. Regardless of which two points on a line you 81. 1
10 1
select, the slope-intercept form of the equation 1
The reciprocal of 10 is .
will always be the same. 10
82. 1 1 1
The reciprocal of 1 is 1.
223 Chapter 5
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:04 PM Page 224
1
83.
1
1 1 5. The line parallel to y x 5 has the same slope,
1
1 1. Replace m with 1, and (x1, y1) with (2, 3) in the
The reciprocal of 1 is 1
or 1. point-slope form.
2 3
84. 3
2
1 y y1 m(x x1 )
The reciprocal of
2 3
is 2. y 3 1(x 2)
1 92
3 y3x2
1
85. 9 1 1 y33x23
1 yx1
The reciprocal of 9 is 9.
5 2 6. The line parallel to y 2x 1 has the same
86. 2
51 slope, 2. Replace m with 2, and (x1, y1) with
The reciprocal of
5 2
is 5. (1, 3) in the point-slope form.
1 32
2
2 y y1 m(x x1 )
87. 3 2 1
y (3) 2(x 1)
2 3
The reciprocal of 3 is 2. y 3 2x 2
y 3 3 2x 2 3
y 2x 5
5-6 Geometry: Parallel and 7. Write the given equation in slope-intercept form.
Perpendicular Lines 3x y 4
3x y 3x 4 3x
Page 293 Algebra Activity y 3x 4
1. Sample answer: B is 3 units right of the origin The line parallel to y 3x 4 has the same
and 6 units up. Therefore, B (3, 6). slope, 3. Replace m with 3, and (x1, y1) with
2. Sample answer: Find the slope of the line (2, 2) in the point-slope form.
containing (0, 0) and (3, 6). y y1 m(x x1 )
y2 y1
mx y 2 3[x (2) ]
x1
2 y 2 3(x 2)
6 0
m 3 0 or 2 y 2 3x 6
y 2 2 3x 6 2
3. Sample answer: B is 6 units left of the origin and y 3x 8
3 units up. Therefore, B (6, 3).
8. Find the slope of each segment.
4. Sample answer: Find the slope of the line 7 1 6
containing (0, 0) and (6, 3). Slope of AC: m 5 (2)
or 7
y2 y1 5 3 2
mx Slope of BD: m 0 3
or 3
2
x1
123 2 1.
3 0 1 The line segments are not perpendicular because
m 6 0
or 2 6
5. See students’ work. 7
1 1
6. They are perpendicular. 9. Step 1: The slope of y 3x 2 is 3.
1
7. The x- and y-coordinates are reversed, and the Step 2: The slope of the given line is 3. So, the
x-coordinate is multiplied by 1. slope of the line perpendicular to this
1
8. They are opposite reciprocals. line is the opposite reciprocal to 3 or 3.
9. Their product is 1. Step 3: Use the point-slope form to find the
equation.
y y m(x x )
1 1
Pages 295–296 Check for Understanding y 1 3[ x (3) ]
1. The slope is
3
,
3
so find the opposite reciprocal of 2, y 1 3(x 3)
2
2 y 1 3x 9
which is 3.
y 1 1 3x 9 1
1
2. Sample answer: 2, 2 y 3x 8
3. Parallel lines lie in the same plane and never
intersect. Perpendicular lines intersect at right
angles.
4. The line parallel to y 2x 4 has the same
slope, 2. The point (0, 1) lies on the y-axis, so
the y-intercept is 1. Replace m with 2, and b
with 1 in the slope-intercept form.
y mx b
y 2x (1)
y 2x 1
Chapter 5 224
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:04 PM Page 225
10. Step 1:
3 3
The slope of y 5x 4 is 5. 15. The line parallel to y x 6 has the same
3 slope, 1.
Step 2: The slope of the given line is So, the
5
.
slope of the line perpendicular to this y y1 m(x x1 )
3 5
line is the opposite reciprocal of 5 or 3. y 2 1[x (3) ]
y2x3
Step 3: Use the point-slope form to find the
y22x32
equation.
yx5
y y m(x x )
1 1 16. The line parallel to y 2x 1 has the same
5
y (2) 3 (x 6) slope, 2.
5
y 2 3 (x 6) y y1 m(x x1 )
5 y (1) 2(x 4)
y 2 3x 10 y 1 2x 8
5
y 2 2 3x 10 2 y 1 1 2x 8 1
y 2x 9
5
y 3x 8 1
11. Step 1: Find the slope of the given line. 1
slope, 2.
2x y 5
y y1 m(x x1 )
2x y 2x 5 2x
1
y 2x 5 y (4) 2 [ x (5) ]
Step 2: The slope of the given line is 2. So, the 1
y 4 2 (x 5)
slope of the line perpendicular to this 1 5
1
line is the opposite reciprocal of 2 or 2. y 4 2x 2
1 5
Step 3: Use the point-slope form to find the y 4 4 2x 2 4
equation. 1 3
y 2x 2
y y1 m(x x1 )
2
1 18. The line parallel to y 3x 1 has the same
y (2) 2 (x 2) 2
slope, 3.
1
y 2 2x 1
y y1 m(x x1 )
1
y 2 2 2x 1 2 2
y 3 3 (x 3)
1
y 2x 3 2
y 3 3x 2
12. The slope of the given line is 3. So, the slope of 2
y 3 3 3x 2 3
the line perpendicular to this line is the opposite
1 2
reciprocal of 3 or 3. Use the point-slope form to y 3x 1
find the equation. 1
y y1 m(x x1 ) 1
slope, 3.
1
y 5 3 (x 3)
y y1 m(x x1 )
1
y 5 3x 1 1
y (3) 3 [ x (4) ]
1
y 5 5 3x 1 5 1
y 3 3 (x 4)
1
y 3x 6 1
y 3 3x 3
4
1 4
y 3 3 3x 3 3
Pages 296–297 Practice and Apply 1 13
y 3x
13. The line parallel to y x 2 has the same 3
1
slope, 1. 20. The line parallel to y 2x 4 has the same
1
y y1 m(x x1 ) slope, 2 .
y (7) 1(x 2) y y1 m(x x1 )
y7x2 1
y77x27 y 2 2 [ x (1) ]
yx9 1
y 2 2 (x 1)
14. The line parallel to y 2x 2 has the same 1 1
y 2 2x 2
slope, 2.
1 1
y y1 m(x x1 ) y 2 2 2x 2 2
y (1) 2(x 2) 1
y 2 x 2
3
y 1 2x 4
y 1 1 2x 4 1
y 2x 5
225 Chapter 5
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:04 PM Page 226
21. Write the given equation in slope-intercept form. .25. The lines for x 3 and x 1 are parallel
2y x 1 because all vertical lines are parallel. The lines
2 2
2y x 1 for y 3x 2 and y 3x 3 are parallel because
2
2 they have the same slope. Thus, both pairs of
1 1
y 2
x 2 opposite sides are parallel, and the figure is a
1 1 parallelogram.
The line parallel to y 2x 2 has the same
1 26. The line parallel to y 5x 3 has the same
slope, 2.
slope, 5. Since the line passes through the origin,
y y1 m(x x1 ) the y-intercept is 0. Use the slope-intercept form.
1
y 0 2 [x (3) ] y mx b
1 y 5x 0
y 2 (x 3)
y 5x
1 3
y 2x 2 27. Write the given equation in slope-intercept form.
22. Write the given equation in slope-intercept form. x 3y 8
3y 2x 6 x 3y x 8 x
3y 2x 6 3y x 8
3
3 3y x 8
3
3
2
y 3x 2 1 8
y 3
x3
2
The line parallel to y 3x 2 has the same 1 8
2 The line parallel to y 3x 3 has the same
slope, 3. 1
slope, 3. The y-intercept is 6. Use the slope-
y y m(x x )
1 1 intercept form.
2
y 2 3 (x 2) y mx b
2 4
y 2 3x 3 1
y 3x (6)
2 4
y 2 2 3x 3 2 1
y 3x 6
2 10
y 3x 3
28. The slope of the given line is 1. So, the slope of
23. Write the given equation in slope-intercept form.
reciprocal of 1, or 1. Use the point-slope form.
6x y 4
y y m(x x )
6x y 6x 4 6x 1 1
y 6x 4 y 0 1[x (2) ]
The line parallel to y 6x 4 has the same y (x 2)
y x 2
slope, 6.
y y1 m(x x1 )
y 3 6[ x (2) ] 1
reciprocal of 4, or 4. Use the point-slope form.
y 3 6(x 2)
y 3 6x 12 y y1 m(x x1 )
y 3 3 6x 12 3 1
y 1 4 (x 1)
y 6x 9 1 1
y 1 4x 4
24. Write the given equation in slope-intercept form.
1 1
3x 4y 4 y 1 1 4x 4 1
3x 4y 3x 4 3x 1
y 4x 4
5
4y 3x 4
4y 3x 4 30. The slope of the given line is 3. So, the slope of
4
4 the line perpendicular to this line is the opposite
1
y
3
x1 reciprocal of 3, or 3. Use the point-slope form.
4
3
The line parallel to y 4x 1 has the same y y1 m(x x1 )
3 1
slope, 4. y 1 3 [x (3) ]
y y1 m(x x1 ) 1
y 1 3 (x 3)
3
y 2 4 (x 2) 1
y 1 3x 1
3 3
y 2 4x 2 1
y 1 1 3x 1 1
3 3
y22 4
x 2
2 1
y 3x 2
3 1
y 4
x 2
Chapter 5 226
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:04 PM Page 227
31. The slope of the given line is 8. So, the slope of 36. Find the slope of the given line.
the line perpendicular to this line is the opposite 3y x 3
1
reciprocal of 8, or 8. Use the point-slope form. 3y x x 3 x
y y1 m(x x1 ) 3y x 3
3y x 3
1
y 5 8 (x 0) 3
3
1
y 5 8x
1 y 3x 1
1
y 5 5 8x 5 The slope of the line perpendicular to this line is
1
the opposite reciprocal of 3, or 3. Use the point-
1
y 8x 5 slope form.
1
32. The slope of the given line is 2. So, the slope of y y1 m(x x1 )
the line perpendicular to this line is the opposite y (1) 3(x 6)
1
reciprocal of 2, or 2. Use the point-slope form. y 1 3x 18
y y1 m(x x1 ) y 1 1 3x 18 1
y (3) 2(x 1) y 3x 19
y 3 2x 2 37. Find the slope of the given line.
y 3 3 2x 2 3 5x y 3
y 2x 1 5x y 5x 3 5x
2
33. The slope of the given line is 3. So, the slope of y 5x 3
the line perpendicular to this line is the opposite (1)(y) (1) (5x 3)
2 3
reciprocal of 3, or 2. Use the point-slope form. y 5x 3
y y1 m(x x1 ) The slope of the line perpendicular to this line is
1
3 the opposite reciprocal of 5, or 5. The point
y 7 2 (x 4) (0, 1) lies on the y-axis. Thus, the y-intercept is
y 7 2x 6
3 1. Use the slope-intercept form.
3 y mx b
y 7 7 2x 6 7 1
3
y 5x (1)
y 2x 13 1
y 5x 1
34. Find the slope of the given line.
3x 8y 4
3x 8y 3x 4 3x 5x 7 3y
8y 3x 4 3y 5x 7
3y 5x 7
8y

3x 4
3
3
8 8
5 7
y
3
8x 2
1 y 3
x 3
The slope of the line perpendicular to this line is The slope of the line perpendicular to this line is
5 3
3 8
the opposite reciprocal of 8, or 3. The point (0, 4) the opposite reciprocal of 3, or 5. Use the point-
lies on the y-axis. Thus, the y-intercept is 4. Use slope form.
the slope-intercept form. y y m(x x )
1 1
y mx b 3
y (2) 5 (x 8)
8
y x 4 3 24
3 y 2 5x 5
35. Find the slope of the given line. 3 24
y 2 2 5x 2
2x 5y 3 5
3 14
2x 5y 2x 3 2x y 5x 5
5y 2x 3
5y 2x 3
5
5 3x 7 2x
2 3 3x 7 2x 2x 2x
y x 5
5 x70
The slope of the line perpendicular to this line is x7707
2 5
the opposite reciprocal of 5, or 2. Use the point- x 7
slope form.
This line is vertical. A line perpendicular to a
y y m(x x )
1 1 vertical line is horizontal and has slope 0.
5
y 7 2 [x (2) ] Use the point-slope form.
5 y y m(x x )
y 7 2 (x 2) 1 1
y (3) 0(x 3)
5
y 7 2x 5 y30
5 y3303
y 7 7 2x 5 7
y 3
5
y 2x 2
227 Chapter 5
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:05 PM Page 228
40. Find the slope of the given line. 46. Write each equation in slope-intercept form.
3x 6y 2 y ax 5 2y (a 4)x 1
3x 6y 3x 2 3x 2y

(a 4)x 1
6y 3x 2 2 2
a 4 1
6y 3x 2 y x 2
6
6
2
1 1 The lines are parallel if the slopes are equal.

y 2x 3
a 4
a
1 2
The slope of the line perpendicular to this line is 2
1
the opposite reciprocal of 2, or 2. The y-intercept (2)a
a 4
(2) 2
is 2. Use the slope-intercept form.
2a a 4
y mx b 2a a a 4 a
y 2x (2) a4
y 2x 2
47. If two equations have the same slope, then the
41. Find the slope of the line through (9, 10) and lines are parallel. Answers should include the
(3, 2). following.
2 10
m 3 9
or 2 • Sample answer: y 5x 1; The graphs
Use the point-slope form to write its equation. have the same slope.
1
y 10 2(x 9) or y 2x 8 • Sample answer: y 5x; The slopes are
To find the x-intercept, let y 0. negative reciprocals of each other.
0 2x 8 48. D; Write the given equation in slope-intercept
0 8 2x 8 8 form.
8 2x 3x 4y 24
8 2x 3x 4y 3x 24 3x

2 2 4y 3x 24
4x 4y 3x 24

The line perpendicular to y 2x 8 and passing 4 4
3
1
through its x-intercept has slope 2 and passes y 4x 6
through (4, 0). Use the point-slope form. The slope of the line perpendicular to this line is
3 4
1
y 0 2 (x 4) or y 2x 2
1
the opposite reciprocal of 4 or 3.
42. Write each equation in slope-intercept form. 49. C; The y-intercept of y 3x 4 is 4. The
y 2x 11 y 2x 23 y-intercept of y 3x 2 is 2. The slope of both
y 2x 2x 23 2x lines is 3. Therefore, to graph y 3x 2 change
y 2x 23 the y-intercept from 4 to 2.
The slopes are both 2, so the two graphs are
parallel.
43. Write each equation in slope-intercept form. Page 297 Maintain Your Skills
50. y y1 m(x x1 )
3y 2x 14 2x 3y 2
3y 2x 14 y 5 2(x 3)
2x 3y 2x 2 2x
3 3
51. y y1 m(x x1 )
2 14
y 3x 3
3y 2x 2 y 7 5[x (4) ]
3y 2x 2 y 7 5(x 4)
3
3
2 2 52. y y1 m(x x1 )
y 3
x 3
1
2 y (3) 2 [x (1) ]
The slopes are both so the two graphs are
3
,
1
parallel. y 3 2 (x 1)
44. The slope of y 5x is 5. The slope of
y 5x 18 is 5. The slopes are not the same,
and 5(5) 1. Therefore, the two graphs are
neither parallel nor perpendicular.
45. Find the slope of each segment.
3 (3)
Slope of AC : m 1 (1)
or 3
1 1 1
Slope of BD : m 3 (3)
or 3
The diagonals AC and BD are perpendicular
1
because 3 (3) 1.
Chapter 5 228
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:05 PM Page 229
53. Write an equation of the line that passes through 58. Find the slope of the line.
(10, 3.19) and (15, 4.29). 1 5
m 8 5 or 2
Find the slope. Find the y-intercept.
4.29 3.19
m 15 10 y mx b
m
1.1 5 2(5) b
5
5 10 b
m 0.22 5 10 10 b 10
Find the y-intercept. 15 b
3.19 0.22(10) b y mx b
3.19 2.2 b y 2x 15
3.19 2.2 2.2 b 2.2
59. Find the slope of the line.
0.99 b 9 9
Write the slope-intercept form. m 4 6 or 0
y mx b Find the y-intercept.
y 0.22x 0.99 y mx b
Therefore, using m for the number of 9 0(6) b
minutes and C for the total cost, the equation is 9b
C 0.22m 0.99. Write the slope-intercept form.
54. y 0.22x 0.99 y mx b
y 0.22(12) 0.99 y 0x 9
y 3.63 y9
The cost of a 12-minute call is $3.63. 60. Find the slope of the line.
2 4 3
55. Find the slope of the line. m2 (6)
or 4
3 (1) 1
m 3 5
or 2 Find the y-intercept.
Find the y-intercept. y mx b
3
y mx b 4 4 (6) b
1
1 2 (5) b 42b
9
5
1 2 b 9
422b2
9 9
5 5 5
1 2 2 b 2
1
2 b
3
2
b Write the slope-intercept form.
y mx b
1 12
3
y mx b y 4x 2
1 3
y 2x 2 3
y 4x 2
1
56. Find the slope of the line.

0 2 1
m 8 0 or 4
The point (0, 2) lies on the y-axis. The y-intercept
1. Use the slope-intercept form.
is 2.
y mx b
y 4x (3)
y mx b y 4x 3
1
y 4x 2 2. Find the y-intercept.
57. Find the slope of the line. y mx b
4 1 3 2(1) b
m 3 2
or 5
3 2 b
Find the y-intercept. 3 2 2 b 2
y mx b 5 b
1 5(2) b Write the slope-intercept form.
1 10 b y mx b
1 10 10 b 10 y 2x (5)
11 b y 2x 5
y mx b
y 5x 11
229 Chapter 5
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:05 PM Page 230
3. Find the slope. 2a. Sample answer:

3 (2) 5 y
m 1 (1)
or 2
y mx b
5
3 2 (1) b
5
32b
5 5 5 O x
322b2
1
2
b 2b. Sample answer:
Write the slope-intercept form. y
y mx b
5 1
y 2x 2
slope, 2. Use the point-slope form.
y y1 m(x x1 )
O x
y 3 2[x (2) ]
y 3 2(x 2)
y 3 2x 4 2c. Sample answer:
y 3 3 2x 4 3 y
y 2x 7
5. Standard form:
1
y 4 2 (x 3)
2(y 4) 2 112 2 (x 3)
2y 8 1(x 3) O x
2y 8 x 3
2y 8 8 x 3 8 3. Linear extrapolation predicts values outside the
2y x 11 range of the data. Linear interpolation predicts
2y x x 11 x values inside the range of the data.
x 2y 11
4. The graph shows a positive correlation. As the
(1)(x 2y) (1)11
number of hours of study increases, the test score
x 2y 11
increases.
Slope-intercept form:
1
5. The graph shows a negative correlation. As the
y 4 2 (x 3) number of hours of TV increases, the number of
y 4 2x 2
1 3 hours of exercise decreases.
1 3
6. Let the independent variable x be the air
y 4 4 2x 2 4 temperature, and let the dependent variable y be
y 2x
1 11 the body temperature.
2
The scatter plot seems to indicate that as the air
temperature increases, the body temperature
increases. There is a positive correlation between
5-7 Statistics: Scatter Plots the two variables.

and Lines of Fit
Body Temperature (°C)
40
1. See students’ work. 2. See students’ work. 30
20
10
1. If the data points form a linear pattern such that 0
10 20 30 40
y increases as x increases, there is a positive Air Temperature (°C)
correlation. If the linear pattern shows that y
decreases as x increases, there is a negative
correlation.
Chapter 5 230
7. No one line will pass through all of the data 15. Use the equation y 2.15x 4285.45.
points. Draw a line that passes close to the points. y 2.15x 4285.45
35 y 2.15(2002) 4285.45
Body Temperature (˚C)

30 y 18.85
25 The number of bushels of apples in storage in
2002 will be about 18.85 million.
20
16. Find the slope.
15 y2 y1
mx x1
10 2
6000 9600
0 m 5 2
15 20 25 30 35 3600
Air Temperature (˚C) m 3
or 1200
8. The line of fit passes through the data points Use the point-slope form.
(26.2, 25.6) and (31.2, 31.0). y y1 m(x x1 )
Step 1: Find the slope. y 6000 1200(x 5)
y2 y1 y 6000 1200x 6000
mx
2
x1 y 6000 6000 1200x 6000 6000
m
31.0 25.6 y 1200x 12,000
31.2 26.2
5.4 17. Use the equation y 1200x 12,000.
m or 1.08
5 y 1200x 12,000
Step 2: Use m 1.08 and the point-slope form y 1200(7) 12,000
to write the equation. You can use either y 3600
data point. We chose (26.2, 25.6). The price of a 7-year-old car should be about $3600.
y y1 m(x x1 ) 18.
y 25.6 1.08(x 26.2) 120
y 25.6 1.08x 28.296 90
Boiling Point (°C)

60
y 25.6 25.6 1.08x 28.296 25.6
30
y 1.08x 2.696
0
9. Use the equation y 1.08x 2.696, where x is –30
the air temperature and y is the body –60
temperature. –90
y 1.08x 2.696 –120
y 1.08(40.2) 2.696 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
y 40.72 Number of Carbon Atoms
The body temperature would be about 40.1F. 19. Draw a line that passes close to the points.
120
Boiling Point (˚C)
10. The graph shows a negative correlation. As the 60

year increases, the percentage of forms returned 30
decreases. 0
⫺30
11. The graph shows no correlation. ⫺60
12. The graph shows a positive correlation. As the ⫺90
year increases, the number of electronic tax ⫺120
returns increases.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
13. The graph shows a positive correlation. As the
Number of Carbon Atoms
amount of sugar increases, the number of calories
increases. 20. We use the data points (3, 42) and (6, 69).
14. Find the slope. Find the slope.
y2 y1
y2 y1
mx mx x1
2
x1 2
69 (42)
m 1999 1997
12.4 8.1 m 6 3
111
m
4.3
or 2.15 m 3
or 37
2
Use the point-slope form. Use the point-slope form.
y y1 m(x x1 ) y y m(x x )
1 1
y 8.1 2.15(x 1997) y 69 37(x 6)
y 8.1 2.15x 4293.55 y 69 37x 222
y 8.1 8.1 2.15x 4293.55 8.1 y 69 69 37x 222 69
y 2.15x 4285.45 y 37x 153
231 Chapter 5
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:05 PM Page 232
21. Use the equation y 37x 153. 27. Use the equation y 0.5125x 4.5. The year
y 37x 153 2005 is 25 years after 1980.
y 37(1) 153 y 0.5125x 4.5
y 116 y 0.5125(25) 4.5
The boiling point for methane should be y 17.3125
about 116
C. The federal spending on space and other
22. Use the equation y 37x 153. technologies in 2005 will be about $17.3 billion.
y 37x 153 28. Sample answer: The government’s prediction is
y 37(5) 153 $17.3 $14.3 or $3 billion less.
y 32 29. 800
Acres Burned (thousands)

The boiling point for pentane should be
about 32
C. 600
23. Use the equation y 37x 153.

400
y 37x 153
98.4 37x 153 200
98.4 153 37x 153 153
251.4 37x 0
10 20 30
251.4 37x
37
37
Rainfall (in.)
7x 30. Draw a line that passes close to the points.

The number of carbon atoms in heptane should be 800
Acres Burned (thousands)
about 7.
24. The scatter plot seems to indicate that as the year 600
increases, federal spending increases. There is a
positive correlation between the two variables. 400
Spending (billions of dollars)
18
16 200
14
12
0
10 10 20 30
8 Rainfall (in.)
6
4 31. We use the points (12.7, 340) and (17.5, 194). Find
2 the slope.
y2 y1
0 mx
’79 ’80’85’90’95’00 2
x1
Year 194 340
m 17.5 12.7
25. Draw a line that passes close to the points. 146
m
Spending (billions of dollars)
4.8
14 m 30.4
12 Use the point-slope form.
10 y y m(x x )
1 1
8 y 194 30.4(x 17.5)
6
y 194 30.4x 532
y 194 194 30.4x 532 194
4 y 30.4x 726
0 32. Use the equation y 30.4x 726.
‘80 ‘85 ‘90 ‘95 ‘00
Year y 30.4x 726
y 30.4(8.25) 726
26. We use the points (0, 4.5) and (16, 12.7).
y 475.2
Find the slope.
y2 y1
The number of acres burned in 2000 should be
mx x1
about 475 thousand acres.
2
12.7 4.5 33. The data point lies beyond the main grouping of
m 16 0 data points. It can be ignored as an extreme
8.2
m 16
or 0.5125 value.
The y-intercept is 4.5. Use the slope-intercept
form.
y mx b
y 0.5125x 4.5
Chapter 5 232
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:05 PM Page 233
34. 20 48. y y1 m(x x1 )

y (2) 3(x 1)
Incorrect Answers
16 y 2 3(x 1)
12 49. y y1 m(x x1 )
y (3) 1[ x (3) ]
8 y3x3
4
3x 4y 12
3x 4(0) 12
0
4 8 12 16 20 3x 12
Correct Answers x4
35. See students’ work. 36. See students’ work. To find the y-intercept, let x 0.
37. You can visualize a line to determine whether the 3x 4y 12
data has a positive or negative correlation. 3(0) 4y 12
Answers should include the following. 4y 12
y y3
2x 5y 8
Height
2x 5(0) 8
2x 8
x4
x
O
Age 2x 5y 8
2(0) 5y 8
• Write a linear equation for the line of fit. Then
5y 8
substitute the person’s height and solve for the
y 1.6
corresponding age.
38. D; Graph D shows a negative correlation. As the
value of x increases, the value of y decreases. y 3x 6
0 3x 6
39. B; The equation y 2x 3 represents a line that
3x 6
passes through the points (1, 5), (2, 7), and (4, 11),
x 2
and lies close to the point (3, 7). Each of the other
three equations represents a line that does not To find the y-intercept, let x 0.
pass as close to the four points. y 3x 6
40. Sample answer: Cities with greater north y 3(0) 6
latitudes have lower January temperatures. y6
r 7 r 2
53.
1 2 121r 6 2 2
41. See students’ work. 42. See students’ work. 4 6
r 7
43. See students’ work. 44. See students’ work. 12 4
3(r 7) 2(r 2)
Page 305 Maintain Your Skills 3r 21 2r 4
3r 21 2r 2r 4 2r
5r 21 4
slope, 4. Use the point-slope form.
5r 21 21 4 21
y y1 m(x x1 ) 5r 25
y 5 4[x (2) ] 5r 25

y 5 4(x 2) 5 5
y 5 4x 8 r 5
y 5 5 4x 8 5 54.
n (4)
7
1 2 3 (7)
3
y 4x 3
n (4)
46. The slope of the given line is 2. So, the slope of 3 3
the line perpendicular to this line is the opposite n (4) 21
1
reciprocal of 2, or 2. The y-intercept is 0. Use the n (4) (4) 21 (4)
slope-intercept form. n 25
y mx b
1
y 2x 0
1
y 2x
47. y y m(x x )
1 1
y 3 2[x (2) ]
y 3 2(x 2)
233 Chapter 5
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:05 PM Page 234
2x 1 4x 5 4. • Enter the number of votes cast in 1996 in L1

55.
1 2 1 2
5 7
2x 1 4x 5
and the number of votes cast in 2000 in L2.
35 5
35 7
KEYSTROKES: STAT ENTER 14,447 ENTER
7(2x 1) 5(4x 5)
14x 7 20x 25 19,458 ENTER 28,674 ENTER 31,658 ENTER
14x 7 20x 20x 25 20x 32,739 ENTER 46,543 ENTER 49,186 ENTER
6x 7 25
6x 7 7 25 7 69,208 ENTER 103,429 ENTER 103,574
6x 18 ENTER 16,284 ENTER 19,281 ENTER
6x 18
6
6 30,921 ENTER 38,545 ENTER 38,626 ENTER
x3 52,457 ENTER 53,907 ENTER 80,787 ENTER
126,911 ENTER 123,466
• Find the regression equation by selecting
Page 307 Graphing Calculator Investigation LinReg (ax b) on the STAT CALC menu.
(Follow-Up of Lesson 5-7)
1. • Enter the number of years since 1985 in L1 KEYSTROKES: STAT 4 ENTER
and the number of bald eagle pairs in L2. The regression equation is about y 1.23x
3414.80.
KEYSTROKES:STAT ENTER 3 ENTER 5
• The data are already in Lists 1 and 2. Find
ENTER 7 ENTER 9 ENTER 11 ENTER 14 the median-fit equation by using Med-Med on
ENTER 2500 ENTER 3000 ENTER 3700 the STAT CALC menu.
ENTER 4500 ENTER 5000 ENTER 5800 ENTER KEYSTROKES: STAT 3 ENTER
• Find the regression equation by selecting The median-fit equation is about
LinReg(ax b) on the STAT CALC menu. y 1.24x 4454.74.
5. Graph the regression equation.
KEYSTROKES: 4 ENTER
STAT
• Find y when x 22,839 using value on the
The regression equation is about CALC menu.
y 309.48x 1555.88.
KEYSTROKES: 2nd CALC 1 22,839 ENTER
• The data are already in Lists 1 and 2. Find
the median-fit equation by using Med-Med on According to the regression equation, the number
the STAT CALC menu. of votes in that county in 2000 was about 24,753.
Graph the median-fit equation.
KEYSTROKES: 3 ENTER
STAT
• Find y when x 22,839 using value on the
The median-fit equation is about
CALC menu.
y 311.76x 1537.25.
KEYSTROKES: 2nd CALC 1 22,839 ENTER
2. The correlation coefficient of y 309.48x
1555.88 is 0.9970385087. The data are very According to the median-fit equation, the number
nearly linear. of votes in that county in 2000 was about 23,882.
3. Graph the regression equation. The estimates both show the number of votes
• Find y when x 13 using value on the CALC increasing from 1996 to 2000. But both are far
menu. from the actual number.
KEYSTROKES: 2nd CALC 1 13 ENTER
According to the regression equation, the
number of bald eagle pairs was about 5579.
Graph the median-fit equation.
• Find y when x 13 using value on the CALC
1. direct variation 2. rise; run
menu.
CALC 1 13 ENTER 3. parallel 4. point-slope
KEYSTROKES: 2nd
5. slope-intercept 6. y-intercept
According to the median-fit equation, the number
of bald eagle pairs was about 5590.
Both predictions are close to the prediction in
Example 4. But these predictions show fewer
Pages 308–312 Lesson-by-Lesson Review
pairs of eagles in 1998. 7. Let (1, 3) (x1, y1) and (2, 6) (x2, y2).
y2 y1
mx x
2 1
6 3
m 2 1
9
m 3
or 3
Chapter 5 234
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:05 PM Page 235
8. Let (0, 5) (x1, y1) and (6, 2) (x2, y2). 14. Write the slope as a ratio.
y2 y1 4
mx x 4 1
2 1
2 5 Graph (0, 0). From the point (0, 0), move down
m60 4 units and right 1 unit. Draw a dot. Draw a line
3 1
m 6
or 2 containing the points.
9. Let (6, 4) (x1, y1) and (6, 2) (x2, y2). y
y2 y1
mx x1
2
2 4
m 6 (6)
6 x
m 0
O
y 4x
undefined.
10. Let (8, 3) (x1, y1) and (2, 3) (x2, y2).
y2 y1
mx x1
2
1
3 (3)
m 2 8
3
0 Graph (0, 0). From the point (0, 0), move up
m 10
or 0
11. Let (2.9, 4.7) (x1, y1) and (0.5, 1.1) (x2, y2). containing the points.
y2 y1
mx x y
2 1
1.1 4.7 y 13 x
m 0.5 2.9
3.6
m 2.4 or 1.5
12. Let 112, 12 (x1, y1) and 11, 23 2 (x2, y2). O x
y2 y1
mx x1
2
2
3
1
m 1
1 2 16. Write the slope as a ratio.
1 1
1
3 4 4
2
m or 9
3
2 Graph (0, 0). From the point (0, 0), move down
2
21
y
y
O x
y 14 x
y 2x
O x
3
2
y
y 32 x
O x
235 Chapter 5
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:05 PM Page 236
18. Write the slope as a ratio. 31. The y-intercept is 1. So, graph (0, 1). The slope is
4 2
4
3 2 or 1. From (0, 1) move up 2 units and right
3
1 unit. Draw a dot. Draw a line containing the
Graph (0, 0). From the point (0, 0), move down
points.
containing the points. y
y
y 2x 1
O x
O x
y 43 x

1
19. Find the value of k. 20. Find the value of k. 1 or 1 . From (0, 5) move down 1 unit and right
y kx y kx 1 unit. Draw a dot. Draw a line containing the
6 k(9) 15 k(2) points.
6 k(9) 15 k(2)
9
9 2
2
y
2 15
3 k 2
k
2 15
y x 5
Therefore, y 3x. Therefore, y 2
x.
y kx y kx
4 k(4) 6 k(18)
4 k(4) 6 k(18) O x
4
4 18
18
1
1 k k
3 33. The y-intercept is 3. So, graph (0, 3). The slope is
1
Therefore, y x. Therefore, y 3x. 1
. From (0, 3) move up 1 unit and right 2 units.
2
23. Find the value of k. 24. Find the value of k. Draw a dot. Draw a line containing the points.
y kx y kx y
10 k(5) 7 k(14)
10 k(5) 7 k(14)
5
5 14
14 y 1 x 3
2
1
2 k 2 k
1
Therefore, y 2x. Therefore, y 2x. O x
y mx b
y 3x 2
26. Replace m with 1 and b with 3. 34. The y-intercept is 1. So, graph (0, 1). The slope
y mx b 4 4
is 3 or 3. From (0, 1) move up 4 units and left
y 1x (3) 3 units. Draw a dot. Draw a line containing the
yx3
points.
y
y mx b
y 0x 4
y4
1
y mx b O x
1
y3x2 y 4x 1
3
y mx b
y 0.5x (0.3)
y 0.5x 0.3
y mx b
y 1.3x 0.4
Chapter 5 236
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:05 PM Page 237
35. Solve for y. 39. Find the y-intercept.

5x 3y 3 y mx b
5x 3y 5x 3 5x 1
6 2(1) b
3y 5x 3
1
3y 5x 3 62b
3
3
1 1 1
5 622b2
y 3
x 1
11
The y-intercept is 1. So, graph (0, 1). The slope is 2
b
5
. From (0, 1) move up 5 units and right 3 units. Write the slope-intercept form.
3
Draw a dot. Draw a line containing the points. y mx b
1 11
y y 2x 2
40. Find the y-intercept.
y mx b
3
3 5(4) b
5x 3y 3 3 5 b
12
O x 12 12 12
3 5
5 b 5
3
5 b
36. Solve for y. Write the slope-intercept form.
6x 2y 9 y mx b
6x 2y 6x 9 6x
2y 6x 9
3
y 5x 5 1 32
3 3
2y 6x 9 y 5x 5
2
2
9 41. Find the slope.
y 3x 2 y2 y1
1 2. The slope is
mx x1
9 9
1 2
2
The y-intercept is 2. So, graph 0, 2 12 2
3 9 m
3 or 1 . From 0, 2
move down 3 units and right 1 (4)
10
1 unit. Draw a dot. Draw a line containing the m 5
or 2
points. Find the y-intercept.
y y mx b
6x 2 y 9 12 2(1) b
12 2 b
12 2 2 b 2
10 b
O x Write the slope-intercept form.
y mx b
y 2x 10
42. Find the slope.
y2 y1
37. Find the y-intercept. mx x1
y mx b 2
5 0
3 1(3) b m45
3 3 b 5
m 1 or 5
3 3 3 b 3
6b Find the y-intercept.
Write the slope-intercept form. y mx b
0 5(5) b
y mx b
0 25 b
y 1x 6
0 25 25 b 25
yx6
25 b
38. The point (0, 6) lies on the y-axis. The y-intercept is 6.
y mx b
y mx b
y 2x 6
y 5x 25
237 Chapter 5
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:06 PM Page 238
43. Find the y-intercept. 54. The line parallel to y 3x 2 has the same
y mx b slope, 3.
1 0(8) b y y1 m(x x1 )
1 b y 6 3(x 4)
Write the slope-intercept form. y 6 3x 12
y mx b y 6 6 3x 12 6
y 0x (1) y 3x 6
y 1 55. The line parallel to y 2x 4 has the same
44. Find the y intercept. slope, 2.
y mx b y y1 m(x x1 2
6 0(4) b y (62 2(x 62
6b y 6 2x 12
Write the slope-intercept form. y 6 6 2x 12 6
y mx b y 2x 6
y 0x 6 56. The line parallel to y 6x 1 has the same
y6 slope, 6.
Therefore, the equation is y 6. y y m(x x )
1 1
45. y y m(x x ) 46. y y m(x x ) y 2 6(x 1)
1 1 1 1
y 6 5(x 4) y 4 2[ x (1) ] y 2 6x 6
y 2 2 6x 6 2
y 4 2(x 1)
y 6x 8
47. y y1 m(x x1 ) 48. y y1 m(x x1 ) 5
1 5
57. The line parallel to y 12 x 2 has the same
y (3) 2 (x 5) y (4) 2 (x 1) 5
slope, 12. The point (0, 4) lies on the y-axis. The
1 5
y 3 2 (x 5) y 4 2 (x 1) y-intercept is 4.
49. y y1 m(x x1 ) y mx b
1 2
5
1
y (2) 3 x 4 y 12 x 4
y 2 31x 4 2
1 58. Solve the equation for y.
4x y 7
50. y y1 m(x x1 ) 4x y 4x 7 4x
y (2) 0(x 4) y 4x 7
y20 (1)(y) (1)(4x 7)
51. y 1 2(x 1) y 4x 7
y 1 2x 2 The line parallel to y 4x 7 has the same
y 1 1 2x 2 1 slope, 4.
y 2x 3 y y1 m(x x1 )
y 2x 2x 3 2x y (1) 4(x 2)
2x y 3 y 1 4x 8
(1)(2x y) (1)3 y 1 1 4x 8 1
2x y 3 y 4x 9
1
52. y 6 3(x 9) 59. Solve the equation for y.
3( y 6) 3 113 2(x 9) 3x 9y 1
3x 9y 3x 1 3x
3y 18 x 9 9y 3x 1
3y 18 18 x 9 18 9y 3x 1
3y x 27 9
9
3y x x 27 x y
1
3x 9
1
x 3y 27 1 1
(1)(x 3y) (1)(27) The line parallel to y 3x 9 has the same
1
x 3y 27 slope, 3.
53. y 4 1.5(x 4) y y1 m(x x1 )
2( y 4) 2(1.5)(x 4) 1
y 0 3(x 3)
2y 8 3(x 4)
1
2y 8 3x 12 y 3x 1
2y 8 8 3x 12 8
2y 3x 20
2y 3x 3x 20 3x
3x 2y 20
(1)(3x 2y) (1)(20)
3x 2y 20
Chapter 5 238
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:06 PM Page 239
60. The slope of the given line is 4. So, the slope of 65. Find the slope of the given line.
the line perpendicular to this line is the opposite 5y x 1
1
reciprocal of 4 or 4. 5y x 1

y y1 m(x x1 ) 5 5
1 1
1 y 5x 5
y 3 4(x 1)
1 1 The slope of the line perpendicular to this line is
y 3 4x 4 1
the opposite reciprocal of 5 or 5.
1 1
y 3 3 4x 4 3 y y1 m(x x1 )
1
y 4x
13 y (5) 5(x 2)
4
y 5 5x 10
61. The slope of the given line is 2. So, the slope of y 5 5 5x 10 5
the line perpendicular to this line is the opposite y 5x 15
1
reciprocal of 2 or 2. The point (0,3) lies on the
y-axis. The y-intercept is 3. 66. 60
Weight (long tons)

50
y mx b
40
1
y 2x (3) 30
1 20
y 2x 3 10
2 10
the line perpendicular to this line is the opposite 0
2 5 0 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
reciprocal of 5 or 2. Length (ft)
y y m(x x )
1 1
5 67. Draw a line that passes close to the points.
y (5) 2(x 2)
60
Weight (long tons)
5
y 5 2x 5 50
5 40
y 5 5 2x 5 5
5 30
y 2x 20
y 2.5x 10
0 35 40 45 50 55 60
2x 7y 1
2x 7y 2x 1 2x Length (ft)
7y 2x 1 68. We use points (40, 25) and (52, 45).
7y 2x 1 Find the slope.
7
7 y2 y1
2 1 mx
y 7
x7 2
x1
45 25
The slope of the line perpendicular to this line is m 52 40
2 7
the opposite reciprocal of 7 or 2. 20 5
m 12
or 3
y y m(x x )
1 1 Use the point-slope form.
7
y 0 2 [x (4) ] y y m(x x )
7
1 1
y 2(x 4) y 25 3(x 40)
5
7
y 2x 14 y 25 3x
5 200
3
y 25 25 3x 3
25
8x 3y 7
5 125
8x 3y 8x 7 8x y 3
x 3
3y 8x 7 Using W for weight and / for length, the equation is
3y 8x 7 5 125
3
3 W 3x 3 .
8 7 5 125
y 3
x3 69. Use the equation y 3x 3
.
The slope of the line perpendicular to this line is 5 125
8 3
y 3x 3
the opposite reciprocal of 3 or 8. 5 125
y y m(x x ) y 3(482 3
1 1
1
3
y 5 8(x 4) y 383
3 3 The weight of a 48-foot humpback whale is about
y 5 8x 2 1
383 long tons.
3 3
y 5 5 8x 2 5
3 13
y 8x 2
239 Chapter 5
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:06 PM Page 240
5 125 9. The y-intercept is 3. So, graph (0, 3). The slope is

70. Use the equation y 3x 3
.
2
5 125 2 or 1. From (0, 3) move up 2 units and right
y 3x 3 1 unit. Draw a dot. Draw a line containing the
5 125
y 3(12) 3
points.
2
y 213 y
The weight of a 12-foot humpback whale is about y 2x 3
2
213 long tons. The prediction is not accurate. A
negative weight is not reasonable.
O x
Chapter 5 Practice Test

Page 313
1. Vertical lines have no slope. 10. Solve for y.
2. Sample answer: 2x 3y 9
y 2x 3y 2x 9 2x
3y 2x 9
3y 2x 9
3
3
2
y 3x 3
2
The y-intercept of y 3x 3 is 3. So, graph
2 2
O x (0, 3). The slope is 3 or 3 . From (0, 3) move
down 2 units and right 3 units. Draw a dot. Draw
3. The slope represents the rate of change. a line containing the points.
4. Let (5, 8) (x1, y1) and (3, 7) (x2, y2). y
y2 y1
mx x1
2 2x 3y 9
78
m 3 5
1 1
m 8
or 8 O x
5. Let (5, 2) (x1, y1) and (3, 2) (x2, y2).
y2 y1
mx x1
2
2 (2)
m 35 11. The temperature is expected to fall 2
each hour,
m
0
or 0 so the rate of change is 2
each hour. At
2
midnight the temperature is 16
F.
6. Let (6, 3) (x1, y1) and (6, 4) (x2, y2).
y2 y1 rate of number of hours temperature
mx x Temperature
1444244 43 1
equals
424
change times after42444
3 14243 123 1444
midnight plus at44244
43 123 14
midnight.
43
2 1
T 2 h 16
4 (3)
m 66 Therefore, the equation is T 2h + 16.
7
m 0
Since division by zero is undefined, the slope is y kx y kx
undefined. 6 k(9) 12 k(4)
6 k(92 12 k(4)
7. The rate is $9.95 per month. Therefore, the direct 9
9 4
4
variation equation is C 0.95m. 2 3 k
3
k
8. The y-intercept is 1. So, graph (0, 1). The slope 2
3
is 3 or 1. From (0, 1) move up 3 units and right Therefore, y 3
x. Therefore, y 3x.
1 unit. Draw a dot. Draw a line containing the points. 14. Find the value of k. 15. y mx b
y kx y 4x 3
y
8 k(8)
8 k(8)
8
8
y 3x 1 1 k
O x Therefore, y x.
Chapter 5 240
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:06 PM Page 241
16. Find the slope. 21. The scatter plot seems to indicate that as the
3 (5) 1 number of dog years increases, the number of
m 8 (2)
or 5
human years increases. There is a positive
Find the y-intercept. correlation between the two variables.
y mx b y
1
3 5(8) b
50
8
3 5 b 45
40
8
3 5 b
Human Years
35
23 30
5 b 25
Write the slope-intercept form. 20
15
y mx b
1 2
10
1 23
y 5x 5 5
1 23 0 x
y 5
x 5
0 2 4 6 8
17. Solve the given equation for y. Dog Years
3x 7y 4 22. Draw a line that passes close to the points.

3x 7y 3x 4 3x
y
7y 3x 4
50
7y 3x 4
7
7
45
40
Human Years
3 4
y 7x 7 35
3 4 30
The line parallel to y 7x 7 has the same 25
3
slope, 7. 20
15
y y1 m(x x1 ) 10
3 5
y (2) 7(x 5)
0 x
3 15 2 4 6 8
y 2 7x 7 Dog Years
3 15
y 2 2 7x 7
2
23. We use the points (1, 15) and (7, 47).
3 1
y 7x 7 Find the slope.
18. The line has slope 0. 47 15 16
m 7 1
or 3
y y1 m(x x1 )
Use the point-slope form to write the equation.
y (8) 0(x 5)
y y m(x x )
y80 16
1 1
y8808 3
y 15
(x 1)
y 8 16
y 15 3 x 3
16

y 15 15 3 x 3 15
5x 3y 9
5x 3y 5x 9 5x 16
y 3x 3
29
3y 5x 9 16 29
3y 5x 9 24. Use the equation y 3 x 3 .
3
3 16 29
5 y 3x 3
y 3
x 3
16 29
y 3 (13) 3
The slope of the line perpendicular to this line is
5 3
the opposite reciprocal of 3 or 5. The y-intercept y 79
is 0. The number of human years comparable to 13 dog
y mx b years is 79.
4
3
y 5x 0 25. B; The y-intercept of y 3x 3 is 3. Therefore,
3 the line represented by this equation passes
y 5x through (0, 3) not (0, 4).
20. y y1 m(x x1 )
y 3 2[ x (4) ]
y 3 2(x 4)
241 Chapter 5
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:06 PM Page 242
Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice Find the y-intercept.

y mx b
Pages 314–315 7 2(3) b
1. B; The amount of the person’s salary that is spent 76b
is $(x y). The fraction of the salary that is spent 766b6
is the ratio of the amount spent to the total salary 1b
x y Write the slope-intercept form.
or x .
2. A; 2x 7y 2(5) 7(4) y mx b
10 7(4) y 2x 1
10 28 9. D; The line parallel to y 3x 4 has the same
38 slope, 3. The slope of y 3x 5 is 3.
3. D; 5x 6 10 10. Let x the lowest score.
5x 6 6 10 6 Twice the lowest score
14444244443 minus
123 12
{ is
{ 98.
123
5x 4
2x 12 98
5x 4
5
5 2x 12 98
x5
4
2x 12 12 98 12
8(12 10(32 14(22 16(12 17(22 2x 110
4. C; Mean age 1 3 2 1 2 2x 110
2
2
116
9 x 55
8
129 The lowest score was 55.
8 11. Solve for y.
The mean age is 129.
3x 2y 3
To find the median age, order the numbers from
3x 2y 3x 3 3x
least to greatest.
2y 3x 3
8, 10, 10, 10, 14, 14, 16, 17, 17 2y 3x 3

The median age is 14. 2 2
3 3
The mode is 10. y 2x 2
Therefore, mean age median age. 3
The y-intercept is 2 or 1.5.
5. D; When the difference in the x values is 1, the
difference in the y values is 1. When the 12. Use the points (1, 6) and (0, 4) to find the
difference in the x values is 2, the difference in equation of the line.
the y values is 2. This suggests that y x. Find the slope.
Check this equation. If x 3, then y (3) or 4 6
m 0 (12
3. But the y value for x 3 is 4. This is a
2
difference of 1. Try some other values in the m 1
or 2
domain to see if the same difference occurs. The point (0, 4) lies on the y-axis.
x 2 0 1 3 5 The y-intercept is 4.
x 2 0 1 3 5 Write the slope-intercept form.
y mx b
y 3 1 0 2 4
y 2x 4
y is always 1 more than the opposite of x. Use the equation y 2x + 4 with x 5.
6. B; To find the y-intercept, let x 0. y 2x 4
x y
3
21 y 2(5) 4
0 y y 6
21
3
The y-coordinate of the point (5, y) is 6.
y
2 1 The slope is 2.
1 2
13.
y
2 2 2(1) 14. A; 2(x 6) 2x 12
2x 6 6
y 2
7 4 Therefore, 2(x 6) is 6 more than 2x 6.
7. A; m 4 2
15. D; Let x 3. The |x| 3 and |x 1| 4.
3 1
m 6 or 2 Let x 3. Then |x| 3 and |x 1| 2.
8. C; Find the slope. Therefore, the relationship cannot be determined.
21 7 16. C; Two nonvertical lines are parallel if they have
m 10 3
14
the some slope.
m 7
or 2 17. B; The slope of y 2x is 2. The slope of the
line perpendicular to y 2x is the opposite
1
reciprocal of 2 or 2.
Chapter 5 242
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:06 PM Page 243
18a. For Plan 1: 18c. Evaluate each equation when m 100.

Monthly rate of number of monthly For Plan 1: C 0.59m
cost equals change times minutes plus fee. C 0.59 (1002
14243 123 14243 123 14243 123 14243
C 0.59 . m 0 C 59
The equation for Plan 1 is C 0.59m. For Plan 2: C 0.39m 10
For Plan 2: C 0.39 (1002 10
Monthly rate of number of monthly C 49
cost
14243
equals change times minutes
123 14243 123 14243 123 14243
plus fee. For Plan 3: C 59.95
C 0.39 . m 10 Your friend should enroll in Plan 2.
The equation for Plan 2 is C 0.39m 10. When m 100, the cost is least for Plan 2.
For plan 3:
Monthly rate of number of monthly
cost equals change times minutes plus fee.
14243 123 14243 123 14243 123 14243
C 0 . m 59.95
The equation for Plan 3 is C 59.95.
18b. The graph of C 0.59m passes through (0, 0)
with slope 0.59. The graph of C 0.39m 10
passes through (0, 10) with slope 0.39. The
graph of C 59.95 passes through (0, 59.95)
with slope 0.
C
60
50 C 59.95
40 C 0.59m
30
C 0.39m 10
20
10
0 m
20 40 60 80 100
243 Chapter 5
PQ249-6481F-06[244-272] 24/7/02 05:06 PM Page 244 Sahuja Ahuja_QXP_13:InProcess_AQ13:Sunita_23/24/7/02:PQ249-06-ReproPages:PQ249-06-Art:
Chapter 6 Solving Linear Inequalities

n 1
Page 317 Getting Started 12. n3
1 2
2
1. t 31 84 n 1
2(n 3) 2 2
t 31 31 84 31
t 53 2n 6 n 1
2. b 17 23 2n 6 n n 1 n
b 17 17 23 17 n61
b 40 n6616
n7
3. 18 27 f
18 27 27 f 27 13. 8 is eight units from zero in the negative
9 f direction.
2 1 |8| 8
4. d32
14. 20 is twenty units from zero in the positive
2 2 1 2
d3323 direction.
7
d 6 or 1 6
1 |20| 20
15. 30 is thirty units from zero in the negative
5. 3r 45 4r
direction.
3r 45 3r 4r 3r
45 r |30| 30
6. 5m 7 4m 12 16. 1.5 is one and five-tenths units from zero in the
5m 7 4m 4m 12 4m negative direction.
m 7 12 |1.5| 1.5
m 7 7 12 7 17. |14 7| |7|
m 19 7 is seven units from zero in the positive
7. 3y 4 16 direction.
3y 4 4 16 4 |14 7| |7| 7
3y 12
18. |1 16| |15|
3y 12
3
3 15 is fifteen units from zero in the negative
y4 direction.
8. 2a 5 3a 4 |1 16| |15| 15
5a4 19. |2 3| |1|
5a545 1 is one unit from zero in the negative
a 1 direction.
(1)(a) (1)(1)
|2 3| |1| 1
a1
1
20. |7 10| |3|
9. k 47
2 3 is three units from zero in the negative
1
2
k 4474 direction.
1 |7 10| |3| 3
k 11
1 2 2(11)
2
1
2 2
k 2x 2y 6
k 22 2x 2y 2x 6 2x
10. 4.3b 1.8 8.25 2y 6 2x
6 2x
4.3b 1.8 1.8 8.25 1.8 2y

2 2
4.3b 6.45
y3x
4.3b 6.45
4.3
4.3 Select five values for the domain and make a
b 1.5 table.
11. 6s 12 2(s 2) x 3x y (x, y)
6s 12 2s 4 2 3 (2) 5 (2, 5)
6s 12 2s 2s 4 2s
0 3 0 3 (0, 3)
4s 12 4
4s 12 12 4 12 1 3 1 2 (1, 2)
4s 16 3 3 3 0 (3, 0)
4s

16 5 3 5 2 (5, 2)
4 4
s4
Chapter 6 244
Graph the ordered pairs and draw a line through Graph the ordered pairs and draw a line through
the points. the points.
y y
2x 2y 6
O x
O x y 2x 3
22. Solve the equation for y. 24. The only value in the range is 4. Since there is
x 3y 3 no x in the equation, the value of x does not
x 3y x 3 x depend on y. Therefore, x can be any real number.
3y 3 x Select five values for the domain and make a
3y 3 x table.
3
3
y
1
1 3x x y (x, y)
3 4 (3, 4)
table. 1 4 (1, 4)
1
0 4 (0, 4)
x 1 3x y (x, y) 2 4 (2, 4)
6
1
1 3 (6) 1 (6, 1) 4 4 (4, 4)
14, 13 2
1 1 Graph the ordered pairs and draw a line through
4 1 3 (4) 3 the points.
3
1
1 3 (3) 0 (3, 0) y
1
0 1 3 (0) 1 (0, 1) O x
1
1
1 3 (1) 13
1
13, 1 13 2 y 4

the points.
y

x 3y 3
1
x 2 y
O x (2)(x) (2) 2 y 1 1
2
2x y
table.
23. Select five values for the domain and make a x 2x y (x, y)
table. 2 2(2) 4 (2, 4)
x 2x 3 y (x, y) 1 2(1) 2 (1, 2)
1 2(1) 3 5 (1, 5) 0 2(0) 0 (0, 0)
0 2(0) 3 3 (0, 3) 1 2(1) 2 (1, 2)
1 2(1) 3 1 (1, 1) 2 2(2) 4 (2, 4)
2 2(2) 3 1 (2, 1)
3 2(3) 3 3 (3, 3)
245 Chapter 6
Graph the ordered pairs and draw a line through The graph intersects the y-axis at (0, 5).
the points. Plot these points and draw the line that connects
y them.
y
x 12 y 15 3(x y )
O x
O x

3x 6 2y 28. To find the x-intercept, let y 0.
3x 6 2(0) 2 x 2y
3x 6 0 2 x 2 (0)
3x 6 6 0 6 2x0
3x 6 2xx0x
3x
3
6 2x
3
x2 The graph intersects the x-axis at (2, 0).
The graph intersects the x-axis at (2, 0). To find the y-intercept, let x 0.
To find the y-intercept, let x 0. 2 x 2y
2 0 2y
3x 6 2y
2 2y
3(0) 6 2y 2 2y
6 2y 2
2
6

2y 1y
2 2
3 y The graph intersects the y-axis at (0, 1).
The graph intersects the y-axis at (0, 3). Plot Plot these points and draw the line that connects
these points and draw the line that connects them.
them. y
y
2 x 2y
O x
O x
3x 6 2y

15 3 (x y) 6-1 Solving Inequalities by Addition
15 3 (x 0) and Subtraction
15 3x
15 3x
3
3 Page 321 Check for Understanding
5x 1. Sample answers: y 1 2, y 1 4,
The graph intersects the x-axis at (5, 0). y30
To find the y-intercept, let x 0. 2.
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
15 3 (x y)
15 3 (0 y) a4
15 3y
15 3y –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3
3 a4
5y In both graphs, the line is darkened to the left. In
the graph of a 4, there is a circle at 4 to
indicate that 4 is not included in the graph. In the
graph of a 4, there is a dot at 4 to indicate that
4 is included in the graph.
Chapter 6 246
3. {b|b 5} is the set of all numbers b such that b 9. 5.2r 6.7 6.2r
is greater than or equal to 5. 5.2r 6.7 5.2r 6.2r 5.2r
4. m3 7 7 6.7 r
m33 7 73 6.7 r is the same as r 6.7.
m 7 4 Check: Substitute 6.7, a number less than 6.7,
The solution set is {m|m 4}. The graph must and a number greater than 6.7.
have a heavy arrow pointing to the right to show Let r 6.7.
that the inequality includes all numbers greater ?
5.2 (6.7) 6.7 6.2 (6.7)
than 4. The graph must have a circle at 4 to show ?
that 4 is not included in the inequality. This is 34.84 6.7 41.54
represented by graph a. 41.54 41.54 ✓
5. a4 6 2 Let r 1.
?
a44 6 24 5.2 (1) 6.7 6.2 (1)
a 6 2 11.9 6.2 ✓
Check: Substitute 2, a number less than 2, Let r 10.
?
and a number greater than 2. 5.2 (10) 6.7 6.2 (10)
?
Let a 2. Let a 5. Let a 6. 52 6.7 62
? ? ?
2 4 6 2 5 4 6 2 64 6 2 58.7
62
22 1 6 2 ✓ 10 2 The solution set is {r | r 6.7}.
The solution set is {a | a 2}.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
8 765 4 321 0 10. 7p 6p 2
6. 9b4 7p 6p 6p 2 6p
94b44 p 2
5b Check: Substitute 2, a number less than 2,
5 b is the same as b 5. and a number greater than 2.
Check: Substitute 5, a number less than 5, Let p 2.
?
and a number greater than 5. 7 (2) 6(2) 2
?
Let b 5. Let b 0. Let b 10. 14 12 2
? ? ?
954 904 9 10 4 14 14 ✓
99✓ 9 4 9 14 ✓ Let p 5.
?
The solution set is {b | b 5}. 7 (5) 6 (5) 2
?
35 30 2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
35 32 ✓
7. t75 Let p 1.
t7757 ?
7(1) 6(1) 2
t 12
7 4
Check: Substitute 12, a number less than 12,
The solution set is { p|p 2}.
and a number greater than 12.
Let t 12. Let t 2. Let t 15.
? ? ? 432 1 0 1 2 3 4
12 7 5 275 15 7 5
11. Let n the number.
55✓ 5
5 85✓
decreased is at
The solution set is {t | t 12}.
A number by 8 most 14.
14
424
43 14
424
43 1
424
3 123
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 n 8 14
8. y 2.5 7 3.1 n 8 14
y 2.5 2.5 7 3.1 2.5 n 8 8 14 8
y 7 5.6 n 22
Check: Substitute 5.6, a number less than 5.6, Check: Substitute 22, a number less than 22,
and a number greater than 5.6. and a number greater than 22.
Let y 5.6. Let y 1. Let y 8. Let n 22. Let n 10. Let n 30.
? ? ?
? ? ?
5.6 2.5 7 3.1 1 2.5 7 3.1 8 2.5 7 3.1 22 8 14 10 8 14 30 8 14
3.1 3.1 1.5 3.1 5.5 7 3.1 ✓ 14 14 ✓ 2 14 ✓ 22 14
The solution set is { y | y 5.6}. The solution set is {n|n 22}.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
247 Chapter 6
12. Let n the number. Exercises 20–37 For checks, see students’ work.
is greater 20. t 14 18
A number plus 7 than 2. t 14 14 18 14
14
424
43 123 { 14
424
43 {
t4
n 7 7 2
The solution set is {t|t 4}.
n7 7 2
n77 7 27
n 7 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Check: Substitute 5, a number less than 5, 21. d57

and a number greater than 5. d5575
Let n 5. Let n 10. Let n 3. d2
?
5 7 7 2
?
10 7 7 2 37 7 2
? The solution set is {d|d 2}.
22 3 2 10 7 2 ✓
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
The solution set is {n|n 5}.
13. Let g the number of grams of fat Chapa can 22. n 7 3
have during the rest of the day. n 7 7 3 7
n4
2132 21 g 60
6 21 g 60 The solution set is {n|n 4}.
27 g 60
27 g 27 60 27 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
g 33 23. s 5 1
Chapa can have no more than 33 g of fat during s 5 5 1 5
the rest of the day. s4
The solution set is {s|s 4}.
Pages 321–323 Practice and Apply 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

14. d; x 3 2 24. 53g
x 3 3 2 3 533g3
x1 2g
The solution set is {x|x 1}. The corresponding 2 g is the same as g 2.
graph is d.
The solution set is { g|g 2}.
15. f; x76
x7767
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
x 1
25. 48r
The solution set is {x|x 1}. The corresponding
488r8
graph is f.
4 r
16. a; 4x 7 3x 1
4 r is the same as r 4.
4x 3x 7 3x 1 3x
x 7 1 The solution set is {r|r 4}.
graph is a. 8 765 4 321 0
17. c; 8x 6 9 26. 3 q 7

8x8 6 98 3 7 q 7 7
x 6 1 4q
The solution set is {x|x 1}. The corresponding 4 q is the same as q 4.
graph is c. The solution set is {q|q 4}.
18. e; 5x6
56x66 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 x 27. 2m1
1 x is the same as x 1. 21m11
The solution set is {x|x 1}. The corresponding 3m
graph is e. 3 m is the same as m 3.
19. b; x1 7 0 The solution set is {m|m 3}.
x11 7 01
x 7 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
graph is b.
Chapter 6 248
28. 2y 8 y 36.
1
a4 7
1
8
2y y 8 y y 1 1 1 1
y 8 a44 7 8
4
1
The solution set is { y|y 8}. a 7 8
8 765 4 321 0 5
The solution set is a|a 7 8 .
1
6
29. 3f 3 2f
3f 2f 3 2f 2f 432 1 0 1 2 3 4
f 3 37.
2
p39
4
The solution set is { f|f 3}. 2 2 4 2

p3393
1
8 7654 32 1 0 p 19
30. 3b 2b 5
3b 2b 2b 5 2b
The solution set is 5 p|p 1 19 6.
b 5
432 1 0 1 2 3 4
The solution set is {b|b 5}.
38a. d 5 17
d 5 5 17 5
8 765 4 321 0
d 12
31. 4w 3w 1 38b. d 5 17
4w 3w 3w 1 3w d 5 3 17 3
w1 d 8 20
The solution set is {w|w 1}. 38c. d 5 17
d 5 10 17 10
432 1 0 1 2 3 4 d57
32. v (4) 3 39a. z 2 10
v43 z 2 2 10 2
v4434 z 12
v 1 39b. z 2 10
The solution set is {v|v 1}. z 2 5 10 5
z75
432 1 0 1 2 3 4 39c. z 2 10
33. a (2) 3 z 2 6 10 6
a 2 3 z 4 16
a 2 2 3 2 Exercises 40–45 For checks, see students’ work.
a 5 40. Let n the number.
The solution set is {a|a 5}. n 13 27
n 13 13 27 13
8 765 4 321 0 n 14
34. 0.23 h (0.13) The solution set is {n|n 14}.
0.23 h 0.13 41. Let n the number.
0.23 0.13 h 0.13 0.13 n 5 33
0.36 h n 5 5 33 5
0.36 h is the same as h 0.36. n 38
The solution set is {h|h 0.36}. The solution set is {n|n 38}.
432 1 0 1 2 3 4 30 n (8)
35. x 1.7 2.3 30 n 8
x 1.7 1.7 2.3 1.7 30 8 n 8 8
x 0.6 38 n
The solution set is {x|x 0.6}. 38 n is the same as n 38.
432 1 0 1 2 3 4 43. Let n the number.
2n n 14
2n n n 14 n
n 14
249 Chapter 6
44. Let n the number. 53a. If a b, then a c b c by the Addition

n (7) 18 Property of Inequalities. If c d, then b c
n 7 18 b d by the Addition Property of Inequalities.
n 7 7 18 7 Since a c b c and b c b d, it follows
n 25 that a c b d by the Transitive Property of
The solution set is {n|n 25}. Inequalities (If x y and y z, then x z.).
45. Let n the number. Therefore, the given statement is always true.
4n 3n (2) 53b. If x y is always true, then x y is never true.
4n 3n 3n (2) 3n In Exercise 53, it was shown that, if a b and
n 2 c d, the statement a c b d is always
true. Therefore, the statement a c b d is
never true.
46. Let n the number of pounds a Nile crocodile
53c. If a 1, b 2, c 3, and d 5, then a c
might be expected to gain.
1 3 or 2, but b d 2 5 or 3. In this
n 157 2200 case, a c b d.
n 157 157 2200 157
However, if a 1, b 2, c 3, and d 4, then
n 2043
a c 1 3 or 2, and b d 2 4 or 2.
The crocodile would be expected to gain no more In this case, a c b d. Therefore, the given
than 2043 lb. statement is sometimes true.
47. Let s the number of stars that cannot be seen 54. 225 p 200
without a telescope.
55. 225 p 200
s 1100 200,000,000,000 225 p p 200 p
s 1100 1100 200,000,000,000 1100 225 200 p
s 199,999,998,900 225 200 200 p 200
There are at least 199,999,998,900 stars that 25 p
cannot be seen without a telescope. 25 p is the same as p 25.
48. Let n the number of species of insects that are The solution set is {p|p 25}.
not bees.
56. Inequalities can be used to compare the number
n 3500 600,000 of schools participating in certain sports, to
n 3500 3500 600,000 3500 compare the number of participating schools if
n 596,500 sports are added or discontinued in a certain
There are more than 596,500 species of insects number of schools, and to determine how many
that are not bees. schools need to add a certain sport to surpass the
49. Let m the amount of money in the account. number participating in another sport. Answers
m 1300 947 1500 should include the following.
m 2247 1500 • To find how many schools must add girls’ track
m 2247 2247 1500 2247 and field to surpass the current number of
m 3747 schools participating in girls’ basketball, solve
Mr. Hayashi should have at least $3747 in his 16,526 14,587 x. More than 1939 schools
account before writing the checks. must add girls’ track and field.
50. 12 4 x 57. C; x 1 13
12 4 4 x 4 x 1 1 13 1
8 x x 14
8 x is the same as x 8. 58. A; The sum of a is at
number and 6 least five.
The value of x must be more than 8 in. 144424443 123 123
n6 5
51. Let j the cost of a pair of jeans.
18 14 j 65
32 j 65
32 j 32 65 32 Page 323 Maintain Your Skills
j 33 59. Since a person’s height is not related to his or her
grade on a math test, a scatter plot for the
The jeans must cost no more than $33.
relationship would show no correlation.
52. Let w the number of wins to meet the goal.
w 4 0.60(18) slope, 3. Replace m with 3, and (x1, y1) with
w 4 10.8 (1, 3) in the point-slope form.
w 4 4 10.8 4
y y1 m(x x1)
w 6.8
y (3) 3(x 1)
The team must win at least 7 more games to meet
y 3 3x 3
their goal.
y 3 3 3x 3 3
y 3x 6
Chapter 6 250
61. Find the slope of the given line. 66. x 2x y (x, y)
x y 3 1 2(1) 2 (1, 2)
x y x 3 x
3 2(3) 6 (3, 6)
y x 3
5 2(5) 10 (5, 10)
The slope of the given line is 1, so the slope of
the line parallel to y x 3 has the same The solution set is {(1, 2), (3, 6), (5, 10)}.
slope, 1. Replace m with 1 and (x1, y1) with 67. x 7x y (x, y)
(0, 4) in the point-slope form.
1 7 (1) 8 (1, 8)
y y1 m(x x1)
3 73 4 (3, 4)
y 4 1(x 0)
y 4 x 5 75 2 (5, 2)
y 4 4 x 4 The solution set is {(1, 8), (3, 4), (5, 2)}.
y x 4 68. First solve the equation for y in terms of x.
62. Find the slope of the given line. 2x y 6
2x y 1 2x y 2x 6 2x
2x y 2x 1 2x y 6 2x
y 2x 1 1(y) 1(6 2x)
1(y) 1(2x 1) y 2x 6
y 2x 1
x 2x 6 y (x, y)
The slope of the given line is 2, so the slope of the
line parallel to y 2x 1 has the same slope, 2. 1 2(1) 6 8 (1, 8)
Replace m with 2 and (x1, y1) with (1, 2) in the 3 2(3) 6 0 (3, 0)
point-slope form. 5 2(5) 6 4 (5, 4)
y y1 m(x x1)
The solution set is {(1, 8), (3, 0), (5, 4)}.
y 2 2[x (1)]
69. 6g 42
y 2 2(x 1) 6g 42
y 2 2x 2 6
6
y 2 2 2x 2 2 g7
y 2x 4 t
70. 9
14
63. 7 13 19 25
192 19214
t
6 6 6 9
The difference between each pair of terms is t 126
always 6. The sequence is arithmetic with a 2
71. y 14
1 21 2 132 214
3
common difference of 6. Add 6, then add 6. 3 2
7 13 19 25 31 37 2 3
y

6

6

6

6

6 y 21
The next two terms are 31 and 37. 72. 3m 435
3m 435
64. 243 81 27 9

162

54

18
3 3
m 145
1 4
The difference between each pair of terms is 3 the 73. x 28
1 21 2 174 228
1 7
difference of the previous pair. Continue taking 3 7 4
of each successive difference. Add 6, then 4 7
x
add 2. x 49
243 81 27 9 3 1 74. 5.3g 11.13
5.3g 11.13
162 54 18 6 2
5.3
5.3
The next two terms are 3 and 1. g 2.1
65. 3 6 12 24 a

3

6

12
75. 3.5
7
13.52 13.52 7
a
The difference between each pair of terms doubles 3.5
for each successive pair. Continue doubling each a 24.5
successive difference. Add 24, then add 48. 76. 8p 35
3 6 12 24 48 96 8p 35
8
8
3 6 12 24 48
35
The next two terms are 48 and 96. p 8
or 4.375
251 Chapter 6
Page 324 Algebra Activity Step 4 Separate the tiles into 4 groups.
(Preview of Lesson 6-2)
1. 4x 12 1 1 1 x
Step 1 Write a symbol and model the
inequality. 1 1 1 x

1 1 1
x 1 1 1 x
x 1 1 1
1 1 1 x
x 1 1 1
x
1 1 1 3 x or x 3
The solution set is {x|x 3}.
4x 12 2. 2x 8
Step 1 Write a symbol and model the
Step 2 Since you do not want to solve for a
inequality.
negative x-tile, eliminate the negative by
adding 4 positive x-tiles to each side.
Remove the zero pairs. 1 1
x
x 1 1 1 1 1
x 1 1 1
1 1
x
x 1 1 1
x 1 1
1 1 1

x x
2x 8
x x
x x negative x-tile, eliminate the negative
x x x-tiles by adding 2 positive x-tiles to each
side. Remove the zero pairs.
4x 4x 12 4x
1 1
Step 3 Add 12 negative 1-tiles to each side to
isolate the x-tiles. Remove the zero pairs. x 1 1
x 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
x
x
x
1 1 1 1 1 1
x
1 1 1 1 1 1
2x 2x 8 2x
Step 3 Add 8 negative 1-tiles to each side to
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
isolate the x-tiles. Remove the zero pairs.
1 1 1 x
x 1 1 1 1
1 1 1
x
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 x 1 1
1 1 1 1
12 4x 1 1

1 1 1 1
1 1 x
1 1 x
8 2x
Chapter 6 252
Step 4 Separate the tiles into 2 groups. Step 4 Separate the tiles into 3 groups.
1 1
x 1 1 x
1 1

1 1 x
1 1
x
1 1 1 1 x
4 x or x 4 2 x or x 2
The solution set is {x|x 4}. The solution set is {x|x 2}.
3. 3x 6 4. 5x 5
Step 1 Write a symbol and model the Step 1 Write a symbol and model the
inequality. Use a self-adhesive note to inequality.
cover the equals sign on the equation
mat. Then write a symbol on the note.
Model the inequality. x 1
x 1
x 1
1 1
x x 1
x 1 1 x 1
x 1 1
5x 5
negative x-tile, eliminate the negative
3x 6
x-tiles by adding 5 positive x-tiles to each
Step 2 Since you do not want to solve for a side. Remove the zero pairs.
negative x-tile, eliminate the negative
x-tiles by adding 3 positive x-tiles to each x 1
side. Remove the zero pairs.
x 1
x 1 1 x 1
x x 1
1 1
x x 1
1 1
x x
x x
x x x x
x x x x
3x 3x 6 3x x x
Step 3 Add 6 positive 1-tiles to each side to x x
isolate the x-tiles. Remove the zero pairs.
5x 5x 5 5x
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1

x
1 1 x
1 1 x
6 3x
253 Chapter 6
Step 3 Add 5 positive 1-tiles to each side to There are no negative x-tiles, so the variable
isolate the x-tiles. Remove the zero pairs. remains on the left and the symbol remains .
1 1
6-2 Solving Inequalities by

1 1
Multiplication and Division
1 1
1 1 Pages 328–329 Check for Understanding

1 1 1. You could solve the inequality by multiplying each
1 1
side by 7 or by dividing each side by 7. In
1 x either case, you must reverse the direction of the
x inequality symbol.
1
x 2. Sample answer: Three fourths of a number is
1
x greater than 9.
1 x 3. Ilonia is correct since when you divide each side
of an inequality by a negative number, you must
5 5x reverse the direction of the inequality symbol.
Step 4 Separate the tiles into 5 groups. 4. a; since the phrase is at least is translated as ,
statement a represents 7n 14.
1 x 5. c; since the phrase is less than is translated as ,
inequality c represents the statement.
x 6. 15g 7 75
1
15g 75
15
6 15
g 6 5
1 x
1 x and a number greater than 5.
Let g 5. Let g 10. Let g 5.
15 152 7 75 15 1102 7 75 15 152 7 75
? ? ?
1 x
75 75 150 7 75 ✓ 75 75
1 x or x 1 The solution set is { g|g 5}.
The solution set is {x|x 1}. 7.
t
6 12
9
5. In Exercises 1–4, the coefficients of x are 4,
192 6 1921122
t
2, 3, and 5, respectively. Thus, all 9
coefficients are negative. t 6 108
6. The symbols in the solutions point in the opposite Check: Substitute 108, a number less than
direction with relationship to the variable than 108, and a number greater than
the symbols in the original problem. 108.
7. 2x 6 Let t 108. Let t 180. Let t 18.
108 ? 180 ? 18 ?
Step 1 Model the inequality. 6 12 6 12 6 12
9 9 9
12 12 20 12 ✓ 2 12
x 1 1 1 The solution set is {t|t 108}.

8.
2
3b 9
x
132 2 123b2 132 2 (9)
1 1 1
b 13.5
2x 6
Check: Substitute 13.5, a number less than
Step 2 Since there is no need to eliminate x-tiles 13.5, and a number greater than 13.5.
or isolate x-tiles, the only step remaining
Let b 13.5. Let b 12. Let b 18.
is to group the tiles.
3 113.52 9 3 1122 9 3 1182 9
2 ? 2 ? 2 ?
x 1 1 1 9 9 ✓ 8 9 12 9 ✓
The solution set is {b|b 13.5}.

x 1 1 1
x3
Chapter 6 254
9. 25f 9 Examples 19–34 For checks, see students’ work.

25f

9 19. 6g 144
25 25
6g 144
f 0.36 6
6
Check: Substitute 0.36, a number less than g 24
0.36, and a number greater than 0.36. The solution set is {g|g 24}.
Let f 0.36. Let f 0. Let f 1. 20. 7t 7 84
25 10.362 9 25 102 9 25 112 9
? ? ?
7t 84
7
7 7
99✓ 0
9 25 9 ✓
t 7 12
The solution set is {f|f 0.36}.
21. 14d 84
The opposite of 4 times a number is more than 12.
144424443 14444244443 1442443 123 14d 84
4n 7 12 14
14
4n 7 12 d 6
4n 12
4
6 4
The solution set is {d|d 6}.
n 6 3 22. 16z 64
16z 64
Check: Substitute 3, a number less than 3, 16
16
and a number greater than 3. z4
Let n 3. Let n 5. Let n 1. The solution set is {z|z 4}.
4 132 7 12 4 152 7 12 4 112 7 12
? ? ?
m
12 12 20 7 12 ✓ 4 12 23. 5
7
m
The solution set is {n|n 3}. (5) 5 (5)7
11. Let n the number. m 35
Half of a number
123 123 14424
is at least 26.
43 1442443 123 The solution set is {m|m 35}.
1 n 26 24.
b
5
2 10
1
2
n 26 b
(10) 10 (10)5
1
(2) 2 n (2) 26 b 50
n 52 The solution set is {b|b 50}.
r
Check: Substitute 52, a number less than 52, 25. 7 6 7
1 r2
(7) 7 7 (7) (7)
Let n 52. Let n 40. Let n 60.
1522 26 1402 26 1602
1 ? 1 ? 1 ? r 7 49
2 2 2
26
The solution set is {r|r 49}.
26 26 ✓ 20
26 30 26 ✓
a
The solution set is {n|n 52}. 26. 11 7 9
12. B; 6x 6 24
6x 24
1
(11) 11 6 (11)9
a
2
6
6 6 a 6 99
x 6 4 The solution set is {a|a 99}.
5
27. y 15
12 185 2 (15)
8
8 5
Pages 329–331 Practice and Apply 5 8
y
1
13. d; 5 n 7 10 can be translated One fifth of a y 24
number is greater than ten. The solution set is {y ƒ y 24} .
14. a; 5n 10 can be translated Five times a number 28.
2
v 6 6
12 132 26
3
is less than or equal to ten.
3 2
15. e; 5n 10 can be translated Five times a number 2 3
v 6
is greater than ten. v 6 9
16. f; 5n 10 can be translated Negative five times The solution set is {v ƒ v 9}.
a number is less than ten. 3
29. 4q 33
143 2134q2 143 2 (33)

1
17. b; 5 n 10 can be translated One fifth of a
number is no less than ten.
18. c; 5n 10 can be translated Five times a number q 44
is less than ten. The solution set is {q ƒ q 44}.
255 Chapter 6
30.
2
5 p 7 10 38c. 4t 6 2
152 2125 p2 6 152 210

(7)4t 7 (7) (2)
28t 7 14
p 6 25 Exercises 39–44 For checks, see students’ work.
The solution set is {p ƒ p 25}. 39. Let n the number.
31. 2.5w 6 6.8 7n 7 28
2.5w 6.8 7n 28
2.5
7 2.5 7
7 7
w 7 2.72 n 7 4
The solution set is {w ƒ w 7 2.72}. The solution set is {n ƒ n 7 4}.
32. 0.8s 7 6.4 40. Let n the number.
0.8s 6.4
0.8
6 0.8
7n 14
7n 14
s 6 8 7
7
The solution set is {s ƒ s 8}. n 2
33.
15c 3 The solution set is {n ƒ n 2}.
1 21 2 6 1 21 2
7
7 14
7 15c 7 3 41. Let n the number.
15 7 1
15 14 24 3n
1
c 6 10 1
5 6.
(3)24 (3) 3n
1
The solution set is c ƒ c 6 10 72 n
4m 3 72 n is the same as n 72.
34.
1 21 2 6 1 21 2
5
6 15
5 4m 5 3 The solution set is {n ƒ n 72}.
4 5 4 15
1
m 6 4 2
5 6
n 6 15
12 132 2 (15)
3
1
The solution set is m ƒ m 6 4 . 3 2
n 6
2 3
y 1
35. 8 n 6 22.5
1 26
7 2
(8)
y
8
1
(8) 2 The solution set is {n ƒ n 22.5}.
y 6 4 43. Let n the number.
0.25n 90
The solution set is {y ƒ y 4}.
0.25n 90
0.25
0.25
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 n 360
36.
m
9
1
3 The solution set is {n ƒ n 360}.
(9) 1 2 (9) 113 2

m
9
0.40n 45
m3 0.40n 45
0.40
The solution set is {m ƒ m 3}. 0.40
n 112.5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 The solution set is {n ƒ n 112.5}.
37a. 2a 7 45. Let w the width of the rectangle.
2a 7 A 6 85
2
2
/w 6 85
a 3.5 20w 6 85
37b. 2a 7 20w
6
85
20 20
(2)2a (2)7 1
4a 14 w 6 44
1
37c. 2a 7 The width is less than 44 ft.
(3)2a (3)7 46. Let b the number of bags of mulch to be sold.
6a 21
2.50b 2000
38a. 4t 6 2 2.50b 2000
2.50
2.50
4t 2
6
4 4 b 800
t 6 0.5 The band should sell at least 800 bags of mulch.
38b. 4t 6 2
(2)4t 7 (2)(2)
8t 7 4
Chapter 6 256
47. Let m the number of minutes Juan can talk. 54. Let s the number of signatures to be sought.
0.09m 2.50 0.85s 6000
0.09m 2.50 0.85s 6000
0.09
0.09 0.85
0.85
m 27. 7 s 7058.8 (to the nearest tenth)
Juan can talk to his friend for no more than The candidate should seek at least 7059
27 min. signatures on the petition.
48. Let p the number of people attending the 55. Inequalities can be used to compare the heights of
reunion. walls. Answers should include the following.
28.95p 4000 • If x represents the number of bricks and the
28.95p 4000 wall must be no higher than 4 ft or 48 in.,
28.95
28.95 then 3x 48.
p 138.2 (to the nearest tenth) • To solve this inequality, divide each side by 3
At least 139 people must attend the reunion to and do not change the direction of the
avoid a rental fee. inequality symbol. The wall must be no more
49. Let r the radius of the garden. than 16 bricks high.
C 6 38 x
56. B; 5 1
2r 6 38 x
2r 38 (5) 5 (5) (1)
6
2 2
x 5
r 6 6.0 (to the nearest tenth) 7 14
57. C; 8 t 6
187 2178t2 7 187 211415 2

The garden can have a radius of up to about 6 ft. 15
50. Let d the distance that can be traveled legally.

d 16
t 7 15
5t 0 t 7 1615 6 .
1
6 65
12
11 12 2 1d1 1 12
The solution set is
6 1 2 65
132 265
2
d 6 Page 331 Maintain Your Skills

1 Exercises 58–60 For checks, see students’ work.
d 6 97 2
58. s 7 6 12
1
A person can legally travel no more than 972 mi. s 7 7 6 12 7
51. Let n the number of visits to the zoo in one s 6 19
year (assuming two adults and two children go to The solution set is {s ƒ s 19}.
the zoo each visit).
144 6 [ 2(18) 2(8) ] n 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
144 6 52n 59. g 3 4
144
6
52n g 3 3 4 3
52 52
g 7
2.8 6 n (to the nearest tenth)
The solution set is {g ƒ g 7}.
The yearly membership will be less expensive
than regular admission if the family (of two
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
adults and two children) visits the zoo at least
3 times during the year. 60. 7 7 n2
52a. Sample answer: Let a 2 and b 3. 72 7 n22
5 7 n
It is true that a b since 2 3. However, it is
not true that a2 b2 since 4 9. 5 n is the same as n 5.
52b. Sample answer: Let a 1, b 2, c 3, and The solution set is {n ƒ n 5}.
d 2.
It is true that a b since 1 2. It is also true 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
that c d since 3 2. However, it is not true
that ac bd since ac (1)(3) or 3, bd
(2)(2) or 4, and 3 4.
53. Let s the number of parking spaces in the lot.
0.20s 35
0.20s 35
0.20
0.20
s 175
The parking lot must have at least 175 spaces.
257 Chapter 6
61. Sample answer: Choose (3, 3) and find the y-intercept of the line.
Since y increases as x increases, there is a y mx b
positive correlation between x and y in the graph 1
3 4 (3) b
shown.
3
y 34b
3 3 3
344b4
9
4
b
1
9
O x b 4.
y mx b
62. Find the slope. Let (x1, y1) (1, 3) and (x2, y2) 1 9
y 4x 4
(2, 4).
y2 y1 65. h(x) 3x 2 66. h(x) 3x 2
mx x1 h(4) 3(4) 2 h(2) 3(2) 2
2
4 3 12 2 62
m2 (1) 10 8
1
m3 67. h(x) 3x 2 68. h(x) 3x 2
Choose (2, 4) and find the y-intercept of the line. h(w) 3(w) 2 h(r 6) 3(r 6) 2
y mx b 3w 2 3r 18 2
1 3r 16
4 3 (2) b
3 x t 2.4
2 69. 8 70. 1.6
43b 4 1.5
2 2 2
3(8) 4(x) t(1.6) 1.5(2.4)
433b3 24 4x 1.6t 3.6
10 24 4x 1.6t 3.6
3
b 4
4 1.6
1.6
1
Write the slope-intercept form using m 3 and 6x t 2.25
10 w 2
b 3. 71.
7
5 5
y mx b 5(w 2) 5(7)
1
y 3x
10 5w 10 35
3
5w 10 10 35 10
63. Find the slope. Let (x1, y1) (5, 2) and (x2, y2)
5w 25
(1, 2). 5w 25
y2 y1 5
5
mx x1
2 w5
2 (2)
m 1 5 72.
x

x 5
3 15
0
m 6 15(x) 3 (x 5)
m0 15x 3x 15
Choose (5, 2) and find the y-intercept of the line. 15x 3x 3x 15 3x
12x 15
y mx b 12x 15
2 0(5) b 12
12
2 b x 4 or 1 4
5 1

73. 5x 3 32 74. 4t 9 14
b 2.
5x 3 3 32 3 4t 9 9 14 9
y mx b 5x 35 4t 5
y (0)x (2) 5x 35 4t 5
y 2 5
5 4
4
5
The standard form of the equation is y 2. x7 t 4 or 1.25
64. Find the slope. Let (x1, y1) (3, 3) and (x2, y2) 75. 6y 1 4y 23
(1, 2). 6y 1 4y 4y 23 4y
y2 y1 2y 1 23
mx x1
2 2y 1 1 23 1
2 3 2y 24
m 1 3
2y 24
m
1
2
2
4
1 y 12
m 4
Chapter 6 258
76.
14g 5
9 Check: Substitute 5, a number less than 5,
114g6 5 2 6 (9)
6
6 Let p 5. Let p 8. Let p 2.
? ? ?
14g 5 54 4 5 9 4 8 9 4 2 9
14g 5 5 54 5 44✓ 41✓ 4
7
14g 49 The solution set is { p|p 5}.
14g 49
14
14
7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
g 2 or 3.5
4. 3 a 5
77. 5a 6 9a (7a 18) 3 5 a 5 5
5a 6 9a 7a 18 2a
5a 6 2a 18 2 a is the same as a 2.
5a 6 2a 2a 18 2a Check: Substitute 2, a number less than 2,
3a 6 18 and a number greater than 2.
3a 6 6 18 6
Let a 2. Let a 0. Let a 10.
3a 24 ? ? ?
3a 24 3 6 2 5 3 6 0 5 3 6 10 5
3
3 3 3 3 5 3 6 5 ✓
a 8 The solution set is {a|a 2}.
78. 2( p 4) 7 ( p 3)
2p 8 7p 21 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
2p 8 2p 7p 21 2p
5. 7g 6g 1
8 5p 21
7g 6g 6g 1 6g
8 21 5p 21 21
g 1
29 5p
29 5p Check: Substitute 1, a number less than 1,
5
5 and a number greater than 1.
29
5 p Let g 1. Let g 5.
? ?
29
p 5 or 5.8 7(1) 6(1) 1 7(5) 6(5) 1
7 7 ✓ 35 31 ✓
Let g 2.
?
Page 331 Practice Quiz 1 7(2) 6(2) 1
1. h 16 7 13 14 11
h 16 16 7 13 16
The solution set is {g|g 1}.
h 7 3
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
6. 15z 105
Let h 3. Let h 1. Let h 7.
15z 105
? ?
3 16 7 13 1 16 7 13 7 16 7 13
?
15
15
13 13 15 13 9 7 13 ✓ z7
The solution set is {h|h 3}. Check: Substitute 7, a number less than 7,
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Let z 7. Let z 0. Let z 10.
? ? ?
2. r 3 1 15(7) 105 15(0) 105 15(10) 105
r 3 3 1 3 105 105 ✓ 0
105 150 105 ✓
r 4 The solution set is {z|z 7}.
Check: Substitute 4, a number less then 4, v
7. 6 7
and a number greater than 4. 5
v
Let r 4. Let r 10. Let r 1. (5) 5 6 (5)7
? ? ?
4 3 1 10 3 1 1 3 1 v 6 35
1 1 ✓ 7 1 ✓ 4 1 Check: Substitute 35, a number less than 35,
The solution set is {r|r 4}. and a number greater than 35.
Let v 35. Let v 30. Let v 70.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 35 ?
6 7
30 ?
6 7
70 ?
6 7
5 5 5
3. 4p9
7 7 6 6 7✓ 14 7
4 9 p 9 9
5 p The solution set is {v|v 35}.
5 p is the same as p 5.
259 Chapter 6
3
8. 7 q 7 15
173 2137q2 6 173 215

6-3 Solving Multi-Step Inequalities
q 6 35
Check: Substitute 35, a number less than
1. To solve both the equation and the inequality, you
35, and a number greater than 35.
first subtract 6 from each side and then divide
Let q 35. Let q 70. Let q 0. each side by 5. In the equation, the equal sign
3 ? 3 ? 3 ?
7 (35) 7 15 7 (70) 7 15 7 (0) 7 15 does not change. In the inequality, the inequality
15 15 30 7 15 ✓ 0 15 symbol is reversed because you divided by a
negative number.
The solution set is {q|q 35}.
2. Sample answer: 2x 4 2
9. 156 6 12r
156 12r 3a. Distributive Property
12
6 12 3b. Add 12 to each side.
13 6 r 3c. Divide each side by 3.
13 r is the same as r 13. 4. 4y 23 6 19
Check: Substitute 13, a number less than 4y 23 23 6 19 23
13, and a number greater than 13. 4y 6 42
Let r 13. Let r 20. Let r 10. 4y
7
42
? ? ? 4 4
156 6 12(13) 156 6 12(20) 156 6 12(10)
156 156 156 240 156 6 120 ✓
y 7 10.5
The solution set is {r|r 13}. Check: Substitute 10.5, a number less than
2 1
10.5, and a number greater than
10. 5w 2 10.5.
152 2125w2 152 2112 2 Let y 10.5. Let y 20.
? ?
5 4(10.5) 23 6 19 4(20) 23 6 19
w4
? ?
5 5 42 23 6 19 80 23 6 19
Check: Substitute 4, a number less than 4, and
5 19 19 57 19
a number greater than 4.
Let y 1.
5
Let w 4. Let w 0. Let w 5. ?
1 2 12
4(1)23 6 19
2 5 ? 2 ? 1 2 ? 1 ?
5 4
5 (0) 2 5 (5) 2 4 23 6 19
2
1
2 ✓
1
0 2
1 1
2 2 ✓ 27 6 19 ✓
5 6
The solution set is {y|y 10.5}.
5
The solution set is w ƒ w 4 . 2
5. 3
r 9 3
2
3
r 9 9 3 9
2
Page 333 Graphing Calculator Investigation r 12
12 132 2 (12)
3
1. KEYSTROKES: Y CLEAR 6 X,T,␪,n

3 2
2 3
r
9 2nd TEST 5 4 X,T,␪,n r 18
29 GRAPH Check: Substitute 18, a number less than
A portion of a horizontal line is shown. It is part
of the graph of y 1. Let r 18. Let r 24. Let r 3.
2 ? 2 ? 2 ?
(18) 9 3 (24) 9 3 (3) 9 3
2. For all values of x less than 2, the y value is 1. 3
?
3
?
3
?
For all values of x greater than or equal to 2, the 12 9 3 16 9 3 2 9 3
3 3 ✓ 7
3 7 3 ✓
y value is 0. That is, y 1 if x 2, and otherwise
y 0. The solution set is {r|r 18}.
3. 6x 9 6 4x 29
6x 9 4x 6 4x 29 4x
10x 9 6 29
10x 9 9 6 29 9
10x 6 20
10x 20
10
6 10
x 6 2
The solution set is {x|x 2}.
y 1 for those values of x for which the
inequality is true; y 0 for those values of x for
which the inequality is not true.
Chapter 6 260
6. 7b 11 7 9b 13 8. 3 5t 3 (t 1) 4 (2 t)
7b 11 7b 7 9b 13 7b 3 5t 3t 3 8 4t
11 7 2b 13 3 5t 7t 5
11 13 7 2b 13 13 3 5t 5t 7t 5 5t
24 7 2b 3 2t 5
24
7
2b 3 5 2t 5 5
2 2
8 2t
12 7 b 8 2t

12 b is the same as b 12. 2 2
4t
4 t is the same as t 4.
Let b 12. and a number greater than 4.
?
7(12) 11 7 9(12) 13 Let t 4.
? ?
84 11 7 108 13 3 5 (4) 3(4 1) 4 (2 4)
95 95 ?
3 20 3 (5) 4 (2)
Let b 10. ?
? 23 15 8
7(10) 11 7 9(10) 13 23 23 ✓
?
70 11 7 90 13 Let t 1.
81 7 77 ✓ ?
3 5 (1) 3(1 1) 4 (2 1)
Let b 20. ?
?
3 5 3 (2) 4 (1)
?
7(20) 11 7 9(20) 13 864
?
140 11 7 180 13 8 2
151 167 Let t 5.
The solution set is {b|b 12}. ?
3 5 (5) 3 (5 1) 4 (2 5)
7. 5(g 4) 7 3(g 4) ?
3 25 3 (6) 4 (3)
5g 20 7 3g 12 ?
28 18 12
5g 20 5g 7 3g 12 5g
28 30 ✓
20 7 8g 12
20 12 7 8g 12 12 The solution set is {t|t 4}.
8 7 8g 9. Let n the number.
8 8g two times is less three times
8
7 8 Seven minus a number than the number plus thirty-two.
1
424
3 1
424
3 1
4424
43 1
424
3 1
44424
43 123 14
424
43
1 7 g 7 2n 6 3n 32
1 g is the same as g 1.
7 2n 6 3n 32
Check: Substitute 1, a number less than 1, 7 2n 2n 6 3n 32 2n
and a number greater than 1. 7 6 5n 32
Let g 1. 7 32 6 5n 32 32
?
5(1 4) 7 3(1 4) 25 6 5n
? 25 5n
5(3) 7 3(5) 5
6 5
15 15 5 6 n
Let g 4. 5 n is the same as n 5.
?
5(4 4) 7 3(4 4) Check: Substitute 5, a number less than 5,
?
5(0) 7 3(8) and a number greater than 5.
0 7 24 ✓ Let n 5.
?
Let g 4. 7 2(5) 6 3(5) 32
? ?
5(4 4) 7 3(4 4) 7 10 6 15 32
?
5(8) 7 3(0) 17 17
40 0 Let n 10.
?
The solution set is {g|g 1}. 7 2(10) 6 3(10) 32
?
7 20 6 30 32
27 2
Let n 2.
?
7 2(2) 6 3(2) 32
?
7 4 6 6 32
3 6 38 ✓
261 Chapter 6
10. Let s the amount of sales. 17. 2

d
6 23
5
22,000 0.05s 7 35,000 d
22,000 0.05s 22,000 7 35,000 22,000 2 5
2 6 23 2
0.05s 7 13,000 d
5 6 25
1 d2
0.05s 13,000
7
0.05 0.05 (5) 5 7 (5)25
s 7 260,000
d 7 125
The salesperson would need more than $260,000
in sales to have an annual income greater than The solution set is {d|d 125}.
w
$35,000. 18. 8
13 7 6
w
8
13 13 7 6 13
w
7 7
11a. Subtract 7 from each side. w
(8) 8 7 (8)7
11b. Multiply each side by 52.
w 7 56
12a. Multiply each side by 3 and change to .
The solution set is {w|w 56}.
12b. Add 2m to each side.
19. 7q 1 2q 29
12c. Multiply each side by 1 and change to . 9q 1 29
13. 4 (t 7) 2 (t 9) Original inequality 9q 1 1 29 1
4t 28 2t 18 Distributive 9q 30
Property 9q 30

4t 28 2t 2t 18 2t Subtract 2t from 9 9
10 1
each side. q or 33
5 6
3
2t 28 18 Simplify. 1
The solution set is q|q 33 .
2t 28 28 18 28 Add 28 to each side.
2t 46 Simplify. 20. 8a 2 10a 20
2t 46 2a 2 20
Divide each side by 2.
2 2 2a 2 2 20 2
t 23 Simplify.
2a 18
The solution set is {t|t 23}. 2a
2
18
2
14. 5(k 4) 7 3 (k 4) Original a 9
inequality
The solution set is {a|a 9}.
5k 20 7 3k 12 Distributive
Property 21. 9r 15 24 10r
5k 20 5k 7 3k 12 5k Add 5k to each 9r 15 9r 24 10r 9r
side. 15 24 r
20 7 8k 12 Simplify. 15 24 24 r 24
20 12 7 8k 12 12 Add 12 to each 9 r
side. 9 r is the same as r 9.
8 7 8k Simplify. The solution set is {r|r 9}.
8
7
8k
Divide each 22. 13k 11 7 7k 37
8 8
side by 8. 13k 11 7k 7 7k 37 7k
1 7 k Simplify. 6k 11 7 37
1 k is the same as k 1. The solution set is 6k 11 11 7 37 11
{k|k 1}. 6k 7 48
6k 48
Exercises 15–32 For checks, see students’ work. 6
7 6
15. 3t 6 3 k 7 8
3t 6 6 3 6 The solution set is {k|k 8}.
3t 9 2v 3
3t 9
23. 5
7
3
3 2v 3
(5) 5 (5)7
t3
The solution set is {t|t 3}. 2v 3 35
16. 5 8f 7 59 2v 3 3 35 3
5 8f 5 7 59 5 2v 38
2v 38
8f 7 64 2
2
8f 64
8
6 8
v 19
f 6 8 The solution set is {v|v 19}.
The solution set is {f|f 8}.
Chapter 6 262
3a 8 Since the inequality results in a statement that is

24. 2
6 10
3a 8
always true, the solution set is {b|b is a real
(2) 2 6 (2)10 number.}.
3a 8 6 20 31. 3.1v 1.4 1.3v 6.7
3a 8 8 6 20 8 3.1v 1.4 1.3v 1.3v 6.7 1.3v
3a 6 12 1.8v 1.4 6.7
3a
6
12 1.8v 1.4 1.4 6.7 1.4
3 3
1.8v 8.1
a 6 4 1.8v 8.1
1.8
The solution set is {a|a 4}. 1.8
3w 5 v 4.5
25. 2w
4
The solution set is {v|v 4.5}.
3w 5
(4) 4 (4)2w 32. 0.3(d 2) 0.8d 7 4.4
3w 5 8w 0.3d 0.6 0.8d 7 4.4
3w 5 3w 8w 3w 0.5d 0.6 7 4.4
5 5w 0.5d 0.6 0.6 7 4.4 0.6
5 5w 0.5d 7 5
5
5 0.5d 5
1w 0.5
6 0.5
1 w is the same as w 1. d 6 10

The solution set is {w|w 1}. The solution set is {d|d 10}.
5b 8 33. 4(y 1) 3(y 5) 3(y 1)
26. 6 3b
3 4y 4 3y 15 3y 3
5b 8
(3) 3 6 (3)3b y 19 3y 3
5b 8 6 9b y 19 y 3y 3 y
5b 8 5b 6 9b 5b 19 2y 3
8 6 4b 19 3 2y 3 3
8 4b
22 2y
4
6 4 22 2y
2
2
2 6 b
11 y
2 b is the same as b 2.
11 y is the same as y 11.
The solution set is {b|b 2}.
The solution set is { y|y 11}.
27. 7 3t 2(t 3) 2(1 t)
7 3t 2t 6 2 2t
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
7 3t 4t 8
7 3t 3t 4t 8 3t 34. 5(x 4) 2(x 6) 5(x 1) 1
7t8 5x 20 2x 12 5x 5 1
78t88 3x 8 5x 4
1 t 3x 8 3x 5x 4 3x
1 t is the same as t 1. 8 2x 4
8 4 2x 4 4
4 2x
28. 5(2h 6) 7(h 7) 4h 4 2x
10h 30 7h 49 4h 2
2
3h 79 4h 2x
3h 79 3h 4h 3h 2 x is the same as x 2.
79 h The solution set is {x|x 2}.
79 h is the same as h 79.
The solution set is {h|h 79}. 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
29. 3y 4 2(y 3) y Exercises 35–38 For checks, see students’ work.
3y 4 2y 6 y
3y 4 3y 6 1
3y 4 3y 3y 6 3y 8
n 5 30
46 1
n 5 5 30 5
8
Since the inequality results in a false statement, 1
the solution set is the empty set . 8
n 35
1
30. 3 3(b 2) 6 13 3(b 6) (8) 8n (8)35
3 3b 6 6 13 3b 18
n 280
3b 9 6 3b 31
3b 9 3b 6 3b 31 3b The solution set is {n|n 280}.
9 6 31
263 Chapter 6
36. Let n the number. 44.

5(F 32)
6 38
12 195 2 (38)
9
2
3
n 8 7 12 9 5(F 32)
5 9
6
2
3
n 8 8 7 12 8 F 32 6 68.4
2
n 7 4 F 32 32 6 68.4 32
12 132 24
3
F 6 36.4
3 2
2 3
n 7 Mercury is a solid for temperatures less than
n 7 6 36.4°F.
The solution set is {n ƒ n 7 6}. 45. Let w the number of weeks Keith should stay
37. Let n the number. on the diet.
4n 9 n 21 200 2w 6 175
4n 9 n n 21 n 200 2w 200 6 175 200
5n 9 21 2w 6 25
2w 25
5n 9 9 21 9 2
7 2
5n 30 25 1
5n 30
w 7 2
or 122
5
5 Keith should stay on the diet for more than
n6 1
122 weeks.
The solution is {n ƒ n 6}. 46. Sample answers: 2x 5 2x 3; 2x 5 2x 3
38. Let n the number. 47. Let t the number of toppings Nicholas can order.
3(n 7) 7 5n 13 7.50 1.25t 0.15(7.50 1.25t) 13.00
3n 21 7 5n 13 7.50 1.25t 1.125 0.1875t 13.00
3n 21 3n 7 5n 13 3n 1.4375t 8.625 13.00
21 7 2n 13 1.4375t 8.625 8.625 13.00 8.625
21 13 7 2n 13 13 1.4375t 4.375
34 7 2n 1.4375t 4.375
34 2n 1.4375
1.4375
7
2 2 t 3.0
17 7 n (to the nearest tenth)
17 n is the same as n 17. Nicholas can order 3 or fewer toppings.
The solution set is {n ƒ n 6 17}. 48. Let w the number of weeks the worker could
39. 3a 15 6 90 strike.
40. 3a 15 6 90 [500 0.04(500) ] (52 w) (500)52
3a 15 15 6 90 15 (500 20)(52 w) 26,000
3a 6 105 520(52 w) 26,000
3a
6
105 27,040 520w 26,000
3 3
27,040 520w 27,040 26,000 27,040
a 6 35 520w 1040
The solution set is {a ƒ a 6 35}. 520w 1040
520
520
91 95 88 s
41. 4
92 w2
91 95 88 s
42. 4
92 The union worker can strike for no more than
274 s 2 weeks.
92
4 49. Let w the number of weeks the worker could
274 s
(4) 4 (4)92 strike.
274 s 368 [600 0.04(600) ] (52 w) (600)52
274 s 274 368 274 (600 24)(52 w) 31,200
s 94 624(52 w) 31,200
32,448 624w 31,200
To earn an A in math, Carmen must score at least
32,448 624w 32,448 31,200 32,448
94 on the test.
624w 1248
43. Mercury is a solid until it reaches its melting 624w 1248
point at 38°C. 624
624
5(F 32) w2
9
6 38
The number of weeks the worker can strike does
not change if the worker makes $600 per week.
Chapter 6 264
50. Let w the number of weeks the worker could 55. C; 4t 2 6 8t (6t 10)
strike. 4t 2 6 8t 6t 10
150w [500 0.04(500) ] (52 w) (500)52 4t 2 6 2t 10
150w (500 20)(52 w) 26,000 4t 2 2t 6 2t 10 2t
150w 520(52 w) 26,000 2t 2 6 10
150w 27,040 520w 26,000 2t 2 2 6 10 2
370w 27,040 26,000 2t 6 8
370w 27,040 27,040 26,000 2t
6
8
2 2
27,040
t 6 4
370w 1040

370w
1040 The solution set is {t|t 4}.
370
370
56. KEYSTROKES: CLEAR 3 X,T,␪,n
w 2.8
(to the nearest tenth) 7 2nd TEST 3 4 X,T,␪,n
The union worker can strike for up to 2.8 weeks. 9 GRAPH
51. Let n the first positive odd integer. y 1 for those values of x for which the
Then n 2 represents the next consecutive inequality is true. Since y 1 for values of x less
positive odd integer. than 2, the solution set is {x|x 2}.
n 1n 22 18 57. KEYSTROKES: CLEAR 13 X,T,␪,n
2n 2 18
11 2nd TEST 6 7 X,T,␪,n
2n 2 2 18 2
2n 16 37 GRAPH
2n 16
2
2
inequality is true. Since y 1 for values of x less
n8
than or equal to 8, the solution set is {x|x 8}.
The positive odd integers less than or equal to 8
are 1, 3, 5, and 7. So the pairs of consecutive 58. KEYSTROKES: CLEAR 2 ( X,T,␪,n
positive odd integers whose sum is no greater 3 ) 2nd TEST 5 3 ( 2 X,T,␪,n
than 18 are 1 and 3, 3 and 5, 5 and 7, 7 and 9.
52. Let n the first positive even integer. 2 ) GRAPH
Then n 2 and n 4 represent the next two y 1 for those values of x for which the
consecutive positive even integers, respectively. inequality is true. Since y 1 for values of x
greater than 3, the solution set is {x|x 3}.
n (n 2) (n 4) 6 40
3n 6 6 40
3n 6 6 6 40 6
3n 6 34 Page 337 Maintain Your Skills
3n
6 3
34 59. Let m the number of miles Mrs. Ludlow can
3
drive.
34 1
n 6 3
or 113 0.12m 50
1 0.12m 50
The positive even integers less than 113 are 2, 4, 0.12
0.12
6, 8, and 10. So the sets of three consecutive 2
positive even integers whose sum is less than 40 m 4163
are 2, 4, and 6; 4, 6, and 8; 6, 8, and 10; 8, 10, and If Mrs. Ludlow is charged $0.12 per mile or any
12; 10, 12, and 14. part of one mile, she can travel up to 416 mi
53. Inequalities can be used to describe the without going over her budget.
temperatures for which an element is a gas or a Exercises 60–62 For checks, see students’ work.
solid. Answers should include the following. 60. d 13 22
• The inequality for temperatures in degrees d 13 13 22 13
Celsius for which bromine is a gas is d9
9
5
C 32 7 138. The solution set is {d|d 9}.
• Sample answer: Scientists may use
inequalities to describe the temperatures for 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
which an element is a solid. 61. t5 6 3
y 5 t55 6 35
54. D; To solve 9 13, first eliminate fractions by
multiplying both sides of the inequality by 9. t 6 8
The solution set is {t|t < 8}.
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
265 Chapter 6
62. 4 7 y7 69. First rewrite the equation so that the variables
47 7 y77 are on one side of the equation.
3 7 y 4x 7 2y
3 y is the same as y 3. 4x 2y 7 2y 2y
The solution set is {y|y 3}. 4x 2y 7
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 B 2, and C 7. This is a linear equation.
63. y y1 m(x x1) 70. Since the term 2x2 has an exponent of 2, the
y (3) 2(x 1) equation cannot be written in the form Ax By
y 3 2x 2 C. Therefore, this is not a linear equation.
y 3 3 2x 2 3 71. The equation can be written as x 0y 12.
y 2x 5 Therefore, it is a linear equation in standard form
y 2x 2x 5 2x where A 1, B 0, and C 12.
2x y 5 72. 21x 22 3x 14x 52
(1)(2x y) (1)(5) 2x 4 3x 4x 5
2x y 5 2x 4 x 5
The standard form of the equation is 2x y 5. 2x 4 x x 5 x
The point-slope form of the equation is 3x 4 5
y 3 2(x 1). 3x 4 4 5 4
3x 9
64. y y m(x x )
1 1 3x 9
2 3
y (1) 3 x (2) 3
2
x3
y 1 3 (x 2)
1 22
Check: 2(x 2) 3x (4x 5)
?
3(y 1) 3 3 (x 2) 2(3 2) 3(3) [ 4(3) 5]
?
3y 3 2(x 2) 2(1) 9 (12 5)
?
3y 3 2x 4 297
3y 3 3 2x 4 3 22✓
3y 2x 7 The solution is 3.
3y 2x 2x 7 2x 73. 5t 7 t 3
2x 3y 7 5t 7 t t 3 t
The standard form of the equation is 2x 3y 7. 4t 7 3
The point-slope form of the equation is 4t 7 7 3 7
2
y 1 3 (x 2). 4t 10
4t 10
65. y y1 m(x x1) 4
4
y 6 0(x 3) t 2.5
y60 Check: 5t 7 t 3
?
y6606 5(2.5) 7 2.5 3
y6 ?
12.5 7 5.5
The standard form of the equation is y 6. 5.5 5.5 ✓
The point-slope form of the equation is y 6 0. The solution is 2.5.
66. Let (3, 1) (x1, y1) and (4, 6) (x2, y2). 74.
y2 y1
mx x1
321 0 1 2 3 4 5
2
6 (1) 75.
4 3 321 0 1 2 3 4 5
5
1
or 5 76.
67. Let (2, 4) (x1, y1) and (1, 3) (x2, y2). 654321 0 1 2
y2 y1 77.
mx x1 321 0 1 2 3 4 5
2
3 (4) 78.
1 (2)
7 4321 0 1 2 3 4
3 79.
68. Let (0, 3) (x1, y1) and ( 2, 5) (x2, y2). 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
y2 y1
mx 80.
x1
2
54321 0 1 2 3
5 3
2 0 81.
8 54321 0 1 2 3
2
or 4
Chapter 6 266
82. 12. For a compound statement connected by the word

21 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 and to be true, both simple statements must be
true. Since it is not true that 0 3, the compound
statement is false.
Page 338 Reading Mathematics
1. For a compound statement connected by the word
or to be true, at least one of the simple 6-4 Solving Compound Inequalities
statements must be true. Since it is true that a
hexagon has six sides, the compound statement is
true. Page 341 Check for Understanding
2. For a compound statement connected by the word 1. A compound inequality containing and is true if
and to be true, both simple statements must be and only if both inequalities are true. A compound
true. It is false that a pentagon has six sides; it inequality containing or is true if and only if one
has five. Thus, the compound statement is false. of the inequalities is true.
3. For a compound statement connected by the word 2. 7 t 12
and to be true, both simple statements must be 3. Sample answer: x 2 and x 3
true. It is true that a pentagon has five sides. It is
4. Graph a 6.
also true that a hexagon has six sides. Thus, the
compound statement is true. Graph a 2.
4. For a compound statement connected by the word Find the intersection.
or to be true, at least one of the simple
statements must be true. It is true that an –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
octagon does not have seven sides; it has eight.
Thus, the compound statement is true. –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
statements must be true. In this case, it is not –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
true that a pentagon has three sides; it has five.
It is also not true that an octagon has ten sides; it 5. Graph y 12.
has eight. Since neither simple statement is true, Graph y 9.
the compound statement is false. Find the union.
or to be true, at least one of the simple 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
statements must be true. Since it is true that a
square has four sides, the compound statement is
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
true.
or to be true, at least one of the simple 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
statements must be true. In this case, it is not
true that 5 4. It is also not true that 8 6. 6. 3 6 x 1
Since neither simple statement is true, the 7. x 1 or x 5
compound statement is false. 8. 6 6 w3 and w 3 6 11
8. For a compound statement connected by the word 63 6 w33 w 3 3 6 11 3
and to be true, both simple statements must be 3 6 w w 6 8
true. Since it is not true that 1 0, the The solution set is the intersection of the two
compound statement is false. graphs.
9. For a compound statement connected by the word Graph 3 w or w 3.
and to be true, both simple statements must be Graph w 8.
true. In this case, it is true that 4 0. It is also
Find the intersection.
true that 4 0. Thus, the compound statement
is true.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
statements must be true. Since it is true that 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0 0, the compound statement is true.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
statements must be true. It is true that 1 4. The solution set is 5w|3 6 w 6 86.
Thus, the compound statement is true.
267 Chapter 6
9. n 7 5 or n71 12. Let n the number.

n 7 7 5 7 n7717 5 6 3n 7 6 17
n2 n8
First express 5 3n 7 17 using and. Then
The solution set is the union of the two graphs. solve each inequality.
Graph n 2. 5 6 3n 7 and 3n 7 6 17
Graph n 8. 5 7 6 3n 7 7 3n 7 7 6 17 7
Find the union. 12 6 3n 3n 6 24
12 3n 3n 24
3
6 3 3
6 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
4 6 n n 6 8
The solution set is the intersection of 4 n and
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 n 8.
The solution set is 5n|4 6 n 6 86.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 13. If forces are between 20 and 30 lb, inclusive, then
20 F 30.
The solution set is {n|n 2 or n 8}. Since F 4.5x, 20 4.5x 30.
10. 3z 1 6 13 or z1 Express 20 4.5x 30 using and. Then solve
3z 1 1 6 13 1 each inequality.
3z 6 12 20 4.5x and 4.5x 30
3z 12
20 4.5x 4.5x 30
3
6 3
4.5
4.5 4.5
4.5
z 6 4 4.4 x x 6.6
The solution set is the union of the two graphs. The lengths of the stretched spring will be
Graph z 4. between about 4.44 and 6.67 in., inclusive, (to the
Graph z 1. nearest hundredth).
Find the union.
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pages 342–343 Practice and Apply

14. Graph x 5.
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Graph x 9.
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Notice that the graph of z 4 contains every

point in the graph of z 1. So, the union is the 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
graph of z 4. The solution set is 5z|z 6 46.
11. 8 6 x 4 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
First express 8 x 4 3 using and. Then
solve each inequality. 15. Graph s 7.
8 6 x 4 and x 4 3 Graph s 0.
8 4 6 x 4 4 x 4 4 3 4
4 6 x x1
The solution set is the intersection of the two –10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0
graphs.
Graph 4 x or x 4.
–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0
Graph x 1.
–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
The solution set is {x|4 6 x 1}.
Chapter 6 268
16. Graph r 6. 28. k 2 7 12 and k 2 18

Graph r 6. k 2 2 7 12 2 k 2 2 18 2
Find the union. k 7 10 k 16
The solution set is the intersection of the two
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 graphs.
Graph k 10.
Graph k 16.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
17. Graph m 4.

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Graph m 6.
Find the union.
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10
The solution set is 5k|10 6 k 166.
29. f83 and f 9 4
–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10
f8838 f 9 9 4 9
f 5 f 13
–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10 The solution set is the intersection of the two
graphs.
18. First express 7 d 11 using and. Graph f 5.
7 6 d and d 6 11 Graph f 13.
Graph 7 6 d or d 7 7. Find the intersection.
Graph d 11.
Find the intersection. –14 –13 –12 –11 –10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
–14 –13 –12 –11 –10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
–14 –13 –12 –11 –10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The solution set is 5f|13 f 56.

30. d4 7 3 or d41
19. First express 1 g 3 using and. d44 7 34 d4414
1 g and g 6 3 d 7 7 d5
Graph 1 g or g 1. The solution set is the union of the two graphs.
Graph g 3. Graph d 7.
Find the intersection. Graph d 5.
Find the union.
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
20. 2 x 2
21. 7 6 x 6 3 The solution set is {d|d 5 or d 7 7}.
22. x 12 or x 7 15
23. x 7 or x 6
24. x 0 or x 4
25. x 2 or x 7 5
26. 158 w 206
27. t 18 or t 22
269 Chapter 6
31. h 10 6 21 or h3 6 2 34. 3t 7 5 and 2t 6 12

h 10 10 6 21 10 h33 6 23 3t 7 7 5 7 2t 6 6 12 6
h 6 11 h 6 1 3t 12 2t 6
The solution set is the union of the two graphs. 3t 12 2t 6
3
3 2
2
Graph h 11. t4 t3
Graph h 1. The solution set is the intersection of the two
Find the union. graphs.
Graph t 4.
–16 –14 –12 –10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4
Graph t 3.
–16 –14 –12 –10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
–16 –14 –12 –10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4

–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Notice that the graph of h 1 contains every
point in the graph of h 11. So, the union is the
graph of h 1. The solution set is 5h|h 6 16. –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
32. First express 3 2x 3 15 using and.
Since the graphs do not intersect, the solution set
3 6 2x 3 and 2x 3 6 15 is the empty set .
3 3 6 2x 3 3 2x 3 3 6 15 3
35. 8 7 5 3q and 5 3q 7 13
6 6 2x 2x 6 18
6 2x 2x 18
8 5 7 5 3q 5 5 3q 5 7 13 5
2
6 2 2
6 2 3 7 3q 3q 7 18
3 6 x x 6 9 3 3q 3q 18
3
6 3 3
6 3
The solution set is the intersection of the two 1 6 q q 6 6
graphs.
Graph 3 x or x 3. graphs.
Graph x 9. Graph 1 q or q 1.
Find the intersection. Graph q 6.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
The solution set is 5x|3 6 x 6 96. –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
33. First express 4 2y 2 10 using and. The solution set is 5q|1 6 q 6 66.
4 6 2y 2 and 2y 2 6 10 36. 1 x 3 or x 4
4 2 6 2y 2 2 2y 2 2 6 10 2 1 x 1 3 1 (1) (x) (1) (4)
6 6 2y 2y 6 12 x4 x4
6 2y 2y 12
2
6 2 2
6 2 The solution set is the union of the two graphs.
3 6 y y 6 6 Graph x 4.
The solution set is the intersection of the two Graph x 4.
graphs. Find the union.
Graph 3 y or y 3.
Graph y 6. –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
The solution set is 5x|x is a real number.6.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
The solution set is 5y|3 6 y 6 66.
Chapter 6 270
37. 3n 11 13 or 3n 12 Graph g 3.

3n 12 Graph 12 g or g 12.
3n 11 11 13 11 3
3
3n 2 n4 Find the intersection.
3n 2
3
3 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
2
n 3
The solution set is the union of the two graphs. –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
2
Graph n 3.
Graph n 4. –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Find the union.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
is the empty set .
40. 4c 6 2c 10 or 3c 6 12
3c 12
4c 2c 6 2c 10 2c 3
7 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2c 6 10 c 7 4
2c 10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2
6 2
c 6 5
Notice that the graph of n 4 contains every The solution set is the union of the two graphs.
2
point in the graph of n 3. So, the union is the Graph c 5.
graph of n 4. The solution set is 5n|n 46.
Graph c 4.
38. First express 2p 2 4p 8 3p 3 using
Find the union.
and.
2p 2 4p 8 and 4p 8 3p 3
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
2p 2 2p 4p 8 2p 4p 8 3p 3p 3 3p
2 2p 8 p 8 3
2 8 2p 8 8 p 8 8 3 8 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
6 2p p5
6 2p
2
2 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
3p
The solution set is the intersection of the two The solution set is {c|c 6 5 or c 7 4}.
graphs. 41. 0.5b 7 6 or 3b 16 6 8 b
0.5b 6
Graph 3 p or p 3. 0.5
7 0.5
3b 16 b 6 8 b b
Graph p 5. b 7 12 2b 16 6 8
Find the intersection. 2b 16 16 6 8 16
2b 6 24
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2b 24
2
6 2
b 6 12
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 The solution set is the union of the two graphs.
Graph b 12.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Graph b 12.
Find the union.
The solution set is 5p|3 p 56.
39. First express 3g 12 6 g 3g 18 using –18 –16 –14 –12 –10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2
and.
3g 12 6 g and 6 g 3g 18
–18 –16 –14 –12 –10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2
3g 12 g 6 g g 6 g g 3g 18 g
2g 12 6 6 2g 18
2g 12 12 6 12 6 18 2g 18 18 –18 –16 –14 –12 –10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2
2g 6 24 2g
2g

6 24

2g The solution set is {b|b 6 12 or b 7 12}.
2 2 2 2
g 3 12 g
graphs.
271 Chapter 6
42. Let n the number. 47. Let p the price of a color printer.
5 n 8 14 Then p 30 represents the price of a printer
First express 5 n 8 14 using and. after a $30 rebate.
5n8 and n 8 14 If 175 p 260, then 175 p and p 260.
58n n 8 8 14 8 175 p and p 260
13 n n 22 175 30 p 30 p 30 260 30
The solution set is the intersection of 13 n and 145 p 30 p 30 230
n 22. So, 145 p 30 230.
The solution set is 5n|13 n 226. After the rebate, Luisana can expect to spend
between $145 and $230, inclusive.
48. Let s the total amount of sales needed to earn a
8 6 3n 4 6 10
prize in category D. Then s 70 represents the
First express 8 3n 4 10 using and. amount of sales Rashid still needs after selling
8 6 3n 4 and 3n 4 6 10 $70 worth of chocolates.
8 4 6 3n 4 4 3n 4 4 6 10 4 If 121 s 180, then 121 s and s 180.
12 6 3n 3n 6 6
121 s and s 180
12 3n 3n 6
3
6 3 3
6 3 121 70 s 70 s 70 180 70
4 6 n n 6 2 51 s 70 s 70 110
The solution set is the intersection of 4 n and So, 51 s 70 110.
n 2. Rashid must have additional sales between $51
The solution set is 5n|4 6 n 6 26. and $110, inclusive, to earn a category D prize.
44. Let n the number. 49a. Graph x 5 or x 8.
5n 7 35 or 5n 6 10
5n 35 5n 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
5
6 5 5
7 5
n 6 7 n 7 2
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
The solution is the union of n 7 and n 2.
The solution set is 5n|n 6 7 or n 7 26. Find the points not graphed. These values make
45. Let n the number. the given compound inequality false.
1
0 6 2n 1 So, x 5 and x 8. This compound inequality
may also be expressed as 5 x 8.
1
First express 0 6 2n 1 using and. 49b. Graph x 6 and x 1.
1 1
0 6 2n and 2
n 1
1 1 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
(2)0 6 (2) 2n (2) 2n (2)1
0 6 n n2
–1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
The solution set is the intersection of 0 n and
n 2. Find the points not graphed. These values make
The solution set is 5n|0 6 n 26. the given compound inequality false.
46. Let h the number of hours an adult sleeps. So, x 1 or x 6.
Then 0.20 h represents the number of hours an 50. Let h the number of hertz heard by humans.
adult spends in REM sleep. 20 h 20,000
If 7 h 8 then 7 h and h 8. Let d the number of hertz heard by dogs.
7h and h8 15 d 50,000
(0.20)7 (0.20)h (0.20)h (0.20)8 51. Graph 20 h 20,000
1.4 0.20h 0.20h 1.6
Graph 15 h 50,000.
So, 1.4 0.20h 1.6.
An adult spends between 1.4 and 1.6 h, inclusive,
in REM sleep.
20 20,000
15 50,000
Find the union. Notice that the graph of
15 h 50,000 contains every point in the
graph of 20 h 20,000. So, the union is the
graph of 15 h 50,000.
Find the intersection. The two graphs intersect for
values of x between 20 and 20,000, inclusive. So,
the intersection is the graph of 20 h 20,000.
Chapter 6 272
52. Of the number of hertz a dog can hear, humans Page 344 Maintain Your Skills
cannot hear sounds between 15 and 20 hertz, 58. Let r the amount the school must raise from
including 15 hertz, or sounds between 20,000 and other sources. The 0.40 r represents the amount
50,000 hertz, including 50,000 hertz. So, promised by the corporation.
15 h 20 or 20,000 h 50,000. r 0.40r 800,000
53. Let a the altitude in miles. 1.40r 800,000
Sample answers: troposphere: a 10 1.40r

800,000
1.40 1.40
stratosphere: 10 a 30
r 571,428.57 (to the nearest hundredth)
mesosphere: 30 a 50
The school must raise at least $571,428.57 from
thermosphere: 50 a 400 other sources.
exosphere: a 400 Examples 59–62 For checks, see students’ work.
54. The tax table gives intervals of income and how 59. 18d 90
much a taxpayer with taxable income in each 18d 90
interval must pay in taxes. Each interval can be 18
18
expressed as compound inequalities. Answers d5
should include the following. The solution set is {d|d 5}.
• The incomes are in $50 intervals. 60. 7v 6 91
• 41,100 x 41,150 represents the possible 7v 91
7
7 7
incomes of a head of a household paying $7024
in taxes. v 7 13
55. A; Let c the number of cups of cooked tomatoes The solution set is {v|v 13}.
c t
made from ten lb of fresh tomatoes. Then 10 61. 6 13
13
represents the number of cups of cooked tomatoes t
made from one lb of fresh tomatoes. (13) 13 6 (13)13
If 10 c 15, then 10 c and c 15. t 6 169
10 6 c and c 6 15 The solution set is {t|t 169}.
10 c c 15 3
62. 8b 7 9
183 2138b2 6 183 29

10
6 10 10
6 10
c c 3 1
1 6 10 10
6 2
or 12
So, 1 6
c 1
6 12. b 6 24
10
1 The solution set is {b|b 24}.
Between 1 and cups of cooked tomatoes are
12
made from one lb of fresh tomatoes. 63. Write a direct variation equation that relates
x and y. Find the value of k.
56. B; First express 7 x 2 4 using and.
y kx
7 6 x 2 and x2 6 4 8 k(3)
7 2 6 x 2 2 x22 6 42 8 k(3)
9 6 x x 6 2 3
3
8
The solution set is 9 x and x 2, which can 3
k
be expressed as 9 x 2. 8
Therefore, y 3x.
57a. KEYSTROKES: CLEAR X,T,␪,n 4
Use the direct variation equation to find x
2nd TEST 5 2 2nd TEST 2 when y 6.
X,T,␪,n 4 2nd TEST 3 3 8
y 3x
GRAPH 8
6 3x
138 2 6 138 2 83 x
compound inequality is true.
Since y 1 for values of x that are either less 9
x
4
than 6 or greater than 1, the solution set is 9
{x|x 6 or x 1}. Therefore, x 4 or 2.25 when y 6.
57b. KEYSTROKES: CLEAR X,T,␪,n 3

2nd TEST 6 5 2nd TEST 1
X,T,␪,n 6 2nd TEST 4 4 GRAPH
compound inequality is true.
Since y 1 for values of x between 2 and 8,
inclusive, the solution set is {x|2 x 8}.
273 Chapter 6
64. Write a direct variation equation that relates x 76. 3.5 is three and one-half units from zero in the
and y. Find the value of k. negative direction. |3.5| 3.5
y kx 77. |12 6| |6|
2.5 k(0.5) 6 is six units from zero in the positive direction.
2.5 k(0.5)
0.5
0.5
|12 6| |6| 6
5k 78. |5 9| |4|
Therefore, y 5x. 4 is four units from zero in the negative
Use the direct variation equation to find y direction.
when x 20. |5 9| |4| 4
y 5x 79. |20 21| |1|
y 5(20) 1 is one unit from zero in the negative direction.
y 100 |20 21| |1| 1
Therefore, y 100 when x 20. 80. |3 18| |15|
65. The relation, as a set of ordered pairs, is {(6, 0), 15 is fifteen units from zero in the negative
(3, 5), (2, 2), (3, 3)}. direction.
The domain of this relation is {3, 2, 6}. |3 18| |15| 15
The range is {2, 0, 3, 5}.
Exchange x and y in each ordered pair to write
the inverse relation. The inverse of this relation is Page 344 Practice Quiz 2
{(0, 6), (5, 3), (2, 2), (3,3)}. 1. 5 4b 7 23
66. The relation, as a set of ordered pairs, is {(5, 2), 5 4b 5 7 23 5
(3, 1), (2, 2), (1, 7)}. 4b 7 28
The domain of this relation is {3, 1, 2, 5}. 4b 28
4
6 4
The range is {1, 2, 7}. b 6 7
Exchange x and y in each ordered pair to write Check: Substitute 7, a number less than 7,
the inverse relation. The inverse of this relation is and a number greater than 7.
{(2, 5), (1, 3), (2, 2), (7, 1)}.
Let b 7. Let b 1.
67. The relation, as a set of ordered pairs, is {(3, 4), ? ?
5 4(7) 7 23 5 4(1) 7 23
(3, 2), (2, 9), (5, 4), (5, 8), (7, 2)}. ? ?
5 28 7 23 5 4 7 23
The domain of this relation is {7, 2, 3, 5}.
23
23 1 7 23 ✓
The range is {2, 4, 8, 9}.
Let b 10.
Exchange x and y in each ordered pair to write ?
the inverse relation. The inverse of this relation is 5 4(10) 7 23
?
{(4, 3), (2, 3), (9, 2), (4, 5), (8, 5), (2, 7)}. 5 40 7 23
68. There are 6 possible outcomes, 4 are successes 35
23
and 2 are failures. The solution set is {b|b 7}.
1
So, the odds of rolling a number greater than 2 2. 2
n 3 5
4 2
are 2 or 1 or 2:1. 1
2
n 3 3 5 3
69. There are 6 possible outcomes, 5 are successes 1
and 1 is a failure. 2
n 8
1
So, the odds of rolling a number that is not a 3 (2) 2n (2) (8)
5
are 1 or 5:1.
1 22
n 16
5 10 1
70. 6 5 30 or 3 Check: Substitute 16, a number less than
71. 100(4.7) 470 16, and a number greater than 16.
1 2134 2 12 134 2

7 6
Let n 16. Let n 20.
72. 12 1 ? 1 ?
7
2
(16) 3 5 2
(20) 3 5
3
? ?
8 8 3 5 10 3 5
73. 7 is seven units from zero in the negative 5 5 ✓ 7 5
direction. |7| 7 Let n 0.
74. 10 is ten units from zero in the positive direction. 1 ?
(0) 3 5
|10| 10 2
?
75. 1 is one unit from zero in the negative direction. 0 3 5
|1| 1 3 5 ✓
Chapter 6 274
3. 3(t 6) 6 9 6. a 6
2a 15
3
3t 18 6 9 2a 15
3t 18 18 6 9 18 (3)a 6 (3) 3
3t 6 9 3a 6 2a 15
3t
6
9 3a 2a 6 2a 15 2a
3 3
a 6 15
t 6 3
Check: Substitute 3, a number less than 3, 15, and a number greater than 15.
Let a 15. Let a 18.
Let t 3. Let t 10. ? 2(15) 15 ? 2(18) 15
? ? 15 6 18 6
3(3 6) 6 9 3(10 6) 6 9 3 3
? ? ? 30 15 ? 36 15
3(3) 6 9 3(4) 6 9 15 6 3
18 6 3
99 12 6 9✓ ? 45 ? 51
15 6 3 18 6 3
Let t 4.
? 15 15 18 6 17 ✓
3(4 6) 6 9
?
3(10) 6 9 Let a 12.
? 2(12) 15
30 9 12 6 3
The solution set is {t|t 3}. 12
? 24 15
6 3
4. 9x 2 7 20 ? 39
9x 2 2 7 20 2 12 6 3
9x 7 18 12 13
9x
7
18 The solution set is {a|a 15}.
9 9
x 7 2 7. x2 6 7 and x2 7 5
x22 6 72 x22 7 52
x 6 9 x 7 3
Let x 2. Let x 3.
? ? graphs.
9(2) 2 7 20 9(3) 2 7 20
? ? Graph x 9.
18 2 7 20 27 2 7 20
Graph x 3.
20
20 25
20
Let x 5.
?
9(5) 2 7 20 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
?
45 2 7 20
47 7 20 ✓
The solution set is {x|x 2}. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5. 2m 5 4m 1
2m 5 2m 4m 1 2m 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5 2m 1
5 1 2m 1 1 The solution set is {x|3 x 9}.
6 2m 8. 2b 5 1 or b 4 4
6

2m 2b 5 5 1 5 b 4 4 4 4
2 2
2b 6 b0
3m
2b 6
3 m is the same as m 3. 2
2
Check: Substitute 3, a number less than 3, b 3

and a number greater than 3. The solution set is the union of the two graphs.
Let m 3. Let m 1. Graph b 3.
? ?
2(3) 5 4(3) 1 2(1) 5 4(1) 1 Graph b 0.
? ?
6 5 12 1 2541 Find the union.
11 11 ✓ 73
Let m 6. –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
?
2(6) 5 4(6) 1
?
12 5 24 1 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
17 23 ✓
The solution set is {m|m 3}.
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
The solution set is {b|b 3 or b 0}.
275 Chapter 6
9. 4m 5 7 7 or 4m 5 6 9 So, the absolute error is less than 6 sec when the

4m 5 5 7 7 5 4m 5 5 6 9 5 student’s estimated time is greater than 54 s and
4m 7 12 4m 6 4 less than 66 s.
4m 12 4m 4 5. See students’ work.
4
7 4 4
6 4
m 7 3 m 6 1
The solution set is the union of the two graphs.
6-5 Solving Open Sentences
Graph m 3.
Graph m 1.
Involving Absolute Value
Find the union.
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 1. |x 2| 6 means that the distance between x
and 2 is greater than 6 units.
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 |x 2| 6 means that the distance between x
and 2 is less than 6 units.
The solution of |x 2| 6 includes all values
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 that are less than 4 or greater than 8. The
solution of |x 2| 6 includes all values that
The solution set is {m|m 1 or m 3}.
are greater than 4 and less than 8.
10. a4 6 1 or a2 7 1
2. Sample answer: |x| 2
a44 6 14 a22 7 12
a 6 5 a 7 1
5 432 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
The solution set is the intersection of the two graphs.
Graph a 5. 3. Leslie is correct. You need to consider the case
when the value inside the absolute value symbols
Graph a 1.
is positive and the case when the value inside the
Find the intersection. absolute value symbols is negative. So x 3 2
or x 3 2.
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4. a; Write |k| 3 as k 3 and k 3. The
solution set is {k| 3 k 3}.
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 The graph of this solution set is graph a.
5. c; Write |x 4| 2 as x 4 2 or x 4 2.
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Case 1: Case 2:
x4 7 2 x 4 6 2
The solution set is {a|1 a 5}. x44 7 24 x 4 4 6 2 4
x 7 6 x 6 2
Page 347 Algebra Activity The solution set is {x|x 2 or x 6}. The graph
1. See students’ work. of this solution set is graph c.
2. A negative error indicates that the time guessed 6. The difference between the guess and the actual
was less than 1 min. A positive error indicates number, 832, is within 46. This statement can be
that the time guessed was more than 1 min. expressed as |g 832| 46, where g represents
3. If the absolute error is 6, then the error is either Amanda’s guess.
6 or 6. 7. Write |r 3| 10 as r 3 10 or r 3 10.
Let t the student’s time. Then t 60 represents Case 1: Case 2:
the error. r 3 10 r 3 10
So, either t 60 6 or t 60 6. r 3 3 10 3 r 3 3 10 3
t 60 6 or t 60 6 r7 r 13
t 60 60 6 60 t 60 60 6 60 The solution set is {13, 7}.
t 66 t 54
If the absolute error is 6, the student’s estimated 1412108642 0 2 4 6 8
time is 54 s or 66 s. 8. Write |c 2| 6 as c 2 6 and c 2 6.
4. Let t the student’s estimated time. If the error Case 1: Case 2:
is represented by t 60, then the absolute error c2 6 6 c 2 7 6
is represented by |t 60|. The absolute error is c22 6 62 c 2 2 7 6 2
less than 6 sec when |t 60| 6. c 6 8 c 7 4
Write |t 60| 6 as t 60 6 and t 60 6.
The solution set is {c|4 c 8}.
Case 1: Case 2:
t 60 6 6 t 60 7 6 10864 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
t 60 60 6 6 60 t 60 60 7 6 60
t 6 66 t 7 54
Chapter 6 276
9. Write |10 w| 15 as 10 w 15 or Pages 349–351 Practice and Apply

10 w 15. 14. c; Write |x 5| 3 as x 5 3 and x 5 3.
Case 1: Case 2: Case 1: Case 2:
10 w 7 15 10 w 6 15
x53 x 5 3
10 w 10 7 15 10 10 w 10 6 15 10
x5535 x 5 5 3 5
w 7 5 w 6 25
x 2 x 8
(1) (w) 6 (1)5 (1)(w) 6 (1)(25)
The solution set is {x|8 x 2}. The graph of
w 6 5 w 7 25
this solution set is graph c.
The solution set is {w|w 5 or w 25}.
15. f; Write |x 4| 4 as x 4 4 or x 4 4.
Case 1: Case 2:
15105 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
x4 7 4 x 4 6 4
10. Write |2g 5| 7 as 2g 5 7 or 2g 5 7.
x44 7 44 x 4 4 6 4 4
Case 1: Case 2: x 7 8 x 6 0
2g 5 7 2g 5 7 The solution set is {x|x 0 or x 8}. The graph
2g 5 5 7 5 2g 5 5 7 5 of this solution set is graph f.
2g 2 2g 12
16. a; write |2x 8| 6 as 2x 8 6 or
2g 2 2g 12
2
2 2
2 2x 8 6.
g1 g 6 Case 1: Case 2:
The solution set is {g|g 6 or g 1}. 2x 8 6 2x 8 6
2x 8 8 6 8 2x 8 8 6 8
8 765 4 321 0 1 2 2x 14 2x 2
2x 14 2x 2
11. Find the point that is the same distance from 2 2
2 2
2
as the distance from 4. The midpoint between 2 x7 x1
and 4 is 1. The solution set is {1, 7}. The graph of this
3 units 3 units solution set is graph a.
17. b; Write |x 3| 1 as x 3 1 or x 3 1.
Case 1: Case 2:
x 3 1 x31
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x 3 3 1 3 x3313
x 4 x 2
So, an open sentence is |x 1| 3.
The solution set is {x|x is a real number.}. The
12. Find the point that is the same distance from 4 as
graph of this solution set is graph b.
the distance from 12. The midpoint between 4 and
12 is 8. 18. e; Write |x| 2 as x 2 and x 2.
The solution set is {x| 2 x 2}. The graph of
4 units 4 units
this solution set is graph e.
19. d; Write |8 x| 2 as 8 x 2 or 8 x 2.
Case 1: Case 2:
8x2 8 x 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 8x828 8 x 8 2 8
The distance from 8 to any point on the graph is x 6 x 10
greater than 4 units. (1)(x) (1) (6) (1) (x) (1) (10)
So, an open sentence is |x 8| 4. x6 x 10
13. The difference between the actual diameter and The solution set is {6, 10}. The graph of this
1.5 cm is within 0.001 cm. This statement can be solution set is graph d.
expressed as |d 1.5| 0.001, where d 20. The difference between the pH and 7.3 must be
represents the actual diameter. within 0.002. This statement can be expressed as
Write |d 1.5| 0.001 as d 1.5 0.001 and |p 7.3| 0.002, where p represents the pH of
d 1.5 0.001. the eye solution.
Case 1: Case 2: 21. The difference between the temperature and 38
should be within 1.5. This statement can be
d 1.5 0.001 d 1.5 0.001
expressed as |t 38| 1.5, where t represents
d 1.5 1.5 0.001 1.5 d 1.5 1.5 0.001 1.5
the temperature inside the refrigerator.
d 1.501 d 1.499
22. The difference between the score and 98 was
The solution set is {d|1.499 d 1.501}.
within 6. This statement can be expressed as
The diameter of the bolts must be between 1.499 |s 98| 6, where s represents Ramona’s
and 1.501 cm, inclusively. bowling score.
277 Chapter 6
23. The difference between the speed and 55 should The solution set is {t| 10 6 t 6 6}.
be within 3. This statement can be expressed as
|s 55| 3, where s represents the speed of the 10 9876 5 4 32 1 0
car.
30. Write |v 3| 7 1 as v 3 7 1 or v 3 6 1.
24. Write |x 5| 8 as x 5 8 or x 5 8.
Case 1: Case 2:
Case 1: Case 2:
v3 7 1 v 3 6 1
x58 x 5 8 v33 7 13 v 3 3 6 1 3
x5585 x 5 5 8 5 v 7 2 v 6 4
The solution set is {v 0v 6 4 or v 7 2}.
x 13 x 3
The solution set is {3, 13}.
8 7654 321 0 1 2
31. Write 0w 6 0 3 as w 6 3 or w 6 3.
642 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
25. Write |b 9| 2 as b 9 2 or b 9 2.
Case 1: Case 2:
Case 1: Case 2:
w63 w 6 3
b92 b 9 2 w6636 w 6 6 3 6
b9929 b 9 9 2 9 w9 w3
The solution set is {w 0w 3 or w 9}.
b 7 b 11
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1312111098 765 4 3
32. Write |3s 2| 7 7 as 3s 2 7 7 or
26. Write 02p 3 0 17 as 2p 3 17 or 3s 2 6 7.
2p 3 17.
Case 1: Case 2:
Case 1: Case 2:
3s 2 7 7 3s 2 6 7
2p 3 17 2p 3 17 3s 2 2 7 7 2 3s 2 2 6 7 2
2p 3 3 17 3 2p 3 3 17 3 3s 7 9 3s 6 5
2p 20 2p 14 3s 9 3s 5
2p 20 2p 14 3
7 3 3
6 3
2
2 2 2 2
s 7 3 s 6 13
p 10 p 7
The solution set is {s|s is a real number.}.
5 432 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
8 642 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
33. Write |3k 4| 8 as 3k 4 8 or 3k 4 8.
27. Write 05c 8 0 12 as 5c 8 12 or
Case 1: Case 2:
5c 8 12.
3k 4 8 3k 4 8
Case 1: Case 2:
3k 4 4 8 4 3k 4 4 8 4
5c 8 12 5c 8 12 3k 4 3k 12
5c 8 8 12 8 5c 8 8 12 8 3k 4 3k 12
5c 20 5c 4 3
3 3
3
5c

20 5c

4 k 13
1 k 4
5 6.
5 5 5 5
1
c4 c 5
4
or 0.8 The solution set is k|k 4 or k 13
The solution set is {0.8, 4}.
5 432 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 4321 0 1 2 3 4 5 34. Write |2n 1| 6 9 as 2n 1 6 9 and
28. Write 0z 2 0 5 as z 2 5 and z 2 5. 2n 1 7 9.
Case 1: Case 2: Case 1: Case 2:
z25 z 2 5 2n 1 6 9 2n 1 7 9
z2252 z 2 2 5 2 2n 1 1 6 9 1 2n 1 1 7 9 1
z7 z 3 2n 6 8 2n 7 10
10
The solution set is {z|3 z 7}. 2n
6
8 2n
7
2 2 2 2
n 6 4 n 7 5
32 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
The solution set is {n|5 6 n 6 4} .
29. Write |t 8| 6 2 as t 8 6 2 and t 8 7 2.
Case 1: Case 2: 5 432 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
t8 6 2 t8 7 2
t88 6 28 t88 7 2 8
t 6 6 t 7 10
Chapter 6 278
35. Write |6r 8| 6 4 as 6r 8 6 4 and

6r 8 7 4.
39. Write 0 2 5 3x 0 2 as 2 5 3x 2 or 2 5 3x 2.
Case 1: Case 2:
Case 1: Case 2:
2 3x 2 3x
6r 8 6 4 6r 8 7 4 5
2 5
2
6r 8 8 6 4 8 6r 8 8 7 4 8 2 3x 2 3x
(5) 5 (5)2 (5) 5 (5) (2)
6r 6 12 6r 7 4
6r 12 6r 4
2 3x 10 2 3x 10
6
6 6 6
7 6 2 3x 2 10 2 2 3x 2 10 2
r 6 2 r 7 3
2 3x 8 3x 12
3x 8 3x 12
The solution set is the empty set . 3
3 3
3
2
x 23 x4
The solution set is x 0x 5 6
5 432 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 2
23 or x 4 .
36. Write |6 (3d 5)| 14 as 6 (3d 5) 14
and 6 (3d 5) 14.
5 432 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Case 1: Case 2:
6 (3d 5) 14 6 (3d 5) 14 40. Find the point that is the same distance from 5
6 3d 5 14 6 3d 5 14 as the distance from 5. The midpoint between 5
11 3d 14 11 3d 14 and 5 is 0.
11 3d 11 14 11 11 3d 11 14 11 5 units 5 units
3d 3 3d 25
3d 3 3d 25
3
3 3
3
1
d 1 d 83
The solution set is d|1 d 5 1
83 6. –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
So, an equation is |x| 5.
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 41. Find the point that is the same distance from 2
37. Write 08 (w 1) 0 9 as 8 (w 1) 9 and
as the distance from 8. The midpoint between 2
and 8 is 3.
8 (w 1) 9.
Case 1: Case 2: 5 units 5 units
8 (w 1) 9 8 (w 1) 9
8w19 8 w 1 9
9w9 9 w 9
9w999 9 w 9 9 9
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
w 0 w 18
(1)(w) (1)0 (1)(w) (1)(18) So, an equation is |x 3| 5.
w0 w 18 42. Find the point that is the same distance from 3
The solution set is {w|0 w 18} . as the distance from 3. The midpoint between 3
and 3 is 0.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 3 units 3 units
38. Write ` ` 7 as
5h 2 5h 2 5h 2
6 6
7 or 6
7.
Case 1: Case 2:
5h 2 5h 2
6
7 6
7 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
5h 2 5h 2 The distance from 0 to any point on the graph is
(6) 6 (6)7 (6) 6 (6)(7)
less than or equal to 3 units. So, an inequality is
5h 2 42 5h 2 42
|x| 3.
5h 2 2 42 2 5h 2 2 42 2
5h 40 5h 44 43. Find the point that is the same distance from 7
5h 40 5h 44 as the distance from 1. The midpoint between 7
5
5 5
5 and 1 is 3.
4
h8 h 85
5 6
4 units 4 units
4
The solution set is 85, 8 .
10864 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
–8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2
The distance from 3 to any point on the graph is
less than 4 units. So, an inequality is
|x (3)| 4, or |x 3| 4.
279 Chapter 6
44. Find the point that is the same distance from 1 49. The difference between the temperature and 68
as the distance from 3. The midpoint between 1 should be within 3. This statement can be
and 3 is 1. expressed as |t 68| 3, where t represents the
2 units 2 units
temperature in the house.
Write |t 68| 3 as t 68 3 and
t 68 3.
Case 1: Case 2:
t 68 3 t 68 3
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 t 68 68 3 68 t 68 68 3 68
The distance from 1 to any point on the graph is t 71 t 65
greater than 2 units. So, an inequality is The solution set is {t|65 t 71}.
|x 1| 2. The temperature in the house should be between
45. Find the point that is the same distance from 12 65 F and 71 F, inclusive.
as the distance from 8. The midpoint between 50. The difference between the percent of people who
12 and 8 is 10. say protection of the environment should have
2 units 2 units priority and 52 is within 3. This statement can be
expressed as |p 52| 3, where p represents
the percent of people described.
Write |p 52| 3 as p 52 3 and
p 52 3.
–15 –14 –13 –12 –11 –10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 Case 1: Case 2:
The distance from 10 to any point on the graph p 52 3 p 52 3
is greater than or equal to 2 units. So, an p 52 52 3 52 p 52 52 3 52
inequality is |x (10)| 2, or |x 10| 2. p 55 p 49
46. The difference between the number of days and The solution set is { p|49 p 55}.
280 should be within 14. This statement can be The percent of people who say protection of the
expressed as |d 280| 14, where d represents environment should have priority is between 49%
the number of days of the pregnancy. and 55%, inclusive.
47. Write |d 280| 14 as d 280 14 and 51. The difference between the pressure and 30
d 280 14. should be within 2. This statement can be
Case 1: expressed as |p 30| 2, where p represents
d 280 14 the tire pressure in psi.
d 280 280 14 280 Write |p 30| 2 as p 30 2 and
d 294 p 30 2.
Case 2: Case 1: Case 2:
d 280 14 p 30 2 p 30 2
d 280 280 14 280 p 30 30 2 30 p 30 30 2 30
d 266 p 32 p 28
The solution set is {d|266 d 294}. The solution set is { p|28 p 32}.
The length of a full-term pregnancy should be The tire pressure should be between 28 and
between 266 and 294 days, inclusive. 32 psi, inclusive.
48. The difference between the pressure and 195 52a. Since absolute value represents a distance, it
should be within 25. This statement can be cannot be negative. So, there is no value of x
expressed as |p 195| 25, where p represents that will make |x 3| less than 5. Therefore,
the pressure in pounds per square inch. |x 3| 5 is never true.
Write |p 195| 25 as p 195 25 and 52b. Since absolute value represents a distance, it
p 195 25. cannot be negative. So, any value of x will make
Case 1: |x 6| greater than 1. Therefore,
p 195 6 25 |x 6| 1 is always true.
p 195 195 6 25 195 52c. |x 2| 0 is true only if x 2. Therefore,
p 6 220 |x 2| 0 is sometimes true.
Case 2:
p 195 7 25
p 195 195 7 25 195
p 7 170
The solution set is { p|170 p 220}.
The pressure of a fire extinguisher should be
between 170 and 220 psi.
Chapter 6 280
53. The difference between the amount of sodium 56. Inequalities involving absolute value are used to
chloride and 3.0 must be within 0.5. This represent margin of error. Answers should include
statement can be represented by |a 3.0| 0.5, the following.
where a represents the amount of sodium chloride • The inequality representing the people who are
to be added. against the tax levy is |x 45| 3. To solve
Write |a 3.0| 0.5 as a 3.0 0.5 and this inequality, find the intersection of x 45
a 3.0 0.5. 3 and x 45 3. To solve these
Case 1: inequalities, add 45 to each side of each
a 3.0 0.5 inequality. The solution set is {x|42 x 48}.
a 3.0 3.0 0.5 3.0 • The votes for the tax levy can be between 44%
a 3.5 and 50%. The votes against the tax levy can be
Case 2: between 42% and 48%. Depending on where the
actual votes are in each range, it could either
a 3.0 0.5
pass or fail.
a 3.0 3.0 0.5 3.0
a 2.5 57. B; Write |x 5| 2 as x 5 2 or x 5 2.
The solution set is {a|2.5 a 3.5}. Case 1: Case 2:
The amount of sodium chloride added must be x52 x 5 2
between 2.5 and 3.5 mm, inclusive. x5525 x 5 5 2 5
x 3 x 7
54. The difference between the guess and 18,000
must be within 1500 without going over 18,000. The solution set is {7, 3}.
This statement can be expressed as the compound 58. C; Write 6 |x| 6 as 6 |x| and |x| 6.
inequality |p 18,000| 1500 and p 18,000, Case 1:
where p represents the price guessed by Luis. 6 |x| is the same as |x| 6.
Write |p 18,000| 1500 as p 18,000 1500 Write |x| 6 as x 6 or x 6.
and p 18,000 1500. The solution set is {x|x is a real number.}.
Case 1: Case 2:
p 18,000 1500 Write |x| 6 as x 6 and x 6.
p 18,000 18,000 1500 18,000
The solution set is {x| 6 x 6}.
p 19,500
The final solution is the intersection of {x|x is a
Case 2:
real number.} and {x| 6 x 6}. Therefore, the
p 18,000 1500 solution set is {x| 6 x 6}.
p 18,000 18,000 1500 18,000
If 6 x 6, then 6 x.
p 16,500
6 6 x
The solution set is the intersection of
(1)(6) 7 (1) (x)
16,500 p 19,500 and p 18,000. This set is
6 7 x
{ p|16,500 p 18,000}.
6 x is the same as x 6.
Luis will win the vehicle if his guess is between
$16,500 and $18,000, inclusive.
55a. Write x 3 1.2 as x 3 1.2 or x 3 1.2.
Case 1: Case 2:
59. Let t number of beats per minute in Rafael’s
x 3 1.2 x 3 1.2 target zone.
x 4.2 x 1.8
0.60(190) 6 t 6 0.80(190)
55b. Find the point that is the same distance from 114 6 t 6 152
1.8 as the distance from 4.2. The midpoint
Rafael’s target zone is between 114 and 152 beats
between 1.8 and 4.2 is 3.
per min.
1.2 units 1.2 units Exercises 60–62 For checks, see students’ work.
60. 2m 7 7 17
2m 7 7 7 17 7
2m 7 10
2m 10
1 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.6 3 3.4 3.8 4.2 4.6 5 2
7 2
So, an equation is |x 3| 1.2. m 7 5
The solution set is {m|m 5}.
281 Chapter 6
61. 2 3x 2 70. 13.2 6.1 13.2 (6.1)

2 3x 2 2 2 (|13.2| |6.1|)
3x 4 (13.2 6.1)
3x
3
4 19.3
3
1 71. 4.7 (8.9) 4.7 8.9
x 13 (|8.9| |4.7|)
The solution set is x|x 13 . 5 1
6 (8.9 4.7)
4.2
2
62. 3
w 37 72. Distributive Property
2
3
w 3373 73. Substitution Property
2 74. To find the x-intercept, let y 0.
w 10
12 132 210
3
y 3x 4
3 2
2 3
w 0 3x 4
w 15 0 4 3x 4 4
The solution set is {w|w 15}. 4 3x
4 3x
63. To express the equation in slope-intercept form, 3
3
solve the equation for y in terms of x. 3
4
x
1 2
2x y 4 4
2x y 2x 4 2x The graph intersects the x-axis at 3, 0 .
y 2x 4 To find the y-intercept, let x 0.
The equation is now of the form y mx b, so y 3x 4
the slope m is 2 and the y-intercept b is 4. y 3(0) 4
64. To express the equation in slope-intercept form, y4
solve the equation for y in terms of x. The graph intersects the y-axis at (0, 4). Plot
2y 3x 4 these points and draw the line that connects
2y 3x 3x 4 3x them.
2y 3x 4 y
2y 3x 4
2
2
3x 4
y 2
2 y 3x 4
3
y 2
x2
The equation is now of the form y mx b, so O x
3
the slope m is 2 and the y-intercept b is 2.
65. To express the equation in slope-intercept form,
solve the equation for y in terms of x.
1 3
2
x 4y 0 75. Select five values for the domain and make a
1 3 1 1 table. The only value in the range is 2. Since
2
x 4
y 2x 0 2x there is no x in the equation, the value of x does
3 1 not depend on y. Therefore, x can be any real
y 2x
12 143 2112x2
4
4 3
number.
3 4
y
x y (x, y)
2
y 3x 3 2 (3, 2)
2
This equation can be written as y 3x 0. The 1 2 (1, 2)
equation is now of the form y mx b, so the 0 2 (0, 2)
2
slope m is 3 and the y-intercept is 0. 2 2 (2, 2)
66. I prt 67. ex 2y 3z 4 2 (4, 2)
I

prt ex 2y 2y 3z 2y
pt pt ex 3z 2y
I
r ex 3z 2y
the points.
pt
e
e y
3z 2y
x e
a 5
68. 7x
12 117 27x
3
1 a 5
7 3

O x
a 5
21
x
69. 13 8 (|13| |8|) y 2
(13 8)
5
Chapter 6 282
76. In order to find values for y more easily, solve the The graph intersects the x-axis at (6, 0). To find
equation for y. the y-intercept, let x 0.
xy3 2y x 6
xyx3x 2y (0) 6
y3x 2y 6
Select five values for the domain and make a 2y 6
2
2
table.
y 3
x 3x y (x, y) The graph intersects the y-axis at (0, 3).
1 3 (1) 4 (1, 4) Plot these points and draw the line that connects
0 30 3 (0, 3) them.
1 31 2 (1, 2) y
2 32 1 (2, 1)
3 33 0 (3, 0)
O x
the points.
2y x 6
y
xy3

O x 2(x y) 10
2(x 0) 10
2x 10
2x 10
2
2
77. To find the x-intercept, let y 0. x 5
y 2x 1 The graph intersects the x-axis at (5, 0).
(0) 2x 1 To find the y-intercept, let x 0.
2x 1 2(x y) 10
2x 1
2
2 2(0 y) 10
1 2y 10
x2
1 2
2y 10
1 2
2
The graph intersects the x-axis at , 0.
2 y 5
To find the y-intercept, let x = 0 The graph intersects the y-axis at (0, 5).
y 2x 1 Plot these points and draw the line that connects
y 2(0) 1 them.
y 1
y
2(x y ) 10
them.
y
O x
O x
y 2x 1
Graphing Inequalities
6-6
in Two Variables
2y x 6
2(0) x 6 Page 355 Check for Understanding
x 6 1. The graph of y x 2 is a line. The graph of
(1)(x) (1)(6) y x 2 does not include the boundary
x6 y x 2, and it includes all ordered pairs in the
half-plane that contains the origin.
283 Chapter 6
2. Sample answer: x y 6. b; Since y 2x 2 means y 2x 2 or

Step 1 Solve for y in terms of x. y 2x 2, the boundary line is included in the
xy solution set. So, the boundary should be drawn as
yx a solid line. When (0, 0) is used as a test point in
the original inequality, the resulting statement is
Step 2 Graph y x. Since the inequality
0 2. Since this statement is false, the half-plane
includes y values less than x, but not
containing the origin is not part of the solution.
equal to x, the boundary is not included
So, the other half-plane should be shaded. This
in the solution set. The boundary should
describes graph b.
be drawn as a dashed line.
7. Step 1 The inequality y 4 is already solved
Step 3 Select a point in one of the half-planes
for y in terms of x.
and test it. Try (1, 3).
Step 2 Graph y 4. Since y 4 means y 4 or
yx
y 4, the boundary is included in the
3 1 false
solution set. The boundary should be
Since the statement is false, the half-plane drawn as a solid line.
containing (1, 3) is not part of the solution. Shade
the other half-plane.
y
y4
xy
0 4 false
Since the statement is false, the half-plane
O x Shade the other half-plane.
y
y4
3. If the test point results in a true statement, shade
the half-plane that contains the point. If the test
point results in a false statement, shade the other O x
half-plane.
4. Use a table to substitute the x and y values of
each ordered pair into the inequality.
8. Step 1 The inequality y 2x 3 is already
x y yx1 True or False solved for y in terms of x.
0 1 1 Step 2 Graph y 2x 3. Since y 2x 3
1 0 true
00 means y 6 2x 3 or y 2x 3, the
231 boundary is included in the solution set.
3 2 true
24 The boundary should be drawn as a solid
521 line.
2 5 false
53 Step 3 Select a point in one of the half-planes
1 2 1 and test it. Try (0, 0).
2 1 false
1 1 y 2x 3
0 2(0) 3
The ordered pairs {(1, 0), (3, 2)} are part of the
0 3 false
solution set.
Shade the other half-plane.
x y y 2x True or False y
6 2(2)
2 6 true y 2x 3
64
1 2(0)
0 1 false
1 0
O x
5 2(3)
3 5 false
56
2 2(1)
1 2 false
2 2
The ordered pair {(2, 6)} is part of the solution set.
Chapter 6 284
9. Step 1 Since there is no y in the inequality, 11. Step 1 Let x the number of pizzas ordered.
solve the inequality for x. Let y the number of pitchers of soft
4 2x 6 2 drink ordered.
4 2x 4 6 2 4 the cost the number
2x 6 6 the of one of pitchers is
The cost number pitcher of soft not
2x 6 of one of pizzas of soft drink more
7 2 2 pizza times ordered plus drink times ordered
14243 123 14243 123 14243 123 1442443
than $60 .
123 123
x 7 3
12 x 3 y 60
Step 2 Graph x 3. Since the inequality
includes x values greater than 3, but not Step 2 Solve for y in terms of x.
equal to 3, the boundary is not included 12x 3y 60
in the solution set. The boundary should 12x 3y 12x 60 12x
be drawn as a dashed line. 3y 60 12x
3y 60 12x
Step 3 Select a point in one of the half-planes 3
3
and test it. Try (0, 0). 60 12x
y 3
3
x 7 3
0 7 3 false y 20 4x
Since the statement is false, the half-plane Step 3 Since the open sentence includes the
containing the origin is not part of the solution. equation, graph y 20 4x as a solid
Shade the other half-plane. line. Test a point in one of the half-
planes, for example (0, 0). Shade the
y
half-plane containing (0, 0) since
4 2x 2 0 20 4(02 is true.
Step 4 Examine the solution.
• Coach Riley cannot order a negative
O x number of pizzas or a negative
number of pitchers of soft drinks.
Therefore, the domain and range
contain only nonnegative numbers.
• Coach Riley cannot order a fraction of
10. Step 1 Solve for y in terms of x. a pizza or a portion of a pitcher of soft
1y 7 x drink. Thus, only points in the
1y1 7 x1 shaded half-plane whose x-and
y 7 x 1 y-coordinates are whole numbers are
(1)(y) 6 (1)(x 1) possible solutions.
y 6 1x y
Step 2 Graph y 1 x. Since the inequality 24
includes y values less than 1 x, but not 20
equal to 1 x, the boundary is not 16
included in the solution set. The 12
boundary should be drawn as a dashed 8
line. 4
Step 3 Select a point in one of the half-planes 21 O 1 2 3 4 5 6x
and test it. Try (0, 0). 4
y 6 1x
0 6 10
0 6 1 true
Since the statement is true, the half-plane 12. Use a table to substitute the x and y values of
containing the origin is part of the solution. each ordered pair into the inequality.
Shade the half-plane containing (0, 0).
y
x y y 3 2x True or False
0 4 4 3 2(02
false
43
1 y x 1 3 3 3 2(12
true
35
O x
6 8 8 3 2(62
false
8 9
4 5 5 3 2(42
true
5 11
solution set.
285 Chapter 6
13. Use a table to substitute the x and y values of 17. Use a table to substitute the x and y values of
each ordered pair into the inequality. each ordered pair into the inequality.
x y y 3x True or False x y 3x 4y 7 True or False
3 1 1 6 3132 1 1 3112 4112 6 7
false false
1 6 9 7 6 7
3 2 2 6 3132 2 1 3122 4112 6 7
false true
2 6 9 2 6 7
1 1 1 6 3112
true 1 1 3112 4112 6 7
true
1 6 3 1 6 7
1 2 2 6 3112
true 2 4 3122 4142 6 7
false
2 6 3 10 6 7
The ordered pairs {(1, 1), (1, 2)} are part of the The ordered pairs {(2, 1), (1, 1)} are part of the
solution set. solution set.
x y x y 11 True or False x y |x 3| y True or False
5 7 5 7 6 11
false 6 4 06 3 0 4
12 6 11 false
34
13 10 13 10 6 11
true 1 8 01 3 0 8
3 6 11 false
48
4 4 4 4 6 11
true 3 2 03 3 0 2
8 6 11 true
62
6 2 6 122 6 11 5 7 05 3 0 7
true false
8 6 11 27
The ordered pairs {( 13, 10), (4, 4), (6, 2)} are The ordered pair {(3, 2)} is part of the solution
part of the solution set. set.
x y 2x 3y 6 True or False x y |y 2| x True or False
3 2 2132 3122 7 6
false 2 4 04 2 0 6 2
0 7 6 false
2 6 2
2 4 2122 3142 7 6
true 1 5 05 2 0 6 1
8 7 6 false
3 6 1
6 2 2162 3122 7 6
false 6 7 07 2 0 6 6
6 7 6 true
5 6 6
5 1 2152 3112 7 6
true 0 0 00 2 0 6 0
7 7 6 false
2 6 0
The ordered pairs {( 2, 4), (5, 1)} are part of The ordered pair {(6, 7)} is part of the solution
the solution set. set.
x y 4y 8 0 True or False
5 1 4112 8 0
false
12 0
0 2 4122 8 0
true
00
2 5 4152 8 0
true
12 0
2 0 4102 8 0
false
8 0
solution set.
Chapter 6 286
20. c; 22. d;
1
Step 1 Solve for y in terms of x. Step 1 The inequality y 7 3 2x is already
2y x 6 solved for y in terms of x.
1
2y x x 6 x Step 2 Graph y 3 2x. Since the inequality
1
2y 6 x includes values of y greater than 3 2x,
1
6 x
2y
but not equal to 3 2x, the boundary is
22
6 x not included in the solution set. The
y 2 boundary should be drawn as a dashed
6 x 6 x
Step 2 Graph y 2 . Since y 2 means line.
6 x 6 x Step 3 Select a point in one of the half-planes
y 6 2 or y 2 , the boundary is
included in the solution set. The and test it. Try (0, 0).
1
boundary should be drawn as a solid y 7 3 2x
line. 1
0 7 3 2 (0)
and test it. Try (0, 0). 0 7 3 false
6 x Since the statement is false, the half-plane
y 2 containing the origin is not part of the solution.
6 0
0 2
Shade the other half-plane. The graph described
03 true is graph d.
Since the statement is true, the half-plane 23. b;
containing the origin is part of the solution. Step 1 Solve for y in terms of x.
Shade the half-plane containing (0, 0). The graph 4y 2x 16
described is graph c. 4y 2x 2x 16 2x
21. a; 4y 16 2x
4y 16 2x
Step 1 Solve for y in terms of x. 4
4
1
2
x y 7 4 y
1
4 2x
1 1 1
2
x y 2x 7 4 2x 1
Step 2 Graph y 4 2x. Since y 4 2x
1
1
y 7 4 2
x 1
means y 7 4 2x or y 4 2x, the
1
1 boundary is included in the solution set.

(1)(y) 6 (1)(4 2x)
1
The boundary should be drawn as a solid
y 6 2x 4 line.
1
Step 2 Graph y 2x 4. Since the inequality Step 3 Select a point in one of the half-planes
1
includes values of y less than 2x 4, but and test it. Try (0, 0).
1
1
not equal to 2x 4, the boundary is not y 4 2x
included in the solution set. The 1
0 4 2 (0)
boundary should be drawn as a dashed
04 false
line.
1
y 6 2x 4 is graph b.
0 6 2 102 4 24. Substitute x 2 into the equation 2x 3y 5
1
to find the corresponding value of y.

0 6 4 false
2x 3y 5
2122 3y 5
4 3y 5
4 3y 4 5 4
is graph a.
3y 9
3y 9
3
3
y3
The point A (2, 3) is on the graph of
2x 3y 5.
287 Chapter 6
25. Substitute x 0 into the equation 4x 3y 4 to 28. Step 1 Solve for y in terms of x.
find the corresponding value of y. 5x 10y 7 0
4x 3y 4 5x 10y 5x 7 0 5x
4102 3y 4 10y 7 5x
3y 4 10y
7
5x
3y 4 10 10
3
3 1
y 7 2x
1
y 13
1 2
1
Step 2 Graph y 2x. Since the inequality
1 1
The point 0, is on the graph of
13 includes y values greater than 2x, but
1
not equal to 2x, the boundary line is
1 2
2x 3y 5. Since the graph of (0, 1) is above
1
the graph of 0, 13 , the point B (0, 1) is above not included in the solution set. The
the graph of 4x 3y 4. boundary should be drawn as a dashed
line.
26. Step 1 The inequality y 6 3 is already solved
for y in terms of x. Step 3 Select a point in one of the half-planes
Step 2 Graph y 3. Since the inequality 1
includes y values less than 3, but not y 7 2x
equal to 3, the boundary is not 1 7 2 112
1
included in the solution set. The
1
boundary should be drawn as a dashed 1 7 2 true
line. Since the statement is true, the half-plane
Step 3 Select a point in one of the half-planes containing (1, 1) is part of the solution. Shade the
and test it. Try (0, 0). half-plane containing (1, 1).
y 6 3 y
0 6 3 false
Since the statement is false, the half-plane 5x 10y 0
O x
y
O x 29. Step 1 The inequality y 6 x is already solved

y 3 for y in terms of x.
Step 2 Graph y x. Since the inequality
includes y values less than x, but not
equal to x, the boundary is not included
27. Step 1 There is no y in the inequality. The in the solution set. The boundary should
inequality x 2 is already solved for x. be drawn as a dashed line.
Step 2 Graph x 2. Since x 2 means x 7 2 or Step 3 Select a point in one of the half-planes
x 2, the boundary is included in the and test it. Try (2, 0).
solution set. The boundary should be y 6 x
drawn as a solid line. 0 6 2 true
Step 3 Select a point in one of the half-planes Since the statement is true, the half-plane
and test it. Try (0, 0). containing (2, 0) is part of the solution. Shade the
x2 half-plane containing (2, 0).
0 2 false y
Since the statement is false, the half-plane yx
y x
O
O x
x2
Chapter 6 288
30. Step 1 Solve for y in terms of x. 32. Step 1 Solve for y in terms of x.
2y x 6 3y 4x 12
2y x x 6 x 3y 4x 4x 12 4x
2y 6 x 3y 12 4x
6 x
2y 3y 12 4x
22
3
3
6 x 12 4x
y 2 y 3
6 x 6 x 12 4x 12 4x
Step 2 Graph y 2 . Since y 2 means Step 2 Graph y 3
. Since y 3
6 x 6 x 12 4x 12 4x
y 6 2 or y 2 , the boundary is means y 7 3
or y 3
, the
included in the solution set. The boundary is included in the solution set.
boundary should be drawn as a solid line. The boundary should be drawn as a solid
Step 3 Select a point in one of the half-planes line.
and test it. Try (0, 0). Step 3 Select a point in one of the half-planes
6 x and test it. Try (0, 0).
y 2 12 4x
6 0 y
0 2
3
12 4102
03 true 0 3
Since the statement is true, the half-plane 04 false
containing the origin is part of the solution. Since the statement is false, the half-plane
Shade the half-plane containing (0, 0). containing the origin is not part of the solution.
y Shade the other half-plane.
2y x 6 y
O x
O x
3y 4x 12
31. Step 1 Solve for y in terms of x.

6x 3y 7 9 33. Step 1 The inequality y 2x 4 is already
6x 3y 6x 7 9 6x solved for y in terms of x.
3y 7 9 6x Step 2 Graph y 2x 4. Since y 2x 4
3y 9 6x means y 6 2x 4 or y 2x 4, the
3
7 3
boundary is included in the solution set.
y 7 3 2x
Step 2 Graph y 3 2x. Since the inequality line.
includes y values greater than 3 2x,
but not equal to 3 2x, the boundary is
not included in the solution set. The
boundary should be drawn as a dashed y 2x 4
line. 0 2(0) 4
0 4 false
and test it. Try (0, 0). Since the statement is false, the half-plane
y 7 3 2x
0 7 3 2102
y
0 7 3 false
y 2x 4
y O x
O x
6x 3y 9
289 Chapter 6
34. Step 1 Solve for y in terms of x. 36. Step 1 Solve for y in terms of x.
8x 6y 6 10 3(x 2y) 7 18
8x 6y 8x 6 10 8x 3(x 2y) 18
7
6y 6 10 8x 3 3
6y 10 8x x 2y 7 6
6
7 6 x 2y x 7 6 x
8x 10 2y 7 6 x
y 7 6
4 5 2y 6 x
y 7 3
x 3 2
7 2
6 x
4 5 y 7
Step 2 Graph y 3x . Since
the inequality
3
2
4 5 6 x
includes y values greater than 3x 3, Step 2 Graph y 2
. Since
the inequality
4 5 6 x
but not equal to 3x 3, the boundary is includes y values greater than 2 , but
6 x
not included in the solution set. The not equal to 2 , the boundary is not
boundary should be drawn as a dashed included in the solution set. The boundary
line. should be drawn as a dashed line.
Step 3 Select a point in one of the half-planes Step 3 Select a point in one of the half-planes
and test it. Try (0, 0). and test it. Try (0, 0).
4 5
y 7 3x 3 y 7
6 x
2
102
4 5
0 7 3
3 0 7
6 0
2
5
0 7 3 true 0 7 3 true
Since the statement is true, the half-plane Since the statement is true, the half-plane
containing the origin is part of the solution. containing the origin is part of the solution.
Shade the half-plane containing (0, 0). Shade the half-plane containing (0, 0).
y y
8x 6y 10
O x O x
3(x 2y ) 18

3x 1 y
y 3x 1
Step 2 Graph y 3x 1. Since y 3x 1
means y 6 3x 1 or y 3x 1, the
boundary is included in the solution set.
line.
y 3x 1
0 3(0) 1
0 1 false
y
O x
3x 1 y
Chapter 6 290
37. Step 1 Solve for y in terms of x. 42. Let s the number of tickets sold to a single
1
(2x y) 6 2 person. Let c the number of tickets sold to
2
couples.
1
(2) 2 (2x y) 6 (2)2 The cost of the number of
2x y 6 4 one ticket sold tickets sold to a
to a single person times single person plus
2x y 2x 6 4 2x 14444244443 1424

3 14
444244
443
s
1
424
3
5
y 6 4 2x
the cost of the number of
Step 2 Graph y 4 2x. Since the inequality one ticket sold tickets sold to
includes y values less than 4 2x, but not to a couple
1444 4244443 1
times
4243 14
couples
444244 443 1
is at least $1200
444244 4
3 14243

equal to 4 2x, the boundary is not 8 c 1200
included in the solution set. The boundary This situation is represented by the inequality
should be drawn as a dashed line. 5s 8c 1200.
Step 3 Select a point in one of the half-planes 43. Step 1 Solve the inequality from Exercise 42 for
and test it. Try (0, 0). c in terms of s.
y 6 4 2x 5s 8c 1200
0 6 4 2(0) 5s 8c 5s 1200 5s
0 6 4 true 8c 1200 5s
8c 1200 5s
Since the statement is true, the half-plane 8
8
containing the origin is part of the solution. 5
c 150 8
s
Shade the half-plane containing (0, 0).
y Step 2
5
Graph c 150 8s. Since c 150 8s
5
5 5
means c 7 150 8s or c 150 8s, the
1( boundary is included in the solution set.
2
2x y ) 2
O x
line.
5
c 150 8s
38. Let / the length of the package. Let d the 0 150 8 (0)
5
distance around the thickest part of the package.
0 150 false
The length the distance around is less
of the the thickest part than or Since the statement is false, the half-plane
longest side plus of the package equal to 108 inches. containing the origin is not part of the solution.
1442443 1
424
3 14
44442444
443 14243 1442443
/ d 108 Shade the other half-plane.
This situation is represented by the inequality Step 4 Examine the solution.
/ d 108. • It is not possible to sell a negative number of
39. The solution set is limited to pairs of positive tickets. Therefore, the domain and range
numbers. contain only nonnegative numbers.
40. Let t the number of televisions. Let m the • It is not possible to sell a portion of a ticket.
number of microwaves. Thus, only points in the shaded half-plane
The weight the number the weight the number whose x- and y-coordinates are whole numbers
of one of of one of are possible solutions.
television times televisions plus microwave times microwaves
1442443 1
424
3 1442443 1
424
3 1442443 1
424
3 1442443
77 t 55
c
m 160
is less 140
than or 120
equal to 4000 lb.
14243 1442443 100 5s 8c 1200
4000 80
This situation is represented by the inequality 60
77t 55m 4000. 40
20
41. Substitute the t and m values of the ordered pair
(35, 25) into the inequality from Exercise 40. O 20 60 100 140 180 220 s
40 80 120 160 200 240
77t 55m 4000
77(35) 55(25) 4000
2695 1375 4000
4070 4000 false
Since the ordered pair does not make the
inequality true, the truck will not be able to
deliver 35 televisions and 25 microwaves at once.
The total weight would be greater than 4000 lb.
291 Chapter 6
PQ249-6481F-06[292-304] 31/7/02 21:38 Page 292 Sahuja Ahuja_QXP_09:Desktop Folder:Chandra_31-07-2002:249:
44. Since the graph of the ordered pair (100, 125) is in 46. The amount of money spent in each category
the shaded half-plane of the graph from Exercise 43, must be less than or equal to the budgeted
the values s 100 and c 125 make the inequality amount. How much you spend on individual items
true. So, the committee would cover its expenses if can vary. Answers should include the following.
100 single tickets and 125 couple tickets are sold. • The domain and range must be positive
To check algebraically, substitute s 100 and integers.
c 125 into the inequality from Exercise 42. • Sample answers: Hannah could buy 5
5s 8c 1200 cafeteria lunches and 3 restaurant lunches, 2
5(100) 8(125) 1200 cafeteria lunches and 5 restaurant lunches, or
500 1000 1200 8 cafeteria lunches and 1 restaurant lunch.
1500 1200 true 47. D; y 2x 6 5
Since the ordered pair makes the inequality true, 6 2152 6 5
the conclusion reached using the graph is correct. 6 10 6 5
45. First graph y x 1. Since the inequality 4 6 5 false
includes y x 1, the boundary should be drawn 48. B; Since 2x y 7 1 does not include 2x y 1,
as a solid line. the boundary should be drawn as a dashed line.
Test (0, 0). Test (2, 2).
001 2x y 7 1
0 1 false 2(2) 2 7 1
Shade the half-plane that does not contain the origin. 6 7 1 true
y The half-plane containing (2, 2) should be shaded.
y x 1

49. Write ƒ 3 2t 0 11 as 3 2t 11 or
O x
3 2t 11.
Case 1: Case 2:
3 2t 11 3 2t 11
3 2t 3 11 3 3 2t 3 11 3
Now graph y x. Since the inequality includes 2t 8 2t 14
14
y x, the boundary should be drawn as a solid 2t
2
8 2t

2 2 2
line.
t4 t 7
Test (1, 1).
1 1 true
Shade the half-plane that contains (1, 1).
108 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
y
50. Write ƒ x 8 ƒ 6 6 as x 8 6 6 and x 8 7 6.
Case 1: Case 2:
x8 6 6 x8 7 6
x88 6 68 x88 7 6 8
O x
x 6 2 x 7 14
y x The solution set is {x ƒ 14 6 x 6 2}.
18 1614 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2

To graph the intersection of the graphs of y x 1 51. Write ƒ 2y 5 ƒ 3 as 2y 5 3 or 2y 5 3.
and y x, graph both inequalities above on the Case 1: Case 2:
the same coordinate plane. The region where the 2y 5 3 2y 5 3
two shaded half-planes overlap represents the 2y 5 5 3 5 2y 5 5 3 5
intersection of the graphs. Only points in this 2y 2 2y 8
region will make both inequalities true. 2y 2 2y 8
2
2 2
2
y
yx1 y 1 y 4
The solution set is { y ƒ y 4 or y 1}.
O x 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2
y x
Chapter 6 292
52. y 6 7 1 and y2 6 4 56. Find the amount of change. Since the new
y 6 6 7 1 6 y22 6 42 amount is greater than the original amount, the
y 7 7 y 6 6 percent of change is a percent of increase.
The solution set is the intersection of the two graphs. 75 53 22
Graph y 7 7. Find the percent using the original number, 53, as
Graph y 6 6. the base.
Find the intersection. 22 r
53
100
22(100) 53(r)
–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10 2200 53r
2200 53r
53
53
–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10
41.51 r
To the nearest whole percent, the percent of
–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10 increase is 42%.
d 2
The solution set is {y ƒ 7 6 y 6 6}. 57. 7
1 2 3(7)
3
d 2
53. m4 6 2 or m2 7 1 3 3
m44 6 24 m22 7 12
d 2 21
m 6 2 m 7 3
d 2 2 21 2
The solution set is the union of the two graphs. d 23
Graph m 6 2. 58. 3n 6 15
Graph m 7 3. 3n 6 6 15 6
Find the union. 3n 21
3n 21
3
3
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 n 7
59. 35 20h 100
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 35 20h 35 100 35
20h 65
20h 65
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 20
20
13
h or 3.25
The solution set is {m ƒ m 6 2 or m 7 3}. 4
64
54. Find the amount of change. Since the new 60. 4
64 4
amount is less than the original amount, the 16
percent of change is a percent of decrease.
27c 192
27c
61.
200 172 28 9
3c
112a 14b2 122
12a 14b
as the base. 62.
1 12
2
112a 14b2 2
28 r

1 12 1 12
200 100
2811002 2001r2 12a 2 114b2 2
2800 200r
2800 200r
6a 7b

118y 92 3
200 200 18y 9
63.
113 2
3
14 r
118y 92
18y 1 3 2 9 1 3 2
1 1
18y 1 3 2 9 1 3 2
amount is greater than the original amount, the 1 1
percent of change is a percent of increase.
142 100 42 6y 3
as the base.
42 r Page 358 Graphing Calculator Investigation
100
100 (Follow-Up of Lesson 6-6)
4211002 1001r2 1. y 3x 1 is shaded below the line.
4200 100r y 3x 1. y 3x 1 is shaded above the line.
4200

100r
y 3x 1.
100 100
42 r
The percent of increase is 42%.
293 Chapter 6
3. d; intersection
2. KEYSTROKES: 2nd DRAW 7 ( ) 2 X,T,␪,n
4. a; Addition Property of Inequalities
4 , 10 ) ENTRY 5. c; half-plane
6. g; Subtraction Property of Inequalities
7. h; union
8. b; Division Property of Inequalities

2a. The lower boundary is y 2x 4. The upper Exercises 9–17 For checks, see students’ work.
boundary is Ymax or 10.
9. c 51 7 32
2b. The coordinates of any point in the shaded c 51 51 7 32 51
region are solutions of the inequality. Sample c 7 19
answer: {(0, 4), (1, 7), (2, 6), (4.2, 1.5)}
The solution set is {c ƒ c 7 19}.
3a. The number of the number of
student tickets
1442443 123 1442443plus adult tickets
25 23 21 19 17 15
x y
10. r 7 7 5
is at
14243 least 10.
123 r 7 7 7 5 7
10 r 7 12
The cost the number the cost The solution set is {r ƒ r 7 12}.
of one of of one
student student adult
ticket times tickets plus ticket 15 13 11 9 7 5
14243 123 1442443 123 14243
4 x 8 11. w 14 23
the number w 14 14 23 14
of w 37
times 14
123 adult
424tickets
43 is no more than 1
1442443 $80.
23 The solution set is {w ƒ w 37}.
y 80
So, x y 10 represents the total number of 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
tickets, and 4x 8y 80 represents the total 12. a6 7 10
cost of the tickets. a66 7 10 6
3b. Rewrite x y 10 as y x 10. Rewrite a 7 4
4x 8y 80 as y 0.5x 10. The lower The solution set is {a ƒ a 7 4}.
boundary is y x 10. The upper boundary
is y 0.5x 10. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
3c. KEYSTROKES: 2nd DRAW 7 ( ) X,T,␪,n 13. 0.11 n 10.042
0.11 n 0.04
10 , ( ) 0.5 X,T,␪,n 10 ) 0.11 0.04 n 0.04 0.04
ENTRY 0.15 n
0.15 n is the same as n 0.15.
The solution set is {n ƒ n 0.15}.
2 1 0 1 2
14. 2.3 6 g 12.12
2.3 6 g 2.1
2.3 2.1 6 g 2.1 2.1
3d. The coordinates of any point in the shaded 0.2 6 g
region are solutions of the inequality. Sample
0.2 6 g is the same as g 7 0.2.
answer: {(8, 5), (10, 4), (14, 2), (20, 0)} where
(8, 5) represents the purchase of 8 student The solution set is { g ƒ g 7 0.2}.
tickets and 5 adult tickets, for example.
2 1 0 1 2
15. 7h 6h 1
Chapter 6 Study Guide and Review 7h 6h 6h 1 6h
h 1
The solution set is {h ƒ h 1}.
1. f; set-builder notation
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
2. e; Multiplication Property of Inequalities
Chapter 6 294
16. 5b 7 4b 5 Exercises 27–35 For checks, see students’ work.

5b 4b 7 4b 5 4b 27. 4h 7 7 15
b 7 5 4h 7 7 7 15 7
The solution set is {b ƒ b 7 5}. 4h 7 8
4b 8
4
6 4
2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
h 6 2
21 n (2) The solution set is {h ƒ h 6 2}.
21 n 2 28. 5 6n 7 19
21 2 n 2 2 5 6n 5 7 19 5
23 n 6n 7 24
23 n is the same as n 23. 6n
6
24
6 6
The solution set is {n ƒ n 23}.
n 6 4
The solution set is 5n ƒ n 6 46.
Exercises 18–26 For checks, see students’ work.
18. 15v 7 60
15v 60 29. 5x 3 6 3x 19
15
7 15 5x 3 5x 6 3x 19 5x
v 7 4 3 6 8x 19
The solution set is 5v ƒ v 7 46 . 3 19 6 8x 19 19
19. 12r 72 16 6 8x
12r 72 16 8x
12
12 8
6 8
r6 2 6 x
The solution set is {r ƒ r 6}. 2 x is the same as x
2.
20. 15z 75 The solution set is {x ƒ x 7 2}.
15z
15
75 30. 15b 12 7 7b 60
15
15b 12 7b 7 7b 60 7b
z5 8b 12 7 60
The solution set is {z ƒ z 5}. 8b 12 12 7 60 12
21. 9m 6 99 8b 7 72
9m 99 8b 72
9
7 9 7
8 8
m 7 11 b 7 9
The solution set is {m ƒ m 7 11}. The solution set is {b ƒ b 7 9}.
22.
b
3 31. 5(q 122 6 3q 4
12
b 5q 60 6 3q 4
(12) 12 (12)3 5q 60 5q 6 3q 4 5q
b 36 60 6 8q 4
The solution set is {b ƒ b 36}. 60 4 6 8q 4 4
d 56 6 8q
23. 13
7 5 56 8q
d 8
6 8
(13) 13 6 (13)(5)
7 6 q
d 6 65
7 6 q is the same as q 7 7.
The solution set is 5q ƒ q 7 76.
The solution set is {d ƒ d 6 65}.
2
24. w 7 22 32. 7(g 8) 6 3(g 2) 4g
12 132 2 (22)
3
3 2 7g 56 6 3g 6 4g
w 7
2 3 7g 56 6 7g 6
w 7 33 7g 56 7g 6 7g 6 7g
The solution set is {w ƒ w 7 33}. 56 6 6
25.
3
p 15 Since the inequality results in a false statement,
12 153 2 (15)
5 the solution set is the empty set .
5 3
p 2(x 22
3 5
33. 4
12 132 24
3
p 25 3 2(x 2)
The solution set is {p ƒ p 25}. 2 3

26. Let n the number. x26
0.80n 24 x2262
0.80n 24 x4
0.80
0.80 The solution set is {x ƒ x 4}.
n 30
The solution set is {n ƒ n 30}.
295 Chapter 6
34.
1 7n
7 10 38. 3w 8 6 2 or w 12 7 2 w
5
1 7n
3w 8 8 6 2 8 w 12 w 7 2 w w
(52 5 7 5(102 3w 6 6 2w 12 7 2
1 7n 7 50 3w 6
3
6 3
2w 12 12 7 2 12
1 7n 1 7 50 1
w 6 2 2w 7 10
7n 7 49
2w 10
7n 49 2
7 2
7
6 7
w 7 5
n 6 7
The solution set is the union of the two graphs.
The solution set is {n ƒ n 6 7}.
Graph w 6 2. Graph w 7 5.
2
Find the union.
3
n 27 9
2
3
n 27 27 9 27 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
2
n 36
12 132 236
3
3 2 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
2 3
n
n 54
The solution set is 5n ƒ n 546. –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
36. First express 1 6 p 3 6 5 using and. The solution set is {w|w is a real number.}.
1 6 p 3 and p3 6 5 39. a38 or a 5 21
1 3 6 p 3 3 p33 6 53 a3383 a 5 5 21 5
4 6 p p 6 2 a 11 a 16
The solution set is the intersection of the two The solution set is the union of the two graphs.
graphs.
Graph a 11.
Graph 4 6 p or p 7 4.
Graph a 16.
Graph p 6 2.
Find the union.
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
The solution set is {a ƒ a 11 or a 16}.
The solution set is 5p|4 6 p 6 26.
40. m8 6 4 and 3m 6 5
37. First express 3 6 2k 1 6 5 using and. m88 6 48 3m3 6 53
3 6 2k 1 and 2k 1 6 5 m 6 4 m 6 2
3 1 6 2k 1 1 2k 1 1 6 5 1 (12(m2 7 (122
2 6 2k 2k 6 6 m 7 2
2 2k 2k 6
2
6 2 2
6 2
graphs.
1 6 k k 6 3
Graph m 6 4
Graph m 7 2.
graphs.
Graph 1 6 k or k 7 1.
Graph k 6 3.
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5

–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 is the empty set .
The solution set is 5k|1 6 k 6 36.
Chapter 6 296
41. 10 2y 7 12 and 7y 6 4y 9 46. Write ƒ r 10 ƒ 6 3 as r 10 6 3 and

10 2y 10 7 12 10 7y 4y 6 4y 9 4y r 10 7 3.
2y 7 2 3y 6 9 Case 1: Case 2:
2y 2 3y 9
2
6 2 3
6 3
r 10 6 3 r 10 7 3
y 6 1 y 6 3 r 10 10 6 3 10 r 10 10 7 3 10
r 6 7 r 7 13
graphs. The solution set is 5r ƒ 13 6 r 6 76.
Graph y 6 1.
Graph y 6 3. 1514131211109 8 7 6 5
Find the intersection. 47. Write ƒ t 4 ƒ 3 as t 4 3 and t 4 3.

Case 1: Case 2:
t43 t 4 3
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
t434 t 4 4 3 4
t 1 t 7
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 The solution set is 5t ƒ 7 t 16.
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1
48. Write 0 2x 5 0 6 4 as 2x 5 6 4 and
The solution set is 5y ƒ y 6 16. 2x 5 7 4.
42. Write ƒ w 8 ƒ 12 as w 8 12 or Case 1: Case 2:
w 8 12.
2x 5 6 4 2x 5 7 4
Case 1: Case 2:
2x 5 5 6 4 5 2x 5 5 7 4 5
w 8 12 w 8 12
2x 6 1 2x 7 9
w 8 8 12 8 w 8 8 12 8 2x 1 2x 9
w 20 w 4 2
6 2 2
7 2
The solution set is 54, 206. x 6 2
1
x 7 2
9 1
or 42
128 4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 5 1
The solution set is x ƒ 42 6 x 6 2 .
1
6
43. Write ƒ q 5 ƒ 2 as q 5 2 or q 5 2.
Case 1: Case 2: 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2
q52 q 5 2 49. Write 0 3d 4 0 6 8 as 3d 4 6 8 and
q5525 q 5 5 2 5 3d 4 7 8.
q 3 q 7 Case 1: Case 2:
The solution set is 57, 36. 3d 4 6 8 3d 4 7 8
3d 4 4 6 8 4 3d 4 4 7 8 4
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 3d 6 4 3d 7 12
44. Write ƒ h 5 ƒ 7 7 as h 5 7 7 or h 5 6 7. 3d 4 3d 12
3
6 3 3
7 3
Case 1: Case 2: 4 1
d 6 or 13 d 7 4
5 6.
h5 7 7 h 5 6 7 3
1
h55 7 75 h 5 5 6 7 5 The solution set is d ƒ 4 6 d 6 13
h 7 2 h 6 12
The solution set is 5h ƒ h 6 12 or h 7 26. 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
16141210 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 each ordered pair into the inequality.
45. Write ƒ w 8 ƒ 1 as w 8 1 or w 8 1.
x y 3x 2y < 9 True or False
Case 1: Case 2:
w81 w 8 1 1 3 3(12 2(32 6 9
false
w8818 w 8 8 1 8 9 6 9
w 7 w 9 3 2 3(32 2(22 6 9
false
13 6 9
The solution set is {w ƒ w 9 or w 7}.
2 7 3(22 2(72 6 9
true
8 6 9
109 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
4 11 3(42 2(112 6 9
false
10 6 9
The ordered pair 5(2, 726 is part of the solution
set.
297 Chapter 6
51. Use a table to substitute the x and y values of 54. Since the boundary is not included in the
each ordered pair into the inequality. solution, draw a dashed line.
x y 5 y 4x True or False Test the point (0, 0).
y 2x 6 3
2 5 5 (52 4(22 0 2(0) 6 3
true
10 8
112 2
0 6 3 false
1
2
7 574 The half plane that does not contain (0, 0) should
false
2 2 be shaded.
1 6 5 6 4(12 y
true
1 4 y 2x 3
3 20 5 20 4(32
false
15 12
The ordered pairs {(2, 5), (1, 6)} are part of O x
the solution set.
1
x y 2
y 6x True or False
55. Since the boundary is included in the solution,
1
4 15 2
(152 6 (42 draw a solid line.
1 true Test the point (0, 0).
72 10
1
x 2y 4
5 1 2
(12 65 0 2(0) 4
1 true 0 4 false
2
1
1
The half plane that does not contain (0, 0) should
3 8 2
(82 63 be shaded.
false
43 y
1
2 25 2
(252 6 (22
1 false
122 8 x 2y 4
x
The ordered pairs {(4, 15), (5, 1)} are part of the O
solution set.
x y 2x 8 y True or False
5 10 2(5) 6 8 10
true draw a solid line.
10 6 2
Test the point (0, 0).
3 6 2(3) 6 8 6 y 5x 1
true
6 6 2 0 5(0) 1
4 0 2(42 6 8 0 01 true
false
8 6 8 The half plane that contains (0, 0) should be
3 6 2(32 6 8 6 shaded.
6 6 2 false
y
The ordered pairs 5(5, 102, (3, 626 are part of the
solution set.
O x
y 5x 1
Chapter 6 298
57. Since the boundary is not included in the 6. 9p 6 8p 18

solution, draw a dashed line. 9p 8p 6 8p 18 8p
Test the point (0, 0). p 6 18
2x 3y 7 6 Check: Substitute 18, a number less than
2(0) 3(0) 7 6 18, and a number greater than 18.
0 7 6 false Let p 18 Let p 20
The half plane that does not contain (0, 0) should ? ?
9(18) 6 8(18) 18 9(20) 6 8(20) 18
be shaded. ? ?
162 6 144 18 180 6 160 18
y
162 162 180 6 178 ✓
Let p 10.
?
9(10) 6 8(10) 18
?
O x 90 6 80 18
90 98
2x 3y 6
The solution set is 5p ƒ p 6 186.
7. d 5 6 2d 14
d 5 d 6 2d 14 d
5 6 d 14
Chapter 6 Practice Test 5 14 6 d 14 14
9 6 d
Page 363 9 6 d is the same as d 7 9.
1. 5t ƒ t 176 Check: Substitute 9, a number less than 9,
2. 6(a 52 6 2a 8 Original equation and a number greater than 9.
6a 30 6 2a 8 Distributive Let d 9. Let d 0.
? ?
Property 9 5 6 2(9) 14 0 5 6 2(02 14
6a 30 2a 6 2a 8 2a Subtract 2a from ?
4 6 18 14 5 14
each side.
4 4
4a 30 6 8 Simplify.
4a 30 30 6 8 30 Subtract 30 from Let d 12.
?
each side. 12 5 6 2(12) 14
4a 6 22 Simplify. ?
7 6 24 14
4a 22 Divide each side
4
6 4 7 6 10 ✓
The solution set is 5d|d 7 96.
by 4.
a 6 5.5 Simplify. 7
21
The solution set is 5a ƒ a 6 5.56.
8. w
12 187 2(21)
8
8 7
3. Sample answer: 2 6 x 6 8 is a compound 7 8
w
inequality that is an intersection since it can be w 24
written using and as 2 6 x and x 6 8. Check: Substitute 24, a number less than
Sample answer: x 6 2 or x 7 8 is a compound 24, and a number greater than 24.
inequality that is a union since it contains the Let w 24. Let w 40. Let w 16.
word or. 7 ? 7 ? 7 ?
(242 21 (402 21 (162 21
4. Both graphs have dots at 3 and 3. The graph of 8 8 8
ƒ x ƒ 3 is darkened between the two dots. The 21 21 ✓ 35 21 14 21 ✓
graph of ƒ x ƒ 3 is darkened to the right of the The solution set is 5w ƒ w 246.
dot at 3 and to the left of the dot at 3.
9. 22b 99
5. 23 g 6 22b 99
23 6 g 6 6 22
22
17 g b 4.5
17 g is the same as g 17. Check: Substitute 4.5, a number less than
Check: Substitute 17, a number less than 4.5, and a number greater than 4.5.
17, and a number greater than 17. Let b 4.5. Let b 6.
? ?
Let g 17. Let g 20. 22(4.5) 99 22(6) 99
? ?
23 17 6 23 20 6 99 99 ✓ 132 99
23 23 ✓ 23 26 ✓ Let b 1.
Let g 10. 22(1) 99
?
?
23 10 6 22 99 ✓
23 4 The solution set is 5b ƒ b 4.56.
The solution set is {g ƒ g 17}.
299 Chapter 6
10. 4m 11 8m 7 13. 0.3( y 4) 0.8(0.2y 2)

4m 11 4m 8m 7 4m 0.3y 1.2 0.16y 1.6
11 4m 7 0.3y 1.2 0.16y 0.16y 1.6 0.16y
11 7 4m 7 7 0.14y 1.2 1.6
18 4m 0.14y 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.2
18

4m 0.14y 2.8
4 4 0.14y 2.8
4.5 m 0.14
0.14
4.5 m is the same as m 4.5. y 20
Check: Substitute 4.5, a number less than Check: Substitute 20, a number less than 20,
4.5, and a number greater than 4.5. and a number greater than 20.
Let m 4.5. Let y 20.
? ?
4(4.52 11 8(4.52 7 0.3(20 4) 0.8[0.2(20) 2]
? ?
18 11 36 7 0.3(16) 0.8(4 2)
29 29 ✓ ?
4.8 0.8(6)
Let m 6. Let m 0. 4.8 4.8 ✓
? ?
4(62 11 8(62 7 4(02 11 8(02 7 Let y 10.
? ?
24 11 48 7 11 7 0.3(10 4) 0.8[0.2(10) 2]
35 41 ✓ ?
0.3(6) 0.8(2 2)
The solution set is {m ƒ m 4.5}. ?
1.8 0.8(4)
11. 3(k 2) 7 12 1.8 3.2 ✓
3k 6 7 12
Let y 30.
3k 6 6 7 12 6 ?
3k 7 6 0.3(30 4) 0.8[0.2(30) 2]
?
3k
6
6 0.3(26) 0.8(6 2)
3 3 ?
k 6 2 7.8 0.8(8)
7.8 6.4
and a number greater than 2. The solution set is { y|y 20}.
Let k 2. Let k 5. 14. Let p the selling price of the house.
? ? The selling
3(2 2) 7 12 3(5 2) 7 12 price minus 1
7% times the selling price 14243
is at least 14243
$110,000.
14243 123 23 123 1442443
? ?
3(4) 7 12 3(7) 7 12 p – 0.07 p 110,000
12 12 21 7 12 ✓ p 0.07p 110,000
Let k 3. 0.93p 110,000
? 0.93p
3(3 2) 7 12
110,000
0.93 0.93
p 118,280 1to the nearest dollar2
?
3(1) 7 12
3 12
The solution set is 5k|k 6 26.
The selling price must be at least $118,280.
15. 6 ƒrƒ 3
f 5
12. 3
7 3 6 ƒrƒ 6 3 6
f 5 ƒ r ƒ 3
(3) 3 7 (3)(3)
ƒ r ƒ 3 means that the distance between r and
f5 7 9 0 is 3 units. Since distance cannot be negative,
f55 7 9 5
there is no real number that makes this
f 7 4
statement true. The solution set is the empty
Check: Substitute 4, a number less than 4, set .
16. Write |d|
2 as d
2 or d 2.
Let f 4. Let f 10. Let f 5.
? ? ? The solution set is {d|d is a real number}.
4 5 10 5 5 5
3
7 3 3
7 3 3
7 3
9 ? 15 ? 0 ?
3
7 3 3
7 3 3
7 3
3 3 5 3 0 7 3 ✓
The solution set is { f|f
4}.
Chapter 6 300
17. r3 7 2 and 4r 6 12 20. Write |2a 5| 6 7 as 2a 5 6 7 and

r33 7 23 6
4r 12 2a 5 7 7.
4 4
r 7 1 r 6 3 Case 1: Case 2:
The solution set is the intersection of the two 2a 5 6 7 2a 5 7 7
graphs. 2a 5 5 6 7 5 2a 5 5 7 7 5
2a 6 12 2a 7 2
Graph r
1. 2a 12 2a 2
Graph r 3. 2
6 2 2
7 2
Find the intersection. a 6 6 a 7 1

The solution set is 5a|1 6 a 6 66.
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
3 21 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
21. Write |7 3s| 2 as 7 3s 2 or 7 3s 2.
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Case 1: Case 2:
7 3s 2 7 3s 2
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 3s 7 2 7 7 3s 7 2 7
3s 5 3s 9
The solution set is {r| 1 r 3}. 3s
3
5 3s
3
9
3 3
18. 3n 2 17 or 3n 2 1 5 2
s 3 or 13 s3
5 6
3n 2 2 17 2 3n 2 2 1 2
2
3n 15 3n 3 The solution set is s|s 13 or s 3 .
3n 15 3n 3
3
3 3
3
n5 n 1 3 21 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
The solution set is the union of the two graphs. 22. Write |7 5z| 7 3 as 7 5z 7 3 or
Graph n 5. 7 5z 6 3.
Case 1: Case 2:
Graph n 1.
7 5z 7 3 7 5z 6 3
Find the union.
7 5z 7 7 3 7 7 5z 7 6 3 7
5z 7 4 5z 6 10
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 5z 4 5z 10
5
6 5 5
7 5
z 6 0.8 z 7 2
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 The solution set is {z|z 6 0.8 or z 7 2}.
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 543 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
The solution set is {n|n 1 or n 5}. 1
n 3
19. 9 2p 7 3 and 13 7 8p 3 4
1
9 2p 9 7 3 9 13 3 7 8p 3 3 (4) 4n (4) (3)
2p 7 6 16 7 8p n 12
2p 6 16
7 7
8p
2 2 8 8
p 7 3 2 7 p
Let n 12. Let n 20. Let n 4.
1122 1202 142
1 ? 1 ? 1 ?
graphs. 4
3 4
3 4
3
Graph p 7 3. 3 3 ✓ 5 3 1 3 ✓
Graph p 6 2. The solution set is {n|n 12}.
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
The solution set is { p|3 6 p 6 2}.
301 Chapter 6
24. Let n the number. The half plane that contains (0, 0) should be
14 3n 6 2 shaded.
14 3n 14 6 2 14 y
3n 6 12
3n 12
3
7 3
n 7 4
Check: Substitute 4, a number less than 4, O x
Let n 4. Let n 2. Let n 6. y 3x 2
? ? ?
14 3(4) 6 2 14 3(2) 6 2 14 3(6) 6 2
? ? ?
14 12 6 2 14 6 6 2 14 18 6 2
2 2 8 2 4 6 2 ✓ 28. Since the boundary is not included in the
The solution set is 5n|n 7 46. solution, draw a dashed line.
25. Let n the number. Test the point (0, 0).
13 6 2n 5 6 21 2x 3y 6 6
First express 13 6 2n 5 6 21 using and. 2(0) 3(0) 6 6
0 6 6 true
13 6 2n 5 and 2n 5 6 21
13 5 6 2n 5 5 2n 5 5 6 21 5 The half plane that contains (0, 0) should be
18 6 2n 2n 6 26 shaded.
18 2n 2n 26 y
2
6 2 2
6 2
9 6 n n 6 13
The solution set is the intersection of 9 6 n and
n 6 13. x
O
Check: Substitute a number less than 9, 9, a
number between 9 and 13, 13, and a 2x 3y 6
number greater than 13.
Let n 2. Let n 9.
? ? ? ?
13 6 2(2) 5 6 21 13 6 2(9) 5 6 21 29. Since the boundary is not included in the
? ? ? ?
13 6 4 5 6 21 13 6 18 5 6 21 solution, draw a dashed line.
13 1 6 21 13 13 6 21 Test the point (0, 0).
Let n 11. Let n 13. x 2y 7 4
?
13 6 2(11) 5 6 21
? ?
13 6 2(13) 5 6 21
?
0 2102 7 4
? ? ? ? 0 7 4 false
13 6 22 5 6 21 13 6 26 5 6 21
The half plane that does not contain (0, 0) should
13 6 17 6 21 ✓ 13 6 21 21 be shaded.
Let n 15. y
? ?
13 6 2(15) 5 6 21
? ?
13 6 30 5 6 21
13 6 25 21
The solution set is 5n|9 6 n 6 136. O x
26. Let m the number of miles Megan drives. x 2y 4
m
Then 15 represents the number of miles per gallon
Megan’s car gets.
m m m
If 18 6 15
6 21, then 18 6 15
and 15
6 21.
m m
30. B; Find the point that is the same distance from
18 6 15 and 15
6 21 3 as the distance from 7. The midpoint of 3
115218 6 1152 15 1152 15 6 115221 and 7 is 2.
m m
5 units 5 units
270 6 m m 6 315
So, 270 6 m 6 315.
Megan can drive between 270 and 315 miles.
draw a solid line. Test the point (0, 0). –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
y 3x 2 All points on the graph are at least 5 units from 2.
0 3(0) 2 So, an inequality is |x 2| 5.
0 2 true
Chapter 6 302
Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice 9. C; The graph is the intersection of x 2 and

x 6 3. The compound inequality
x 2 and x 6 3 can be expressed as
Pages 364–365
?
2 x 6 3.
3 9
1. B; 9 7 3 10. There are 6 possible outcomes; 4 are successes
1 and 2 are failures.
3 7 3 ✓
So, the odds of rolling a number less than five are
2. D; (6) (7) 42 4 2
or 1 or 2:1.
2
3. C; V r2h 11. Since 1 h 60 min, 54 miles per hour is the same
5625 r2 1252 54 mi
as 54 miles per 60 minutes, or 60 min.
5625
25
r2 Let m the number of minutes it will take to
travel 117 mi.
225 r2
15 r 54

117
60 m
The radius is 15 cm. 54(m) 60(117)
4. B; Let h the number of hours worked. 54m 7020
80 65h 177.50 54m

7020
54 54
80 65h 80 177.50 80
65h 97.50 m 130
65h 97.50 It will take 130 min to travel 117 mi.
65
65
h 1.5 because the new amount is less than the original.
The technician worked 1.5 h. Find the change.
4(220 A)
5. B; P 5 48 36 12
4(220 15) Find the percent using the original number, 48, as
P 5 the base.
412052
5
12
100
r
48
820
5 12(100) 48(r)
164 1200 48r
Cameron’s recommended maximum pulse rate is 1200

48r
48 48
164.
25 r
6. A; For the function y 2x 1, every ordered pair
that satisfies the equation can be written as The percent of decrease is 25%.
(x, 2x 1) . To translate the graph of this function 13. Select two points on the line, for example (1, 4)
3 units up, add 3 to the y-coordinate of each point and (2, 1).
on the graph. Step 1 Find the slope of the line containing the
P(x, 2x 1) S P¿(x, (2x 1) 3) S P¿(x, 2x 2) points.
So, the equation that represents the new line, or Let (x , y ) (1, 4) and (x , y ) (2, 1).
1 1 2 2
image, is y 2x 2. y2 y1
mx x
7. D; 2 1
3 3 3 3 1 4
m2 (1)
x 4 1 2 5 8 3
m
y 16 4 8 20 32 3
m 1
12 12 12 12
Step 2 You know the slope and two points.
The difference of x values is 3, and the difference Choose one point and find the y-intercept.
of y values is 12. The difference of y values is four In this case, (2, 1) is used.
times the difference of x values. This suggests y mx b
y 4x. 1 1(2) b
Check: If x 1, then y 4(1) or 4. 1 2 b
If x 8, then y 4(8) or 32. 1 2 2 b 2
Thus, y 4x describes this set of data. 3b
8. B; Step 3 Write the slope-intercept form using
the number must be m 1 and b 3.
The sum of the grades divided by
1444442444443 14
4244
3
of4244
14
grades at least 80.
3 14243 123 y mx b
(78 82 75 x) 4 80 y 1x 3
78 82 75 x
So, the inequality is 4
80. Therefore, the equation is y x 3.
303 Chapter 6
1 2
14. The line parallel to 3y 3x 1 has the same 19. A; Since x 7 5 or x 6 7, the distance from 0 to x
slope. Rewrite the equation of the line in slope- is greater than 5 units.
intercept form, y mx b. Since 3 y 4, the distance from 0 to y is less
1 2 than 4 units.
y 3x 1
12 2
3
A number |x| that is greater than 5 is greater
1
(3) 3y (3) 3x 1 than a number |y| that is less than 4. So, the
y 2x 3 quantity in Column A is greater.
The slope of the line is 2. 20a. 10 ft
1
15. 2 (10x 8) 3(x 1) 15
5x 4 3x 3 15
2x 1 15
2x 1 1 15 1
2x 16
2x 16
2
2 10 ft 10 ft
158 ft
x8
The solution set is 5x|x 86.
16. Write |x 3| 7 5 as x 3 7 5 and x 3 6 5.
Case 1: Case 2:
x3 7 5 x 3 6 5
x33 7 53 x 3 3 6 5 3
x 7 8 x 6 2 10 ft
The solution set is {x|x 6 2 and x 7 8}. 91 ft

17. Since the boundary is not included in the
solution, draw a dashed line. Let / the length of the house.
The length cannot be the length decreased the number
Test the point (0, 0).
of the house greater than of the lot by 10 ft times of edges.
1442443 1442443 1442443 1442443 123 123 1442443
y 6 2x 4 / 91 10 2
0 6 2102 4
So, the inequality for the possible lengths of the
0 6 4 true
house is / 91 20, or / 71. Therefore, the
The half plane that contains (0, 0) should be shaded. length of the house is at most 71 ft.
y 20b. If A the area of the house, then
y 2x 4 2800 A 3200.
Since A /w, then 2800 /w 3200.
If the house has the maximum possible length,
then / 71, so 2800 71w 3200.
First express 2800 71w 3200 using and.
O x Then solve each inequality.
2800 71w and 71w 3200
2800 71w 71w 3200
71
71 71
71
18. B; Use a calculator to find an approximation for
168. 39 w w 45
(to the nearest ft)
168 8.246211251... The solution set is 5w|39 w 456.
Therefore, 168 6 9. So, the quantity in Column The width of the house can be between 39 and
B is greater. 45 ft, inclusive.
Chapter 6 304
PQ249-6481F-07[305-325] 8/6/02 08:38 PM Page 305 Sahuja Ahuja_QXP_03:Desktop Folder:6/8/02:
Chapter 7 Solving Systems of Linear Equations and Inequalities

Page 367 Getting Started Graph the ordered pairs and draw a line through
1. The only value in the range is 1. Select five the points.
values for the domain and make a table. y
x y (x, y) y4x
3 1 (3, 1)
1 1 (1, 1)
0 1 (0, 1)
O x
2 1 (2, 1)
4 1 (4, 1)
the points.
y
y 2x 3
y1 0 2x 3
0 3 2x 3 3
3 2x
3 2x
O x
2
2
1.5 x
The graph intersects the x-axis at (1.5, 0).
y 2x 3
2. Select five values for the domain and make a
y 2(0) 3
table.
y3
x 2x y (x, y) The graph intersects the y-axis at (0, 3).
2 2(2) 4 (2, 4) Plot these points and draw the line that connects
1 2(1) 2 (1, 2) them.
0 2(0) 0 (0, 0) y
1 2(1) 2 (1, 2)
2 2(2) 4 (2, 4)
the points. y 2x 3
y
y 2x O x
x
O
y 5 2x
0 5 2x
0 2x 5 2x 2x
2x 5
2x 5
2
3. Select five values for the domain and make a 2
table. x 2.5
x 4x y (x, y) The graph intersects the x-axis at (2.5, 0).
1 4 (1) 5 (1, 5) To find the y-intercept, let x 0.
0 40 4 (0, 4) y 5 2x
y 5 2(0)
2 42 2 (2, 2)
y5
4 44 0 (4, 0)
5 45 1 (5, 1)
305 Chapter 7
Plot these points and draw the line that connects 7bc d
9. 10
12
them.
7bc d
y
(10) 10 (10)12
7bc d 120
y 5 2x
7bc d d 120 d
7bc 120 d
7bc 120 d
7c
7c
120 d
b 7c
O x
120 d
The value of b is 7c .Since division by 0 is
undefined, 7c 0 or c 0.
7m n
10. 2m
6. To find the x-intercept, let y 0. q
7m n
1
y 2x 2 (q) q (q)2m
1 7m n 2qm
0 2x 2
7m n 2qm
1
0 2 2x 2 2 2m 2m
7m n
1 q
2 2x 2m
7m n
1 The value of q is 2m . Since division by 0 is
(2)(2) (2) 2x undefined, 2m 0 or m 0.
4 x 11. (3x y) (2x y) 3x y 2x y
The graph intersects the x-axis at (4, 0). 3x 2x y y
To find the y-intercept, let x 0. (3 2)x (1 1)y
1 1x 0y
y 2x 2
x
1
y 2 (0) 2 12. (7x 2y) (7x 4y) 7x 2y 7x 4y
y2 7x 7x 2y 4y
(7 7)x (2 4)y
0x (6)y
Plot these points and draw the line that connects 6y
them.
13. (16x 3y) (11x 3y) 16x 3y 11x 3y
y 16x 11x 3y 3y
(16 11)x (3 3)y
1
y 2x2 27x 0y
27x
14. (8x 4y) (8x 5y) 8x 4y 8x 5y
8x 8x 4y 5y
O x (8 8)x (4 5)y
0x (1)y
y
15. 4(2x 3y) (8x y)
7. 4x a 6x 4 # 2x 4 # 3y 8x (y)
4x a 4x 6x 4x 8x 12y 8x y
a 2x 8x 8x 12y y
a 2x
2
2
(8 8)x (12 1)y
a 0x 13y
x
2 13y
a
The value of x is 2 . 16. 3(x 4y) (x 12y) 3 x 3 4y x 12y
8. 8a y 16 3x 12y x 12y
8a y y 16 y 3x x 12y 12y
8a 16 y (3 1)x (12 12)y
8a 16 y 4x 0y
8
8 4x
16 y
a 8 17. 2(x 2y) (3x 4y) 2 x 2 2y 3x 4y
16 y 2x 4y 3x 4y
The value of a is 8 . 2x 3x 4y 4y
(2 3)x (4 4)y
5x 0y
5x
Chapter 7 306
18. 5(2x y) 2(5x 3y)

5 2x 5 y 2 5x 2 3y 7-1 Graphing Systems of Equations
10x 5y 10x 6y
10x 10x 5y 6y
(10 10)x (5 6)y Pages 371–372 Check for Understanding
0x (11)y 1. Sample answer:
11y y
19. 3(x 4y) 2(2x 6y)
(2, 3)
3 x 3 4y 2 2x 2 (6y)
3x 12y 4x (12)y
3x 4x 12y 12y
(3 4)x (12 12)y O x
7x 0y
7x
Page 368 Spreadsheet Investigation The system of equations has one solution at
(Preview of Lesson 7-1) (2, 3) since the graphs intersect at (2, 3).
1. y 400 0.1x 2. Always; if a system of linear equations has 2
2. y 375 0.15x solutions, the graphs are the same line and there
are infinitely many solutions.
3. Make a table. Substitute each ordered pair into
both equations. 3. Sample answer: The graphs of the equations
True or True or
x y 3 and 2x 2y 6 have a slope of 1.
x y y 400 0.1x y 375 0.15x Since the graphs of the equations coincide, there
False? False?
100 410 410 400 0.1(100) true ✓ 410 375 0.15(100) are infinitely many solutions.
false
410 410 410 390 1
300 420 420 400 0.1(300) 420 375 0.15(300)
4. Since the graphs of y x 4 and y 3 x 2
false true ✓
420 430 420 420 intersect, there is one solution.
500 450 450 400 0.1(500) 450 375 0.15(500) 1 1
450 450
true ✓
450 450 true ✓ 5. Since the graphs of y 3 x 2 and y 3 x 2 are
900 510 900 400 0.1(900) 510 375 0.15(900) parallel, there are no solutions.
false true ✓
900 490 510 510 6. Since the graphs of x y 4 and y x 4
Since only the ordered pair (500, 450) makes both coincide, there are infinitely many solutions.
1
statements true, the correct choice is c. 7. Since the graphs of x y 4 and y 3x 4
4. Job Salaries
intersect, there is one solution.
Total Weekly Salary
550 8. y
500
Series 1
450
y 2x
400 (0, 0)
Series 2 O x
350
0
0
0
0
0
00
20
40
60
80
10
y x
Weekly Sales
The two lines intersect at (500, 450). If

Mr. Winter makes $500 in sales, he will make The graphs appear to intersect at the point with
$450 for either job. coordinates (0, 0). Check this estimate by
5. Sample answer: Write and graph two linear replacing x with 0 and y with 0 in each equation.
equations. Find the point where the graphs Check: y x y 2x
? ?
intersect. 0 0 0 2(0)
00✓ 00✓
There is one solution. It is (0, 0).
307 Chapter 7
9. y 13. y
xy8
xy2
(1, 3)
xy2 (5, 3)
y 4x 7
x O x
O
The graphs appear to intersect at the point with The graphs appear to intersect at the point with
coordinates (5, 3). Check this estimate by coordinates (1, 3). Check this estimate by
replacing x with 5 and y with 3 in each equation. replacing x with 1 and y with 3 in each
Check: xy8 xy2 equation.
? ?
538 532 Check: xy2 y 4x 7
? ?
88✓ 22✓ 1 3 2 3 4(1) 7
?
There is one solution. It is (5, 3). 22✓ 3 4 7
10. y 33✓
2x 4y 2 There is one solution. It is (1, 3).
14. Let a the price for an adult, and let
c the price for a child.
O x Rodriguez family: 2a 3c 40.50
Wong family: 3a c 38.00
3x 6y 3 Graph the equations 2a 3c 40.50 and
3a c 38.
c
36
The graphs of the equations coincide. Since every 32 3a c 38
Price of Child Ticket
point is a point of intersection, there are infinitely 28

many solutions to this system of equations. 24
11. y 20
16
12
(10.5, 6.5)
xy4 8
4 2a 3c 40.50
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 a
Price of Adult Ticket
O x
xy1 The graphs appear to intersect at the point with
coordinates (10.5, 6.5). Check this estimate by
replacing a with 10.5 and c with 6.5 in each
The graphs of the equations are parallel lines. equation.
Since they do not intersect, there are no solutions Check:
to this system of equations. 2a 3c 40.50 3a c 38.00
12. y ? ?
2(10.5) 3(6.5) 40.50 3(10.5) 6.5 38.00
? ?
21 19.5 40.50 31.5 6.5 38.00
40.5 40.50 ✓ 38 38.00 ✓
The price for an adult was $10.50, and the price
3y 2x 9 (3, 1)
x for a child was $6.50.
O
xy2
15. Since the graphs of x 3 and y 2x 1
The graphs appear to intersect at the point with intersect, there is one solution.
coordinates (3, 1). Check this estimate by 16. Since the graphs of y x 2 and y 2x 4
replacing x with 3 and y with 1 in each equation. intersect, there is one solution.
Check: xy2 3y 2x 9 17. Since the graphs of y x 2 and y x 2
? ?
312 3(1) 2(3) 9 coincide, there are infinitely many solutions.
?
22✓ 369 18. Since the graphs of y 2x 1 and y 2x 4 are
99✓ parallel, there are no solutions.
Chapter 7 308
19. Since the graphs of y 3x 6 and y 2x 4 26. y

intersect, there is one solution. y 2x 6
20. Since the graphs of 2y 4x 2 and y 2x 4 O x
are parallel, there are no solutions. (2, 2)
21. Since the graphs of 2y 4x 2 and y 3x 6
intersect, there is one solution.
22. Since the graphs of 2y 4x 2 and y 2x 1 y x
coincide, there are infinitely many solutions.
23. y
The graphs appear to intersect at (2, 2). Check
O x
in each equation.
4x y 2 Check: y x y 2x 6
? ?
2 (2) 2 2(2) 6
y 6 ?
(2, 6)
2 2 ✓ 2 4 6
2 2 ✓
27. y
in each equation.
Check: y 6 4x y 2 O x
?
6 6 ✓ 4(2) (6) 2
?
8 (6) 2 y 3x 4
22✓ y 3x 4 (0, 4)
24. y
x2 The graphs appear to intersect at (0, 4). Check

in each equation.
3x y 8
Check: y 3x 4 y 3x 4
? ?
O x 4 3(0) 4 4 3(0) 4
(2, 2) 4 4 ✓ 4 4 ✓
28. y
y x 3
in each equation.
Check: x2 3x y 8
? y 2x 6
22✓ 3(2) (2) 8
? (3, 0) O x
628
88✓
25. y The graphs appear to intersect at (3, 0). Check
in each equation.
(4, 2) Check: y 2x 6 y x 3
y 1x ? ?
2 0 2(3) 6 0 (3) 3
? ?
O x 0 6 6 033
00✓ 00✓
2x y 10
The graphs appear to intersect at (4, 2). Check in

each equation.
1
Check: y 2x 2x y 10
? 1 ?
2 2 (4) 2(4) 2 10
?
22✓ 8 2 10
10 10 ✓
309 Chapter 7
29. y 33. y
16
3x y 6
12
5x 3y 6
8
(6, 8)
O (2, 0 ) x
4
2x y 4 O x
x 2y 2
16 12 8 4
The graphs appear to intersect at (2, 0). Check in The graphs appear to intersect at (6, 8). Check
each equation. in each equation.
Check: x 2y 2 3x y 6 Check: 2x y 4 5x 3y 6
? ? ? ?
2 2(0) 2 3(2) 0 6 2(6) 8 4 5(6) 3(8) 6
22✓ 66✓ ?
12 8 4
?
30 24 6
There is one solution. It is (2, 0). 4 4 ✓ 6 6 ✓
30. y There is one solution. It is (6, 8).
xy 2
34. y
5x 8y 17
(2, 4)
(3, 4)
2y x 10
x
O
O x
4x 3y 24
in each equation. The graphs appear to intersect at (3, 4). Check in
Check: xy2 2y x 10 each equation.
? ?
2 4 2 2(4) (2) 10 Check: 4x 3y 24 5x 8y 17
? ? ?
22✓ 8 2 10 4(3) 3(4) 24 5(3) 8(4) 17
10 10 ✓ ?
12 12 24
?
15 32 17
There is one solution. It is (2, 4). 24 24 ✓ 17 17 ✓
31. y There is one solution. It is (3, 4).
3x 2y 12 35. y
2y 6x 6
3x 2y 6
3x y 3
x
O x
O
The graphs of the equations are parallel lines.

Since they do not intersect, there are no solutions The graphs of the equations coincide. Since every
to this system of equations. point is a point of intersection, there are infinitely
32. y many solutions to this system of equations.
4x 6y 8
2x 3y 4
O x
The graphs of the equations coincide. Since every

point is a point of intersection, there are infinitely
many solutions to this system of equations.
Chapter 7 310
36. y 40. y
12 y 1x 2
3y x 5 2
10
8
6 (8, 6)
yx3
(1, 2) 4
2
O x
O x 2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
2
1 1
4 x 3y 6
2
The graphs appear to intersect at (1, 2). Check The graphs appear to intersect at (8, 6). Check in
in each equation. each equation.
Check: yx3 3y x 5 Check:
1
x
1
3y 6
1
y 2x 2
? ? 2
2 1 3 3(2) (1) 5 1 1 ? ? 1
? (8) 3 (6) 6 6 2 (8) 2
22✓ 615 2
? ?
55✓ 426 642
66✓ 66✓
37. y
x 41. Let the length of the rectangle, and let
O w the width of the rectangle.
2x 3y 17
/ 2w 1
2/ 2w 40
yx4 Graph the equations / 2w 1 and
(1, 5) 2/ 2w 40.
l
18
16
The graphs appear to intersect at (1, 5). 14
(7, 13)
Length (m)
Check in each equation. 12

2l 2w 40
Check: 2x 3y 17 yx4 10
? ? 8
2(1) 3(5) 17 5 1 4
? 6
2 (15) 17 5 5 ✓ 4 l 2w 1
17 17 ✓ 2
There is one solution. It is (1, 5). 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 w
38. y Width (m)
O x
in each equation.
Check: / 2w 1 2/ 2w 40
? ?
3y 2x 13 2(7) 1 2(13) 2(7) 40
? ?
13 14 1 26 14 40
2 13 13 ✓ 40 40 ✓
y 3x5
The length of the rectangle is 13 m, and the width
of the rectangle is 7 m.
Since they do not intersect, there are no solutions
to this system of equations.
39. y
16
14 3
12 6 8y x
10
8 2 1
3
x 4y 4
6
4
2
O x
2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

311 Chapter 7
42. Graph the equations y 2x 6, 3x 2y 19, Graph the equations h 10 15m and
and y 2. h 150 20m.
y h
14 180
y 2x 6 160
3x 2y 19
10 140 h 150 20m
Height (m)
8 (1, 8) 120
6 100
y2 h 10 15m
(–2, 2) (5, 2) 80
(4, 70)
O 60
40
–8 –6 –4 –2–2 2 4 6 8x
20
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9m
The graphs of y 2x 6 and 3x 2y 19
appear to intersect at (1, 8). Check in each Minutes
equation. The graphs appear to intersect at (4, 70). Check
Check: y 2x 6 3x 2y 19 in each equation.
?
8 2(1) 6
?
3(1) 2(8) 19 Check: h 10 15m h 150 20m
? ?
?
826
?
3 16 19 70 10 15(4) 70 150 20(4)
? ?
88✓ 19 19 ✓ 70 10 60 70 150 80
The graphs of y 2x 6 and y 2 appear to 70 70 ✓ 70 70 ✓
intersect at (2, 2). Check in each equation. The balloons will be the same height in 4 min.
Check: y 2x 6 y2 45. Substitute m 4 in each equation from
? Exercise 44.
2 2(2) 6 22✓
?
2 4 6 h 10 15m h 150 20m
22✓ h 10 15(4) h 150 20(4)
h 10 60 h 150 80
The graphs of 3x 2y 19 and y 2 appear to
h 70 h 70
intersect at (5, 2). Check in each equation.
In 4 min, both balloons will be 70 m high.
Check: 3x 2y 19 y2
? 46. Let a the total amount saved, and let
3(5) 2(2) 19 22✓
? w the number of weeks.
15 4 19
Monica: a 25 5w
19 19 ✓
Michael: a 16 8w
Therefore, the coordinates of the vertices of the
Graph the equations a 25 5w and
triangle are (1, 8), (2, 2), and (5, 2).
a 16 8w.
43. The base of the triangle from Exercise 42 is the
a
segment joining the points with coordinates (2, 2) 45 a 25 5w
and (5, 2). The length of this segment is 7 units, 40
Total Amount Saved
(3, 40)
so b 7. The height of the triangle is 6 units, the 35
length of the segment joining the points with 30
coordinates (1, 2) and (1, 8). Thus, h 6. 25
20 a 16 8w
Substitute b 7 and h 6 in the formula for the
1 15
area of a triangle, A 2bh. 10
1 5
A 2bh
0
1 0 1 2 3 4 w
A 276
Number of Weeks
A 21
So, the area of the triangle is 21 units2. The graphs appear to intersect at the point with
coordinates (3, 40). Check this estimate by
44. Let h the height of the balloon in meters, and
replacing w with 3 and a with 40 in each
let m the number of minutes.
equation.
Balloon 1: h 10 15m
Check: a 25 5w a 16 8w
Balloon 2: h 150 20m ? ?
40 25 5(3) 40 16 8(3)
? ?
40 25 15 40 16 24
40 40 ✓ 40 40 ✓
Monica and Michael will have saved the same
amount in 3 weeks.
Chapter 7 312
47. Substitute w 3 in each equation from Substitute A 4 into the equation

Exercise 46. 2A 3B 20, and solve for B.
a 25 5w a 16 8w 2A 3B 20
a 25 5(3) a 16 8(3) 2(4) 3B 20
a 25 15 a 16 24 8 3B 20
a 40 a 40 8 3B 8 20 8
Monica and Michael will each have saved $40. 3B 12
3B 12
48. For each of the years shown, the profit of the 3
3
Widget Company is greater than the profit of the B 4
Gadget Company. For example, the profit of the
So, A 4 and B 4.
Widget Company in year 1 appears to be
$6,000,000. This is greater than the profit of the 56. Graphs can show when the sales of one item are
Gadget Company in year 1, which appears to be greater than the sales of the other item and when
$3,000,000. the sales of the items are equal. Answers should
49. Since the slopes of the graphs for both companies
appear to be the same, the rates of growth appear • The sales of cassette singles equaled the sales
to be the same. Thus, neither company has a of CD singles in about 5 years or by the end of
greater rate of growth. 1996.
50. The graphs are parallel, so the lines will never • The graph of each equation contains all of the
meet. Thus, there is no year when the profits of points whose coordinates satisfy the equation.
the two companies will be equal if the profit If a point is contained in both lines, then its
patterns continue. coordinates satisfy both equations.
1
51. Let t the number of years since 1990, and let 57. B; Since the graphs of y 3 x 2 and
p the population of the Midwest in millions of 1
y 3 x 1 are parallel, the system of equations
people. has no solution.
p 60 0.4t 58. B; Since the graphs of 4x y 7 and 3x y 0
52. Let t the number of years since 1990, and let intersect, there is one solution.
p the population of the West in millions of
y
people.
p 53 1t or p 53 t
53. p 4x y 7 3x y 0
80 p 60 0.4t
(millions of people)
(1, 3)
Population
60
(11.7, 64.7)
40 p 53 t x
20
t
O Page 374 Maintain Your Skills
2 4 6 8 10 12
Years Since 1990
54. The graphs appear to intersect at (11.7, 64.7).
Check in each equation. x y y 2x True or False
Check: p 60 0.4t p 53 t 1 4 4 2(1)
? ? false
64.7 60 0.4(11.7) 64.7 53 11.7 42
?
64.7 60 4.68 64.7 64.7 ✓ 1 5 5 2(1)
false
?
64.7 64.68 5 2
64.7 64.7 (to the nearest tenth) 5 6 6 2(5)
true ✓
Since t 11.7, the populations will be the same 6 10
about 11.7 yr after 1990, or sometime in 2001. 7 0 0 2(7)
false
55. Since (2, 3) is the solution of the system of 0 14
equations, replace x with 2 and y with 3 in each The ordered pair {(5, 6)} is part of the solution
equation. set of y 2x.
Ax y 5 Ax By 20
A(2) (3) 5 A(2) B(3) 20
2A 3 5 2A 3B 20
2A 3 3 5 3
2A 8
2A 8
2
2
A4
313 Chapter 7
60. Use a table to substitute the x and y values of 66. 6a b 2a

each ordered pair into the inequality. 6a b 2a 2a 2a
4a b 0
x y y 8 3x True or False
4a b b 0 b
4 2 2 8 3(4) 4a b
true ✓
2 20 4a b
3 0 0 8 3(3) 4
4
true ✓
0 17 a 4
b
1 4 4 8 3(1)
true ✓ b
The value of a is 4 or 4 b.
1
45
7m n
1 8 8 8 3(1) 67. q
10
false
85 7m n
(q) q (q)10
The ordered pairs {(4, 2), (3, 0), (1, 4)} are part 7m n 10q
of the solution set of y 8 3x. 7m n 10q

61. Let n the number of ounces of perfume in a bottle. 10 10
7m n
The difference between the actual number and 10
q
2 is less than 0.05. The value of q is
7m n
.
10
|n 2| 6 0.05 5tz s
68. 6
Write |n 2| 6 0.05 as n 2 6 0.05 and 2
5tz s
n 2 7 0.05. (2) 2 (2)6
Case 1: n 2 6 0.05 5tz s 12
n 2 2 6 0.05 2 5tz s s 12 s
n 6 2.05 5tz 12 s
Case 2: n 2 7 0.05 5tz 12 s

n 2 2 7 0.05 2 5t 5t
12 s
n 7 1.95 z 5t
The solution set is {n|1.95 n 2.05}. The
12 s
value of z is 5t . Since division by 0 is
A bottle is accepted if it contains between 1.95 undefined, 5t 0 or t 0.
and 2.05 oz of perfume.
62. y 1 4(x 5)
y 1 4x 20 Page 375 Graphing Calculator Investigation
y 1 1 4x 20 1 (Follow-Up of Lesson 7-1)
y 4x 19
1. Step 1 Each of the equations is already solved
y 4x 4x 19 4x
for y.
4x y 19
(1)(4x y) (1) (19) y 3x 4
4x y 19 y 0.5x 6
The standard form of the equation is 4x y 19. Step 2 Enter these equations in the Y list
1 and graph.
63. y 2 3 (x 3)
113 2 (x 3)
Step 3 Use the CALC menu to find the point of
3( y 2) 3 intersection.
3y 6 x 3 KEYSTROKES: 2nd [CALC] 5 ENTER
3y 6 3 x 3 3 ENTER ENTER
3y 3 x
The solution is approximately (2.86, 4.57).
3y 3 3y x 3y
3 x 3y 2. Step 1 Each of the equations is already solved
for y.
The standard form of the equation is x 3y 3.
y 2x 5
64. y 4 6 (x 2)
y 0.2x 4
y 4 6x 12
y 4 4 6x 12 4 See Steps 2 and 3 in Exercise 1.
y 6x 8 The solution is approximately (4.09, 3.18).
y 6x 6x 8 6x
6x y 8
The standard form of the equation is 6x y 8.
65. 12x y 10x
12x y 10x 10x 10x
2x y 0
2x y y 0 y
2x y
The value of y is 2x.
Chapter 7 314
3. Step 1 Solve each equation for y to enter them 8. Step 1 Solve each equation for y to enter them
into the calculator. into the calculator.
x y 5.35 2x 3y 11 4x y 6
x y x 5.35 x 2x 3y 2x 11 2x 4x y 4x 6 4x
y 5.35 x 3y 11 2x y 6 4x
3x y 3.75 3y 11 2x
3
3
3x y 3x 3.75 3x 11 2
y 3.75 3x y 3
3x
(1)(y) (1)(3.75 3x) See Steps 2 and 3 in Exercise 1.
y 3.75 3x The solution is (2.9, 5.6).
See Steps 2 and 3 in Exercise 1. 9. Step 1 Solve each equation for y to enter them
The solution is approximately (2.28, 3.08). into the calculator.
4. Step 1 Solve each equation for y to enter them 0.22x 0.15y 0.30
into the calculator. 0.22x 0.15y 0.22x 0.30 0.22x
0.35x y 1.12 0.15y 0.30 0.22x
0.35x y 0.35x 1.12 0.35x 0.15y 0.30 0.22x

y 1.12 0.35x 0.15 0.15
0.30 0.22x
(1)(y) (1)(1.12 0.35x) y 0.15
0.15
y 1.12 0.35x 22
y 2 15x
2.25x y 4.05
2.25x y 2.25x 4.05 2.25x 0.33x y 6.22
y 4.05 2.25x 0.33x y 0.33x 6.22 0.33x
y 6.22 0.33x
See Steps 2 and 3 in Exercise 1.
5. Step 1 Solve each equation for y to enter them
into the calculator. 10. Step 1 Solve each equation for y to enter them
into the calculator.
1.5x y 6.7
1.5x y 1.5x 6.7 1.5x 125x 200y 800
y 6.7 1.5x 125x 200y 125x 800 125x
5.2x y 4.1 200y 800 125x
200y 800 125x
5.2x y 5.2x 4.1 5.2x
200 200
y 4.1 5.2x 800 125x
(1)(y) (1)(4.1 5.2x) y 200 200
y 4.1 5.2x y 4 0.625x
See Steps 2 and 3 in Exercise 1. 65x 20y 140
The solution is approximately (1.61, 4.28). 65x 20y 65x 140 65x
6. Step 1 Solve each equation for y to enter them 20y 140 65x
20y 140 65x
into the calculator. 20
20
5.4x y 1.8 y
140
20 20
65x
5.4x y 5.4x 1.8 5.4x
y 1.8 5.4x y 7 3.25x
(1)(y) (1)(1.8 5.4x) See Steps 2 and 3 in Exercise 1.
y 1.8 5.4x The solution is approximately (1.14, 3.29).
6.2x y 3.8
6.2x y 6.2x 3.8 6.2x
y 3.8 6.2x
7. Step 1 Solve each equation for y to enter them
into the calculator.
5x 4y 26 4x 2y 53.3
5x 4y 5x 26 5x 4x 2y 4x 53.3 4x
4y 26 5x 2y 53.3 4x
4y 26 5x 2y 53.3 4x
4
4 2
2
26 5x 53.3 4x
y 4 4 y 2
2
y 6.5 1.25x y 26.65 2x
The solution is (10.2, 6.25).
315 Chapter 7

7-2 Substitution 1. Substitution may result in a more accurate
solution than graphing.
Page 376 Algebra Activity 2. Since the statement 4 2 is false, there are no
solutions of the system of equations. This means
1. Step 1 Model the equation. Since y x 4, use
that the graphs do not intersect, so they are
1 positive x tile and 4 negative 1 tiles to
graphs of parallel lines.
represent y.
3. Sample answer: y x 3 and 2y 2x 6
4. Since x 2y, substitute 2y for x in the second
3x x x x 1 1 1 equation.
4x 2y 15
1 1 1
4(2y) 2y 15
1 1
y x 1 1 8y 2y 15
1 1 10y 15
10y 15
10
3x y 8 10
3
Step 2 Add 4 positive 1 tiles to each side to y2 or 1.5
isolate the x tiles. Remove zero pairs. Use x 2y to find the value of x.
x 2y
1 1 1 x 2(1.5)
x x x x3
1 1 1
The solution is (3, 1.5).
1 1
1 1 1 1 5. Since y 3x 8, substitute 3x 8 for y in the
x
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 second equation.
y4x
4x 12 3x 8 4 x
3x 8 8 4 x 8
Step 3 Separate the tiles into 4 groups.
3x 12 x
3x x 12 x x
x 1 1 1 4x 12
4x 12
4
4
x 1 1 1 x3
Substitute 3 for x in either equation to find the
x 1 1 1
value of y.
y4x
x 1 1 1
y43
y1
The solution is (3, 1).
x3
6. Since x 1 4y, substitute 1 4y for x in the
So, the value of x is 3. first equation.
2. Replace x with 3 in the equation and solve for y. 2x 7y 3
yx4 2(1 4y) 7y 3
y34 2 8y 7y 3
y 1 2y3
The value of y is 1. 2y232
3. Since x 3 and y 1, the solution of the y 1
system of equations is the ordered pair (3, 1). (1) (y) (1)1
y 1
4. On an equation mat, use algebra tiles to model
4x 3y 10 using 1 positive x tile and 1 positive Substitute 1 for y in either equation to find the
1 tile to represent each y. Use what you know value of x.
about equation mats to solve for x. Use the value of x 1 4y
x and y x 1 to solve for y. The solution is (1, 2). x 1 4(1)
5. This method is called substitution since you x14
substitute a representation of y for y. x5
Chapter 7 316
7. Since y 3x 2, substitute 3x 2 for y in the Since both vehicles travel the same distance, t c.
first equation. Use substitution to solve this system.
6x 2y 4 c t
763 2
1
200
6x 2(3x 2) 4 c c 1
6x 6x 4 4 763 2
1 763c 12 2
200
4 4 c
(152,600) 200 (152,600)
The statement 4 4 is true. This means that
763c 200c 76,300
there are infinitely many solutions of the system
763c 200c 200c 76,300 200c
of equations.
563c 76,300
8. Solve the second equation for x since the 563c 76,300
coefficient of x is 1. 563
563
xy8 c 135.5 (to the nearest tenth)

xyy8y The Thrust SSC will pass the car at about
x8y 135.5 mi.
Find the value of y by substituting 8 y for x in
the first equation.
x 3y 12 Pages 379–381 Practice and Apply
(8 y) 3y 12 11. Since y 5x, substitute 5x for y in the second
8 4y 12 equation.
8 4y 8 12 8 2x 3y 34
4y 4 2x 3(5x) 34
4y 4
4 2x 15x 34
4
17x 34
y1 17x 34
Substitute 1 for y in either equation to find the 17
17
value of x. x2
xy8 Use y 5x to find the value of y.
x18 y 5x
x1181 y 5(2)
x9 y 10
The solution is (9, 1). The solution is (2, 10).
3 3
9. Since y 5 x, substitute 5 x for y in the second 12. Since x 4y, substitute 4y for x in the second
equation. equation.
3x 5y 15 2x 3y 44
13 2
3x 5 5x 15
2(4y) 3y 44
8y 3y 44
3x 3x 15 11y 44
0 15 11y 44
11
The statement 0 15 is false. This means that 11
there is no solution of the system of equations. y4

10. Let t the distance traveled by the Thrust SSC Use x 4y to find the value of x.
in miles, and let c the distance traveled by the x 4y
car in miles. Use a table to organize the x 4(4)
information. x 16
Rate Time Distance
13. Since x 4y 5, substitute 4y 5 for x in the
t
Thrust SSC 763 763
t second equation.
c x 3y 2
Car 200 200
c 4y 5 3y 2
4y 5 5 3y 2 5
Since the car had a head start of one-half hour,
c t 1
4y 3y 7
200
763 2. 4y 3y 3y 7 3y
y 7
Use x 4y 5 to find the value of x.
x 4y 5
x 4(7) 5
x 28 5
x 23
317 Chapter 7
14. Since y 2x 3, substitute 2x 3 for y in the 18. Solve the second equation for y since the
second equation. coefficient of y is 1.
y 4x 1 3x y 9
2x 3 4x 1 3x y 3x 9 3x
2x 3 3 4x 1 3 y 9 3x
2x 4x 4 Find the value of x by substituting 9 3x for y
2x 4x 4x 4 4x in the first equation.
2x 4 2x y 4
2x 4
2
2 2x (9 3x) 4
x2 2x 9 3x 4
9 x 4
Use y 2x 3 to find the value of y.
9 x 9 4 9
y 2x 3 x 13
y 2(2) 3 (1) (x) (1) (13)
y43 x 13
y7
The solution is (2, 7). value of y.
15. Since c d 1, substitute d 1 for c in the first 3x y 9
equation. 3(13) y 9
4c 3d 3 39 y 9
4(d 1) 3d 3 39 y 39 9 39
4d 4 3d 3 y 30
4d 4 4 3d 3 4 The solution is (13, 30).
4d 3d 7
19. Solve the second equation for x since the
4d 3d 3d 7 3d
coefficient of x is 1.
d7
Use c d 1 to find the value of c. x 3y 1
x 3y 3y 1 3y
cd1
x 1 3y
c71
c6 Find the value of y by substituting 1 3y for x in
the first equation.
3x 5y 11
16. Since y 3x 13, substitute 3x 13 for y in the
3(1 3y) 5y 11
first equation.
3 9y 5y 11
4x 5y 11 3 4y 11
4x 5(3x 13) 11 3 4y 3 11 3
4x 15x 65 11 4y 8
19x 65 11 4y 8
19x 65 65 11 65 4
4
19x 76 y2
19x 76
19
19 Substitute 2 for y in either equation to find the
value of x.
x4
Use y 3x 13 to find the value of y. x 3y 1
x 3(2) 1
y 3x 13
x61
y 3(4) 13
x6616
y 12 13
x7
y 1
17. Solve the second equation for y since the
coefficient of y is l.
4x y 11
4x y 4x 11 4x
y 11 4x
Find the value of x by substituting 11 4x for y
in the first equation.
8x 2y 13
8x 2(11 4x) 13
8x 22 8x 13
22 13
The statement 22 13 is false. This means that
there is no solution of this system of equations.
Chapter 7 318
20. Solve the second equation for y since the Find the value of r by substituting 5 5r for s
coefficient of y is 1. in the second equation.
3x y 15 4r 5s 17
3x y 3x 15 3x 4r 5(5 5r) 17
y 15 3x 4r 25 25r 17
Find the value of x by substituting 15 3x for y 21r 25 17
in the first equation. 21r 25 25 17 25
2x 3y 1 21r 42
21r 42
2x 3(15 3x) 1 21
21
2x 45 9x 1
r2
11x 45 1
Substitute 2 for r in either equation to find the
11x 45 45 1 45
value of s.
11x 44
11x 44 5r s 5
11
11 5(2) s 5
x 4 10 s 5
Substitute 4 for x in either equation to find the 10 s 10 5 10
value of y. s 5
3x y 15 (1)(s) (1) (5)
3(4) y 15 s5
12 y 15 The solution is (2, 5).
12 y 12 15 12 23. Solve the second equation for x since the
y3 coefficient of x is 1.
The solution is (4, 3). x 2y 6
21. Solve the first equation for c since the coefficient x 2y 2y 6 2y
of c is 1. x 6 2y
c 5d 2 Find the value of y by substituting 6 2y for x in
c 5d 5d 2 5d the first equation.
c 2 5d 3x 2y 12
Find the value of d by substituting 2 5d for c in 3(6 2y) 2y 12
the second equation. 18 6y 2y 12
2c d 4 18 8y 12
2(2 5d ) d 4 18 8y 18 12 18
4 10d d 4 8y 6
8y 6
4 11d 4 8
8
4 11d 4 4 4 3
11d 0 y4
11d 0 3
11 Substitute 4 for y in either equation to find the
11
value of x.
d0
x 2y 6
134 2 6
Substitute 0 for d in either equation to find the
value of c. x2
c 5d 2 x26
3
c 5(0) 2 3 3 3
c02 x2262
c2 x 42
1
1 2
The solution is (2, 0). 1 3
The solution is 42, 4 .
22. Solve the first equation for s since the coefficient
of s is 1.
5r s 5
5r s 5r 5 5r
s 5 5r
(1)(s) (1)(5 5r)
s 5 5r
319 Chapter 7
24. Solve the first equation for x since the coefficient Find the value of x by substituting 104 2x for y
of x is 1. in the first equation.
x 3y 0 0.5x 2y 17
x 3y 3y 0 3y 0.5x 2(104 2x) 17
x 3y 0.5x 208 4x 17
Find the value of y by substituting 3y for x in the 4.5x 208 17
second equation. 4.5x 208 208 17 208
3x y 7 4.5x 225
4.5x 225
3(3y) y 7 4.5
4.5
9y y 7
x 50
10y 7
10y 7
10
10 value of y.
y 10
7 2x y 104
7 2(50) y 104
Substitute 10 for y in either equation to find the 100 y 104
value of x. 100 y 100 104 100
x 3y 0 y4
x3 1107 2 0 The solution is (50, 4).
1 1
21
x 10 0 27. Since y 2x 3, substitute 2x 3 for y in the
second equation.
21 21 21
x 10 10 0 10 y 2x 1
21 1
x 10 or 210 1
x 3 2x 1
1 2.
2
1 7 1
The solution is 210, 10 2
x 3 2x 2x 1 2x
25. Solve the first equation for y since the coefficient 3
2x 3 1
of y is 1. 3
0.3x y 0.5 2x 3 3 1 3
0.3x y 0.3x 0.5 0.3x 3
2x 4
123 2132x2 123 2142

y 0.5 0.3x
Find the value of x by substituting 0.5 0.3x for y
8 2
in the second equation. x 3 or 23
0.5x 0.3y 1.9 8
0.5x 0.3(0.5 0.3x) 1.9
value of y.
0.5x 0.15 0.09x 1.9
y 2x 1
183 2 1
0.41x 0.15 1.9
0.41x 0.15 0.15 1.9 0.15 y2
0.41x 2.05 16
0.41x 2.05
y 3
1
0.41
0.41 13 1
y or 43
1 2
x5 3
2 1
Substitute 5 for x in either equation to find the The solution is 23, 43 .
value of y. 1 1
28. Since x 3, substitute 2 y 3 for x in the
2
y
0.3x y 0.5 second equation.
0.3(5) y 0.5
2x y 6
11 2
1.5 y 0.5
1.5 y 1.5 0.5 1.5 2 2y 3 y 6
y2 y6y6
The solution is (5, 2). 66
26. Solve for y in the second equation since the The statement 6 6 is true. This means that
coefficient of y is 1. there are infinitely many solutions of the system
2x y 104 of equations.
2x y 2x 104 2x
y 104 2x
Chapter 7 320
29. Let y the length of the base of the triangle, and The system of equations is a b 500 and
let x the length of each of the other sides. Since 0.25a 0.50b 0.34(500). Use substitution to
the base is 4 in. longer than the length of one of solve this system.
the other sides, y x 4. Since the perimeter is a b 500
46 in., x x y 46, or 2x y 46. Use a b b 500 b
substitution to solve this system. a 500 b
2x y 46
2x (x 4) 46 0.25a 0.50b 0.34(500)
3x 4 46 0.25(500 b) 0.50b 0.34(500)
3x 4 4 46 4 125 0.25b 0.50b 170
3x 42 125 0.25b 170
3x

42 125 0.25b 125 170 125
3 3
0.25b 45
x 14 0.25b 45
yx4 0.25
0.25
y 14 4 b 180
y 18
The length of the base is 18 in., and the length of a b 500
each of the other sides is 14 in. a 180 500
30. Let r the number of lb of raisins, and let a 180 180 500 180
s the number of lb of sunflower seeds. Use a a 320
table to organize the information. 320 gal of 25% acid solution and 180 gal of 50%
acid solution should be used.
Number of Cost per Total
Pounds Pound Cost 32. Let x the measure of angle X, and let y the
measure of angle Y. Since angles X and Y are
Raisins r 1.50 1.50r
supplementary, x y 180. Since the measure of
Sunflower Seeds s 4.00 4.00s angle X is 24 degrees greater than the measure of
Since the mix will have three times the number of angle Y, x y 24. Use substitution to solve this
lb of raisins as sunflower seeds, r 3s. Since the system.
total cost is $34.00, 1.50r 4.00s 34.00. Use x y 180
substitution to solve this system. ( y 24) y 180
1.50r 4.00s 34.00 2y 24 180
1.50(3s) 4.00s 34.00 2y 24 24 180 24
4.50s 4.00s 34.00 2y 156
8.50s 34.00 2y

156
8.50s 34.00 2 2
8.50
8.50 y 78
s4
x y 24
r 3s x 78 24
r 3(4) x 102
r 12 The measure of angle X is 102 degrees, or
The club should purchase 4 lb of sunflower seeds mX 102.
and 12 lb of raisins. The measure of angle Y is 78 degrees, or mY 78.
31. Let a the number of gallons of 25% acid 33. Let y the number of World Series won by the
solution, and let b the number of gallons of 50% Yankees, and let r the number of World Series
solution. Use a table to organize the information. won by the Reds. Since the total number of games
25% 50% 34% won by both teams is 31, y r 31. Since the
Solution Solution Solution Yankees won 5.2 times as many World Series as the
Reds, y 5.2r. Use substitution to solve this system.
Total Gallons a b 500
y r 31
Gallons of Acid 0.25a 0.50b 0.34 (500)
5.2r r 31
6.2r 31
6.2r 31
6.2
6.2
r5
y 5.2r
y 5.2(5)
y 26
The Yankees won 26 World Series, and the Reds
won 5 World Series.
321 Chapter 7
34. Let p the total price of the automobiles Shantel The number of tourists would be expected to be
sells, and let t her total income. At the first the same about 23.3 yr after 2000, or some time
dealership, t 600 0.02p. At the second during the year 2023.
dealership, t 1000 0.015p. Use substitution 38. See students’ work.
to solve this system. 39. Since y 3z 7, substitute 3z 7 for y in the
t 600 0.02p first equation.
1000 0.015p 600 0.02p 2x 3y z 17
1000 0.015p 0.015p 600 0.02p 0.015p 2x 3(3z 7) z 17
1000 600 0.005p 2x 9z 21 z 17
1000 600 600 0.005p 600 2x 10z 21 17
400 0.005p 2x 10z 21 21 17 21
400

0.005p 2x 10z 38
0.005 0.005
80,000 p Next, use this equation and the third equation in
the given system to write a system of two
Shantel will make the same income from either
equations containing only x and z.
dealership if the total price of the automobiles she
sells is $80,000. 2x 10z 38
2x z 2
35. The second offer is better if she sells less than
$80,000. The first offer is better if she sells more Solve the second equation for z since the
than $80,000. For example, suppose the total coefficient of z is 1.
price of the automobiles she sells is $50,000. 2x z 2
At the first dealership, her income will be 600 2x 2 z 2 2
0.02(50,000) or $1600; at the second dealership, 2x 2 z
her income will be 1000 0.015(50,000) or $1750. Since z 2x 2, substitute 2x 2 for z in the
Thus, the second dealership’s offer is better. first equation.
However, if the total price is $100,000, Shantel’s 2x 10z 38
income at the first dealership will be 600 2x 10(2x 2) 38
0.02(100,000) or $2600; her income at the second 2x 20x 20 38
dealership will be 1000 0.015(100,000) or 18x 20 38
$2500. Thus, the first dealership’s offer is better. 18x 20 20 38 20
36. Let y the number of years, and let h the 18x 18
18x 18
height of the tree in inches. Since the blue spruce
18
18
grows 6 in. per yr and is 4 ft, or 48 in., tall,
x 1
h 6y 48. Since the hemlock grows 4 in. per yr
and is 6 ft, or 72 in., tall, h 4y 72. Use Use 2x z 2 to find the value of z.
substitution to solve this system. 2x z 2
h 6y 48 2(1) z 2
4y 72 6y 48 2 z 2
4y 72 4y 6y 48 4y 2 2 z 2 2
72 2y 48 4 z
72 48 2y 48 48 Use y 3z 7 to find the value of y.
24 2y y 3z 7
24

2y y 3(4) 7
2 2
y 12 7
12 y y5
The trees will be the same height in 12 yr. Since x 1, y 5 and z 4, the solution is
37. Let y the number of years since 2000, and let (1, 5, 4).
t the number of tourists in millions. Since the
number of tourists visiting South America and the
Caribbean was 40.3 million, and tourism is
increasing at a rate of 0.8 million per year,
t 40.3 0.8y. Since the number of tourists to
the Middle East was 17.0 million, and tourism is
increasing at a rate of 1.8 million tourists per year,
t 17.0 1.8y. Use substitution to solve this system.
t 40.3 0.8y
17.0 1.8y 40.3 0.8y
17.0 1.8y 0.8y 40.3 0.8y 0.8y
17.0 y 40.3
17.0 y 17.0 40.3 17.0
y 23.3
Chapter 7 322
40. When problems about technology involve a Page 381 Maintain Your Skills
system of equations, the problem can be solved by 43. y
substitution. Answers should include the
xy4
following.
• To solve a system of equations using
substitution, solve one equation for one
xy3
unknown. Substitute this value for the
unknown in the other equation and solve the x
O
equation. Use this number to find the other
unknown.
Since y 2.8x 170, substitute 2.8x 170
for y in the second equation. The graphs of the equations are parallel lines.
y 14.4x 2 Since they do not intersect, there are no solutions
2.8x 170 14.4x 2 to this system of equations.
2.8x 170 2.8x 14.4x 2 2.8x 44. y
170 17.2x 2
170 2 17.2x 2 2
168 17.2x
x 2y 1
9.8 x 2x y 5
• The number of hours will be the same about
9.8 years after 1993. That represents the year
2002. O (3, 1) x
41. B; Solve the first equation for x since the

coefficient of x is 1.
x 4y 1 The graphs appear to intersect at (3, 1). Check
x 4y 4y 1 4y in each equation.
x 1 4y Check: x 2y 1 2x y 5
? ?
Since x 1 4y, the expression 1 4y could be 3 2(1) 1 2(3) (1) 5
? ?
substituted for x in the second equation. 3 (2) 1 6 (1) 5
42. C; Solve the first equation for x since the 11✓ 55✓
coefficient of x is 1. There is one solution. It is (3, 1).
x 3y 9 45. y
x 3y 3y 9 3y
x 9 3y
Find the value of y by substituting 9 3y for x 2x y 3
in the second equation.
5x 2y 7 4x 2y 6
5(9 3y) 2y 7 x
O
45 15y 2y 7
45 13y 7
45 13y 45 7 45
13y 52 The graphs of the equations coincide. Since every
13y 52
13 point is a point of intersection, there are infinitely
13
y4
Substitute 4 for y in either equation to find the
value of x.
x 3y 9
x 3(4) 9
x 12 9
x 12 12 9 12
x3
So, the value of x is 3.
323 Chapter 7
46. Step 1 The inequality is already solved for y in Step 3 Select a point in one of the half-planes
terms of x. and test it. Try (0, 0).
Step 2 Graph y 5. Since the inequality y 7 6 2x
includes y values less than 5, but not 0 7 6 2(0)
equal to 5, the boundary is not included 0 7 6 false
in the solution set. The boundary should Since the statement is false, the half-plane
be drawn as a dashed line. containing the origin is not part of the solution.
Step 3 Select a point in one of the half-planes Shade the other half-plane.
and test it. Try (0, 0). y
y 6 5
0 6 5 false
containing the origin is not part of the solution. 2x y 6
y
O x
O x
49. Let d represent the number of pounds of denim
left.
y 5 number of pounds left → 1 d ← number of pounds left

number of pairs of jeans → 5 250 ← number of pairs of jeans
1(250) 5(d)
250 5(d)
47. Step 1 There is no y in the inequality. The 250 5d
5
5
inequality is already solved for x.
50 d
Step 2 Graph x 4. Since x
4 means x 4 or
There would be 50 lb of denim left.
x 4, the boundary is included in the
solution set. The boundary should be 50. 6a 9a (6 9)a
drawn as a solid line. 3a
Step 3 Select a point in one of the half-planes 51. 8t 4t (8 4)t
and test it. Try (0, 0). 12t
x
4 52. 7g 8g (7 8)g
0
4 false 15g
Since the statement is false, the half-plane 53. 7d (2d b) 7d 2d b
containing the origin is not part of the solution. 5d b
y
1. y
x4
xy3
O x (2, 1)
O x
xy1

2x y 7 6
2x y 2x 7 6 2x The graphs appear to intersect at (2, 1). Check in
y 7 6 2x each equation.
Step 2 Graph y 6 2x. Since the inequality Check: xy3 xy1
? ?
includes values greater than 6 2x, but 213 211
not equal to 6 2x, the boundary is not 33✓ 11✓
included in the solution set. The There is one solution. It is (2, 1).
boundary should be drawn as a dashed
line.
Chapter 7 324
2. y The statement 2 2 is true. This means that

3x 2y 6 of equations.
O x
7-3 Elimination Using Addition
and Subtraction
3x 2y 6

The graphs of the equations are parallel lines. 1. Sample answer: 2a b 5, a b 4
Since the coefficients of the b terms are additive
inverses, this system can be solved by using
3. Solve the first equation for y since the coefficient addition to eliminate one variable.
of y is 1 (in both equations).
2. Subtraction can be used to eliminate one variable
xy0 for a system in which one variable has the same
xyx0x coefficient in both equations.
y x
3. Michael’s method is correct since, in order to
Find the value of x by substituting x for y in the eliminate the s terms, you must add the two
second equation. equations.
3x y 8 4. Since the coefficients of the y terms, 1 and 1,
3x (x) 8 are additive inverses, eliminate the y terms by
2x 8 adding the equations.
2x 8
2
2 x y 14
x 4 () x y 20
Substitute 4 for x in either equation to find the 2x 34
2x 34
value of y.
2
2
xy0 x 17
(4) y 0
Now substitute 17 for x in either equation to find
4 y 4 0 4
the value of y.
y4
x y 20
17 y 20
4. Solve the first equation for x since the coefficient 17 y 17 20 17
of x is 1. y3
x 2y 5 The solution is (17, 3).
x 2y 2y 5 2y
5. Since the coefficients of the b terms, 3 and 3,
x 5 2y
are additive inverses, eliminate the b terms by
Find the value of y by substituting 5 2y for x in adding the equations.
the second equation.
2a 3b 11
3x 5y 8 () a 3b 8
3(5 2y) 5y 8 3a 3
15 6y 5y 8 3a 3
15 y 8 3
3
15 y 15 8 15 a 1
y 7 Now substitute 1 for a in either equation to find
Substitute 7 for y in either equation to find the the value of y.
value of x. a 3b 8
x 2y 5 1 3b 8
x 2(7) 5 1 3b 1 8 1
x (14) 5 3b 9
x 14 5 3b
3
9
x 14 14 5 14 3
x 9 b3
5. Since y 2 x, substitute 2 x for y in the first
equation.
xy2
x (2 x) 2
22
325 Chapter 7
6. Since the coefficients of the x terms, 4 and 4, are 9. Since the coefficients of the m terms, 4 and 4,
the same, eliminate the x terms by subtracting are the same, eliminate the m terms by
the equations. subtracting the equations.
4x y 9 4m 2n 6
() 4x 2y 10 () 4m n 8
y 1 n 2
(1)(y) (1)1 Now substitute 2 for n in either equation to find
y 1 the value of m.
Now substitute 1 for y in either equation to find 4m n 8
the value of x. 4m (2) 8
4x y 9 4m 2 8
4x (1) 9 4m 2 2 8 2
4x 1 9 4m 10
4x 1 1 9 1 4m
4
10
4
4x 8
5 1
4x 8 m 2 or 22
1 2
4
4
1
x 2 The solution is 22, 2 .
The solution is (2, 1) . 10. Let x represent the first number and let y
7. Since the coefficients of the y terms, 2 and 2, are represent the second number.
the same, eliminate the y terms by subtracting x y 24
the equations. 5x y 12
6x 2y 10 Use elimination to solve the system.
() 2x 2y 10 x y 24
4x 0 ()5x y 12
4x
4
0 6x 36
4
6x 36
x0 6
6
Now substitute 0 for x in either equation to find x6
the value of y. Now substitute 6 for x in either equation to find
6x 2y 10 the value of y.
6(0) 2y 10 x y 24
2y 10 6 y 24
2y 10 6 y 6 24 6
2
2
y 18
y 5
The numbers are 6 and 18.
11. D; Since the coefficients of the x terms, 2 and 2,
8. Since the coefficients of the a terms, 2 and 2,
are the same, eliminate the x terms by
are additive inverses, eliminate the a terms by
subtracting the equations.
adding the equations.
2x 7y 17
2a 4b 30
() 2x 5y 11
() 2a 2b 21.5
2y 6
2b 8.5
2b 8.5
The value of 2y is 6.
2
2
b 4.25
Now substitute 4.25 for b in either equation to
find the value of a.
2a 4b 30
2a 4(4.25) 30
2a 17 30
2a 17 17 30 17
2a 13
2a 13
2
2
13
a 2
or 6.5
Chapter 7 326
Pages 385–386 Practice and Apply 15. Since the coefficients of the x terms, 4 and 4,
12. Since the coefficients of the y terms, 1 and 1, are additive inverses, eliminate the x terms by
are additive inverses, eliminate the y terms by adding the equations.
adding the equations. 4x 2y 8
x y 3 () 4x 3y 10
() x y 1 y 2
2x 2 (1)(y) (1)(2)
2x 2 y2
2
2
Now substitute 2 for y in either equation to find
x 1 the value of x.
Now substitute 1 for x in either equation to find 4x 3y 10
the value of y. 4x 3(2) 10
x y 3 4x 6 10
(1) y 3 4x 6 6 10 6
1 y 1 3 1 4x 4
y 2 4x 4
4
4
The solution is (1, 2) .
x 1
13. Since the coefficients of the t terms, 1 and 1, are
The solution is (1, 2) .
additive inverses, eliminate the t terms by adding
the equations. 16. Since the coefficients of the b terms, 1 and 1, are
the same, eliminate the b terms by subtracting
st4
the equations.
() s t 2
3a b 5
2s 6
() 2a b 10
2s 6
2
2 a 5
s3 Now substitute 5 for a in either equation to find
Now substitute 3 for s in either equation to find the value of b.
the value of t. 2a b 10
st4 2(5) b 10
(3) t 4 10 b 10
3t343 10 b 10 10 10
t 1 b 20
t 1 The solution is (5, 20) .
1
1
17. Since the coefficients of the m terms, 2 and 2, are
t 1
the same, eliminate the m terms by subtracting
The solution is (3, 1) . the equations.
14. Since the coefficients of the n terms, 2 and 2, 2m 5n 6
are additive inverses, eliminate the n terms by () 2m 7n 14
adding the equations.
2n 8
3m 2n 13 2n 8
() m 2n 7 2
2
4m 20 n4
4m

20 Now substitute 4 for n in either equation to find
4 4
the value of m.
m5
2m 5n 6
Now substitute 5 for m in either equation to find 2m 5(4) 6
the value of n. 2m 20 6
m 2n 7 2m 20 20 6 20
5 2n 7 2m 14
5 2n 5 7 5 2m 14

2n 2 2 2
2n 2 m7
2
2
n1
327 Chapter 7
18. Since the coefficients of the s terms, 5 and 5, 21. Since the coefficients of the s terms, 6 and 6, are
are the same, eliminate the s terms by the same, eliminate the s terms by subtracting
subtracting the equations. the equations.
3r 5s 35 6s 5t 1
() 2r 5s 30 () 6s 5t 11
r 5 10t 10
Now substitute 5 for r in either equation to find 10t 10
10
10
the value of s.
t 1
3r 5s 35
Now substitute 1 for t in either equation to find
3(5) 5s 35
the value of s.
15 5s 35
15 5s 15 35 15 6s 5t 1
5s 20 6s 5(1) 1
5s 20 6s 5 1
5
5 6s 5 5 1 5
s4 6s 6
The solution is (5, 4) . 6s 6
6
6
19. Since the coefficients of the a terms, 13 and 13,
s1
are the same, eliminate the a terms by
subtracting the equations. The solution is (1, 1) .
13a 5b 11 22. Since the coefficients of the x terms, 4 and 4, are
() 13a 11b 7 the same, eliminate the x terms by subtracting
the equations.
6b 18
6b 18
4x 3y 1
6
6 () 4x 3y 24
b3 6y 12
Now substitute 3 for b in either equation to find 6y 12
6
6
the value of a.
13a 5b 11 y2
13a 5(3) 11 Now substitute 2 for y in either equation to find
13a 15 11 the value of x.
13a 15 15 11 15 4x 3y 12
13a 26 4x 3(2) 12
13a 26 4x 6 12

13 13 4x 6 6 12 6
a 2 4x 18
The solution is (2, 3) . 4x 18
4
4
20. Since the coefficients of the x terms, 3 and 3, 9 1
x 2 or 42
1 2.
are additive inverses, eliminate the x terms by
adding the equations. The
1
solution is 42, 2
3x 5y 16
23. Since the coefficients of the b terms, 2 and 2,
() 3x 2y 10
are the same, eliminate the b terms by
3y 6 subtracting the equations.
3y 6
3
3 a 2b 5
y 2 () 3a 2b 9
Now substitute 2 for y in either equation to find 2a 4
the value of x. 2a 4
2
2
3x 5y 16 a2
3x 5(2) 16
Now substitute 2 for a in either equation to find
3x 10 16
the value of b.
3x 10 10 16 10
3x 6 a 2b 5
3x 6 2 2b 5
3
3 2 2b 2 5 2
x2 2b 3
The solution is (2, 2) . 2b
2
3
2
3 1
b 2 or 12
The solution is 2, 12 .1 1
2
Chapter 7 328
24. Since the coefficients of the y terms, 5 and 5, are Now substitute 1.75 for x in either equation to
the same, eliminate the y terms by subtracting find the value of y.
the equations. 1.44x 3.24y 5.58
4x 5y 7 1.4411.752 3.24y 5.58
() 8x 5y 9 2.52 3.24y 5.58
4x 2 2.52 3.24y 2.52 5.58 2.52
4x 2 3.24y 8.1
4
4 3.24y 8.1
1 3.24
3.24
x2
1 y 2.5
Now substitute for x in either equation to find
2 The solution is (1.75, 2.5).
the value of y.
27. Since the coefficients of the m terms, 7.2 and 7.2,
4x 5y 7
112 2 5y 7
are the same, eliminate the m terms by
4 subtracting the equations.
2 5y 7 7.2m 4.5n 129.06
2 5y 2 7 2 () 7.2m 6.7n 136.54
5y 5 2.2n 7.48
5y 5 2.2n 7.48
5
5 2.2 2.2
y1 n 3.4
The solution is 1 12.
1
2
, Now substitute 3.4 for n in either equation to find
the value of m.
25. Since the coefficients of the a terms, 8 and 8, are
the same, eliminate the a terms by subtracting 7.2m 4.5n 129.06
the equations. 7.2m 4.513.42 129.06
7.2m 15.3 129.06
8a b 1
7.2m 15.3 15.3 129.06 15.3
() 8a 3b 3
7.2m 113.76
4b 2 7.2m 113.76
4b 2
4 4
7.2 7.2
1
m 15.8
b 2 The solution is (15.8, 3.4).
1 1 1
Now substitute 2 for b in either equation to find 28. Since the coefficients of the d terms, 5 and 5, are
the value of a. additive inverses, eliminate the d terms by
8a b 1 adding the equations.
1 12
3 1
8a 2 1 5
c 5d 9
7 1
1
8a 2 1 () 5
c 5d 11
1 1
8a 2 2 1 2
1 2c 20
2c 20
3
8a 2 2 2
118 28a 118 232

c 10
Now substitute 10 for c in either equation to find
3
a 16 the value of d.
1163 , 12 2.
3 1
The solution is 5
c 5d 9
3 1
26. Since the coefficients of the y terms, 3.24 and 5
(10) 5d 9
3.24, are additive inverses, eliminate the y terms 6 5d 9
1
by adding the equations.
1
1.44x 3.24y 5.58 6 5d 6 9 6
() 1.08x 3.24y 9.99 1
5d 3
1 2
2.52x 4.41 1
2.52x 4.41 (5) 5d (5)3
2.52
2.52
d 15
x 1.75
329 Chapter 7
1 1 32. Let x represent the first number and let y

29. Since the coefficients of the y terms, 2 and 2,
are the same, eliminate the y terms by represent the second number.
subtracting the equations. 3x y 18
2 1 2x y 12
3
x 2y 14
5 1
Use elimination to solve the system.
() 6 x 2 y 18 3x y 18
1
6x 4 () 2x y 12
1 2 (6)(4)
1 5x 30
(6) 6x 5x 30

x 24 5 5

the value of y. Now substitute 6 for x in either equation to find
2 1 the value of y.
x 2y 14
3 3x y 18
2 1
3
(24) 2y 14 3(6) y 18
1 18 y 18
16 2y 14
18 y 18 18 18
1
16 2y 16 14 16 y0
1
2y 2 The numbers are 6 and 0.
1 2
1
33. Let x represent the first number and let y
(2) 2y (2)(2) represent the second number.
y4 x 2y 23
The solution is (24, 4). 4x 2y 38
30. Let x represent the first number and y represent Use elimination to solve the system.
the second number. x 2y 23
x y 48 () 4x 2y 38
x y 24 3x 15
Use elimination to solve the system. 3x

15
3 3
x y 48
x5
() x y 24
2x 72
2x 72
the value of y.
2
2 x 2y 23
x 36 5 2y 23
Now substitute 36 for x in either equation to find 5 2y 5 23 5
the value of y. 2y 18
2y 18
x y 48 2
2
36 y 48 y9
36 y 36 48 36
y 12
31. Let x represent the first number and let y
represent the second number.
x y 51
x y 13
x y 51
() x y 13
2x 64
2x 64
2
2
x 32
the value of y.
x y 51
32 y 51
32 y 32 51 32
y 19
Chapter 7 330
34. Let u represent the number of motor vehicles Rewrite t d 0.467 so that the system can be
produced in the United States in millions, and let written in column form.
j represent the number of motor vehicles t d 0.467
produced in Japan in millions. t d d 0.467 d
uj2 t d 0.467
u j 22 Use elimination to solve the system.
Rewrite u j 2 so that the system can be t d 0.467
written in column form. () t d 12.867
uj2 2t 13.334
ujj2j 2t 13.334

uj2 2 2
Use elimination to solve the system. t 6.667

uj 2 Now substitute 6.667 for t in either equation to
() u j 22 find the value of d.
2u 24 t d 0.467
2u 24 6.667 d 0.467
2
2 6.667 0.467 d 0.467 0.467
u 12 6.200 d
Now substitute 12 for u in either equation to find In 1999, Troy Aikman earned $6.667 million and
the value of j. Deion Sanders earned $6.200 million.
uj2 37. China’s population in 2000, when x 0, is
12 j 2 1.28 billion people. This means (0, 1.28) is in the
12 2 j 2 2 solution set for the equation. China’s population
10 j in 2050, when x 50, is 1.52 billion people.
In 1999, the U.S. produced about 12 million motor This means (50, 1.52) is in the solution set for
vehicles and Japan produced about 10 million the equation. Let (x1, y1) (0, 1.28) and
motor vehicles. (x2, y2) (50, 1.52).
y2 y1
35. Let a represent the adult price and let s represent mx x1
2
the student price.
1.52 1.28
2a 5s 77 m 50 0
2a 7s 95 m
0.24
50
m 0.0048
2a 5s 77
The slope is 0.0048.
() 2a 7s 95
Choose (0, 1.28) and find the y-intercept of the line.
2s 18
2s 18
y mx b
2
2 1.28 0.0048(0) b
s9 1.28 b
Now substitute 9 for s in either equation to find Write the slope-intercept form using m 0.0048
the value of a. and b 1.28.
2a 5s 77 y mx b
2a 5(9) 77 y 0.0048x 1.28
2a 45 77 Therefore, the equation is y 0.0048x 1.28.
2a 45 45 77 45
2a 32
2a 32
2
2
a 16
The adult price of the tour is $16 and the student
price of the tour is $9.
36. Let t represent the amount earned by
Troy Aikman in millions and let d represent the
amount earned by Deion Sanders in millions.
t d 0.467
t d 12.867
331 Chapter 7
38. India’s population in 2000, when x 0, is Use elimination to solve the system.
1.01 billion people. This means (0, 1.01) is in the 2A B 15
solution set for the equation. India’s population in () 2 A B 9
2050, when x 50, is 1.53 billion people. This 4A 24
means (50, 1.53) is in the solution set for the 4A 24
equation. Let (x1, y1) (0, 1.01) and 4
4
(x2, y2) (50, 1.53). A6
y2 y1
mx x1
Now substitute 6 for A in either equation to find
2
the value of B.
1.53 1.01
m 50 0 2A B 15
m
0.52 2(6) B 15
50
12 B 15
m 0.0104 12 B 12 15 12
The slope is 0.0104. B3
Choose (0, 1.01) and find the y-intercept of the line. So, the value of A is 6 and the value of B is 3.
y mx b 41. Elimination can be used to solve problems about
1.01 0.0104(0) b meteorology if the coefficients of one variable are
1.01 b the same or are additive inverses. Answers should
Write the slope-intercept form using m 0.0104 include the following.
and b 1.01. • The two equations in the system of equations
y mx b are added or subtracted so that one of the
y 0.0104x 1.01 variables is eliminated. You then solve for the
Therefore, the equation is y 0.0104x 1.01. remaining variable. This number is substituted
39. From Exercise 37, China’s population is into one of the original equations, and that
represented by y 0.0048x 1.28. From equation is solved for the other variable.
Exercise 38, India’s population is represented by • n d 24 Write the equations in
y 0.0104x 1.01. Use elimination to solve the column form and add.
system. () n d 12
y 0.0048x 1.28 2n 36 Notice the d variable
() y 0.0104x 1.01 is eliminated.
2n 36
0 0.0056x 0.27 2
2
Divide each side by 2.
0 0.0056x 0.0056x 0.27 0.0056x n 18 Simplify.
0.0056x 0.27
0.0056x 0.27
n d 24 First equation
0.0056
0.0056 18 d 24 n 18
x 48 18 d 18 24 18 Subtract 18 from each
Now substitute 48 for x in either equation to find side.
the value of y. d6 Simplify.
y 0.0048x 1.28 On the winter solstice, Seward, Alaska, has
y 0.0048(48) 1.28 18 hours of darkness and 6 hours of daylight.
y 0.2304 1.28 42. B; Use elimination to solve the system.
y 1.5104 2x 3y 9
The populations of China and India are predicted () 3x 3y 12
to be the same about 48 yr after 2000, or in 2048. x 3
At that time, the predicted population is about (1)(x) (1)3
1.51 billion people. x 3
40. Since the graphs intersect at (2, 1), (x, y) (2, 1) Now substitute 3 for x in either equation to find
must make both equations true. Substitute 2 for x the value of y.
and 1 for y in both equations to find the values of 2x 3y 9
A and B. 2(3) 3y 9
Ax By 15 Ax By 9 6 3y 9
A(2) B(1) 15 A(2) B(1) 9 6 3y 6 9 6
2A B 15 2A B 9 3y 3
3y 3
3
3
y1
The value of y is 1.
Chapter 7 332
43. C; Use elimination to solve the system. Since x 2y 5, substitute 2y 5 for x in the
4x 2y 8 second equation.
() 2x 2y 2 4y 3x 1
2x 6 4y 3(2y 5) 1
2x 6 4y 6y 15 1
2
2 2y 15 1
x3 2y 15 15 1 15
Now substitute 3 for x in either equation to find 2y 14
2
2
4x 2y 8
y 7
4(3) 2y 8
12 2y 8 Substitute 7 for y in either equation to find the
12 2y 12 8 12 value of x.
2y 4 2y x 5
2y 4 2(7) x 5

2 2 14 x 5
y 2 14 x 14 5 14
The solution is (3, 2). x 9
(1)(x) (1)(9)
x 9
Page 386 Maintain Your Skills The solution is (9, 7).
44. Since y 5x, substitute 5x for y in the second 47. y
equation.
x 2y 22
x 2(5x) 22 3x y 1
x 10x 22
O x
11x 22
11x
11
22 xy3 (1, 2)
11
x2
Use y 5x to find the value of y.
y 5x The graphs appear to intersect at (1, 2). Check
y 5(2) in each equation.
y 10 Check: xy3 3x y 1
? ?
The solution is (2, 10). 1 (2) 3 3(1) (2) 1
? ?
45. Since x 2y 3, substitute 2y 3 for x in the 123 3 (2) 1
second equation. 33✓ 11✓
3x 4y 1 There is one solution. It is (1, 2).
3(2y 3) 4y 1 48. y
6y 9 4y 1
10y 9 1 3y 7 2x
10y 9 9 1 9
10y 10
10y 10 x
10
10
O
y 1
2x 3y 7
Use x 2y 3 to find the value of x.
x 2y 3
x 2(1) 3
x 2 3
x1
46. Solve the first equation for x since the coefficient
of x is 1.
2y x 5
2y x x 5 x
2y 5 x
2y 5 5 x 5
2y 5 x
333 Chapter 7
49. y 4. Multiply the first equation by 4 so the coefficients

of the y terms are additive inverses. Then add the
12 4x y 12
equations.
8 2x y 6 Multiply by 4. 8x 4y 24
3x 4y 2 () 3x 4y 2
4 11x 22
O x 11x 22
11
11
4 8
x 3 1y x2
4
The graphs of the equations coincide. Since every the value of y.
point is a point of intersection, there are infinitely 2x y 6
many solutions to this system of equations. 2(2) y 6
5
50. The line parallel to y 4x 3 has slope 4.
5 4y6
5 4y464
Replace m with 4, and (x1, y1 ) with (0, 0) in the
y 2
point-slope form. (1)(y) (1)2
y y1 m(x x1 ) y 2
5
y 0 4 (x 0) The solution is (2, 2).
5
y 4x 5. Multiply the first equation by 3 so the
coefficients of the x terms are additive inverses.
5
Therefore, the equation is y 4x. Then add the equations.
51. 2(3x 4y) 2 3x 2 4y x 5y 4 Multiply by 3. 3x 15y 12
6x 8y 3x 7y 10 () 3x 7y 10
52. 6(2a 5b) 6 2a 6 5b 22y 22
12a 30b 22y 22
22
22
53. 3(2m 3n) (3)(2m) (3)(3n)
6m (9n) y1
6m 9n Now substitute 1 for y in either equation to find
54. 5(4t 2s) (5)(4t) (5)(2s) the value of x.
20t (10s) x 5y 4
20t 10s x 5(1) 4
x54
x5545
x 1
7-4 Elimination Using Multiplication The solution is (1, 1).
6. Eliminate x.
4x 7y 6 Multiply by 3. 12x 21y 18
Pages 390–391 Check for Understanding 6x 5y 20 Multiply by 2. () 12x 10y 40
1. If one of the variables cannot be eliminated by 11y 22
adding or subtracting the equations, you must 11y 22

multiply one or both of the equations by numbers 11 11
so that a variable will be eliminated when the y 2

equations are added or subtracted. Now substitute 2 for y in either equation to find
2. Sample answer: 3x 2y 5 and 4x 10y 6 the value of x.
If the first equation is multiplied by 5, the 4x 7y 6
coefficients of the y terms will be 10 and 10, 4x 7(2) 6
which are additive inverses. Thus, when the two 4x 14 6
equations are added together, the y variable will 4x 14 14 6 14
be eliminated. 4x 20
4x 20
3. Sample answer: (1) You could solve the first 4
4
equation for a and substitute the resulting x5
expression for a in the second equation. Then find
the value of b. Use this value for b and one of the
equations to find the value of a. (2) You could
multiply the first equation by 3 and add this new
equation to the second equation. This will
eliminate the b term. Find the value of a. Use this
value for a and one of the equations to find the
value of b. See students’ work for their
preferences and explanations.
Chapter 7 334
7. Multiply the second equation by 2 so the Now substitute 2 for x in either equation to find
coefficients of the x terms are additive inverses. the value of y.
Then add the equations. 3x 7y 6
4x 2y 10.5 4x 2y 10.5 3(2) 7y 6
2x 3y 10.75 Multiply by 2. () 4x 6y 21.5 6 7y 6
4y 11 6 7y 6 6 6
4y 11
7y 0
4
4 7y 0
7
7
y 2.75
Now substitute 2.75 for y in either equation to y0
find the value of x. The solution is (2, 0).
4x 2y 10.5 10. • For an exact solution, an algebraic method is
4x 2(2.75) 10.5 best.
4x 5.5 10.5 • Since neither the coefficients of x nor the
4x 5.5 5.5 10.5 5.5 coefficients of y are the same or additive
4x 5 inverses, you cannot use elimination using
4x
4
5 addition or subtraction.
4
• Since the coefficient of y in the first equation
x 1.25
is 1, you can use the substitution method.
Since y 4x 11, substitute 4x 11 for y in the
8. • For an exact solution, an algebraic method is second equation.
best.
3x 2y 7
• Since neither the coefficients of x nor the 3x 2 (4x 11) 7
coefficients of y are the same or additive 3x 8x 22 7
inverses, you cannot use elimination using 5x 22 7
addition or subtraction. 5x 22 22 7 22
• Since no coefficient of x or y is 1 or 1, 5x 15
substitution is not the best method. 5x 15
5
5
• Since it is necessary to multiply each equation
by a different number, solve the system by x 3
elimination using multiplication. Use y 4x 11 to find the value of y.
Eliminate x. y 4x 11
4x 3y 19 Multiply by 3. 12x 9y 57 y 4(3) 11
3x 4y 8 Multiply by 4. () 12x 16y 32 y 12 11
25y 25 y 1
25y 25
25 The solution is (3, 1).
25
y1 11. • For an exact solution, an algebraic method is
Now substitute 1 for y in either equation to find best.
the value of x. • Since the coefficients of the y terms, 2 and
4x 3y 19 2, are the same, you can eliminate the y
4x 3(1) 19 terms by subtracting the equations.
4x 3 19 5x 2y 12
4x 3 3 19 3 () 3x 2y 2
4x 16 2x 14
4x 16
4
4
2x

14
2 2
x4 x7
The solution is (4, 1). Now substitute 7 for x in either equation to solve
9. • For an exact solution, an algebraic method is for the value of y.
best. 5x 2y 12
• Since the coefficients of the y terms, 7 and 7, 5 (7) 2y 12
are additive inverses, solve by elimination 35 2y 12
using addition. 35 2y 35 12 35
3x 7y 6 2y 23
() 2x 7y 4 2y 23
2
2
5x 10 y 11.5
5x 10
5
5 The solution is (7, 11.5).
x2
335 Chapter 7
12. Let t the number of two-seat tables and f the 15. Multiply the first equation by 2 so the coefficients
number of four-seat tables. of the y terms are additive inverses. Then add the
t f 17 equations.
2t 4f 56 2x y 5 Multiply by 2. 4x 2y 10
Multiply the first equation by 2 so the 3x 2y 4 () 3x 2y 4
coefficients of the t terms are additive inverses. 7x 14
Then add the equations. 7x

14
7 7
t f 17 Multiply by 2. 2t (2f ) 34
x2
2t 4f 56 () 2t 4f 56
2f 22 the value of y.
2f 22
2
2 2x y 5
f 11 2(2) y 5
4y5
Now substitute 11 for f in either equation to find
4y454
the value of t.
y1
t f 17
t 11 17
t 11 11 17 11 16. Multiply the second equation by 4 so the
t6 coefficients of the x terms are additive inverses.
Then add the equations.
The owners should purchase 6 two-seat tables
and 11 four-seat tables. 4x 3y 12 4x 3y 12
13. Multiply the second equation by 5 so the x 2y 14 Multiply by 4. () 4x 8y 56
coefficients of the x terms are additive inverses. 11y 44
11y 44
Then add the equations. 11
11
5x 3y 6 5x 3y 6 y4
x y 4 Multiply by 3. () 5x 5y 20 Now substitute 4 for y in either equation to find
2y 26 the value of x.
2y 26
2
2 x 2y 14
x 2(4) 14
y 13
x 8 14
Now substitute 13 for y in either equation to x 8 8 14 8
find the value of x. x6
xy4 The solution is (6, 4).
x (13) 4
17. Multiply the first equation by 4 so the coefficients
x 13 4
x 13 13 4 13
equations.
x 9
3x 8y 37 () 3x 8y 37
23x 23
23x 23
equations. 23
23
xy3 Multiply by 3. 3x 3y 9 x 1
2x 3y 16 () 2x 3y 16 Now substitute 1 for x in either equation to find
5x 25 the value of y.
5x

25 5x 2y 15
5 5
5(1) 2y 15
x5 5 2y 15
Now substitute 5 for x in either equation to find 5 2y 5 15 5
xy3 2y

10
5y3 2 2
5y535 y5
y 2 The solution is (1, 5).
Chapter 7 336
18. Multiply the second equation by 4 so the 21. Multiply the second equation by 1.8 so the
coefficients of the x terms are additive inverses. coefficients of the x terms are additive inverses.
Then add the equations. Then add the equations.
8x 3y 11 8x 3y 11 1.8x 0.3y 14.4 1.8x 0.3y 14.4
2x 5y 27 Multiply by 4. () 8x 20y 108 x 0.6y 2.8 Multiply by 1.8. () 1.8x 1.08y 5.04
17y 119 0.78y 9.36
17y 119
17
17
0.78y
0.78
9.36
0.78
y 7 y 12
Now substitute 7 for y in either equation to find Now substitute 12 for y in either equation to find
the value of x. the value of x.
8x 3y 11 x 0.6y 2.8
8x 3(7) 11 x 0.6(12) 2.8
8x (21) 11 x 7.2 2.8
8x 21 11 x 7.2 7.2 2.8 7.2
8x 21 21 11 21 x 10
8x 32 The solution is (10, 12).
8x 32
8
8
22. Multiply the first equation by 3 so the
x 4 coefficients of the x terms are additive inverses.
Then add the equations.
0.4x 0.5y 2.5 Multiply by 3. 1.2x 1.5y 7.5
19. Eliminate y. 1.2x 3.5y 2.5 () 1.2x 3.5y 2.5
4x 7y 10 Multiply by 2. 8x 14y 20 5y 5
5y 5
3x 2y 7 Multiply by 7. () 21x 14y 49 5
5
29x 29 y1
29x

29 Now substitute 1 for y in either equation to find
29 29
the value of x.
x 1
0.4x 0.5y 2.5
Now substitute 1 for x in either equation to find 0.4x 0.5(1) 2.5
the value of y. 0.4x 0.5 2.5
3x 2y 7 0.4x 0.5 0.5 2.5 0.5
3(1) 2y 7 0.4x 2
3 2y 7 0.4x 2
0.4
3 2y 3 7 3 0.4
2y 4 x5
2y

2 2
23. Multiply the second equation by 2 so the
y 2
coefficients of the y terms are additive inverses.
The solution is (1, 2). Then add the equations.
20. Eliminate x. 1 1
3x 2 y 10 3x 2 y 10
2x 3y 2 Multiply by 5. 10x 15y 10 1 1
5x 4y 28 Multiply by 2. () 10x 8y 56 5x 4 y 8 Multiply by 2. () 10x 2 y 16
23y 46 13x 26
23y 46
23 13x 26
23
13
13
y 2
x2
the value of x.
the value of y.
5x 4y 28 1
5x 4(2) 28 3x 2y 10
5x 8 28 1
3(2) 2y 10
5x 8 8 28 8 1
5x 20 6 2y 10
5x 20 1
5
5
6 2y 6 10 6
x4 1
2y 4
1 1
(2) 2y (2)4 2
y 8
337 Chapter 7
24. Multiply the second equation by 2 so the Now substitute 4 for x in either equation to find
coefficients of the x terms are additive inverses. the value of y.
Then add the equations. xy3
2
2x 3 y 4
2
2x 3 y 4 4y3
4y434
1
x 2
y 7 Multiply by 2. () 2x y 14 y 1
5
y 10 The numbers are 4 and 1.
12 135 21102
3
3 5
y
27. • For an exact solution, an algebraic method is
5 3
best.
y 6
• Since neither the coefficients of x nor the
Now substitute 6 for y in either equation to find coefficients of y are the same or additive
the value of x. inverses, you cannot use elimination using
1
x 2y 7 addition or subtraction.
1
x 2 (6) 7 • Since no coefficient of x or y is 1 or 1,
substitution is not the best method.
x (3) 7
• Since it is necessary to multiply at least one
x37
equation by a number to eliminate a variable,
x3373
solve the system by elimination using
x4
multiplication.
Multiply the first equation by 2 so the coefficients
25. Let x represent the first number and let y of the y terms are additive inverses. Then add the
represent the second number. equations.
7x 3y 1 3x 4y 10 Multiply by 2. 6x 8y 20
x y 3 5x 8y 2 () 5x 8y 2
Multiply the second equation by 7 so the 11x 22
coefficients of the x terms are additive inverses. 11x 22
Then add the equations. 11
11
7x 3y 1 7x 3y 1 x 2
x y 3 Multiply by 7. () 7x 7y 21 Now substitute 2 for x in either equation to find
4y 20 the value of y.
4y 20
4 5x 8y 2
4
5(2) 8y 2
y 5 10 8y 2
Now substitute 5 for y in either equation to find 10 8y 10 2 10
the value of x. 8y 8
x y 3 8y
8
8
8
x (5) 3
x 5 3 y1
x 5 5 3 5 The solution is (2, 1).
x2 28. • For an exact solution, an algebraic method is
The numbers are 2 and 5. best.
26. Let x represent the first number and let y • Since the coefficients of the y terms, 8 and 8,
represent the second number. are additive inverses, solve by elimination
5x 2y 22 using addition.
xy3 9x 8y 42
Multiply the second equation by 2 so the () 4x 8y 16
coefficients of the y terms are additive inverses. 13x 26
Then add the equations. 13x 26
13
13
5x 2y 22 5x 2y 22 x2
x y 3 Multiply by 2. () 2x 2y 6
7x 28
7
7 9x 8y 42
x4 9(2) 8y 42
18 8y 42
18 8y 18 42 18
8y 24
8y 24
8
8
y 3
Chapter 7 338
29. • For an exact solution, an algebraic method is 32. • For an exact solution, an algebraic method is
best. best.
• Since the coefficient of y in the first equation • Since the coefficient of y in the second
is 1, you can use the substitution method. equation is 1, you can use the substitution
Since y 3x, substitute 3x for y in the second method.
equation. Since y x, substitute x for y in the first
3x 4y 30 equation.
3x 4(3x) 30 4x 2y 14
3x 12x 30 4x 2(x) 14
15x 30 4x 2x 14
15x 30
15 2x 14
15 2x 14
x2 2
2
Use y 3x to find the value of y. x7

y 3x Use y x to find the value of y.
y 3(2) yx
y6 y7
best. best.
• Since the coefficient of x in the first equation • Since the coefficient of x in the first equation
is 1, you can use the substitution method. is 1, you can use the substitution method.
Since x 4y 8, substitute 4y 8 for x in the Solve the first equation for x.
second equation. xy2
2x 8y 3 xyy2y
2(4y 8) 8y 3 x2y
8y 16 8y 3 Since x 2 y, substitute 2 y for x in the
16 3 second equation.
The statement 16 3 is false. This means that 5x 3y 18
there is no solution of the system of equations. 5(2 y) 3y 18
31. • For an exact solution, an algebraic method is 10 5y 3y 18
best. 10 8y 18
• Since the coefficients of the y terms, 3 and 3, 10 8y 10 18 10
are additive inverses, you can eliminate the y 8y 8
terms by adding the equations. 8y 8
8
8
2x 3y 12 y1
() x 3y 12
3x 24 the value of x.
3x 24
3
3 xy2
x8 x12
the value of y. x3
x 3y 12 The solution is (3, 1).
8 3y 12 34. • For an exact solution, an algebraic method is
8 3y 8 12 8 best.
3y 4 • Since the coefficient of y in the first equation
3y 4 is 1, you can use the substitution method.
3
3
4 Since y 2x 9, substitute 2x 9 for y in the
y3
1 42
second equation.
The solution is 8, 3 . 2x y 9
2x (2x 9) 9
2x 2x 9 9
9 9
of equations.
339 Chapter 7
best. best.
• Since the coefficients of the x terms, 6 and 6, • Since neither the coefficients of x nor the
are the same, solve by elimination using coefficients of y are the same or additive
subtraction. inverses, you cannot use elimination using
6x y 9 addition or subtraction.
() 6x y 11 • Since no coefficient x or y is 1 or 1,
0 2 substitution is not the best method.
The statement 0 2 is false. This means that • Since it is necessary to multiply each equation
there is no solution of the system of equations. by a different number, solve the system by
36. • For an exact solution, an algebraic method is elimination using multiplication.
best. Eliminate y.
• Since the coefficient of x in the first equation 1
x
2
3y 3
7
Multiply by 3.
3
x 2y 7
2 2
is 1, you can use the substitution method.
3 3
Since x 8y, substitute 8y for x in the second 2
x 2y 25 () 2
x 2y 25
equation. 3x 18
2x 3y 38 3x

18
3 3
2(8y) 3y 38
16y 3y 38 x 6
19y 38 Now substitute 6 for x in either equation to find
19y 38 the value of y.
19
19 3
x 2y 25
y2 2
3
Use x 8y to find the value of x. 2
(6) 2y 25
x 8y 9 2y 25
x 8(2) 9 2y 9 25 9
x 16 2y 16
The solution is (16, 2). 2y 16
2
2
37. • For an exact solution, an algebraic method is y 8
best.
1 1
• Since the coefficients of the y terms, 2 and 2 , 39. Since Bryant made 475 free throws and each is
are the same, solve by elimination using 1 point, he scored 475 points in free throws.
subtraction. Therefore, Bryant scored 1938 475, or 1463,
2 1
3
x 2 y 14 points in 2-point and 3-point field goals.
5
() 6 x
1
2 y 18 Let x the number of 2-point field goals, and let
y the number of 3-point field goals Bryant made.
1
6x 4 x y 701
(6) 1 1
6x 2 (6)(4) 2x 3y 1463
Eliminate x.
x 24
x y 701 Multiply by 2. 2x 2y 1402
2x 3y 1463 () 2x 3y 1463
the value of y.
y 61
2 1
3
x 2 y 14 Now substitute 61 for y in either equation to find x.
2 1
3
(24) 2 y 14 x y 701
1 x 61 701
16 2 y 14
x 61 61 701 61
1
16 2 y 16 14 16 x 640
1 So Bryant had 640 2-point field goals and 61
2 y 2
1 2
3-point field goals.
1
(2) 2 y (2)(2)
y4
Chapter 7 340
40. Since (3, a) is the solution of the given system, 42. Let x the tens digit of the original number, and
substituting 3 for x and a for y will make both let y the ones digit of the original number. Then
equations in the system true. the original number is represented by 10x y,
4x 5y 2 6x 2y b and the number with the digits reversed is
4(3) 5(a) 2 6(3) 2(a) b represented by 10y x. Since the sum of the
12 5a 2 18 2a b digits is 14, x y 14. Since the number with
12 5a 12 2 12 the digits reversed is 18 less than the original
5a 10 number, 10y x (10x y) 18.
5a

10 Rewrite 10y x (10x y) 18 so the system
5 5
can be written in column form.
a 2
10y x (10x y) 18
Since a 2, substitute 2 for a in the second 10y x 10x 10x y 18 10x
equation to find b. 10y 9x y 18
18 2a b 10y 9x y y 18 y
18 2(2) b 9x 9y 18
18 (4) b Eliminate x.
18 4 b
22 b
9x 9y 18 () 9x 9y 18
The values of a is 2 and the value of b is 22.
18y 108
41. Let x the tens digit of the student’s actual
18y 108
score, and let y the ones digit of the student’s 18
18
actual score. Then the actual score is given by y6
10x y, and the accidentally-reversed score is Now substitute 6 for y in either equation to find
given by 10y x. Since the actual score is 36 the value of x.
points greater than the accidentally-reversed
x y 14
score, 10x y (10y x) 36. Since the sum of
x 6 14
the digits of the score is 14, x y 14.
x 6 6 14 6
Rewrite 10x y (10y x) 36 so the system x8
can be written in column form.
So, the tens digit of the original number is 8, and
10x y (10y x) 36 the ones digit of the original number is 6. This
10x y x 10y x 36 x means the original number is 86.
9x y 10y 36
43. Let r the rate of the plane in still air, and let
9x y 10y 10y 36 10y
w the rate of the wind. Use the formula
9x 9y 36
rate time distance, or rt d.
Eliminate y. 2
(4 h 40 min 43 h)
9x 9y 36 ( ) 9x 9y 36 r t d rt d
18x 162 Against the wind rw
2
43 2100 1 2 (r w) 2100
2
43
18x 162
18
18
With a wind that
r 2w 4 2100 4(r 2w) 2100
is twice as fast
x9
Now substitute 9 for x in either equation to find 1423 2 (r w) 2100 or 143 (r w) 2100
the value of y.
4(r 2w) 2100
x y 14
Use the distributative property to rewrite each
9 y 14
equation so the system is in column form.
9 y 9 14 9 14 14
y5 3
r 3
w 2100
So, the tens digit of the actual score was 9 and 4r 8w 2100
the ones digit of the actual score was 5. This Eliminate w.
means the student’s actual score was 95. 14 14 12
3
r 3
w 2100 Multiply by 7
. 8r 8w 3600
4r 8w 2100 ()4r 8w 2100
12r 5700
12r 5700
12
12
r 475
The rate of the plane in still air is 475 mph.
341 Chapter 7
44. By having two equations that represent the time Now substitute 6 for x in either equation to find
constraints, a manager can determine the best the value of y.
use of employee time. Answers should include the xy8
following. 6y8
• 20c 10b 800 S 20c 10b 800 6y686
10c 30b 900 S 20c 60b 1800 y2
50b 1000 The solution is (6, 2).
50b 1000 48. Since the coefficients of the s terms, 1 and 1, are
50
50
additive inverses, you can eliminate the s terms
b 20
by adding the equations.
20c 10b 800
2r s 5
20c 10(20) 800
() r s 1
20c 200 800
20c 200 200 800 200 3r 6
3r 6
20c 600 3
3
20c 600
20
20
r2
c 30 Now substitute 2 for r in either equation to find
• In order to make the most of the employee and the value of s.
oven time, the manager should make rs1
assignments to bake 30 batches of cookies and 2s1
20 loaves of bread. 2s212
45. A; Eliminate y. s 1
(1)(s) (1)(1)
s1
4x 5y 17 Multiply by 3. ()12x 15y 51
37x 111
37x 111
49. Since the coefficients of the x terms, 1 and 1, are
37
37 the same, you can eliminate the x terms by
x3 subtracting the equations.
Now substitute 3 for x in either equation to find x y 18
the value of y. () x 2y 25
5x 3y 12 y 7
5(3) 3y 12 (1)(y) (1)(7)
15 3y 12 y7
15 3y 15 12 15 Now substitute 7 for y in either equation to find
3y

3 x y 18
3 3
x 7 18
y 1 x 7 7 18 7
The value of y is 1. x 11
46. D; Multiply the first equation by 2 so the The solution is (11, 7).
coefficients of the x terms are additive inverses. 50. Since x 3y, substitute 3y for x in the first
Then add the equations. equation.
x 2y 1 Multiply by 2. 2x 4y 2 2x 3y 3
2x 4y 2 ()2x 4y 2 2(3y) 3y 3
0 0 6y 3y 3
The statement 0 0 is true. This means that 3y 3
there are infinitely many solutions of the system 3y 3
3
3
of equations.
y 1
Use x 3y to find the value of x.
Page 392 Maintain Your Skills x 3y
47. Since the coefficients of the y terms, 1 and 1, x 3(1)
are additive inverses, you can eliminate the y x3
terms by adding the equations. The solution is (3, 1).
xy8
()x y 4
2x 12
2x 12
2
2
x6
Chapter 7 342
51. Solve the first equation for x since the coefficient Since the statement is true, the half-plane
of x is 1. containing the origin is part of the solution.
xy0 Shade the half-plane containing (0, 0).
xyy0y y
x y
Since x y, substitute y for x in the second O x
equation. yx7
3x y 8
3(y) y 8
3y y 8
2y 8
2y 8
2
2
y4 55. Step 1 Solve for y in terms of x.
Substitute 4 for y in either equation to find the x 3y 9
value of x. x 3y x 9 x
xy0 3y 9 x
x40 3y 9 x

x4404 3 3
9 x
x 4 y33
y 3 3x
52. Solve the first equation for x since the coefficient 1 1
Step 2 Graph y 3 3 x. Since y 3 3 x
of x is 1.
1 1
x 2y 7 means y 7 3 3 x or y 3 3 x, the
x 2y 2y 7 2y boundary is included in the solution set.
x 7 2y The boundary should be drawn as a solid
line.
Since x 7 2y, substitute 7 2y for x in the
second equation. Step 3 Select a point in one of the half-planes
3x 6y 21
1
3(7 2y) 6y 21 y 3 3x
21 6y 6y 21 1
0 3 3 (0)
21 21
The statement 21 21 is true. This means 03 false
that there are infinitely many solutions of the Since the statement is false, the half-plane
system of equations. containing the origin is not part of the solution.
53. Let a the amount of revenue above quota. Shade the other half-plane.
32,000 0.04a 7 45,000 y
8
32,000 0.04a 32,000 7 45,000 32,000 6
0.04a 7 13,000 4 x 3y 9
0.04a 13,000 2
0.04
7 0.04 O x
a 7 325,000 42 2 4 6 8 10
2
The store must make more than $325,000 above 4
quota. 6
54. Step 1 The inequality is already solved for y in 8
terms of x.
Step 2 Graph y x 7. Since y x 7 means
y x 7 or y x 7, the boundary is
included in the solution set. The boundary
should be drawn as a solid line.
yx7
007
0 7 true
343 Chapter 7
56. Step 1 Solve for y in terms of x. Page 392 Practice Quiz 2

y x 1. Since the coefficients of the y terms, 4 and 4,
(1) (y) (1)x are additive inverses, you can eliminate the y
y x terms by adding the equations.
Step 2 Graph y x. Since y x means 5x 4y 2
y x or y x, the boundary is () 3x 4y 14
included in the solution set. The 8x 16
boundary should be drawn as a solid line. 8x 16

Step 3 Select a point in one of the half-planes 8 8
and test it. Try (2, 1). x2
y x Now substitute 2 for x in either equation to find
1 (2) the value of y.
1 2 true 5x 4y 2
Since the statement is true, the half-plane 5(2) 4y 2
containing (2, 1) is part of the solution. Shade the 10 4y 2
half-plane containing (2, 1). 10 4y 10 2 10
y 4y 8
4y 8
4
4
y 2
y x The solution is (2, 2).
O x 2. Since the coefficients of the x terms, 2 and 2, are
the same, you can eliminate the x terms by
2x 3y 13
() 2x 2y 2
57. Step 1 Solve for y in terms of x. 5y 15
5y 15
3x y 1 5
5
3x y 3x 1 3x y 3
y 3x 1
Step 2 Graph y 3x 1. Since y 3x 1 means the value of x.
y 3x 1 or y 3x 1, the boundary is
2x 3y 13
included in the solution set. The boundary
2x 3(3) 13
should be drawn as a solid line.
2x (9) 13
Step 3 Select a point in one of the half-planes 2x 9 13
and test it. Try (0, 0). 2x 9 9 13 9
y 3x 1 2x 4
0 3(0) 1 2x 4
2
0 1 true 2
Since the statement is true, the half-plane x2

containing the origin is part of the solution. The solution is (2, 3).
Shade the half-plane containing (0, 0). 3. Eliminate y.
y 6x 2y 24 Multiply by 2. 12x 4y 48
3x 4y 27 () 3x 4y 27
3x y 1
15x 75
15x 75
15
15
O x x5
the value of y.
6x 2y 24
6(5) 2y 24
30 2y 24
30 2y 30 24 30
2y 6
2y 6
2
2
y3
Chapter 7 344
4. Eliminate x. 5.
5x 2y 4 Multiply by 2. 10x 4y 8 System of Equations
10x 4y 9 () 10x 4y 9 one variable has a variables have
0 1 coefficient of 1 or 1 any coefficient
The statement 0 1 is false. This means that
there is no solution of the system of equations. Substitution Elimination
5. Let p the rate per minute for peak time, and
let n the rate per minute for nonpeak time.
Kelsey’s charges: 45p 50n 27.75
Variables with Variables with
Mitch’s charges: 70p 30n 36 Same Coefficients Different
Eliminate n. Coefficients
45p 50n 27.75 Multiply by 3. 135p 150n 83.25 opposite signs same signs
70p 30n 36 Multiply by 5. () 350p 150n 180
Multiply by a
215p 96.75 Add Subtract
215 p 96.75

Factor
215
215
p 0.45
Now substitute 0.45 for p in either equation to
find the value of n.
70p 30n 36 7-5 Graphing Systems of Inequalities
70(0.45) 30n 36
31.5 30n 36
31.5 30n 31.5 36 31.5 Page 395 Graphing Calculator Investigation
30n 4.5 1. To use the SHADE feature in the DRAW menu,
30n 4.5 you must enter the lower boundary of the region
30
30 to be shaded first. Since, when both inequalities
n 0.15 are solved for y, the lower boundary is the
The rate for peak time is $0.45 per min and the inequality having or , you must enter
rate for nonpeak time is $0.15 per min. y 2x 5 first.
2. KEYSTROKES: 2nd DRAW 7 ( ) 2 X,T,␪,n
5 , 3 X,T,␪,n 1 )
ENTER
1. There are two types of systems of equations,
consistent and inconsistent. Consistent systems
have one or more solutions and inconsistent
systems have no solutions. If consistent systems
have one solution, they are called independent. If
consistent systems have infinite solutions, they
are called dependent.
2. Use substitution if an expression of one variable
is given or if the coefficient of a variable is
1.
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
Use elimination if both equations are written in
standard form. 3. Solve each inequality for y. Then enter the
Sample answers: function that is the lower boundary ( y 7 2x),
system to solve using system to solve using a comma, and the function that is the upper
substitution elimination boundary ( y 0.5x 2.5).
y 3x 3 4x 3y 9 4. KEYSTROKES: 2nd DRAW 7 7 2 X,T,␪,n
5x 2y 6 6x y 10 , . .
5 X,T,␪,n 2 5
3. Multiply by a factor if neither variable has the
) ENTER
same or opposite coefficients in the two equations.
4. Add if one of the variables has opposite
coefficients that are additive inverses in the two
equations. Subtract if one of the variables has the
same coefficient in the two equations.
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
345 Chapter 7
PQ249-6481F-07[346_363] 8/6/02 09:42 PM Page 346 Sahuja Ahuja_QXP_03:Desktop Folder:6/8/02:
Pages 396–397 Check for Understanding 4. The solution includes the ordered pairs in the
1. Sample answer: intersection of the graphs of x 5 and y 4. The
region is shaded. The graphs of x 5 and y 4
y
are boundaries of this region. The graph of x 5
is dashed and is not included in the graph of
y 2x x 5. The graph of y 4 is solid and is included
in the graph of y 4.
O x y
x5
y 2 x y4
Because the regions have no points in common,

the system of inequalities graphed above,
y 2 x and y 2 x, has no solution. O x
2a. Since the point with coordinates (3, 1) lies in the
shaded region that represents the intersection of
the graphs of the inequalities, the ordered pair 5. The solution includes the ordered pairs in the
(3, 1) does represent a solution of the system. intersection of the graphs of y 3 and
y x 4. The region is shaded. The graphs of
2b. Since the point with coordinates (1, 3) does
y 3 and y x 4 are boundaries of this
not lie in the shaded region that represents the
region. The graphs of both boundaries are dashed
intersection of the graphs of the inequalities,
and are not included in the solution.
the ordered pair (1, 3) does not represent a
solution of the system. y
2c. The point with coordinates (2, 3) lies on the
boundary of the region that represents the
intersection of the graphs of the inequalities.
Since the portion of the boundary on which (2, 3)
lies is drawn as a solid line, this point is y 3
included in the solution set. So the ordered pair
(2, 3) does represent a solution of the system. O x
y x 4
2d. Since the point with coordinates (4, 2) lies in
the shaded region that represents the
6. The solution includes the ordered pairs in the
intersection of the graphs of the inequalities,
intersection of the graphs of y x 3 and
the ordered pair (4, 2) does represent a
y x 3. The region is shaded. The graphs of
solution of the system.
y x 3 and y x 3 are boundaries of this
2e. The point with coordinates (3, 2) lies on the region. The graphs of both boundaries are solid
boundary of the region that represents the and are included in the solution.
intersection of the graphs of the inequalities.
Since the portion of the boundary on which y
(3, 2) lies is drawn as a dashed line, this point
is not included in the solution set. So the y x 3
ordered pair (3, 2) does not represent a y x 3
solution of the system.
x
2f. Since the point with coordinates (1, 4) does not O
lie in the shaded region that represents the
intersection of the graphs of the inequalities, the
ordered pair (1, 4) does not represent a solution
of the system.
3. Kayla’s solution is correct. The graph of
x 2y 2 is the line representing x 2y 2
and the region above it. Sonia’s solution indicates
that she shaded the region below this boundary.
Chapter 7 346
7. The graphs of 2x y 4 and y 2x 1 are 10. Let x the number of minutes Natasha spends
parallel lines. Because the two regions have no walking, and let y the number of minutes she
points in common, the system of inequalities has spends jogging.
no solution. Since her total exercise time is at most 1 half-
y hour, or 30 min, x y 30. Since her total
4 8
distance is at least 3 mi, 60 x 60 y 3.
2x y 4
The solution includes the ordered pairs in the
intersection of the graphs of x y 30 and
4 8
60
x 60 y 3. The region is shaded. The graphs of
4 8
x y 30 and 60 x 60 y 3 are boundaries of
O x
y 2x 1 this region. The graphs of both boundaries are
solid and are included in the solution.
Natasha’s Daily Exercise
8. The solution includes the ordered pairs in the y
intersection of the graphs of 2y x 6 6 and 40
Minutes Jogging
3x y 7 4. The region is shaded. The graphs of
2y x 6 and 3x y 4 are boundaries of this 30 x y 30
region. The graphs of both boundaries are dashed
and are not included in the solution. 20 4
x 8 y3
60 60
y
10
3x y 4 O x
10 20 30 40
Minutes Walking
2y x 6
x 11. Sample answers: Natasha could walk 15 min and
O jog 15 min, or walk 10 min and jog 20 min, or she
could walk 5 min and jog 25 min since the points
with coordinates (15, 15), (10, 20), and (5, 25) lie
in the region that represents the intersection of
the graphs of the inequalities.
intersection of the graphs of x 2y 2,
3x 4y 12, and x 0. The region is shaded.
The graphs of x 2y 2, 3x 4y 12, and x 0
are boundaries of this region. The graphs of these Pages 397–398 Practice and Apply
boundaries are solid and are included in the 12. y
solution.
O x
y
x0 y0
3x 4y 12
x x0
O
x 2y 2
13. y
x 4
O x
y 1
347 Chapter 7
14. y 20. y
y x 1
O x
y x 3
y x 2
y 2
O x
15. y 21. y
x 2
3x y 6
O x
2x y 4
O x
y x 5
16. y 22. y
x y 2 x 3 3x 4y 1
x 2y 7
O x
x
O
17. y 23. y
y 2x 1 xy 4
x
y x 1 O
O x
2x 3y 12
18. y 24. y
y x 3
O x
2x y 4
O x
5x 2y 1
y 2x 1
19. y 25. y

y x 3 3x 2y 6
y x 3
O
y x 1
x
O x
2x 7y 4
Chapter 7 348
26. x 3y 9 The solution is the set of all ordered pairs whose

y graphs are in the intersection of the graphs of
x 2 these inequalities. This region is shaded. Only the
portion of the region in the first quadrant is used
since x 0 and y 0.
Green Paint
O x
4y x y
2x y 9
30
Dark Green
4x y 32
20
27. The equation of the graph of the solid boundary is
10 x 6y 54
y x. Since the shaded region that represents the
intersection of the graphs of the two inequalities x
is below this boundary, this region is represented O 10 20 30 40 50
by y x. The equation of the graph of the dashed Light Green
boundary is y x 3. Since the shaded region
that represents the intersection of the graphs of 30. Sample answers: The painter could make 2 gal of
the two inequalities is above this boundary, this light green dye and 8 gal of dark green dye, or
region is represented by y 7 x 3. So, the 6 gal of light green dye and 8 gal of dark green
system graphed is y x dye, or 7 gal of light green dye and 4 gal of dark
. green dye since the points with coordinates (2, 8),
y 7 x3
(6, 8), and (7, 4) lie in the region that represents
28. The equation of the graph of the solid boundary is
2 the intersection of the graphs of the inequalities.
y 3x 2. Since the shaded region that
represents the intersection of the graphs of the 31. Let x the level of LDL a teenager should have,
two inequalities is below this boundary, this and let y the level of HDL a teenager should
2
region is represented by y 3x 2. The equation have.
of the graph of the dashed boundary is The following system of inequalities can be used
y x 3. Since the shaded region that to represent the conditions of the problem.
represents the intersection of the graphs of the 0 x 110
two inequalities is above this boundary, this 35 y 59
region is represented by y 7 x 3. So, the The solution is the set of all ordered pairs whose
2
system graphed is y 3x 2 graphs are in the intersection of the graphs of
.
y 7 x 3 these inequalities. This region is shaded. Only the
29. Let x the number of gal of light green dye to be portion of the region in the first quadrant is used
made. Then, for the light green dye, 4x represents since there can be only positive levels of LDL and
the number of units of yellow dye required and 1x HDL.
represents the number of units of blue dye Appropriate
required. Cholesterol Levels
Let y the number of gal of dark green dye to be
y
made. Then, for the dark green dye, 1y represents
the number of units of yellow dye required and 6y 60
represents the number of units of blue dye
HDL
required. 40
Since the total number of units of yellow dye
20
cannot be greater than 32, 4x 1y 32. Since
the total number of units of blue dye cannot be
greater than 54, 1x 6y 54. O 20 40 60 80 100 120 x
The following system of inequalities can be used LDL
to represent the conditions of the problem. 32. Sample answer: x 4 and x 4
x0
y0
4x y 32
x 6y 54
349 Chapter 7
33. Let x the number of desks made. Then, 2x 36. Use the SHADE feature in the DRAW menu with
represents the number of hours of sanding y x 4 as the lower boundary and y x 9
required and 1.5x represents the number of hours as the upper boundary.
of varnishing required for the desks. KEYSTROKES: 2nd DRAW 7 ( ) X,T,␪,n
Let y the number of tables made. Then, 1.5y ,
4 X,T,␪,n 9
represents the number of hours of sanding
required and 1y represents the number of hours ) ENTER
of varnishing required for the tables.
Since the total number of hours available each
week for sanding is 31, 2x 1.5y 31 . Since the
total number of hours available for varnishing
each week is 22, 1.5x 1y 22.
The following system of inequalities can be used
to represent the conditions of the problem.
x0 [10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
y0
37. Use the SHADE feature in the DRAW menu with
2x 1.5y 31
y 7x 15 as the lower boundary and
1.5x y 22
y 2x 10 as the upper boundary.
The solution is the set of all ordered pairs whose
KEYSTROKES: 2nd DRAW 7 7 X,T,␪,n
graphs are in the intersection of the graphs of
these inequalities. This region is shaded. Only the 15 , 2 X,T,␪,n 10
portion of the region in the first quadrant is used
) ENTER
since x 0 and y 0. However, since the number
of items produced are whole numbers, only whole-
number solutions make sense for this problem.
Furniture Manufacturing
y
20
1.5x y 22
Tables
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
38. Solve each inequality for y.

10 3x y 6 x y 1
2x 1.5y 31
3x y 3x 6 3x x y x 1 x
y 6 3x y 1 x
x (1)(y) (1)(6 3x) (1)(y) (1)(1 x)

O 10 20
y 3x 6 y1x
Desks
Use the SHADE feature in the DRAW menu with
34. Sample answers: The company can make 8 desks
y 3x 6 as the lower boundary and y 1 x
and 10 tables, or 6 desks and 12 tables, or 4 desks
as the upper boundary.
and 14 tables since the points with coordinates
KEYSTROKES: 2nd DRAW 7 3 X,T,␪,n
(8, 10), (6, 12), and (4, 14) lie in the region that
represents the intersection of the graphs of the 6 , 1 X,T,␪,n ) ENTER
inequalities.
35. By graphing a system of equations, you can see
the appropriate range of Calories and fat intake.
• Two sample appropriate Calorie and fat
intakes are 2200 Calories and 60 g of fat and
2300 Calories and 65 g of fat since the points
with coordinates (2200, 60) and (2300, 65) lie [10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
in the shaded region representing appropriate
eating habits.
• The graph represents 2000 c 2400
and 60 f 75, where c represents the
number of Calories and f represents the
number of grams of fat consumed per day.
Chapter 7 350
39. D; Use a table to substitute the x and y values of 42. Multiply the first equation by 3 so the coefficients
each ordered pair into both inequalities. of the y terms are additive inverses. Then add the
True or True or equations.
x y x 2y 5 3x y 2
False False 5x 2y 3 Multiply by 3. 15x 6y 9
3 7 3 2(7) 5 3(3) 7 2 3x 6y 9 () 3x 6y 9
true true
11 5 16 2 18x 18
0 5 0 2(5) 5 3(0) 5 2 18x 18
true true
10 5 5 2 18 18
1 4 1 2(4) 5 3(1) 4 2 x 1
true true
7 5 7 2 Now substitute 1 for x in either equation to find
0 2.5 0 2(2.5) 5 3(0) 2.5 2 the value of y.
false true
5 5 2.5 2 5x 2y 3
5(1) 2y 3
Since it does not make both inequalities true, the
5 2y 3
ordered pair (0, 2.5) is not part of the solution set
5 2y 5 3 5
of the system.
2y 2
40. A; The equation of the graph of the solid 2y 2
boundary is y 2x 2. Since the shaded region 2
2
representing the intersection of the graphs of the y 1
two inequalities is below this boundary, this The solution is (1, 1).
region is represented by y 2x 2. The equation
43. Eliminate x.
of the graph of the dashed boundary is
y x 1. Since the shaded region representing 3x 2y 12 Multiply by 2. 6x 4y 24
the intersection of the graphs of the two 2x 3y 13 Multiply by 3. () 6x 9y 39
inequalities is above this boundary, this region is 5y 15
represented by y 7 x 1. So, the system 5y

15
5 5
graphed is y 2x 2 .
y 7 x 1 y3
the value of x.
Page 398 Maintain Your Skills 3x 2y 12
41. Multiply the first equation by 2 so the 3x 2(3) 12
coefficients of the x terms are additive inverses. 3x 6 12
Then add the equations. 3x 6 6 12 6
3x 6
3x 6
4x 5y 13 () 4x 5y 13 3
3
11y 11 x 2
11y 11
11
11
y 1 44. Eliminate y.
Now substitute 1 for y in either equation to
5x 3y 2 Multiply by 2. () 10x 6y 4
find the value of x.
8x 16
2x 3y 1 8x 16
2x 3(1) 1 8
8
2x 3 1 x2
2x 3 3 1 3 Now substitute 2 for x in either equation to find
2x 4
2
2 6x 2y 4
x2 6(2) 2y 4
12 2y 4
12 2y 12 4 12
2y 8
2y 8
2
2
y4
351 Chapter 7
45. Since the coefficients of the y terms, 5 and 5, 48. Step 1 The line has slope 6. To find the
are additive inverses, you can eliminate the y y-intercept, replace m with 6 and (x, y)
terms by adding the equations. with (1, 0) in the slope-intercept form.
2x 5y 13 Then, solve for b.
() 3x 5y 18 y mx b
5x 5 0 6(1) b
5x 5
0 6 b
5
5 0 6 6 b 6
x 1 6b
Now substitute 1 for x in either equation to find Step 2 Write the slope-intercept form using
the value of y. m 6 and b 6. Therefore, the
2x 5y 13 equation is y 6x 6.
1
2(1) 5y 13 49. Step 1 The line has slope 3. To find the
2 5y 13 1
y-intercept, replace m with 3 and (x, y)
2 5y 2 13 2 with (5, 2) in the slope-intercept form.
5y 15 Then, solve for b.
5y 15
5
5 y mx b
y3 1
2 3 (5) b
2 3 b
5 5 5
the same, you can eliminate the x terms by 2 3 3 b 3
subtracting the equations. 11
3 b
3x y 6
() 3x 2y 15 Step 2 Write the slope-intercept form using
1 11
3y 9 m 3 and b 3 .
3y 9
3
3 Therefore, the equation is y 3x
1 11
.
3
y3
the value of x. Chapter 7 Study Guide and Review
3x y 6
3x 3 6
3x 3 3 6 3
1. independent
3x 9
3x 9 2. inconsistent
3
3
3. dependent
x3 4. parallel lines
The solution is (3, 3). 5. infinitely many
47. Step 1 The line has slope 2. To find the 6. consistent
y- intercept, replace m with 2 and (x, y)
with (4, 1) in the slope-intercept form.
Then, solve for b.
y mx b
7. y
1 2(4) b 8 x y 11
1 8 b 6
1 8 8 b 8 4
9 b 2 (10, 1)
O
Step 2 Write the slope-intercept form using 2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 x
m 2 and b 9. 2
4
y mx b 6
y 2x (9) 8 xy9
Therefore, the equation is y 2x 9.
The graphs appear to intersect at (10, 1).
Check in each equation.
Check: xy9 x y 11
? ?
10 1 9 10 1 11
99✓ 11 11 ✓
Chapter 7 352
8. y Substitute 5 for n in either equation to find the

y 3x 8 value of m.
mn8
m (5) 8
m58
O x
m5585
m3
9x 2 3y The solution is (3, 5).
12. Since x 3 2y, substitute 3 2y for x in the
second equation.
2x 4y 6
2(3 2y) 4y 6
6 4y 4y 6
9. y 66
O x of equations.
6y 4x 8 13. Solve the first equation for y since the coefficient
2x 3y 4
of y is 1.
3x y 1
3x y y 1 y
3x 1 y
3x 1 1 y 1
3x 1 y
many solutions to this system of equations. Since y 3x 1, substitute 3x 1 for y in the
second equation.
10. y
2x 4y 3
3x y 8 2x 4(3x 1) 3
2x 12x 4 3
O x 14x 4 3
(2, 2)
14x 4 4 3 4
14x 7
14x 7
3x 4 y 14
14
1
x2
1
The graphs appear to intersect at (2, 2). Check Substitute 2 for x in either equation to find the
in each equation. value of y.
3x y 8 3x 4 y y 3x 1
112 2 1
Check:
? ?
3(2) (2) 8 3(2) 4 (2) y3
? ?
628 642 3
y21
88✓ 66✓
1
There is one solution. It is (2, 2). y2
11. Solve the second equation for m since the
coefficient of m is 1.
The solution is 112, 12 2.
mn8
mnn8n
m8n
Since m 8 n, substitute 8 n for m in the
first equation.
2m n 1
2(8 n) n 1
16 2n n 1
3n 16 1
3n 16 16 1 16
3n 15
3n 15
3
3
n 5
353 Chapter 7
14. Since n 4.5 3m, substitute 4.5 3m for n in Now substitute 4 for x in either equation to find
the first equation. the value of y.
0.6m 0.2n 0.9 xy5
0.6m 0.2(4.5 3m) 0.9 4y5
0.6m 0.9 0.6m 0.9 4y454
1.2m 0.9 0.9 y1
1.2m 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 The solution is (4, 1).
1.2m 1.8 18. Rewrite the first equation so the system is in
1.2m 1.8
1.2
1.2 column form.
m 1.5 3x 1 7y
Use n 4.5 3m to find the value of n. 3x 1 1 7y 1
3x 7y 1
n 4.5 3m
3x 7y 7y 1 7y
n 4.5 3(1.5)
3x 7y 1
n 4.5 4.5
n0 Since the coefficients of the y terms, 7 and 7, are
the same, you can eliminate the y terms by
The solution is (1.5, 0).
3x 7y 1
() 6x 7y 0
3x 1
x 2y 6 3x 1
() x 3y 4 3
3
5y 10 x3
1
5y 10
5
5 Now substitute
1
for x in either equation to find
3
y2 the value of y.
6x 7y 0
113 2 7y 0
the value of x. 6
x 2y 6 2 7y 0
x 2(2) 6 2 7y 2 0 2
x46 7y 2
x4464 7y 2
x2 7
7
2
The solution is (2, 2). y 7
1 2
16. Since the coefficients of the n terms, 1 and 1, 1 2
are additive inverses, you can eliminate the n
terms by adding the equations. 19. Multiply the first equation by 2 so the
2m n 5 coefficients of the x terms are additive inverses.
() 2m n 3 Then add the equations.
4m 8 x 5y 0 Multiply by 2. 2x 10y 0
4m
4
8 2x 3y 7 () 2x 3y 7
4
7y 7
m2
7y 7
Now substitute 2 for m in either equation to find 7
7
the value of n. y1
2m n 5 Now substitute 1 for y in either equation to find
2(2) n 5 the value of x.
4n5 x 5y 0
4n454 x 5(1) 0
n 1 x50
(1)(n) (1)1 x5505
n 1 x5
17. Since the coefficients of the y terms, 1 and 1,
are additive inverses, you can eliminate the y
terms by adding the equations.
3x y 11
() x y 5
4x 16
4x 16
4
4
x4
Chapter 7 354
20. Multiply the first equation by 3 so the 23. • For an exact solution, an algebraic method is
coefficients of the x terms are additive inverses. best.
Then add the equations. • Since the coefficient of y in the first equation
x 2y 5 Multiply by 3. 3x 6y 15 is 1, you can use the substitution method.
3x 5y 8 () 3x 5y 8 Since y 2x, substitute 2x for y in the second
y 7 equation.
Now substitute 7 for y in either equation to find x 2y 8
the value of x. x 2(2x) 8
x 2y 5 x 4x 8
x 2(7) 5 5x 8
x (14) 5 5x
5
8
5
x 14 5
8 3
x 14 14 5 14 x 5 or 15
x 9 Use y 2x to find the value of y.
The solution is (9, 7) . y 2x
21. Multiply the second equation by 3 so the
coefficients of the y terms are additive inverses.
y2 185 2
16 1
Then add the equations. y or 35
1 2
5
2x 3y 8 2x 3y 8 The solution is 15 , 35 .
3 1
x y 2 Multiply by 3. () 3x 3y 6
5x 14
best.
5x 14
5
5 • Since neither the coefficients of x nor the
14 4 coefficients of y are the same or additive
x 5
or 25
14
inverses, you cannot use elimination using
Now substitute 5
for x in either equation to find addition or subtraction.
the value of y.
• Since no coefficient of x or y is 1 or 1,
xy2 substitution is not the best method.
14
5
y2 • Since it is necessary to multiply at least one
14 14 14 equation by a number to eliminate a variable,
5
y 5
2 5 solve the system by elimination using
4
y 5 multiplication.
(1)(y) (1) 5 1 42 Multiply the first equation by 2 so the
coefficients of the x terms are additive inverses.
4
y5 Then add the equations.
1
4 4
2 9x 8y 7
18x 15y 14
Multiply by 2. 18x 16y 14
() 18x 15y 14
22. Multiply the first equation by 2 so the coefficients 31y 0
of the x terms are additive inverses. Then add the 31y 0
equations. 31
31
5x 8y 21 Multiply by 2. 10x 16y 42 y0
10x 3y 15 () 10x 3y 15 Now substitute 0 for y in either equation to find
19y 57 9x 8y 7
19
19 9x 8(0) 7
y3 9x 7
Now substitute 3 for y in either equation to find 9x 7
9
9
the value of x.
7
5x 8y 21 x9
5x 8(3) 21
5x 24 21
The solution is 179, 02.
5x 24 24 21 24
5x 3
5x 3
5
5
3
x5
The solution is 135, 32.
355 Chapter 7
25. • For an exact solution, an algebraic method is 27. The solution includes the ordered pairs in the
best. intersection of the graphs of y 3x and x 2y
• Since the coefficient of x in the second 21. The region is shaded. The graphs of y 3x
equation is 1, you can use the substitution and x 2y 21 are boundaries of this region.
method. The graph of y 3x is dashed and is not included
Solve the second equation for x. in the graph of y 3x. The graph of x 2y 21
is solid and is included in the graph of x 2y 21.
x 3y y
x 3y 3y y 3y y
2
x 2y O
12 8 4 4x
Since x 2y, substitute 2y for x in the first 2
equation. 4
6
3x 5y 2x
8
3(2y) 5y 2(2y) x 2y 21 10
6y 5y 4y 12
y 4y y 3x
14
y 4y 4y 4y
3y 0
3y 0
3
3 intersection of the graphs of y x 1 and
y0 y 2x 1. The region is shaded. The graphs of
Substitute 0 for y in either equation to find the y x 1 and y 2x 1 are boundaries of this
value of x. region. The graph of y x 1 is dashed and is
not included in the graph of y x 1. The
x 2y
graph of y 2x 1 is solid and is included in the
x 2(0)
graph of y 2x 1.
x0
y
best. y 2x 1
• Since the coefficient of y in the first equation
is 1, you can use the substitution method. O x
Solve the first equation for y. y x 1
2x y 3x 15
2x y 2x 3x 15 2x
y x 15
Since y x 15, substitute x 15 for y in the 29. The solution includes the ordered pairs in the
second equation. intersection of the graphs of 2x y 9 and
x 5 4y 2x x 11y 6. The region is shaded. The graphs
x 5 4(x 15) 2x of 2x y 9 and x 11y 6 are boundaries of
x 5 4x 60 2x this region. The graphs of both boundaries are
x 5 6x 60 dashed and are not included in the solution.
x 5 x 6x 60 x y
5 5x 60 2x y 9
5 60 5x 60 60
65 5x
65 5x O
5
5 x
13 x
x 11y 6
value of y.
y x 15
y 13 15
y 2
Chapter 7 356
30. The solution includes the ordered pairs in the 6. y

intersection of the graphs of x 1 and y x 3.
The region is shaded. The graphs of x 1 and
y x 3 are boundaries of this region. The 2y 10 6x
graphs of both boundaries are solid and are
included in the solution. 3x y 5
x
y
O
x1

O x
yx3 7. Eliminate y.
5x 2y 11 Multiply by 5. () 25x 10y 55
29x 87
29x 87
Chapter 7 Practice Test 29
29
x3
Page 403 the value of y.
1. c; inconsistent 2x 5y 16
2. a; consistent 2(3) 5y 16
3. b; elimination 6 5y 16
4. y 6 5y 6 16 6
5y 10
5y 10
O x
5
5
yx2 y2
(5, 3) The solution is (3, 2).
8. Solve the second equation for y.
y 2x 7 y 4 2x
y 4 4 2x 4
y 2x 4
The graphs appear to intersect at (5, 3). Check Since y 2x 4, substitute 2x 4 for y in
in each equation. the first equation.
Check: yx2 y 2x 7 y 2x 1
?
3 5 2
?
3 2(5) 7 (2x 4) 2x 1
? 4 1
3 3 ✓ 3 10 7
3 3 ✓ The statement 4 1 is false. This means there
is no solution of the system of equation.
9. Multiply the first equation by 3 so the
5. y
7 coefficients of the y terms are additive inverses.
x 2y 11
6 Then add the equations.
5 x 14 2y 2x y 4 Multiply by 3. 6x 3y 12
4
5x 3y 6 () 5x 3y 6
3
2 x 6
1
O x (1) (x) (1)6
2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 x 6
1
the value of y.
The graphs of the equations are parallel lines. 2x y 4
Since they do not intersect, there are no solutions 2(6) y 4
to this system of equations. 12 y 4
12 y 12 4 12
y8
357 Chapter 7
10. Since y 7 x, substitute 7 x for y in the Now substitute 2 for x in either equation to find
second equation. the value of y.
x y 3 3x y 11
x (7 x) 3 3(2) y 11
x 7 x 3 6 y 11
2x 7 3 6 y 6 11 6
2x 7 7 3 7 y 17
2x 4 (1)(y) (1)17
2x
2
4 y 17
2
x2
Use y 7 x to find the value of y.
y7x subtracting the equations.
y72
3x y 10
y5
() 3x 2y 16
The solution is (2, 5). 3y 6
11. Since x 2y 7, substitute 2y 7 for x in the 3y 6
3
3
second equation.
y 3x 9 y 2
y 3(2y 7) 9 Now substitute 2 for y in either equation to find
y 6y 21 9 the value of x.
5y 21 9 3x y 10
5y 21 21 9 21 3x (2) 10
5y 30 3x 2 10
5y

30 3x 2 2 10 2
5 5
3x 12
y6 3x 12

Use x 2y 7 to find the value of x. 3 3
x 2y 7 x4
x 2(6) 7 The solution is (4, 2).
x 12 7 15. Since the coefficients of the y terms, 3 and 3,
x5 are additive inverses, you can eliminate the y
The solution is (5, 6). terms by adding the equations.
12. Since the coefficients of the y terms, 1 and 1, 5x 3y 12
are additive inverses, you can eliminate the y () 2x 3y 3
terms by adding the equations. 3x 9
3x 9
x y 10 3
3
() x y 2 x3
2x 12
2x 12
2
2 the value of y.
x6 5x 3y 12
Now substitute 6 for x in either equation to find 5(3) 3y 12
the value of y. 15 3y 12
x y 10 15 3y 15 12 15
6 y 10 3y 3
3y 3
6 y 6 10 6 3
3
y4 y1
equations.
3x y 11 Multiply by 2. 6x 2y 22
x 2y 36 () x 2y 36
7x 14
7x 14
7
7
x 2
Chapter 7 358
16. Multiply the second equation by 2 so the 19. Let t the tens digit, and let u the units
coefficients of the x terms are additive inverses. digit.
Then add the equations. u 2t 1
2x 5y 12 2x 5y 12 u t 10
x 6y 11 Multiply by 2. () 2x 12y 22 Since u 2t 1, substitute 2t 1 for u in the
17y 34 second equation.
17y
17
34 u t 10
17
(2t 1) t 10
y2 3t 1 10
Now substitute 2 for y in either equation to find 3t 1 1 10 1
the value of x. 3t 9
x 6y 11 3t
3
9
3
x 6(2) 11
x 12 11 t3
x 12 12 11 12 Use u 2t 1 to find the value of u.
x1 u 2t 1
The solution is (1, 2). u 2(3) 1
17. Multiply the first equation by 3 so the u61
coefficients of the x terms are additive inverses. u7
Then add the equations. The tens digit is 3 and the units digit is 7. So, the
x y 6 Multiply by 3. 3x 3y 18 number is 37.
3x 3y 13 () 3x 3y 13 20. Let / the length of the rectangle and let
w the width of the rectangle.
6y 5
/w7
6y 5
6
6 2/ 2w 50
y6
5 Solve the first equation for /.
5 /w7
Now substitute for y in either equation to find
6 /ww7w
the value of x.
/7w
xy6
5
Since / 7 w, substitute 7 w for / in the
x66 second equation.
5
x6666
5 5 2/ 2w 50
1
2(7 w) 2w 50
x 56 14 2w 2w 50
The solution is 56 , 1 1 5
6 2. 14 4w 50
14 4w 14 50 14
18. Multiply the first equation by 5 so the coefficients 4w 36
of the y terms are additive inverses. Then add the 4w 36
equations. 4
4
1
3x 3 y 10 Multiply by 5.
5
15x 3y 50 w9
5 5 Substitute 9 for w in either equation to find the
2x 3 y 35 () 2x 3 y 35 value of /.
17x 85 /7w
17x
17
85 /79
17
/ 16
x5
The length of the rectangle is 16 cm and the
Now substitute 5 for x in either equation to find width of the rectangle is 9 cm.
the value of y.
1
3x 3 y 10
1
3(5) 3 y 10
1
15 3 y 10
1
15 3 y 15 10 15
1
3
y 5
1
(3) 3 y (3)(5)
y 15
359 Chapter 7
21. The solution includes the ordered pairs in the Since x 10,000 y, substitute 10,000 y for x
intersection of the graphs of y 7 4 and y 6 1. in the second equation.
The region is shaded. The graphs of y 4 and 0.06x 0.08y 760
y 1 are boundaries of this region. The graphs 0.06(10,000 y) 0.08y 760
of both boundaries are dashed and are not 600 0.06y 0.08y 760
included in the solution. 600 0.02y 760
y 600 0.02y 600 760 600
0.02y 160
0.02y 160
0.02
0.02
O x y 8000
Substitute 8000 for y in either equation to find
y 4
y 1 the value of x.
x 10,000 y
x 10,000 8000
x 2000
22. The solution includes the ordered pairs in the $2000 was invested at 6% and $8000 was
intersection of the graphs of y 3 and invested at 8%.
y 7 x 2. The region is shaded. The graphs of 25. D; For the system
y 3 and y x 2 are boundaries of this y 7 2x 1
region. The graph of y 3 is solid and is included , both boundary lines should be
y 6 x 2
in the graph of y 3. The graph of y x 2 is dashed. The region representing the intersection
dashed and is not included in the graph of of the graphs of these two inequalities is above
y 7 x 2. the graph of y 2x 1 and below the graph of
y y x 2. To check, test an ordered pair in this
y3
region to verify that the coordinates satisfy both
inequalities. For example, check (3, 2).
y x 2 Check: y 7 2x 1 y 6 x 2
? ?
O x 2 7 2(3) 1 2 6 (3) 2
? ?
2 7 6 1 2 6 3 2
2 7 5 ✓ 2 6 1 ✓
23. The solution includes the ordered pairs in the Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
intersection of the graphs of x 2y and
2x 3y 7. The region is shaded. The graphs of Pages 404–405
x 2y and 2x 3y 7 are boundaries of this
1. B;
region. The graphs of both boundaries are solid
and are included in the solution. 4x 2(x 2) 8 0
4x 2x 4 8 0
y
2x 4 0
2x 4 4 0 4
2x 3y 7 2x 4
2x 4
x 2
2
O
x2
x 2y 2. C;
Let p the price of the CD before tax.
p 0.07p 17.11
1.07p 17.11
24. Let x the amount invested at 6% and let 1.07p 17.11
y the amount invested at 8%. 1.07
1.07
x y 10,000 p 15.99 (to the nearest hundredth)
0.06x 0.08y 760 The price of the CD before tax was $15.99.
Solve the first equation for x. 3. B;
x y 10,000 f(x) 2x 3 f(x) 2x 3 f(x) 2x 3
x y y 10,000 y f(3) 2(3) 3 f(4) 2(4) 3 f(5) 2(5) 3
x 10,000 y 63 83 10 3
3 5 7
The range is {3, 5, 7}.
Chapter 7 360
4. D; 7. D;
2 1 2
Tamika’s her car
Number of hours, x current her payment
1 3 4 6 balance plus deposit minus withdrawal is at least $200.
14243 123 14243 1 424 3 1442443 14 424 43 1424 3
Number of birds, y 6 14 18 26 185 d 230 200

8 4

8 8. B;
The difference in y values is four times the Since the perimeter is 68 ft, 2/ 2w 68.
difference of the x values. This suggests that Since the length is 4 more than twice the width,
y 4x. Check this equation. / 2w 4.
Check: If x 1, then y 4(1) or 4. But the y 9. C;
value for x 1 is 6. This is a difference Let j the cost of the jeans and let s the cost of
of 2. Try some other values in the the shirt. Since Ernesto’s total cost is $64, j s
domain to see if the same difference 64. Since the jeans cost $6 more than the shirt,
occurs. j s 6.
x 1 3 4 6 Since j s 6, substitute s 6 for j in the first
4x 4 12 16 24 y is always 2 equation.

y 6 14 18 26 more than 4x. j s 64

(s 6) s 64
This pattern suggests that 2 should be added to
2s 6 64
one side of the equation in order to correctly
2s 6 6 64 6
describe the relation. Check y 4x 2.
2s 58
If x 3, then y 4(3) 2 or 14. 2s 58

If x 6, then y 4(6) 2 or 26. 2 2
Thus, y 4x 2 correctly describes the relation. s 29

5. C; Use j s 6 to find the value of j.
Step 1 The coordinates of two points on the line js6
are (3, 0) and (0,4). Find the slope. Let j 29 6
(x1, y1) (3, 0) and (x2, y2) (0, 4). j 35
y y The jeans cost $35.
m x2 x1
2 1 10. C;
4 0
m0 (3) Since the coefficients of the x terms, 3 and 3, are
m
4 the same, you can eliminate x by subtracting the
3 equations.
4
The slope is 3. 3x 4y 8
Step 2 The line crosses the y-axis at (0, 4). So, () 3x 2y 2
the y-intercept is 4. 2y 10
Step 3 Write the equation. 2y 10
2
2
y mx b
y5
4
y 3x (4) The value of y is 5.
4
11. Use the formula V / w h.
1 2 1 2
y 3x 4
1 2
1 1
(3)y (3) 3x 4
4 Volume 242 8 9 22 8 6
3y 4x 12 1764 120

3y 4x 4x 12 4x 1644
3y 4x 12 The volume is 1644 ft3.
The equation is 3y 4x 12. 12. (5x 6) (5x 6) (5x 6)
6. B; (5x 6) 204
20x 24 204
A line parallel to the graph of y 3x 6 has the
20x 24 24 204 24
same slope.
20x 180
y 3x 6 20x 180
y 3x 3x 6 3x 20
20
y 3x 6 x9
The slope of the line is 3. The value of x is 9.
361 Chapter 7
13. To find the x-intercept, let y 0. Column B: Let (2, 1) (x1, y1) and
4x 3y 12 (5, 3) (x2, y2).
4x 3(0) 12 y y
m x2 x1
4x 12 2 1
3 1
4x

12 5 (2)
4 4
2
x3 7
The x-intercept is 3. 1 7 2 6 1
Since 3 21 and 7 21, 3 is greater than 7. So, the
2
14. Write the equation in slope-intercept form quantity in Column A is greater.

y mx b. 18. B;
4x 2y 5 Multiply the second equation by 3 so the
4x 2y 4x 5 4x coefficients of the y terms are additive inverses.
2y 5 4x Then add the equations.
2y 5 4x
2
2 x 3y 11 x 3y 11
y
5 4x
2 3x y 13 Multiply by 3. () 9x 3y 39
2
5 10x 50
y 2 2x 10x 50
10
10
5
y 2x 2
x5
5
The slope m is 2 and the y-intercept b is 2. Now substitute 5 for x in either equation to find
15. Multiply the first equation by 2 so the the value of y.
coefficients of the y terms are additive inverses. 3x y 13
Then add the equations. 3(5) y 13
5x y 10 Multiply by 2. 10x 2y 20 15 y 13
7x 2y 11 () 7x 2y 11 15 y 15 13 15
3x 9 y 2
3x 9 The value of y is 2. Since 0 is greater than 2,
3
3
the quantity in Column B is greater.
x3
19. A;
Multiply the first equation by 2 so the coefficients
the value of y.
5x y 10 equations.
5(3) y 10 3x 2y 19 Multiply by 2. 6x 4y 38
15 y 10 5x 4y 17 () 5x 4y 17
15 y 15 10 15 11x 55
y 5 11x 55
11
(1)(y) (1) (5) 11
y5 x5
The solution is (3, 5). Now substitute 5 for x in either equation to find
the value of y.
16. C;
5x 4y 17
34 3 3 3 3 92 9 9
5(5) 4y 17
81 81
25 4y 17
Since 34 81 and 92 81, the two quantities are 25 4y 25 17 25
equal. 4y 8
17. A; 4y 8
4
4
Column A: Let (2, 4) (x1, y1) and
(1, 3) (x2, y2). y 2
y y Since the value of x, 5, is greater than the value
m x2 x1
2 1 of y, 2, the quantity in Column A is greater.
3 4
1 2
1 1
3 or 3
Chapter 7 362
20a. Let A the number of adult tickets sold and let 20b. A C 650
C the number of children’s tickets sold. A C C 650 C
The number of the number of A 650 C
adult tickets plus children’s 4443
144424443 123 1444424
tickets is 650.
{ 123
A C 650 7.5A 4.5C 3675

7.5(650 C) 4.5C 3675
The the the the
cost number cost number 4875 7.5C 4.5C 3675
of an of of a of 4875 3C 3675
adult adult children’s children’s 4875 3C 4875 3675 4875
ticket times tickets plus ticket times tickets is $3675.
14243 123 14243 123 14 4244 3 123 14 4244 3 { 1 4243 3C 1200
7.50 A 4.50 C 3675 3C 1200
3
3
The equations are A C 650 and
7.5 A 4.5 C 3675. C 400
A 650 C
A 650 400
A 250
250 adult tickets and 400 child tickets were
sold.
363 Chapter 7
PQ249-6481F-08[364-387] 26/9/02 10:13 PM Page 364 Sahuja Ahuja_QXP_06:Desktop Folder:Chandra:6481F-QuarkFile:
Chapter 8 Polynomials
Page 409 Getting Started 3. Poloma; when finding the product of powers with
1. 2 2 2 2 2 25 2. 3 3 3 3 34 the same base, keep the same base and add the
exponents. Do not multiply the bases.
3. 5 5 52 4. x x x x3
4. No; 5 7d shows subtraction, as well as
5. a a a a a a a6 6. x x y y y x2y3
112 25 1ab 221dc 23
multiplication.
1 1 1 1 1 a a c c c
7. 2
2222 8. b
bddd 4a
5. No; 3b shows division, as well as multiplication.
9. 32 3 3 10. 43 4 4 4 6. Yes; a single variable is a monomial.
9 64 7. x (x4 )(x6 ) x146
11. 52 5 5 12. 104 10 10 10 10 x11
25 10,000 8. (4a b)(9a2b3 ) (4)(9) (a4 a2 ) (b b3 )
4
13. (6) 2 (6)(6) 14. (3) 3 (3)(3) (3) 36 (a42 ) (b13 )
36 27
123 24 23 23 23 23 1 2 1 21 2
36a6b4
7 7 7
15. 16. 8 2 8 8 9. [ (2 ) ] [2 ] 3
3 2 3 32
16 49 [26 ] 3
81 64
1 263
17. Area 2bh
218 or 262,144
1
2 14 9 10. (3y5z) 2 32 (y5 ) 2 z2
79 9 y52 z2
63 9y10z2
The area of the triangle is 63 yd2. 11. (4mn2 )(12m2n) (4 12)(m m2 ) (n2 n)
18. Area r2 48(m12 ) (n21 )
(62 ) 48m3n3
36 12. (2v w ) (3vw ) 2
3 4 3 3
113.04
[ (2) 3 (v3 ) 3 (w4 ) 3 ] [ (3) 2v2 (w3 ) 2 ]
The area of the circle is 36 m2 or about
[ 8 v33 w43 ] [ 9 v2 w32 ]
113.04 m2.
[8v9w12 ] [ 9v2w6 ]
19. Volume /wh
734 (8 9)(v9 v2 ) (w12 w6 )
21 4 72(v92 ) (w126 )
84 72v11w18
The volume is 84 ft3. 13. Area 2bh
1
20. Volume /wh 1

2 (5n3 )(2n2 )
555
1
25 5 2 (5 2)(n3 n2 )
125 1
2 (10)(n32 )
The volume is 125 cm3.
5n5
1
14. Area 2bh
2 (3a4b)(4ab5 )
1a. Sample answer: n2(n5) n2 + 5 1
n7 2 (3 4)(a4 a) (b b5 )
1b. Sample answer: (n ) n2 5
2 5 1
2 (12)(a41 )(b15 )
n10 6a5b6
1c. Sample answer: (nm2)5 n5(m2)5
n5 m2 5
n5m10 Pages 413–415 Practice and Apply
2 2 2
2a. No; (5m) 5 m 15. Yes; 12 is a real number and therefore a monomial.
25m2 16. Yes; 4x3 is the product of a number and three
2b. Yes; the power of a product is the product of the variables.
powers. 17. No; a 2b shows subtraction, not multiplication
2c. No; (3a)2 (3)2 a2 of variables.
9a2 18. No; 4n 5m shows addition, not multiplication of
2d. No; 2(c ) 2 c7 3
7 3 variables.
2c21 19. No;
x
shows division, not multiplication of
y2
variables.
Chapter 8 364
1 1
20. Yes; 5abc14 is the product of a number, 5, and 37. (2ag2 ) 4 (3a2g3 ) 2 [ (24 ) (a4 ) (g2 ) 4 ][ (32 ) (a2 ) 2 (g3 ) 2 ]
several variables. [ 16a4g24 ] [ 9a22g32 ]
21. (ab4 )(ab2 ) (a a)(b4 b2 ) [ 16a4g8 ] [ 9a4g6 ]
(a11 )(b42 ) (16) (9) (a4 a4 ) (g8 g6 )
a2b6 144(a44 ) (g68 )
22. ( p q )( p q) ( p5 p2 )(q4 q)
5 4 2 144a8g14
( p52 )(q41 ) 38. (2m n ) (3m n) 4
2 3 3 3
p7q5 [ (23 )(m2 ) 3 (n3 ) 3 ] [ (34 ) (m3 ) 4 (n4 ) ]

23. (7c3d4 ) (4cd3 ) (7 4)(c3 c) (d4 d3 ) [8m23n33 ] [ 81m34n4 ]
(28) (c31 ) (d43 ) [8m6n9 ] [ 81m12n4 ]
28c4d7 (8)(81) (m6 m12 ) (n9 n4 )
24. (3j 7k5 )(8jk8 ) (3)(8)( j7 j)(k5 k8 ) 648(m612 ) (n94 )
(24)( j71 )(k58 ) 648m18n13
24j8k13 13 2
39. (8y3 ) (3x2y2 ) 8 xy4 (8) (3) 1 38 2 (x2 x) (y3 y2 y4 )
25. (5a b c )(6a b c ) (5 6) (a2 a3 )(b3 b4 ) (c4 c2 )
138 2 (x21) (y324)
2 3 4 3 4 2
24
(30)(a23 )(b34 )(c42 )
9x3y9
1 2 1 2
30a5b7c6
4 1
26. (10xy z )(3x y z ) (10 3)(x x4)(y5 y6)(z3 z3)
5 3 4 6 3 40. m 2 (49m) (17p) 34p5
31 2 4 1 2
7
(30)(x1 4)(y5 6)(z3 3) 4 1
7 2 (m2 ) (49m) (17p) 34p5
1 2 1 2
30x5y11z6
16 1
27. (9pq ) 9 p (q7 ) 2
7 2 2 2 49 (49) (17) 34 (m2 m) ( p p5 )
81 p2 q72 1
12
(16) 2 (m21 ) ( p15 )
81p2q14 3 6
8m p
28. (7b3c6 ) 3 73 (b3 ) 3 (c6 ) 3
343 b33 c63 41. (2b3 ) 4 3(2b4 ) 3 (2) 4 (b3 ) 4 3(2) 3 (b4 ) 3
343b9c18 16b34 3(8)b43
16b12 24b12
29. [ (3 ) ] [324 ] 2
2 4 2
(16 24)b12
[38 ] 2
40b12
382
316 or 43,046,721 42. 2(5y ) (3y ) 2(5) 2 (y3 ) 2 (3) 3 (y3 ) 3
3 2 3 3
2(25) (y32 ) (27)(y33 )

30. [ (4 ) ] [423 ] 2
2 3 2
50y6 27y9
[46 ] 2
462 43. Area /w
412 or 16,777,216 (5f 4g3 ) (3fg2 )
31. (0.5x3 ) 2 (0.5) 2 (x3 ) 2 (5) (3) ( f 4 f ) ( g3 g2 )
0.25 x32 15( f 41 ) (g32 )
0.25x6 15f 5g5
32. (0.4h ) (0.4) 3 (h5 ) 3
5 3 44. Area s2 45. Area r2
2 2
0.064 h53 (a b) (7x4 ) 2
2 2 2
0.064h15 (a ) (b ) [ 72 (x4 ) 2 ]
1 2 1 2 145a222 145 22 (a2)2 (49x4 2 )

22 2
3 3 a b
33. 4c 3 4 3 c3 34. 4 2
a b (49x8 )
27 16
64 c3 25 a22 46. Volume s 3 47. Volume /wh
16
25 a4 14k3 2 3 (xy3 ) (y) (x2y)
4 1k 2
3 3 3 (x x2 ) (y3 y y)
35. (4cd) 2 (3d2 ) 3 [ 42 c2 d2 ] [ (3) 3 (d2 ) 3 ] 33
64k (x12 ) (y311 )
[ 16c2d2 ] [27 d23 ]
64k9 x3y5
[ 16c2d2 ] [27d6 ]
48. Volume r2h
(16)(27)(c2 )(d2 d6 )
(2n) 2 (4n3 )
432 c2 d26
(22 n2 ) (4n3 )
432c2d8
(4n2 ) (4n3 )
36. (2x5 ) 3 (5xy6 ) 2 [ (2) 3 (x5 ) 3 ] [ (5) 2 (x2 )(y6 ) 2 ] (4 4) (n2 n3 )
[ 8x53 ] [ 25x2y62 ] 16n23
[ 8x15 ] [ 25x2y12 ] 16 n5
(8)(25)(x15 x2 )(y12 )
200 x152y12
200x17y12
365 Chapter 8
49. 106 106 1066 62. y

1012 or 1 trillion y 2x 1
50. (10 ) 1064
6 4
1024 O x
51. For 1 km/min:
yx2
I 2s2
2(1) 2 or 2
For 2 km/min:
I 2s2
2122 2 or 8
For 4 km/min: 63. y
I 2s2
2(4) 2 or 32 x 2
52. The collision impact quadruples, since 2(2s)2 is

4(2s2).
yx3
53. 212 210 21210
222 or 4,194,304 ways O x
54. There is 1 way of answering all questions
correctly out of a total of 4,194,304 ways to
answer all questions.
1
P(answers all correct) 4,194,304
64. 4x 5y 2
55. False. If a 4, then (4)2 16 and 42 16. x 2y 6
56. True. (ambn)p (am) p(bn) p Power of a Product Multiply the second equation by 4. Then add.
ampbnp Power of a Power 4x 5y 2
57. False. Let a 3, b 4, and n 2. Then (a b)n () 4x 8y 24
(3 4)2 or 49 and an bn 32 42 or 25. 13y 26
58. Answers should include the following. 13y 26
13
13
80 feet
• the ratio 320 feet’ which simplifies to a ratio of y2
1 to 4 Substitute 2 for y in the second equation.
• If s is replaced by 2s in the formula for the x 2y 6
braking distance required for a car traveling x 2122 6
1
s miles per hour the result is 20 (2s) 2. Using x46
1 2
the Power of a Product and Power of a Power x4464
1
Properties, this simplifies to 4 20s2 . This x2
means that doubling the speed of a car The solution is (2, 2).
multiplies the braking distance by 4. 65. 3x 4y 25
59. D; 42 45 425 60. D; Volume s3 2x 3y 6
4 7 15x2 3 Multiply the first equation by 3 and the second
53x3 equation by 4. Then add.
125x3 9x 12y 75
() 8x 12y 24
17x 51
Page 415 Maintain Your Skills 17x

51
17 17
61. y
x 3
Substitute 3 for x in the second equation.
y 2x 2
2x 3y 6
2(3) 3y 6
O 6 3y 6
x
y x 1 6 3y 6 6 6
3y 12
3y 12
3
3
y 4
Chapter 8 366
66. x y 20 74. Let x be the number of hours.

0.4x 0.15y 4
Train Rate Distance (d = rt)
Multiply the first equation by 0.15. Then add.
Northbound 40 40x
0.15x 0.15y 3
Southbound 30 30x
() 0.4x 0.15y 4
0.25x 1 40x 30x 245
0.25x 1 70x 245
0.25
0.25 70x 245

x4 70 70
7 1
Substitute 4 for x in the first equation. x 2
or 32
1
x y 20 The trains will be 245 miles apart in 32 hours.
4 y 20 2 2
2 3 3
3 10 10
5
75. 6
2
76. 15
3 77. 5
5
4 y 4 20 4 6 15 5
1 1 2
y 16 3 5 1
or 2
9 14 14
2 9 9
3
78. 9
9
9 79. 36
36
2
80. 48
48
3
67. 4 h 3 or 4h5 3 7 3
4 h 4 3 4 4h454 1 or 3 18
16
h 7 h54 81.
44 44
4
32
4 82.
45

45
9
32 18 18
9
h1 11 3 5 1
The solution set is {h|h 7 or h 1}. 8 or 18 2
or 22
8 6 4 2 0 2
68. 4 6 4a 12 6 24
4 6 4a 12 and 4a 12 6 24
4 12 6 4a 12 12 4a 12 12 6 24 12 Collect the data.
8 6 4a 4a 6 12 • Method 1
8
6
4a 4a
6
12 By counting, we find that there are 62 squares.
4 4 4 4
Method 2
2 6 a a 6 3
SA 2w/ 2wh 2/h
The solution set is 5a|2 6 a 6 36 .
2(3) (5) 2(3) (2) 2(5) (2)
30 12 20
4 2 0 2 4 6 62
69. 14 6 3h 2 6 2 The surface area is 62 cm2.
14 6 3h 2 and 3h 2 6 2 • V /wh
14 2 6 3h 2 2 3h 2 2 6 2 2 532
12 6 3h 3h 6 0 30
12 3h 3h 0
3
6 3 3
6 3
4 6 h h 6 0 1.
The solution set is the empty set, . Surface
Surface Volume
Prism Dimensions Volume Area Ratio Ratio
1SASAofofOriginal 2 1V VofofOriginal 2
Area
New New
4 2 0 2 4 6
70. 2m 3 7 7 or 2m 7 7 9 Original 2 by 5 by 3 62 30
2m 3 3 7 7 3 2m 7 7 7 9 7 A 4 by 10 by 6 248 240
248
4
240
8
62 30
2m 7 10 2m 7 2
558 810
2m 10 2m 2 B 6 by 15 by 9 558 810 62
9 30
27
2
7 2 2
7 2
m 7 5 m 7 1 2. Sample answer:
The solution set is {m|m 1}. Surface
Surface Volume
Prism Dimensions Volume Area Ratio Ratio
1SASAofofOriginal 2 1V VofofOriginal 2
Area
New New
4 2 0 2 4 6
Original 4 by 6 by 9 228 216
71. The figure has been enlarged. This is a dilation.
912 1728
72. The figure has been moved around a point. This is A 8 by 12 by 18 912 1728 228
4 216
8
a rotation. B 12 by 18 by 2052 5832
2052
9
5832
27
228 216
73. The figure has been flipped over a line. This is a 27
reflection.
3. The ratio of the surface areas is 4, and the ratio of
the volumes is 8.
4. The ratio of the surface areas is 9, and the ratio of
the volumes is 27.
367 Chapter 8
c5
1c1 21d1 21g1 2
5
5. The ratio of the surface areas is a2, and the ratio 8. 132 132
1
9.
d3g8
1 c 21 d 21 1 2
3 8
of the volumes is a3. 8
1 1 1 g
6. Yes, the conjectures hold. If the ratio of the 169 5 3
dimensions of two cylinders is a, then the ratio of g8

the surface areas is a2 and the ratio of the c5d3
volumes is a3.
15
10 21 p 21 q 2
7 7
5pq p q
10. 10p6q3
6 3
1p 21q73 2
1 16
2
1p 21q4 2
1 5
8-2 Dividing Monomials
1 2
2
1 1
2 p5
(q4 )
Page 418 Graphing Calculator Investigation q
4
2p5
1. KEYSTROKES: 2 4 ENTER ; 2 3 2
(cd2 ) 3
3
c (d ) 3
ENTER ; 2 2 ENTER ; 2 1 ENTER ; 2 11. (c4d9 ) 2
(c4 ) 2 (d9 ) 2
3 6
0 ENTER ; 2 1 ENTER ; 2 2 c d
c8d18
1cc 21dd 2
ENTER ; 2 3 ENTER ; 2 4 ENTER 3 6
8 18
Power 24 23 22 21 20 21 22 23 24 1c3182 21d61182 2

Value 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 1 1 c11d12
2 4 8 16 (4m3n5 ) 0 1
12. mn
mn
2a–d. The numbers are reciprocals of one another.
Volume of cylinder r2h
3. The fractional value of 51 is 5, since
1 1
is the 13. C; Volume of sphere 4
5 r3
reciprocal of 5 or 51. 3
(r) 2 (2r)
KEYSTROKES: 5 1 ENTER 4
(r) 3
The value of 51 is 0.2 or 5. The conjecture is
1 3
2 r3
correct. 4
r3
0 ENTER
1 21rr 2
4. KEYSTROKES: 5 3
2 3
The value of 50 is 1. a4b 3
1 2
5. KEYSTROKES: 0 0 ENTER 3
2 3
An error message appears. (1)r33
1 4
3 0 3
2
r or 2

1. Sample answer: 9xy and 6xy2 Pages 421–423 Practice and Apply
(9xy)(6xy2 ) (9)(6)(x x)(y y2 ) 4
12
3
13
54x2y3 14. 42
4122 15. 37
3137
3 5 3 5 410 or 1,048,576 36 or 729
1pp 21nn 2 1yy 21zz 2

a b a b 1 1
2. ab2
1
1
a b2 7 3 7 3 3 9 3 9
p n y z
a3 b5 a1 b2 16. p4n2
4 2 17. yz2
2
a3(1) b5(2) (p74 )(n32 ) (y 31 ) (z92 )
a2b3 p3n y2z7
15b2a n 2 15b4n2 2
14x3my 2 13m7 2 4
3. Jamal; a factor is moved from the numerator of a 4 2 7 4
fraction to the denominator or vice versa only if 18. 6 12a6 2 2
19. 5 3 14x5y3 2 4
1
the exponent of the factor is negative; 4 4. 52 1b4 2 2n2 34 1m7 2 4
22 1a6 2 2
44 1x5 2 4 1y3 2 4
1xx 21yy 2
8 8 12 8 12
7 x y 25b8n2 81m28
4. 72
782 5. x2y7
2 7 256x20y12
12
10 21 a 2 11545 21bb 2
4a12
76 or 117,649 (x82 ) (y127 ) 20.
2a3

a 3
21.
15b

10a8 8 45b5 5
x6y5
12c7z d 23 (2c(7z d))

1 38 1
(a ) (b15 )
7. y0 1y5 21y9 2 y05192
3 3 3 5 3
6. 1 5
b 4
2 2 3 1
a
1 2 1b1 2
3 3 3 3 5 3
y4
2 (c ) d
1 1 1
73 (z2 ) 3 5 a5
3 4
9 3
8c d 1
1 1
343z6 y4 5a5 3b4
Chapter 8 368
22. x3y0x7 x3(7)y0 33.

p 4q 3

p 4q 3
(p5q2 ) 1 (p5 ) 1 (q2 ) 1
x 4 (1) p 4q 3

1 21 2
1 p 5q 2
x4
p4 q3

23. n2 ( p 4 )(n 5 ) n2(5)p 4 p5 q2
n 3p 4 ( p4(5) ) (q3(2) )

1n1 21p1 2 p(q1 )
11q 2
3 4

1 p
n3p4
p

24. 6 2 62 25. 5 3 53
1r t t 2 1 1b 4cc dd 2
1 1 q
2 5 0 2 0
1 1 34. 35. 1
36 125 1 2 3 1
36. 1 n z 2 (n z )
145 2 2 45 132 23 32
2 4 1 2 4 1
2 3 5b n (5b n )
26. 27. 2 3 2 3 1
1 1 21 5 2 1 1 21 2 2
2 3
2 3 51 (b2 ) 1 (n4 ) 1
4 1 3 1 (n2 ) 1 (z3 ) 1
1 4 21 1 2 1 3 21 1 2
2 3
51b2 n4

2 3
1 5 1 2
1 21 21 21 2
2 3 n2 z3
51 b2 n4 1
52 23
42 33 1 n2 z3
1 5 21 1 2 (n4(2) ) 1 z 2
1
2
25 8 1 b 1
16 27
1 5z 2 (n2 )
3
28a7c 4
1 21 21 21 2
28 a7 1 c 4
2
b
28.
1 5z 21 n 2
7a3b0c 8 7 a3 b0 c 8 3
4(a73 )(1)(c 4(8) )

2
b 1
3 2
4a4c4
1305 21hh 21kk 2
b2
30h 2k14 2 14 5n2z3
12a3ab 2
29. 5hk 3
3
2
bc1 3 (2a2bc1 ) 3
37.
6(h21 ) (k14(3) ) 2 (3ab2 ) 3
6h3k17 23 (a2 ) 3 (b3 ) (c1 ) 3
161 21h1 21k1 2

33 (a3 ) (b2 ) 3
17
2 3a6b 3c3
3

1 21 21 21 21 2
3 3a 3b6
6k17 23 a6 b 3 c3

1
1 21 21 21 2
h3
1 2 21 1 2 (a6(3) ) (b 36 ) 1 1 2
1 3 3 a 3 b6 1
18x3y4z7 18 x3 y4 z7
30. 2x2yz
2 x2 y z
1 3 3
c 3
1 8 21 1 2 (a9 ) (b 9 ) 1 1 2
3
9(x32 )(y41 )(z71 ) 1 27 c 3
8 1 1 21 b 2
9xy3z6
119
3 2
(y0 ) 1 z 2
3 9
27c a 1
19y0z4 z 4
31. 9
1 3 2 (1)(z416 )
3z16 16
9 3
27a c
19 8b9
Area

19
(z12 ) 38. /
1 2
w
3
24x5y3
19 1
3 z12
1 21 21 2
8x3y2
24 x5 y3
19
3z12 8 x3 y2
32.
(5r 2 ) 2 5 2 (r 2 ) 2
22 (r3 ) 2 3(x53 ) (y32 )
(2r3 ) 2
3x2y
5 2r4
The length is 3x2y units.
1 21 21 2
22r6
5 2 1 r4 Area
39. h 1
1 25 21 4 2 (r46 )
1 22 r6
1 1 2
b
1 100 2 (r 2 )
100 a3b
1 1
(20a2 )
1 100 21 r 2
2
1 1 100a3b

1 21 21 2
2
10a2
1
100r2
100 a3 b
10 a2 1
10 (a32 ) (b)
10ab
The height is 10ab units.
369 Chapter 8
heavy traffic 10 3 51. You can compare pH levels by finding the ratio of
40. 10 6
1 2
normal conversation one pH level to another written in terms of the
103(6) 1
concentration c of hydrogen ions, c 10 pH.
103 or 1000 Answers should include the following.
The sound from heavy traffic is 103 or 1000 times • Sample answer: To compare a pH of 8 with a
more intense than normal conversation. pH of 9 requires simplifying the quotient of
41. 10,000 noisy kitchen 104 10 2 powers,
104(2)
1101 2
1101 2
8
1101 2
102
89
9
The sound of a jet plane (30 m away) is 10,000
1101 2
times more intense than a noisy kitchen. 1
whisper 10 9
42. normal conversation
10 6
1 2
1
109(6) 1 1
Negative Exponent Property
10 3 10
1
103 or
1 10
1000
1 Thus, a pH of 8 is ten times more acidic than a
The intensity of a whisper is that of normal 1000 pH of 9.
conversation.
22 23 22 3
12
43. If you toss a coin n times, the probability of 52. A; 22 23 22 (3)
1
getting n heads is 2 n. 25
12 2
25
n
1 n 1
44. 2n 25(5)

1 210
2n
2n 53. Since each number is obtained by dividing the
previous number by 3, 31 3 and 30 1.
45. 10 5 105 or
1 1
100,000
10 4 104 or
1 1
10,000
1 1 1 Page 423 Maintain Your Skills
The range of visible light is to cm or 3n)(mn2 )
1
105 104 100,000 54. (m (m3 m) (n n2 )
to 10,000
cm. (m31) (n12 )
46. 107 107 or
1 1
10,000,000
m4n3
4y3 )(4x4y) (3 4) (x4 x4 ) (y3 y)
109 109 or 1,000,000,000 55. (3x
1 1
1 1 1
12(x44) (y31 )
The range of x-rays is 107 to 109
cm or 10,000,000
to 12x8y4
57. 13cd5 2 2 32 1c2 21d5 2 2
1
1,000,000,000
cm. 56. 3 2 4
(a x ) (a ) (x ) 3 4 2 4
a x12 8 9c2d10
47. an (a3 )
an3
48. (54x3 )(52x1 ) 5(4x3)(2x1) 58. 3 123 2 2 4 2 3 26 4 2
56x2 212 or 4096
c x7 59. 3 (2b3 ) 2 (3) 3 (a3 ) (b3 ) (22 ) (b3 ) 2
49. c(x7)(x4) (3ab)
c x4
(27) (a3 ) (b3 ) (4) (b6 )
c x7x4 108a3 (b36 )
c11
131 21bb 2
108a3b9
3b2n9 2n9
50. b3(n3)
3(n3) 60. The following system of inequalities can be used
3(b (2n9)3(n3)
) to represent the conditions of the problem.
3(b2n93n9 ) x0
3bn y0
131 21b1 2
147x 219y 1200
n
xy8
3
bn y
xy8
147x 219y 1200

x
O
Chapter 8 370
61. Sample answers: 3 oz of mozzarella, 4 oz of Swiss; 68. To find the x-intercept, let y 0.
4 oz of mozzarella, 3 oz of Swiss; 5 oz of 2x 7 3y
mozzarella, 3 oz of Swiss 2x 7 3(0)
62. y mx b 63. y mx b 2x 7
y 1x (4) y 2x 3 2x
2
7
yx4 2
7 1
64. y mx b 65. y mx b x 2 or 32
1 3
y 3x (1) y 2x 2 To find the y-intercept, let x 0.
y
1
3x 1 2x 7 3y
2(0) 7 3y
66. To find the x-intercept, let y 0. 0 7 3y
2y x 10 0 3y 7 3y 3y
2102 x 10 3y 7
0 x 10 3y 7
3
0 10 x 10 10 3
7 1
10 x y 3 or 23
y
2y x 10
2y 0 10
2y 10 (0, 2 13)
2y 10 2x 7 3y

2 2 (3 12 , 0)
y5 O x
2y x 10
(0, 5) 69. 1121 11 since both
112 121 and (11) 2 121.
70. 13.24 1.8 since 1.82 3.24.
71. 152 7.21 since
(10, 0) O x (7.21) 2 52.
72. 102 103 1023
67. To find the x-intercept, let y 0. 105
4x y 12 73. 108 105 10(8) (5)
4x 0 12 1013
4x 12 74. 10 10 10(6) 9
6 9
4x

12 103
4 4
x3 75. 10 10 108 (1)
8 1
107
To find the y-intercept, let x 0. 4 104 104 (4)
76. 10
4x y 12
4102 y 12 100 or 1
y 12 77. 1012 10 10(12) 1
(1)(y) (1)(12) 1011
y 12
y
(3, 0) Page 424 Reading Mathematics
8 4 O 4 8x 1. Sample answer: triangle; a three-sided polygon.
4 2. See students’ work.
3a. precisely half of
8
3b. six
4x y 12
12 3c. eight
(0, 12)
371 Chapter 8

8-3 Scientific Notation
18. 5 106 0.000005
19. 6.1 109 0.0000000061
Page 428 Check for Understanding 20. 7.9 104 79,000
1. When numbers between 0 and 1 are written in 21. 8 107 80,000,000
scientific notation, the exponent is negative. If the 22. 1.243 107 0.0000001243
number is not between 0 and 1, use a positive 23. 2.99 101 0.299
exponent.
24. 4.782 1013 47,820,000,000,000
2. 65.2 103 is not written in scientific notation.
25. 6.89 100 6.89
The number 65.2 is greater than 10.
26. 2 1011 200,000,000,000
3. Sample answer: 6.5 million; 6,500,000; 6.5 106
27. 2.389 105 238,900
4. 2 108 0.00000002
28. 1.67265 1027
5. 4.59 103 4590
0.00000000000000000000000000167265
6. 7.183 1014 718,300,000,000,000
29. 9.1095 1031
7. 3.6 105 0.000036 0.00000000000000000000000000000091095
8. 56,700,000 5.67 107 30. 50,400,000,000 5.04 1010
9. 0.00567 5.67 103 31. 34,402,000 3.4402 107
10. 0.00000000004 4 1011 32. 0.000002 2 106
11. 3,002,000,000,000,000 3.002 1015 33. 0.00090465 9.0465 104
12. 15.3 102 2 14.1 105 2 15.3 4.121102 105 2 34. 25.8 2.58 10
21.73 107
380.7 3.807 102
12.173 101 2 1107 2
35.
622 106 16.22 102 2 106
2.173 1101 107 2
36.
6.22 1102 106 2
2.173 108
6.22 108
or 217,300,000
87.3 10 18.73 102 1011
11
13. 12 10 2 19.4 10 2 12 9.421105 103 2
5 3 37.
8.73 110 1011 2
18.8 108
11.88 101 2 1108 2
8.73 1012
1.88 1101 108 2 38. 0.5 10 15 101 2 104
4
1.88 107 5 1101 10 4 2

or 0.000000188 5 105
11.5
2.5 21 10 2
1.5 102 2
10 39. 0.0081 103 (8.1 103 ) 103
14.
2.5 1012 12
8.1 (103 103 )
0.6 1010 8.1 106
16 101 2 1010 40. 94 10 19.4 102 107
7
6 1101 1010 2 9.4 110 107 2

6 1011 9.4 106
or 0.00000000006 0.001 10 (1 103 ) 1012
11.25
2.5 21 10 2
12
41.
1.25 104
1 1103 1012 2
4
10
15. 2.5 106
6
1 109
0.5 1010
15 101 2 1010 42. 10 billion tons 10,000,000,000 tons
5 1101 1010 2 1 1010 tons
5 109 43. 602,214,299,000,000,000,000,000
or 5,000,000,000 6.02214299 1023
16. 1,650,000,000; 1.65 109; 1,540,000,000,000; 44. 18.9 104 214 103 2 18.9 421104 103 2
1.54 1012 35.6 107
1.54 1012 13.56 102 107
3.56 110 107 2
17. Average
1 21 2
1.65 109
1.54 1012
1.65 109
3.56 108
or 356,000,000
0.933 103
19.33 101 2 103
45. (3 106 )(5.7 102 ) (3 5.7)(106 102 )
9.33 1101 103 2
17.1 108
(1.71 10) 108
9.33 102
933. 33 1.71 (10 108 )
1.71 109
An average of $933.33 is charged per credit card.
or 1,710,000,000
Chapter 8 372
46. (5 102 )(8.6 103 ) (5 8.6)(102 10 3 ) 56. Multiply the daily growth rate by the number of
43 105 days. Since we are considering 10 years, there are
365 10 days.
(4.3 10) 105
4.3 (10 105 ) 13.3 104 21365 102 13.3 36521104 102
4.3 104 1204.5 103
or 0.00043 11.2045 103 2 103
47. (1.2 105 ) (1.2 103 ) (1.2 1.2) (105 10 3 ) 1.2045 (103 103 )
1.44 108 1.2045 100
or 0.0000000144 or 1.2045
48. (3.5 107 ) (6.1 108 ) (3.5 6.1) (107 108 ) After 10 years, the hair would be about
1.2 meters long.
21.35 101
(2.135 10) 101 57. Divide the national debt by the number of people.
5.745 1012
2.135 (10 101 )
5.745 trillion

15.745
283.9 21 10 2
283.9 million 283.9 106
2.135 100 1012
or 2.135 6
49. (2.8 102 ) (9.1 106 ) (2.8 9.1) (102 106 ) 0.020 106
25.48 104 or 20,236
(2.548 10) 104 In April 2001, each person’s share of the debt was
2.548 (10 104 ) about $20,236.
2.548 105 58.
Rodriguez’s salary 25.2 million
2.04 million
Foster’s salary
or 254,800
1 21 2 1 21 2
25.2 106
2.04 106
125.2
2.04 21 10 2
7.2 109 7.2 109 7.2 103 7.2 103
50. 4.8 104
4.8 104
51. 1.8 107
1.8 107 6
10
4 6
1.5 105 4 10
or 150,000 or 0.0004 12.35
1 21 2
3.162 104 3.162 104 Rodriguez’s salary in 2000 was about 12 times
52. 5.1 102
102
5.1 Foster’s salary in 1982.
0.62 106 59. There are 365 24 60 60 or 31,536,000 or
(6.2 101 ) 106 3.1536 107 seconds per year.
6.2 (101 106 ) (4.4 106 )(3.1536 107 )
6.2 107 (4.4 3.1536) (106 107 )
or 0.00000062
1 21 2
13.87584 1013
1.035 102 1.035 102
53. 4.5 103
4.5 103 1.387584 1014
0.23 105 The sun burns about 1.4 1014 or 140 trillion tons
(2.3 101 ) 105 of hydrogen per year.
2.3 (101 105 ) 60a. always
2.3 106 (a 10n ) p ap (10n ) p Product of Powers
or 0.0000023 ap 10np Power of a Product
12.795
4.3 21 10 2
2.795 108 10 8 p np
60b. Sometimes; a 10 is only in scientific
54. 4.3 104
4
notation if 1 ap 10. Counterexample:
0.65 104 (5 103)2 52 106 or 25 106, but 25 106
(6.5 10 1 ) 10 4 is not in scientific notation since 25 is greater
6.5 (101 10 4 ) than 10.
6.5 105
14.65
5 21 10 2
or 0.000065
4.65 101 10 1
55. 5 105
5
0.93 106
19.3 101 2 106
9.3 (101 106 )
9.3 107
or 0.00000093
373 Chapter 8
4n3p5
141 21nn 21p1 2
3 5
61. Astronomers work with very large numbers such 69.
as the masses of planets. Scientific notation n2 2
(4)(n3(2 ) (p5 )
1 1p 2
allows them to more easily perform calculations
with these numbers. Answers should include the 4n5
following.
4n5
p5
• Planet Mass (kg)
(8n7 ) 2 82 (n7 ) 2
Mercury 330,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 70. (3n2 ) 3
33 (n2 ) 3
Venus 4,870,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 64n14
33n6
1641 21nn 2131 2

Earth 5,970,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
14
Mars 642,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
131 2
6 3
Jupiter 1,900,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 3
64(n14(6) )
Saturn 569,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Uranus 86,800,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
64(n20 )(27)
1728n20
Neptune 102,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
71. No; 3a 4b shows addition, not multiplication of
Pluto 12,700,000,000,000,000,000,000
variables.
• Scientific notation allows you to fit numbers 6
72. No; n shows division, not multiplication of
such as these into a smaller table. It allows variables.
you to compare large values quickly by
v2 1
comparing the powers of 10 instead of counting 73. Yes; 3
is the product of 3
and v2.
zeros to find place value. For computation, 74. m3 6 17
scientific notation allows you to work with m33 6 17 3
fewer place values and to express your m 6 14
answers in a compact form. {m|m 6 14}
62. C; 360 104 3.6 102 104
3.6 102
18 16 14 12 10
63. (25 billion) (270 million)
(25 109)(270 106) 75. 9 d 7 9
9 d 9 7 99
(25 270)(109 106)
d 7 18
5d|d
6750 1015
7 186
6.75 103 1015
6.75 1018
12 14 18 20 22
There are about 6.75 1018 hemoglobin
molecules in the human body. 76. x 11 23
x 11 11 23 11
64. KEYSTROKES: 4.5 ⫻ 10 9 ⫻ 1.74 ⫻ 10 x 34
2 ENTER (1)(x) (1)34
x 34
7.83 107
{x|x 34}
65. KEYSTROKES: 7.1 ⫻ 10 11 ⫻ 1.2 ⫻ 10
5 ENTER 38 36 34 32 30
106
2 2
8.52 77. 5b 5122 78. c2 9 32 9
66. KEYSTROKES: 4.095 ⫻ 10 5 ⫼ 5142 99
20 0
( 3.15 ⫻ 10 8 ) ENTER 79. b3 3ac 122 3 3152132
1.03 103 8 45
67. KEYSTROKES: 6 ⫻ 10 4 ⫼ 37
80. a2 2a 1 52 2(5) 1
( 5.5 ⫻ 10 7 ) ENTER 25 10 1
1.09 103 34
81. 2b4 5b3 b 2(2) 4 5(2) 3 (2)
Page 430 Maintain Your Skills 2(16) 5(8) 2
1 21 21 21 2
49a4b7c2 49 a4 b7 c2 32 40 2
68. 7ab4c3
7 a b4 c3 10
7(a41 )(b74 )(c23 ) 82. 3.2c3 0.5c2 5.2c 3.2(3) 3 0.5(3) 2 5.2(3)
7a3b3c1 3.21272 0.5192 5.2132
7a3b3 11c 2 86.4 4.5 15.6
75.3
7a3b3
c
Chapter 8 374
Page 430 Practice Quiz 1 2.

1. n 1n 2 1n2 n
3 4 341 x x x x x
n8 1 1 1 1
2. 4ad(3a d) (4 3)(a a3 )(d d)
3
3.
12(a13 )(d11 ) x
2
x
2
x
2
x
12a4d2
3. (2w3z4 ) 3 (4wz3 ) 2
4.
(2) 3 (w3 ) 3 (z4 ) 3 (4) 2 (w2 )(z3 ) 2 2
8(w9 )(z12 ) (16) (w2 ) (z6 ) x x x x x
1 1 1
128(w92 )(z126 )
128w11z18 2
3x 2x
1 21 2 1 2
5.
25p10 25 p10 6k3 2 (6k3 ) 2 6. x2 x 4
4. 5.
1 3 2 1 p103 2
15p3 15 p3 7np4 (7np4 ) 2
5 62 1k3 2 2
7. 2x2 3x 1
72n2 1p4 2 2
x2 2x 3
1 3 2 (p7 )
8.
36k6
5
49n2p8 9. Sample answer: x2, x, and 1 represent the areas of
5p7
tiles.
3
4x0y2 4(1) (y2 )
6. (3y3z5 ) 2
32 (y3 ) 2 (z5 ) 2
4y2
32y6z10
8-4 Polynomials
141 21yy 2131 21z 1 2
2
6 2 10
41y26 2 1 1 21 1 2
2 10
3 z
1. Sample answer: 8
41y4 21921z10 2
2. A negative exponent indicates division, and an
1y1 2
expression involving division by a variable is not
36z10 4 a monomial. If one of the terms of an expression
36z10 is not a monomial, then the expression is not a
y4 polynomial.
7. 16.4 103 217 102 2 16.4 721103 102 2 3a. True; a binomial is a polynomial with two terms.
44.8 105 3b. False; 3x 5 is a polynomial but since it has
14.48 102 105 two terms it is not a monomial.
4.48 110 105 2 3c. True; a monomial is a polynomial with one term.
4.48 106 4. 5x 3xy 2x 7x 13xy2
or 4,480,000
This expression is the sum of two monomials. Yes,
8. (4 102 ) (15 106 ) (4 15)(102 106 ) it is a polynomial; it is a binomial.
60 104 2z 2
5. 5z
(6.0 10) 104 5
6.0 (10 104 ) This expression is a monomial. Yes, it is a

polynomial.
6.0 103
or 0.006 6. 9a2 7a 5 9a2 7a 152
19.2
2.3 21 10 2
9.2 10 3
10 3 This expression is the sum of three monomials.
9. 2.3 105
5
Yes, it is a polynomial; it is a trinomial.
4 102 7. The polynomial 1 has only one term, whose
or 0.04
13.6
1.2 21 10 2
degree is 0. Thus, the degree of 1 is 0.
3.6 107 10 7
The polynomial 3x 2 has two terms, 3x and 2,
10. 1.2 102
2
8.
9 whose degrees are 1 and 0, respectively. Thus, the
3 10 degree of 3x 2 is 1, the greater of 1 and 0.
or 3,000,000,000
9. The polynomial 2x2y3 6x4 has two terms, 2x2y3
and 6x4, whose degrees are 5 and 4, respectively.
Thus, the degree of 2x2y3 6x4 is 5, the greater
Page 431 Algebra Activity of 5 and 4.
(Preview of Lesson 8-4) 10. 6x3 12 5x 6x3 12x0 5x1
1. 12 5x 6x3
x
2
x
2
11. 7a x 4x 2ax5 2a
2 3 2
7a2x3 4x2 2ax5 2ax0

2a 4x2 7a2x3 2ax5
12. 2c5 9cx2 3x 2c5x0 9cx2 3x1
9cx2 3x 2c5
375 Chapter 8
13. y3 x3 3x2y 3xy2 y3x0 x3 3x2y 3xy2 27. The polynomial 4ab has only one term, whose
x3 3x2y 3xy2 y3 degree is 2. Thus, the degree of 4ab is 2.
14. Since the diameter of each semicircle is 2d, the 28. The polynomial 13 has only one term, whose
radius is half of 2d or d. degree is 0. Thus, the degree of 13 is 0.
Area of shaded region 29. The polynomial c4 7c2 has two terms, c4 and
area of rectangle area of semicircles 7c2, whose degrees are 4 and 2, respectively.
11 2
Thus, the degree of c4 7c2 is 4, the greater of 4
lw 2 2r2
c12d2 2 1 2d2 2
and 2.
1
30. The polynomial 6n3 n2p2 has two terms, 6n3
and n2p2, whose degrees are 3 and 4,
2cd d2 respectively. Thus, the degree of 6n3 n2p2 is 4,
the greater of 3 and 4.
31. The polynomial 15 8ag has two terms, 15 and
Pages 434–436 Practice and Apply 8ag, whose degrees are 0 and 2, respectively.
15. 14 Thus, the degree of 15 8ag is 2, the greater of
This expression is a monomial. Yes, it is a 0 and 2.
polynomial. 32. The polynomial 3a2b3c4 18a5c has two terms,
16.
6m2
p3 3a2b3c4 and 18a5c, whose degrees are 9 and 6,
p
respectively. Thus, the degree of 3a2b3c4 18a5c
6m2
The expression p
is not a monomial. No, this is is 9, the greater of 9 and 6.
not a polynomial. 33. The polynomial 2x3 4y 7xy has three terms—
17. 7b 3.2c 8b 15b 13.2c2 2x3, 4y, and 7xy—whose degrees are 3, 1, and 2,
respectively. Thus, the degree of 2x3 4y 7xy is
3, the greatest of 3, 1, and 2.
it is a polynomial; it is a binomial.
34. The polynomial 3z5 2x2y3z 4x2z has three
18. 3x2 x 2 3x2 x 122
1 1
terms—3z5, 2x2y3z, and 4x2z—whose degrees
This expression is the sum of three monomials. are 5, 6, and 3, respectively. Thus, the degree of
Yes, it is a polynomial; it is a trinomial. 3z5 2x2y3z 4x2z is 6, the greatest of 5, 6,
19. 6gh2 4g2h g 6gh2 14g2h2 g and 3.
This expression is the sum of three monomials. 35. The polynomial 7 d5 b2c2d3 b6 has four
Yes, it is a polynomial; it is a trinomial. terms—7, d5, b2c2d3, and b6—whose degrees are
5 0, 5, 7, and 6, respectively. Thus, the degree of
20. 4 2a a2 7 d5 b2c2d3 b6 is 7, the greatest of 0, 5, 7,
5
The expression a2 is not a monomial. No, this is and 6.
not a polynomial. 36. The polynomial 11r2t4 2s4t5 24 has three
21. Area of shaded region terms—11r2t4, 2s4t5, and 24—whose degrees are
area of rectangle area of triangle 6, 9, and 0, respectively. Thus, the degree of
1 11r2t4 2s4t5 24 is 9, the greatest of 6, 9,
bh 2bh and 0.
1
2bh or 0.5bh 37. 2x 3x2 1 2x1 3x2 1x0
22. Area of shaded region 1 2x 3x2
area of rectangle area of squares 38. 9x 7 3x 9x3 7x0 3x5
3 5
ab 41x2 2 7 9x3 3x5

ab 4x2 39. c x c x 8c c2x3 c3x2 8cx0
2 3 3 2
23. Area of shaded region 8c c3x2 c2x3

area of triangle area of circle 40. x3 4a 5a2x6 x3 4ax0 5a2x6
1
2xy r2 4a x3 5a2x6
24. Since the radius of the circle is r, the diameter is 41. 4 3ax 2ax 5a7
5 2
2r. Since the base of the triangle is a diameter, 4x0 3ax5 2ax2 5a7x0
the base is 2r. 4 5a7 2ax2 3ax5
Area of shaded region 42. 10x3y2 3x9y 5y4 2x2
area of circle area of triangle 10x3y2 3x9y 5x0y4 2x2
1
r2 2 (2r)(r) 5y4 2x2 10x3y2 3x9y
43. 3xy2 4x3 x2y 6y
r2 r2
3x1y2 4x3 x2y 6x0y
25. The polynomial 5x3 has only one term, whose
6y 3xy2 x2y 4x3
degree is 3. Thus, the degree of 5x3 is 3.
44. 8a5x 2ax4 5 a2x2
26. The polynomial 9y has only one term, whose
8a5x1 2ax4 5x0 a2x2
degree is 1. Thus, the degree of 9y is 1.
5 8a5x a2x2 2ax4
Chapter 8 376
45. 5 x5 3x3 5x0 x5 3x3 58. A polynomial model of a set of data can be used to
x5 3x3 5 predict future trends in data. Answers should
46. 2x 1 6x 2x1 1x0 6x2
2
6x2 2x 1 Actual
3x2 5a 2a2x3 4a3x2 5ax0 2a2x3
t H
47. 4a Data Values
2a2x3 4a3x2 5a 0 19 19
48. b x 2xb b x0 x2 2x1b
2 2 2 1 19 19
x2 2xb b2 2 22 22
49. c2 cx3 5c3x2 11x 3 23.5 24
c2x0 cx3 5c3x2 11x1 4 25 26
cx3 5c3x2 11x c2 5 34 36
50. 9x2 3 4ax3 2a2x
The polynomial function models the data
9x2 3x0 4ax3 2a2x1
exactly for the first 3 values of t, and then
4ax3 9x2 2a2x 3 closely for the next 3 values.
51. 8x 9x2y 7y2 2x4 • Someone might point to this model as evidence
8x1 9x2y 7x0y2 2x4 that the time people spend playing video
2x4 9x2y 8x 7y2 games is on the rise. This model may assist
52. 4x3y 3xy4 x2y3 y4 video game manufacturers in predicting
4x3y 3x1y4 x2y3 x0y4 production needs.
4x3y x2y3 3xy4 y4 59. B; 3x3 2x2 x 1 3(1)3 + 2(1)2 (1) 1
53. Multiply the number of each type of coin by its 3(1) 2(1) 0
value, and add. 3 2
0.25q 0.10d 0.05n 1
54. t 23; For t 23, the model predicts a negative 60. C; The degree of 5x2y3 is 5. The degree of 3x3y2 is
number of quadruplet births. 5. So the two quantities are equal.
55. Volume
1
volume of cylinder 2 (volume of sphere)
1 2
1 4
r2h 2 3 r3 61. 12,300,000 1.23 107
2 62. 0.00345 3.45 103
r2h 3r3
123 2r3
63. 12 106 1.2 10 106
56. Volume r2h 1.2 107
(2) 2 (6) 3r(2) 3
2 64. 0.77 1010 7.7 101 1010
7.7 1011
1b1 2 11c 2 1nn 2
2
(4)(6) 3(8) 5n5 5
65. a0b2c1 1 2 66. n8
8
16
24 1
3 b2c 5(n58 )
88
or about 92.15
3 5n3
1 2
The volume of the container is about 92.15 in3. 5 1
1 n3
57. True; for the degree of a binomial to be zero, the
5
highest degree of both terms would need to be
1 2
n3
zero. The terms would be like terms. With these 4x3y2 2
(4x3y2 ) 2
like terms combined, the expression is not a 67. 3z
(3z) 2
binomial, but a monomial. Therefore, the degree 42 (x3 ) 2 (y2 ) 2
32z2
of a binomial can never be zero. Only a monomial
16x6y4
can have a degree of zero. 9z2
5 8
(y) m y5m8
68. y3m7
y3m7
1yy 2 1mm 2
5 8
3 7
(y53 ) (m8(7) )
y2m15
69. The graph represents a relation that is not a
70. The table represents a function since, for each
element in the domain, there is only one
corresponding element in the range.
377 Chapter 8
71. There are 26 black cards and 52 total cards. 3. 4x2 x

P(black)
26
or
1 5x 2
52 2
72. 3n 5n (3 5)n
8n
73. 9a 3a 2a2 9a2 2a2 3a
2
(9 2)a2 3a x 2 x 2 x x x
7a2 3a
74. The expression 12x2 8x 6 is simplified since
it has no like terms or parentheses.
x 2 x 2 x x x
75. 3a 5b 4a 7b (3a 4a) (5b 7b)
1 1
(3 4)a (5 7)b
a 2b
4x 2 6x 2
76. 4x 3y 6 7x 8 10y
(4x 7x) (3y 10y) (6 8)
(4 7)x (3 10)y 2
11x 7y 2 (4x2 x) (5x 2) 4x2 6x 2
4. 3x2 4x 2
remove x2 5x 5
(Preview of Lesson 8-5)
1. 5x2 3x 4 1 1
2x2 4x 1
x2 x x x x
1 1
x2 x2
1 1
x2 x x x x x x
x2 x2 1 1
1 1
x2 x2 x x x
1 1
x2 x x x x
1 1 1
x2 x x x x 1 1
2x 2 9x 7
7x 2 x 3 (3x2 4x 2) (x2 5x 5) 2x2 9x 7

5. x2 7x
(5x2 3x 4) (2x2 4x 1) 7x2 x 3 remove 2x2 3x
2. 2x2 5
3x2 2x 6
x 2 x x x
x2
x2 x2 x 2 x2
1 1
1 1 1 x x x x
x2 x2 x x 1 1 1
x 2 x2
1 1 1
5x 2 2x 11
3x 2 4x
(2x2 5) (3x2 2x 6) 5x2 2x 11
(x2 7x) (2x2 3x) 3x2 4x
Chapter 8 378
6. 8x 4
remove 6x2 x 3 8-5 Adding and Subtracting
Polynomials
1 1 Page 441 Check for Understanding

x2 x 2 x x 1. The powers of x and y are not the same.
1 1
2. Sample answer: 6x2 4x 7 and 4x2 3x 4
3. Kendra; Esteban added the additive inverses of
1 1
x2 x 2 both polynomials when he should have added the
x x opposite of the polynomial being subtracted.
1 1 4. (4p2 5p) (2p2 p)
[4p2 (2p2 ) ] (5p p)
x2 x 2 x x 2p2 6p
1 1 5. (5y2 3y 8) (4y2 9)
(5y2 4y2 ) (3y) [ 8 (9) ]
x2 x 2 x x 9y2 3y 1
6. (8cd 3d 4c) (6 2cd)
(8cd 2cd) (3d) 4c (6)
x2 x 2 10cd 3d 4c 6
7. (6a2 7a 9) (5a2 a 10)
(6a2 7a 9) (5a2 a 10)
x2 x 2 (6a2 5a2 ) [ 7a (a) ] (9 10)
11a2 6a 1
8. (g3 2g2 5g 6) (g2 2g)
(g3 2g2 5g 6) (g2 2g)
6x 2 7x 7 g3 [2g2 (g2 ) ] [ 5g (2g) ] 6
g3 3g2 3g 6
(8x 4) (6x2 x 3) 6x2 7x 7 9. (3ax2 5x 3a) (6a 8a2x 4x)
7. Method from Activity 2: (3ax2 5x 3a) (6a 8a2x 4x)
You need to add zero pairs so that you can remove 3ax2 [ 5x (4x) ] [ 3a (6a) ]
2 x tiles and 3 1 tiles. 8a2x
3ax2 9x 9a 8a2x
1 1 1 10. You can find a model for T by adding the
2
x x x x x polynomials for F and M.
1 1
T (1247n 126,971) (1252n 120,741)
(1247n 1252n) (126,971 120,741)
2
2499n 247,712
x x x x
11. The year 2010 is 2010 – 1990 or 20 years after
1990.
T 2499n 247,712
2x 2 5x 2 2499(20) 247,712
297,692
Method from Activity 3:
You remove all zero pairs to find the difference in If this trend continues, the population in 2010
simplest form. would be about 297,692 thousand or 297,692,000.
2 2
x x x x x
1
12. (6n 4) (2n2 9)
2
[6n2 (2n2 ) ] (4 9)

Opposite of 2x 3 x x 4n2 5
1 1 1 13. (9z 3z2 ) (4z 7z2 )
(9z 4z) [3z2 (7z2 ) ]
2x 2 5x 2 13z 10z2
14. (3 a2 2a) (a2 8a 5)
(a2 a2 ) [ 2a (8a) ] (3 5)
2a2 6a 8
379 Chapter 8
15. (3n2 8 2n) (5n 13 n2 ) 29. (9x3 3x 13) (6x2 5x)

(3n2 n2 ) (2n 5n) (8 13) (2x3 x2 8x 4)
2n2 7n 5 (9x3 3x 13) (6x2 5x)
16. (x 5) (2y 4x 2) (2x3 x2 8x 4)
(x 4x) 2y [5 (2) ] (9x3 2x3 ) [6x2 (x2 ) ]
5x 2y 3 [3x 5x (8x) ] (13 4)
17. (2b3 4b b2 ) (9b2 3b3 ) 11x3 7x2 9
(2b3 3b3 ) [b2 (9b2 ) ] (4b) 30. The measure of the third side is the perimeter
5b3 8b2 4b minus the measures of the other two sides.
18. (11 4d2 ) (3 6d2 ) (7x 3y) (x 2y) (2x 3y)
(11 4d2 ) (3 6d2 ) (7x 3y) (x 2y) (2x 3y)
(4d2 6d2 ) [11 (3) ] [7x (x) (2x) ] [ 3y 2y (3y) ]
4x 2y
10d2 8
The measure of the third side is 4x 2y.
19. (4g3 5g) (2g3 4g)
31. The measure of the third side is the perimeter
(4g3 5g) (2g3 4g)
minus the measures of the other two sides.
[4g3 (2g3 ) ] [5g (4g) ]
(10x2 5x 16) (4x3 3) (10x 7)
2g3 9g
(10x2 5x 16) (4x2 3) (10x 7)
20. (4y3 y 10) (4y3 3y2 7)
[10x2 (4x2 ) ] [ 5x (10x) ]
(4y3 y 10) (4y3 3y2 7)
[16 3 (7) ]
[4y3 (4y3 ) ] (3y2 ) (y) (10 7)
6x2 15x 12
8y3 3y2 y 17
The measure of the third side is 6x2 15x 12.
21. (4x 5xy 3y) (3y 6x 8xy)
32. You can find a model for D by subtracting the
(4x 5xy 3y) (3y 6x 8xy)
polynomial for I from the polynomial for T.
[4x (6x) ] [ 5xy (8xy) ]
[3y (3y) ] D (160.3n2 26n 24,226)
2x 3xy (161.6n2 20n 23,326)
22. (3x2 8x 4) (5x2 4) (160.3n2 26n 24,226)
(3x2 8x 4) (5x2 4) (161.6n2 20n 23,326)
[160.3n2 (161.6n2 ) ] (26n 20n)
[3x2 (5x2 ) ] 8x (4 4)
[24,226 (23,326) ]
2x2 8x 8
1.3n2 6n 900
23. (5ab2 3ab) (2ab2 4 8ab)
33. The year 2010 is 2010 1990 or 20 years after
(5ab2 3ab) (2ab2 4 8ab)
1990.
[5ab2 (2ab2 ) ] (3ab 8ab) (4)
D 1.3n2 6n 900
3ab2 11ab 4
1.3(20) 2 6(20) 900
24. (x 7x 4x2 2) (2x2 9x 4)
3
260
(x3 7x 4x2 2) (2x2 9x 4)
If this trend continues, there will be 260 outdoor
x3 [4x2 (2x2)] (7x 9x) [2 (4)] movie screens in 2010.
x3 2x2 2x 6 34. The result is always the original number with its
25. (5x2 3a2 5x) (2x2 5ax 7x) digits swapped.
(5x2 3a2 5x) (2x2 5ax 7x) 35. Original number 10x y; show that the new
[5x2 (2x2 ) ] [5x (7x) ] number will always be represented by 10y x.
5ax 3a2 new number 9(y x) (10x y)
3x2 12x 5ax 3a2 9y 9x 10x y
26. (3a 2b 7c) (6b 4a 9c) 10y x
(7c 3a 2b) 36. The length is 60 x x or 60 2x inches.
[3a (4a) (3a) ] [2b 6b (2b) ] 37. The width is 40 x x or 40 2x inches.
[7c 9c (7c) ] 38. Girth 2(width) 2(height)
4a 6b 5c 2(40 2x) 2(x)
27. (5x2 3) (x2 x 11) (2x2 5x 7) 80 4x 2x
(5x2 x2 2x2 ) [x (5x) ] 80 2x
(3 11 7) The girth is 80 2x inches.
8x2 6x 15
28. (3y2 8) (5y 9) ( y2 6y 4)
[3y2 8) (5y 9) (y2 6y 4)
[ 3y2 (y2 ) ] [ 5y (6y) ] (8 9 4)
2y2 y 5
Chapter 8 380
39. The sum of the length and the girth must not Page 443 Maintain Your Skills
exceed 108 inches. 47. The polynomial 15t3y2 has only one term, whose
(60 2x) (80 2x) 108 degree is 5. Thus, the degree of 15t3y2 is 5.
(60 80) [ (2x) (2x) ] 108 48. The polynomial 24 has only one term, whose
140 4x 108 degree is 0. Thus, the degree of 24 is 0.
140 4x 140 108 140 49. The polynomial m2 n3 has two terms, m2 and
4x 32 n3, whose degrees are 2 and 3, respectively. Thus,
4x 32
4
4
the degree of m2 n3 is 3, the greater of 2 and 3.
x8 50. The polynomial 4x2y3z 5x3z has two terms,
The least possible value of x is 8 inches. 4x2y3z and 5x3z, whose degrees are 6 and 4,
respectively. Thus, the degree of 4x2y3z 5x3z is
40. 19 inches; For integral values of x greater than
6, the greater of 6 and 4.
19, the width of the box, 40 2x, would be
negative or zero. 51. 8 106 8,000,000
41. The next integer greater than x is 1 greater, so 52. 2.9 105 290,000
x + 1. 53. 5 104 0.0005
42. The sum of two consecutive integers x and x 1 54. 4.8 107 0.00000048
is x (x 1) or 2x 1. When 2x 1 is divided by 55–56.
2x 1 2x 1 1 60
2; the quotient is 2 2 2 or x 2. 50
The quotient is not an integer, so 2x 1 is not 40
wpm
divisible by 2, and hence, not even. Thus, the sum 30
of two consecutive integers is odd. 20
10
43. 2, 3, and 4 are three consecutive integers whose
sum, 2 3 4 or 9, is not even. O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Let x, x 1, x 2, and x 3 be four consecutive Weeks
integers. Their sum is x (x 1) (x 2) 57. Sample answer: We use the points (4, 33) and
(x 3) or 4x 6. When 4x 6 is divided by 2, the (7, 45).
4x 6 4x 6
quotient is 2 2 2 or 2x 3, y2 y1
mx
which is an integer. Thus, 4x 6 is divisible by 2, 2
x1
so that the sum of four consecutive integers is 45 33
7 4
always even. 12
4 is the least number. 3
or 4
44. In order to find the sum of the video games sales Use the point-slope form.
and the traditional toy sales, you must add the y y1 m(x x1 )
two polynomial models V and R, which represent y 33 4(x 4)
each of these sales from 1996 to 1999. y 33 4x 16
• T 0.45t3 1.85t2 4.4t 22.6 y 33 33 4x 16 33
• If a person was looking to invest in a toy y 4x 17
company, they might want to look at the trend 58. y 4x 17
in toy sales over the last several years and try 4(12) 17
to predict toy sales for the future. 48 17
45. A; subtract the width from the perimeter twice. 65
(16a 2b) (5a b) (5a b) After 12 weeks, a student’s keyboarding speed
(16a 2b) (5a b) (5a b) should be about 65 wpm.
[16a (5a) (5a) ] (2b b b) 59. No; there is a limit to how fast one can keyboard.
6a 4b 60. The domain is {2, 0, 6}.
This is twice the length, so divide by 2. The range is {5, 2, 3}.
6a 4b 6a 4b
2
2
2
or 3a 2b 61. The domain is {4, 1, 5}.
The length is 3a 2b. The range is {2,3, 0, 1}.
46. D; (a2 2ab b2 ) (a2 3ab b2 ) 62. Let x represent the length.
1 8
(a2 2ab b2 ) (a2 3ab b2 ) 87
x
[a2 (a2 ) ] [ (2ab) 3ab] 1(x) 87(8)
[b2 (b2 ) ] x 696
ab The real locomotive is 692 inches or 58 feet long.
This expression is also equivalent to 36 – 22 or 63. 6(3x 8) 6(3x) 6(8)
14. Thus, ab 14. 18x 48
64. 2(b 9) 2(b) (2) (9)
2b 18
381 Chapter 8
65. 7(5p 4q) 7(5p) (7)(4q) 10. 2(w 1) w 7 4w

35p 28q 2(w) (2)(1) w 7 4w
66. 9(3a 5b c) 9(3a) 9(5b) 9(c) 2w 2 w 7 4w
27a 45b 9c w 2 7 4w
67. 8(x2 3x 4) 8(x2 ) 8(3x) 8(4) 3w 2 7
3w 9
8x2 24x 32
w3
68. 3(2a2 5a 7)
11. x(x 2) 3x x(x 4) 5
3(2a2 ) (3)(5a) (3)(7) x(x) x(2) 3x x(x) x(4) 5
6a2 15a 21 x2 2x 3x x2 4x 5
x2 x x2 4x 5
x 4x 5
8-6 Multiplying a Polynomial by a 3x 5
Monomial x3
5
12. Subtract x from 10,000 to find the amount in the

Page 446 Check for Understanding CD. The expression is 10,000 x.
1. Distributive Property; Product of Powers Property 13. The total is the sum of the original investment
2. The three monomials that make up the trinomial and the interest earned.
are similar to the three digits that make up the T 10,000 0.04x 0.07(10,000 x)
3-digit number. The single monomial is similar to T 10,000 0.04x 0.07(10,000) 0.07(x)
a 1-digit number. With each procedure you are T 10,000 0.04x 700 0.07x
performing multiplications. The difference is that T 10,700 0.03x
polynomial multiplication involves variables and 14. T 10,700 0.03x
the resulting product is often the sum of two or 10,700 0.03(3000)
more monomials while numerical multiplication 10,700 90
results in a single number. 10,610
3. Sample answer: 4x and x2 2x 3; If she puts $3000 in savings, she will have $10,610.
4x(x2 2x 3)
4x(x2 ) 4x(2x) 4x(3)
4x3 8x2 12x Pages 446–448 Practice and Apply
4. 3y(5y 2) 3y(5y) (3y)(2) 15. r(5r r2 ) r(5r) r(r2 )
15y2 (6y) 5r2 r3
15y2 6y 16. w(2w 9w2 ) w(2w3 ) w(9w2 )
3
2 3 2
5. 9b (2b 3b b 8) 2w4 9w3
9b2 (2b3 ) 9b2 (3b2 ) 9b2 (b) 9b2 (8) 17. 4x(8 3x) 4x(8) (4x) (3x)
18b5 27b4 9b3 72b2 32x 12x2
6. 2x(4a4 3ax 6x2 ) 18. 5y(2y 7y) 5y (2y2 ) 5y(7y)
2
2x(4a4 ) 2x(3ax) 2x(6x2 ) 10y3 35y2
8a4x 6ax2 12x3 19. 7ag (g 2ag) 7ag (g3 ) 7ag (2ag)
3
7. 4xy(5x2 12xy 7y2 ) 7ag4 14a2g2
4xy(5x2 ) (4xy)(12xy) (4xy)(7y2 ) 20. 3np(n 2p) 3np(n2 ) (3np) (2p)
2
20x3y (48x2y2 ) (28xy3 ) 3n3p (6np2 )
20x3y 48x2y2 28xy3 3n3p 6np2
8. t(5t 9) 2t t(5t) t(9) 2t 2 2
21. 2b (3b 4b 9)
5t2 9t 2t 2b2 (3b2 ) (2b2 ) (4b) (2b2 ) (9)
5t2 11t 6b4 (8b3 ) (18b2 )
9. 5n(4n 6n 2n 3) 4(n2 7n)
3 2
6b4 8b3 18b2
5n(4n3 ) 5n(6n2 ) 5n(2n) 5n(3) 22. 6x3 (5 3x 11x2 )
(4)(n2 ) (4)(7n) 6x3 (5) 6x3 (3x) 6x3 (11x2 )
20n4 30n3 10n2 15n (4n2 ) (28n) 30x3 18x4 66x5
20n4 30n3 [ (10n2 ) (4n2 ) ] 23. 8x2y(5x 2y2 3)
[15n (28n) ] 8x2y(5x) 8x2y(2y2 ) 8x2y(3)
20n4 30n3 (14n2 ) (13n) 40x3y 16x2y3 24x2y
20n4 30n3 14n2 13n 24. cd2 (3d 2c2d 4c)
cd2 (3d) (cd2 ) (2c2d) (cd2 ) (4c)
3cd3 (2c3d3 ) (4c2d2 )
3cd3 2c3d3 4c2d2
Chapter 8 382
3
25. 4 hk2 (20k2 5h 8) 35. 3c2 (2c 7) 4c(3c2 c 5) 2(c2 4)
3
1 3
2
4 hk2 (20k2 ) 4 hk2 (5h) 4 hk2 (8) 1 3
2 3c2 (2c) (3c2 ) (7) 4c(3c2 ) 4c(c)
1 2
4c(5) 2(c2 ) 2(4)
15
15hk4 4 h2k2 (6hk2 ) 6c3 (21c2 ) 12c3 4c2 20c 2c2 8
15 2 2 (6c3 12c3 ) (21c2 4c2 2c2 ) 20c 8
15hk4 4
h k 6hk2
6c3 23c2 20c 8
2
26. 3 a2b(6a3 4ab 9b2 ) 36. 4x2 (x 2) 3x(5x2 2x 6) 5(3x2 4x)
2 2 2 2 2
3
a b(6a3 ) 3 a2b(4ab) 3
a b(9b2 ) 4x2 (x) 4x2 (2) 3x(5x2 ) 3x(2x) 3x(6)

8
4a5b 3 a3b2 6a2b3 (5) (3x2 ) (5) (4x)
4x3 8x2 15x3 6x2 18x (15x2 )
27. 5a3b(2b 5ab b2 a3 ) (20x)
5a3b(2b) (5a3b)(5ab) (5a3b)(b2 ) (4x3 15x3 ) (8x2 6x2 15x2 )
(5a3b) (a3 ) (18x 20x)
10a3b2 (25a4b2 ) (5a3b3 ) (5a6b) 19x3 x2 2x
10a3b2 25a4b2 5a3b3 5a6b 37. area of shaded region area of large rectangle
28. 4p2q2 (2p2 q2 9p3 3q) area of small rectangle
4p2q2 (2p2 ) 4p2q2 (q2 ) 4p2q2 (9p3 ) 4p2q2 (3q) 4x(3x 2) 2x(3x)
8p4q2 4p2q4 36p5q2 12p2q3 4x(3x) 4x(2) 2x(3x)
29. d(2d 4) 15d d(2d) d(4) 15d 12x2 8x 6x2
2d2 4d 15d (12x2 6x2 ) 8x
2d2 (4d 15d) 6x2 8x
2d2 19d 38. area of shaded region area of large rectangle
30. x(4x2 2x) 5x3 x(4x2 ) (x)(2x) 5x3 area of small rectangle
5p(3p 4)6(2p 1)
4x3 (2x2 ) 5x3
5p(3p) 5p(4) (6) (2p) (6) (1)
4x3 2x2 5x3
15p2 20p (12p) (6)
(4x3 5x3 ) 2x2
15p2 (20p 12p) 6
9x3 2x2
2 15p2 8p 6
31. 3w(6w 4) 2(w 3w 5)
39. 2(4x 7) 5(2x 9) 5
3w(6w) 3w(4) 2(w2 ) 2(3w) 2(5)
2(4x) 2(7) 5(2x) 5(9) 5
18w2 12w 2w2 6w 10 8x 14 10x 45 5
(18w2 2w2 ) (12w 6w) 10 8x 14 10x 50
20w2 18w 10 18x 14 50
32. 5n(2n3 n2 8) n(4 n) 18x 36
5n(2n3 ) 5n(n2 ) 5n(8) n(4) n(n) x 2
10n4 5n3 40n 4n n2 40. 2(5a 12) 6(2a 3) 2
10n4 5n3 n2 (40n 4n) 2(5a) 2(12) 6(2a) (6) (3) 2
10n4 5n3 n2 44n 10a 24 12a (18) 2
33. 10(4m3 3m 2) 2m(3m2 7m 1) 10a 24 12a 18 2
10a 24 12a 20
10(4m3 ) 10(3m) 10(2) (2m)(3m2 )
22a 24 20
(2m)(7m) (2m)(1)
22a 44
40m3 30m 20 6m3 (14m2 ) a2
(2m)
41. 4(3p 9) 5 3(12p 5)
40m3 30m 20 6m3 14m2 2m 4(3p) 4(9) 5 3(12p) (3) (5)
(40m3 6m3 ) 14m2 (30m 2m) 20 12p 36 5 36p (15)
46m3 14m2 32m 20 12p 31 36p 15
34. 4y(y2 8y 6) 3(2y3 5y2 2) 48p 31 15
4y(y2 ) 4y(8y) 4y(6) (3)(2y3 ) 48p 16
16 1
(3)(5y2 ) (3)(2) p 48
or 3
4y3 32y2 24y (6y3 ) (15y2 ) (6) 42. 7(8w 3) 13 2(6w 7)
4y3 32y2 24y 6y3 15y2 6 7(8w) 7(3) 13 2(6w) 2(7)
(4y3 6y3 ) (32y2 15y2 ) 24y 6 56w 21 13 12w 14
2y3 17y2 24y 6 56w (8) 12w 14
44w 8 14
44w 22
22 1
w 44 or 2
383 Chapter 8
43. d(d 1) 4d d(d 8) 51. The increased length is 5x 12.

d(d) d(1) 4d d(d) d(8) Area 4x(5x 12)
d2 d 4d d2 8d 4x(5x) 4x(12)
d2 3d d2 8d 20x2 48x
3d 8d 52. Since 1 mile is at the $2.75 rate, m 1 miles are
11d 0 at the $1.25 rate for each taxi. So the cost for
d0 each taxi is 2.75(1) 1.25(m 1) or 2.75
44. c(c 3) c(c 4) 9c 16 1.25(m 1). Since there are t taxis, we multiply
c(c) c(3) (c)(c) (c) (4) 9c 16 the cost of each taxi by t.
c2 3c c2 4c 9c 16 t [ 2.75 1.25(m 1) ] t(2.75 1.25m 1.25)
(c2 c2 ) (3c 4c) 9c 16 t(1.50 1.25m)
7c 9c 16 1.50t 1.25mt
2c 16 The total cost to transport the group is
c8 1.50t 1.25mt dollars.
45. y(y 12) 8y 14 y(y 4) 53. The next odd integer is 2 greater than x, so x 2
y(y) y(12) 8y 14 y(y) y(4) is the next odd integer.
y2 12y 8y 14 y2 4y 54. x(x 2) x(x) x(2)
y2 4y 14 y2 4y x2 2x
4y 14 4y
55. Let x and y be integers. Then 2x and 2y are even
8y 14
numbers, and (2x)(2y) 4xy. 4xy is divisible by 2
14 7
y 8
or 4 since one of its factors, 4, is divisible by 2.
46. k(k 7) 10 2k k(k 6) Therefore 4xy is an even number.
k(k) k(7) 10 2k k(k) k(6) 56. 2x 1 or 2x 1
k2 7k 10 2k k2 6k 57. Let x and y be integers. Then 2x is an even
k2 7k 10 k2 8k number and 2y 1 is an odd number. Their
7k 10 8k product, 2x(2y 1), is always even since one of its
15k 10 0 factors is 2.
15k 10 58. Since a represents the number of apples, 10-a
10
k 15 or 3
2 represents the number of oranges.
T 0.25a 0.20(10 a)
47. 2n(n 4) 18 n(n 5) n(n 2) 7
T 0.25a 0.20(10) 0.20(a)
2n(n) 2n(4) 18 n(n) n(5) n(n) n(2) 7
T 0.25a 2 0.20a
2n2 8n 18 n2 5n n2 2n 7 T 2 0.05a
2n2 8n 18 2n2 3n 7
59. T 2 0.05a
8n 18 3n 7
2 0.05(4)
5n 18 7
2 0.20
5n 25
2.20
n 5
With 4 apples, the total cost is $2.20.
48. 3g(g 4) 2g(g 7) g(g 6) 28
3g(g) 3g(4) (2g)(g) (2g)(7) 60. T p 0.30p 0.01n(p 0.30p)
g(g) g(6) 28 T p 0.30p 0.01n(p) (0.01n)(0.30p)
T p 0.30p 0.01np 0.003np
3g2 12g 2g2 14g g2 6g 28
T 0.7p 0.007np
g2 2g g2 6g 28
61. Replace p with 200 and n with 10.
2g 6g 28
4g 28 T 0.7(200) 0.007(10)(200)
g7 140 14
126
49. Since x represents the amount put into a savings
account, 6000 x represents the amount used to buy The discounted cost is $126.
a certificate of deposit. The total amount is the sum 62. Distance apart at start
of the original investment and the interest earned. circumference of outer semicircle
T 6000 0.03x 0.06(6000 x) circumference of inner semicircle
T 6000 0.03x 0.06(6000) .06(x) 1 1
2 [2(x 2.5) ] 2 (2x)
T 6000 0.03x 360 0.06x
T 6360 0.03x or T 0.03x 6360 (x 2.5) x
50. T 6360 0.03x x 2.5 x
6315 6360 0.03x 2.5
45 0.03x The runners should be 2.5 or about 7.9 feet apart.
1500 x
6000 x 6000 1500 or 4500
Savings account: $1500; certificate of deposit: $4500
Chapter 8 384
63. Answers should include the following. 70. 4x2 10ab 6 4x2 (10ab) 6
• The product of a monomial and a polynomial This expression is the sum of three monomials.
can be modeled using an area model. The area Yes, it is a polynomial; it is a trinomial.
of the figure shown at the beginning of the 71. 4c ab c 3c ab
lesson is the product of its length 2x and width
(x 3). This product is 2x(x 3), which when
it is a polynomial; it is a binomial.
the Distributive Property is applied, becomes
7
2x(x) 2x(3) or 2x2 6x. This is the same 72. y
y2
result obtained when the areas of the algebra 7
The expression y is not a monomial. No, this is
tiles are added together.
not a polynomial.
• Sample answer: (3x)(2x 1) n2 1
(3x)(2x 1) (3x)(2x) (3x)(1) 73. 3
3 n2
6x2 3x This expression is a monomial. Yes, it is a
x x 1 polynomial.
74. Let n be the number.
2 2
6 10n 9n
x x x x 6 10n 10n 9n 10n
6 n
(1)6 (1)(n)
2 2
x x x x 6 n
75. Let n be the number.
2 2
x x x x 9n 4 7 13n
9n 4 13n 7 13n 13n
22n 4 7
22n 4 4 7 4
64. B; [ (3x2 2x 4) (x2 5x 2) ] (x 2)
22n 3
[3x2 2x 4 (x2 ) (5x) 2] (x 2) 22n 3
[2x2 7x 6](x 2) 22
22
3
2x2 (x 2) (7x)(x 2) 6(x 2) n 22
2x2 (x) 2x2 (2) (7x) (x) (7x)(2)
6(x) 6(2)
The solution set is n|n 22 . 5 3
6
2x3 4x2 7x2 14x 6x 12 76. Find the slope.
y2 y1
2x3 3x2 8x 12 mx x1
2
65. A; Let m represent the number of minutes over 4 (8)
30 minutes and T represent the total charges. 1 (3)
12
T 70 4m 4
or 3
122 70 4m Find the y-intercept.
52 4m
y mx b
13 m
8 3(3) b
The total time is 13 30 or 43 minutes. 8 9 b
1b
Page 449 Maintain Your Skills y mx b
66. (4x2 5x) (7x2 x) y 3x 1
[4x2 (7x2 ) ] (5x x) 77. Find the slope.
3x2 6x y2 y1
mx
67. (3y2 5y 6) (7y2 9) 2
x1
(3y2 5y 6) (7y2 9) 7 5
2 (4)
(3y2 7y2 ) 5y (6 9) 12
or 2
4y2 5y 3 6
68. (5b 7ab 8a) (5ab 4a) Find the y-intercept.

(5b 7ab 8a) (5ab 4a) y mx b
5b (7ab 5ab) (8a 4a) 5 2(4) b
5b 12ab 12a 58b
69. (6p3 3p2 7) (p3 6p2 2p) 3 b
(6p3 p3 ) (3p2 6p2 ) 2p 7 Write the slope-intercept form.
7p3 3p2 2p 7 y mx b
y 2x 3
385 Chapter 8
78. Find the slope. Page 449 Practice Quiz 2

y2 y1
mx 1. The polynomial 5x4 has only one term,
x1
2 whose degree is 4. Thus, the degree of the
2 (1)
3 3
polynomial is 4.

3
or 2
1 2. The polynomial 9n3p4 has only one term,
6
whose degree is 7. Thus, the degree of the
Find the y-intercept. polynomial is 7.
y mx b 3. The polynomial 7a2 2ab2 has two terms,
1
1 2 (3) b 7a2 and 2ab2, whose degrees are 2 and 3,
3 respectively. Thus, the degree of 7a2 2ab2 is 3,
1 2 b
the greater of 2 and 3.
1
2
b 4. The polynomial 6 8x2y2 5y3 has three
Write the slope-intercept form. terms, 6, 8x2y2, and 5y3, whose degrees are 0,
y mx b 4, and 3, respectively. Thus, the degree of
1 1 6 8x2y2 5y3 is 4, the greatest of 0, 4, and 3.
y 2 x 2
5. 4x2 9x 12 5x3 4x2 9x1 12x0 5x3
79. Let x be the amount of money Kristen had 5x3 4x2 9x 12
originally. 12 9x 4x2 5x3
1
gasoline: x 6. 2xy4 x3y5 5x5y 13x2
1x 15 x2 or 21 145 x2 or 25 x
5
haircut:
1 2x1y4 x3y5 5x5y 13x2
2
5x5y x3y5 13x2 2xy4
lunch: 7
2xy4 13x2 x3y5 5x5y
1 2
x 5 x 5 x 7 13 7. (7n2 4n 10) (3n2 8)
2
x 7 13 (7n2 3n2 ) 4n (10 8)
5
2 10n2 4n 2
x 20
1 2 52 (20)
5 8. (3g3 5g) (2g3 5g2 3g 1)
5 2
2 5
x (3g3 5g) (2g3 5g2 3g 1)
x 50 [3g3 (2g3 ) ] (5g2 ) (5g 3g) 1
Kristen originally had $50. g3 5g2 2g 1
80. Stem Leaf 9. 5a2 (3a3b 2a2b2 6ab3 )
3 0 2 3 5a2 (3a3b) 5a2 (2a2b2 ) 5a2 (6ab3 )
15a5b 10a4b2 30a3b3
4 5 7 7 8 9
10. 7x2y(5x2 3xy y)
5 1 3 5 6 7
7x2y(5x2 ) 7x2y(3xy) 7x2y(y)
6 2 8 6|2 62
35x4y 21x3y2 7x2y2
81. Stem Leaf
1 0 4 5 8 8 8
2 0 0 1 1 2 Page 451 Algebra Activity
3 0 4 (Preview of Lesson 8-7)
4 3 4 3|4 34 1.
82. (a)(a) a2
83. 2x(3x2 ) (2 3)(x x2 ) x2
6x3 x 1 1
84. 3y (8y2 ) (3 8) (y2 y2 )

2
24y4 x x2 x x
85. 4y(3y) 4y(6) (4 3)(y y) (4 6)y x3 1 x 1 1
12y2 24y
1 x 1 1
86. 5n(2n2 ) (5n) (8n) (5n)(4) 1 x 1 1
(5 2)(n n2 ) (5 8)(n n) (5 4)n
10n3 40n2 20n
87. 3p2 (6p2 ) 3p2 (8p) 3p2 (12)
(3 6)(p2 p2 ) (3 8)(p2 p) (3 12)p2
18p4 24p3 36p2 (x 2)(x 3) x2 5x 6
Chapter 8 386
2. 5.
x2
x1 x 1 1
x 1
x x2 x x
x x2 x
x 3 1 2x 3
x x2 x x
x 1
1 x 1 1 x 1 1
1 x 1 1 x 1 1
1 x 1 1
(x 1)(x 3) x2 4x 3 (x 2)(2x 3) 2x2 7x 6

3. 6.
x3
x 1 1 1
x1
x 1 x x2 x x x
x x2 x x x2 x x x
x2 2x 4
1 x 1
1 x 1 1 1
1 x 1
1 x 1 1 1
1 x 1 1 1
1 x 1 1 1
(x 1)(x 2) x2 x 2 (x 3)(2x 4) 2x2 2x 12

4. 7. By the Distributive Property,
(x 3)(x 4) x(x 4) 3(x 4). The top row
x1 represents x(x 4) or x2 4x. The bottom row
x 1 represents 3(x 4) or 3x 12.
x x2 x
8-7 Polynomials
2x 1
x x2 x
1 x 1
1. x3
2
x x x x
(x 1) (2x 1) 2x2 3x 1
2x 1
2
x x x x
x 1 1 1
2a. (3x 4)(2x 5)

3x(2x 5) 4(2x 5)
6x2 15x 8x 20
6x2 7x 20
2b. (3x 4)(2x 5)
3x(2x) 3x(5) 4(2x) 4(5)
6x2 15x 8x 20
6x2 7x 20
387 Chapter 8
2c. 3x 4 8. (9p 1) (3p 2)
()2x 5 (9p) (3p) (9p) (2) (1) (3p) (1) (2)
15x 20 27p2 18p 3p 2
6x2 8x 27p2 21p 2
6x2 7x 20 9. (2g 7)(5g 8)

(2g)(5g) (2g)(8) (7)(5g) (7)(8)
2d.
10g2 16g 35g 56
3x 4
10g2 19g 56
10. (3b 2c)(6b 5c)
x
2
x
2
x
2
x x x x (3b)(6b) (3b)(5c) (2c) (6b) (2c)(5c)
18b2 15bc 12bc 10c2
18b2 3bc 10c2
x
2
x
2
x
2
x x x x 11. (3k 5) (2k2 4k 3)
2x 5 3k(2k2 4k 3) 5(2k2 4k 3)
x x x 1 1 1 1 6k3 12k2 9k 10k2 20k 15
x x x 1 1 1 1 6k3 2k2 29k 15
x x x 1 1 1 1 1
12. A 2 bh
x x x 1 1 1 1 1
2 (2x 3)(3x 1)
x x x 1 1 1 1
1
2 [ (2x)(3x) (2x)(1) 3(3x) 3(1) ]
1
2 [6x2 2x 9x 3) ]
1
2 [6x2 7x 3]
x x
2 2 2 6x2 7x 3 7 3
x x x x x 2
or 3x2 2 x 2
x x
x x
2 2 2
x x x x x Pages 455–457 Practice and Apply
x x 13. (b 8)(b 2)
x x (b)(b) (b)(2) (8) (b) (8)(2)
x 1 1 1 1
x x b2 2b 8b 16
x 1 1 1 1
b2 10b 16
x 1 1 1 1
x 1 1 1 1 14. (n 6)(n 7)
(n)(n) (n)(7) (6)(n) (6) (7)
x 1 1 1 1
n2 7n 6n 42
x
n2 13n 42
x
15. (x 4)(x 9)
3. See students’ work. (x)(x) (x)(9) (4)(x) (4)(9)
4. ( y 4) ( y 3) x2 9x 4x 36
( y) ( y) ( y)(3) (4)( y) (4)(3) x2 13x 36
y2 3y 4y 12 16. (a 3)(a 5)
y2 7y 12 (a)(a) (a)(5) (3)(a) (3)(5)
5. (x 2) (x 6) a2 5a 3a 15
(x) (x) (x)(6) (2)(x) (2)(6) a2 8a 15
x2 6x 2x 12 17. (y 4)(y 8)
x2 4x 12 (y)(y) (y)(8) (4)(y) (4)(8)
6. (a 8) (a 5) y2 8y 4y 32
(a) (a) (a)(5) (8)(a) (8)(5) y2 4y 32
a2 5a 8a 40 18. (p 2)(p 10)
a2 3a 40 (p)(p) (p)(10) (2)(p) (2)(10)
7. (4h 5) (h 7) p2 10p 2p 20
(4h) (h) (4h)(7) (5)(h) 5(7) p2 8p 20
4h2 28h 5h 35 19. (2w 5)(w 7)
4h2 33h 35 (2w)(w) (2w)(7) (5)(w) (5)(7)
2w2 14w 5w 35
2w2 9w 35
Chapter 8 388
20. (k 12) (3k 2) 33. (2x 5)(3x2 4x 1)
(k)(3k) (k)(2) (12)(3k) (12)(2) 2x(3x2 4x 1) 5(3x2 4x 1)
3k2 2k 36k 24 6x3 8x2 2x 15x2 20x 5
3k2 34k 24 6x3 23x2 22x 5
21. (8d 3) (5d 2) 34. (3k 4) (7k2 2k 9)
(8d)(5d) (8d)(2) (3)(5d) (3)(2) 3k(7k2 2k 9) 4(7k2 2k 9)
40d2 16d 15d 6 21k3 6k2 27k 28k2 8k 36
40d2 31d 6 21k3 34k2 19k 36
22. (4g 3) (9g 6) 35. 1n2 3n 221n2 5n 42
(4g)(9g) (4g)(6) (3)(9g) (3)(6) n2 (n2 5n 4) 3n(n2 5n 4)
36g2 24g 27g 18 21n2 5n 42
36g2 51g 18 n4 5n3 4n2 3n3 15n2 12n 2n2
23. (7x 4) (5x 1) 10n 8
(7x)(5x) (7x)(1) (4)(5x) (4)(1) n4 2n3 17n2 22n 8
35x2 7x 20x 4 36. (y2 7y 1)(y2 6y 5)
35x2 27x 4 y2 (y2 6y 5) 7y(y2 6y 5)
24. (6a 5)(3a 8) 1(y2 6y 5)
(6a)(3a) (6a)(8) (5) (3a) (5)(8) y4 6y3 5y2 7y3 42y2 35y y2
18a2 48a 15a 40 6y 5
18a2 63a 40 y4 y3 38y2 41y 5
25. (2n 3)(2n 3) 37. (4a2 3a 7) (2a2 a 8)
(2n)(2n) (2n)(3) (3)(2n) (3)(3) 4a2 (2a2 a 8) 3a(2a2 a 8)
4n2 6n 6n 9 7(2a2 a 8)
4n2 12n 9 8a4 4a3 32a2 6a3 3a2
26. (5m 6) (5m 6) 24a 14a2 7a 56
(5m) (5m) (5m) (6) (6) (5m) (6) (6) 8a4 2a3 15a2 31a 56
25m2 30m 30m 3b
38. 16x2 5x 2213x2 2x 42
25m2 60m 36
6x2 (3x2 2x 4) 5x(3x2 2x 4)
27. (10r 4) (10r 4)
2(3x2 2x 4)
(10r)(10r) (10r)(4) (4)(10r) (4)(4)
18x4 12x3 24x2 15x3 10x2 20x
100r2 40r 40r 16
6x2 4x 8
100r2 16
18x4 3x3 20x2 16x 8
28. (7t 5) (7t 5)
39. A /w
1x 4212x 52
(7t)(7t) (7t)(5) (5) (7t) (5)(5)
49t2 35t 35t 25 1x212x2 1x2152 412x2 4152
49t2 25 2x2 5x 8x 20
29. (8x 2y)(5x 4y) 2x2 3x 20
(8x)(5x) (8x)(4y) (2y)(5x) (2y)(4y)
The area is 2x2 3x 20 square units.
40x2 32xy 10xy 8y2 1
40x2 22xy 8y2 40. A 2bh
2 14x 3213x 22
1
30. (11a 6b) (2a 3b)
2 3 14x213x2 14x2122 13213x2 132122 4
(11a) (2a) (11a) (3b) (6b) (2a) (6b) (3b) 1
22a2 33ab 12ab 18b2
2 312x2 8x 9x 64
1
22a2 21ab 18b2
31. ( p 4)( p2 2p 7) 1
2 [12x2 17x 6]
p( p2 2p 7) 4(p2 2p 7) 17
6x2 x 3
p3 2p2 7p 4p2 8p 28 2
17
p3 6p2 p 28 The area is 6x2 2
x 3 square units.
2
32. (a 3)(a 8a 5)
a(a2 8a 5) 3(a2 8a 5)
a3 8a2 5a 3a2 24a 15
a311a2 29a 15
389 Chapter 8
1
41. A 2h(b1 b2 ) 50. A /w
(x 2)(x 4)
1x21x2 1x2142 1221x2 122142
1
2 (5x 8) [ (x 7) (2x 1) ]
1
2 (5x 8) (3x 6) x2 4x 2x 8
x2 2x 8
2 3 15x213x2 15x2162 182 13x2 182 162 4
1
The area of the office is x2 2x 8 square feet.
2 3 15x2 30x 24x 484
1
51. Find the area of the square office.
2 3 15x2 6x 484 A s2
1
15 2 92 or 81
2
x 3x 24
Find the area of the new office.
15 2
The area is 2
x 3x 24 square units. A x2 2x 8
42. A r 2 (9) 2 2(9) 8
13x 42 2 81 18 8
13x 42 13x 42 91
3 13x2 13x2 13x2 142 14213x2 142 142 4 The area of the new office is 91 81 or 10 square
39x2 12x 12x 16 4 feet bigger.
19x2 24x 162 52a. Sample answer:
The area is (9x2 24x 16) square units. (30 5)(10 9)
43. V Bh 13021102 30192 51102 5192
3 12a 22 1a 52 4 1a 12 300 270 50 45
3 12a21a2 12a2152 1221a2 122152 4 1a 12 665
32a2 10a 2a 104 1a 12 52b. Sample answer:
12a2 8a 1021a 12 (60 7)(100 2)
a12a2 8a 102 112a2 8a 102 6011002 60122 711002 7122
2a3 8a2 10a 2a2 8a 10 6000 120 700 14
2a3 10a2 2a 10 6834
52c. Sample answer:
18 12 216 34 2
The volume is 2a3 10a2 2a 10 cubic units.
44. V Bh
8(6) 8 1 4 2 2 (6) 2 1 4 2
3 13y2 13y212y2 162 4 17y 32 3 1 1 3
19y2 12y217y 32
19y2 2 17y2 19y2 2132 112y2 17y2 112y2132
3
48 6 3 8
63y3 27y2 84y2 36y 578
3
63y3 57y2 36y
52d. Sample answer:
112 35 2110 23 2
The volume is 63y3 57y2 36y cubic units.
45. Since a is the first integer, the second and third
integers are a 1 and a 2.
a(a 1) (a 2)
121102 12 123 2 35 1102 35 123 2
2
a [ (a) (a) (a)(2) (1) (a) (1) (2) ] 120 8 6 5
a [ a2 2a a 2] 1345
2
a [a2 3a 2]
53. Outer length: w 10 outer width: w 6
a3 3a2 2a
Area of concrete
46. Sample answer: a 1; 1(2)(3) 6 total area area of pool.
47. Sample answer: 6; the result is the same as the (w 10)(w 6) w(w 4)
product in Exercise 46. 1w21w2 1w2162 11021w2 1102162
a3 3a2 2a 13 3(1) 2 2(1) w(w) w(4)
132 w2 6w 10w 60 w2 4w
6 12w 60
48. A /w The area of the concrete is 300 square feet. Find w.
(5y 6) (2y 10) 12w 60 300
(5y) (2y) (5y)(10) (6)(2y) (6)(10) 12w 240
10y2 50y 12y 60 w 20
10y2 38y 60 The pool should be 20 ft by 24 ft.
The area is 10y2 38y 60 square feet. 54. Sometimes; the product of x 1 and x2 2x 3
49. Let x represent the length of a side of the square is x3 3x2 5x 3, which has 4 terms; the
office. Then the new office has dimensions x 2 product of y 1 and x3 2x2 3x is x3y 2x2y
and x 4. 3xy x3 2x2 3x, which has 6 terms.
Chapter 8 390
55. Multiplying binomials and two-digit numbers each 66. f(x) 2x 5
involve the use of the Distributive Property twice. f(4) 2(4) 5
Each procedure involves four multiplications and 8 5
the addition of like terms. Answers should include 13
the following. 67. g1x2 x2 3x
• 24 36 (4 20) (6 30) g122 7 3 122 2 3122 4 7
(4 20)6 (4 20)30 14 62 7
(24 120) (120 600) 5
144 720 68. f(x) 2x 5 69. at
v
864 f(a 3) 2(a 3) 5 v
(t)a (t) t
• The like terms in vertical two-digit 2a 6 5
multiplication are digits with the same place 2a 1 at v
value. at v
a
a
56. C; (x 2)(x 4) (x 4)(x 2) v
ta
[ (x) (x) (x) (4) (2) (x) (2) (4) ] [ (x) (x)
(x) (2) (4) (x) (4)(2) ] 70. ax by 2cz
[x2 4x 2x 8][x2 2x 4x 8] ax by ax 2cz ax
[ x2 2x 8][x2 2x 8 ] by 2cz ax
by 2cz ax
[x2 2x 8] [x2 2x 8]
b b
4x 2cz ax
y b
57. B; (x y)(x2 xy y2 )
ax 2cz
x(x2 xy y2 ) y(x2 xy y2 ) y b
x3 x2y xy2 x2y xy2 y3 71. 4x 3y 7
x3 y3 4x 3y 4x 7 4x
3y 4x 7
3y 4x 7
3
3
Page 457 Maintain Your Skills 4 7
y x 3
58. 3d(4d2 8d 15) 3
(3d)(4d2 ) (3d)(8d) (3d)(15) 72. (6a) 2 62 a2 73. (7x) 2 72 x2

2
12d3 24d2 45d 36a 49x2
59. 4y(7y2 4y 3) 74. (9b) 2 92 b2 75. (4y2 ) 2 42 (y2 ) 2
(4y)(7y2 ) (4y)(4y) (4y)(3) 81b2 16y4
28y3 16y2 12y 76. 12v3 2 2 22 1v3 2 2 77. 13g4 2 2 32 1g4 2 2
60. 2m 2 (5m2 7m 8) 4v6 9g8
(2m2 )(5m2 ) (2m2 )(7m) (2m2 )(8)
10m4 14m3 16m2
61. 3x(2x 4) 6(5x2 2x 7) 8-8 Special Products
6x2 12x 30x2 12x 42
36x2 42
62. 4a(5a2 2a 7) 3(2a2 6a 9) Page 461 Check for Understanding
20a3 8a2 28a 6a2 18a 27 1. The patterns are the same except for their middle
20a3 2a2 10a 27 terms. The middle terms have different signs.
63. The measure of the third angle is 180º minus the 2. The square of a difference is (a b)2, which
measures of the other two angles. equals a2 2ab b2. The difference of squares is
the product of a b and a b or a2 b2.
180 (2x 1) (5x 2)
180 (2x 1) (5x 2) 3. x3
181 7x
The measure of the third angle is (181 7x)º. 2
x x x x
64. 1st angle 2x 1
2(15) 1 or 31 x3
x 1 1 1
2nd angle 5x 2
x 1 1 1
5(15) 2 or 73
x 1 1 1
3rd angle 181 7x
181 7(15) or 76
The angles measure 31º, 73º, and 76º. 4. Sample answer: x 1 and x 1
65. The lines intersect at the point (6, 3). Thus, the (x 1)(x 1) x2 12
system has one solution, (6, 3). x2 1
391 Chapter 8
5. 1a 62 2 a2 21a2 162 62 27. (2x 9y) 2 (2x) 2 2(2x)(9y) (9y) 2
a2 12a 36 4x2 36xy 81y2
6. 14n 3214n 32 14n 32 2 28. 13n 10p2 13n2 2 213n2110p2 110p2 2
2
(4n) 2 2(4n)(3) 32 9n2 60np 100p2

16n2 24n 9 29. 15w 14215w 142 15w2 2 142
7. (8x 5) (8x 5) (8x) 2 52 25w2 196
64x2 25 30. (4d 13)(4d 13) (4d) 2 132
8. (3a 7b) (3a 7b) (3a) 2 (7b) 2 16d2 169
9a2 49b2 31. 1x 4y2 1x 2 21x3 214y2 14y2 2
3 2 3 2
9. (x 6y) (x ) 2(x2 )(6y) (6y) 2

2 2 2 2
x6 8x3y 16y2
x4 12x2y 36y2 32. 13a b 2 13a2 2 2 213a2 21b2 2 1b2 2 2
2 2 2
10. (9 p) 2 92 2(9)(p) p2 9a4 6a2b2 b4

81 18p p2 33. 18a 9b 218a2 9b3 2 18a2 2 2 19b3 2 2
2 3
11. The genetic makeup of the purebred golden can 64a4 81b6
be modeled by 1.0 G. The genetic makeup of the 34. (5x y)(5x y) (5x4 ) 2 y2
4 4
purebred cinnamon can be modeled by 1.0 g. 25x8 y2
123x 622 123x22 2123x2 162 62

Their offspring can be modeled by the product of
1.0 G and 1.0 g or 1.0 Gg. 35.
4
12. 0%; All pups will be golden since only Gg 9x2 8x 36
145x 1022 145x22 2145x2 1102 102

combinations are possible and the golden gene G
is dominant. 36.
16
25x2 16x 100
37. (2n 1)(2n 1)(n 5)
Page 462 Practice and Apply [ (2n) 2 12 ] (n 5)
13. 1y 42 2 y2 21y2142 42 (4n2 1)(n 5)
y2 8y 16 (4n2 ) (n) (4n2 )(5) (1) (n) (1)(5)
14. 1k 821k 82 1k 82 2 4n3 20n2 n 5
k2 21k2 182 82 38. ( p 3)( p 4)( p 3)( p 4)
k2 16k 64 [ ( p 3)( p 3) ] [ ( p 4) ( p 4) ]
15. 1a 52 1a 52 1a 52 2 [p2 32 ] [p2 42 ]
a2 21a2 152 52 [p2 9] [ p2 16]
a2 10a 25 (p2 )(p2 ) (p2 )(16) (9)(p2 ) (9) (16)
16. 1n 122 n 21n2 1122 122
2 2
p4 16p2 9p2 144
n2 24n 144 p4 25p2 144
17. 1b 721b 72 b2 72 39. Since Pam’s genes are Bb, her makeup can be
b2 49 modeled by 0.5 B 0.5 b. Since Bob has blue
18. (c 2) (c 2) c2 22 eyes, his genes are bb and can be modeled by
c2 4 1.0 b. Their children’s genes can be modeled by
19. 12g 52 12g2 2 212g2152 52
2 the product of 0.5 B 0.5 b and 1.0 b.
(0.5 B 0.5 b) (1.0 b) (0.5 B) (1.0 b) (0.5 b) (1.0 b)
4g2 20g 25
0.5 Bb 0.5 bb
20. 19x 32 2 19x2 2 219x2 132 32
40. Since only bb will be blue eyes, we see that 0.5 or
81x2 54x 9 1
of their children should have blue eyes. The
21. 17 4y2 2 72 2172 14y2 14y2 2
2
1
probability is 2.
49 56y 16y2 41. Sample answer:
22. 14 6h2 2 42 214216h2 16h2 2 We pick 2.
16 48h 36h2
Square the number: 22 4
23. (11r 8) (11r 8) (11r) 2 (8) 2
Add twice the original: 4 2(2) 8
121r2 64
Add 1: 8 1 9
24. (12p 3) (12p 3) (12p) 2 32
Take square root: 19 3
144p2 9
Subtract original number: 3 2 1
25. 1a 5b2 2 a2 21a2 15b2 15b2 2
Yes, the result is 1.
a2 10ab 25b2
42. Square the number: a2
26. 1m 7n2 m2 21m2 17n2 17n2 2
2
Add twice the original: a2 2a
m2 14mn 49n2
Add 1: a2 2a 1
Chapter 8 392
43. (a 1) 2 a2 2(a)(1) 12 • Sample answer: (10x 11)(10x 11)
a2 2a 1 (10x 11)(10x 11)
Thus, a 2 2a 1 is the square of a 1. (10x 11) 2
(10x) 2 2(10x) (11) 112
44. Take square root: 21a 12 2 a 1
100x2 220x 121
Subtract original number: (a 1) a 1
49. C; (a b) 2 a2 2ab b2
The result is 1.
(a2 b2 ) 2(ab)
45. Since each seating level is about 1 meter wide, 40 2(12)
the second and third levels have radii s 2 and 40 24
s 3 meters, respectively. 16
46. A (s 3) 2 (s 2) 2 50. B; Since (x y)(x y) x2 y2, we have
1s2 2132 1s2 32 2 1s2 21221s2 22 2
x2 y2 (x y)(x y)
(s2 6s 9) (s2 4s 4) (10)(20)
1s2 6s 9 s2 4s 42 200.
12s 52 51a. (a b)(a b) (a b)
6.3s 15.7 (a b)(a2 2ab b2 ) b(a2 2ab b2 )
The area is about 6.3s 15.7 square meters. a(a2 2ab b2 ) b(a2 2ab2 b2 )
1
47. Area of a trapezoid 2 (height) (base 1 base 2) a3 2a2b ab2 ba2 2ab2 b3
1a b2 1a b2 a3 3a2b 3ab2 b3
1
A1 2
51b. (a b) 3 a3 3a2b 3ab2 b3
1a b2 1a b2
1
A2 2 (x 2) 3 x3 3x2 (2) 3x(2) 2 23
a x3 6x2 12x 8
51c.
a–b
a a
b
b b
b
a–b a b
a
3 12 1a b2 1a b2 4 3 12 1a b21a b2 4
Total area of shaded region

1a b2 1a b2 Page 463 Maintain Your Skills
52. 1x 221x 72 1x21x2 1x2172 1221x2 122172
ab
a b x2 7x 2x 14
x2 9x 14
53. 1c 921c 32 1c21c2 1c2132 1921c2 192132
ab ab c2 3c 9c 27
c2 6c 27
54. (4y 1)(5y 6)
b a (4y)(5y) (4y)(6) (1)(5y) (1) (6)
ab 20y2 24y 5y 6
Area of rectangle (a b)(a b) 20y2 29y 6
a 55. (3n 5)(8n 5)
3n(8n) 3n(5) (5)(8n) (5) (5)
A1 24n2 15n 40n 25
a–b
a 24n2 25n 25
b A2 56. (x 2)(3x2 5x 4)
b
x(3x2 5x 4) 2(3x2 5x 4)
a–b 3x3 5x2 4x 6x2 10x 8
48. The product of two binomials is also a binomial 3x3 11x2 14x 8
when the two binomials are the sum and the 57. (2k 5) (2k2 8k 7)
difference of the same two terms. Answers should 2k(2k2 8k 7) 5(2k2 8k 7)
4k3 16k2 14k 10k2 40k 35
• Sample answer: 12x 132 12x 132
4k3 6k2 26k 35
12x 13212x 132 12x2 2 132
4x2 169
393 Chapter 8
58. 6(x 2) 4 5(3x 4) Find y.
6x 12 4 15x 20 2x 3y 4
6x 16 15x 20 2152 3y 4
9x 16 20 10 3y 4
9x 36 3y 6
x4 y 2
59. 3(3a 8) 2a 4(2a 1) The solution is (5, 2).
9a 24 2a 8a 4 65. Solve for y.
7a 24 8a 4
5x 5y 35
15a 24 4
5y 5x 35
15a 20
20 4 y x 7
a 15 or 3
The slope of the given line is 1. The slope of any
60. p( p 2) 3p p( p 3) line perpendicular to it is 1.
p2 2p 3p p2 3p y y1 m1x x1 2
p2 5p p2 3p y 2 11x 1322
5p 3p y2x3
8p 0 yx5
p0
66. Solve for y.
61. y(y 4) 2y y(y 12) 7
2x 5y 3
y2 4y 2y y2 12y 7
5y 2x 3
y2 2y y2 12y 7 2 3
2y 12y 7 y 5x 5
14y 7 2
The slope of the given line is 5. The slope of any
7 1 5
y 14
or 2 line perpendicular to it is 2.
62. Add the equations. y y1 m1x x1 2
5
3
x
1
y 5 y 7 2 (x (2))
4 5
5
3
x
1
y 5 y 7 2 (x 2)
4 5
5
6
x 0 y 7 2 x 5
4
5
x0 y 2 x 2
Find y. 67. Solve for y.
3
x
1
y 5 5x y 2
4 5
y 5x 2
102
3 1
y 5
4 5 The slope of the given line is 5. The slope of any
1 1
5
y 5 line perpendicular to it is 5. The y-intercept is 6.
y 25 y mx b
1
The solution is (0, 25). y 5x 6
63. Multiply the first equation by 3. Then add. 68. a a 1n 12d
n 1
6x 3y 30 a18 3 118 12142
5x 3y 3
3 17142
11x 33 3 68
x3 71
Find y. 69. a a (n 1)d
a 5 112 12162
n 1
2x y 10
5 1112162
12
2132 y 10
6 y 10
5 66
y 4
61
y 4
70. b
64. Rewrite the equations.
2x 3y 4
x 3y 11
Multiply the second equation by 1. Then add.
2x 3y 4
x 3y 11
3x 15
x5
Chapter 8 394
16a3b2x4y
116
48 21 a 21 b 21 x 21 y 2
3 2 4
Chapter 8 Study Guide and Review 25. 48a4bxy3

a b x
4
y
3
1a 21b21 21x41 21y13 2

1 34

Page 464 Vocabulary and Concept Check 3
1 1 1 3 2
1. negative exponent 2. Power of a Power a b x y
1 21 21 21 2
3
3. Quotient of Powers 4. monomial 1 1 b x3 1
3 a 1 1 y2
5. trinomial 6. zero exponent
bx3
7. polynomial 8. FOIL method 3ay2
5 8
9. binomial 10. Product of Powers (a) b a5b8
26.
1 21 2
a5b2 a5b2
a5 b8
a5 b2
Pages 464–468 Lesson-by-Lesson Review (a55 )(b82 )
3 3
11. y y y y 331 (a0 )(b6 )
y7 (1) (b6 )
12. (3ab) (4a2b3 ) [ 3 (4) ] (a a2 )(b b3 ) b6
12a3b4 (4a1 ) 2 42 (a1 ) 2
27. (2a4 ) 2
22 (a4 ) 2
13. (4a x)(5a x ) [ (4) (5) ] (a2 a3 )(x x4 )
2 3 4
42a2
20a5x5
144 21aa 2
4a8
2 2
14. (4a b) 4 (a ) b3
2 3 3 2 3
6
64a6b3
(4 21 )(a28 )
15. 13xy2 14x2 3 132 2x2y2 142 3x 3
2
4 3a 6
141 21a1 2
9 x2 y2 64 x3

(9 64) (x2 x3 )(y2 ) 3 6
1
576x5y2
135x5xy y 20 1
64a6
16. 12c d2 13c2 2 3 122 4 1c2 2 4d4 132 3 1c2 2 3
2 4 2
29. 2.4 105 240,000
16c8d4 1272c6
28. 2 6
[16 (27) ] (c8 c6 )(d4 ) 30. 3.14 10 4 0.000314

432c14d4 31. 4.88 109 4,880,000,000
17. 2 1m2n4 2 2 2 1m2 2 2 1n4 2 2 0.00000187 1.87 10 6
1 1 32.
1 33. 796 103 7.96 102 103
2m4n8 7.96 105
18. 15a2 2 3 71a6 2 152 3 1a2 2 3 7a6 34. 0.0343 102 3.43 102 102
125a6 7a6 3.43 10 4
132a6 35. 12 10 213 106 2 12 321105 106 2
5
19. 3 13 2 4 33 4
2 2 3 4 3
6 1011
312 or 531,441 or 600,000,000,000
13y2 0
13bc
4d 2 18.4
1.4 21 10 2
2 3 2 3
1 (3bc ) 8.4 106 6
20. 6a 21. 36.
10
6a (4d) 3 1.4 109 9

(3) 3b3 (c2 ) 3 6 10 6192
(4) 3 (d) 3
6 103
27b3c6
or 6000
1 21 2
64d3
z3
22. x 2y0z3 x2 1 1
1
23.
27b2

27 b 2 37. (3 102 )(5.6 10 8 ) (3 5.6)(102 10 8 )
14b3 14 b3
16.8 10 6
1b 2
z3 27 2132
x2
14 1.68 10 10 6
14 1b2
27 1.68 10 5
or 0.0000168
27b
14 38. The polynomial n 2p2 has two terms, n and
(3a3bc2 ) 2 32 (a3 ) 2b2 (c2 ) 2 2p2, whose degrees are 1 and 2, respectively.
24.
18a2b3c4 18a2b3c4 Thus, the degree of n 2p2 is 2, the greater of
9a6b2c4
1 and 2.
1 21 21 21 2
18a2b3c4
9 a6 b2 c4 39. The polynomial 29n2 17n2t2 has two terms,
18 a2 b3 c4 29n2 and 17n2t2, whose degrees are 2 and 4,
1
2
(a62 )(b23 )(c44 ) respectively. Thus, the degree of 29n2 17n2t2 is
1 4 1 0 4, the greater of 2 and 4.
a b c
1 21 2
2
1 a4 1
2 1 b
(1)
a4
2b
395 Chapter 8
40. The polynomial 4xy 9x3z2 17rs3 has three 55. 2x (x y2 5) 5y2 (3x 2)
terms, 4xy, 9x3z2, and 17rs3, whose degrees are 2, 2x(x) 2x(y2 ) 2x(5) 5y2 (3x)
5, and 4, respectively. Thus, the degree of 5y2 (2)
4xy 9x3z2 17rs3 is 5, the greatest of 2, 5, and 4. 2x2 2xy2 10x 15xy2 10y2
41. The polynomial 6x5y 2y4 4 8y2 has four 2x2 17xy2 10x 10y2
terms, 6x5y, 2y4, 4, and 8y2, whose degrees
56. m(2m 5) m 2m(m 6) 16
are 6, 4, 0, and 2, respectively. Thus, the degree of
6x5y 2y4 4 8y2 is 6, the greatest of 6, 4, 0, 2m2 5m m 2m2 12m 16
and 2. 2m2 4m 2m2 12m 16
4m 12m 16
42. The polynomial 3ab3 5a2b2 4ab has three
8m 16
terms, 3ab3, 5a2b2, and 4ab, whose degrees are
m2
4, 4, and 2, respectively. Thus, the degree of
3ab3 5a2b2 4ab is 4, the greatest of 4, 4, and 2. 57. 213w w2 2 6 2w1w 42 10
43. The polynomial 19m3n4 21m5n has two terms, 6w 2w2 6 2w2 8w 10
19m3n4 and 21m5n, whose degrees are 7 and 6, 6w 6 8w 10
respectively. Thus, the degree of 19m3n4 21m5n 14w 6 10
is 7, the greater of 7 and 6. 14w 16
16 8 1
44. 3x4 x x2 5 3x4 x1 x2 5x0 w 14 or 7 or 17
3x4 x2 x 5 58. 1r 321r 72 1r21r2 1r2172 1321r2 132172
45. 2x y 27 4x4 xy 5x3y2
2 3
r2 7r 3r 21
2x2y3 27x0 4x4 x1y 5x3y2 r2 4r 21
4x4 5x3y2 2x2y3 xy 27 59. (4a 3)(a 4)
46. (2x2 5x 7) (3x3 x2 2) (4a)(a) (4a)(4) (3) (a) (3)(4)
12x2 5x 72 13x3 x2 22 4a2 16a 3a 12
3x3 12x2 x2 2 5x 17 22 4a2 13a 12
3x3 x2 5x 5 60. (3x 0.25) (6x 0.5)
47. (x 6xy 7y2 ) (3x2 xy y2 )
2 (3x) (6x) (3x) (0.5) 0.25(6x) (0.25) (0.5)
1x2 3x2 2 16xy xy2 17y2 y2 2 18x2 1.5x 1.5x 0.125
4x2 5xy 6y2 18x2 0.125
48. (7z2 4) (3z2 2z 6) 61. (5r 7s)(4r 3s)
17z2 42 13z2 2z 62 (5r)(4r) (5r)(3s) (7s)(4r) (7s) (3s)
(7z2 3z2 ) 2z (4 6) 20r2 15rs 28rs 21s2
4z2 2z 10 20r2 13rs 21s2
49. (13m4 7m 10) (8m4 3m 9) 62. (2k 1) (k2 7k 9)
113m4 8m4 2 17m 3m2 110 92 2k(k2 7k 9) 1(k2 7k 9)
21m4 10m 1 2k3 14k2 18k k2 7k 9
50. (11m2n2 4mn 6) (5m2n2 6mn 17) 2k3 15k2 11k 9
(11m2n2 5m2n2 ) (4mn 6mn) 63. (4p 3)(3p2 p 2)
(6 17) 4p(3p2 p 2) 3(3p2 p 2)
16m2n2 10mn 11 12p3 4p2 8p 9p2 3p 6
51. 15p2 3p 492 12p2 5p 242 12p3 13p2 11p 6
15p2 3p 492 12p2 5p 242 64. 1x 621x 62 x2 62
15p2 2p2 2 13p 5p2 149 242 x2 36
7p2 2p 25 65. 14x 72 14x2 2 214x2172 72
2
52. b(4b 1) 10b 16x2 56x 49

b(4b) b(1) 10b 66. 18x 52 18x2 2 218x2152 52
2
4b2 b 10b 64x2 80x 25
4b2 9b 67. 15x 3y215x 3y2 15x2 2 13y2 2
53. x13x 52 71x2 2x 92 25x2 9y2
x13x2 x152 71x2 2 712x2 7192 68. (6a 5b) (6a) 2(6a) (5b) (5b) 2
2 2
3x2 5x 7x2 14x 63 36a2 60ab 25b2
10x2 19x 63 69. (3m 4n) (3m) 2 2(3m) (4n) (4n) 2
2
54. 8y(11y2 2y 13) 9(3y3 7y 2) 9m2 24mn 16n2
8y(11y2 ) 8y(2y) 8y(13) 9(3y3 )
917y2 9122
88y3 16y2 104y 27y3 63y 18
61y3 16y2 167y 18
Chapter 8 396
Chapter 8 Practice Test 16. 13 103 212 104 2 13 221103 104 2
6 107
Page 469 or 60,000,000
14.72 10 4
114.72
3.2 21 10 2
4
1. (42 ) (43 ) (4 4)(4 4 4) 17.
10
3.2 10 3 3
44444 4(3)
(4.6)(10 )
45 and 165 45. 4.6 10 1
51
1
2. 5 or 0.46
3. Sample answer: A monomial is a number, variable, 18. 115 10 7 213.1 104 2 115 3.12110 7 104 2
or product of numbers and variables; 6x2. 46.5 10 3
4. (a2b4 ) (a3b5 ) (a2 a3 )(b4 b5 ) 4.65 10 10 3
a5b9 4.65 10 2
5. (12abc)(4a2b4 ) (12 4)(a a2 )(b b4 )c or 0.0465
1 2
48a3b5c 19. To find the time, divide the distance by the rate
135m22 135 22m2

d
tr .
12.85
1.86 21 10 2
6.
2.85 109 9
10
25m2
9
1.86 105
5
7. 13a2 4 1a5b2 2 132 4 1a2 4 1a5 2 2 1b2 2 (1.53)(109 5 )

81a4 a10 b2 1.53 104
81(a4 a10 )b2 It will take about 1.53 104 seconds or 4.25
81a14b2 hours.
20. The polynomial 2y2 8y4 9y has three terms,
8. (5a2 ) (6b3 ) 2 (5)(a2 )(6) 2 (b3 ) 2
2y2, 8y4, and 9y, whose degrees are 2, 4, and 1,
(5)(a2 )(36)(b6 )
respectively. Thus, the degree of 2y2 8y4 9y is
(5 36) (a2 )(b6 ) 4, the greatest of 2, 4, and 1.
180a2b6
1 21 2
2y2 8y4 9y 2y2 8y4 9y1
mn4 m n4
9. m3n2
m3 n2 8y4 2y2 9y
(m13 )(n42 ) 21. The polynomial 5xy 7 2y4 x2y3 has four
m 2n2 terms, 5xy, 7, 2y4, and x2y3, whose degrees are
1m1 21n1 2
2 2, 0, 4, and 5, respectively. Thus, the degree of
2
5xy 7 2y4 x2y3 is 5, the greatest of 2, 0, 4,
n2 and 5.
m2
1639 21aa 21bb 21cc 2

9a2bc2 2 2 5xy 7 2y4 x2y3
10. 5xy1 7y0 2y4 x2y3
1 7 2 (a24 )(b11 )(c21 )
63a4bc 4
1 2y4 x2y3 5xy 7

22. 15a 3a2 7a3 2 12a 8a2 42
7 a 2b0c
1
17a3 2 13a2 8a2 2 15a 2a2 4
117 21a1 2 (1) 11c 2
2 7a3 5a2 7a 4

c 23. (x3 3x2y 4xy2 y3 ) (7x3 x2y
7a2
48a2bc5 48a2bc5
9xy2 y3 )
11. (3ab3c2 ) 2
(3) 2 (a) 2 (b3 ) 2 (c2 ) 2 (x3 3x2y 4xy2 y3 ) (7x3 x2y
48a2bc5
9xy2 y3 )
1 21 21 21 2
9a2b6c4
48 a2 b c5 (x3 7x3 ) (3x2y x2y) (4xy2 9xy2 )
9 a2 b6 c4 (y3 y3 )
16 22 16 54
3
a b c 6x3 4x2y 13xy2

16 0 5
a b c 24. To find the measure of the third side, subtract the
1 2 1 21 2
3 measures of the two sides given from the
16 1 c
3
(1) b5 1 perimeter.
16c (11x2 29x 10) (x2 7x 9)
3b5
(5x2 13x 24)
12. 46,300 4.63 104 (11x2 29x 10) (x2 7x 9)
13. 0.003892 3.892 10 3 (5x2 13x 24)
14. 284 103 2.84 102 103 (11x2 x2 5x2 ) (29x 7x 13x)
2.84 105 (10 9 24)
9
15. 52.8 10 5.28 10 10 9 5x2 23x 23
5.28 10 8 25. 1h 52 2 h2 21h2152 52
h2 10h 25
397 Chapter 8
26. (4x y) (4x y) (4x) 2 y2 6. A; The cost of 4 sets of table and chairs plus the
16x2 y2 cost of b bookcases must be less than or equal to
$7500.
27. 3x2y3 (2x xy2 ) 3x2y3 (2x) 3x2y3 (xy2 )
415502 125b 7500
6x3y3 3x3y5
7. B; Let s amount Sophia spent,
28. 12a2b b2 2 2 12a2b2 2 212a2b2 1b2 2 1b2 2 2
and a amount Allie spent.
4a4b2 4a2b3 b4
Write a system of equations.
29. (4m 3n)(2m 5n)
(4m)(2m) (4m) (5n) (3n) (2m) (3n) (5n) s a 122
8m2 20mn 6mn 15n2 s 2a 25
8m2 14mn 15n2 Solve the system by substitution.
30. (2c 5) (3c2 4c 2) 2a 25 a 122
2c(3c2 4c 2) 5(3c2 4c 2) 3a 25 122
6c3 8c2 4c 15c2 20c 10 3a 147
a 49
6c3 7c2 16c 10
Allie spent $49.
31. 2x (x 3) 2(x2 7) 2
2x2 6x 2x2 14 2 8. D; (2x3 )(4x4 ) (2 4)(x3 x4 )
2x2 6x 2x2 12 8x7
6x 12 9. B; 0.00037 3.7 104
x2 10. A; 13x2 4x 52 1x2 2x 12
32. 3a1a2 52 11 a13a2 42 13x2 4x 52 1x2 2x 12
3a3 15a 11 3a3 4a 13x2 1x2 22 14x 2x2 15 1122
15a 11 4a 2x2 2x 4
11a 11 0 11. a a (n 1)d
11a 11 n 1
a15 20 (15 1)(9)
a1
33. C; 31x y2 2 31x2 2xy y2 2
20 (14)(9)
20 126
3182
106
24
12. Each y-value is 4 times the corresponding
x-value.
Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice f (x) 4x or y 4x
13. To find the y-intercept, let x 0.
3x 2y 8 0
Pages 470–471 3(0) 2y 8 0
1. A; Mean of first 5 games: 72 2y 8 0
Median of first 5 games: 70 2y 8
Mode of first 5 games: 70 y4
Mean of 6 games: 65 14. Graph 3x y 2. Since the boundary is included
Median of 6 games: 70 in the solution set, draw a solid line.
Mode of 6 games: 70
Test (0, 0).
Mean changes the most.
2100 5600 20,750 20,542
3x y 2
2. D; 60
x
3. D; r 4 3(0) 0 2
2100x 336,000 0 2 true
x 160 Shade the half-plane that contains (0, 0).
4. A; From the graph, we see that the y-intercept is y
1
1 and the slope is 5. Thus, the equation is
1
y 5x 1.
5. B; Find the y-intercept. 3x y 2
y mx b O x
4 2112 b
42b
2b
Write the equation.
y mx b 15. P Q
y 2x 2 (3x2 2x 1) (x2 2x 2)
(3x2 (x2 )) (2x 2x) (1 (2))
2x2 3
Chapter 8 398
16. (x2 1)(x 3) 24a. A /w
(x2 )(x) (x2 ) (3) (1)(x) (1) (3) (3m 3)(m 1)
(3m)(m) (3m)(1) (3)(m) (3) (1)
x3 3x2 x 3
3m2 3m 3m 3
17. A; The x-coordinate of A is 6. The y-coordinate of
B is 5. 3m2 3
The quantity in column A is greater. 24b. A /w
6(x 1) (3m 3)(m 4)
18. A; 4x 10 20 3
8 (3m)(m) (3m)(4) (3)(m) (3) (4)
4x 30 6(x 1) 24 3m2 12m 3m 12
30 15
x 4
or 2
6x 6 24 3m2 9m 12
6x 18 24c. V /wh
x 3 (3m 3)(m 1) (m 4)
The quantity in column A is greater. [ (3m)(m) (3m)(1) (3)m
19. B; x 3y 2 3x 8y 6 (3)(1) ] (m 4)
x 3y 0 x 8y 2 (3m2 3m 3m 3)(m 4)
2x 2 4x 8 (3m2 3)(m 4)
x1 x2 (3m 2 ) (m ) (3m 2 ) (4) (3) (m ) (3) (4)
The quantity in column B is greater. 3m3 12m2 3m 12
2b3c2 10b4 24d. V 3m3 12m2 3m 12
20. C;
3(2) 3 12(2) 2 3(2) 12
124 21bb 21cc 2 11020 21bb 21c1 2
4bc 20b8c1
3

2

4
3(8) 12(4) 6 12
1 2 2 (b31 )(c21 ) 1 2 2 (b48 )c

8 1
24 48 18
1 1
54
2 b4c 2 b4c
1 1
The two quantities are equal.

21. A; 5.01 102 50.1 104
0.0501 0.00501
The quantity in column A is greater.
22. C; The degree of The degree of
x2 5 6x 13x3 10 y 2y2 4y3
is 3. is 3.
The two quantities are equal.
23. B; (m n) 2 m2 2mn n2
(m2 n2 ) 2(mn)
10 2(6)
10 12
2
(m n) 2 m2 2mn n2
(m2 n2 ) 2(mn)
10 2(3)
10 6
16
The quantity in column B is greater.
399 Chapter 8
Chapter 9 Factoring
Page 473 Getting Started 3. Sample answer: 5x2 and 10x3
1. 3(4 x) 3 4 3 x 5x2 5 x x
12 3x 10x3 2 5 x x x
2. a(a 5) a a a 5 GCF: 5 x x or 5x2
a2 5a 4. List all pairs of numbers whose product is 8.
3. 7(n 3n 1) 7(n2 ) (7)(3n) (7)(1)
2
18 24
7n2 21n 7 factors: 1, 2, 4, 8
4. 6y(3y 5y2 y3 ) 6y(3y) 6y(5y2 ) 6y(y3 ) composite
18y2 30y3 6y4 5. List all pairs of numbers whose product is 17.
5. (x 4) (x 7) (x)(x) (x)(7) (4)(x) (4)(7) 1 17
x2 7x 4x 28 factors: 1, 17
x2 11x 28 prime
6. (3n 4)(n 5) 6. List all pairs of numbers whose product is 112.
(3n)(n) (3n)(5) (4)(n) (4)(5) 1 112 2 56 4 28
3n2 15n 4n 20 7 16 8 14
factors: 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 16, 28, 56, 112
3n2 11n 20
composite
7. (6a 2b)(9a b)
7. 45 3 15
(6a)(9a) (6a)(b) (2b)(9a) (2b)(b)
54a2 6ab 18ab 2b2 3 3 5 or 32 5
54a2 12ab 2b2 8. 32 1 32
1 2 16
8. (x 8y)(2x 12y)
1 2 2 8
(x)(2x) (x) (12y) (8y) (2x) (8y) (12y)
1 2 2 2 4
2x2 12xy 16xy 96y2
1 2 2 2 2 2 or 1 25
2x2 4xy 96y2
9. 150 1 150
9. (a b) 2 a2 2ab b2
1 2 75
(y 9) 2 y2 2(y) (9) 92 1 2 3 25
y2 18y 81
1 2 3 5 5 or 1 2 3 52
10. (a b) 2 a2 2ab b2 2 22pp
10. 4p
(3a 2) 2 (3a) 2 2(3a)(2) 22
11. 39b3c2 3 13 b b b c c
9a2 12a 4
12. 100x3yz2 1 100 x x x y z z
11. (a b) (a b) a2 b2
1 2 50 x x x y z z
(n 5) (n 5) n2 52 1 2 2 25 x x x y z z
n2 25 1 2 2 5 5 x x x y z z
12. (a b) (a b) a2 b2 13. Factor each monomial and circle the common
(6p 7q) (6p 7q) (6p) 2(7q) 2 prime factors.
36p2 49q2 10 2 5
13. 1121 is the positive square root of 121. 15 3 5
112 121 S 1121 11 GCF: 5
14. 10.0064 is the positive square root of 0.0064. 14. Factor each monomial and circle the common
(0.08) 2 0.0064 S 10.0064 0.08 prime factors.
25 25 18xy 2 3 3 x y
15. 3 36 is the positive square root of . 36y2 2 2 3 3 y y
156 22 2536 S 3 2536 56
36
GCF: 2 3 3 y or 18y
15. Factor each monomial and circle the common
8 8 4 prime factors.
16. 3 is the positive square root of or .
127 22 494 988 S 3 988 27

98 98 49
54 2 3 3 3
63 3 3 7
180 2 2 3 3 5
GCF: 3 3 or 9
9-1 Factors and Greatest Common 16. Factor each monomial and circle the common
Factors prime factors.
25n 5 5 n
Page 477 Check for Understanding 21m 3 7 m
1. False; 2 is a prime number that is even. GCF: 1
2. Two numbers are relatively prime if their GCF is 1.
Chapter 9 400
17. Factor each monomial and circle the common factors: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 14, 18, 21, 42, 63, 126
prime factors. composite
12a2b 2 2 3 a a b 27. List all pairs of numbers whose product is 304.
90a2b2c 2 3 3 5 a a b b c 1 304 2 152 4 76
GCF: 2 3 a a b or 6a2b 8 38 16 19
18. Factor each monomial and circle the common factors: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 19, 38, 76, 152, 304
prime factors. composite
15r2 3 5 r r 28. List all pairs of whole numbers whose product is
35s2 5 7 s s 96. These are the possible dimensions for the
70rs 2 5 7 r s rectangle. Find the perimeter of the rectangle
GCF: 5 associated with each pair and identify the least
perimeter among them.
19. List all pairs of numbers whose product is 120
and both numbers are at least 5. A lw 2l 2w P
5 24 6 20 96 96 1 2(96) 2(1) 194
8 15 10 12 96 48 2 2(48) 2(2) 100
Since either number in each pair can be the 96 32 3 2(32) 2(3) 70
number of rows and the other number the
96 24 4 2(24) 2(4) 56
number of plants, Ashley can arrange the plants
in any of the following ways. 96 16 6 2(16) 2(6) 44
5 rows of 24 plants 96 12 8 2(12) 2(8) 40
6 rows of 20 plants The minimum perimeter is 40 mm.
8 rows of 15 plants 29. Identify the greatest perimeter in the chart in
10 rows of 12 plants Exercise 28. The maximum perimeter is 194 mm.
12 rows of 10 plants
30. Find the GCF of 18 and 24. Factor each number
15 rows of 8 plants
and circle the common prime factors.
20 rows of 6 plants
24 rows of 5 plants 18 2 3 3
24 2 2 2 3
GCF: 2 3 or 6
Each cellophane package should contain
Pages 477–479 Practice and Apply 6 cookies.
20. List all pairs of numbers whose product is 19.
31. Since 18 3 6 and 24 4 6, 3 cellophane
1 19 packages will go in each box of 18 cookies, and
factors: 1, 19 4 cellophane packages will go in each box of
prime 24 cookies.
21. List all pairs of numbers whose product is 25. 32. 39 3 13
1 25 55 33. 98 1 98
factors: 1, 5, 25 1 2 49
composite
1 2 7 7 or 1 2 72
34. 117 3 39
1 80 2 40 4 20 3 3 13 or 32 13
5 16 8 10
35. 102 2 51
factors: 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 16, 20, 40, 80
2 3 17
composite
36. 115 1 115
1 5 23
1 61
37. 180 2 90
factors: 1, 61
2 2 45
prime
2 2 3 15
2 2 3 3 5 or 22 32 5
1 91 7 13
38. 360 2 180
factors: 1, 7, 13, 91
2 2 90
composite
2 2 2 45
25. List all pairs of numbers whose product is 119. 2 2 2 3 15
1 119 7 17 2 2 2 3 3 5 or 23 32 5
factors: 1, 7, 17, 119 39. 462 1 462
composite 1 2 231
26. List all pairs of numbers whose product is 126. 1 2 3 77
1 126 2 63 3 42 1 2 3 7 11
6 21 7 18 9 14
401 Chapter 9
40. 66d4 2 33 d d d d 55. Factor each monomial and circle the common
2 3 11 d d d d prime factors.
2 2
41. 85x y 5 17 x x y y 24d2 2 2 2 3 d d
42. 49a3b2 7 7 a a a b b 30c2d 2 3 5 c c d
GCF: 2 3 d or 6d
43. 50gh 2 25 g h
255gh 56. Factor each monomial and circle the common
prime factors.
44. 128pq2 2 64 p q q
2 2 32 p q q 20gh 2 2 5 g h
2 2 2 16 p q q 36g2h2 2 2 3 3 g g h h
22228pqq GCF: 2 2 g h or 4gh
222224pqq 57. Factor each monomial and circle the common
2222222pqq prime factors.
45. 243n3m 3 81 n n n m 21p2q 3 7 p p q
3 3 27 n n n m 32r2t 2 2 2 2 2 r r t
3339nnnm GCF: 1
33333nnnm 58. Factor each monomial and circle the common
46. 183xyz3 1 183 x y z z z prime factors.
1 3 61 x y z z z 18x 2 3 3 x
2bc2 1 169 a a b c c
47. 169a 30xy 2 3 5 x y
1 13 13 a a b c c 54y 2 3 3 3 y
48. Factor each monomial and circle the common GCF: 2 3 or 6
prime factors. 59. Factor each monomial and circle the common
27 3 3 3 prime factors.
72 2 2 2 3 3 28a2 2 2 7 a a
GCF: 3 3 or 9 63a3b2 3 3 7 a a a b b
49. Factor each monomial and circle the common 91b3 7 13 b b b
prime factors. GCF: 7
18 2 3 3 60. Factor each monomial and circle the common
35 5 7 prime factors.
GCF: 1 14m2n2 2 7 m m n n
50. Factor each monomial and circle the common 18mn 2 3 3 m n
prime factors. 2m2n3 2 m m n n n
32 2 2 2 2 2 GCF: 2 m n or 2mn
48 2 2 2 2 3 61. Factor each monomial and circle the common
GCF: 2 2 2 2 or 16 prime factors.
51. Factor each monomial and circle the common 80a2b 2 2 2 2 5 a a b
prime factors. 96a2b3 2 2 2 2 2 3 a a b
84 2 2 3 7 bb
70 2 5 7 128a2b2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 a a
GCF: 2 7 or 14 b b
52. Factor each monomial and circle the common GCF: 2 2 2 2 a a b or 16a2b
prime factors. 62. The next five pairs of twin primes are: 5 and 7,
16 2 2 2 2 11 and 13, 17 and 19, 29 and 31, and 41 and 43.
20 2 2 5 63. Find the GCF of 75 and 90. Factor each number
64 2 2 2 2 2 2 and circle the common prime factors.
GCF: 2 2 or 4
75 3 5 5
53. Factor each monomial and circle the common 90 2 3 3 5
prime factors. GCF: 3 5 or 15
42 2 3 7 The maximum number of rows is 15.
63 3 3 7
64. Since there is a total of 75 90 or 165 members
105 3 5 7
in 15 rows and 165 15 11, there will be
GCF: 3 7 or 21
11 members in each row.
prime factors.
15a 3 5 a
28b2 2 2 7 b b
GCF: 1
Chapter 9 402
65. The next prime number after 2 is 3, so let p 3. 70. D; List all pairs of numbers whose product is 120.
2p 1 23 1 1 120 2 60 3 40
81 4 30 5 24 6 20
7 8 15 10 12
Since 7 is prime, the second Mersenne prime is 7. factors: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 24, 30, 40,
The next prime number after 3 is 5, so let p 5. 60, 120
2p 1 25 1 Thus, it is true that 120 has at least eight factors.
32 1 Any number that has at least eight factors will
31 have at least four factorizations into two numbers.
Since 31 is prime, the third Mersenne prime is 31. 71. A; Find the prime factorization of each number.
66. No; the first Mersenne prime is 3, so the formula 53 53
does not generate the first prime number, 2. 74 2 37
67. The area of the triangle is 20 sq cm. 99 3 3 11
1
117 3 3 13
A 2bh
Thus, 53, 37, 11,
1 53 74 99
20 2bh and 13. 53 has the greatest value.
1 2
117
1
2(20) 2 2
bh
40 bh
List all pairs of whole numbers whose product is
72. (a b) 2 a2 2ab b2
40. These are the possible dimensions for the
triangle. (2x 1) 2 (2x) 2 2(2x)(1) 12
4x2 4x 1
1 40 2 20
4 10 58 73. (a b)(a b) a2 b2
Since either number in each pair can be the base (3a 5)(3a 5) (3a) 2 52
and the other number the height, the triangle can 9a2 25
have any of the following whole-number 74. (7p2 4)(7p2 4) (7p2 4) 2
dimensions. (a b) 2 a2 2ab b2
base: 1 cm, height: 40 cm (7p2 4) 2 (7p2 ) 2 2(7p2 )(4) 42
base: 2 cm, height: 20 cm 49p4 56p2 16
base: 4 cm, height: 10 cm
75. (6r 7)(2r 5)
(6r)(2r) (6r)(5) (7)(2r) 7(5)
12r2 30r 14r 35
base: 20 cm, height: 2 cm 12r2 16r 35
base: 40 cm, height: 1 cm 76. (10h k)(2h 5k)
68a. False; 6 is a factor of 3 4 or 12, but 6 is not a (10h)(2h) (10h)(5k) (k)(2h) (k) (5k)
factor of 3 or 4. 20h2 50hk 2hk 5k2
68b. True; since 6 is a factor of ab, the prime 20h2 52hk 5k2
factorization of ab must contain a factor of 3 77. (b 4)(b2 3b 18)
since 3 is a factor of 6. Thus, 3 must be a factor b(b2 3b 18) 4(b2 3b 18)
of either a or b. b3 3b2 18b 4b2 12b 72
68c. False; 6 is a factor of 3 1082 or 3246, but 3 is b3 7b2 6b 72
not a factor of 1082.
78. Use the slope formula with (x1, y1) (1, 2),
69. Scientists listening to radio signals would suspect (x2, y2) (2, r) and m 3.
that a modulated signal beginning with prime y2 y 1
numbers would indicate a message from an mx x1
2
extraterrestrial. Answer should include the r 2
3 2 1
following.
3 r 2
• 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 1
3
47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 79, 83, 89, 97, 101, 103, 3(3) 1(r 2)
107, 109, 113; See students’ work. 9 r 2
• Sample answer: It is unlikely that any natural 9 2 r 2 2
phenomenon would produce such an artificial 7 r
and specifically mathematical pattern.
403 Chapter 9
79. Use the slope formula with (x1, y1) (5, 9), 2. Model 6x 8.
3
(x2, y2) (r, 6) and m 5.
y2 y1
mx x1
2 1 1 1 1
3 6 9
5 r (5)
x x x x x x
3 3 1 1 1 1
5 r 5
3(r 5) 5(3)
3r 15 15
3r 15 15 15 15 Arrange the tiles into a rectangle.
3r 0
3x 4
3r 0
3
3
x x x 1 1 1 1
r0 2
x x x 1 1 1 1
80. Let x the wholesale price. Then 79 x is the
amount of change. The percent of increase is 25%.
79 x 25
x
100
(79 x) (100) (x)(25) The rectangle has a width of 2 and a length of
7900 100x 25x 3x 4. So, 6x 8 2(3x 4).
7900 100x 100x 25x 100x 3. Model 5x2 2x.
7900 125x
7900 125x
125
125
63.2 x
The wholesale price was $63.20. x2 x2 x2 x2 x2 x x
81. 5(2x 8) 5(2x) 5(8)
10x 40
82. a(3a 1) a(3a) a(1)
3a2 a Arrange the tiles into a rectangle.
83. 2g(3g 4) 2g(3g) (2g)(4)
5x 2
6g2 8g
84. 4y(3y 6) (4y) (3y) (4y)(6)
12y2 24y x x2 x2 x2 x2 x2 x x
85. 7b 7c 7(b c)
86. 2x 3x (2 3)x
The rectangle has a width of x and a length of

Page 480 Algebra Activity 5x 2. So, 5x2 2x x(5x 2).
(Preview of Lesson 9-2) 4. Model 9 3x.
1. Model 2x 10.
x 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 x 1 1 1
x x
1 1 1 1 1 x 1 1 1
Arrange the tiles into a rectangle. Arrange the tiles into a rectangle.
x5 3x
x 1 1 1 1 1 x 1 1 1
2
x 1 1 1 1 1 3 x 1 1 1
x 1 1 1
The rectangle has a width of 2 and a length of

x 5. So, 2x 10 2(x 5). The rectangle has a width of 3 and a length of
3 x. So, 9 3x 3(3 x).
Chapter 9 404
5. Yes; 4. The GCF of 9x2 and 36x is 9x.
9x2 36x 9x(x) 9x(4)
2x 5
9x(x 4)
x x 1 1 1 1 1 5. The GCF of 16xz and 40xz2 is 8xz.
2
x x 1 1 1 1 1 16xz 40xz2 8xz(2) 8xz(5z)
8xz(2 5z)
6. The GCF of 24m2np2 and 36m2n2p is 12m2np.
24m2np2 36m2n2p 12m2np(2p) 12m2np(3n)
6. No; 12m2np(2p 3n)
7. The GCF of 2a3b2, 8ab, and 16a2b3 is 2ab.
2a3b2 8ab 16a2b3 2ab(a2b) 2ab(4) 2ab(8ab2 )
x 1 1 1 2ab(a2b 4 8ab2 )
x 1 1 8. 5y2 15y 4y 12 (5y2 15y) (4y 12)
x 1 1 5y(y 3) 4(y 3)
(y 3)(5y 4)
9. 5c 10c2 2d 4cd (5c 10c2 ) (2d 4cd)
7. Yes; 5c(1 2c) 2d(1 2c)
(1 2c)(5c 2d)
x2 10. h(h 5) 0
h 0 or h 5 0
2 h 5
x x x x
Check: h(h 5) 0 h(h 5) 0
? ?
0(0 5) 0 5(5 5) 0
? ?
8. No; 0(5) 0 5(0) 0
00✓ 00✓
11. (n 4)(n 2) 0
n 4 0 or n 2 0
1 1 1
2 2 n4 n 2
x x
Check:
(n 4)(n 2) 0 (n 4)(n 2) 0
? ?
9. Sample answer: Binomials can be factored if they (4 4)(4 2) 0 (2 4)(2 2) 0
? ?
can be represented by a rectangle. Examples: 0(6) 0 6(0) 0
2x 2 can be factored and 2x 1 cannot be 00✓ 00✓
factored. 12. 5m 3m2
5m 3m2 0
Factoring Using the Distributive m(5 3m) 0
9-2 m 0 or 5 3m 0
Property 3m 5
5
m3
5 56
1. Sample answers: The solution set is 0, 3 .
4x2 12x 4(x2 ) 4(3x) 5m 3m2 5m 3m2
153 2 3153 22
Check:
4(x2 3x) ? ?
5(0) 3(0) 2 5
31 9 2
2 12x x(4x) x(12)
4x
25 ? 25
x(4x 12) 00✓ 3
4x2 12x 4x(x) 4x(3) 25 25
✓
4x(x 3) 3 3
13. Since the height is expressed in units of feet
4x(x 3) is the completely factored form because
above sea level, the flare is at height 0 ft when it
4x is the GCF of 4x2 and 12x.
returns to the sea.
2. Sample answer: The equation x2 6x 7 0
14. h 100t 16t2
can be solved using the Zero Product Property
because x2 6x 7 can be factored to 0 100t 16t2
(x 1)(x 7). 0 4t(25 4t)
4t 0 or 25 4t 0
3. The equation has two solutions, 4 and 2.
t0 4t 25
Dividing each side by x 2 would eliminate 2 as 25
a solution. t 4
t 6.25
405 Chapter 9
15. The flare returns to the sea in 6.25 s. The answer 37. 2my 7x 7m 2xy 2my 7m 7x 2xy
0 is not reasonable since it represents the time at (2my 7m) (7x 2xy)
which the flare is launched. m(2y 7) x(7 2y)
m(2y 7) x(2y 7)
(2y 7) (m x)
Pages 484–486 Practice and Apply 38. 8ax 6x 12a 9 (8ax 6x) (12a 9)
16. 5x 30y 5(x) 5(6y) 2x(4a 3) 3(4a 3)
5(x 6y) (4a 3)(2x 3)
17. 16a 4b 4(4a) 4(b) 39. 10x2 14xy 15x 21y
4(4a b) (10x2 14xy) (15x 21y)
18. a b a a(a4b) a(1)
5 2x(5x 7y) 3(5x 7y)
a(a4b 1) (5x 7y)(2x 3)
1 3 1 1
19. x y x x(x2y2 ) x(1)
3 2 40. 2n2 2n 2n(n) 2n(3)
x(x2y2 1) 1
2n(n 3)
20. 21cd 3d 3d(7c) 3d(1)
41. Replace n with 10 in the polynomial.
3d(7c 1)
1 1
21. 14gh 18h 2h(7g) 2h(9) 2
n(n 3) 2 (10)(5 3)
2h(7g 9) 5(7) or 35
22. 15a2y 30ay 15ay(a) 15ay(2) A decagon has 35 diagonals.
15ay(a 2) 1
42. g 2n2 2n
1
23. 8bc2 24bc 8bc(c) 8bc(3) 1 1

8bc(c 3) 2n(n) 2n(1)
24. 12x2y2z 40xy3z2 4xy2z(3x) 4xy2z(10yz) 1
2n(n 1)
4xy2z(3x 10yz) 43. First find the number of games needed for
25. 18a2bc2 48abc3 6abc2 (3a) 6abc2 (8c) 7 teams to play each other once.
6abc2 (3a 8c) 1
2b2 a3b3 a(1) a(ab2 ) a(a2b3 )
g 2 (7)(7 1)
26. a a 1
a(1 ab2 a2b3 ) 2 (7)(6)
2y2 25xy x x(15xy2 ) x(25y) x(1) 1
27. 15x 2 (42)
x(15xy2 25y 1) 21
28. 12ax3 20bx2 32cx 4x(3ax2 ) 4x(5bx) 4x(8c) Thus, the number of games needed for 7 teams to
4x(3ax2 5bx 8c) play each other 3 times is 3(21) or 63 games.
3q
29. 3p 9pq2 36pq 3pq(p2 ) 3pq(3q) 3pq(12) 44. area of shaded area of outer area of inner
3pq(p2 3q 12) region rectangle rectangle
30. x2 2x 3x 6 (x2 2x) (3x 6) (a 4)(b 4) ab
x(x 2) 3(x 2) ab a(4) 4b 16 ab
(x 2)(x 3) 4a 4b 16
31. x2 5x 7x 35 (x2 5x) (7x 35) 4(a) 4(b) 4(4)
x(x 5) 7(x 5) 4(a b 4)
(x 5)(x 7) 45. area of shaded area of the 2 area of a
32. 4x2 14x 6x 21 (4x2 14x) (6x 21) region rectangle circle
2x(2x 7) 3(2x 7) 2r(4r) 2(r2 )
(2x 7) (2x 3) 8r2 2r2
33. 12y2 9y 8y 6 (12y2 9y) (8y 6) 2r2 (4) 2r2 ()
3y(4y 3) 2(4y 3) 2r2 (4 )
(4y 3)(3y 2) 46. The length of one side of the square is
1
34. 6a2 15a 8a 20 (6a2 15a) (8a 20) 4
(12x 20y) or 3x 5y in.
3a(2a 5) 4(2a 5) A (3x 5y) 2
(2a 5) (3a 4)
(3x) 2 2(3x)(5y) (5y) 2
2 30x 3x 5 (18x2 30x) (3x 5)
35. 18x 9x2 30xy 25y2
6x(3x 5) (3x 5)
The area of the square is 9x2 30xy 25y2 in2.
(3x 5)(6x 1)
36. 4ax 3ay 4bx 3by (4ax 3ay) (4bx 3by)
a(4x 3y) b(4x 3y)
(4x 3y)(a b)
Chapter 9 406
47. The length of one side of the square is
1
57. 7x2 6x
4
(36a 16b) or 9a 4b cm. 2
7x 6x 0
A (9a 4b) 2 x(7x 6) 0
(9a) 2 2(9a)(4b) (4b) 2 x0 ˛ or 7x 6 0
81a2 72ab 16b2 7x 6
6
The area of the square is 81a2 72ab 16b2 cm2. x7
50, 67 6
48. x(x 24) 0
58. 6x2 4x
x 0 or x 24 0 2
x 24 6x 4x 0
{0, 24} 2x(3x 2) 0
2x 0 or 3x 2 0
49. a(a 16) 0
x0 3x 2
a 0 or a 16 0 2
a 16 x 3
{16, 0}
50. (q 4)(3q 15) 0
523, 06
q40 or 3q 15 0
˛
59. 20x2 15x
2
q 4 3q 15 20x 15x 0
q5 5x(4x 3) 0
{4, 5} 5x 0 ˛ or 4x 3 0
x0 4x 3
51. (3y 9)( y 7) 0
3
3y 9 0 or y 7 0 x 4
534, 06
˛
3y 9 y7
y 3
{3, 7} 60. Let h 0 and solve for t.
52. (2b 3) (3b 8) 0 h 20t 16t2
2b 3 0 or 3b 8 0 0 20t 16t2
2b 3 3b 8 0 4t(5 4t)
b2
3 8
b3 4t 0 or 5 4t 0
532, 83 6
t0 4t 5
5
t4
53. (4n 5)(3n 7) 0 t 1.25
4n 5 0 or 3n 7 0
The dolphin leaves the water at 0 seconds and
˛
4n 5 3n 7
5 7
returns to the water at 1.25 seconds. The dolphin
n 4 n3
554, 73 6
is in the air for 1.25 s.
61. Let h 2 and solve for t.
h 2 45t 16t2
54. 3z2 12z 0
2 2 45t 16t2
3z(z 4) 0
3z 0 or z 4 0 0 45t 16t2
z0 z 4 0 16t(2.8125 t)
{4, 0} 16t 0 or 2.8125 t 0
t0 t 2.8125
55. 7d2 35d 0
t 2.8125
7d(d 5) 0
7d 0 or d 5 0 Malik hits the ball at 0 seconds, and the catcher
d0 d5 catches it at about 2.8 seconds. The ball is in the
{0, 5} air about 2.8 s before it is caught.
56. 2x2 5x 62. axy axby aybx bxy
2x 2 5x 0 (axy axby ) (aybx bxy )
x(2x 5) 0 (axay axby ) (aybx bxby )
x0 or 2x 5 0
˛
ax (ay by ) bx (ay by )
2x 5 (ay by )(ax bx )
5
x2
50, 52 6
407 Chapter 9
18x3y1
11812 21xx 21yy 2
3 1
63. Answers should include the following. 73.
12x2y4 2 4
• Let h 0 in the equation h 151t 16t2. To
)(y14 )
3 32
solve 0 151t 16t2, factor the right-hand side 2
(x
as t(151 16t). Then, since t(151 16t) 0,
3
(x)(y5 )
1 2
2
either t 0 or 151 16t 0. Solving each
3 1
equation for t, we find that t 0 or t 9.44. 2
(x) y5
• The solution t 0 represents the point at
3x
2y5
which the ball was initially thrown into the
air. The solution t 9.44 represents how long 34p7q2r5 34p7q2r5
74. 17(p3qr1 ) 2
17(p3 ) 2 (q) 2 (r1 ) 2
it took after the ball was thrown for it to
34p7q2r5
return to the same height at which it was 17p6q2r2
13417 21pp 21qq 21rr 2

thrown. 7 2 5
6 2 2
64. A; Since there are 3 feet in one yard, the number
of feet in x yards is 3x. The number of feet in 2(p 76
)(q )(r5(2) )
22
0 3
y feet is y. Since there are 12 inches per foot, the 2(p)(q )(r )
z
number of feet in z inches is 12. 2(p)(1)(r3 )
65. A; First determine the negative solution of the
2p
r3
equation in Column A.
75. Let x represent the number of shares that
(a 2) (a 5) 0
Michael can purchase. The total purchase price
a 2 0 or a 5 0
cannot exceed 60% of last year’s dividend.
a2 a 5
14x 0.60(885)
The solution set is {5, 2}. The negative solution
14x 531
is 5. 531
Next determine the negative solution of the x 14
or about 37.9
equation in Column B. Michael can purchase up to 37 shares.
(b 6) (b 1) 0 76. (n 8)(n 3) (n)(n) (n)(3) (8)(n) 8(3)
b60 or b 1 0 n2 3n 8n 24
b 6 b1 n2 11n 24
The solution set is {6, 1}. The negative solution 77. (x 4)(x 5)
is 6. 5 6, so the quantity in Column A is (x)(x) (x)(5) (4)(x) (4)(5)
greater. x2 5x 4x 20
x2 9x 20
78. (b 10) (b 7)
(b)(b) (b)(7) (10)(b) (10)(7)
b2 7b 10b 70
1 123 3 41
b2 3b 70
factors: 1, 3, 41, 123
composite 79. (3a 1)(6a 4)
(3a)(6a) (3a)(4) (1)(6a) (1)(4)
18a2 12a 6a 4
1 300 2 150 3 100 4 75 5 60
6 50 10 30 12 25 15 20 18a2 6a 4
factors: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 50, 80. (5p 2)(9p 3)
60, 75, 100, 150, 300 (5p)(9p) (5p)(3) (2) (9p) (2)(3)
composite 45p2 15p 18p 6
68. List all pairs of numbers whose product is 67. 45p2 33p 6
1 67 81. (2y 5)(4y 3)
factors: 1, 67 (2y)(4y) (2y)(3) (5)(4y) (5)(3)
prime 8y2 6y 20y 15
69. (4s3 3) 2 (4s3 ) 2 2(4s3 )(3) (3) 2 8y2 14y 15
16s6 24s3 9
70. (2p 5q) (2p 5q) (2p) 2 (5q) 2
4p2 25q2 Page 486 Practice Quiz 1
71. (3k 8) (3k 8) (3k 8) 2 1. List all pairs of numbers whose product is 225.
(3k) 2 2(3k)(8) 82 1 225 3 75 5 45 9 25 15 15
9k2 48k 64 factors: 1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 25, 45, 75, 225
s4 composite
72. s7
s4(7)
s11
Chapter 9 408
2. 320 1 320 Page 488 Algebra Activity
1 2 160 (Preview of Lesson 9-3)
1 2 2 80 1. Model x2 4x 3.
1 2 2 2 40
1 2 2 2 2 20
1 2 2 2 2 2 10
1 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 or 1 26 5
2 3 1 1
3. 78a bc 2 39 a a b c c c
x2 x x x x
2 3 13 a a b c c c 1
4. 54x3 2 3 3 3 x x x
42x2y 2 3 7 x x y
30xy2 2 3 5 x y y
GCF: 2 3 x or 6x
5. 4xy2 xy xy(4x) xy(1) Place the x2 tile at the corner. Arrange the 1 tiles
xy(4x 1) into a rectangular array.
6. 32a b 40b3 8a2b2 8b(4a2 ) 8b(5b2 ) 8b(a2b)
2
8b(4a2 5b2 a2b)

7. 6py 16p 15y 40 (6py 16p) (15y 40)
2p(3y 8) 5(3y 8) x2
(3y 8) (2p 5)
8. (8n 5)(n 4) 0 1 1 1
8n 5 0 or n40
8n 5 n4
5
n 8
558, 46 Complete the rectangle with the x tiles.
Check: x3
(8n 5) (n 4) 0 (8n 5) (n 4) 0
3 8158 2 5 4158 42 0
? ?
[ 8(4) 5] (4 4) 0 x2 x x x
(5 5) 1 8 4 2 0
? ?
x1
5
(37)(0) 0
(0) 1 8 2 0
x 1 1 1
37 ?
00✓
00✓
2
9. 9x 27x 0
9x(x 3) 0 The rectangle has a width of x 1 and a length of
9x 0 or x30 x 3. Therefore, x2 4x 3 (x 1)(x 3).
x0 x3 2. Model x2 5x 4.
{0, 3}
Check:
9x(x 3) 0 9x(x 3) 0
? ?
9(0) (0 3) 0 9(3)(3 3) 0 1 1
? ?
0(3) 0 27(0) 0 x2 x x x x x
00✓ 00✓ 1 1
10. 10x2 3x
10x2 3x 0
x(10x 3) 0
x0 or 10x 3 0
Place the x2 tile at the corner. Arrange the 1 tiles
˛
10x 3
into a rectangular array.
3
x 10
5103 , 06
Check:
x2
10x2 3x 10x2 3x
1103 22 31103 2
? ?
10 10(0) 2 3(0) 1 1 1 1
10 1 100 2 10
9 ? 9 ?
10(0) 0
9 9
10
10
✓ 00✓
409 Chapter 9
Complete the rectangle with the x tiles. 4. Model x2 3x 2.
x4
x2 x x x x 1
x1
x2 x x x
x 1 1 1 1 1
The rectangle has a width of x 1 and a length of Place the x2 tile at the corner. Arrange the 1 tiles
x 4. Therefore, x2 5x 4 (x 1)(x 4). into a rectangular array.
3. Model x2 x 6.
x2
1 1 1
x2 x 1 1
1 1 1
Complete the rectangle with the x tiles.
Place the x2 tile at the corner. Arrange the 1 tiles x2

x2 x x
x1
x 1 1
x2
1 1 1
1 1 1
The rectangle has a width of x 1 and a length of
x 2. Therefore, x2 3x 2 (x 1)(x 2).
5. Model x2 7x 12.
Complete the rectangle with the x tile and two
zero-pairs of x tiles 1 1 1
x2 x x x x x x x
x3 1 1 1
1 1 1
x2 x x x 1 1 1
x2
x 1 1 1 Place the x2 tile at the corner. Arrange the 1 tiles
x 1 1 1 into a rectangular array.
The rectangle has a width of x 2 and a length of x2

x 3. Therefore, x2 x 6 (x 2)(x 3).
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
Chapter 9 410
Complete the rectangle with the x tiles. 7. Model x2 x 2.
x4
x2 x x x x 1
x2 x
x3
x 1 1 1 1 1
x 1 1 1 1
x 1 1 1 1

The rectangle has a width of x 3 and a length of into a rectangular array.
x 4. Therefore, x2 7x 12 (x 3)(x 4).
6. Model x2 4x 4.
x2
1
1 1 1
x2 x x x x
1 1
Complete the rectangle with the x tile and a zero

pair of x tiles.
x1
Place the x2tile at the corner. Arrange the 1 tiles
x2 x
x2
x 1
x 1
x2
1 1
1 1 x 1. Therefore, x2 x 2 (x 2)(x 1).
x2
x2 x x
x2
x 1 1
x 1 1

x 2. Therefore, x2 4x 4 (x 2)(x 2).
411 Chapter 9
8. Model x2 6x 8. The correct factors are 4 and 10.
x2 14x 40 0
(x 4)(x 10) 0
x 4 0 or x 10 0
1 1 x4 x 10
x2 x x x x x x The solution set is {4, 10}.
1 1
1 1
3. Aleta; to use the Zero Product Property, one side
of the equation must equal zero.
1 1 4. Since b 11 and c 24, make a list of positive
factors of 24, and find the pair whose sum is 11.
Factors of 24 Sum of Factors
1, 24 25
2, 12 14
3, 8 11
4, 6 10
The correct factors are 3 and 8.
x2 11x 24 (x m)(x n)
x2 (x 3)(x 8)
5. Since b 3 and c 2, make a list of negative
1 1 1 1 factors of 2, and find the pair whose sum is 3.
1 1 1 1 Factors of 2 Sum of Factors
1, 2 3
c2 3c 2 (c m)(c n)
(c 1)(c 2)
x4 6. Make a list of factors of 48, and find the pair
whose sum is 13.
x2 x x x x 1, 48 47
x2 1, 48 47
x 1 1 1 1 2, 24 22
x 1 1 1 1 2, 24 22
3, 16 13
3, 16 13
4, 12 8
The rectangle has a width of x 2 and a length of 4, 12 8
x 4. Therefore, x2 6x 8 (x 2)(x 4). 6, 8 2
6, 8 2
9-3 Factoring Trinomials x 2 bx c n2 13n 48 (n m)(n p)
(n 3)(n 16)
Pages 492–493 Check for Understanding 7. Make a list of factors of 35, and find the pair
1. In this trinomial, b 6 and c 9. This means whose sum is 2.
that m n is positive and mn is positive. Only Factors of 35 Sum of Factors
two positive numbers have both a positive sum 1, 35 34
and product. Therefore, negative factors of 9 need 1, 35 34
not be considered. 5, 7 2
2. Sample answer: Factor x2 14x 40 0. 5, 7 2
Since b 14 and c 40, make a list of negative The correct factors are 5 and 7.
factors of 40, and look for the pair whose sum is 14. p2 2p 35 ( p m)( p n)
Factors of 40 Sum of Factors ( p 5)( p 7)
1, 40 41
2, 20 22
4, 10 14
5, 8 13
Chapter 9 412
8. 72 27a a2 a2 27a 72 The solution set is {2, 21}.
Make a list of positive factors of 72, and find the Check:
pair whose sum is 27. p2 19p 42 0 p2 19p 42 0
2 ? 2 ?
Factors of 72 Sum of Factors (2) 19(2) 42 0 (21) 19(21) 42 0
? ?
1, 72 73 4 38 42 0 441 399 42 0
2, 36 38 00✓ 00✓
3, 24 27 13. y2 9 10y
4, 18 22 2
y 9 10y 0
6, 12 18 y2 10y 9 0
8, 9 17 ( y 1)( y 9) 0
The correct factors are 3 and 24. y10 or y 9 0
72 27a a2 a2 27a 72 y 1 y 9
(a m)(a n) The solution set is {9, 1}.
(a 3)(a 24)
Check:
9. x2 4xy 3y2 x2 (4y)x 3y2
y2 9 10y y2 9 10y
Make a list of negative factors of 3y2, and find the 2 ? ?
(9) 9 10(9) (1) 2 9 10(1)
pair whose sum is 4y. ? ?
81 9 90 1 9 10
Factors of 3y2 Sum of Factors
90 90 ✓ 10 10 ✓
y, 3y 4y
14. 9x x2 22
y2, 3 y2 3
9x x2 22 0
1, 3y2 1 3y2
x2 9x 22 0
The correct factors are y and 3y. (x 2)(x 11) 0
x2 4xy 3y2 x2 (4y)x 3y2 x 2 0 or x 11 0
(x m)(x n) x2 x 11
(x y)(x 3y)
10. n2 7n 6 0
Check:
(n 1)(n 6) 0
9x x2 22 9x x2 22
n10 or n 6 0 ? ?
2
n 1 n 6 9(11) (11) 22 9(2) (2) 2 22
? ?
The solution set is {6, 1}. 99 121 22 18 4 22
22 22 ✓ 22 22 ✓
Check:
15. d2 3d 70
n2 7n 6 0
2 7(1) 6 ? d2 3d 70 0
(1) 0
? (d 7)(d 10) 0
1760
d70 or d 10 0
00✓
d 7 d 10
n2 7n 6 0
? The solution set is {7, 10}.
(6) 2 7(6) 6 0
?
Check:
36 42 6 0 d2 3d 70 d2 3d 70
00✓ 2
(7) 3(7) 70
? 2 ?
(10) 3(10) 70
11. a2 5a 36 0 ? ?
49 21 70 100 30 70
(a 4)(a 9) 0
70 70 ✓ 70 70 ✓
a 4 0 or a 9 0
16. Let n be the first integer. Then n 1 is the
a4 a 9
second integer.
n(n 1) 156
Check: n2 n 156
a2 5a 36 0 a2 5a 36 0 n 2 n 156 0
2 ? 2 ?
(9) 5(9) 36 0 (4) 5(4) 36 0 (n 12)(n 13) 0
? ?
81 45 36 0 16 20 36 0 n 12 0 or n 13 0
00✓ 00✓ n 12 n 13
12. p2 19p 42 0 When n 12, n 1 13.
( p 2)( p 21) 0 When n 13, n 1 12.
p20 or p 21 0 The two consecutive integers are either 12 and 13
p 2 p 21 or 13 and 12.
413 Chapter 9
Pages 493–494 Practice and Apply 31. 72 6w w2 w2 6w 72
17. Among all pairs of positive factors of 15, choose Among all pairs of factors of 72, choose 6 and
3 and 5, the pair of factors whose sum is 8. 12, the pair of factors whose sum is 6.
a2 8a 15 (a m)(a n) 72 6w w2 w2 6w 72
(a 3)(a 5) (w m)(w n)
18. Among all pairs of positive factors of 27, choose (w 6)(w 12)
3 and 9, the pair of factors whose sum is 12. 32. 30 13x x2 x2 13x 30
x2 12x 27 (x m)(x n) Among all pairs of factors of 3, choose 2 and
(x 3)(x 9) 15, the pair of factors whose sum is 13.
19. Among all pairs of positive factors of 35, choose 30 13x x2 x2 13x 30
5 and 7, the pair of factors whose sum is 12. (x 2)(x 15)
c2 12c 35 (c m)(c n) 33. a2 5ab 4b2 a2 (5b)a 4b2
(c 5) (c 7) Among all pairs of positive factors of 4b2, choose
20. Among all pairs of positive factors of 30, choose b and 4b, the pair of factors whose sum is 5b.
3 and 10, the pair of factors whose sum is 13. a2 5ab 4b2 a2 (5b)a 4b2
y2 13y 30 ( y m)( y n) (a m)(a n)
( y 3)( y 10) (a b)(a 4b)
21. Among all pairs of negative factors of 21, choose 34. x2 13xy 36y2 x2 (13y)x 36y2
1 and 21, the pair of factors whose sum is 22. Among all pairs of negative factors of 36y2, choose
m2 22m 21 (m p)(m n) 4y and 9y, the pair of factors whose sum is
(m 1)(m 21) 13y.
22. Among all pairs of negative factors of 10, choose x2 13xy 36y2 x2 (13y)x 36y2
2 and 5, the pair of factors whose sum is 7. (x m)(x n)
d2 7d 10 (d m)(d n) (x 4y) (x 9y)
(d 2)(d 5) 35. Factor the expression given for the area.
23. Among all pairs of negative factors of 72, choose area x2 24x 81
8 and 9, the pair of factors whose sum is 17. (x 27)(x 3)
p2 17p 72 ( p m)( p n) Assuming that the factors represent the length
( p 8)( p 9) and width, find the perimeter of the rectangle.
24. Among all pairs of negative factors of 60, choose perimeter 2(x 27) 2(x 3)
4 and 15, the pair of factors whose sum is 19. 2x 54 2x 6
g2 19g 60 ( g m)( g n) 4x 48
( g 4)( g 15) 36. Factor the expression given for the area.
25. Among all pairs of factors of 7, choose 1 and 7, area x2 13x 90
the pair of factors whose sum is 6. (x 18)(x 5)
x2 6x 7 (x m)(x n) Assuming that the factors represent the length
(x 1)(x 7) and width, find the perimeter of the rectangle.
26. Among all pairs of factors of 20, choose 4 and perimeter 2(x 18) 2(x 5)
5, the pair of factors whose sum is 1. 2x 36 2x 10
b2 b 20 (b m)(b n) 4x 26
(b 4)(b 5) Exercises 37–53 For checks, see students’ work.
27. Among all pairs of factors of 40, choose 5 and 37. x2 16x 28 0
8, the pair of factors whose sum is 3. (x 2)(x 14) 0
h2 3h 40 (h m)(h n) x20 or x 14 0
(h 5)(h 8) x 2 x 14
28. Among all pairs of factors of 54, choose 6 and {14, 2}
9, the pair of factors whose sum is 3. 38. b2 20b 36 0
n2 3n 54 (n m)(n p) (b 2)(b 18) 0
(n 6)(n 9) b20 or b 18 0
29. Among all pairs of factors of 42, choose 6 and b 2 b 18
7, the pair of factors whose sum is 1. {18, 2}
y2 y 42 ( y m)( y n) 39. y2 4y 12 0
( y 6)( y 7) ( y 2)( y 6) 0
30. Among all pairs of factors of 40, choose 2 and y 2 0 or y 6 0
20, the pair of factors whose sum is 18. y2 y 6
z2 18z 40 (z m)(z n) {6, 2}
(z 2)(z 20)
Chapter 9 414
40. d2 2d 8 0 50. y2 29y 54
(d 2)(d 4) 0 y2 29y 54 0
d 2 0 or d 4 0 ( y 2)( y 27) 0
d2 d 4 y 2 0 or y 27 0
{4, 2} y2 y 27
41. a2 3a 28 0 {2, 27}
(a 7)(a 4) 0 51. 14p p2 51
a 7 0 or a 4 0 2
p 14p 51 0
a7 a 4 ( p 3)( p 17) 0
{4, 7} p 3 0 or p 17 0
42. g2 4g 45 0 p3 p 17
( g 9)( g 5) 0 {17, 3}
g 9 0 or g 5 0 52. x2 2x 6 74
g9 g 5 2
x 2x 6 74 0
{5, 9} x2 2x 80 0
43. m2 19m 48 0 (x 8)(x 10) 0
(m 3)(m 16) 0 x80 or x 10 0
m 3 0 or m 16 0 x 8 x 10
m3 m 16 {8, 10}
{3, 16} 53. x2 x 56 17x
44. n2 22n 72 0 x 2 x 56 17x 0
(n 4)(n 18) 0 x2 18x 56 0
n 4 0 or n 18 0 (x 4)(x 14) 0
n4 n 18 x 4 0 or x 14 0
{4, 18} x4 x 14
45. z2 18 7z {4, 14}
2
z 7z 18 0
54. To find the number of Justices on the Supreme
(z 2)(z 9) 0
Court, replace h with 36 in the equation and solve
z 2 0 or z 9 0 for n.
z2 z 9 n2 n
{9, 2} h 2
n2 n
46. h2 15 16h 36 2
2
h 16h 15 0 72 n2 n
(h 15) (h 1) 0 0 n2 n 72
h 15 0 or h 1 0 0 (n 9)(n 8)
h 15 h 1 n 9 0 or n 8 0
{15, 1} n9 n 8
47. 24 k2 10k Only 9 is a valid solution since the number of
2
k 10k 24 0 Justices cannot be negative. Thus there are
(k 4)(k 6) 0 9 Justices on the Supreme Court.
k 4 0 or k 6 0 55. Let n be the first integer. Let n 2 be the second
k4 k6 integer.
{4, 6}
n(n 2) 168
48. x2 20 x n2 2n 168
2
x x 20 0 2 2n 168 0
n
(x 4)(x 5) 0 (n 12)(n 14) 0
x40 or x 5 0 n 12 0 or n 14 0
x 4 x5 n 12 n 14
{4, 5}
When n 12, n 2 14.
49. c2 50 23c When n 14, n 2 12.
2 23c 50 0
c
The two consecutive even integers are either
(c 2)(c 25) 0
12 and 14 or 14 and 12.
c 2 0 or c 25 0
c2 c 25
{25, 2}
415 Chapter 9
56. Write an equation for the area of the triangle and 62. Replace the area with 8160 and solve.
solve for h. area w(w 52)
1
area 2 base height 8160 w(w 52)
1 8160 w2 52w
40 2 (2h 6)(h)
0 w2 52w 8160
40 h2 3h 0 (w 68)(w 120)
0 h2 3h 40 w 120 0 or w 68 0
0 (h 5) (h 8) w 120 w 68
h 5 0 or h 8 0 Only 68 is a valid solution since dimensions
h5 h 8 cannot be negative.
Only 5 is a valid solution since the height of the Now find the length of the field.
triangle cannot be negative. Thus, the height of length w 52
the triangle is 5 cm. 68 52
57. List all pairs of factors of 19 and the sums of 120
the pairs. The dimensions of the field are 120 m by 68 m.
Factors of 19 Sum of Factors 63. Answers should include the following.
1, 19 18 • You would use a guess-and-check process,
1, 19 18 listing the factors of 54, checking to see which
k can be 18 or 18. pairs added to 15.
58. List all pairs of factors of 14 and the sums of the • To factor a trinomial of the form x2 ax c,
pairs. you also use a guess-and-check process, list
Factors of 14 Sum of Factors the factors of c, and check to see which ones
1, 14 15 add to a.
1, 14 15 64. C; Of the pairs of factors of 42 shown in the
2, 7 9 choices, only 3 and 14 have a sum of 17.
2, 7 9 So, the answer must be C.
k can be 15, 9, 9, or 15. 65. p2 13p 30 0
59. Because k is positive, m and n must have the ( p 2)( p 15) 0
same sign. Because b 8, m and n must be p20 or p 15 0
negative. p 2 p 15
List all pairs of negative integers whose sum is The positive solution is 15.
8, and list the products of the pairs. 66. No; the graphs of y1 x2 14x 48 and
Addends of 8 Product of Addends y2 (x 6)(x 8) do not coincide. The correct
1, 7 7 factorization is x2 14x 48 (x 6)(x 8).
2, 6 12 67. Yes; the graphs of y1 x2 16x 105 and
3, 5 15 y2 (x 5)(x 21) coincide.
4, 4 16 68. No; the graphs of y1 x2 25x 66 and
k can be 7, 12, 15, or 16. y2 (x 33)(x 2) do not coincide. The correct
60. Because k is positive, m and n must have the factorization is x2 25x 66 (x 22)(x 3).
same sign. Because b 5, m and n must be 69. No; the graphs of y1 x2 11x 210 and
negative. y2 (x 10)(x 21) do not coincide. The correct
List all pairs of negative integers whose sum is factorization is x2 11x 210 (x 10)(x 21).
5, and list the products of the pairs.
Addends of 5 Product of Addends
1, 4 4 Page 494 Maintain Your Skills
2, 3 6 Exercises 70–72 For checks, see students’ work.
k can be either 4 or 6. 70. (x 3)(2x 5) 0
61. area length width x30 or 2x 5 0
(w 52) (w) x 3 2x 5
w(w 52) 5
x2
53, 52 6
The area of the rugby field is [w(w 52)] m2.
71. b(7b 4) 0
b 0 or 7b 4 0
7b 4
4
b7
50, 47 6
Chapter 9 416
72. 5y2 9y 83. 4g2 2g 6g 3 (4g2 2g) (6g 3)
5y2 9y 0 2g(2g 1) 3(2g 1)
y(5y 9) 0 2g(2g 1) 3(1) (2g 1)
y 0 or 5y 9 0 2g(2g 1) (3) (2g 1)
5y 9 (2g 1)(2g 3)
9
y 5
595, 06 9-4 Factoring Trinomials:

73. Factor each monomial and circle the common ax 2 bx c
prime factors.
24 2 2 2 3 Pages 498–499 Check for Understanding
36 2 2 3 3 1. m and n are the factors of ac whose sum is b.
72 2 2 2 3 3 2. Sample answer: 2x2 9x 7. ac 2(7) 14 and
GCF: 2 2 3 or 12 b 9.
74. Factor each monomial and circle the common 2x2 9x 7 2x2 2x 7x 7
prime factors. 2x(x 1) 7(x 1)
9p2q5 3 3 p p q q q q q (x 1)(2x 7)
21p3q3 3 7 p p p q q q 3. Craig; when factoring a trinomial of the form
GCF: 3 p p q q q or 3p2q3 ax2 bx c, where a 1, you must find the
factors of ac, not of c.
prime factors. 4. 3a2 8a 4
30x4y5 2 3 5 x x x x y y y y y Since ac 12 and b 8, make a list of positive
factors of 12 and find the pair whose sum is 8.
20x2y7 2 2 5 x x y y y y y y y
75x3y4 3 5 5 x x x y y y y Factors of 12 Sum of Factors
GCF: 5 x x y y y y or 5x2y4 1, 12 13
2, 6 8
76. Find the change.
3, 4 7
28.2 1.54 26.66
Find the percent using the original number, 1.54,
3a2 8a 4 3a2 ma na 4
as the base.
3a2 2a 6a 4
26.66 r
1.54
100 (3a2 2a) (6a 4)
26.66(100) 1.54(r) a(3a 2) 2(3a 2)
2666 1.54r (3a 2)(a 2)
2666

1.54r 5. 2a2 11a 7
1.54 1.54
Since ac 14 and b 11, make a list of
1731 r
negative factors of 14 and find the pair whose
The percent increase is about 1731%. sum is 11.
77. 1.54 17.31(1.54) 1(1.54) 17.31(1.54) Factors of 14 Sum of Factors
(1 17.31) (1.54)
1, 14 15
or 18.31(1.54)
2, 7 9
78. 3y2 2y 9y 6 (3y2 2y) (9y 6)
There are no factors whose sum is 11.
y(3y 2) 3(3y 2)
So, 2a2 11a 7 is prime.
(3y 2)(y 3)
6. 2p2 14p 24
79. 3a2 2a 12a 8 (3a2 2a) (12a 8)
a(3a 2) 4(3a 2) First factor out the GCF, 2.
(3a 2)(a 4) 2p2 14p 24 2( p2 7p 12)
80. 4x2 3x 8x 6 (4x2 3x) (8x 6) Now factor p2 7p 12. Since the lead
x(4x 3) 2(4x 3) coefficient is 1, find two factors of 12 whose sum
(4x 3)(x 2) is 7. The correct factors are 3 and 4.
81. 2p2 6p 7p 21 (2p2 6p) (7p 21) So, p2 7p 12 ( p 3)( p 4).
2p(p 3) 7(p 3) Thus, 2p2 14p 24 2( p 3)( p 4).
(p 3) (2p 7)
82. 3b2 7b 12b 28 (3b 2 7b) (12b 28)
b(3b 7) 4(3b 7)
b(3b 7) 4(1) (3b 7)
b(3b 7) (4) (3b 7)
(3b 7) (b 4)
417 Chapter 9
7. 2x2 13x 20 10. 3x2 11x 6 0
Since ac 40 and b 13, make a list of positive (3x 2)(x 3) 0
factors of 40 find the pair whose sum is 13. 3x 2 0 or x 3 0
Factors of 40 Sum of Factors 3x 2 x 3
2
x 3
5 6
1, 40 41
2, 20 22 The solution set is 3, 3 .
2
4, 10 14
5, 8 13 Check:
3x2 11x 6 0 3x2 11x 6 0
1 2 1 2
2 2 ? ?
2x2 13x 20 2x2 mx nx 20 3 3 2 11 3 # 6 0 3(3) 2 11(3) 6 0
2x2 5x 8x 20
149 2 223 6 0
? ?
3 3(9) 33 6 0
(2x2 5x) (8x 20)
4 22 18 ? ?
x(2x 5) 4(2x 5) 3
3
3
0 27 33 6 0
(2x 5)(x 4) 18
3
18 ?
0 6 6 0
?
3
8. 6x2 15x 9
00✓ 00✓
First factor out the GCF, 3. 2
11. 10p 19p 7 0
6x2 15x 9 3(2x2 5x 3)
(5p 7)(2p 1) 0
Now factor 2x2 5x 3. Since ac 6 and
5p 7 0 or 2p 1 0
b 5, make a list of the factors of 6 and find
5p 7 2p 1
the pair whose sum is 5. 7 1
p5 p2
512, 75 6.
1, 6 5 The solution set is
1, 6 5 Check:
2, 3 1
10p2 19p 7 0 10p2 19p 7 0
112 22 19112 2 7 0 175 22 19175 2 7 0

2, 3 1
? ?
The correct factors are 1 and 6. 10 10
2x2 5x 3 2x2 mx nx 3 10 1 4 2 2 7 0 10 1 25 2 5 7 0
1 19 ? 49 133 ?
2x2 x 6x 3
5 19 14 ? 98 133 35 ?
(2x2 x) (6x 3) 2
2
2
0 5
5
5
0
x(2x 1) 3(2x 1) 14 14 ? 35 35 ?
2 0 5 0
(2x 1)(x 3) 2 5
Thus, 6x2 15x 9 3(2x 1)(x 3). 00✓ 00✓

12. 6n2 7n 20
9. Factor 4n2 4n 35.
6n2 7n 20 0
Since ac 140 and b 4, make a list of the
(3n 4)(2n 5) 0
pairs of factors of 140 and find the pair whose
sum is 4. 3n 4 0 or 2n 5 0
3n 4 2n 5
Factors of 140 Sum of Factors 4 5
n3 n 2
5 6
1, 140 139
1, 140 139 The solution set is 2, 3 .
5 4
2, 70 68
Check:
2, 70 68
6n2 7n 20 6n2 7n 20
1 2 1 2 143 22 7143 2 20
4, 35 31
4, 5 5 ? ?
35 31 6 2 2 7 2 20 6
1254 2 352 20 6 1 9 2 3 20
5, 28 23 ? 16 28 ?
5, 28 23 6
7, 20 13 75 35 ? 32 28 ?
20 20
7, 20 13 2 2 3 3
40 ? 60 ?
10, 14 4 2
20 3
20
10, 14 4 20 20 ✓ 20 20 ✓
4n2 4n 35 4n2 mn pn 35
4n2 10n 14n 35
(4n2 10n) (14n 35)
2n(2n 5) 7(2n 5)
(2n 5) (2n 7)
Chapter 9 418
13. Use the model for vertical motion with h 0, 21. Among all pairs of factors of 40, choose 5 and
v 8, and s 8. 8, the pair of factors whose sum is 3.
h 16t2 vt s 2x2 3x 20 2x2 5x 8x 20
0 16t2 8t 8 (2x2 5x) (8x 20)
0 8(2t2 t 1) x(2x 5) 4(2x 5)
0 8(2t 1) (t 1) (2x 5)(x 4)
2t 1 0 or t 1 0 22. Among all pairs of negative factors of 70, choose
2t 1 t1 10 and 7, the pair of factors whose sum is 17.
t 2
1
5c2 17c 14 5c2 10c 7c 14
1
Only 1 is a valid solution since 2 represents a (5c2 10c) (7c 14)
5c(c 2) 7(c 2)
time before the vault was made. Thus the
(c 2)(5c 7)
gymnast’s feet reach the mat in 1 s.
23. Among all negative factors of 48, there are no
pairs whose sum is 25.
Thus, 3p2 25p 16 is prime.
14. Among all positive pairs of factors of 10, choose 24. Among all pairs of factors of 72, choose 12 and
2x2 7x 5 2x2 2x 5x 5 8y2 6y 9 8y2 12y 6y 9
(2x2 2x) (5x 5) (8y2 12y) (6y 9)
2x(x 1) 5(x 1) 4y(2y 3) 3(2y 3)
(x 1)(2x 5) (2y 3)(4y 3)
15. Among all pairs of positive factors of 6, choose 25. Among all pairs of factors of 60, choose 15 and
3x2 5x 2 3x2 2x 3x 2 10n2 11n 6 10n2 15n 4n 6
(3x2 2x) (3x 2) (10n2 15n) (4n 6)
x(3x 2) 1(3x 2) 5n(2n 3) 2(2n 3)
(3x 2)(x 1) (2n 3)(5n 2)
16. Among all pairs of factors of 36, choose 4 and 26. Among all pairs of factors of 270, choose 10
9, the pair of factors whose sum is 5. and 27, the pair whose sum is 17.
6p2 5p 6 6p2 4p 9p 6 15z2 17z 18 15z2 10z 27z 18
2p(3p 2) 3(3p 2) (15z2 10z) (27z 18)
(3p 2)(2p 3) 5z(3z 2) 9(3z 2)
17. Among all pairs of factors of 40, choose 4 and (3z 2) (5z 9)
10, the pair of factors whose sum is 6. 27. Among all pairs of factors of 168, choose 8 and
5d2 6d 8 5d2 4d 10d 8 21, the pair whose sum is 13.
d(5d 4) 2(5d 4) 14x2 13x 12 14x2 8x 21x 12
(5d 4)(d 2) (14x2 8x) (21x 12)
18. Among all pairs of negative factors of 72, there 2x(7x 4) 3(7x 4)
are no pairs whose sum is 19. (7x 4) (2x 3)
Thus, 8k2 19k 9 is prime. 28. First factor out the GCF, 2.
19. Among all pairs of negative factors of 36, choose 6r2 14r 12 2(3r2 7r 6)
6 and 6, the pair of factors whose sum is 12. Now factor 3r2 7r 6. Among all pairs of factors
9g2 12g 4 9g2 6g 6g 4 of 18, choose 9 and 2, the pair whose sum is 7.
(9g2 6g) (6g 4) 3r2 7r 6 3r2 9r 2r 6
3g(3g 2) 2(3g 2) 3r(r 3) 2(r 3)
3g(3g 2) 2(1)(3g 2) (r 3)(3r 2)
3g(3g 2) 2(3g 2) Thus, 6r2 14r 12 2(r 3)(3r 2) .
(3g 2) (3g 2) or (3g 2) 2 29. First factor out the GCF, 5.
20. Among all pairs of factors of 36, choose 3 and 30x2 25x 30 5(6x2 5x 6)
12, the pair of factors whose sum is 9. Now factor 6x2 5x 6. Among all pairs of factors
2a2 9a 18 2a2 12a 3a 18 of 36, choose 9 and 4, the pair whose sum is 5.
(2a2 12a) (3a 18) 6x2 5x 6 6x2 9x 4x 6
2a(a 6) 3(a 6) 3x(2x 3) 2(2x 3)
(a 6)(2a 3) (2x 3)(3x 2)
Thus, 30x2 25x 30 5(2x 3)(3x 2).
419 Chapter 9
30. 9x2 30xy 25y2 9x2 (30y)x (25y2 ) Exercises 35–48 For checks, see students’ work.
Among all pairs of positive factors of 225y2, choose 35. 5x2 27x 10 0
15y and 15y, the pair of factors whose sum is 30y. (5x 2)(x 5) 0
9x2 30xy 25y2 9x2 (30y)x 25y2 5x 2 0 or x 5 0
9x2 15yx 15yx 25y2 5x 2 x 5
2
(9x2 15yx) (15yx 25y2 ) x 5
3x(3x 5y) 5y(3x 5y)
(3x 5y)(3x 5y) or
55, 25 6
(3x 5y) 2 36. 3x2 5x 12 0
31. 36a 9ab 10b 36a2 (9b)a (10b2 )
2 2 (3x 4)(x 3) 0
Among all pairs of positive factors of 360b2, choose 3x 4 0 or x 3 0
15b and 24b, the pair of factors whose sum is 9b. 3x 4 x3
4
36a2 9ab 10b2 x 3
36a2 9ba 10b2
36a2 15ba 24ba 10b2
543, 36
(36a2 15ba) (24ba 10b2 ) 37. 24x2 11x 3 3x
3a(12a 5b) 2b(12a 5b) 24x2 14x 3 0
(12a 5b) (3a 2b) (4x 3)(6x 1) 0
32. List all factors of 24 and the sums of the pairs of 4x 3 0 or 6x 1 0
factors. 4x 3 6x 1
3 1
Factors of 24 Sum of Factors x4 x 6
1, 24
1, 24
25
25
516, 34 6
2, 12 14 38. 17x2 11x 2 2x2
2, 12 14 15x2 11x 2 0
3, 8 11 (5x 2)(3x 1) 0
3, 8 11 5x 2 0 or 3x 1 0
4, 6 10 5x 2 3x 1
4, 6 10 2 1
x5 x3
513, 25 6
The possible values for k are
25,
14,
11,
and
10.
33. List all factors of 30 and the sums of the pairs of 39. 14n2 25n 25
factors. 14n2 25n 25 0
Factors of 30 Sum of Factors (7n 5)(2n 5) 0
1, 30 31 7n 5 0 or 2n 5 0
1, 30 31 7n 5 2n 5
2, 15 17 n 7
5
n2
5
557, 52 6
2, 15 17
3, 10 13
3, 10 13
40. 12a2 13a 35
5, 6 11 2
12a 13a 35 0
5, 6 11
(4a 5)(3a 7) 0
The possible values for k are
31,
17,
13,
4a 5 0 or 3a 7 0
and
11.
4a 5 3a 7
34. Because ac 2k is positive and b 12 is positive, 5 7
a 4 a3
554, 73 6
m and n must both be positive and mn must be
even. List all pairs of positive numbers whose
sum is 12 and list the products of the pairs.
Possible values for 2k will be the even products. 41. 6x2 14x 12
2
6x 14x 12 0
Addends of 12 Product of Addends 2(3x2 7x 6) 0
1, 11 11 3x2 7x 6 0
2, 10 20 (even) (3x 2)(x 3) 0
3, 9 27
3x 2 0 or x 3 0
4, 8 32 (even)
3x 2 x3
5, 7 35 2
x 3
523, 36
6, 6 36 (even)
The possible values of 2k are 20, 32, and 36.
Thus, the possible values of k are 10, 16, and 18.
Chapter 9 420
42. 21x2 6 15x 48. (4a 1)(a 2) 7a 5
2
21x 15x 6 0 4a2 8a a 2 7a 5
3(7x2 5x 2) 0 4a2 9a 2 7a 5
7x2 5x 2 0 4a2 16a 7 0
(7x 2)(x 1) 0 (2a 7)(2a 1) 0
7x 2 0 or x 1 0 2a 7 0 or 2a 1 0
7x 2 x1 2a 7 2a 1
7 1
x 7
2 a2 a2
527, 16 512, 72 6
43. 24x2 30x 8 2x 49. Write an equation for the area of the smaller
24x2 28x 8 0 rectangle and solve for x.
4(6x2 7x 2) 0 (9 2x)(7 2x) 35
6x2 7x 2 0 63 18x 14x 4x2 35
(3x 2)(2x 1) 0 4x2 32x 63 35
3x 2 0 or 2x 1 0 4x2 32x 28 0
3x 2 2x 1 4(x2 8x 7) 0
x3
2 1
x2 4(x 7)(x 1) 0
512, 23 6
x 7 0 or x 1 0
x7 x1
44. 24x2 46x 18 If x 7, the dimensions of the smaller rectangle
2 would be negative. Thus, the width of each strip
24x 46x 18 0
is 1 inch.
2(12x2 23x 9) 0
50. The dimensions of the new rectangle are (7 2) in.
12x2 23x 9 0
by (9 2) in. or 5 in. by 7 in.
(3x 1) (4x 9) 0
51. Use the model for vertical motion with h 0,
3x 1 0 or 4x 9 0
v 8, and s 80.
3x 1 4x 9
1 9 h 16t2 vt s
x 3 x4
513, 94 6
0 16t2 8t 80
0 8(2t2 t 10)
x2 2x 0 8(2t 5) (t 2)
45. 40
1 2
12 3 2t 5 0 or t 2 0
x2 2x 2t 5 t 2
12 12
3
4 12(0)
5
x2
8x 48 0 t2
(x 12) (x 4) 0 The negative value represents a time before the
x 12 0 or x 4 0 diver leaps. The diver will enter the water after
5
x 12 x 4 2
or 2.5 seconds.
{4, 12} 52. Use the model for vertical motion with h 30,
46. t2 6
t 35 v 56, and s 6.
1 2 1356 2
6
t h 16t2 vt s
6 t2 6 6 30 16t2 56t 6
6t2 t 35 0 16t2 56t 24
2
6t t 35 0 0 8(2t2 7t 3)
(3t 7) (2t 5) 0 0 8(2t 1)(t 3)
3t 7 0 or 2t 5 0 2t 1 0 or t 3 0
3t 7 2t 5 2t 1 t3
7 5 1
t 3 t2 t2
573, 52 6 1
The first time, t 2, represents how long it takes
47. (3y 2) (y 3) y 14 the hook to reach a height of 30 feet on its way
up. The second time, t 3, represents the time
3y2 9y 2y 6 y 14
the hook anchors on the ledge on its way down.
3y2 11y 6 y 14
Thus, the hook is in the air for 3 seconds.
3y2 10y 8 0
(3y 2) ( y 4) 0
3y 2 0 or y 4 0
3y 2 y 4
2
y3
54, 23 6
421 Chapter 9
53. Answers should include the following. 60. (2k 9) (3k 2) 0

• 2x 3 by x 2 2k 9 0 or 3k 2 0
• With algebra tiles, you can try various ways to 2k 9 3k 2
9 2
make a rectangle with the necessary tiles. k 2 k 3
592, 23 6
Once you make the rectangle, however, the
dimensions of the rectangle are the factors of
the polynomial. In a way, you have to go 61. 12u u2
through the guess-and-check process whether 0 u2 12u
you are factoring algebraically or 0 u(u 12)
geometrically (using algebra tiles.) u 0 or u 12 0
Guess: (2x 1)(x 3) u 12
The guess is incorrect because one more x tile is {0, 12}
needed to complete the rectangle. 62. Two points are (2, 83) and (5, 185). Find the slope.
y2 y1
2 2
mx x1
x x x x x x x 2
185 83
5 2
102
2 2
3
or 34
x x x x x x x
x x y mx b
1 1 1 1 1
83 34(2) b
1 1 1 x 1 1
83 68 b
x 1 1
15 b
54. D; Write the equation.
2p2 p 3 0 y mx b
(2p 3)(p 1) 0 y 34x 15
2p 3 0 or p10 63. 42 16 S 116 4
2p 3 p 1
64. 72 49 S 149 7
3
p2 65. 62 36 S 136 6
55. B; Solve the equation for h 338. 66. 52 25 S 125 5
h 16t2 48t 402 67. 102 100 S 1100 10
338 16t2 48t 402 68. 112 121 S 1121 11
0 16t2 48t 64 69. 132 169 S 1169 13
0 16(t2 3t 4) 70. 152 225 S 1225 15
0 16(t 1)(t 4)
t10 or t 4 0
t 1 t4
Choose the positive solution. The ball will be
1. Among all pairs of factors of 72, choose 4 and
338 feet from the ground after 4 seconds.
18, the pair of factors whose sum is 14.
x2 14x 72 (x 4)(x 18)
2. Among all pairs of factors of 280, choose 20
56. Among all pairs of factors of 21, choose 3 and
and 14, the pair whose sum is 6.
7, the pair of factors whose sum is 4.
8p2 6p 35 8p2 20p 14p 35
a2 4a 21 (a m)(a n)
(8p2 20p) (14p 35)
(a 3)(a 7)
4p(2p 5) 7(2p 5)
57. Among all pairs of positive factors of 2, there is no
(2p 5) (4p 7)
pair of factors whose sum is 2. Thus, t2 2t 2
is prime. 3. Among all pairs of negative factors of 80, choose
4 and 20, the pair of factors whose sum
58. Among all pairs of factors of 44, choose 4 and 11,
is 24.
the pair of factors whose sum is 15.
16a2 24a 5 16a2 4a 20a 5
d2 15d 44 (d m)(d n)
(16a2 4a) (20a 5)
(d 4)(d 11)
4a(4a 1) 5(4a 1)
(4a 1) (4a 5)
59. (y 4)(5y 7) 0
4. Among all pairs of negative factors of 52, choose
y 4 0 or 5y 7 0
4 and 13, the pair of factors whose sum
y4 5y 7
is 17.
7
y 5 n2 17n 52 (n 4)(n 13)
575, 46
Chapter 9 422
5. First factor out the GCF, 2. 10. 6a2 25a 14

24c2 62c 18 2(12c2 31c 9) 2
6a 25a 14 0
Now factor 12c2 31c 9. Among all pairs of (3a 2)(2a 7) 0
positive factors of 108, choose 4 and 27, the pair 3a 2 0 or 2a 7 0
whose sum is 31. 3a 2 2a 7
12c2 31c 9 12c2 4c 27c 9 a3
2
a2
7
523, 72 6
4c(3c 1) 9(3c 1)
(3c 1)(4c 9)
Thus, 24c2 62c 18 2(3c 1)(4c 9). Check:
12 12 12 12
6. First factor out the GCF, 3. 6a2 25a 14 6a2 25a 14
2 ? 2 7 ? 7
3y2 33y 54 3(y2 11y 18) 6 3 2 25 3 14 6 2 2 25 2 14
Now factor y2 11y 18. Since the lead 619 2 3 3 61 4 2 2 2
4 ? 50 42 49 ? 175 28
coefficient is 1, find two factors of 18 whose sum
8 8 147 147
is 11. The correct factors are 2 and 9. 3
3 ✓ 2
2
✓
So, y2 11y 18 (y 2)( y 9).
Thus, 3y2 33y 54 3(y 2)( y 9).
7. b2 14b 32 0 9-5 Factoring Differences of Squares
(b 2)(b 16) 0
b 2 0 or b 16 0
b2 b 16 Page 501 Algebra Activity
{16, 2} 1. (a b)(a b)
Check: 2. Since a2 b2 and (a b)(a b) describe the
b2 14b 32 0 b2 14b 32 0 same area, a2 b2 (a b)(a b).
2 ? 2 ?
(16) (14)(16) 32 0 (2) 14(2) 32 0
? ?
256 224 32 0 4 28 32 0
? ?
32 32 0 32 32 0 Pages 504–505 Check for Understanding
00 ✓ 00 ✓ 1. The binomial is the difference of two terms, each
8. x2 45 18x of which is a perfect square.
2
x 45 18x 0 2. Sample answer: x2 25 x2 52
x2 18x 45 0 (x 5)(x 5)
(x 3)(x 15) 0 3. Yes, you can use the differences of squares pattern
x 3 0 or x 15 0 to factor 3n2 48 after you factor out the GCF.
x3 x 15 3n2 48 3(n2 16)
{3, 15}
3(n2 42 )
Check: 3(n 4) (n 4)
x2 45 18x x2 45 18x 4. Manuel; 4x2 y2 is not the difference of squares.
2 ? ?
(3) 45 18(3) (15) 2 45 18(15) 5. n2 81 n2 92
? ?
9 45 54 225 45 270 (n 9) (n 9)
54 54 ✓ 270 270 ✓ 6. 4 9a2 22 (3a) 2
9. 12y2 7y 12 0 (2 3a) (2 3a)
(4y 3)(3y 4) 0 7. 2x5 98x3 2x3 (x2 49)
4y 3 0 or 3y 4 0 2x3 (x2 72 )
4y 3 3y 4
2x3 (x 7) (x 7)
3 4
y 4 y3 4 2y4 2(16x4 y4 )
534, 43 6
8. 32x
2[ (4x2 ) 2 (y2 ) 2 ]
2(4x2 y2 ) (4x2 y2 )
Check:
2(4x2 y2 ) [ (2x) 2 y2 ]
12y2 7y 12 0 12y2 7y 12 0
1 2 1 2 143 22 7143 2 12 0
? ?
2(4x2 y2 ) (2x y) (2x y)
3 3
12 4 2 7 4 12 0 12 9. 4t 2 27 is not the difference of perfect squares,
1169 2 214 484 0 12 1 9 2 3 3 0 and 4t2 and 27 have no common factors. Thus
? 16 28 36 ?
12
4t2 27 is prime.
27 21 48 ? 64 28 36 ?
4
4
4
0 3
3
3
0 10. x3 3x2 9x 27 (x3 3x2 ) (9x 27)
00 ✓ 00 ✓ x2 (x 3) 9(x 3)
(x 3) (x2 9)
(x 3) (x2 32 )
(x 3) (x 3) (x 3)
(x 3) (x 3) (x 3)
or (x 3) (x 3) 2
423 Chapter 9
11. 4y2 25 Check:

2
4y 25 0 121a 49a3 121a 49a3
(2y) 2 52 0
1 2 1 2
? 11 ? 11
121(0) 49(0) 3 121 7 49 7 3
49 1 49 7 2
(2y 5)(2y 5) 0
? 1331 ?
2y 5 0 or 2y 5 0 0 49(0) 7
1331
2y 5 2y 5 ? 1331 ? 1331
5 5 00 ✓ ✓
y 2 y2 7 7
5 6
121a 49a3
1117 2 491117 23
5 5
The solution set is 2, 2 . ?
121
49 1 49 7 2
Check:
1331 ? 1331
4y2 25 4y2 25
1 2 25 152 22 25
7
1331 1331
4
5 ?
2 2 4
?
7
7
✓
4 1 4 2 25 4 1 4 2 25
25 ? 25 ? 15. The area of the square is x x or x2 square inches,
1 1
and the area of the triangle is 2 x x or 2x2
25 25 ✓ 25 25 ✓ square inches. Thus, the area of the shaded
20
12. 17 68k 1 1
region is x2 2x2 or 2x2 square inches.
17(1 4k2 ) 0 1 2
x 72
1 2 2(72)
17 [12 (2k) 2 ] 0 2
17(1 2k)(1 2k) 0 2
1 2
x
2
1 2k 0 or 1 2k 0
x2 144
2k 1 2k 1 2
1 1 x 144 0
k 2 k2 (x 12)(x 12) 0
The solution set is 2, 2 . 5 1 1
6 x 12 0
x 12
or x 12 0
x 12
Check:
Since length cannot be negative, the only reasonable
17 68k2 0 17 68k2 0
1 2 112 22 0
solution is 12. The square is 12 in. by 12 in.
1 ? ?
17 68 2 2 0 17 68
17 68 1 4 2 0 17 68 1 4 2 0
1 ? 1 ?
? ? 16. x2 49 x2 72
17 17 0 17 17 0 (x 7)(x 7)
00 ✓ 00 ✓
1
17. n2 36 n2 62
13. x2 36 0 (n 6)(n 6)
x2 116 22 0 18. 81 16k2 is prime.
1x 16 21x 16 2 0
19. 25 4p2 52 (2p) 2
(5 2p) (5 2p)
x60
1
or x60
1
20. 16 49h2 49h2 16
1 1 (7h) 2 42
x 6 x6
(7h 4) (7h 4)
The solution set is 6, 6 . 5 1 1
6 21. 9r2 121 121 9r2
112 (3r) 2
Check:
1 1
(11 3r) (11 3r)
x2 36 0 x2 36 0
116 22 361 0 116 22 361 0

22. 100c2 d2 (10c) 2 d2
? ?
(10c d) (10c d)
1 1 ? 1 1 ? 23. 9x2 10y2 prime
36 0 36 0
36 36
24. 144a2 49b2 (12a) 2 (7b) 2
00 ✓ 00 ✓ (12a 7b) (12a 7b)
14. 121a 49a3 25. 169y 36z (13y) 2 (6z) 2
2 2
49a3 121a 0 (13y 6z) (13y 6z)

a(49a2 121) 0 26. 8d2 18 2(4d2 9)
2 2
a[ (7a) 11 ] 0 2[ (2d) 2 32 ]
a(7a 11) (7a 11) 0 2(2d 3) (2d 3)
a 0 or 7a 11 0 or 7a 11 0 27. 3x2 75 3(x2 25)
a0 7a 11 7a 11 3(x2 52 )
11 11
a 7 a 3(x 5) (x 5)
5 6
7
The solution set is 7 , 0,

11 11 28. 8z2 64 8(z2 8)
7
29. 4g2 50 2(2g2 25)
Chapter 9 424
30. 18a4 72a2 18a2 (a2 4) 39.

81
p2 0
1 2 p2 0
100
18a2 (a2 22 ) 9 2
18a2 (a 2) (a 2)
1109 p21109 p2 0
10
31. 20x3 45xy2 5x(4x2 9y2 )

5x[ (2x) 2 (3y) 2 ] 9 9
p0 or p0
5x(2x 3y)(2x 3y) 10 10
9 9
32. n3 5n2 4n 20 p 10 p 10
(n3 5n2 ) (4n 20) 9
p 10
5 109 6
n2 (n 5) (4)(n 5)
(n 5)(n2 4)
(n 5)(n2 22 ) 40.
1
36 9r2 0
13r 22 0
(n 5)(n 2)(n 2)
33. (a b) 2 c2 [ (a b) c ] [ (a b) c ] 62
(a b c) (a b c)
16 3r 2 16 3r 2 0
r r
630 or 630
34. 25x2 36
r r
25x 2 36 0
3
6 3 6
(5x) 2 62 0 r 18 r 18
(5x 6)(5x 6) 0
5x 6 0 or 5x 6 0
5 186
1 2
5x 6 5x 6 41. x 25 0
1 2
4
6 6
x 5 x 1 2
x 520
5 6
5
112x 52112x 52 0
2
6
5
35. 9y2 64 1
x 50 or
1
x 50
9y2 64 0 2
1
2
1
(3y) 2 82 0 2
x 5 2
x 5
(3y 8)(3y 8) 0 x 10 x 10
3y 8 0 or 3y 8 0 {10}
3y 8 3y 8
42. 12d3 147d 0
8 8
y 3 y3 3d(4d2 49) 0
5 83 6 3d(2d 7) (2d 7) 0
3d 0 or 2d 7 0 or 2d 7 0
36. 12 27n2 0 d0 2d 7 2d 7
3(4 9n2 ) 0 7 7
d 2 d2
572, 0, 72 6
3 [22 (3n) 2 ] 0
3(2 3n)(2 3n) 0
2 3n 0 or 2 3n 0 43. 18n3 50n 0
3n 2 3n 2
2n(9n2 25) 0
2 2
n 3 n3 2n(3n 5) (3n 5) 0
5 23 6 2n 0 or 3n 5 0
n0 3n 5
or 3n 5 0
3n 5
37. 50 8a2 0 5 5
n 3 n3
553, 0, 53 6
2(25 4a2 ) 0
2 [52 (2a) 2 ] 0
2(5 2a)(5 2a) 0 44. x3 4x 12 3x2
5 2a 0 or 5 2a 0 x 4x 12 3x2 0
3
2a 5 2a 5
x3 3x2 4x 12 0
5 5
a 2 a2 (x 3x2 ) (4x 12) 0
3
38.
4
w2 49 0 x2 (x 3) 4(x 3) 0
127 22 0
(x 3) (x2 4) 0
w2 (x 3) (x 2) (x 2) 0
1w 27 21w 27 2 0 x30
x 3
or x 2 0
x 2
or x 2 0
x2
2 2
w70 or w70 {3, 2, 2}
2 2
w 7 w7
5 27 6
425 Chapter 9
45. 36x 16x3 9x2 4x4 Since length cannot be negative, the only
4x 4
16x3
9x2 36x 0 reasonable solution is 3. The box is 3 in. by 12 in.
3 2
x(4x 16x 9x 36) 0 by 2 in.
x [ (4x3 16x2 ) (9x 36) ] 0 51. The flaw is in line 5. Since a b, a b 0.
x [4x2 (x 4) 9(x 4) ] 0 Therefore, dividing by a b is dividing by zero,
which is undefined.
x [ (x 4)(4x2 9) ] 0
x(x 4) (2x 3)(2x 3) 0 52. Answers should include the following:
x 0 or x 4 0 or 2x 3 0 or 2x 3 0 • 1 foot
x4 2x 3 2x 3 • To find the hang time of a student athlete who
3 3 attains a maximum height of 1 foot, solve the
x 2 x2
532, 0, 32, 46
equation 4t2 1 0. You can factor the left
side using the difference of squares pattern
since 4t2 is the square of 2t and 1 is the
46. Use factoring by grouping.
square of 1. Thus the equation becomes
a2 b2 a2 ab ab b2 (2t 1)(2t 1) 0. Using the Zero Product
(a2 ab) (ab b2 ) Property, each factor can be set equal to zero,
a(a b) b(a b) 1
resulting in two solutions, t 2 and t 2.
1
(a b)(a b) Since time cannot be negative, the hang time

1
47. Replace b with 3600 in the equation and solve for c. is 2 second.
900c2 b 53. A; 25b2 1 (5b) 2 1
900c2 3600 (5b 1) (5b 1)
2
900c 3600 0 (5b 1) (5b 1)
900(c2 4) 0 54. Let x represent the length of a side of the larger
900(c 2) (c 2) 0 square. Then the perimeter of the larger square is
c20 or c 2 0 4x in., and the perimeter of the smaller square is
c 2 c2 68 4x in. Thus, the length of a side of the
1
Since circumference cannot be negative, the only smaller square is 4 (68 4x) or 17 x in.
reasonable solution is 2 in. Write an equation for the area between the two
1 1
48. p 2dv2 2dv2 squares.
1 2
1 2
1 x2 (17 x) 2 17
2d v21 v22
x (17 2(17)(x) x2 ) 17
2 2
1
2d(v v )(v v ) x2 (289 34x x2 ) 17
1 2 1 2
49. Replace d with 54 in the equation and solve for s. x2 289 34x x2 17
1 2 34x 289 17
s d
24 34x 306
1 2
s 54 x9
1 2 24(54)
24
1 2 The length of a side of the larger square is 9 in.
24 24
s
2
s 1296
s2 1296 0 Page 506 Maintain Your Skills
s2 362 0 55. Among all pairs of positive factors of 14, there are
(s 36) (s 36) 0 no pairs whose sum is 5. Thus, 2n2 5n 7 is
s 36 0 or s 36 0 prime.
s 36 s 36 56. Among all pairs of negative factors of 24, choose
Since speed cannot be negative, the only 3 and 8, the pair whose sum is 11.
reasonable answer is 36. The car that left the 6x2 11x 4 6x2 3x 8x 4
54-foot skid marks was traveling approximately 3x(2x 1) 4(2x 1)
36 mph when the brakes were applied. (2x 1) (3x 4)
50. The volume of the box is x(x 9)(x 1). 57. Among all pairs of factors of 210, choose 6 and
x(x 9) (x 1) 72 35, the pair whose sum is 29.
x(x2 x 9x 9) 72 21p2 29p 10 21p2 6p 35p 10
x(x2 8x 9) 72 3p(7p 2) 5(7p 2)
3 8x2 9x 72 0
x (7p 2) (3p 5)
x2 (x 8) 9(x 8) 0 Exercises 58–60 For checks, see students’ work.
(x 8)(x2 9) 0 58. y2 18y 32 0
(x 8)(x 3) (x 3) 0 ( y 2)( y 16) 0
x80 or x 3 0 or x 3 0 y20 or y 16 0
x 8 x 3 x3 y 2 y 16
{16, 2}
Chapter 9 426
59. k2 8k 15 Page 507 Reading Mathematics

2
k 8k 15 0 1. (1) explains how to factor a perfect square
(k 3)(k 5) 0 trinomial; (2) summarizes methods used to factor
k 3 0 or k 5 0 polynomials; (3) explains how to solve equations
k3 k5 involving perfect squares using the Square Root
{3, 5} Property
60. b2 8 2b 2. GCF, perfect square trinomial; x2 bx c,
b 2 8 2b 0 ax2 bx c
b2 2b 8 0 3. a greatest common factor
(b 2)(b 4) 0 4. For any number n, where n is positive, the square
b20 or b 4 0 of x equals n, then x equals plus or minus the
b 2 b4 square root of n. This property can be applied to
{2, 4} the equation (a 4)2 49 since the variable
61. Let x represent Amy’s score on the fourth biology x a 4 and n 49 in the equation x2 n.
test. Her average must be between 88 and 92,
inclusive.
88 90 91 x
88 4
92 9-6 Perfect Squares and Factoring
269 x
88 4
92
269 x 269 x
88 and 92 Page 512 Check for Understanding
1 2 1 2 4(92)
4 4
4(88) 4
269 x
4
269 x 1. Determine if the first term is a perfect square.
4 4 Then determine if the last term is a perfect
352 269 x 269 x 368 square. Finally, check to see if the middle term is
83 x x 99 equal to twice the product of the square roots of
83 x 99 the first and last terms.
Her test score must be between 83 and 99, inclusive. 2. Never; (a b)2 a2 2ab b2
Exercises 62–64 For checks, see students’ work. 3. Sample answer: x3 5x2 4x 20
62. 6 3d 12 x3 5x2 4x 20 x2 (x 5) 4(x 5)
18 3d
(x 5) (x2 4)
6d
(x 5) (x 2) (x 2)
4. Yes;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
The first term is a perfect square: y2.
63. 5 10r 7 2 The last term is a perfect square: 42.
10r 7 7 The middle term is 2(y)(4) or 8y.
7
r 7 10 y2 8y 16 y2 2(y) (4) 42
(y 4) 2
4 6 8 1 12 14 5. No; the last term, 10, is not a perfect square.
10 10 10 10 10
6. 2x2 18 2(x2 9)
64. 13x 3 6 23 7. c2 5c 6 (c 3) (c 2)
13x 6 26
8. 5a3 80a 5a(a2 16)
x 6 2
5a(a 4) (a 4)
9. 8x 18x 35 8x2 28x 10x 35
2
6 4 2 0 2 4
4x(2x 7) 5(2x 7)
65. (x 1)(x 1) (x 1) 2 (2x 7) (4x 5)
x2 2x(1) 12 10. There is no pair of factors of 36 whose sum is 12.
x2 2x 1 9g2 12g 4 is prime.
66. (x 6)(x 6) (x 6) 2 11. 3m3 2m2n 12m 8n
x2 2x(6) 62 m2 (3m 2n) 4(3m 2n)
x2 12x 36 (3m 2n) (m2 4)
67. (x 8) 2 x2 2x(8) 82 (3m 2n) (m 2) (m 2)
x2 16x 64
68. (3x 4) (3x 4) (3x 4) 2
(3x) 2 2(3x)(4) 42
9x2 24x 16
69. (5x 2) (5x) 2(5x)(2) 22
2 2
25x2 20x 4
70. (7x 3) 2 (7x) 2 2(7x)(3) 32
49x2 42x 9
427 Chapter 9
12. 4y2 24y 36 0 Ignore the negative solution. It took about

4(y2 6y 9) 0 3.35 seconds for the objects to hit the ground.
2 2(y)(3) 32 ] 0
4[ y
4(y 3) 2 0
y30 Pages 512–514 Practice and Apply
y 3 17. No; the middle term is not 2(x)(9).
{3} 18. Yes;
Check: 4y2 24y 36 0 The first term is a perfect square: a2.
?
4(3) 2 24(3) 36 0 The third term is a perfect square: 122.
? The middle term is 2(a)(12).
36 72 36 0
a2 24a 144 a2 2(a) (12) 122
00 ✓
(a 12) 2
13. 3n2 48
19. Yes;
3n2 48 0
The first term is a perfect square: (2y)2.
3(n2 16) 0
The third term is a perfect square: 112.
3(n 4)(n 4) 0
The middle term is 2(2y)(11).
n40 or n 4 0
n 4 n4 4y2 44y 121 (2y) 2 2(2y)(11) 112
{4, 4} (2y 11) 2
Check: 20. No; the first term, 2c2, is not a perfect square.
3n2 48 3n2 48 21. 9n2 49 42n 9n2 42n 49
?
2 ? Yes;
3(4) 48 3(4) 2 48
48 48 ✓ 48 48 ✓ The first term is a perfect square: (3n)2.
The third term is a perfect square: 72.
14. a2 6a 9 16
The middle term is 2(3n)(7).
a2 2(a) (3) 32 16
9n2 42n 49 (3n) 2 2(3n) (7) 72
(a 3) 2 16
(3n 7) 2
a 3 116
a 3 4 22. Yes;
a3 4 The first term is a perfect square: (5a)2.
a 3 4 or a 3 4 The third term is a perfect square: (12b)2.
7 1 The middle term is 2(5a)(12b).
{1, 7} 25a2 120ab 144b2
Check: a2 6a 9 16 (5a) 2 2(5a)(12b) (12b) 2
? (5a 12b) 2
(1) 2 6(1) 9 16
16 16 ✓ 23. To find the radius of the circle, write the
a2 6a 9 16 expression for the area in the form r2.
?
72 6(7) 9 16 (16x2 80x 100)
16 16 ✓ [ (4x) 2 2(4x) (10) 102 ]
2
15. (m 5) 13 (4x 10) 2
m 5 113 The radius is 4x 10 inches, so the diameter is
m 5 113 2(4x 10) or 8x 20 inches.
24. Make a table.
{5 113} or {1.4, 8.6}
Check: (m 5) 2 13 x Area Perimeter
?
(5 113 5) 2 13 1 16 16
?
( 113) 2 13 2 1 4
13 13 ✓ 3 36 24
(m 5) 2 13 4 121 44
?
(5 113 5) 2 13 5 256 64
?
(113) 2 13 If the pattern in the table continues, the perimeter
13 13 ✓ will continue to get larger for increasing positive
16. Let h 0 and h0 180 and solve for t. integer values of x. The least perimeter is
h 16t2 h0 4 meters.
0 16t2 180 25. 4k2 100 4(k2 25)
16t2 180 4(k 5) (k 5)
t2 11.25 26. 9x2 3x 20 9x2 15x 12x 20
t 111.25 3x(3x 5) 4(3x 5)
t 3.35 (3x 5) (3x 4)
27. x2 + 6x 9 is prime.
Chapter 9 428
28. 50g2 40g 8 2(25g2 20g 4) The length s must be positive. The expression
7
2[ (5g) 2 2(5g)(2) 22 ] 4x 7 is positive when x 7 4 and 7 4x is
7
2(5g 2) 2 positive when x 6 4. Write two expressions for
29. 9t 66t 48t 3t(3t2 22t 16)
3 2
the area of the rectangle.
3t(3t2 2t 24t 16) 7
If x 7 4, s 4x 7.
11 2
3t [t(3t 2) 8(3t 2) ]
3t(3t 2)(t 8) A (s 3) 2 s
30. 4a2 36b2 4(a2 9b2 ) [ (4x 7) 3] 2 (4x 7) 31 4
3 4
4[ a2 (3b) 2 ] 1
4(a 3b) (a 3b) (4x 4) 2
(4x 7)
31. 20n2 34n 6 2(10n2 17n 3) (2x 2) (4x 7)
2(10n2 15n 2n 3) 8x2 14x 8x 14
2[5n(2n 3) (2n 3) ] 8x2 22x 14 in2
2(2n 3)(5n 1) 7
If x 6 4, s 7 4x.
11 2
32. 5y2 90 5(y2 18)
A (s 3) 2 s
31 4
33. 24x3 78x2 45x 3x(8x2 26x 15)
3x(8x2 6x 20x 15) [ (7 4x) 3] 2 (7 4x)
3 4
3x [2x(4x 3) 5(4x 3) ] 1
3x(4x 3)(2x 5) (10 4x) 2
(7 4x)
34. 18y2 48y 32 2(9y2 24y 16) (5 2x) (7 4x)
2[ (3y) 2 2(3y)(4) 42 ] 35 20x 14x 8x2
2(3y 4) 2 8x2 34x 35 in2
2 75 27g2 90g 75
35. 90g 27g Exercises 43–54 For checks, see students’ work.
3(9g2 30g 25) 43. 3x2 24x 48 0
3[ (3g) 2 2(3g)(5) 52 ] 3(x2 8x 16) 0
3(3g 5) 2 3[x 2(x) (4) 42 ] 0
2
36. 2
45c 32cd c(45c 32d) 3(x 4) 2 0
37. 4a3 3a2b2 8a 6b2 x40
a2 (4a 3b2 ) 2(4a 3b2 ) x 4
{4}
(4a 3b2 )(a2 2)
44. 7r2 70r 175
38. 5a2 7a 6b2 4b is prime. 2 70r 175 0
7r
39. x2y2 y2 z2 x2z2
y2 (x2 1) z2 (1 x2 ) 7(r2 10r 25) 0
7[r2 2(r) (5) 52 ] 0
y2 (x2 1) z2 (x2 1)
7(r 5) 2 0
(x2 1)(y2 z2 )
r50
(x 1)(x 1)(y2 z2 )
r5
40. 4m4n 6m3n 16m2n2 24mn2 {5}
2mn(2m3 3m2 8mn 12n) 45. 49a2 16 56a
2mn [m2 (2m 3) 4n(2m 3) ] 2
49a 56a 16 0
2mn(2m 3) (m2 4n) (7a) 2 2(7a) (4) 42 0
41. Factor the polynomial. (7a 4) 2 0
x3y 63y2 7x2 9xy3 7a 4 0
x3y 9xy3 7x2 63y2 7a 4
4
xy(x2 9y2 ) 7(x2 9y2 ) a7
(x2 9y2 )(xy 7)
(x 3y)(x 3y)(xy 7) 547 6
The dimensions are x 3y m, x 3y m, and 46. 18y2 24y 8 0
xy 7 m. 2(9y2 12y 4) 0
2 2(3y) (2) 22 ] 0
42. Express the polynomial for the area of the square 2[ (3y)
in the form s2. 2(3y 2) 2 0
16x2 56x 49 (4x) 2 2(4x)(7) 72 3y 2 0
(4x 7) 2 3y 2
2
or y 3
16x2 56x 49 49 56x 16x2
72 2(7)(4x) (4x) 2
523 6
(7 4x) 2
429 Chapter 9
2 1 L
47. y2 3y 9 0 55. B 16 (D2 8D 16)
y2 2(y) 113 2 113 22 0 L
B 16 [D2 2(D)(4) 42 ]
1y 13 22 0
L
B 16 (D 4) 2
1 56. Replace B with 256 and L with 16 and solve
y30
for D.
1
y3 16
56
256 16 (D 4) 2
1
3 256 (D 4) 2
4 4 1256 D 4
48. a2 5a 25 0
125 2 125 22 0
16 D 4
a2 2(a) 4 16 D
1a 25 22 0
D 4 16 or D 4 16
20 12
2 Since diameter must be positive, 20 is the only
a50
2
reasonable solution. The logs should be 20 inches
a 5 in diameter.
525 6 57. Let h 0 and t 3. Solve for s.
h 16t2 s
49. z2 2z 1 16
0 16(3) 2 s
z 2(z)(1) 12 16
2
0 16(9) s
(z 1) 2 16
0 144 s
z 1 116 144 s
z 1 4
The starting height of the car should be at least
z 1 4
144 feet.
z 1 4 or z 1 4
3 5 58. Let h 0 and s 160. Solve for t.
{5, 3} h 16t2 s
50. x2 10x 25 81 0 16t2 160
x 2 2(x)(5) 52 81 16t2 160
(x 5) 2 81 t2 10
x 5 181 t 110 or 3.16
x 5 9 Ignore the negative solution. The riders will be in
x 5 9 free fall about 3.16 seconds.
x 5 9 or x 5 9 59. h 16t2 vt s
4 14 70 16t2 64t 6
{14, 4} 0 16t2 64t 64
51. (y 8) 2 7 0 16(t2 4t 4)
y 8 17 0 16[ t2 2(t)(2) 22 ]
y 8 17 0 16(t 2) 2
{8 17} or {5.4, 10.6} 0t2
52. (w 3) 2 2 2t
w 3 12 Yes; the acrobat will reach a height of 70 feet
w 3 12 after 2 seconds.
{3 12} or {4.4, 1.6} 60. x2 kx 64 x2 kx 82
53. p2 2p 1 6 This will be a perfect square trinomial if
p 2 2(p) (1) 12 6 kx 2(x)(8) or k 16x. Thus, k can be
16 or 16.
(p 1) 2 6
p 1 16 61. 4x2 kx 1 (2x) 2 kx 12
p 1 16 This will be a perfect square trinomial if
{1 16} or {3.4, 1.4} kx 2(2x)(1) or kx 4x. Thus, k can be
4 or 4.
54. x2 12x 36 11
x 2 2(x)(6) 62 11 62. 25x2 kx 49 (5x) 2 kx 72
This will be a perfect square trinomial if
(x 6) 2 11
kx 2(5x)(7) or kx 70x. Thus, k can be
x 6 111
70 or 70.
x 6 111
{6 111} or {2.7, 9.3} 63. x2 8x k x2 2(x) (4) k
This would be a perfect square trinomial if k 42
or 16.
Chapter 9 430
64. x2 18x k x2 2(x)(9) k 71. 49m2 81

2
This would be a perfect square trinomial if 49m 81 0
k 92 or 81. (7m 9)(7m 9) 0
65. x2 20x k x2 2(x)(10) k 7m 9 0 or 7m 9 0
This would be a perfect square trinomial if 7m 9 7m 9
k 102 or 100. m 7
9
m7
9
597, 97 6
66. Answers should include the following.
• The length of each side of the pavilion is
8 x x or 8 2x feet. Thus, the area of the 72. 8k2 22k 6 0
pavilion is (8 2x)2 square feet. This area 2(4k2 11k 3) 0
includes the 80 square feet of bricks and the 2(4k2 12k k 3) 0
82 or 64-square-foot piece of art, for a total 2[4k(k 3) (k 3) ] 0
area of 144 square feet. These two 2(k 3) (4k 1) 0
representations of the area of the pavilion k30 or 4k 1 0
must be equal, so we can write the equation k 3 4k 1
(8 2x)2 144. 1
k4
53, 14 6
• (8 2x) 2 144 Original
equation
8 2x 12 Square Root 73. 12w2 23w 5
Property 12w 23w 5 02
8 2x 12 or 8 2x 12 Separate into 12w2 20w 3w 5 0
two equations. 4w(3w 5) (3w 5) 0
2x 4 2x 20 Solve each (3w 5) (4w 1) 0
equation. 3w 5 0 or 4w 1 0
x2 x 10 3w 5 4w 1
Since length cannot be negative, the border 5 1
w 3 w 4
553, 14 6
should be 2 feet wide.
67. C; Solve the equation.
205 16t2 74. 6z2 7 17z
2
205
t2 6z 17z 7 0
16
6z2 14z 3z 7 0
12.8125 t2
2z(3z 7) (3z 7) 0
112.8125 t (3z 7) (2z 1) 0
3.6 t 3z 7 0 or 2z 1 0
Ignore the negative solution; it will take about 3z 7 2z 1
3.6 seconds. 7 1
z3 z2
512, 73 6
68. D; Since 2a2
2ab b2
represents the
principal square root of a2 2ab b2, its value
cannot be negative. Thus, a b 0 or a b. 75. The slope of y 2x 1 is 2. The slope of any line
1
perpendicular to it is 2.
y y1 m(x x1 )
y 4 2 (x 1)
Exercises 69–74 For checks, see students’ work. 1 1
y 4 2x 2
69. s2 25
1 1
s 2 25 0 y 2x 2 4
(s 5)(s 5) 0 1 9
y 2x 2
s50 or s 5 0
2 2
s 5 s5 76. The slope of y 3x 7 is 3. The slope of any
3
{ 5, 5} line perpendicular to it is 2.
70. 9x2 16 0 y y1 m(x x1 )
(3x 4)(3x 4) 0 3
y 7 2 [ x (4) ]
3x 4 0 or 3x 4 0
3
3x 4 3x 4 y 7 2 (x 4)
4 4
x 3 x y 7 2x 6
3
543, 43 6
3
3
y 2x 6 7
3
y 2 x 13
431 Chapter 9
77. Let x represent the horizontal change. 21. 20n2 2 2 5 n n

slope
vertical change
25np5 5 5 n p p p p p
horizontal change
1 1015 GCF: 5n

2 x 22. 60x2y2 2 2 3 5 x x y y
1(x) 2(1015) 35xz3 5 7 x z z z
x 2030 GCF: 5x
The horizontal change is 2030 feet. 23. 13x 26y 13(x) 13(2y)
78. 17 13 9 5 13(x 2y)
2 2
4 4 4 24. 24a b 18ab 6ab(4ab) 6ab(3)
Add 4 three more times. The next three terms 6ab(4ab 3)
are 1, 3, and 7. 25. 26ab 18ac 32a2 2a(13b) 2a(9c) 2a(16a)
79. 5 4.5 4 3.5 2a(13b 9c 16a)

0.5

0.5
0.5 26. a 4ac ab 4bc (a2 4ac) (ab 4bc)
2
Add 0.5 three more times. The next three terms a(a 4c) b(a 4c)
are 3, 2.5, and 2. (a 4c) (a b)
80. 45 54 63 72 27. 4rs 12ps 2mr 6mp

9

9

9
2(2rs 6ps mr 3mp)
2[ (2rs 6ps) (mr 3mp) ]
Add 9 three more times. The next three terms are 2[2s(r 3p) m(r 3p) ]
81, 90 and 99. 2(r 3p)(2s m)
28. 24am 9an 40bm 15bn
Chapter 9 Study Guide and Review (24am 9an) (40bm 15bn)
3a(8m 3n) 5b(8m 3n)
Page 515 Vocabulary and Concept Check (8m 3n)(3a 5b)
1. false; composite Exercises 29–31 For checks, see students’ work.
2. true 29. x(2x 5) 0
3. false; sample answer: 64 x 0 or 2x 5 0
4. true 2x 5
5
5. false; 24 3 x2
6.
7.
false;
true
difference of squares
50, 52 6
30. (3n 8)(2n 6) 0
8. false; sample answer: x2 2x 2
3n 8 0 or
˛ 2n 6 0
9. true 3n 8 2n 6
10. true 8
n 3 n3
Pages 515–518 Lesson-by-Lesson Review 5 8

3, 3 6
11. 28 2 14 12. 33 3 11 31. 4x2 7x
2 2 7 or 22 7 4x2
7x 0
13. 150 2 75 14. 301 7 43 x(4x 7) 0
2 3 25 x 0 or 4x 7 0
2 3 5 5 or 2 3 52 4x 7
15. 83 1 83 x 4
7
574, 06
16. 378 1 378
1 2 189
1 2 3 63 32. Find a pair of factors of 12 whose sum is 7:
1 2 3 3 21 3 and 4.
1 2 3 3 3 7 y2 7y 12 (y 3)(y 4)
or 1 2 33 7
33. Find a pair of factors of 36 whose sum is 9:
17. 35 5 7 18. 12 2 2 3 12 and 3.
30 2 3 5 18 2 3 3
x2 9x 36 (x 12)(x 3)
GCF: 5 40 2 2 2 5
GCF: 2 6 and 1.
19. 12ab 2 2 3 a b b2 5b 6 (b 6)(b 1)
4a2b2 2 2 a a b b
35. 18 9r r2 r2 9r 18
GCF: 2 2 a b or 4ab
Find a pair of factors of 18 whose sum is 9:
20. 16mrt 2 2 2 2 m r t 3 and 6.
30mr2 2 3 5 m r r
18 9r r2 (r 3)(r 6)
GCF 2mr
Chapter 9 432
36. Find a pair of factors of 40x2 whose sum is 6x: 48. 3a2 13a 14 0
10x and 4x. 2
3a 6a 7a 14 0
a2 6ax 40x2 (a 10x)(a 4x) 3a(a 2) 7(a 2) 0
37. Find a pair of factors of 32n2 whose sum is 4n: (a 2) (3a 7) 0
4n and 8n. a 2 0 or 3a 7 0
a2 3a 7
m2 4mn 32n2 (m 4n)(m 8n)
7
a3
52, 73 6
38. y2 13y 40 0
( y 8)( y 5) 0
49. 40x2 2x 24
y80 or y 5 0
˛
40x 2x 24 02
y 8 y 5
2(20x2 x 12) 0
{8, 5} 2(20x2 16x 15x 12) 0
39. x2 5x 66 0 2[4x(5x 4) 3(5x 4) ] 0
(x 11) (x 6) 0 2(5x 4) (4x 3) 0
x 11 0 or x 6 0 5x 4 0 or 4x 3 0 ˛
x 11 x 6 5x 4 4x 3
{6, 11} x 5
4
x4
3
545, 34 6
40. m2 m 12 0
(m 4)(m 3) 0
m 4 0 or m 3 0 50. 2y3 128y 2y( y2 64)
m4 m 3 2y( y 8) ( y 8)
{3, 4} 51. 9b2 20 is prime.
112n22 134r22
41. There are no pairs of factors of 6 whose sum 1 9
is 9. 2a2 9a 3 is prime. 52. 4n2 16r2
42. Find a pair of factors of 48 whose sum is 13: 1 2n 4r 21 2n 4r 2
1 3 1 3
3 and 16.
2m2 13m 24 2m2 3m 16m 24
(2m2 3m) (16m 24) 53. b2 16 0
m(2m 3) 8(2m 3) (b 4)(b 4) 0
(2m 3)(m 8) b40 or b 4 0 ˛
b 4 b4
10 and 10. {4, 4}
25r2 20r 4 25r2 10r 10r 4 54. 25 9y2 0
(5 3y)(5 3y) 0
(25r2 10r) (10r 4)
5 3y 0 or 5 3y 0
5r(5r 2) 2(5r 2)
˛
3y 5 5 3y
(5r 2)(5r 2)
5 5
y 3 y
5 6
44. There are no pairs of factors of 18 whose sum is 7. 3
6z2 7z 3 is prime. 5 5
3, 3
45. Find a pair of factors of 72 whose sum is 17: 8 and 9.
55. 16a2 81 0
12b2 17b 6 12b2 8b 9b 6 (4a 9)(4a 9) 0
(12b2 8b) (9b 6) 4a 9 0 or 4a 9 0 ˛
4b(3b 2) 3(3b 2) 4a 9 4a 9
(3b 2)(4b 3) 9 9
a 4 a4
594, 94 6
46. 3n2 6n 45 3(n2 2n 15)
Now factor n2 2n 15. Find a pair of factors of
15 whose sum is 2: 5 and 3. 56. a2 18a 81 a2 2(a) (9) 92
n2 2n 15 (n 5)(n 3) (a 9) 2
Thus, 3n2 6n 45 3(n 5)(n 3). 57. 9k 12k 4 (3k) 2 2(3k) (2) 22
2
Exercises 47–49 For checks, see students’ work. (3k 2) 2
47. 2r2 3r 20 0 58. 4 28r 49r 22 2(2) (7r) (7r) 2
2
2 8r 5r 20 0
2r (2 7r) 2
2r(r 4) 5(r 4) 0 59. 32n 80n 50 2(16n2 40n 25)
2
(r 4)(2r 5) 0
2[ (4n) 2 2(4n) (5) 52 ]
r 4 0 or 2r 5 0
r4 2r 5 2(4n 5) 2
5
r 2
552, 46
433 Chapter 9
Exercises 60–63 For checks, see students’ work. 10. 25y2 49w2 (5y) 2 (7w) 2
60. 6b3 24b2 24b 0 (5y 7w) (5y 7w)
6b(b2 4b 4) 0 11. t 16t 64 t2 2(t) (8) 82
2
6b(b 2(b) (2) 22 ) 0

2
(t 8) 2
6b(b 2) 2 0 2
12. x 14x 24
6b 0 or b 2 0 Find two numbers whose product is 24 and whose
b0 b2 sum is 14: 12 and 2.
{0, 2} x2 14x 24 (x 12)(x 2)
61. 49m2 126m 81 0 13. 28m2 18m 2m(14m 9)
(7m) 2 2(7m)(9) 92 0
14. a2 11ab 18b2
(7m 9) 2 0
Find two numbers whose product is 18b2 and
7m 9 0
whose sum is 11b: 2b and 9b.
7m 9
9 a2 11ab 18b2 (a 2b)(a 9b)
m7
597 6
15. 12x2 23x 24 12x2 9x 32x 24
3x(4x 3) 8(4x 3)
62. (c 9) 2 144 (4x 3) (3x 8)
c 9 1144 16. 2h2 3h 18 is prime.
c 9 12 17. 6x3 15x2 9x 3x(2x2 5x 3)
c 9 12 3x(2x2 6x x 3)
c 9 12 or c 9 12 3x[ 2x(x 3) (x 3) ]
c 21 c 3 3x(x 3) (2x 1)
{3, 21} 18. 64p2 63p 16 is prime.
63. 144b2 36 19. 2d2 d 1 2d2 2d d 1
36
b2 144 2d(d 1) (d 1)
(d 1) (2d 1)
1
b2 4 20. 36a2b3 45ab4 9ab3(4a 5b)
1
b 2 21. 36m2 60mn 25n2 (6m) 2 2(6m) (5n) (5n) 2
512 6
(6m 5n) 2
22. a2 4 a2 22
(a 2)(a 2)
23. 4my 20m 3py 15p 4m( y 5) 3p( y 5)
Chapter 9 Practice Test (y 5)(4m 3p)
2 2
24. 15a b 5a 10a 5a(3ab a 2)
Page 519 25. 6y2 5y 6 6y2 9y 4y 6
1. Sample answer: 7; Its only factors are 1 and itself. 3y(2y 3) 2(2y 3)
(2y 3) (3y 2)
2. Sample answer: n2 100
26. 4s2 100t2 4(s2 25t2 )
n2 100 n2 102
4(s 5t) (s 5t)
(n 10)(n 10)
3 4x2 9x 36 x2 (x 4) 9(x 4)
27. x
3. Check for a GCF other than 1 and factor it out.
(x 4) (x2 9)
4. 63 3 21
(x 4) (x 3) (x 3)
3 3 7 or 32 7
28. area of shaded area of large area of small
5. 81 3 27 6. 210 1 210 region rectangle rectangle
339 1 2 105 (x 6) (y 6) xy
3 3 3 3 or 34 1 2 3 35 xy 6x 6y 36 xy
1 2 3 5 7 6x 6y 36
7. 48 2 2 2 2 3 6(x y 6)
64 2 2 2 2 2 2 29. area of shaded area of square area of circles
GCF: 2 2 2 2 or 16 region
8. 28 2 2 7 (4r) 2 4(r2 )
75 3 5 5 16r2 4r2
GCF: 1; 28 and 75 are relatively prime. 4r2 (4 )
9. 18a2b2 2 3 3 a a b b
28a3b2 2 2 7 a a a b b
GCF: 2 a a b b or 2a2b2
Chapter 9 434
Exercises 30–37 For checks, see students’ work. 38. Let x represent the amount of the increase. Write
30. (4x 3)(3x 2) 0 an equation for the area of the new rectangle.
4x 3 0 or 3x 2 0 (4 x) (7 x) 28 26
4x 3 3x 2 28 4x 7x x2 54
x4
3
x 3
2 x2 11x 28 54
523, 34 6
x2 11x 26 0
(x 13) (x 2) 0
31. 18s2 72s 0 x 13 0 or x 2 0
˛
18s(s 4) 0 x 13 x2

18s 0 or s 4 0 Ignore the negative solution. Thus, 2 inches are
s0 s 4 added to each dimension of the rectangle. The
{4, 0} new rectangle is 6 in. by 9 in.
32. 4x2 36 39. Let x represent the width of the sidewalk. Write
2 36 0 an equation for the area of the remaining lawn.
4x
4(x2 9) 0 (24 2x) (32 2x) 425
4(x 3)(x 3) 0 768 48x 64x 4x2 425
x30 or x 3 0
˛
4x2 112x 768 425
x 3 x3 4x2 112x 343 0
{3, 3} 4x2 14x 98x 343 0
33. t2 25 10t 2x(2x 7) 49(2x 7) 0
t 2 10t 25 0 (2x 7) (2x 49) 0
t2 2(t)(5) 52 0 2x 7 0 or 2x 49 0
˛
(t 5) 2 0 2x 7 2x 49
7 49
t50 x 2 or 3.5 x 2
or 24.5
t5 The walk cannot be 24.5 feet wide since this is
{5} wider than the original lawn. Thus, the sidewalk
34. a2 9a 52 0 is 3.5 feet wide.
(a 13) (a 4) 0 40. Write an equation for the shaded part of the
(a 13) 0 or a 4 0
˛
square.
a 13 a 4 1
x2 2x2 98
{4, 13}
1 2
35. x3 5x2 66x 0 x 98
1 2 2(98)
2
x(x2 5x 66) 0 2
1 2
x
2
x(x 11)(x 6) 0
x 0 or x 11 0 or x 6 0
˛
x2 196
x 11 x 6 x 1196
{6, 0, 11} x 14
Ignore the negative solution. Thus, the square is
36. 2x2 9x 5
2 14 meters by 14 meters.
2x 9x 5 0
2x2 10x x 5 0
2x(x 5) (x 5) 0
(x 5)(2x 1) 0
Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
x 5 0 or 2x 1 0
x5 2x 1 Pages 520–521
1
x 2 1. A; The line passes through the points (5, 0) and
5 1
2, 5 6 (0, 3).
3 0 3
m0 or 5
37. 3b2 6 11b (5)
3
3b2 11b 6 0 The equation is y 5x 3.
3b2 9b 2b 6 0 2. D; Use (12, 176) and (18, 224) to find the slope
3b(b 3) 2(b 3) 0 (price per ticket).
(b 3)(3b 2) 0 224 176
m 18 12
b 3 0 or 3b 2 0
48
b3 3b 2 6
or 8
2
b3 Since the band initially had $80, the intercept
523, 36
is 80. The equation is a 8t 80.
435 Chapter 9
1 Shade the half plane that contains (0, 0).

3. A; The slope of the boundary line is 3; this
eliminates answer choices C and D. Test (0, 0) in y
answer choice B.
1
y 3x 1 xy3
1
0 3
(0) 1
O x
0 1 false
Since (0, 0) is part of the shaded region but not a
solution of B, we can eliminate B. This leaves
only answer choice A.
4. D; The total was 258. 12. Let a represent the number of adult tickets sold
n f 258 and c represent the number of child tickets.
Twice as many bags were sold today as last Write an equation for the total number of tickets.
Friday. a c 145
n 2f Write an equation for the total receipts.
5. B; 5.387 103 0.005387 7.50a 4c 790
16x8
1168 21xx 2
8
6. C; Solve the first equation for c.
8x4 4
84 a c 145
2x
c 145 a
2x4
Substitute 145 a for c in the second equation.
7. A; 3x2 48 0
7.50a 4c 790
3(x2 16) 0
7.50a 4(145 a) 790
3(x 4)(x 4) 0
7.50a 580 4a 790
x40 or x 4 0
3.5a 580 790
˛
x 4 x4
2 3x 8 6x 6
3.5a 210
8. D; x a 60
x2 9x 14 0
The theater sold 60 adult tickets.
(x 2)(x 7) 0
x 2 0 or x 7 0 13. 3x y 8
x2 x7 4x 2y 14
9. B; Factor the expression for the area. Multiply the first equation by 2. Then add.
12x2 21x 6 3(4x2 7x 2) 6x 2y 16
() 4x 2y 14
3(4x2 8x x 2)
10x 30
3 [4x(x 2) (x 2) ]
x3
3(x 2)(4x 1)
Use 3x y 8 to find y.
The width is 3x 6 or 3(x 2). Thus, the length
is 4x 1. 3x y 8
6 0x 2 0 18
3(3) y 8
10.
9y8
[ 6 0x 2 0 ] 6 (18)
1 1
6 y 1
0x 2 0 3 The solution is (3, 1).
x 2 3 or x 2 3 14. (x t)x (x t)y (x t) (x y)
x5 x 1 15. Let n be the first odd integer. Then n 2 is the
Both 5 and 1 make the equation true. next odd integer.
11. x y 3 n(n 2) 195
Graph the boundary as a solid line since the n2 2n 195
inequality includes equal. Test the point (0, 0). n2 2n 195 0
xy3 (n 15)(n 13) 0
003 n 15 0 or n 13 0
0 3 true n 15 n 13
When n 15, n 2 15 2 or 13.
When n 13, n 2 13 2 or 15. The integers
are 15 and 13 or 13 and 15.
Chapter 9 436
16. 2x2 5x 12 0 21. B; 3x y 5

2
2x 8x 3x 12 0 x 3y 6
2x(x 4) 3(x 4) 0 Solve the second equation for x.
(x 4)(2x 3) 0 x 3y 6
x40 or 2x 3 0 x 3y 6
x 4 2x 3 Substitute 3y 6 for x in the first equation.
3
x2 3x y 5
54, 32 6 3(3y 6) y 5
9y 18 y 5
17. 2x2 7x 3 2x2 6x x 3 8y 18 5
2x(x 3) (x 3) 8y 13
(x 3)(2x 1) 13
y 8
18. C; 0x 0 0y 0 015 0 07 0
15 7 2a 3b 3
8 a 4b 24
0x y 0 015 (7) 0 Solve the second equation for a.
015 7 0 a 4b 24
08 0 a 24 4b
8 Substitute 24 4b for a in the first equation.
The two quantities are equal. 2a 3b 3
2
19. B; 3x 27 39 2(24 4b) 3b 3
2 48 8b 3b 3
x 66
1 2 32 (66)
3 48 11b 3
3 2
x 11b 51
2 3
51 51
x 99 b 11 or 11
3 51 13
4
y 55 20 Since 11 7 8 , the quantity in Column B is
3
y 75 greater.
1 2 43 (75)
4
4 3 22. C; The GCF of 2x3, 6x2, and 8x is 2x.
y
3 4 The GCF of 18x3, 14x2, and 4x is 2x.
y 100 The two quantities are equal.
The quantity in Column B is greater. 23a. Since the area is 28 square yards, the width is 3
20. A; The line appears to pass through (0, 2) and yards less than the length, so the width is
(2, 1). L 3. Thus, L(L 3) 28.
1 (2) 3 23b. Write an equation for the area and solve for L.
m 2 0
or 2
2 L(L 3) 28
A line perpendicular to it has slope 3.
L2 3L 28 0
y y1 m(x x1 ) (L 7)(L 4) 0
2
y (4) 3 (x 6) L 7 0 or L 4 0
2 L7 L 4
y 4 3x 4
Ignore the negative solution. The length is
2
y 3x 7 yards.
This line passes through (0, 0). Its x-intercept 23c. Find the perimeter. Since the length is 7 yd, the
is 0. Since the x-intercept of the given line is width is 7 3 or 4 yd.
between 1 and 2, the quantity in Column A is P 2(7) 2(4) or 22
greater. He will need 22 yd of fencing.
437 Chapter 9
Chapter 10 Quadratic and Exponential Functions

Page 523 Getting Started 6. Sample answer:
1. Sample answer: x y y
x y y 5 0
6 1 0 2 5y 10 2x
yx5
4 1
2 3
O x
0 5
2 7
O x
7. Sample answer:
x y y 6 0
0 3 4 1 x
O
1 1 2 2
2 1 0 3
3 3 O x 2 4 x 2y 6
y 2x 3
8. Sample answer:
x y y 1 6
4 1 1 3 3x 2y 9
y 0.5x 1
2 0 3 0
0 1
2 2 O x
O x
4 3
9. Yes; t2 (t) 2
4. Sample answer:
36 62
x y y 12 2(t) (6)
2 4 t2 12t 36 (t 6) 2
1 1 10. Yes; a2 (a) 2
0 2 49 72
O x 14a 2(a) (7)
a2 14a 49 (a 7) 2
y 3x 2 11. No; 81 is not a perfect square.
12. No; 12 is not a perfect square.
13. Yes; 9b2 (3b) 2
5. Sample answer:
1 12
x y y 6b 2(3b) (1)
0 4 9b2 6b 1 (3b 1) 2
3 2 x 14. No; 6x2 is not a perfect square.
O
6 0 15. Yes; 4p2 (2p) 2
9 32
12p 2(2p) (3)
2x 3y 12 4p2 12p 9 (2p 3) 2
Chapter 10 438
16. Yes; 16s2 (4s) 2 The lowest point on the graph is (3, 1). The
2 vertex is (3, 1).
93
24s 2(4s)(3) 2. The fold line is a vertical line on which each point
16s2 24s 9 (4s 3) 2 has x-coordinate 3. The equation is x 3.
17. 5 9 13 17 3. The vertex, (3, 1), lies on the fold line.

4 4 4
4. Sample answer: A parabola is symmetrical. The
vertex of the parabola lies on the line that divides
Add 4 three more times. The next three terms are
the parabola into two matching halves.
21, 25, and 29.
18. 12 5 2 9

7 7 7
Add 7 three more times. The next three terms 1. Both types of parabolas are U shaped. A parabola
are 16, 23, and 30. with a maximum opens downward, and its
19. 4 1 2 5 corresponding equation has a negative coefficient

3 3 3 for the x2 term. A parabola with a minimum
Add 3 three more times. The next three terms are opens upward, and its corresponding equation has
8, 11, and 14. a positive coefficient for the x2 term.
20. 24 32 40 48 2. Sample answer:

8 8 8 y
56, 64, and 72.
21. 1 6 11 16

5 5 5 O x
Add 5 three more times. The next three terms
are 21, 26, and 31.
22. 27 20 13 6

7 7 7
3. Sample answer: If you locate several points of the
graph on one side of the axis of symmetry, you
1, 8, and 15.
can locate the corresponding points on the other
23. 5.3 6.0 6.7 7.4

0.7 0.7 0.7
side of the axis of symmetry to help graph the
equation.
Add 0.7 three more times. The next three terms 4. y x2 5
are 8.1, 8.8, and 9.5. Sample answer:
24. 9.1 8.8 8.5 8.2

0.3 0.3 0.3
x y y
3 4
Add 0.3 three more times. The next three terms
2 1 x
are 7.9, 7.6, and 7.3. O
1 4
0 5
1 4
10-1 Graphing Quadratic Functions 2 1 y x2 5
3 4
1. y x2 6x 8 5. y x2 4x 5
x y y y
x y
5 3 1 0 y x 2 4x 5
4 0 0 5
3 1 y x 2 6x 8 1 8
2 0 2 9
O x
1 3 3 8
4 5
5 0 O x
439 Chapter 10
6. In y x2 4x 9, a 1 and b 4. The equation of the axis of symmetry is x 2.

x
b
2a y x2 4x 3
4
y (2) 2 4(2) 3
x 2(1) or 2 y 4 8 3
The equation of the axis of symmetry is x 2. y1
y x2 4x 9 The vertex is at (2, 1).
y (2) 2 4(2) 9 Since the coefficient of the x2 term is negative, the
y489 vertex is a maximum.
y 13
y y (x 2)2 1
The vertex is at (2, 13).
Since the coefficient of the x2 term is positive, the O x
vertex is a minimum.
y
2
O
654321 2 1 2
x
4
6
8
10 9. B; Since all four graphs have the same axis of
12 symmetry, x 0, you cannot eliminate any
14 graphs using the axis of symmetry. Since the
y x 2 4x 9 coefficient of the x2 term is negative, the graph
opens downward. Eliminate choices A and C.
7. In y x2 5x 6, a 1 and b 5.
b Let x 0.
x 2a 1
5 5
y 2 x2 1
x 2(1) or 2
or 2.5 1
y 2 (0) 2 1 or 1
The equation of the axis of symmetry is x 2.5.
The graph passes through the point (0, 1).
y x2 5x 6
Eliminate choice D. The answer is B.
y (2.5) 2 5(2.5) 6
y 6.25 12.5 6
y 12.25
The vertex is at (2.5, 12.25).
10. y x2 3
Since the coefficient of the x2 term is negative, the
Sample answer:
vertex is a maximum.
x y y
y
14 y x 2 5x 6 2 1
12
10
1 2
8 0 3
6 1 2 O x
4
2 1
2
O
y x2 3
21 1 2 3 4 5 6x
2
11. y x2 7
8. y (x 2) 2 1 Sample answer:
(x2 4x 4) 1
x2 4x 4 1 x y y x 2 7 y
x2 4x 3 2 3
In y x2 4x 3, a 1 and b 4. 1 6
b 0 7
x 2a
4
1 6
x 2(1) or 2 2 3
O x
Chapter 10 440
12. y x2 2x 8 17. In y 4x2 5x 16, a 4 and b 5.

Sample answer: b
x 2a
x y y (5) 5
x 2(4) or 8
O x
1 5 5
x 8 is the equation of the axis of symmetry.
0 8
1 9 18. In y 4x2, a 4 and b 0.
b
2 8 x 2a
3 5 0
x 2(4) or 0
y x 2 2x 8 x 0 is the equation of the axis of symmetry.
y 4x2
13. y x2 4x 3 y 4(0) 2
y0
Sample answer:
x y y
Since the coefficient of the x2 term is positive, the
0 3 vertex is a minimum.
1 0 y
2 1
3 0 O x
4 3
y x 2 4x 3
y 4x 2
14. y 3x2 6x 4 O x
Sample answer:
y
x y y 3x 2 6x 4 19. In y 2x2, a 2 and b 0.
3 5 x 2a
b
2 4 0
x 2(2) or 0
1 7
0 4 x 0 is the equation of the axis of symmetry.
1 5 y 2x2
x y 2(0) 2
O
y0
15. y 3x2 6x 1 Since the coefficient of the x2 term is negative, the
Sample answer: vertex is a maximum.
x y y y
1 8 O
x
0 1
2
1 4 y 2x
2 1 O x
3 8 y 3x 2 6x 1
16. In y 3x2 2x 5, a 3 and b 2.

b
x 2a
2 1
x 2(3) or 3
1
441 Chapter 10
20. In y x2 2, a 1 and b 0. y
b
x 2a y x 2 2x 3
0
x 2(1) or 0
x 0 is the equation of the axis of symmetry. O x
y x2 2
y (0) 2 2
y2
Since the coefficient of the x2 term is positive, the 23. In y x2 6x 15, a 1 and b 6.
vertex is a minimum. b
x 2a
y (6)
x 2(1) or 3
y x2 6x 15
y (3) 2 6(3) 15
y 9 18 15
y x2 2
y 24
O x The vertex is at (3, 24).
21. In y x2 5, a 1 and b 0.
b y
x 2a y x 2 6x 15 28
0 24
x 2(1) or 0 20
x 0 is the equation of the axis of symmetry. 16
12
y x2 5
8
y (0) 2 5 4
y5 O
12 8 4 4 4x
vertex is a maximum. 24. In y x2 14x 13, a 1 and b 14.
b
y x 2a
y x 2 5
(14)
x 2(1)
or 7
y x2 14x 13
y (7) 2 14(7) 13
O x y 49 98 13
y 36
22. In y x2 2x 3, a 1 and b 2.
b
x 2a
y
2
x 2(1) or 1 5
25
O 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 x
10
y x2 2x 3
15
y (1) 2 2(1) 3 20
y 1 2 3 25
y4 30
The vertex is at (1, 4). 35 y x 2 14x 13
Chapter 10 442
25. In y x2 2x 18, a 1 and b 2. Since the coefficient of the x2 term is positive, the
x
b
2a vertex is a minimum.
2 y
x 2(1) or 1
y x2 2x 18
y (1) 2 2(1) 18 y 3x 2 6x 4
y 1 2 18
y 17
The vertex is at (1, 17). O x
28. In y 5 16x 2x2, a 2 and b 16.
y b
35 x 2a
30 16
25 x 2(2) or 4
20 x 4 is the equation of the axis of symmetry.
15
10
y 5 16x 2x2
y x 2 2x 18
5 y 5 16(4) 2(4) 2
O y 5 64 32
654321
5 1 2x y 37
26. In y 2x2 12x 11, a 2 and b 12. Since the coefficient of the x2 term is negative, the
b vertex is a maximum.
x 2a
y
12
x 2(2) or 3 35 y 5 16x 2x 2
30
y 2x2 12x 11 20
y 2(3) 2 12(3) 11 15
y 18 36 11 10
5
y 29 O
The vertex is at (3, 29). 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9x
5
29. In y 9 8x 2x2, a 2 and b 8.
y b
3 x 2a
O
(8)
7654321 3 1
x x 2(2) or 2
9
y 9 8x 2x2
12
15 y 9 8(2) 2(22 )
18 y 9 16 8
21 y1
24 The vertex is at (2, 1).
27
2 30
y 2x 12x 11 vertex is a minimum.
y
27. In y 3x2 6x 4, a 3 and b 6.
b
x 2a
(6)
x 2(3) or 1
y 9 8x 2x2
y 3x2 6x 4
y 3(1) 2 6(1) 4 O x
y364
y1
443 Chapter 10
30. y 3(x 1) 2 20 32. y 2 x2 10x 25

3(x2 2x 1) 20 y 2 2 x2 10x 25 2
3x2 6x 3 20 y x2 10x 23
3x2 6x 17 2
In y x 10x 23, a 1 and b 10.
In y 3x2 6x 17, a 3 and b 6. x 2a
b
b
x 2a (10)
x 2(1)
or 5
6
x 2(3) or 1 x 5 is the equation of the axis of symmetry.
x 1 is the equation of the axis of symmetry. y x2 10x 23
y 3x2 6x 17 y 52 10(5) 23
y 3(1) 2 6(1) 17 y 25 50 23
y 3 6 17 y 2
y 20 The vertex is at (5, 2).
The vertex is at (1, 20). Since the coefficient of x2 is positive, the vertex is
Since the coefficient of the x2 term is positive, the a minimum.
vertex is a minimum. y
y
4
O
654321 4 1 2
x
8
12
16
O x
20
y 3(x 1)2 20 24
28 y 2 x 2 10x 25
33. y 1 3x2 12x 12

31. y 2(x 4) 2 3 y 1 1 3x2 12x 12 1
y 2(x2 8x 16) 3 y 3x2 12x 11
y 2x2 16x 32 3
In y 3x2 12x 11, a 3 and b 12.
y 2x2 16x 35 b
x 2a
In y 2x2 16x 35, a 2 and b 16.
12
x 2a
b x 2(3) or 2
x 2(2) or 4
y 3x2 12x 11
y 3(2) 2 12(2) 11
y 2x2 16x 35 y 12 24 11
y 2(4) 2 16(4) 35 y 1
y 32 64 35 The vertex is at (2, 1).
y 3
The vertex is at (4, 3). vertex is a minimum.
Since the coefficient of the x2 term is negative, the y
y
O x
2
y 2(x 4) 3
O x
y 1 3x 2 12x 12
Chapter 10 444
1
34. y 5 3 (x 2) 2 Since the coefficient of the x2 term is positive, the
1 vertex is a minimum.
y 5 5 3 (x2 4x 4) 5
y
1 4 4
y 3x2 3x 3 5
1 4 19
y 3x2 3x 3
1 4 19 1 4
In y 3x2 3x 3
, a 3 and b 3.
b
x 2a
4 O x
12
3 4 3
x 1 or 3
2 or 2 y 1 23 (x 1)2
23
x 2 is the equation of the axis of symmetry. 36. If the vertex of the parabola is (4, 3), the axis
y
1 2 4
x 3x 3
19 of symmetry is x 4. The point (11, 0) is
3 7 units from the axis of symmetry. The other
1 4 19
y 3
(2) 2 3 (2) 3 x-intercept must be (3, 0), which is 7 units on the
4 8 19 other side of the axis of symmetry.
y 3
3 3
37. The equation of the axis of symmetry is:
15
y or 5 6 4
3 x 2
The vertex is at (2, 5). 2
x 2
vertex is a minimum. x 1
y 38. 2 m; parabolas are symmetric.
39. In h 16t2 32t 3, a 16 and b 32.
b
t 2a
32
y 5 13 (x 2)2 t 2(16)
t 1 is the equation of the axis of symmetry
h 16(1) 2 32 3
O x h 19
2 The maximum height of the weight is 19 feet.
35. y 1 3 (x 1) 2
40. No, the prize will not be won since the maximum
2
y 1 1 3 (x2 2x 1) 1 height of 19 feet is less than the 20 feet required
2
y 3x2 3x 3 1
4 2 to win.
2 4 1
41. A x(20 x)
y 3x2 3x 3 A 20x x2
2 4
In y 3x2 3x 3, a 3 and b 3.
1 2 4
A x2 20x
b 42. In A x2 20x, a 1 and b 20.
x 2a
b
4 x 2a
12
3 4 3
x 2 3 4 or 1 20
x 2(1) or 10
23
The x-coordinate of the vertex is 10. Since the
x 1 is the equation of the axis of symmetry. coefficient of the x2 term is negative, the vertex is
2 4 1
y 3x2 3x 3 a maximum. The greatest area will result when
2 4 1 x is 10 m.
y 3 (1) 2 3 (1) 3
43. A x2 20x
2 4 1
y333 A 102 20(10)
3 A 100 200
y 3 or 1
A 100
The vertex is at (1, 1). The second coordinate of the vertex, which is a
maximum, is 100. Thus, the maximum possible
area for the pen is 100 m2.
44. In h 0.00635x2 4.0005x 0.07875,
a 0.00635 and b 4.0005.
b
x 2a
4.0005
x 2 (0.00635 ) or 315
445 Chapter 10
45. The ends of the arch are the x-intercepts of the 51. In order to coordinate a firework with recorded
graph of the equation. Since the axis of symmetry music, you must know when and how high it will
is an equal distance from both x-intercepts, the explode. Answers should include following.
axis is 315 feet from each end. Thus, the ends are • The rocket will explode when it reaches the
315 315 or 630 feet apart. 39.2
vertex or when t 2(4.9) , which is
46. To find the maximum height of the arch, find the 4 seconds.
second coordinate of the vertex by substituting • The height of the rocket when it explodes is
315 for x in the equation for the height. the height when t 4. Therefore,
h 0.00635x2 4.0005x 0.07875 h 4.9(42) 39.2(4) 1.6 or 80 meters.
h 0.00635(315) 2 4.0005(315) 0.07875 52. A; Since the parabola opens upward, the
h 630 coefficient of the x2 term is positive. Eliminate
The maximum height of the arch is 630 ft. choices B and D. The y-intercept of choice C is
47. To avoid confusion, we replace a with A in the y 02 4(0) 5 or 5. The y-intercept of the
equation given. graph is 5. Eliminate choice C. The answer is A.
In A 0.003x2 0.115x 21.3, a 0.003 and 53. D; y x 5 is not a quadratic equation because
b 0.115. there is no x2 term.
b
x 2a 54. y x2 10x 25
(0.115)
Step 1 Graph the equation on the screen.
x 2(0.003) or about 19 X,T,␪,n
KEYSTROKES: 10
The x-coordinate of the vertex is about 19. Since X,T,␪,n
the coefficient of the x2 term is positive, the 25 GRAPH
vertex is a minimum. The minimum age occurs Step 2 Approximate the minimum.
about 19 years after 1940 or in 1959. KEYSTROKES: 2nd [CALC] 3
48. Substitute 19 for x in the equation.
Use the and keys to set the left and right
A 0.003x2 0.115x 21.3
bounds and to guess the minimum.
A 0.003(19) 2 0.115(19) 21.3
A 20 The vertex is a minimum with ordered pair (5, 0).
In 1959, the average age of brides was about
20 years old.
49. Step 1 Graph the equation on the screen.
KEYSTROKES: 0.003 X,T,␪,n
0.115 X,T,␪,n 21.3 GRAPH
Step 2 Approximate the minimum.
55. y x2 4x 3
KEYSTROKES: 2nd [CALC] 3
Use the and keys to set the left and right ( )
KEYSTROKES: X,T,␪,n 4
bounds and to guess the minimum.
The minimum is about (19.2, 20.2). X,T,␪,n 3 GRAPH
Step 2 Approximate the maximum.
Use the and keys to set the left and right

bounds and to guess the maximum.
The vertex is a maximum with ordered pair (2, 7).
50. Sample answer: y 4x2 3x 5.

A quadratic equation y ax2 bx c with
3
x 8 as its axis of symmetry must satisfy
b 3
2a 8.
b 3 3
2a 8 or 2(4)
Choose b 3 and a 4. Then c can be any
number, such as 5.
Chapter 10 446
56. y 2x2 8x 1 59. y 0.5x2 2x 3

Step 1 Graph the equation on the screen. Step 1 Graph the equation on the screen.
KEYSTROKES:
( ) 2 X,T,␪,n 8 KEYSTROKES:
( ) 0.5 X,T,␪,n 2
X,T,␪,n 1 GRAPH X,T,␪,n 3 GRAPH
Step 2 Approximate the maximum. Step 2 Approximate the maximum.
KEYSTROKES: 2nd [CALC] 4 KEYSTROKES: 2nd [CALC] 4
Use the and keys to set the left and right Use the and keys to set the left and right
bounds and to guess the maximum. bounds and to guess the maximum.
The vertex is a maximum with ordered pair (2, 7). The vertex is a maximum with ordered pair (2, 5).
57. y 2x2 40x 214

Step 1 Graph the equation on the screen. Page 530 Maintain Your Skills
60. There are no factors of 9 whose sum is 6. Thus,
KEYSTROKES: 2 X,T,␪,n 40 x2 6x 9 is prime.
X,T,␪,n 214 GRAPH 61. a2 22a 121 a2 2(a) (11) 112
Step 2 Approximate the minimum. (a 11) 2
62. 4m 4m 1 (2m) 2 2(2m) (1) 12
2
(2m 1) 2
Use the and keys to sset the left and 63. 4q 9 (2q) 32
2 2
right bounds and to guess the minimum. (2q 3) (2q 3)
The vertex is a minimum with ordered pair (10, 14). 64. 2a 25 2a2 0a 25
2
There are no factors of 25 whose sum is 0. Thus,

2a2 25 is prime.
65. 1 16g2 12 (4g) 2
(1 4g) (1 4g)
66. (13x 9y) 11y 13x (9y 11y)
13x 20y
58. y 0.25x2 4x 2 67. (7p2 p 7) (p2 11)
(7p2 p 7) (p2 11)
(7p2 p2 ) p (7 11)
KEYSTROKES: 0.25 X,T,␪,n 4 6p2 p 18
X,T,␪,n 2 GRAPH 68. Let m represent the cost for a member and n the
Step 2 Approximate the minimum. cost for a nonmember. Solve the following system
of equations.
3m 3n 180
Use the and keys to set the left and right 5m 3n 210
bounds and to guess the minimum. Multiply the first equation by 1. Then add.
The vertex is a minimum with ordered pair 3m 3n 180
(8, 18). ( ) 5m 3n 210
2m 30
m 15
Substitute 15 for m in the first equation and solve
for n.
3m 3n 180
3(15) 3n 180
45 3n 180
3n 135
n 45
An aerobics class costs $15 for members and $45
for nonmembers.
447 Chapter 10
Exercises 69–71 For checks, see students’ work. Page 532 Graphing Calculator Investigation
69. 12b 7 144 70. 5w 7 125 (Follow-Up of Lesson 10-1)
12b 144 5w 125 1. y x2
12
7 12 5
6 5
y 3x2
b 7 12 w 6 25
{b|b 7 12} {w|w 6 25} y 6x2
3r 2
71. 3 72. y y m(x x )
1 2 12
4 1 1
4 3r 4 2
33 y 13 4(x 2)
3 4
8 y 13 4x 8
r
5r|r 6
9
8 y 4x 5
9
73. y y1 m(x x1 ) All the graphs open downward from the origin.
y (7) 0[x (2) ] y 3x2 is narrower than y x2, and y 6x2
y70 is the narrowest.
y 7 2. y x2
74. y y m(x x ) y 0.6x2
1 1
3
y 6 2 [x (4) ] y 0.4x2
3
y 6 2x 6
3
y 2x 12
3x 4y 24
3x 4(0) 24
3x 24
x8 All the graphs open downward from the origin.
y 0.6x2 is wider than y x2, and y 0.4x2
is the widest.
2x 5y 14
3. y x2
2x 5(0) 14
2x 14 y (x 5) 2
x7 y (x 4) 2
2x 4y 7
2x 4(0) 7
2x 7
7
x 2 or 3.5
7y 6x 42 All the graphs open downward, have the same
7(0) 6x 42 shape, and have vertices along the x-axis.
6x 42 However, each vertex is different.
x7 4. y x2
79. To find the x-intercept, let y 0. y x2 7
2y 4x 10 y x2 5
2(0) 4x 10
4x 10
10 5
x 4 or 2 or 2.5
3x 7y 9 0
3x 7(0) 9 0
3x 9 0
3x 9 All the graphs open downward, have the same
x 3 shape, and have vertices along the y-axis.
However, each vertex is different.
Chapter 10 448
5. y 0.1x2 9. If |a| 7 1, the graph is narrower than the graph

Sample answer: The graph will have a vertex at of y x2. If 0 6 |a| 6 1, the graph is wider than
the origin, open downward, and be wider than the graph of y x2. If a 0, it opens downward.
y x2. If a 0, it opens upward.
10. The graph has the same shape as y x2, but is
x y y
shifted h units (left if h 0, right if h 0).
2 0.4 11. The graph has the same shape as y x2, but is
O x
1 0.1 shifted k units (up if k 0, down if k 0).
0 0 2 12. The graph has the same shape as y x2, but is
y 0.1 x
1 0.1 shifted h units left or right and k units up or
2 0.4 down as prescribed in Exercises 10 and 11.
10-2 Solving Quadratic Equations

6. y (x 1) 2 by Graphing
Sample answer: The graph will open upward and
have the same shape as y x2, but the vertex Pages 535–536 Check for Understanding
will be at (1, 0). 1. The x-intercepts of the graph are 3 and 1.
x y y Thus, the roots of the equation are 3 and 1.
3 4 2. First rewrite the equation so one side is equal to
zero.
2 1
7x2 2x 8
1 0 2
7x 2x 8 8 8
0 1
y (x 1)2 7x2 2x 8 0
1 4
Replace zero with f(x).
O x f(x) 7x2 2x 8
3. Sample answer:
7. y 4x2 y
Sample answer: The graph will open upward,
have a vertex at the origin, and be narrower than
y x2.
x y y
2 16
1 4 O x
0 0
1 4
y 4x 2 The graph has only one x-intercept. Thus, the
2 16
related quadratic equation has only one distinct
O x solution.
4. Graph f(x) x2 7x 6.
8. y x2 6 Sample answer:
Sample answer: The graph will open upward and x f(x) f (x )
have the same shape as y x2, but its vertex will 1 0
O x
be at (0, 6). 2 4
x y y 3 6
2 2 4 6
1 5 5 4
O x
0 6 6 0
f (x) x 2 7x 6
1 5
2 2
The x-intercepts of the graph are 1 and 6. Thus,
y x2 6 the solutions of the equation are 1 and 6.
449 Chapter 10
5. Graph f(a) a2 10a 25. 9. First rewrite the equation so that one side is
Sample answer: equal to zero.
w2 3w 5
a f(a) f (a ) 2 3w 5 5 5
w
3 4 w2 3w 5 0
4 1 Graph f(w) w2 3w 5.
5 0 Sample answer:
6 1
w f(w) f (w )
7 4 a 2 5
O O w
f (a) a 2 10a 25 1 1
1 7
The graph has one a-intercept, 5. Thus, the 2 7
solution of the equation is 5. 4 1
6. Graph f(c) c2 3. 5 5
Sample answer:
f (w) w 2 3w 5
c f(c) f (c )
2 7 The w-intercepts of the graph are between
1 4 2 and 1 and between 4 and 5. So one root is
0 3 between 2 and 1, and the other root is
between 4 and 5.
1 4 f (c) c 2 3
10. Let m and n represent the two numbers.
2 7
The sum of the numbers is 4.
O c
mn4
The product of the numbers is 12.
The graph has no c-intercept. Thus, the equation mn 12
has no real number solutions: . Solve the first equation for m.
7. Graph f(t) t2 9t 5. mn4
Sample answer: m4n
t f(t) f (t ) Replace m with 4 n in the second equation.
f (t ) t 2 9t 5 6
9 5 4
mn 12
8 3 2 (4 n)n 12
O 4n n2 12
5 15 98 7654 321 t 2
2 n 4n 12 0
4 15 4
1 3 Graph y x2 4x 12.
6
0 5 8
10
12
14
16
The t-intercepts of the graph are between 9 and [10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 20] scl: 2
8 and between 1 and 0. So one root is between
9 and 8, and the other is between 1 and 0. The x-intercepts are 2 and 6.
8. Graph f(x) x2 16. Let n 2. Then m 4 (2) or 6.
Sample answer: Let n 6. Then m 4 6 or 2.
x f(x) f (x )
2
4 0 O
4 321 1 2 3 4x
2 12 2
0 16 4
f (x)6
x 2 16
2 12 8
4 0 10
12
14
16
The x-intercepts of the graph are 4 and 4. Thus,

the roots of the equation are 4 and 4.
Chapter 10 450
Pages 536–538 Practice and Apply 15. Graph f(x) x2 2x 5 0.

2
11. Graph f(c) c 5c 24. Sample answer:
Sample answer: x f(x) f (x )
c f(c) f (c ) 3 8
5
3 0 O 2 5
4 2 2 4 6 8 10 12 c
0 24 5 1 4
10 f (x) x 2 2x 5
3 30 0 5
15
6 18 20 1 8
7 10 25 O x
8 0 30
2
35 f (c) c 5c 24
The graph has no x-intercept. Thus, the equation
The c-intercepts of the graph are 3 and 8. Thus, has no real number solutions: .
the solutions of the equation are 3 and 8. 16. Graph f(r) r2 4r 12.
12. Graph f(n) 5n2 2n 6. Sample answer:
Sample answer: f (r )
r f(r)
2
n f(n) f (n ) 6 0
35 7654 321 O 1 2 3 r
2 22 30 4 12 2
1 9 25 4
2 16
20 6
0 6 0 12
15 8
1 13 10 2 0 10
2 30 5 f (n) 5n 2 2n 6 12
O 14
2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6n 16
5 f (r) r 2 4r 12
18
The graph has no n-intercepts. Thus, the equation
has no real number solutions: . The r-intercepts of the graph are 6 and 2. Thus,
2
13. Graph f(x) x 6x 9. the solutions of the equation are 6 and 2.
Sample answer: 17. y
x f(x) f (x )
1 4
2 1
(2, 0)
3 0 (6, 0) O x
4 1
5 4 (4, 2)
O x
f (x ) x 2 6x 9
18. y
The graph has one x-intercept, 3. Thus, the
solution of the equation is 3.
(3, 4)
14. Graph f(b) b2 12b 36.
Sample answer:
b f(b) f (b ) (6, 0) (0, 0)
4 4 O x
5 1
6 0
7 1
8 4
O b
f (b ) b 2 12b 36
The graph has one b-intercept, 6. Thus, the

solution of the equation is 6.
451 Chapter 10
19. Let m and n represent the numbers. 21. Graph f(a) a2 12.
mn9 Sample answer:
mn 20
a f(a) f (a )
Solve the first equation for m.
4 4
mn9 4 2 O 2 4a
m9n 3 3
4
Substitute 9 n for m in the second equation. 2 8
mn 20 0 12 8
(9 n)n 20 2 8
12
9n n2 20 3 3
2 9n 20 0 f (a) a 2 12
n 4 4
Graph y x2 9x 20. The a-intercepts are between 4 and 3 and
between 3 and 4. So, one root is between 4 and
3, and the other root is between 3 and 4.
22. Graph f(n) n2 7.
Sample answer:
n f(n) f (n )
[2, 8] scl: 1 by [2, 2] scl: 1 3 2
O n
The x-intercepts are 4 and 5. 2 3
Let n 4. Then m 9 4 or 5. 1 6
Let n 5. Then m 9 5 or 4. 0 7
The numbers are 4 and 5. 1 6
20. Let m and n represent the numbers. 2 3
f (n) n 2 7
mn5 3 2
mn 24 The n-intercepts of the graph are between 3 and
Solve the first equation for m. 2 and between 2 and 3. So, one root is between
mn5 3 and 2, and the other root is between 2 and 3.
m5n 23. Graph f(c) 2c2 20c 32.
Substitute 5 n for m in the second equation. Sample answer:
mn 24 c f(c) 1 f (c )
(5 n)n 24 3
O
8 0
5n n2 24 12 8 4 c
2 6 16 3
n 5n 24 0 6
4 16
Graph y x2 5x 24. 9
2 0 12
15
18
f (c) 2c 2 20c 3221
The c-intercepts of the graph are 8 and 2. So,

[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 40] scl: 10 the roots of the equation are 8 and 2.
The x-intercepts are 3 and 8. 24. Graph f(s) 3s2 9s 12.

Let n 3. Then m 5 (3) or 8. Sample answer:
Let n 8. Then m 5 8 or 3. s f(s) f (s )
3
4 O
The numbers are 3 and 8. 0
6 4 2 2s
3 12 3
6
2 18
9
1 18 12
0 12 15
1 0 18
f (s) 3s2 9s 1221
The s-intercepts of the graph are 4 and 1.

So, the roots of the equation are 4 and 1.
Chapter 10 452
25. Graph f(x) x2 6x 6. 28. Rewrite the equation.

Sample answer: x2 6x 7
2
x 6x 7 7 7
x f(x) f (x )
x2 6x 7 0
5 1
Graph f(x) x2 6x 7.
4 2
Sample answer:
3 3
x f(x) f (x )
2 2
1 1
O x 5 2
4 1
3 2
f (x) x 2 6x 6 x
2 1 O
The x-intercepts of the graph are between 5 1 2
and 4 and between 2 and 1. So, one root is f (x) x 2 6x 7
between 5 and 4, and the other root is
between 2 and 1.
26. Graph f(y) y2 4y 1. The x-intercepts are between 5 and 4 and
Sample answer: between 2 and 1. So, one root of the equation
is between 5 and 4, and the other root is
y f(y) f (y ) between 2 and 1.
0 1 29. Rewrite the equation.
1 2 m2 10m 21
2 3 2
m 10m 21 21 21
3 2 m2 10m 21 0
O y
4 1 Graph f(m) m2 10m 21.
Sample answer:
f (y) y 2 4y 1 m f(m) f (m )
3 0
The y-intercepts of the graph are between 0 and
1 and between 3 and 4. So, one root is between 4 3
0 and 1, and the other root is between 3 and 4. 5 4 O m
27. Rewrite the equation. 6 3
a2 8a 4 7 0
2
a 8a 4 4 4
f (m) m 2 10m 21
a2 8a 4 0
Graph f(a) a2 8a 4. The m-intercepts of the graph are 3 and 7.
Sample answer: So, the roots of the equation are 3 and 7.
a f(a) ( )
3 f a
30. Rewrite the equation.
1 5 O p2 16 8p
42 2 4 6 8 10 12a 2 16 8p 8p 8p
0 4 3 p
2 16 6 p2 8p 16 0
9
4 20 Graph f(p) p2 8p 16.
12
6 16 15 Sample answer:
8 4 18 p f(p) f (p )
21
9 5 f (a) a 2 8a 4 2 4
3 1
The a-intercepts of the graph are between 1 and
0 and between 8 and 9. So, one root of the 4 0
equation is between 1 and 0, and the other root 5 1
is between 8 and 9. 6 4
O p
f (p) p 2 8p 16
The graph has only one p-intercept, 4. So, the root

of the equation is 4.
453 Chapter 10
31. Rewrite the equation. 34. Sample answer:

12n2 26n 30 y
2
12n 26n 30 30 30
12n2 26n 30 0
O x
Graph f(n) 12n2 26n 30.
Sample answer:
n f(n) ( )
20 f n
1 8 10
O (3, 5)
0 30 21 1 2 3 4 5 6n
10
1 44
20
2 34 35. f(x) x2 4x 12
30
3 0 40 Sample answer:
50 x f(x) ( )
f (n) 12n 2 26n 30 f (x) x 2 4x 12 f x
60
6 0 15
One n-intercept of the graph is 3, and the other 4 12 12
9
n-intercept is between 1 and 0. So, one root of 2 16
6
the equation is 3, and the other root is between 0 12 3
1 and 0. O
2 0
765 4 321 1 2 3x
32. Rewrite the equation. 3
4x2 35 4x 6
2 35 4x 4x 4x
4x
4x2 4x 35 0 The x-intercepts are 6 and 2.
Graph f(x) 4x2 4x 35. 36. The length of the segment is the distance between
the x-intercepts, which is |2 (6)| on 8 feet.
Sample answer:
37. The highest point on the arch is at the vertex of
x f(x) ( )
5 f x the parabola, which is at (2, 16). Thus, the
4 13 O height of the arch is 16 feet.
4321 1 2 3 4x
3 11 5 2
38. A 3 bh
10
1 35 2
15 3 (8) (16)
1 27 20 256 1
2 11 25 3
or 85 3
3 13 30 The area to be painted is about 85 3 square feet.
1
35 f (x) 4x 2 4x 35
39. Multiply the area under one arch by 12 to find
the area under 12 arches.
1 12 1256 2
The x-intercepts of the graph are between 4
and 3 and between 2 and 3. So, one root of the 12 853 12 3 or 1024 ft2
equation is between 4 and 3, and the other Since there are two coats, multiply the area under
root is between 2 and 3. the 12 arches by 2.
33. Sample answer: 2(1024) 2048 ft2
y Each gallon covers 200 ft2, so
(1, 6) 2048 256 6
200
25 or 10 25 gallons.
Round up to 11 gallons and find the total cost.
11(27) 297 dollars
The paint for the walls would cost $297.
40. Graph y 0.005x2 0.22x and use the Zero
feature to find the relevant x-intercept.
O x
[0, 50] scl: 10 by [0, 5] scl: 1

The x-intercept is about 44. The ball travels a
horizontal distance of 44 yd.
Chapter 10 454
41. Graph y 16x2 30x 1000 and use the Zero 48. Since quadratic functions can be used to model a
feature to find the relevant x-intercept. golf ball after it is hit, solving the related
quadratic equation will determine where the ball
hits the ground. Answers should include the
following.
• In the golf problem, one intercept represents
the ball’s original location and the other
intercept represents where the ball hits the
[0, 10] scl: 1 by [0, 1100] scl: 100 ground.
• Using the quadratic function y 0.0015x2
The x-intercept is about 9. It took about 9 seconds
0.3x, the ball will hit the ground 200 yd from
for the ball to hit the ground.
the starting point.
42. Yes; there are almost 9 3 1 or 5 seconds to
49. C; The graph in answer choice C has no
warn them.
x-intercepts.
43. The total area to be mowed is 500 400 or
50. A; The x-intercepts of the graph are 2 and 2.
200,000 ft2. Since each will mow half, each mows
1
200,000 or 100,000 ft2. Thus, 2 and 2 are the roots of the equation.
2
44. A w 51. Graph y x3 x2 4x 4.
100,000 (500 2x)(400 2x)
100,000 200,000 1000x 800x 4x2
100,000 200,000 1800x 4x2
0 100,000 1800x 4x2
or
4x2 1800x 100,000 0 [5, 5] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
45. Graph y 4x2 1800x 100,000 and find the
relevant x-intercept. The x-intercepts of the graph are 2, 1, and 2.
Thus, the solutions of the equation are 2, 1,
and 2.
52. Graph y 2x3 11x2 13x 4.
[0, 70] scl: 5 by [0, 100,000] scl: 10,000
The x-intercept is about 65. Kirk should mow a

width of about 65 ft. [1, 5] scl: 1 by [10, 1] scl: 1
46. Kirk must mow a width of 65 feet. Since the 1
The x-intercepts of the graph are 2, 1, and 4.
mower cuts a width of 5 feet each time, Kirk 1
65 Thus, the solutions of the equation are 2 , 1, and 4.
should go around the field 5 or 13 times.
x3 2x2 3x
47. The x-intercepts of the graph of f(x) x 5
are the values of x that satisfy the following
equation.
x3 2x2 3x
x 5
0
The value of a fraction is 0 only when the
numerator is 0, so we can solve x3 2x2 3x 0
to find the x-intercepts.
x3 2x2 3x 0
x(x2 2x 3) 0
x(x 3)(x 1) 0
x 0 or x 3 0 or x 1 0
x 3 x1
The x-intercepts are 3, 0, and 1.
455 Chapter 10
Page 538 Maintain Your Skills Since the coefficient of the x2 term is positive, the
2
53. In y x 6x 9, a 1 and b 6. vertex is a minimum.
b
x 2a y
6
x 2(1) or 3 O 4 8 12 x
y x2 6x 9
y (3) 2 6(3) 9 8
y 9 18 9 or 0
12
Since the coefficient of the x2 term is positive, the y 0.5x 2 6x 5
y
56. m2 24m 144
2
m 24m 144 0
m2 2(m)(12) 122 0
(m 12) 2 0
m 12 0
m 12
2
57. 7r 70r 175
O x
y x 2 6x 9 1
(7r2 )
1
7 (70r 175)
7
r2 10r 25
54. In y x2 4x 3, a 1 and b 4. 2
b
r 10r 25 0
x 2a r2 2(r)(5) 52 0
4
x 2(1) or 2 (r 5) 2 0
r50
r5
y x2 4x 3
58. 4d2 9 12d
y (2) 2 4(2) 3
4d2 12d 9 0
y 4 8 3 or 1 2 2(2d)(3) 32 0
(2d)
(2d 3) 2 0
Since the coefficient of the x2 term is negative, the 2d 3 0
vertex is a maximum. 2d 3
y 3
d 2 or 1.5
y x 2 4x 3 10m4
11030 21mm 2
4
59. 30m

O x
1
3m41
1 m3
3m3 or
111 21 a 21 b 21c 2
3
22a2b5c7 22 a b c 2 5 7
60. 11abc2
2
21 51 72

2a b c
2ab4c5
19
27 21 m 21 n 21 y 2
55. In y 0.5x2 6x 5, a 0.5 and b 6.
9m3n5 m n 3
1 5
x
b
2a 61. 27m2n5y4
2 5 4
1
x
(6)
2(0.5) or 6 3m3(2)n55y4
1
x 6 is the equation of the axis of symmetry. 3m5n0y4
y 0.5(6) 2 6(6) 5 m5y4
3
y 18 36 5 or 13
62. Let n be the number of books.
30 1.5n
55 and 30 1.5n 60
1.5n
25 1.5n 30
3n
50 n 20
50 2
n
3
or 163
Since the number of books must be a whole
number, there must be at least 17 but no more
than 20 books in the crate.
Chapter 10 456
63. Yes; Square the result.

a2 14a 49 a2 2(a)(7) 72 (6)2 36
(a 7) 2 Thus, c 36.
64. Yes; 7. t2 5t c
m2 10m 25 m2 2(m)(5) 52 Find
1
of 5.
2
(m 5) 2 1 5
(5) 2
65. No; 64 is not a perfect square. 2
Square the result.
152 2
66. Yes;
4y2 12y 9 (2y) 2 2(2y)(3) 32 25
2
4
(2y 3) 2 25
Thus, c 4
.
67. No; 4 is not a perfect square.
8. c2 6c 7
68. Yes; 1
The c2 and c terms are already isolated. Find of
25x2 10x 1 (5x) 2 2(5x)(1) 12 2
6 and square the result.
162 22 (3)2 or 9
(5x 1) 2
Add 9 to each side.

10-3 Solving Quadratic Equations c2 6c 9 7 9
by Completing the Square (c 3) 2 16
c 3 4
Page 542 Check for Understanding c 3 3 4 3
1. Sample answer: c3 4
x
c 3 4 or c 3 4
1 1
7 1
x 1 1
The solutions are 1, 7.
x2 x x 9. x2 7x 12
1
The x2 and x terms are already isolated. Find 2
of
172 22 494
The area is x2 4x 4.
2. Graphing f(x) x2 5x 7 would not result in
an exact answer, and x2 5x 7 cannot be Add
49
to each side.
4
factored. 2 49 49
x 7x 12
1x 2
3. Divide each side by 5. 4 4
7 2 1
4. b2 6b 9 25 2
4
(b 3) 2 25 7 1
x 2 2
2(b 3) 2 125
0b 3 0 5
7 7 1 7
x 2 2 2 2
b 3 5 7 1
x 2
b 3 3 5 3 2
7 1 7 1
b3 5 x 2 2 or x 2 2
b 3 5 or b 3 5 6 8
2 or 3 2 or 4
b 2 b8
The solutions are 2, 8. The solutions are 4, 3.
5. m2 14m 49 20 10. v2 14v 9 6
2 14v 9 9 6 9
(m 7) 2 20 v
2(m 7) 2 120 v2 14v 15
0m 7 0 120
1
Find of 14 and square the result.
1 2
2
m 7 120 14 2
72 or 49
m 7 7 120 7 2
m 7 120 Add 49 to each side.

m 7 120 or m 7 120 v2 14v 49 15 49
m 11.5 m 2.5 (v 7) 2 64
The solutions are 11.5, 2.5. v 7 8
v 7 7 8 7
6. a2 12a c
1
v 7 8
Find 2
of 12. v 7 8 or v 7 8
1
(12) 6 1 15
2
457 Chapter 10
11. r2 4r 2 14. Let s represent the length of a side of the square.

The r2 and r terms are already isolated. Find
1
of The area of the square is then s2. When the
2 length is increased by 6 inches and the width by
142 22 (2)2 or 4
4 inches, the area of the resulting rectangle is
(s 6)(s 4). The area of the rectangle is twice
Add 4 to each side. the area of the square.
r2 4r 4 2 4 (s 6)(s 4) 2s2
(r 2) 2 6 s2
4s 6s 24 2s2
r 2 16 s2 10s 24 2s2
r 2 2 16 2 2 10s 24 s2 10s 2s2 s2 10s
s
r 2 16 24 s2 10s
r 2 16 or r 2 16 1
110
2 2
4.4 0.4 2
The solutions are 0.4, 4.4. (5) 2 or 25

12. a2 24a 9 0 Add 25 to each side and reverse the sides.
2 24a 9 9 0 9
a s2 10s 25 24 25
a2 24a 9 (s 5) 2 49
1
Find of 24 and square the result. s 5 7
1 2
2
24 2 s 5 5 7 5
2
(12) 2 or 144 s5 7
Add 144 to each side. s 5 7 or s 5 7
a2 24a 144 9 144 12 2
(a 12) 2 135 Since we are looking for a length, ignore the
a 12 1135 negative number. The length of a side of the
a 12 12 1135 12 square is 12 in.
a 12 1135
a 12 1135 or a 12 1135
23.6 0.4 Pages 542–543 Practice and Apply
2
The solutions are 0.4, 23.6. 15. b 4b 4 16
13. 2p2 5p 8 7 (b 2) 2 16
Since the coefficient of the p2 term is not 1, first 2(b 2) 2 116
divide each side by 2, the coefficient of the p2 0b 2 0 4
term. b 2 4
2p2 5p 8 7 b 2 2 4 2
2
2 b2 4
5 7
p2 2p 4 2 b 2 4 or b 2 4
5 7 2 6
p2 2p 4 4 2 4
5 1
p2 2p 2 16. t2 2t 1 25
1 5
Find 2 of 2 and square the result. (t 1) 2 25
3 1 24 1 2
2(t 1) 2 125
0t 1 0 5
1 5 2 5 2 25
2
2 4 or 16
25
Add 16 to each side. t 1 5
5 25 1 25
t 1 1 5 1
p2 2p 16 2 16 t 1 5
1 5 2
p 4 16
17
2 t 1 5
6
t 1 5
4
5
p 4 3 16
17 The solutions are 6, 4.
5 5 17 5
17. g2 8g 16 2
p 4 4 3 16 4 (g 4) 2 2
p4
5 17 2(g 4) 2 12
3 16 0g 4 0 12
5 17 5 17
p4 3 16 or p4 3 16 g 4 12
2.3 0.2 g 4 4 12 4
g 4 12
g 4 12 or g 4 12
2.6 5.4
The solutions are 2.6, 5.4.
Chapter 10 458
18. y2 12y 36 5 26. k2 11k c

(y 6) 2 5 Find
1
of 11 and square the result.
1 2
2
2(y 6) 2 15
0y 6 0 15
11 2 121
c 2
or 4
y 6 15 27. x2 cx 81
y 6 6 15 6 Square
c
and set it equal to 81. Then solve for c.
12
2
y 6 15 c 2
y 6 15 or y 6 15 2
81
3.8 8.2 c 2
81
1c4 2 4(81)
4
The solutions are 3.8, 8.2. 2
19. w2 16w 64 18 4
(w 8) 2 18 c2 324
2(w 8) 2 118 c 18
0w 8 0 118 28. x2 cx 144
w 8 118 Square
c
and set it equal to 144. Then solve for c.
12
2
w 8 8 118 8
c 2
w 8 118 2
144
w 8 118 or w 8 118 c 2
144
1 2 4(144)
12.2 3.8 4
c2
The solutions are 12.2, 3.8. 4 4
20. a2 18a 81 90
c2 576
(a 9) 2 90 c 24
2(a 9) 2 190 29. s2 4s 12 0
0a 9 0 190 2
s 4s 12 12 0 12
a 9 190
s2 4s 12
a 9 9 190 9 2
s 4s 4 12 4
a 9 190 (s 2) 2 16
a 9 190 or a 9 190 s 2 4
18.5 0.5 s 2 2 4 2
The solutions are 18.5, 0.5. s2 4
21. s2 16s c s 2 4 or s 2 4
1 2 6
1 2
2
16 2
c 2 30. d2 3d 10 0
82 or 64 d2 3d 10 10 0 10
22. y2 10y c d2 3d 10
9 9
1
of 10 d2 3d 4 10 4
1d 32 22 494
Find and square the result.
1 2
2
10 2
c 2
3 7
(5) 2 or 25 d 2 2
23. w2 22w c 3 3
d 2 2 2 2
7 3
1
Find of 22 and square the result. 3
d 2
7
1 2
2 2
22 2
c 2 d 2 2
3 7
˛˛ or d 2 2
3 7
112 or 121 10
2 or 5
4
2 or 2
24. a2 34a c The solutions are 5, 2.
1
1 2
2
34 2
c 2
172 or 289
25. p2 7p c
1
1 2
2
7 2 49
c 2
or 4
459 Chapter 10
31. y2 19y 4 70 36. d2 8d 7 0

2 2
y 19y 4 4 70 4 d 8d 7 7 0 7
y2 19y 66 d2 8d 7
2 8d 16 7 16
y2 19y
361
66
361 d
1 2
4 4
19 2 625 (d 4) 2 9
y 2 4
d 4 3
y 2
19
2
25 d 4 4 3 4
19 19 25 19
d4 3
y 2 2 2 2 d 4 3 or d 4 3
19
y 2 2
25 1 7
19 25 19 25
y 2 or y 2 2
2 37. s2 10s 23
˛˛˛˛˛˛
6 44 2 10s 25 23 25
2 or 3 2 or 22 s
The solutions are 3, 22. (s 5) 2 48
s 5 148
32. d2 20d 11 200
2 20d 11 11 200 11 s 5 5 148 5
d
s 5 148
d2 20d 189
2 20d 100 189 100 s 5 148 or s 5 148
d
1.9 11.9
(d 10) 2 289
d 10 17
d 10 10 17 10 38. m2 8m 4
2 8m 16 4 16
d 10 17 m
d 10 17 or d 10 17 (m 4) 2 20
27 7 m 4 120
The solutions are 27, 7. m 4 4 120 4
33. a2 5a 4 m 4 120
25 25 m 4 120 or m 4 120
a2 5a 4
1 2
4 4 0.5 8.5
5 9
a22 4 The solutions are 0.5, 8.5.
5 3 39. 9r2 49 42r
a2 2
9r2 49 42r 42r 42r
5 5 3 5
a 22 2 2 9r2 42r 49 0
a2
5 3 (3r 7) 2 0
2
5 3 5 3
3r 7 0
a22 ˛˛˛˛˛˛ or a 2 2 3r 7 7 0 7
2
2 or 1 2
8
or 4 3r 7
7 1
The solutions are 1, 4. r 3 or 23
34. p2 4p 21 The solution is
7 1
or 23.
3
2
p 4p 4 21 4
40. 4h2 25 20h
(p 2) 2 25
4h2 25 20h 20h 20h
p 2 5
4h2 20h 25 0
p 2 2 5 2
p2 5 (2h 5) 2 0
p 2 5 or p 2 5 2h 5 0
3 7 2h 5 5 0 5
2h 5
5
35. x2 4x 3 0 h2
2
x 4x 3 3 0 3 The solution is
5 1
or 22.
2
x2 4x 3
2
x 4x 4 3 4
(x 2) 2 1
x 2 1
x 2 2 1 2
x 2 1
x 2 1 or x 2 1
3 1
Chapter 10 460
41. 0.3t2 0.1t 0.2 44. 9w2 12w 1 0

2
0.3t 0.1t 0.2 9w2 12w 1 0
0.3
0.3 9
9
1 2 4 1
t2 3t 3 w2 3 w 9 0
1 1 2 1 4 1 1 1
t2 3t 36 36 w2 3 w 9 9 09
1 2
3
1 25 4 1
t62 36
w2 3w 9
4 4 1 4
1
t 6 6
5 w2 3 w 9 99
1
t 6 6 6 6
1 5 1 w32
2
1 2 5
9
1 5
t 6 6 w 3 3 9
2 5
1 5 1 5
t 6 6 or t 6 6 2 2 5 2
w 3 3 3 9 3
˛˛˛˛˛
6 4 2
6 or 1 6
or 3 2 5
2
w3 39
2 5 2 5
42. 0.4v2 2.5 2v w3 39 or w3 39
0.4v2 2.5 2v 0.1 1.4
0.4
0.4
25
v2 4 5v 1 2 5
45. d 4d 3 0
1 2 2(0)
2
25
v2 4 5v 5v 5v 1 2 5
2 2
d 4d 3
25
v2 5v 4 0
1 2
5
d2 2d 6 0
5
v22 0 5
d2 2 d 6 6 0 6
5
v 0 5
2 d2 2 d 6
5 5 5
v 0 5 25 25
2 2 2 d2 2d 16 6 16
1d 54 22 121
5 1
v or 2
22
16
5 1
The solution is or 22. 5 11
2 d 4 4
43. 5x2 10x 7 0 5 5 11 5
d 4 4 4 4
5x2 10x 7 0
5 11
5 5 d4 4
7
x2 2x 5 0 5 11 5 11
d4 4
or d 4 4
7 7 7
x2 2x 5 5 0 6 3 16
5 4 or 2 4 or 4
7
x2 2x 5 3
7
x2 2x 1 5
1 1 2 7 1
46. f 6f 2 0
1 2 3(0)
12 3
(x 1) 2 5 1 2 7 1
3 3
f 6f 2
12
x 1 3 5 7 3
f 2 2f 2 0
12
x 1 1 3 1 7 3 3 3
5 f 2 2f 2 2 0 2
12
x 1 35 3
f 2 2f
7
2
12 12 7 49 3 49
x 1 35 or x 1 35 f 2 2f 16 2 16
2.5 0.5 7
125
f 4 2 16 2
f 4 4
7 7 5 7
f 4 4 4 4
7 5
f4 4
7 5 7 5
f 4 4 or f 4 4 ˛˛˛
2 1 12
4 or 2 4 or 3
1
461 Chapter 10
47. x2 4x c 0 51. x2 4x 12 0
2 2
x 4x c c 0 c x 4x 12 12 0 12
x2 4x c x2 4x 12
2 4x 4 c 4 2 4x 4 12 4
x x
(x 2) 2 4 c (x 2) 2 8
x 2 14 c There are no real solutions since the square of a
x 2 2 14 c 2 number cannot be negative.
x 2 14 c 52. The dimensions of the photograph are 12 4x
2
48. x 6x c 0 and 12 2x. The area of the photograph is
x2 6x c c 0 c 54 square inches.
x2 6x c (12 4x)(12 2x) 54
2
x 6x 9 c 9 144 24x 48x 8x2 54
(x 3) 2 9 c 8x2 72x 144 54
x 3 19 c 8x2 72x 144

54
8 8
x 3 3 19 c 3 27
x 3 19 c x2 9x 18 4
49. area of garden 9 6 or 54 x2 9x 18 18
27
18
4
area of path 45
area of large rectangle area of garden x2 9x 4
(2x 9)(2x 6) 54 x2 9x
81

45 81
4
1x 2
4 4
4x2 12x 18x 54 54
9 2
4x2 30x 2 9
Since these areas are equal, set the expressions 9
x2 3
equal to each other and solve for x. 9 9 9
x 2 3 2
4x2 30x 54 2
4x2 30x 9

54 x2 3
4 4
9 9
15
x2 2 x
27 x23 ˛˛ or x23
2
15 225 27 225 3 15
x2 2 x 16 16 x 2 or 1.5 x or 7.5
1 2
2 2
x 4 2
15

441 Use x 1.5 because the solution must satisfy
16
15 21
12 2x 0. (The width must be positive.)
x 4 4 Then the width of the photograph is 12 2(1.5) or
15
x 4 4
15

21
4 4
15 9 inches, and the height is 12 4(1.5) or 6 inches.
15 21 53. Al-Khwarizmi used squares to geometrically
x 4 4
represent quadratic equations. Answers should
15 21 15 21
x 4 4
˛˛ or x 4 4
36 6 3 • Al-Khwarizmi represented x2 by a square
4 or 9 4 or 2
whose sides were each x units long. To this
3
Ignore the negative number. The path is 2
or square, he added 4 rectangles with length
8
1.5 m wide. x units long and width 4 or 2 units long. This
50. Replace y with 300 and solve for x. area represents 35. To make this a square,
four 4 4 squares must by added.
y 0.059x2 7.423x 362.1
300 0.059x2 7.423x 362.1
• To solve x2 8x 35 by completing the
300 0.059x2 7.423x 362.1
square, use the following steps.

0.059 0.059 x2 8x 35 Original equation
5084.75 x2 125.81x 6137.29 x2 8x 16 35 16 Since 182 22 16, add 16 to each side.
1052.54 x2 125.81x 2
(x 4) 51 Factor x2 8x 16.
2904.50 x2 125.81x 3957.04
x 4 151 Take the square root of each side.
2904.50 (x 62.91) 2
x 4 4 151 4 Subtract 4 from each side.
12904.50 x 62.91 x 4 151 Simplify.
62.91 12904.50 x x 4 151 or x 4 151
x 62.91 12904.50 or x 62.91 12904.50 x 11.14 x 3.14
9 117
or in 1909 or in 2017
54. C; 225 is not the square of any real number.
In the year 2017, an average American will
consume 300 pounds of bread and cereal per year. 55. A; x2 5x 14
25 25
x2 5x 14
1 2
4 4
5 81
A; x 2 2 4
Chapter 10 462
Page 544 Maintain Your Skills 60. y x2 3x 10

2
56. Graph f(x) x 7x 12. Sample answer:
Sample answer: x y y
x f(x) f (x ) 2 0
2 O 2 4 x
5 2 0 10
12 4
4 0 1
3 0 2 12 8
2 2 3 10
12
1 6 x
5 0
O y x 2 3x 10
f (x ) x 2 7x 12
61. y x2 3x 4
The x-intercepts of the graph are 4 and 3. Sample answer:
Thus, the solutions of the equation are 4 and 3. x y y
57. Graph f(x) x2 16. 0 4
O x
x f(x) f (x ) 1 2 y x 2 3x 4
4 0 4 2 O 2 4x 2 2
2 12 4 3 4
0 16 4 8
8
2 12
4 0 12
16 62. 14a2b3 2 7 a a b b b

f (x ) x 2 16 20a3b2c 2 2 5 a a a b b c
The x-intercepts of the graph are 4 and 4. 35ab3c2 5 7 a b b bcc
Thus, the solutions of the equation are 4 and 4. GCF: a b b or ab2
58. Graph f(x) x2 2x 6. 63. 32m2n3 2 2 2 2 2 m m n nn
x f(x) f (x ) 8m2n 2 2 2 m m n
1 9 56m3n2 2 2 2 7 m m m n n
0 6 GCF: 2 2 2 m m n or 8m2n
1 5 64. y 2x
f (x ) x 2 2x 6 xy9
2 6
Substitute 2x for y in the second equation.
3 9
xy9
x 2x 9
O x
3x 9
3x 9
The graph has no x-intercepts. Thus, the equation 3
3
has no real number solutions: . x3
59. y 4x2 16 Use y 2x to find the value of y.
Sample answer: y 2x
x y y y 2(3) or 6
2 32
65. x y 3
1 20 24
2x 3y 5
0 16
16 Substitute y 3 for x in the second equation.
1 20 y 4x 2 16 2x 3y 5
2 32 8 2(y 3) 3y 5
2y 6 3y 5
4 2 O 2 4x y 6 5
y 6 6 5 6
y 1
(1)(y) (1) (1)
y1
Use x y 3 to find the value of x.
xy3
x 1 3 or 4
463 Chapter 10
66. x 2y 3 72. 2b2 4ac 2(2) 2 4(1) (15)

3x y 23 14 60
Solve the first equation for x. 164
x 2y 3 8
x 2y 2y 3 2y 73. 2b2 4ac 272 4(2) (3)
x 2y 3
149 24
Substitute 2y 3 for x in the second equation. 125
3x y 23 5
3(2y 3) y 23 74. 2b2 4ac 252 4(1) (2)
6y 9 y 23 125 8
7y 9 23
133
7y 9 9 23 9
5.7
7y 14
7y 14
75. 2b2 4ac 272 4(2) (5)

7 7 149 40
y2 189
Use x 2y 3 to find the value of x. 9.4
x 2y 3
x 2(2) 3 or 7
1. In y x2 x 6, a 1 and b 1.
67. 3 6 x 6 1 68. x
2 or x 7 1
b
69. 5x 3y 7 x 2a
5x 3y 5x 7 5x (1)
x 2(1)
3y 5x 7
1
3y 5x 7 x 2 or 0.5
3
3
5 7 x 0.5 is the equation of the axis of symmetry.
y x 3
3 y x2 x 6
The slope of any line perpendicular to this line is y (0.5) 2 (0.5) 6
3 5
5, the opposite of the reciprocal of 3. y 0.25 0.5 6
Use the point-slope form. y 6.25
y y m(x x ) The vertex is at (0.5, 6.25).
1 1
3 The vertex is a minimum since the coefficient of
y (2) 5 (x 8)
the x2 term is positive.
3 24
y 2 5 x 5 y
3 24
y 2 2 5 x 5
2
O x
3 14
y 5 x 5
70. We use the points (2, 0) and (0, 2). Find the
slope.
y2 y1
mx x1
2
2 0
0 2
y x2 x 6
2
2
or 1
Use the slope-intercept form.
y mx b
y x (2)
yx2
71. We use the points (1, 2) and (0, 0). Find the
slope.
y2 y1
mx x1
2
0 2
0 (1)
2
1
or 2
Use the slope-intercept form.
y mx b
y 2x 0
y 2x
Chapter 10 464
2. In y 2x2 3, a 2 and b 0. 5. Graph f(x) x2 2x 1.

x 2a
b Sample answer:
0 x f(x) f (x )
x 2(2) or 0
1 2
0 1
y 2x2 3
1 2
y 2(0) 2 3 x
2 1 O
y 0 3 or 3
3 2
f (x ) x 2 2x 1
The vertex is a minimum since the coefficient of
the x2 term is positive.
y The x-intercepts lie between 1 and 0 and
21
18 between 2 and 3. So, one root is between 1
15 and 0, and the other is between 2 and 3.
12 6. Graph f(x) x2 5x 6.
9 Sample answer:
6
y 2x 2 3
3 x f(x) ( )
6 f x
O
4321 x 1 0 4
3 1 2 3 4
0 6 2
O
2 12 422 2 4 6 8 10 12 x
3. In y 3x2 6x 5, a 3 and b 6.
4 10 4
b
x 2a 6 0 6
(6) 8
x 2(3) 10
6
x 6 or 1 12
14
x 1 is the equation of the axis of symmetry. f (x ) x 2 5x 6
y 3x2 6x 5 The x-intercepts are 1 and 6. Thus, the
y 3(1) 2 6(1) 5 solutions of the equation are 1 and 6.
3 6 5 7. s2 8s 15
8 s 2 8s 16 15 16
The vertex is at (1, 8). (s 4) 2 1
The vertex is a maximum since the coefficient of s 4 1
the x2 term is negative. s 4 4 1 4
y s 4 1
s 4 1 or s 4 1
y 3x 2 6x 5 5 3
8. a2 10a 24
2 10a 25 24 25
a
(a 5) 2 1
a 5 1
O x a 5 5 1 5
a5 1
4. Graph f(x) x2 6x 10. a 5 1 or a 5 1
Sample answer: 4 6
x f(x) f (x )
9. y2 14y 49 5
5 5
(y 7) 2 5
4 2
y 7 15
3 1
y 7 7 15 7
2 2
y 715
1 5 x y 7 15 or y 7 15
O
f (x ) x 2 6x 10 4.8 9.2
The graph has no x-intercepts. The equation has
no real number solutions: .
465 Chapter 10
10. 2b2 b 7 14 5. y x2 6x 1
2b2 b 7

14 y (x2 6x 9) 1 9
2 2
2 1 7 y (x 3) 2 10
b 2b 2 7
The vertex is (3, 10) .
1 7 7 7
b2 2b 2 2 72 y
1 21
b2 2b 2 y x 2 6x 1 4
1 1 21 1
b2 2b 16 16
1 2
2
1 2 169 6 4 2 O 2x
b4 16
4
1 13
b4 4
1 1 13 1
8
b 4 4 4 4
1 13
b4 4
1 13 1 13
b4 4
or b 4
4

12
4 or 3
14
4
7
or 2
10-4 Solving Quadratic Equations
The solutions are 3, 3.5. by Using the Quadratic Formula
Page 545 Graphing Calculator Investigation 1. Sample answer: (1) Factor x2 2x 15 as
(Follow-Up of Lesson 10-3) (x 3)(x 5). Then according to the Zero Product
Property, either x 3 0 or x 5 0. Solving
1. y a(x h) 2 k
these equations, x 3 or x 5. (2) Rewrite the
The vertex is (h, k) . equation as x2 2x 15. Then add 1 to each side
2. y x2 2x 3 of the equation to complete the square on the left
y (x2 2x 1 ) 3 1 side. Then (x 1)2 16. Taking the square root
y (x 1 ) 2 4 of each side, x 1 4. Therefore, x 1 4 and
3. y x2 2x 7 x 3 or x 5. (3) Use the Quadratic Formula.
y (x2 2x 1) 7 1 2 2(2) 2 4(1) (15)
Therefore, x 2(1)
or
y (x 1) 2 8 2 164
x .Simplifying the expression, x 3
The vertex is (1, 8) . 2
or x 5. See students’ preferences.
y
2. Sample answer: x2 x 5 0. See students’
O x
work. Any quadratic equation for which the
discriminant is negative is correct.
3. Juanita; you must first write the equation in the
form ax2 bx c 0 to determine the values of
a, b, and c. Therefore, the value of c is 2, not 2.
4. x2 7x 6 0
y x 2 2x 7 b 2b2 4ac
x 2a
7 272 4(1) (6)
2
4. y x 4x 8 2(1)
7 149 24
y (x2 4x 4) 8 4 2
y (x 2) 2 4 7 125
2
The vertex is (2, 4).
7 5
y 2
7 5 7 5
x 2
or x 2
6 1
y x 2 4x 8
O x
Chapter 10 466
5. t2 11t 12 9. w2 25 5w
2 3
2
t 11t 12 12 12 2 3 3 3
w2 25 5w 5w 5w
t2 11t 12 0
3 2
b 2b2 4ac w2 5w 25 0
1 2
t 2a
3 2
11 2112 4(1) (12) 25 w2 5w 25 25 0
2(1)
11 1121 48 25w2 15w 2 0
2 b 2b2 4ac
w
11 1169 2a
2 (15) 2(15) 2 4(25) (2)
11 13
2
2(25)
15 1225 200
11 13 11 13
t 2
or t 2
50
15 125
12 1 50
15 5
50
6. r2 10r 12 0 15 5 15 5
b 2b2 4ac w 50
or w 50
r 2a 10 1 20 2
or 5 or 5
10 2102 4(1) (12) 50 50
2(1) 1 2
The solutions are , .
5 5
10 1100 48
2 10. m2 5m 6 0

10 152 b2 4ac 52 4(1) (6)
2 25 24
10 152 10 152
r 2
or r 2
49
8.6 1.4 Since the discriminant is positive, the equation
The solutions are 8.6, 1.4. has 2 real roots.
7. 3v2 5v 11 0 11. s2 8s 16 0
b 2b2 4ac b2 4ac 82 4(1) (16)
v 2a 64 64

5 252 4(3) (11) 0
2(3)
5 125 132
Since the discriminant is 0, the equation has
6 1 real root.

5 1107 12. 2z2 z 50
6 2
2z z 50 50 50
; There are no real solutions because the
2z2 z 50 0
discriminant is negative.
b2 4ac 12 4(2) (50)
8. 4x2 2x 17 1 400
2
4x 2x 17 17 17 399
4x2 2x 17 0 Since the discriminant is negative, the equation
b 2b2 4ac
x 2a
has no real roots.
2 222 4(4) (17) 13. Write an expression for the volume of the pan.
2(4) V /wh
2 14 272 (x 4) (x 4) (2)
8
2 1276
(x2 8x 16)(2)
8 2x2 16x 32
2 1276 2 1276 The volume is to be 441 cubic centimeters.
x 8
or x 8
2.3 1.8 2x2 16x 32 441
2x2 16x 409 0
(16) 2(16) 2 4(2) (409)
x 2(2)
16 13528
4
16 13528 16 13528
x 4
or x 4
10.8 18.8
Ignore the negative number. The original sheet
should be about 18.8 cm by 18.8 cm.
467 Chapter 10
Pages 550–552 Practice and Apply 19. r2 25 0

14. x2 3x 18 0 r
b 2b2 4ac
b 2b2 4ac 2a
x 0 10 4(1) (25)
2a 2(1)
3 232 4(1) (18)
1100
2(1) 2
3 181
2 ; There are no real solutions because the
3 9
2
3 9 3 9 20. 2x2 98 28x
x 2
or x 2 2 98 28x 28x 28x
2x
6 3 2x2 28x 98 0
The solutions are 6, 3. b 2b2 4ac
x
15. v2 12v 20 0 2a
b 2b2 4ac (28) 2(28) 2 4(2) (98)
v 2(2)
2a
12 2122 4(1) (20) 28 10
4
2(1)
28

12 164 4
or 7
2
12 8 The solution set is {7}.
2
12 8 12 8 21. 4s2 100 40s
v 2
or v 2 2
4s 100 40s 40s 40s
10 2 4s2 40s 100 0
The solutions are 10, 2. s
b 2b2 4ac
2a
16. 3t2 7t 20 0
(40) 2(40) 2 4(4) (100)
b 2b2 4ac
t 2a
2(4)
40 10
(7) 2(7) 2 4(3) (20)
2(3) 40
8
or 5
7 1289 8
6 The solution set is {5}.
7 17
6 22. 2r2 r 14 0
7 17 7 17 b 2b2 4ac
t 6
or t 6
r 2a
10 2 24 1 212 4(2) (14)
6 or 13 6
or 4 2(2)
2
1 1113
4
2
17. 5y y 4 0 1 1113 1 1113
r 4
or r 4
b 2b2 4ac
y 2a 2.9 2.4
(1) 2(1) 2 4(5) (4) The solutions are 2.9, 2.4.
2(5)
1 181 23. 2n2 7n 3 0
10 b 2b2 4ac
1 9
n 2a
10 (7) 2(7) 2 4(2) (3)
1 9 1 9
y 10
or y 10
2(2)
7 173

4
1 4
5
7 173 7 173
4 n 4
or n 4
18. x2 25 0 0.4 3.9

b 2b2 4ac The solutions are 0.4, 3.9.
x 2a 24. 5v2 7v 1
0 202 4(1) (25) 2 7v 1 1 1
2(1)
5v
1100 5v2 7v 1 0
2 b 2b2 4ac
10 v
2
2a
(7) 2(7) 2 4(5) (1)
5 2(5)
7 169
The solutions are 5, 5. 10
7 169 7 169
v 10
or v 10
0.1 1.5
Chapter 10 468
25. 11z2 z 3 29. 2x2 0.7x 0.3

2 2
11z z 3 3 3 2x 0.7x 0.3 0.3 0.3
11z2 z 3 0 2x2 0.7x 0.3 0
b 2b2 4ac 0.7 2(0.7) 2 4(2) (0.3)
z 2a
x 2(2)
(1) 2(1) 2 4(11) (3) 0.7 12.89
4
2(11)
0.7 1.7
1 1133
22
4
0.7 1.7 0.7 1.7
1 1133 1 1133 x or x
z 22
or z 22
4 4
2.4 1
0.5 0.6 4
4
The solutions are 0.5, 0.6. 0.6 0.3
26. 2w2 (7w 3) The solutions are 0.3, 0.6.
5 1
2w 2 (7w 3) (7w 3) (7w 3) 30. 2y2 4y 2
2w2 7w 3 0 5 1
2y2 4y 2 2 2
1 1
b 2b2 4ac
w 5 1
2a 2y2 4y 2 0
1 2
7 272 4(2) (3)
2(2)
5 1
4 2y2 4y 2 4(0)
7 125
4 8y2 5y 2 0
7 5 b 2b2 4ac
4
y 2a
7 5 7 5 (5) 2(5) 2 4(8) (2)
w 4
or w 4 2(8)
1
3 2 5 189
16
1
The solutions are 3, 2. 5 189 5 189
y 16
or y 16
27. 2(12g2 g) 15
0.3 0.9
24g2 2g 15
24g 2 2g 15 15 15 The solutions are 0.3, 0.9.
1 2 3
24g2 2g 15 0 31. 2
v v4
2
b 2b 4ac 1 2 3 3 3
g 2a v v4 44
2
(2) 2(2) 2 4(24) (15) 1 2 3
v v4 0
1 2 4(0)
2(24) 2
2 11444 1 2 3
4 2
v v4
48
2 38 2
2v 4v 3 0
48
b 2b2 4ac
g
2 38
or g
2 38 v 2a
48 48
36 3 (4) 2(4) 2 4(2) (3)
or 4
40
or 6
5
2(2)
48 48
3 5 4 140
The solutions are , .
4 6
4
28. 1.34d2 1.1d 1.02 v
4 140
v
4 140
2 4 4
1.34d 1.1d 1.02 1.02 1.02
1.34d2 1.1d 1.02 0 0.6 2.6
2
b 2b 4ac The solutions are 0.6, 2.6.
d 2a
(1.1) ; 2(1.1) 2 4(1.34) (1.02)
2(1.34)
1.1 14.2572
2.68
; There are no real solutions because the
469 Chapter 10
32. Write an equation for the perimeter. 34. Let n be the first odd integer. Then n 2 is the
2/ 2w 60 next odd integer. Write an equation for the
Solve for . product and solve.
2/ 2w 60 n(n 2) 255
2/ 60 2w n2 2n 255
2
n 2n 255 0
2/ 60 2w

2 2 2 222 4(1) (255)
n
/ 30 w 2(1)
2 11024
Thus, the length and width can be expressed as 2
30 w and w, respectively. Write an equation for 2 32

the area and solve. 2
2 32 2 32
(30 w)(w) 221 n 2
or n 2
30w w2 221 17 15
2
w 30w 221 0 When n 17, n 2 17 2 or 15.
30 2302 4(1) (221) When n 15, n 2 15 2 or 17.
w 2(1)
30 116 The numbers are 17 and 15 or 15 and 17.
2 35. Let n be the first odd integer. Then n 2 is the
30 4
2
next odd integer. Write an equation for the sum of
30 4 30 4 their squares.
w 2
or w 2
n2 (n 2) 2 130
17 13 n (n2 4n 4) 130
2
When w 17, 30 17 or 13. 2n2 4n 4 130
When w 13, 30 13 or 17. 2n2 4n 126 0
The rectangle is 13 in. by 17 in. 4 242 4(2) (126)
n 2(2)
33. Write an equation for the perimeter.
4 11024
2/ 2w 42 4
Solve for .
4 32
4
2/ 2w 42 4 32 4 32
2/ 42 2w n 4
or n 4
2/

42 2w 9 7
2 2
When n 9, n 2 9 2 or 7.
/ 21 w
When n 7, n 2 7 2 or 9.
Thus, the length and width can be expressed as The numbers are 9 and 7 or 7 and 9.
21 w and w, respectively. Write an equation for
36. f(x) 4x2 9x 4
the area and solve.
To find the x-intercepts, set f(x) 0 and solve for x.
(21 w)(w) 80
4x2 9x 4 0
21w w2 80
b 2b2 4ac
2
w 21w 80 0 x 2a
21 2212 4(1) (80) (9) 2(9) 2 4(4) (4)
w 2(1) 2(4)
21 1121
2
9 117
8
21 11
9 117 9 117
2 x 8
or x 8
21 11 21 11
w 2
w 2 0.6 1.6
16 5 The x-intercepts are about 0.6 and about 1.6.
When w 16, 21 16 or 5. 37. f(x) 13x2 16x 4
When w 5, 21 5 or 16.
To find the x-intercepts, set f(x) 0 and solve for x.
The rectangle is 5 cm by 16 cm.
13x2 16x 4 0
b 2b2 4ac
x 2a
(16) 2(16) 2 4(13) (4)
2(13)
16 1464
26
16 1464 16 1464
x 26
or x 26
0.2 1.4
The x-intercepts are about 0.2 and about 1.4.
Chapter 10 470
38. x2 3x 4 0 45. f(x) x2 4x 7

b2 4ac (3) 2 4(1) (4) The number of x-intercepts is equal to the
9 16 number of roots of the equation x2 4x 7 0.
25 b2 4ac 42 4(1) (7)
Since the discriminant is positive, the equation 16 28
has 2 real roots. 12
39. y2 3y 1 0 Since the discriminant is negative, the graph of
b2 4ac 32 4(1)(1) the function has 0 x-intercepts.
94 46. h(t) 16t2 35t 5
5 To find how many chances Jorge will have, set
Since the discriminant is positive, the equation h(t) 25 and solve for t.
has 2 real roots. 25 16t2 35t 5
40. 4p2 10p 6.25 25 25 16t2 35t 5 25
4p2 10p 6.25 6.25 6.25 0 16t2 35t 20
4p2 10p 6.25 0 Check the discriminant.
b2 4ac 102 4(4)(6.25) b2 4ac (35) 2 4(16)(20)
100 100 1225 1280
0 55
Since the discriminant is 0, the equation has Since the discriminant is negative, there are no
1 real root. real solutions to the equation. Jorge has no
41. 1.5m2 m 3.5 chances to catch the camera.
2
1.5m m 3.5 3.5 3.5 47. Set h(t) 0 and solve for t.
1.5m2 m 3.5 0
0 16t2 35t 5
b2 4ac 12 4(1.5)(3.5) b 2b2 4ac
1 21 t 2a
20 35 2352 4(16) (5)
2(16)
Since the discriminant is negative, the equation
35 11545
has no real roots. 32
1 2
42. 2r2 2
r 3 t
35 11545
t
35 11545
32 32
1 2 1 2 1 2
2r2 2r 3 2
r 3
2r 3 2.3 0.1
2
2r
1
r
2
0 Ignore the negative number. The camera will hit
1 2 123 2
2 3
the ground after about 2.3 seconds.
1 2
b2 4ac 2
4(2) 48. Replace s with 96 and solve for t.

1
3
16
s 96t 16t2
4
3 64 96 96t 16t2
12
12 0 16t2 96t 96
61
12 t
96 2962 4(16) (96)
2(16)
Since the discriminant is negative, the equation 96 13072
has no real roots. 32
4 2 96 13072 96 13072
43. 3
n 4n 3 t 32
or t 32
4 2
n 4n 3 3 3 4.7 1.3
3
4 2 The distance, s, is 96 feet when t is about
n 4n 3 0
143 2 (3)
3 1.3 seconds and again when t is about 4.7 seconds.
b2 4ac 42 4
16 16
0
Since the discriminant is 0, the equation has
1 real root.
44. f(x) 7x2 3x 1
The number of x-intercepts is equal to the
number of roots of 7x2 3x 1 0.
b2 4ac (3) 2 4(7)(1)
9 28
37
Since the discriminant is positive, the graph of
the function has 2 x-intercepts.
471 Chapter 10
49. Let L 20, D 6, and H 10. Solve for v. 54. If a population trend can be modeled by a
1200 HD quadratic function, the Quadratic Formula can be
4v2 5v 2 L used to solve when the function equals a
1200(10) (6)
4v2 5v 2 20
particular value. Answers should include the
2
4v 5v 2 3600 following.
4v2 5v 2 3600 3600 3600 • 15 0.0055t2 0.0796t 5.2810
4v2 5v 3602 0 Original equation
b 2b2 4ac 15 15 0.0055t2 0.0796t 5.2810 15
v 2a Subtract 15 from each side.

5 252 4(4) (3602) 0 0.0055t2 0.0796t 9.7190
2(4)
5 157,657
Simplify.
b 2b2 4ac
8
t 2a
Quadratic Formula
5 157,657 5 157,657
v 8
v 8 2
(0.0796) 2(0.0796) 4(0.0055) (9.7190)
t
30.6 29.4 2(0.0055)
Ignore the negative number. The water is flowing a 0.0055, b 0.0796, and c 9.7190.
0.0796 10.22015416
at a rate of about 29.4 feet per second. t 0.011
Simplify.
50. The equation 0 ax2 10x 3 will have 2 real t
0.0796 10.22015416
or t
0.0796 10.22015416
0.011 0.011
solutions if the discriminant is positive.
t 35.42 t 49.89
b2 4ac 7 0
2
10 4a(3) 7 0 • Graphing the related function would not give
100 12a 7 0 precise solutions. The quadratic equation
100 12a 100 7 0 100 cannot be factored and completing the square
12a 7 100 would involve difficult computations.
12a 100 55. A; the discriminant is negative.
12
6 12
25 1
b2 4ac (5) 2 4(8) (1)
a 6 3
or 83 7
The graph of the function has two x-intercepts b 2b2 4ac 5 252 4(2) (1)
1 56. C; 2a
2(2)
when a 6 83.
5 117
51. 150 0.048x2 1.87x 154 4
150 150 0.048x2 1.87x 154 150
0 0.048x2 1.87x 4
x
b 2b2 4ac Page 552 Maintain Your Skills
2a 2
57. x 8x 7
1.87 2(1.87) 2 4(0.048) (4)
2(0.048) x2 8x 16 7 16

1.87 14.264 (x 4) 2 9
0.096
x 4 3
1.87 14.264 1.87 14.264
x 0.096
or x 0.096
x 4 4 3 4
41.0 2.0 x4 3
When y 150, x 2.0 or x 41.0. x 4 3 or x 4 3
1 7
52. Ignoring the negative solution, we would expect
the death rate to be 150 per 100,000 in 1970 41 The solutions are 1, 7.
or 2011. 58. a2 2a 5 20
53. Solve for x when y 0. a2 2a 5 5 20 5
a2 2a 15
0 0.048x2 1.87x 154 2 2a 1 15 1
a
1.87 2(1.87) 2 4(0.048) (154)
x 2(0.048) (a 1) 2 16

1.87 133.0649 a 1 4
0.096 a 1 1 4 1
1.87 133.0649 1.87 133.0649
x 0.096
or x 0.096
a 1 4
79.4 40.4 a 1 4 or a 1 4
5 3
We would expect the death rate to be 0 per
100,000 79 years after 1970 or about 2049.
Sample answer: No; the death rate from cancer
will never be 0 unless a cure is found. If and
when a cure will be found cannot be predicted.
Chapter 10 472
59. n2 12n 5 63. 15xy3 y4 y3 (15x) y3 (y)

2 y3 (15x y)
n 12n 36 5 36
(n 6) 2 41 64. 2ax 6xc ba 3bc (2ax 6xc) (ba 3bc)
n 6 141 2x(a 3c) b(a 3c)
n 6 6 141 6 (a 3c) (2x b)
n 6 141 65. 0.000000000000000000001672 1.672 1021
n 6 141 or n 6 141 66. x
2
0.4 12.4 y45
y
60. x2 x 6
2 x2
x x666
x2 x 6 0
Graph f(x) x2 x 6.
O x
Sample answer: y45
x f(x) f (x )
2 0
1 4 O x
0 6 67. x y 7 2
1 6 xy
2
2 4 y
3 0
f (x ) x 2 x 6
xy2
The x-intercepts of the graph are 2 and 3. The O x
solutions of the equation are 2 and 3.
61. 2x2 x 2 xy2
2
2x x 2 2 2
2x2 x 2 0
Graph f(x) 2x2 x 2. 68. y 7 x
Sample answer: y
x4
x f(x) f (x ) y
2 4 yx4
1 1
0 2
1 1
O x
2 8 x
O
yx
f (x ) 2x 2 x 2
The x-intercepts of the graph lie between 2 and Exercises 69–71 For checks, see students’ work.
1 and between 0 and 1. So, one root is between 69. 2m 7 7 17
2 and 1, and the other root is between 0 and 1. 2m 7 7 7 17 7
62. Graph f(x) x2 3x 6. 2m 7 10
2m 10
x f(x) f (x ) f (x ) x 2 3x 6 2
7 2
2 4 m 7 5
{m 0m 7 5}
1 2
70. 2 3x 2
0 6
2 3x 2 2 2
2 8 3x 4
4 2 3x 4
3

3
5 4 4
x
3
5x 0x
43 6
O x
The x-intercepts of the graph lie between 2 and

1 and between 4 and 5. So, one root is between
2 and 1, and the other root is between 4 and 5.
473 Chapter 10
71. 20 8 7k 72. c(ax ) 1(24 ) 3. Solve the first equation for y.
20 8 8 7k 8 1(16) or 16 1.8x y 3.6
28 7k y 3.6 1.8x
28 7k
7
7 Enter y 3.6 1.8x as Y .
1
4 k Enter y x2 3x 1 as Y2.
{k 0k
4} Graph.
73. c(ax ) 3(72 ) 74. c(ax ) 2(53 ) Approximate the first intersection point.
3(49) or 147 2(125) or 250
KEYSTROKES: 2nd [CALC] 5 ENTER ENTER
ENTER
1. Enter y 2(2x 3) as Y .
1
Enter y x2 2x 3 as Y2.
Then graph.
Approximate the intersection point. [10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
Use the TRACE feature and right arrow to move
ENTER the cursor near the other intersection point. Use
the intersect feature again to approximate the
other intersection point.
[5, 1] scl: 1 by [1, 15] scl: 1

2. Solve the first equation for y. The solutions are approximately (1.6, 6.5) and
(2.8, 1.5).
y50
y5 4. Enter y 1.4x 2.88 as Y .
1
Enter y 5 as Y1. Enter y x2 0.4x 3.14 as Y .
2
Graph.
Enter y x2 as Y .
2
Approximate the first intersection point.
Graph.
ENTER
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1

The graphs do not intersect. Thus, the system has
no solution. [10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
Use the TRACE feature and left arrow to move

the cursor near the other intersection point. Use
the intersect feature again.
The solutions are approximately (1.9, 0.2) and

(0.1, 3.1).
Chapter 10 474
5. Enter y x2 3.5x 2.2 as Y1. The graphs are the same shape. The graph of
y 2x 3 is the graph of y 2x translated
Enter y 2x 5.3625 as Y2.
3 units up. The graph of y 2x 4 is the graph
Graph. of y 2x translated 4 units down.
Approximate the intersection point. 2. Enter y 2x as Y .
1
Enter y 2x5 as Y .
2
ENTER Enter y 2x4 as Y .
3
Then graph.
[1, 5] scl: 1 by [5, 5] scl: 1

6. Enter y 0.35x 1.648 as Y1. The graphs are the same shape. The graph of
y 2x 5 is the graph of y 2x translated 5 units
Enter y 0.2x2 0.28x 1.01 as Y . to the left. The graph of y 2x 4 is the graph of
2
Graph. y 2x translated 4 units to the right.
Approximate the first intersection point. 3. Enter y 2x as Y .
1
KEYSTROKES: 2nd [CALC] 5 ENTER ENTER Enter y 3x as Y2.
ENTER Enter y 5x as Y3.
Then graph.
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1

Use the TRACE feature and left arrow to move All of the graphs cross the y-axis at 1. The graph
the cursor near the other intersection point. Use of y 3x is steeper than the graph of y 2x, and
the intersect feature again. the graph of y 5x is steeper yet.
4. Enter y 3 2x as Y .
1
Enter y 3(2x 1) as Y .
2
Enter y 3(2x 1) as Y3.
Then graph.
The solutions are approximately (3.8, 3.0) and

(3.5, 0.4).
10-5 Exponential Functions

The graphs are the same shape. The graph of
Page 556 Graphing Calculator Investigation y 3(2x 1) is the graph of y 3(2x) translated
1. Enter y 2x as Y . 3 units down. The graph of y 3(2x 1) is the
1
graph of y 3(2x) translated 3 units up.
Enter y 2x 3 as Y .
2
Enter y 2x 4 as Y .
3
Then graph.
475 Chapter 10
Pages 557–558 Check for Understanding 6. y 9x

1. Never; there is no value of x for which ax 0. Sample answer:
2. Sample answer: y 2x
x 9x y y
The y-intercept of the graph is 1. The graph 80
92
1
increases quickly for x 0. 2 81
60
91
1
y 1 9
40
0 90 1
1 91 9 20
y 9x
2 92 81
4 2 O 2 4x
y 2x The y-intercept is 1.
O x 90.8 5.8
113 2x decreases as x increases.

7. y 2 3x
3. Kiski; the graph of y Sample answer:
4. y 3x x 2 3x y y
56
Sample answer:
232
2
2 9
48
x 3x y y 40
231
35 2
1 32
32
1
2 9
30 3
24
25 0 230 2 16
31
1
1 20 231
3 1 6 8 y 2 · 3x
15
0 30 1 10
2 2 32 18 4 3 2 1O 1 2 3 4x
8
1 31 3 5 y 3x
2 32 9 4 3 2 1O 1 2 3 4x
5 The y-intercept is 2.
3 33 27
8. y 4(5x 10)
The y-intercept is 1. Sample answer:
31.2 3.7
12
x 4(5x 10) y
1 x
5. y
4(52
21
4 2 10) 3925
Sample answer:
12
4(51 10)
1
1 395
1 x
x y y
4
4(50 10) 36
114 22
56 0
48
2 16 1 4(51 10) 20
40
114 21
32 2 4(52 10) 60
1 4 24
114 20
y
x 16 40
0 1 ()
y 14 8
114 21 1 4 3 2 1O 1 2 3 4x 20
1 8
114 22
4
2
1 4 2 O 2 4x
16
20
114 21.7 0.1 40 y 4(5x 10)

9. Yes; the domain values are at regular intervals,
and the range values have a common ratio 6.
10. No; the domain values are at regular intervals,
and the range values have a common difference 4.
11. 264 1.84 1019 grains.
Chapter 10 476
12. Divide the number of grains by the number of

grains per pound to find the number of pounds.
16. y 115 2x
11.84
2.4 2 1 10 2
Sample answer:
1.84 1019 19
10
2.4 104
4
x y y
40
0.767 or 7.67 1015 1014 2 25
Now divide the number of pounds by 2000 of 1 5 30
2 103 to find the number of tons.
17.67
2 2 1 10 2
0 1
7.67 1014 10 14 20
2 103
3 1
1
5
3.84 1011 x 10
2
1
25
y 5 (1)
The man will receive about 3.84 1011 tons of
rice the last day. 4 2 O 2 4x
Pages 558–560 Practice and Apply 115 20.5 0.4
13. y 5x 17. y 6x
x y y x y y
40 80
1 1
2 25 2 36
30 60
1 1
1 5 1 6
20 40
0 1 0 1
1 5 10 1 6 20
y 5x y 6x
2 25 2 36
4 2 O 2 4x 4 2 O 2 4x
The y-intercept is 1. The y-intercept is 1.

51.1 5.9 60.3 1.7
14. y 10x 18. y 8x
x y y y
40 x y
1 80
2 100 2
1
30 64
1 60
1 10 1
1
8
20
0 1 40
0 1
1 10 10 1 8 20
2 100 y 10x y 8x
2 64
4 2 O 2 4x
4 2 O 2 4x
100.3 2.0
1101 2x
80.8 5.3
15. y
19. y 5(2x )
x y y
40 x y y
2 100 40
1
2 14
1 10 30
30
1
0 1 1 22
20
1 20
1 10 0 5
x 10 1 10
2
1
100
(1)
y 10 10
y 5(2x)
2 20
4 2 O 2 4x
4 2 O 2 4x
1101 21.3 20.0
477 Chapter 10
20. y 3(5x ) 24. y 5(2x ) 4

x y y x y y
40 40
3 1
2 2 54
25
30 1
30
1
3
1 62
5
20 20
0 3 0 9
1 15 10 y 3(5x ) 1 14 10
2 75 2 24 y 5(2x) 4
4 2 O 2 4x 4 2 O 2 4x

21. y 3x 7 25. y 2(3x 1)
x y y x y y
30 40
2
2
8
69 2 29
20 30
2
1 63
2
1 23
10 20
0 6 0 4
1 4 1 8 10
4 2 O 2 4x y 2(3x 1)
2 2 2 20
10 y3 7 x
4 2 O 2 4x
3 20

22. y 2x 4 26. y 3(2x 5)
y x y y
x y
16 1
2
1
44 2 144 20
12 1
1
1
42 1 132 10
8
0 5 0 12
4 2 O 2 4x
1 6 4 1 9
y 2x 4 10
2 8 2 3
y 3(2x 5)
4 2 O 2 4x

23. y 2(3x ) 1 27. No; the domain values are at regular intervals,
Sample answer: and the range values have a common difference 3.
x y y
and the range values have a common ratio 0.5.
7
2 9 29. Yes; the domain values are at regular intervals,
1 and the range values have a common ratio 0.75.
1 3
30. No; the domain values are at regular intervals,
0 1 but the range values do not have a positive
1 5 y 2(3x) 1 common ratio.
2 17 31. No; the domain values are at regular intervals,
O x
but the range values do not change.
The y-intercept is 1. and the range values have a common ratio 0.5.
Chapter 10 478
33. T(x) 12(1.12)x 40. D(x) 20(1.1)x

In 2005, x 10. Week Distance (miles)
T(10) 12(1.12)10
1 22
37.27
2 24.2
In 2005, the sales are expected to be about
$37.27 million. 3 26.62
In 2006, x 11. 4 29.282
T(11) 12(1.12)11 41. Continue to find D(x) for integers greater than 4.
41.74 A partial table is shown.
In 2006, the sales are expected to be about
Week Distance(miles)
$41.74 million.
9 about 47.2
In 2007, x 12.
T(12) 12(1.12)12 10 about 51.9
46.75 The runner will exceed 50 miles for the first time
In 2007, the sales are expected to be about in the 10th week.
$46.75 million.
34. T(x) 12(1.12)x
42. Graph y 5x and y 115 2x in the same coordinate
115 2x is the graph of y 5x reflected
plane or viewing rectangle. You will see that the
Sample answer:
graph of y
x T(x) T (x ) around the y-axis.
16
0 12 43. Graph y 5x and y 5x 2 in the same
1 13.44 12 coordinate plane or viewing rectangle. You will
2 15.05 T (x ) 12(1.12)x see that the graph of y 5x 2 is the graph of
8
3 16.86 y 5x translated 2 units up.
4 44. Graph y 5x and y 5x 4 in the same
coordinate plane or viewing rectangle. You will
see that the graph of y 5x 4 is the graph of
4 2 O 2 4x
y 5x translated 4 units down.
The y-intercept is 12. 45. If the number of items on each level of a piece of
35. The y-intercept represents the sales 0 years after art is a given number times the number of items
1995. There were $12 million in sales in 1995. on the previous level, an exponential function can
be used to describe the situation. Answers should
36. There are four 15-minute time periods in
one hour. Thus, the process will be completed
four times. Each time the number of bacteria • For the carving of the pliers, y 2x.
doubles. Thus, there are 100 (24) or 1600 bacteria • For this situation, x is an integer between 0
after one hour. and 8, inclusive. The values of y are 1, 2, 4, 8,
1 16, 32, 64, 128, and 256.
37. Since 3 of the schools remain after each round, we
1 y
multiply by 3 for each round.
y 729 113 2x
38. Let x 3.
y 729 113 23
729 1 27 2
1
y 2x
27
O x
There are 27 schools after 3 rounds.
39. Consider y for various values of x. In particular, 46. B; f(x) 6x is an exponential function since the
let x 6.
113 26
variable is the exponent.
y 729 47. A; graph y 2x and y 6x in the same coordinate
729 1 729 2
1 plane or viewing rectangle. You will see that the
graph of y 6x is steeper than the graph of y 2x.
1
After 6 rounds, there will be only one school
remaining. This school is the winner.
479 Chapter 10
Page 560 Maintain Your Skills 53. t2 6t 3 0

48. x2 9x 36 0 2
t 6t 3 3 0 3
b 2b2 4ac
x 2a
t2 6t 3
(9) 2(9) 2 4(1) (36) t2 6t 9 3 9
2(1) (t 3) 2 6
9 1225
t 3 ; 16
2
9 15 t 3 3 ; 16 3
2 t 3 16
9 15 9 15
x 2
or x 2
t 3 16 or t 3 16
5.4 0.6
3 12
54. Two numbers whose product is 40 and whose sum
49. 2t2 3t 1 0 is 14 are 10 and 4.
b 2b2 4ac
t 2a
m2 14m 40 (m 10)(m 4)
3 232 4(2) (1) 55. Among all pairs of integers whose product is 35,
2(2) there are no pairs whose sum is 2. Thus,

3 117 t2 2t 35 is prime.
4
3 117 3 117 56. A pair of numbers whose product is 24 and
t 4
or t 4 whose sum is 5 and 8 and 3.
1.8 0.3 z2 5z 24 (z 8)(z 3)
The solutions are 1.8, 0.3. 57. Let n be the first number.
50. 5y2 3 y Let m be the second number.
23yyy
5y Solve the following system.
5y2 y 3 0 3n 2m
b 2b2 4ac 2n m 3
y 2a
Solve the second equation for m.
(1) 2(1) 2 4(5) (3)
2(5) 2n m 3
1 159 2n 3 m
10
Substitute 2n 3 for m in the first equation and
; Since the discriminant is negative, there are solve for m.
no real solutions.
3n 2m
51. x2 7x 10 3n 2(2n 3)
x2 7x
49
10
49 3n 4n 6
1x 2
4 4
7 2 9
3n 4n 6
2 4 n 6
x2
7
2
3 n6
7 7 3 7 Use m 2n 3 to find m.
x 2 2 2
2 m 2n 3
7 3
x2 2
2(6) 3 or 9
x22
7 3
or x
7
2
3 The numbers are 6 and 9.
2
58. x7 7 2 59. 10 x 8
2 5
x77 7 27 10 8 x 8 8
The solutions are 2, 5. x 7 5 2x
52. a2 12a 3 {x|x 7 5} {x|x
2}
2 y 7 6 12
a 12a 36 3 36 60.
(a 6) 2 39 y 7 7 6 12 7
a 6 ; 139 y 6 5
{y|y 6 5}
1 2
a 6 6 ; 139 6
1
a 6 139 61. p(1 r) t 5 1 2 2
a 6 139 or a 6 139 5(1.5) 2
0.2 12.2 5(2.25)
The solutions are 0.2, 12.2. 11.25
1 1
62. p(1 r) t 300 1 4 3 2
300(1.25) 3
300(1.953125)
585.9375
Chapter 10 480
63. p(1 r) t 100(1 0.2) 2 5. y 5x 4

100(1.2) 2 Sample answer:
100(1.44) y
144 x y
24
64. p(1 r) t 6(1 0.5) 3 2 325
6(1.5) 3 1 35
4
6(3.375)
20.25 0 3 O x
1 1
2 21 y 5x 4
1. x2 2x 35
x2 2x 35 35 35 The y-intercept is 3.
x2 2x 35 0
b 2b2 4ac
x 2a
2 222 4(1) (35)
10-6 Growth and Decay
2(1)
2 1144
2 12
2
1. Exponential growth is an increase by the same
2 12 2 12 percent over a period of time, while exponential
x 2
or x 2 decay is a decrease by the same percent over a
7 5 period of time.
The solutions are 7, 5. 2. Determine the amount of the investment if $500
2. 2n2 3n 5 0 is invested at an interest rate of 7% compounded
b 2b2 4ac quarterly for 6 years.
n 2a
3. Sample answer:
(3) 2(3) 2 4(2) (5)
2(2)
y
3 131
4
; Since the discriminant is negative, there are
no real solutions.
3. 2v2 4v 1
2v2 4v 1 1 1
2v2 4v 1 0
b 2b2 4ac
v 2a t
(4) 2(4) 2 4(2) (1)
2(2)
4. I C(1 r) t
4 124 I 37,060(1 0.005) t
4
I 37,060(1.005) t
4 124 4 124
v 4
or v 4 5. First find t.
0.2 2.2 t 2009 1979 or 30
The solutions are 0.2, 2.2. I 37,060 (1.005) 30
4. y 0.5(4x ) 43,041
Sample answer: The median household income in 2009 is expected
to be $43,041.
1 2
x y y
r
6. A P 1 n nt
2
1 2
0.01325
0.0725 47
1 0.125 A 400 1 4
0 0.5 A 400(1.018125) 28
1 2 A 661.44
2 8 The investment will be about $661.44.
y 0.5(4x)
O x
The y-intercept is 0.5.
481 Chapter 10
7. Write an equation. 16. y C(1 r) t

y C(1 r) t y 2,405,000(1 0.011) t
y 1,821,000(1 0.002) t y 2,405,000(0.989) t
y 1,821,000(0.998) t In 2015, t 2015 2000 or 15.
Find t. y 2,405,000(0.989) 15
t 2010 1995 or 15 y 2,037,321
y 1,821,000(0.998) 15 In 2015, the population of Latvia will be about
y 1,767,128 2,037,321.
The population of West Virginia will be about 17. y C(1 r) t
1,767,128 in 2010. y 2,976,400,000(1 0.186) t
8. y C(1 r) t y 2,976,400,000(0.814) t
y 16,000(1 0.18) 8 In 2009, t 2009 1994 or 15.
y 16,000(0.82) 8 y 2,976,400,000(0.814) 15
y 3270.63 y 135,849,289
After 8 years, the value of the car will be about In 2009, the sales of cassettes will be about
$3270.63. $135,849,289.
18. y C(1 r) t
y 71,601(1 0.0563) t
Pages 563–565 Practice and Apply y 71,601(1.0563) t
9. y C(1 r) t
In 2020, t 2020 1920 or 100.
y 18.9(1 0.19) t
y 71,601(1.0563) 100
y 18.9(1.19) t
y 17,125,650
10. In 2015, t 2015 1980 or 35.
There will be about 17,125,650 visitors in 2020.
y 18.9(1.19) 35
19. y C(1 r) t
y 8329.24
y 25,000(1 0.10) 8
In 2015, there will be about 8329.24 computers.
y 25,000(0.9) 8
11. W C(1 r) t y 10,761.68
W 43.2(1 0.06) t
After 8 years, the equipment will be worth about
W 43.2(1.06) t $10,761.68.
12. In 2007, t 2007 1997 or 10. 20. y C(1 r) t
W 43.2(1.06) 10 y 23,000(1 0.12) 5
W 77.36 y 23,000(0.88) 5
In 2007, about 77.36 million people will be using y 12,137.83
free weights. In 5 years, the value of the car will be about
13. Write an equation. $12,137.83.
y C(1 r) t 21. In 2010, t 2010 1900 or 110.
y 100,350,000(1 0.017) t P 3.86(1.013) 110
y 100,350,000(1.017) t P 15.98
In 2012, t 2012 2000 or 12. In 2010, about 15.98% of the population will be 65
y 100,350,000(1.017) 12 or older.
y 122,848,204 22. t P
In 2012, the population of Mexico will be about 127 19.91
1 2
122,848,204. 128 20.16
r nt
14. A P 1 The percentage of the population 65 or older will
1 2
t
0.0575 1225 first be over 20% when t 128 or about 2028.
A 500 1 12 23. This equation represents growth since 1.026 7 1.
A 2097.86 1 r 1.026
1 2
The amount will be about $2097.86. r 0.026
r nt
15. A P 1 The annual rate of change is 2.6%.
1 2
t
A 250 1
0.103
4 440 24. This equation represents decay, since 0.761 6 1.
1 r 0.761
A 14,607.78 r 0.239
The amount will be about $14,607.78. r 0.239
The annual rate of change is 2.39%.
Chapter 10 482
5730
25. y 256(0.5) 5730 34. y 2x 5
y 256(0.5) 1 Sample answer:
y 128 x y y
There are 128 grams of Carbon-14 remaining. 2
3
44
1000 y 2x 5
26. y 256(0.5) 5730 1
1 42
y 226.83
There are about 226.83 grams of Carbon-14 0 4 O x
remaining. 1 3
10,000
27. y 256(0.5) 5730 2 1
y 76.36
There will about 76.36 grams of Carbon-14
remaining. The y-intercept is 4.
35. y 4(3x 6)
28. t y
Sample answer:
17,190 32
x y y
The organism lived 17,190 years ago. 5
2 239 10
2
30. If the sales are growing by the same percent each 1 223
4 2 O 2 4x
year, an exponential equation can be used to
0 20 10
model sales and predict future sales. Answers
should include the following. 1 12
2 12 20 y 4(3x 6)
• The equation states that the new value equals
the amount in the year 1994, or $1698 times
the sum of 1 plus 4.6% raised to the power,
that is equal to the number of years since The y-intercept is 20.
1994. 36. m2 9m 10 0
b 2b2 4ac
• According to the equation, the average family m 2a
will spend about $3486.94 for restaurant
(9) 2(9) 2 4(1) (10)
meals in 2010. 2(1)
31. C; In the equation y 35(1.05x ), the exponent is 9 1121
2
1 2
the variable and the base is greater than 1.
9 11
r nt 2
32. D; A P 1 n
1 2
9 11 9 11
0.0825 4.4 m 2
or m 2
A 5000 1 4
1 10
A 6931.53
37. 2t2 4t 3
2t2 4t 3 3 3
12
1 x 2t2 4t 3 0
33. y 8 b 2b2 4ac
Sample answer: t 2a
(4) 2(4) 2 4(2) (3)
x y y 2(2)
16
2 64
4 140
4
1 8 12
4 140 4 140
0 1 t 4
or t 4
8
1
1
x
0.6 2.6
8
4
y 8(1) The solutions are 0.6, 2.6.
1
2 64 38. 7x2 3x 1 0
3 232 4(7) (1)
4 2 O 2 4x x 2(7)
3 119
; There are no real solutions since the
39. m7 (m3b2 ) (m7m3 )b2
m10b2
483 Chapter 10
40. 3(ax3y) 2 3a2 (x3 ) 2y2 4a. Angela bought a car for $18,500. If the rate of
3a2x6y2 depreciation is 11%, find the value of the car in
4 years.
41. (0.3x3y2 ) 2 0.32 (x3 ) 2 (y2 ) 2
4b. y C(1 r) t; 18,500(1 0.11) 4 or about
0.09x6y4
$11,607.31
42. |7x 2| 2
5a. The population of Centerville is increasing at an
; There are no solutions since absolute value is
average annual rate of 3.5%. If its current
never negative.
population is 12,500, predict its population in
43. |3x 3| 0 5 years.
3x 3 0
5b. y C(1 r) t; y 12,500(1 0.035) 5 or about
3x 3
14,846 people
x1
The solution is 1.
44. ƒt 4ƒ 3
t43 or t 4 3 10-7 Geometric Sequences
t4434 t 4 4 3 4
t 1 t 7
{t|t 7 or t 1} Page 569 Algebra Activity
rise 1. 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, . . .
45. slope run Divide the second term by the first.
60
250
2
2
1
0.24 The common ratio is 2.
Yes, the hill meets the requirements since
an
0.24 6 0.33. 16
46. 8 11 14 17 ?

3 3 3 3
8

O 2 4 6 n
20, 23, and 26.
47. 7 4 1 2 ? 8

3 3 3 3
16
Add 3 three more times. The next three terms
are 5, 8, and 11. 2. 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, . . .
48. 1.5 2.6 3.7 4.8 ?

1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Divide the second term by the first.
2
1
2
Add 1.1 three more times. The next three terms
are 5.9, 7.0, and 8.1. The common ratio is 2.
an
16
Page 566 Reading Mathematics 8

1. y C(1 r) t; Since the final amount is less than
the initial amount, the initial amount is O n
4 6
multiplied by a number less than 1. If an amount
is decreased by r percent, then 1 r percent will 8
1 2
remain.
r nt
16
2. A P 1 n ; since the final amount is greater
than the initial amount, P is multiplied by a
number greater than 1. Also, the annual rate is
divided by the number of times it is compounded
per year. Time is equal to nt because this is the
total number of times that the interest is
compounded over the course of t years.
3a. Suppose that $2500 is invested at an annual
rate of 6%. If the interest is compounded
quarterly, find the value of the account after
5 years.
1
3b. A P 1 n 2
r nt
1
; A 2500 1 2
0.06 4(5)
4
or about
$3367.14
Chapter 10 484
3. 81, 27, 9, 3, 1, . . . 7. Graphs 1, 3, and 5—those with positive common
Divide the second term by the first. factors—appear to be similar to an exponential
27 1 function.
81
3
8. Both types of graphs show rapid change. If r 7 0,
1
The common ratio is 3. the graph of the geometric sequence is similar to an
exponential function. If r 6 0, the graph of the
an
80 geometric sequence has points above and below the
n-axis and is not similar to an exponential function.
40
9. The two values c(ax ) and a rn1 are very similar.
1
Both have a number multiplied by another
O 2 4 6 n
number that is raised to a power.
40

1. Both arithmetic sequences and geometric
4. 81, 27, 9, 3, 1, . . . sequences are lists of related numbers. In an
Divide the second term by the first. arithmetic sequence, each term is found by
27 1
adding the previous term to a constant called the
81
3 common difference. In a geometric sequence, each
The common ratio is 3.
1 term is found by multiplying the previous term by
a constant called the common ratio.
an 2. If a common ratio equals 0, all of the terms except
80
possibly the first term will equal 0, since any
40 number times 0 equals 0. If a common ratio
equals 1, all of the terms will equal the first term,
since 1 is the multiplicative identity.
O 2 4 6 n
3. Sample answer:
40
1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, . . .
80 The difference between the first and second terms
is 4 1 or 3, and the difference between the
5. 0.2, 1, 5, 25, 125, . . . second and third terms is 9 4 or 5. Since these
Divide the second term by the first. are not equal, the sequence is not arithmetic. The
4 9
1
corresponding ratios are 1 or 4 and 4. Since these
0.2
5 are not equal, the sequence is not geometric.
The common ratio is 5. 4. 5 15 45 135

3 3 3
an
100
Yes; the common ratio is 3.
50 5. 56 28 14 7

1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2
1 1 1
O 2 4 6 n 1
Yes, the common ratio is 2.
50
6. 25 20 15 10

5 5 5
100
No; the difference between successive terms is
6. 0.2, 1,5, 25,125, . . . constant. This sequence is arithmetic, not
Divide the second term by the first. geometric.
1
5 7. 5, 20, 80, 320, . . .
0.2
The common ratio is 5.
20
5
4
an
100 The common ratio is 4.
50 Multiply by 4 three more times. The next three
terms are 1280, 5120, and 20,480.
O n 8. 176, 88, 44, 22, . . .
2 4 6
50
88 1
176
2 or 0.5
100 The common ratio is 0.5.
Multiply by 0.5 three more times. The next
three terms are 11, 5.5, and 2.75.
485 Chapter 10
9. 8, 12, 18, 27, . . . 18. 7 17 27 37

10 10 10
12 3 No; the difference between consecutive terms is
8
2 or 1.5
constant. This sequence is arithmetic, not
The common ratio is 1.5.
geometric.
19. 19 16 13 10
three terms are 40.5, 60.75, and 91.25.
3 3 3
10. a a rn1 11. a a rn1
n 1 n 1 No; the difference between consecutive terms is
a5 3 451 a6 (1) 261 constant. This sequence is arithmetic, not
a5 3 44 a6 (1) 25 geometric.
a5 3 256 a6 (1) 32 20. 640 160 40 10
a5 768 a6 32

1 1 1
40 40 40
12. a a rn1 Yes; the common ratio is

1
.
n 1 40
a7 4 (3) 71 21. 36 25 16 9
a 4 (3) 6

25 16 9
7 36 25 16
a 4 729 No; the ratios are not the same.
7
a 2916 22. 567 189 63 21
7
13. a3 a1 r31
1
1
1
3 3 3
28 7 r2 Yes; the common ratio is 3.
1
28 7r2
90 405 1822.5
23. 20

7 7
4 r2 (4.5) (4.5) (4.5)
2 r
Yes; the common ratio is 4.5.
The geometric mean is 7(2) 14 or 7(2) 14.
25. 1, 4, 16, 64, . . .
14. a3 a1 r31
3 48 r2 4
3 48r2 1
4

48 48 Multiply by 4 three more times. The next three
1
16
r2 terms are 256, 1024, and 4096.
1 26. 1, 6, 36, 216, . . .
4 r
114 2 12 or
1 2
The geometric mean is 48 6
1 1
6
48 4 12.
Multiply by 6 three more times. The next three
15. a3 a1 r31 terms are 1296, 7776 and 46,656.
100 (4) r2 27. 1024, 512, 256, 128, . . .
100 4r2
4
4 Divide the second term by the first.
25 r2 512
0.5
1024
5 r
Multiply by 0.5 three more times. The next three
The geometric mean is (4)(5) 20 or terms are 64, 32, and 16.
(4) (5) 20.
28. 224, 112, 56, 28, . . .
16. Triangle Perimeter Divide the second term by the first.
Largest 120cm 112
224
0.5
Next largest 120(0.5) or 60 cm
Multiply by 0.5 three more times. The next three
terms are 14, 7, and 3.5.
29. 80, 20, 5, 1.25, . . .
Smallest 15(0.5) or 7.5 cm
The perimeter of the smallest triangle is 7.5 cm. 20
0.25
80
three terms are 0.3125, 0.078125, and
Pages 571–572 Practice and Apply 0.01953125.
17. 2 6 18 24

3 3 3
Yes; the common ratio is 3.
Chapter 10 486
30. 10,000, 200, 4, 0.08, . . . 41. a a rn1
n 1
Divide the second term by the first. a10 300 (0.5) 101
200
10,000
0.02 a10 300 (0.5) 9
Multiply by 0.02 three more times. The next a10 300 0.001953125 or 0.5859375
three terms are 0.0016, 0.000032, and 42. a a rn1
0.00000064. n 1
1 1 2 4 a6 14 (1.5) 61
31. 2, 3, 9, 27, . . .
a6 14 (1.5) 5
a 14 7.59375 or 106.3125
1 6
3 2 43. a a r31
1
3 3 1
2 20 5 r2
20 5r2
Multiply by
2
three more times. The next three 5
5
3
terms are
8 16
, , and
32
. 4 r2
3 1 1 2
81 243 729
2 r
32. 4, 2, 3, 9, . . .
Divide the second term by the first. 44. a a r31
1
3 1
2 2 54 6 r2
3
3 54 6r2
4 6
6
Multiply by
2
three more times. The next three 9 r2
3
4 8 16 3 r
terms are 27, 81, and 243.
33. The area of the original rectangle is 6 8 or
48 square inches. Multiply by 0.5 four times to 45. a3 a1 r31
find the areas of the next four rectangles. The 225 (9) r2
areas of the five rectangles are 48 in2, 24 in2, 225

9r2
9 9
12 in2, 6 in2, and 3 in2.
25 r2
34. Multiply the measurement of the first angle by
5 r
0.5 three times to find the measurements of the
other three angles. The measurements are 160
, The geometric mean is (9) 5 45 or
80
, 40
, and 20
. (9) (5) 45.
35. a a rn1 36. a a rn1 46. a3 a1 r31
n 1 n 1
80 (5) r2
a7 5 271 a5 4 351
80 5r2

a7 5 26 a5 4 34 5 5
a7 5 64 or 320 a5 4 81 or 324 16 r2
4 r
37. a a rn1 The geometric mean is (5)4 20 or
n 1
a4 (2) (5) 41 (5)(4) 20.
a4 (2) (5) 3 47. a a r31
3 1
a4 (2) (125) or 250 8 128 r2
38. a a rn1 8 128r2
n 1
128
128
a6 3 (4) 61 1
16
r2
a6 3 (4) 5 1
4 r
114 2 32 or
a6 3 (1024) or 3072
1 2 32.
39. a a rn1 The geometric mean is 128
n 1 1
a3 (8) 631 128 4
a3 (8) 62 48. a a r31
3 1
a3 (8) 36 or 288 5 180 r2
5 180r2
40. a a rn1
n 1 180 180
a8 (10) 281 1
r2
36
a8 (10) 27 1
6 r
116 2 30 or
a8 (10) 128 or 1280
1 12
The geometric mean is 180
180 6 30.
487 Chapter 10
49. a3 a1 r31 58. Multiply 848 by 0.75 six times to find the level on
98 (2) r2 the next six days. The levels during the first week
98 2r2
are 848, 636, 477, 357.75, 268.3125, 201.234375,
2
2 and 150.9257813 parts per million.
49 r2 59. a 848(0.75) 14 or about 15.1
15
7 r a16 848(0.75) 15 or about 11.3
The geometric mean is (2)(7) 14 or
The lake will be safe in 16 days.
(2) (7) 14.
60. Sample answer: Although the amount of pesticide
50. a3 a1 r31 will become very small, 75% of something will
384 (6) r2 always be something. Therefore, there will always
384 6r2
6
6
be pesticides according to this model.
64 r2 61. Always; if each term of a geometric sequence
8 r whose nth term is a rn1 is multiplied by a
1
The geometric mean is (6)(8) 48 or nonzero real number c, the nth term of the new
(6) (8) 48. sequence is c(a rn1 ) or (c a )rn1, which is a
1 1
51. a3 a1 r31 geometric sequence.
1.75 7 r2 62. Never; if the same nonzero real number is added
1.75 7r2 to each term of a geometric sequence, the

7 7 resulting sequence will have an nth term of the
0.25 r2 a1rn1 b, which is not in the form of a
0.5 r geometric sequence.
The geometric mean is 7(0.5) 3.5 or 3
63. Since the distance of each bounce is 4 times the
7(0.5) 3.5. distance of the last bounce, the list of the
52. a3 a1 r31 distances from the stopping place is a geometric
0.75 3 r2 sequence. Answers should include the following.
0.75 3r2 • To find the 10th term, multiply the first term
3
3 3
80 by 4 to the 9th power.
0.25 r2
• The 17th bounce will be the first bounce less
0.5 r
than 1 ft from the resting place.
The geometric mean is 3(0.5) 1.5 or 100
64. C; The common ratio is 40 or 2.5. To find the next
3(0.5) 1.5.
term, multiply 625 by 2.5. The next term is
53. a3 a1 r31
1562.5.
3 3
5 r2 49 1
1 2 1 2
20 65. The common ratio is 343 or 7. To find the next
5 3 5 3 2 1 1
r term, multiply 1 by 7. The next term is 7.
3 20 3 5
1 66. The terms are getting closer to 0.
4
r2
1 67. The limit is 0.
2 r
1 2 103 or 35 112 2 103 .

68. If 0 6 r 6 1, the nth term will approach 0. If
3 1
The geometric mean is 5 2 r 7 1, the nth term will approach infinity.
54. a3 a1 r31
2 2
5 r2
1 2 1 2
1 2
45
5 2 5 2 2
2 45
2 5
r 69. A P 1 n n t
r
1 2
1
r2 0.065 12 3
9 A 1500 1 12
1
3 r
1 2 152 or 25 113 2 152 .

1822.01
2 1
The geometric mean is 5 3 The value of the investment will be about
55. Multiply 10 by 0.6 three times. The heights of $1822.01.
three rebounds are 6 m, 3.6 m, and 2.16 m. 70. No; the domain values are at regular intervals,
56. Multiply 10 by 2 five times to find the next but the range values have a common difference 2.
five scores. The first six scores are 10, 20, 40, 80, 71. Yes; the domain values are at regular intervals,
160, and 320. and the range values have a common factor 3.
57. a 10 216 or 655,360 72. 7a2 22a 3 7a2 a 21a 3
17
a(7a 1) 3(7a 1)
a18 10 217 or 1,310,720
(7a 1) (a 3)
The score will be greater than a million when
18 questions are answered correctly.
Chapter 10 488
73. 2x2 5x 12 2x2 3x 8x 12 Richter Number Energy Released Rate of Change
x(2x 3) 4(2x 3) (x) (y) (slope)
(2x 3)(x 4) 1 0.00017 —
74. 3c2 3c 5 is prime. 2 0.006 0.00583
3 0.179 0.173
4 5 4.821
Page 573 Algebra Activity: 5 179 174
(Follow-Up of Lesson 10-7) 6 5643 5464
1. The graph begins by increasing slowly and then
7 179,100 173,357
increases rapidly for the last few values.
y There is no constant value that can be multiplied
1,000,000 by each rate of change to obtain the next value.
900,000
800,000 The regression equation is y 5.54 10 6 (31.7x ) .
700,000
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000 Page 574 Vocabulary and Concept Check
100,000 1. d; exponential growth equation
0 2. g; quadratic function
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7x
3. i; symmetry
2. No.
4. a; equation of axis of symmetry
3. No; the rate of change between any two points is
5. c; exponential function
always a different value.
6. i; vertex
4. To move from one rate of change to the next, you
multiply by 10. 7. b; exponential decay equation
5. The regression equation is y 0.1(10x ) . 8. h; roots
6. 9. f; Quadratic Formula
y
200,000 10. e; parabola
180,000
160,000
140,000 Pages 574–578 Lesson-by-Lesson Review
120,000 11. In y x2 2x, a 1 and b 2.
100,000 b
x 2a
80,000
2
60,000 x 2(1)
or 1
40,000 x 1 is the equation of the axis of
20,000 symmetry.
0 y (1) 2 2(1)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x 12
The graph begins increasing slowly and then 1
increases rapidly for the last few values. Use the The vertex is (1, 1).
slope formula to find the values for the table. Since the coefficient of the x2 term is positive, the
0.006 0.00017 vertex is a minimum.
2 1
0.00583
y
0.179 0.006
3 2
0.173
5 0.179
4 3
4.821
179 5
5 4
174
5643 179
6 5
5464 O x
179000 5643
7 6
173,357 2
y x 2x
489 Chapter 10
12. In y 3x2 4, a 3 and b 0. Since the coefficient of the x2 term is positive, the
b vertex is a minimum.
x 2a
0 y
x 2(3)
or 0 8
4
y 3(0) 4 6 5 4 3 2 1O 1 2x
4
4 8
The vertex is (0, 4). 12
Since the coefficient of the x2 term is negative, the 16
20
24
y 3x 2 6x 17
y
y 3x 2 4 15. In y 2x2 1, a 2 and b 0.

b
x 2a
0
x 2(2)
or 0
O x y 2(0) 2 1
1
13. In y x2 3x 4, a 1 and b 3. Since the coefficient of the x2 term is negative, the
b vertex is a maximum.
x 2a
(3) 3 y 2x 2 1 y
x 2(1)
or 2
3
x 2 is the equation of the axis of symmetry. O x
y 12
3 2
2 32 4
3
12
9 9
424
25
4
The
3 25
vertex is 2, 4 . 1 2
16. In y x2 3x, a 1 and b 3.
b
y x 2a
(3) 3
x 2(1)
or 2
O x
3
y 132 22 3132 2
9 9
4
2
9
y x 2 3x 4
132, 94 2.
4
The vertex is
14. In y 3x2 6x 17, a 3 and b 6. Since the coefficient of the x2 term is negative, the
b
x 2a
6 y
x 2(3)
or 1 y x 2 3x
y 3(1) 2 6(1) 17
3 6 17 O x
20
Chapter 10 490
17. Graph f(x) x2 x 12. 21. x2 10x 21
2
Sample answer: x 10x 21 21 21
x2 10x 21 0
x f(x) f (x )
2 Graph f(x) x2 10x 21.
3 0
4 3 2 1O 1 2 3 4x Sample answer:
1 10 2
1 12 4 x f(x) f (x )
6
3 6 3 0
8
4 0 10 4 3
12 5 4 O x
14 f (x ) x 2 x 12 6 3
7 0
The solutions are 3 and 4, the x-intercepts of
the graph. f (x ) x 2 10x 21
18. Graph f(x) x2 6x 9.
Sample answer: The solutions are 3 and 7, the x-intercepts of the
graph.
x f(x) f (x )
22. 6x2 13x 15
5 4
6x2 13x 15 15 15
4 1
6x2 13x 15 0
3 0
Graph f(x) 6x2 13x 15.
2 1
Sample answer:
1 4
O x x f(x) f (x )
4
f (x ) x 2 6x 9 1 4
1O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
0 15 4
The solution is 3, the x-intercept of the graph. 8
1 22
19. Graph f(x) x2 4x 3. 12
2 17 16
Sample answer:
3 0 20
x f(x) f (x ) 24
2
5 2 28 f (x ) 6x 13x 15
O x
4 3
One root is 3, and the other root is between 1
2 7 and 0.
0 3 23. 3x2 4 0
1 2 3x2 4 4 0 4
3x2 4
4
f (x ) x 2 4x 3 x2 3
4
One root is between 5 and 4, and the other x 3 3
root is between 0 and 1.
x 1.2
20. Graph f(x) 2x2 5x 4. The solution set is {1.2, 1.2}.
Sample answer:
24. x2 16x 32 0
2
x f(x) f (x ) x 16x 32 32 0 32
1 11 x2 16x 32
2 16x 64 32 64
0 4 x
1 1 (x 8) 2 32
2 2 x 8 132
f (x ) 2x 2 5x 4
x 8 8 132 8
3 7
x 8 132
O x
x 8 132 or x 8 132
x 2.3 x 13.7
; The graph has no x-intercepts. Therefore, the The solution set is {2.3, 13.7}.
equation has no real solutions.
491 Chapter 10
25. m2 7m 5 29. x2 8x 20
2
m2
49
7m 4 5
49 x 8x 20 20 20
1 2
4
x2 8x 20 0
7 2 69
m2 b 2b2 4ac
4 x 2a
7 69
m2 3 4 (8) 2(8) 2 4(1) (20)
2(1)
7 7 69 7
m 2 2 3 4 2
8 1144
2
7 69 8 12
m 2
34 2
7 69 7 69 8 12 8 12
m 2
34 or m 2
34 x 2
or x 2
0.7 7.7 2 10
The solution set is {0.7, 7.7}. The solution set is {2, 10}.
26. 4a2 16a 15 0 30. r2 10r 9 0
1 1 b 2b2 4ac
4
(4a2 16a 15) 4
(0) r 2a
15 10 2102 4(1) (9)
a2 4a 4
0 2(1)
15 15 15
a2 4a 4
4
0 4
10 164
2
15
a2 4a 4
10 8
2
15
a2 4a 4 4 4 r
10 8
or r
10 8
2 2
1
(a 2) 2 4
9 1
a2 2
1 The solution set is {9, 1}.
1 31. 4p2 4p 15
a22 2 2 2
4p 4p 15 15 15
1
a 2 2 4p2 4p 15 0
b 2b2 4ac
a 2
1
or a 2 2
1 p 2a
2
4 242 4(4) (15)
5
2 or 2.5
3
2 or 1.5 2(4)
4 1256
The solution set is {2.5, 1.5}. 8
1 2 4 16
27. y 2y 1 0
1 2 2(0)
2 8
1 2 4 16 4 16
2 2
y 2y 1 p or p
8 8
y2 4y 2 0 2.5 1.5
2 4y 2 2 0 2
y The solution set is {2.5, 1.5}.
y2 4y 2
2 4y 4 2 4 32. 2y2 3 8y
y
2y2 3 8y 8y 8y
(y 2) 2 6
2y2 8y 3 0
y 2 16
b 2b2 4ac
y 2 2 16 2 y 2a
y 2 16 8 282 4(2) (3)

y 2 16 or y 2 16 2(2)
4.4 0.4
8 140
4
The solution set is {4.4, 0.4}. 8 140 8 140
5
y 4
or y 4
28. n2 3n 4 0
3.6 0.4
5 5 5
n2 3n 4 4 0 4 The solution set is {3.6, 0.4}.
5
n2 3n 4
9 5 9
n2 3n 4 4
1n 32 22 1
4
3
n 2 1
3 3 3
n 2 2 1 2
n 1.5 1
n 1.5 1 or n 1.5 1
0.5 2.5
The solution set is {0.5, 2.5}.
Chapter 10 492
33. 2d2 8d 3 3 r
1
38. A P 1 n nt 2
1 2
2
2d 8d 3 3 3 3 0.08 4 8
2d2 8d 0 A 2000 1 4
32
d
b 2b2 4ac 2000(1.02)
2a
3769.08
8 282 4 (2) (0)
The final amount is $3769.08.
1 2
2(2)
8 164 r
39. A P 1 n nt
1 2
4
8 8 0.0525 12 15
4 A 5500 1 12
8 8 8 8
d 4
or d 4 5500(1.004375) 180
4 0 12,067.68
The final amount is $12,067.68.
1 2
r nt
34. 21a2 5a 7 0 40. A P 1 n
a
b 2b2 4ac
2a A 15,000 1 1 0.075 12 25
12 2
5 252 4(21) (7) 15,000(1.00625) 300
2(21)
97,243.21
5 1613
1 2
42
5 1613 5 1613
a or a r
41. A P 1 n nt
1 2
42 42
0.7 0.5 0.0975 365 40
A 500 1 365
The solution set is {0.7, 0.5}.
500(1.000267123) 14,600
35. y 3x 6
$24,688.36
Sample answer:
x y y
1
14 42. an a1 rn1
2 69 12
1 10 a5 2(24 )
1 63 8 2(16)
0 7 6
y 3x 6 32
4
1 9 43. an a1 rn1 44. an a1 rn1
12 1 2
2
2 15 2 3 1
3 2 1O 1 2 3 4 5x a4 7 3 a3 243 3 4
7 1 27 2 243 1 81 2
8 1
36. y 3x2 27
56

243
81
Sample answer:
y
3
x y
1
14 45. a3 a1 r31
3 12
3
10 20 5r2
2 1 1
8 (20) r2
1 3 y 3x 2 6
5
0 9 4 4 r2
2 2 r
1 27
The y-intercept is 9. 6 5 4 3 2 12 1 2x
O
46. a3 a1 r31
12
48 12r2
1 x
37. y 2 2
1
(48)
1
(12r2 )
12 12
Sample answer:
4 r2
x y y 2 r
2 8 The geometric mean is 12(2) 24 or
1 4 12(2) 24.
0 2 47. a a r31
3 1
1
1 1
y2 ( 12 )x 4
1r2
1 1
2 2 r
112 2 12 or 1112 2 12.

2
O x
The y-intercept is 2. The geometric mean is 1
493 Chapter 10
Chapter 10 Practice Test 6. In y 2x2 3, a 2 and b 0.
b
x 2a
Page 579 0
or 0
1. c; Quadratic Formula 2(2)
2. b; exponential growth equation x 0 is the equation of the axis of symmetry.

3. a; exponential decay equation y 2(0) 2 3
3
4. In y x2 4x 13, a 1 and b 4.
b The vertex is (0, 3).
x 2a Since the coefficient of the x2 term is positive, the
(4)
2(1)
or 1 vertex is a minimum.
x 2 is the equation of the axis of symmetry. y
y 22 4(2) 13
4 8 13
9
y 2x 2 3
O x
y
14
12
2
10 7. y 1(x 2) 1
8 y (x2 4x 4) 1
6 y x 2 4x 13 y x2 4x 4 1
4 y x2 4x 3
2
a 1 and b 4
2 1O 1 2 3 4 5 6x b
2 x 2a
4
or 2
5. In y 3x2 6x 4, a 3 and b 6. 2(1)
b x 2 is the equation of the axis of symmetry.

x 2a y 1(x 2) 2 1
(6)
2(3)
or 1 1(0) 2 1
y 3(1) 2 6(1) 4 The vertex is (2, 1).
3 6 4 Since the coefficient of the x2 term is negative, the
7 vertex is a maximum.
The vertex is (1, 7). 2
y y 1(x 2) 1
vertex is a maximum. O x
2
y 3x 6x 4 y
O x
Chapter 10 494
8. Graph f(x) x2 2x 2. 12. x2 7x 6 0
Sample answer: Sample answer: Solve using the Quadratic
x f(x) f (x ) Formula.
b 2b2 4ac
1 5 x 2a
0 2 7 272 4(1) (6)
2(1)
1 1
7 125
2 2 2
3 5 f (x ) x 2 2x 2
7 5
2
O x 7 5 7 5
x 2
or x 2
6 1
; The graph has no x-intercepts. Thus, the
equation has no real number solutions.
13. 2x2 5x 12 0
9. x2 6x 7
2 Sample answer: Solve using the Quadratic
x 6x 7 7 7
Formula.
x2 6x 7 0
b 2b2 4ac
Graph f(x) x2 6x 7. x 2a
Sample answer: (5) 2(5) 2 4(2) (12)
2(2)
x f(x) f (x ) 5 1121

5 2 4
5 11
4 1 4
5 11 5 11
3 2 x 4
or x 4
1
2 1 12 4
O x
1 2 The solutions are 112, 4.
f (x ) x 2 6x 7 14. 6n2 7n 20
One root is between 5 and 4, and the other Sample answer: Solve using the Quadratic
root is between 2 and 1. Formula.
10. Graph f(x) x2 24x 144. 6n2 7n 20 20 20
6n2 7n 20 0
Sample answer:
b 2b2 4ac
x f(x) n
f (x ) 2a
7 2(7) 2 4(6) (20)
14 4 12 2(6)
13 1
7 1529
8 12
12 0 7 23

11 1 4 12
2
f (x ) x 24x 144 7 23 7 23
10 4 n 12
or n 12
16 12 8 4 O x 2.5 1.3
The solution is 12, the x-intercept of the graph. 15. 3k2 2k 5
11. 2x2 8x 42 Sample answer: Solve using the Quadratic
2 8x 42 42 42
2x Formula.
2x2 8x 42 0 3k2 2k 5 0
Graph f(x) 2x2 8x 42. b 2b2 4ac
k 2a
Sample answer:
2 222 4(3) (5)
x f(x) f (x ) 2(3)
2 164
4 22 20 6
3 0
2 8
6
2 50 4 O 4 8 x
2 8 2 8
k or k
7 0 20 6 6
2
8 22 13 1
40
2
f (x) 2x 2 8x 42 The solutions are 13, 1.
The solutions are 3 and 7, the x-intercepts of

the graph.
495 Chapter 10
3 2
16. y2 5y 25 0 20. 7m2 m 5
Sample answer: Solve by completing the square. Sample answer: Solve using the Quadratic
3 2 2 2 Formula.
y2 5y 25 25 0 25
7m2 m 5 0
2 3 2
y 5y 25 b 2b2 4ac
3 9 2 9
m 2a
y2 5y 100
25 100
1 2
(1) 2(1) 2 4(7) (5)
3 1
y 10 2
100 2(7)
1 1141
3 1
y 10
10 14
1 1141 1 1141
3 3 1 3 m or m
y 10 10
10 10 14 14
3 1 0.8 0.9
y 10 10
112 2x
3 1 3 1
y 10 10 or y 10 10
21. y
1 2
5 5
Sample answer:
1 2
The solutions are 5, 5. x y y
14
2
17. 3x 5 14x 2 4 12
Sample answer: Solve using the Quadratic 10
1 2 8
Formula.
0 1 6
3x2 5 14x 14x 14x
4
3x2 14x 5 0 1
1
2
y ( )x
1
2 2
2
b 2b 4ac
x 2a 2
1 5 4 3 2 1O 1 2 3x
4 2
2
(14) 2(14) 4(3) (5)
2(3)
14 1256 The y-intercept is 1.
6
22. y 4 2x
14 16
6 Sample answer:
14 16 14 16
x 6
or x 6 x y y
14
1
3
5 3
1 12
2 10
1
The solutions are 5, 3
. 2 1 8
18. 72 13z 32 1 2 6
Sample answer: Solve using the Quadratic 4 y 4 · 2x
0 4
2
Formula. 1 8
z2 13z 32 0 4 3 2 1O 1 2 3 4x
2
2
b 2b 4ac
z 2a
113 2x 3
(13) 2(13) 2 4(1) (32)
2(1) 23. y
13 1297
2 Sample answer:
13 1297 13 1297
z 2
or z 2 x y y
2.1 15.1 2 6
19. 3x2 4x 8 0 2
2
Sample answer: Solve using the Quadratic 1 2 3
O x
Formula. 8
2 2 9
3x2 4x 8 0 x
( 3)
y 1 3
b 2b2 4ac
x 2a
4 242 4(3) (8) The y-intercept is 2.
2(3)
24. an a1 # rn1 25. an a1 # rn1
4 2112
6 a6 12(2 )5
a4 20(33 )
x
4 2112
or x
4 2112 12(32) 20(27)
6 6
384 540
2.4 1.1
Chapter 10 496
26. a3 a1 r31 4. D; Let x represent the number of grapefruit. Then
2x represents the number of apples.
63 7r2
1 1
0.20(2x) 0.25x 1.95
7
(63) 7 (7r2 ) 0.4x 0.25x 1.95
9 r2 0.65x 1.95
3 r 0.65x 1.95
0.65
0.65
The geometric mean is 7(3) 21 or 7(3) 21. x3
27. a3 a1 r31 2x 6
1 The shopper bought 6 apples.
12 3 r2
113 r22
5. D; Area (2x 3) (2x 6)
3(12) 3
4x2 12x 6x 18
36 r2 4x2 6x 18
6 r 2
6. B; x x 12 0
The geometric mean is 3 (6) 2 or
1
(x 4)(x 3) 0
1
3 (6) 2. x 4 0 or x 3 0
x 4 or x 3
28. y C(1 r) t
7. B; Substitution of the x-values into y x2 9
17,369(1 0.16) 2 yields the corresponding y-values.
12,255.57
14,458 12,255.57 2202.43 8. B; y x2 2x 3
b
The car will be worth $2202.43 less than the x 2a
buyout price of the lease.
1 2
(2)
2(1)
or 1
r
29. A P 1 n nt 2
y 1 2(1)3
1500 1 1 2
0.06 4.10
4
4
The vertex is at (1, 4). This is the only equation
1500(1.015) 40 with the correct vertex.
2721.03
9. B; 2x2 8x 6 0
The total amount will be $2721.03.
12 2(x2 4x 3) 0
30. A; The common ratio is 4 or 3. Multiply 108 by 2(x 3)(x 1) 0
3 to find the next term. The next term is 324. x30 or x10
x3303 x1101
x 3 x 1
Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice The graph intersects the x-axis at (3, 0) and
(1, 0).
Pages 580–581 10. Let x be the amount earned during the 4th week.
1. B; Translating the line down two units does not x 18.50 23.00 15.00
change the slope of the line, but it does change 4
18
the y-intercept by 2 units. x 56.5
18
1 2 4(18)
4
2. C; a kb 4
x 56.5
4
Find k.
x 56.5 72
21 k(6) x 56.5 56.5 72 56.5
21
6
k x 15.50
7 She should earn at least $15.50 during the 4th week.
k
11. 8x 4y 9 0
2
7
a 2b 4y 8x 9
Now find a when b 28. 8x 9
y 4
7
a 2 (28) or 98 y
9
2x 4
3. A; Since the slope of the graphed line is negative, The slope of this line is 2. The slope of a line
the answer must be A or B. From inspection of the 1
perpendicular to it is 2.
graph, the y-intercept must be less than 5. So,
y y1 m(x x1 )
by elimination, A is the answer.
1
y 3 2 (x 2)
1
y 3 2x 1
1
y 2x 4
497 Chapter 10
12. 5a 4b 25 20a. 4x2 8x
15 ?
4(x 1) 2 4
1
4
3a 8b 41 15 ? 1
Multiply the first equation by 2. Then add. 4x2 8x 4
4(x2 2x 1) 4
15 ? 1
10a 8b 50 4x2 8x 4
4x2 8x 4 4
3a 8b 41 15 15
4x2 8x 4x2 8x
13a 91 4 4
a7 20b. x 2a
b
Equation for the axis of symmetry
Use 5a 4b 25 to find b. of a parabola
5(7) 4b 25 8
x 2(4) or 1 a 4 and b 8
35 4b 25
4b 10 The equation of the axis of symmetry is x 1.
5
b 2 or 22
1 20c. Since the coefficient of the x2 term is negative,
the parabola opens downward.
13. x2 4x 5 (x2 4x 4) 5 4 20d. Solve the equation, using the right-side
(x 2) 2 9 expression.
h 2 and k 9 1
4(x 1) 2 4 0
14. y 6x2 11x 4. Find the number of real
solutions to 6x2 11x 4 0. 4(x 1) 2 4 4 0 4
1 1 1
Find the value of the discriminant. 1

4(x 1) 2 4
b2 4ac (11) 2 4(6)(4)
1
25 4(x 1) 2
4

Since the discriminant is positive, the equation 4 4
has two real solutions. 1
(x 1) 2 16
15. Let m be the amount by which each side is
1
increased. x 1 4
(m 8) (m 6) 2(8.6) x 1 1 4 1
1
m2 6m 8m 48 96 1
x1
m2 14m 48 96 4
1 1
m2 14m 48 0 x14 or x14
2
b 2b 4ac
m 2a 14
1
4
3
2
14 214 4(1) (48)
The solution set is e 4, 14 f .
3 1
2(1)
14 1388
15
2 20e. y 4x2 8x 4
14 1388 14 1388
m 2
or m 2 4(12 ) 8(1)
15
4
16.85 2.85 15
4 8 4
Ignore the negative value. Each side was
1
increased by 2.85 inches. 4
16. B; By inspection, the median is 40. The values
greater than 40 are clumped near 40, whereas the
The minimum point is located at 1, 4 . 1 12
20f. y
values less than 40 are spread out further from
O
(1, 14 )
the median. These low values will bring the
average below 40. x
3 1
17. A; The solution of 6p 12 is 2. The solution of
(
0, 4 ) ( 0, 1 4 )
1 1
10q 5 is 2. 2 7 2 y 4x 2 8x 15
4
18. B; 5.3 103 5300 6 53,000
19. C; All even-numbered terms of the first sequence
are the same as the even-numbered terms in the
second sequence.
Chapter 10 498
Chapter 11 Radical Expressions and Triangles

Page 585 Getting Started 3. Sample answer: 212 313 and 212 313;
1. 125 5 2. 180 8.94 (212 313) (212 313)
3. 156 7.48 4. 1324 18 (212) 2 (313) 2
5. 3a 7b 2a (3a 2a) 7b 8 27
a 7b 19
6. 14x 6y 2y 14x (6y 2y) 4. 120 12 2 5 5. 12 18 116
14x 4y 222 15 4
7. (10c 5d) (6c 5d) (10c 6c) (5d 5d) 215
16c 6. 3110 4110 (3 4) ( 2102 )
8. (21m 15n) (9n 4m) (12) (10)
(21m 15n) (9n 4m) 120
(21m 4m) (15n 9n) 7. 254a b 22 33 a2 b2
2 2
25m 6n
12 232 13 2a2 2b2
12 3 13 0a 0 0b 0
9. x(x 5) 0
x 0 or x 5 0
3 0ab 0 16
x5
{0, 5} 8. 260x5y6 222 3 5 x5 y6
10. x2 10x 24 0 222 13 15 2x4 1x 2y6
(x 4)(x 6) 0 2 13 15 x2 1x 0y3 0
x 4 0 or x 6 0 2x2 0y3 0 115x
x 4 or x 6
4 4 16 3 13
{6, 4} 9. 16
16
16 10. 3 10 110
11. x2 6x 27 0 4 16 13 110
110
(x 9)(x 3) 0 6 110
x 9 0 or x 3 0
2 16

130
3 10
x9 x 3
8 8 3 12
{3, 9} 11. 3 12
3 12
3 12
12. 2x2 x 1 2 8(3 12)
32 ( 12) 2
2x2 x 1 0
24 8 12
(2x 1)(x 1) 0 9 2
2x 1 0 or x 1 0 24 8 12
2x 1 x 1 7
1 2 15 2 15 4 18
x2 12. 4 4
512, 16
4 18 18 18
2 15(4 18)
(4) 2 ( 18) 2
2 ? 8 4 ? 16 8 15 2 140
13. 3
12 14. 5
25 16 8
? ?
8 3 2 12 5 16 4 25 8 15 2 222 2 5
8
24 24 80 100
8 15 4 110
yes no 8
8 ? 12 6 ? 3
15. 10
16 16. 30
15
2 15 110
2
? ?
10 12 8 16 6 15 30 3 13. A s2
120 128 90 90 (217 ) 2
no yes
22 ( 17 ) 2
4(7)
28 ft2
11-1 Simplifying Radical Expressions 14. P 2 3 32
/
8
2 3 32
Pages 589–590 Check for Understanding 1
1. Both x4 and x2 are positive even if x is a negative 2 3 4
1 11
14 2
number.
2
2 1 2 2
1 1a 1a
2. 1a
1a
a 1

3.14 s
499 Chapter 11
Pages 590–592 Practice and Apply t 1t 27 127
15. 118 22 3 2 16. 124 22 3 3

29. 3 8 18 30. 3 p2 1p2
1t 18 233
12 232 222 12 13 18
18 0p 0
12 3 216
1t 222 2

232 13
8 0p 0
312
1t 222 12 3 13
17. 180 224 5 18. 175 252 3 8
0p 0
2 12t
224 15 252 13 8
22 15 513 12t

415 4
19. 15 16 130 5c5 25c5 29x5y 9x5y

31. 3 4d5 14d5 32. 112x2y6
3 12x2y6
20. 13 18 124 25 c4 c 3x3
223 3 14 d4 d
3 4y5
222 12 13 15 2c4 1c 23x3
14 1d4 1d
14y5
2 16 c2 15c 23 x2 x
21. 7130 216 (7 2)( 130 16) 2d2 1d 14y4 y
141180 c2 15c
2d2 1d 1d
1d x 13x
2y2 1y
14222 32 5 c2 15cd x 13x 1y
14222 232 15 2d2 1d2 2y2 1y 1y
14 2 3 15 c2 15cd x 13xy
2 0 d3 0
2 0 y3 0
8415 18 18 6 12
33. 6 12
6 12 6 12
22. 213 5127 (2 5)( 13 127)
18(6 12)
10( 181 ) 62 ( 12) 2
10(9) 18(6 12)
90 36 2
18(6 12)
23. 240a4 223 5 a4 34
222 12 15 2a4 9(6 12)

2 12 15 a2 17
2a2 110
54 9 12
17
24. 250m3n5 252 2 m3 n5 2 15 2 15 4 18
34. 4 18
4 18
4 18
252 12 2m2 1m 2n4 1n
5 12 0m 0 1m n2 1n
2 15 (4 18)
5n2 0m 0 12mn
(4) 2 ( 18) 2
8 15 2 140
16 8
25. 2147x6y7 272 3 x6 y7
8 15 2 22 3 5
272 13 2x6 2y6 1y 8
7 13 0x3 0 0y3 0 1y
8 15 2 22 2 12 15
7 0x3y3 0 13y
8
8 15 4 110

26. 272x3y4z5 8
2 15 110
223 32 x3 y4 z5 2
222 12 232 2x2 1x 2y4 2z4 1z 10 10 17 12
2 12 3 0x 0 1x y2 z2 1z
35. 17 12
17 12
17 12
6 0x 0 y2z2 12xz
10( 17 12)
( 17) 2 ( 12) 2
2 7 2 3 6 18
27. 37 33 33 28. 3 5 3 4 3 20
10( 17 12)
7 2
12 9 10( 17 12)
13
3 10 5
12 13 19 2( 17 12)
13
13 110 1
16 19 110 217 212
3
110
110
2 2 13 16

3 110 36. 13 16
13 16
13 16
10
2( 13 16)
( 13) 2 ( 16) 2
2( 13 16)
3 6
2 13 2 16
3
2 16 2 13
3
Chapter 11 500
37.
4
4
4
4
4 3 13 46. s 130fd
4 3 13 3 13 3 13
130(0.8)d
4(4 3 13)
42 (3 13) 2 124d

4(4 3 13) 223 3 d
16 27
222 12 13 1d
16 12 13
11 216d

16 12 13 47. wet road: s 312d
11
312(110)
3 17 3 17 5 13 3 15
38. 5 13 3 15 5 13 3 15 31220
5 13 3 15
44.5 mph
3 17(5 13 3 15)
(5 13) 2 (3 15) 2 dry road: s 216d

15 121 9 135 216(110)
75 45
21660
15 121 9 135
30 about 51.4 mph
1

5 121 3 135 48. s 2 (a b c)
10
1
39. A /w 40. A /w 2 (13 10 7)
1
(4110)(315)
a a 2 (30)
12150
38 32
a2
15
12252 2 3 16 49. A 1s(s a) (s b) (s c)
12252 12 2a2 115(15 13)(15 10)(15 7)
116
6012 or about 84.9 cm2 115(2)(5)(8)
a
4 m2 11200
41. A s2 42.
1
E 2mv2 224 3 52
s 1A 2E mv2 224 13 252
s 172 2E
v2 22 13 5
223 32
m
2013 or about 34.6 ft2
2E
222 22 232 v 3m 1 (a 1 1a)
50. (a 1 1a)
(a 1 1a)
2 12 3
a 1 1a
612 in. a(a 1 1a) 1(a 1 1a ) 1a(a 1 1a)
a 1 1a
43. v
2(54) a2 a a 1a a
3 0.6 1 1a a 1a 1a a
a 1 1a
1180 a2 3a 1
222 32 5 51. A lot of formulas and calculations that are used in
222 232 15 space exploration contain radical expressions.
2 3 15 615 or about 13.4 m/s Answers should include the following.
44. Escape Velocity
2GM • To determine the escape velocity of a planet, you
3 R
would need to know its mass and radius. It
2(6.7 1020 ) (7.4 1022 )
3 (1.7 103 )
would be very important to know the escape
velocity of a planet before you landed on it so
2(6.7 7.4) (1020 1022 )
3 (1.7 103 ) you would know if you had enough fuel and
(99.16) (102 ) velocity to launch from it to get back into space.
3
31 21 2
(1.7) (103 ) • The astronomical body with the smaller radius
99.16 102 would have a greater escape velocity. As the
1.7 103
radius decreases, the escape velocity increases.
258.3 101 52. C; surface area 96a2
15.83 96a2
area of one face
2.4 km/s 6
The Moon has a much lower escape velocity than 16a2

Earth. length of each edge 4a
45. s 130fd Volume s3
130(0.6)d (4a) 3
118d 64a3
22 32 d 53. B; x 81b2
12 232 1d 1x 281b2
312d 181 2b2
9b
501 Chapter 11
54. y 91.4 (91.4 t) [0.478 0.301( 1x 0.02) ] 63. 1, 2, 4, 8

9 91.4 (91.4 12) [0.478 0.301( 1x 0.02) ] 2
2
9 91.4 79.4[0.478 0.3011x 0.00602] 1
9 91.4 79.4[0.47198 0.3011x] The common factor is 2.
9 91.4 37.475212 23.8994 1x 1, 2, 4, 8 16 32 64
9 53.924788 23.8994 1x
(2) (2) (2)
62.924788 23.89941x
2.632902416 1x The next three terms are 16, 32, and 64.
7 mph x 64. 384, 192, 96, 48
55. y 91.4 (91.4 t) [ 0.478 0.301( 1x 0.02) ] 192
0.5
91.4 (91.4 12) [ 0.478 0.301( 14 0.02) ] 384
91.4 (91.4 12) [ 0.478 0.301(2 0.02) ] The common factor is 0.5.
91.4 (79.4) [ 0.478 0.301(1.98) ] 384, 192, 96, 48 24 12 6
91.4 (79.4) [ 0.478 0.59598]
0.5 0.5 0.5
91.4 (79.4) [ 1.07398]
91.4 85.274012 The next three terms are 24, 12, and 6.
6.125988 1 2
65. 9, 3, 4, 24
6F
1x 24 x2
2 1
1 1 1 1 1 96
56. x 2 x 2 x 2 2 57. 2 3
x The common factor is 6.
5 1 1 2
x 1a , , 4, 24 144 864 5184
1 2
5 a
1

2 2
58. x x 2 59. 3 1
9 3
a1 a 6 6 6
3 a a3
x2 1 The next three terms are 144, 864, and 5184.
2x3 a2 3 3 3
1
66. 3, 4, 16, 64
2x2 1x a1 3 3 1
1 34
x 1x a2 4
4 The common factor is 4.
1
a3
1 4 3 3 3 3 3 3
a2 3 3, 4, ,
16 64 256 1024 4096
5
a6
1 1 1
4 4 4
0y3 0
1 3 3 3
60. 3 13
The next three terms are ,
256 1024
, and 4096
.
0y3 0
1 67. 50, 10, 2, 0.4
1
10 1
313 2 50
5 0.2
0y3 0
1
3 The common factor is 0.2.
32 50, 10, 2, 0.4 0.08 0.016 0.032
0y3 0 3 2
3
1 23
0.2 0.2 0.2
0y3 0 3
1
2
The next three terms are 0.08, 0.016, and 0.032.
y
3 2
1
68. y art
1 y 1000(212 )
y
13
4,096,000
1 13
y
13 13 69. y 75(0.875) t
13 75(0.875) 15
y
y 10.1
1 2
3
1
61. s2t 2 8 2s5t4 (s16t4 ) 2s4 s t4 So the coffee is 95 10.1 84.9C
70. 6x2 7x 5 6 (5) 30
(s16t4 ) 2s4 1s 2t4
s16 t4 s2 1s t2 Factors of 30 Sum of Factors
(s16 s2 )(t4 t2 ) 1s 10, 3 7
s18t6 1s 6x2 7x 5 6x2 mx nx (5)
62. 2, 6, 18, 54 6x2 10x (3)x 5
6
3 2x(3x 5) (1) (3x 5)
2
(3x 5) (2x 1)
The common factor is 3.
2, 6, 18, 54 162 486 1458

3

3

3
Chapter 11 502
71. 35x2 43x 12 35 12 420 78. 3a 2b 11

(3, 10); 3(3) 2(10) 11
Factors of 420 Sum of Factors (43)
9 20 11
28, 15 43 11 11, true
35x2 43x 12 35x2 mx nx 12 (4, 1); 3(4) 2(1) 11
35x2 (28)x (15)x 12 12 2 11
(35x2 28x) (15x 12) 14 11, false
7x(5x 4) 3(5x 4) (2, 2.5); 3(2) 2(2.5) 11
(5x 4) (7x 3) 6 5 11
72. 5x2 3x 31 prime 11 11, true
73. 3x2 6x 105 3 (105) 315 (3, 2); 3(3) 2(2) 11
9 4 11
Factors of 315 Sum of Factors (6) 5 11, false
21, 15 6 {(3, 10), (2, 2.5)}
3
3x2 6x 105 3x2 mx nx 105 79. 5 2 x 2y
3x2 (21)x 15x 105 3
(0, 1); 5 2 (0) 2(1)
(3x2 21x) (15x 105)
3x(x 7) 15(x 7) 502
(x 7)(3x 15) 5 2, false
3
3(x 7)(x 5) (8, 2); 5 2 (8) 2(2)
74. 4x2 12x 15 prime 5 12 4
75. 8x2 10x 3 8 3 24 7 4, false
Factors of 24 Sum of Factors (10) 14, 12 2; 3
5 2 (4) 2 2 1 12
6, 4 10 5 6 1
2
8x 12x 15 8x2 mx nx 3 1 1, true
3
8x2 (6)x (4x) 3 (2, 1); 5 2 (2) 2(1)
(8x2 6x) (4x 3) 532
2x(4x 3) 1(4x 3) 2 2, true
514, 12 2, (2, 1) 6
(4x 3)(2x 1)
76. y 3x 2
80. 40 5d 81. 20.4 3.4y
(1, 5); 5 3(1) 2
40 5d 20.4 3.4y
532 5
5 3.4
3.4
5 5, true 8 d 6y
(2, 6); 6 3(2) 2 h
82. 25
1 2 (11)(25)
662 11
6 8, false (11)
h
11
(2, 2); 2 3(2) 2 h 275
2 6 2 r
2 4, false 83. 65 29
(4, 10); 10 3(4) 2 29(65) 29 129r 2
10 12 2
1885 r
10 10, true
84. (x 3)(x 2) x(x) x(2) 3(x) 3(2)
{(1, 5), (4, 10)}
x2 2x 3x 6
77. 5x 2y 10
x2 x 6
(3, 5); 5(3) 2(5) 10
85. (a 2)(a 5) a(a) a(5) 2(a) 2(5)
15 10 10
25 10, false a2 5a 2a 10
(2, 0); 5(2) 2(0) 10 a2 7a 10
10 0 10 86. (2t 1)(t 6) 2t(t) 2t(6) 1(t) 1(6)
10 10, true 2t2 12t t 6
(4, 2); 5(4) 2(2) 10 2t2 11t 6
20 4 10 87. (4x 3)(x 1) 4x(x) 4x(1) 3(x) 3(1)
24 10, false 4x2 4x 3x 3
(1, 2.5); 5(1) 2(2.5) 10 4x2 x 3
5 5 10
10 10, true
{(2, 0), (1, 2.5)}
503 Chapter 11
88. (5x 3y) (3x y) 12. P 4s

5x(3x) 5x(y) 3y(3x) 3y(y) 4(4 316)
15x2 5xy 9xy 3y2 4(4) 4(316)
16 1216 ft
15x2 4xy 3y2
89. (3a 2b)(4a 7b) The perimeter is 16 1216 ft.
3a(4a) 3a(7b) 2b(4a) 2b(7b) A s2
12a2 21ab 8ab 14b2 (4 316)(4 316)
12a2 13ab 14b2 4(4) 4(316) (316) (4) (316) (316)
16 1216 1216 9136
16 2416 9(6)
Operations with Radical 16 2416 54
11-2 70 2416 ft2
Expressions
The area is 70 2416 ft2.
Page 595 Check for Understanding 13. V 1PR
1. to determine if there are any like radicands 100-watt: V 1100(110)
2. The Distributive Property allows you to add like 1100 1110
terms. Radicals with like radicands can be added 101110
or subtracted. 104.88 volts
3. Sample answer: ( 12 13) 2 2 216 3 75-watt: V 175(110)
or 5 2 16 125 3 110
4. 413 713 (4 7) 13 252 13 1110
1113 51330
5. 216 716 (2 7) 16 90.83
516 The 100-watt bulb takes 101110 51330 or
about 14.05 volts more than a 75-watt bulb.
6. 515 3120 515 3222 5
515 3 ( 222 15)
515 3 (215)
515 615
14. 815 315 (8 3) 15
(5 6) 15
1115
15
15. 316 1016 (3 10) 16
7. 213 112 213 222 3
1316
213 222 13
16. 2115 6115 3115 (2 6 3) 115
213 213
7115
(2 2) 13
17. 5119 6119 11119 (5 6 11) 119
413
0119
8. 315 516 3120 0
315 516 3222 5 18. 161x 21x (16 2) 1x
315 516 3 ( 222 15) 181x
315 516 3 (215) 19. 315b 415b 1115b (3 4 11) 15b
315 516 615 1015b
(3 6) 15 516
20. 813 212 312 513
915 516
813 513 212 312
9. 813 13 19 813 13 3
(8 5) 13 (2 3) 12
(8 1) 13 3
1313 12
913 3 21. 416 117 612 4117
10. 12( 18 413) ( 12 )( 18) ( 12) (413) 416 612 117 4117
116 416 416 612 (1 4) 117
4 416 416 612 5117
11. (4 15)(3 15) 22. 118 112 18
4(3) 4 15 ( 15)(3) ( 15) ( 15) 19 2 14 3 24 2
12 415 315 125 232 2 222 3 222 2
312 213 212
12 (4 3) 15 5
312 212 213
17 715 (3 2) 12 213
512 213
Chapter 11 504
23. 16 213 112 16 213 14 3 30. 16( 13 512) ( 16) ( 13) ( 16) (512)
16 213 222 3 118 5112
16 213 213 19 2 514 3
16 (2 2) 13 232 2 5222 3
16 413 312 5(213)
24. 317 2128 317 214 7 312 1013
317 2222 7 31. 15(2110 312) ( 15) (2110) ( 15) (312)
317 2(217) 2150 3110
317 417 2125 2 3110
(3 4) 17 2252 2 3110
17 2(512) 3110
25. 2150 3132 2125 2 3116 2 1012 3110
2252 2 3242 2 32. (3 15)(3 15) 32 ( 15) 2
2(512) 3(412) 95
1012 1212 4
(10 12) 12 33. (7 110) 2 (7) 2 2(7) ( 110) (110) 2
212 49 14110 10
1 11 59 14110
26. 12 3 2 12 12 34. ( 16 18) ( 124 12)
12
1 ( 16)( 124) ( 16)( 12) ( 18) ( 124) ( 18)( 12)
12
1144 112 1192 116
1 12
12 12
12
12 14 3 164 3 4
16 222 3 282 3
12 12
1
2 16 213 813
2 12 12 16 (2 8) 13
2
2 16 1013
3 12 35. ( 15 12) ( 114 135)
2 ( 15)( 114) ( 15)( 135) ( 12)( 114) ( 12)( 135)
2 22 170 1175 128 170
27. 110 3 5 110 15 125 7 14 7
12 15
110 15
15
252 7 222 7
517 217
110
110 5
(5 2) 17
317
5 110 110

5 5 36. (2110 3115) (313 212)
4 110 (2110) (313) (2110) (212)

1 11
13 2
5
(3115) (313) (3115) (212)
1
28. 313 145 3 3 3 313 19 5 3 6130 4120 9145 6130
313 23 5 3 1 13 2
2 1 414 5 919 5
313 315 3 1 13 13 2
4222 5 9232 5
1 13
4(215) 9(315)
313 315 3 1 3 2
13 815 2715
1915
313 315 13 37. (512 315) (2110 3)
313 13 315 (512) (2110) (512) (3)
(3 1) 13 315 (315) (2110) (315) (3)
413 315 10120 1512 6150 915
29. 6 3 74 3128 10 3 17 6 1 17
14 2
3 14 7 10 1 17 2
11
1014 5 1512 6125 2 915
6 1 172 2 3 222 7 101 171 2 10222 5 1512 6252 2 915
2 3(217) 10 1 17 17 2
10(215) 1512 6(512) 915
6 17 1 17
2015 1512 3012 915
2 6 17 10 1 7 2 (2015 915) (1512 3012)
6 17 17
1115 1512
6 17 6 17 10 17
2
1
7
42 17 84 17 20 17
14
14
14
(42 84 20) 17
14
106 17
14
53 17
7
505 Chapter 11
38. P 2/ 2w 45. V 12gd

2(817 415) 2(517 315) from 25 feet: V 12(32)(25)
1617 815 1017 615 11600
(1617 1017) (815 615) 40 ft/s
(16 10) 17 (8 6) 15 from 100 feet: V 12(32)(100)
2617 215 16400
The perimeter is 2617 215 in. 80 ft/s
39. P 2/ 2w 46. The velocity doubled.
213 4111 6 2(2111 1) 2w 47. The velocity should be 19 or 3 times the velocity
213 4111 6 4111 2 2w of an object falling 25 feet; 3 40 120 ft/s,
213 4 2w 12(32)(225) 120 ft/s.
13 2 w 48. 10201P (1 0.01 1P)
The width is 13 2 cm. 1020155 (1 0.01 155)
1 1020(7.42) [1 0.01(7.42) ]
40. A 2 d d
1 2 7564.52[ 1 0.074]
1
2 (3 16)(5 14) 7564.52[ 0.93]
1 7003.5
2 (3 16) (5) (2)
The pumping station must supply about
1516 7003.5 gal/min.
The area is 15 16 cm2. 49. Sample answer: a 4, b 9; 14 9 14 19
41. d
3h 50. a 0 or b 0 or both
32
3(1450)
51. The distance a person can see is related to the
Sears Tower: d 3 3h
2 height of the person using d 3 2 . Answers
4350
3 2
• You can find how far each lifeguard can see
12175
from the height of the lifeguard tower. Each
125 87
tower should have some overlap to cover the
252 87 entire beach area.
5187 • On early ships, a lookout position (crow’s nest)
3(1250) was situated high on the foremast. Sailors
Empire State Building: d 3 2
could see farther from this position than from
3750
3 2
the ship’s deck.
11875 52. C; 917 2128 917 214 7
1625 3 917 2222 7
2252 3 917 2(217)
2513 917 417
(9 4) 17
5287 25 23 5(9.33) 25(1.73)
46.65 43.30 517
3.34 mi 53. D; 13(4 112) 2
A person can see about 3.34 mi farther. 13(42 2(4)( 112) ( 112) 2 )
42. Approximately 1000 feet; Solve 13(16 8112 12)
3(1250) 3h 13(28 8112)
3 3 2 4.57; may use guess and test,
2 ( 13)(28) ( 13) (8112)
graphical, or analytical methods.
2813 8136
43. r
F 2813 8(6)
3 5
2813 48
500
r 3 5
100
1100
1 54. 140 14 10 55. 1128 164 2

10 222 110 282 12
1
2110 812
5.64
6 in. 56. 2196x2y3 2142 x2 y2 y
The radius of the pipe is about 6 in. 2142 2x2 2y2 1y
44. No, each pipe would need to carry 500 gallons per 14|x|y1y
minute, so the pipes would need a radius greater
than 5.6 in.
Chapter 11 506
1116 22 121
150 150 18 225c4d 2225c4d 36 ?
18 Check: 0
57. 18 18
58. 3 18c2 118c2
36 36

1400

1225 2c4 1d
121
121 0 ✓
8 118 1c2
15 0 c2 0 1d or
1 2
20
8 19 2 c 6 36 ?
11 2 121 0
15 0 c2 0 1d
5
2 3c 12 36 36
121 0 ✓
5 0 c 0 1d 121
12
65. 48n3 75n 0
5 0 c 0 1d 12
12
12
3n(16n2 25) 0
5 0 c 0 12d 3n(4n 5) (4n 5) 0
2 3n 0 or 4n 5 0 or 4n 5 0
63a 63 n0 4n 5 4n 5
59. 3 128a3b2
3 128a2b2 5 5
n4 n 4
554, 0, 54 6
163
1128a2b2
19 7
164 2 a2 b2
?
Check: 48(0) 3 75(0) 0
232 17
182 12 1a2 1b2
000✓
3 17 or
1 2 1 2
8|ab| 12
5 5 ?
3 17 12 48 4 3 75 4 0
48 1 2 75154 2 0
8|ab| 12 12
125 ?
3 114 64
16|ab|
48 1 64 2 75 1 4 2 0
3 125 5 ?
60. a a (rn1 ) 61. a a (rn1 )
4 1 4 2 0 ✓
n 1 n 1 4
a6 4(4) 61 a4 7(9) 41 375 375
4(4) 5 7(93 )
or
154 23 751 54 2 0

4(1024) 7(729)
4096 5103 48
?
48 1 64 2 75 1 4 2 0
62. an a1 (rn1 ) 125 5 ?
a8 2(0.8) 81
48 1 64 2 75 1 4 2 0
3 125
2(0.8) 7 5 ?
2(0.2097152) 4
0.4194304 375

375
0✓
4 4
63. 81 49y 2
66. 5x 80x 240 15x2
3
0 49y2 81 3
5x 15x 80x 240 02
0 (7y 9)(7y 9) (5x3 15x2 ) (80x 240) 0
7y 9 0 or 7y 9 0
5x2 (x 3) 80(x 3) 0
7y 9 7y 9
9 9
(x 3) (5x2 80) 0
y7 y 7 x30 or 5x2 80 0
5
97 6 x 3 or 5x2 80
197 22 1 2
x2 16
? ? 9
Check: 81 49 or 81 49 7 2 x
4
81 49 1 49 2
? 81
81 49 1 49 2
? 81 54,3, 46
?
? 1 81 ? 181 Check: 5(4) 3 80(4) 240 15(4) 2
81 49 49 81 49 49 ?
1 1 320 (320) 240 (240)
81 81 ✓ 81 81 ✓ 00✓
36 or
64. q2 121 0
1q 116 21q 116 2 0

?
5(3) 3 80(3) 240 15(3) 2
?
135 (240) 240 (135)
6 6
q 11 0 or q 11 0 105 105 ✓
q 11
6
or q
6 or
5
116 6
11 ?
5(4) 3 80(4) 240 15(4) 2
?
320 320 240 240
00✓
507 Chapter 11
67. 8n 5 3. 13x 5 x 5
8n

5 ( 13x 5) 2 (x 5) 2
8 8
5 3x 5 (x) 2 2(x) (5) (5) 2
n 8 3x 5 x2 10x 25
5 4 6
Check: Let n 8 . Let n 8 . Let n 8 . 0 x2 13x 30
158 2 5 148 2 5 168 2 5 0 (x 3) (x 10)
? ? ?
8 8 8
x 3 0 or x 10 0
5 5✓ 45 6 5✓
5 6.
x 3 or x 10
5
The solution set is n|n 8
x 10; the solution is the same as the solution
w from the graph. However, when solving
68. 6 14
9 algebraically, you have to check that x 3 is an
w
9 9 6 14 9 extraneous solution.
w 6 126
Check: Let w 126 Let w 125 Let w 127
126 ? 125 ? 127 ? Page 600 Check for Understanding
6 14 6 14 6 14
9 9 9
1. Isolate the radical on one side of the equation.
14 14 13.88 6 14 ✓ 14.11 14 Square each side of the equation and simplify.
7k 21
69. 7 Then check for extraneous solutions.
2 10
2 7k 2 21 2. The solution may not satisfy the original
7
7 2 7 10 equation.
3
k 7 5 3. Sample answer: 1x 1 8
Check: Let k
3
. Let k
2
. Let k
4
. ( 1x 1) 2 82
5 5 5
3 2 4 x 1 64
75 75 75
? 21
7 10
? 21
7 10
7
? 21
10
x 63
2 2 2
75
3
75
2
75
4 4. Alex; the square of 1x 5 is x 5.
2 ? 2 21 2 ? 2 21 2 ? 2 21 ?
10 10 10
1 2
7 1 1 2
7 1 1 2
7 1 5. 1x 5 Check: 125 5
75 7
3 ? 21
5
75 7
2 ? 21
5
75 7
4 ? 21
5
( 1x) 2 52 55✓
21 21 14 21 28 21 x 25
5
5 5
5 5
7 5
✓
The solution is 25.
70. There are 6 6 6 216 possible outcomes in the ?
sample space. Only one outcome has each roll a 1. 6. 12b 8 Check: 12 32 8
?
1
Therefore, the probability is 216. ( 12b) 2 (8) 2 164 8
71. (x 2) 2 (x 2 ) 2(x)(2) (2) 2 2b 64 8 8 ✕
2b 64
x2 4x 4 2
2
72. (x 5) (x) 2 2(x)(5) (5) 2
2
b 32
x2 10x 25 Since 32 does not satisfy the original equation,
73. (x 6) (x) 2 2(x)(6) (6) 2
2 there is no solution.
x2 12x 36 7. 17x 7 Check: 17 7 7
?
2 (3x) 2 2(3x)(1) (1) 2

74. (3x 1) ( 17x) 2 72
?
149 7
9x2 6x 1 7x 49 77✓
75. (2x 3) 2 (2x) 2 2(2x)(3) (3) 2 x7
4x2 12x 9 The solution is 7.
2 (4x) 2 2(4x)(7) (7) 2
76. (4x 7) 8. 13a 6 Check: 1(3) (12) 6
?
16x2 56x 49 ( 13a) 2 (6) 2

?
236 6
3a 36 66✓
a 12
11-3 Radical Equations The solution is 12.
?
9. 18s 1 5 Check: 18(2) 1 5
?
18s 4 116 1 5
Page 600 Graphing Calculator Investigation ?
( 18s ) 2 (4) 2 415
1.
8s 16 55✓
s2
The solution is 2.
2. (10, 5)
Chapter 11 508
10. 17x 18 9 Check:

?
17(9) 18 9 15. s 3.11d
( 17x 18) 2 (9) 2
?
163 18 9 240 3.11d
? 77.42 1d
7x 18 81 281 9
7x 63 99✓ (77.42) 2 ( 1d ) 2
x9 5,993.76 d
The solution is 9. The depth of the water is about 5994 m.
11. 15x 1 2 6 16. s 3.11d
15x 1 4 10,000 m: s 3.1110,000
3.1(100)
( 15x 1) 2 (4) 2
310
5x 1 16
5x 15 20 m: s 3.1120
x3 13.9
? 310 13.9 296
Check: 15(3) 1 2 6
? The wave loses about 296 m/s.
115 1 2 6
?
116 2 6
? Pages 601–603 Practice and Apply
426
17. 1a 10
66✓
# ( 1a) 2 102
The solution is 3.
a 100
12. 16x 8 x 4 ?
( 16x 8) 2 (x 4) 2 Check: 1100 10
10 10 ✓
6x 8 (x) 2 2(x) (4) (4) 2
18. 1k 4
6x 8 x2 8x 16
0 x2 14x 24 ( 1k) 2 (4) 2
0 (x 12)(x 2) k 16
x 12 0 or x 2 0 k 16
?
x 12 x 2 Check: 1(16) 4
?
Check: 116 4
16x 8 x 4 16x 8 x 4 44✓
?
16(12) 8 12 4 16(2) 8 2 4 19. 512 1x
?
172 8 12 4 112 8 6 (512) 2 ( 1x) 2
? 25(2) x
164 8 220 6 ✕ 50 x
88✓ ?
Check: 512 150
Since 2 does not satisfy the original equation, ?
12 is the only solution. 512 125 2
13. 4 1x 2 x 512 512 ✓
1x 2 x 4 20. 317 1y
( 1x 2) 2 (x 4) 2 (317 ) 2 ( 1y ) 2
x 2 x2 2(x)(4) (4) 2 9(7) y
x 2 x2 8x 16 63 y
63 y
0 x2 9x 18 ?
0 (x 3)(x 6) Check: 317 1(63)
x 3 0 or x 6 0 ?
317 163
x 3 or x6 ?
? 317 19 7
Check: 4 13 2 3 4 16 2 6 317 317 ✓
?
4 11 3 4 14 6 21. 314a 2 10
?
413 426 314a 12
53✕ 66✓ 14a 4
Since 3 does not satisfy the original equation, 6 is ( 14a ) 2 (4) 2
the only solution. 4a 16
14. s 3.11d a4
?
s 3.1110 Check: 314(4) 2 10
3.1(3.16) ?
3116 2 10
9.8 ?
The speed of the tsunami is about 9.8 m/s. 3(4) 2 10
?
12 2 10
10 10 ✓
509 Chapter 11
22. 3 51n 18 Check: 14(2) 1 3 0

?
51n 15 ?
18 1 3 0
1n 3 ?
( 1n ) 2 (3) 2 19 3 0
?
n9 330
Check: 3 519 18
?
00✓
? 28. 13r 5 7 3
3 5(3) 18
? 13r 5 4
3 15 18 ( 13r 5) 2 (4) 2
18 18 ✓ 3r 5 16
23. 1x 3 5 3r 21
( 1x 3 ) 2 (5) 2 r7
x 3 25 ?
Check: 13(7) 5 7 3
x 22 ?
? 121 5 7 3
Check: 122 3 5 ?
? 116 7 3
125 5 ?
5 5 ✕ 473
No solution 11 3 ✕
24. 1x 5 2 16 No solution
( 1x 5 ) 2 (216) 2 4x
93
x 5 4(6)
29. 35
4x
x 5 24 35 12
1 3 4x5 22 (12)2
x 29
?
Check: 129 5 216
4x
?
124 216 5
144
?
14 6 216 4x 720
x 180
216 216 ✓
4(180) ?
25. 13x 12 313 Check: 3 5
93
( 13x 12 ) 2 (313) 2 720 ?
3 93
3x 12 9(3) 5
?
3x 12 27 1144 9 3
3x 15 ?
12 9 3
x5 33✓
?
Check: 13(5) 12 313 4t
? 30. 5 3 3 2 0
115 12 313
4t
?
127 313 53 3 2
?
19 3 313 4t
5
2
33
1 3 4t3 22 125 22
313 313 ✓
26. 12c 4 8
( 12c 4) 2 (8) 2 4t 4
25
3
2c 4 64 12
2c 68 4t 25
c 34 3
t 25
?
Check: 12(34) 4 8 3
? 425 ?
168 4 8 Check: 5B 20
?
3
164 8 12
?
88✓ 25
5B 2 0
3
27. 14b 1 3 0
4 ?
14b 1 3 5 3 25 2 0
125 2 2 0
( 14b 1) 2 (3) 2 ?
5
4b 1 9
?
4b 8 220
b2 00✓
Chapter 11 510
31. 2x2 9x 14 x 4 36. x 1x 20

( 2x2 9x 14 ) 2 (x 4) 2 (x) 2 ( 1x 20) 2
x2 9x 14 x2 2(x)(4) 42 x2 x 20
2 x 20 0
x2 9x 14 x2 8x 16 x
9x 14 8x 16 (x 5)(x 4) 0
x 14 16 x 5 0 or x 4 0
x2 x5 x 4
? ? ?
Check: 222 9(2) 14 2 4 Check: 5 15 20 4 14 20
? ?
14 18 14 6 5 125 4 115 ✕
? 55✓
136 6
66✓ Since 4 does not satisfy the original equation,
5 is the only solution.
32. y 2 2y2 5y 4
37. 15x 6 x
(y 2) 2 ( 2y2 5y 4 ) 2
( 15x 6 ) 2 (x) 2
y 2(y)(2) 22 y2 5y 4
2
5x 6 x2
y2 4y 4 y2 5y 4
0 x2 5x 6
4y 4 5y 4
0 (x 2) (x 3)
y 4 4
x 2 0 or x 3 0
y 0
x 2 or x3
y0 ? ?
? Check: 15(2) 6 2 15(3) 6 3
Check: 0 2 202 5(0) 4 ? ?
? 110 6 2 115 6 3
2 10 0 4 ? ?
? 14 2 19 3
2 14
22✓ 33✓
22✓
38. 128 3x x
33. Let x the number.
( 128 3x ) 2 (x) 2
1x 7 8
28 3x x2
( 1x 7 ) 2 82
0 x2 3x 28
x 7 64
0 (x 7) (x 4)
x 57
?
x 7 0 or x 4 0
Check: 157 7 8 x 7 x4
? ?
164 8 Check: 128 3(7) 7 128 3(4) 4
88✓ ?
128 21 7 128 12 4
34. Let x the number. ?
x
149 7 116 4
36 9 7 7 ✕ 44✓
1 3 6x 22 92 Since 7 does not satisfy the original equation,

x
6
81 39. 1x 1 x 1
x 486 ( 1x 1 ) 2 (x 1) 2
486 ? x 1 x2 2(x) (1) (1) 2
Check: 3 9
6 x 1 x2 2x 1
?
181 9 0 x2 3x
99✓ 0 x(x 3)
35. x 16 x x 0 or x 3 0
(x) 2 ( 16 x) 2 x3
? ?
x2 6 x Check: 10 1 0 1 13 1 3 1
2
x x60 ? ?
11 1 14 2
(x 3)(x 2) 0 1 1 ✕ 22✓
x30 or x 2 0 Since 0 does not satisfy the original equation,
x 3 or x2 3 is the only solution.
? ?
Check: 3 16 (3) 2 16 2
? ?
3 19 2 14
3 3 ✕ 22✓
Since 3 does not satisfy the original equation,
511 Chapter 11
40. 11 2b 1 b Check: 2 16 2 4
?
5 16 5 4
?
( 11 2b ) 2 (1 b) 2 ? ?
2 14 4 5 11 4
1 2b (1) 2 2(1)(b) (b) 2 ? ?
1 2b 1 2b b2 224 514
0 b2 4b 44✓ 64✕
0 b(b 4) Since 5 does not satisfy the original equation, 2 is
b 0 or b 4 0 the only solution.
b 4 44. 16 3x x 16
Check: ( 16 3x ) 2 (x 16) 2
?
11 2(0) 1 0
?
11 2(4) 1 4 6 3x x2 2(x)(16) 162
? ? 6 3x x2 32x 256
11 0 1 11 8 3
? ?
0 x2 35x 250
11 1 19 3 0 (x 25)(x 10)
11✓ 3 3 ✕ x 25 0 or x 10 0
Since 4 does not satisfy the original equation, x 25 x 10
0 is the only solution. Check:
41. 4 1m 2 m ?
16 3(25) 25 16
?
16 3(10) 10 16
1m 2 m 4 ?
16 75 9
?
16 30 6
( 1m 2 ) 2 (m 4) 2 ? ?
181 9 136 6
m 2 m2 2(m)(4) (4) 2 9 9 ✕ 66✓
m 2 m2 8m 16
0 m2 9m 18 10 is the only solution.
0 (m 3)(m 6)
m 3 0 or m 6 0 45. 22r2 121 r
m3 m6 ( 22r2 121 ) 2 r2
? ? 2r2 121 r2
Check: 4 13 2 3 4 16 2 6
? ? r2 121 0
4 11 3 4 14 6 (r 11)(r 11) 0
? ?
413 426 r 11 0 or r 11 0
53✕ 66✓ r 11 or r 11
Since 3 does not satisfy the original equation, 6 is Check:
? ?
the only solution. 22(112 ) 121 11 22(11) 2 121 11
42. 13d 8 d 2 ? ?
12(121) 121 11 12(121) 121 11
( 13d 8 ) 2 (d 2) 2 ? ?
3d 8 d2 2(d)(2) (2) 2 1121 11 1121 11
11 11 ✓ 11 11 ✕
3d 8 d2 4d 4
0 d2 7d 12 Since 11 does not satisfy the original equation,
0 (d 3)(d 4) 11 is the only solution.
d 3 0 or d 4 0 46. 25p2 7 2p
d3 d4 ( 25p2 7 ) 2 (2p) 2
Check: 5p2 7 4p2
?
13(3) 8 3 2
?
13(4) 8 4 2 p2 7 0
? ? p2 7
19 8 1 112 8 2
? ? p
17
11 1 14 2
Check:
11✓ 22✓ ? ?
25( 17) 2 7 2 17 25(17) 2 7 2 (17)
43. x 16 x 4 ? ?
16 x 4 x 15(7) 7 2 17 15(7) 7 217
? ?
( 16 x ) 2 (4 x) 2 135 7 2 17 135 7 217
? ?
6 x 42 2(4)(x) (x) 2 128 2 17 128 217
6 x 16 8x x2 2 17 217 ✓ 217 217 ✕
0 x2 7x 10 Since 17 does not satisfy the original equation,
0 (x 2)(x 5) 17 is the only solution.
x 2 0 or x 5 0
47. 2(x 5) 2 x 5
x2 x5
( 2(x 5) 2 ) 2 (x 5) 2
(x 5) 2 (x 5) 2
Sometimes; only numbers that make (x 5)
non-negative.
Chapter 11 512
48. L 1kP 56. P 2 3 32

/
42 10.1669P
(42) 2 ( 10.1669P ) 2 t 2 3 32 2t 2 3 32
/ /
1764 0.1669P t 2t
3 32 3 32
/ /
10,569 P
12t 22 1 3 32/ 22 1t 22 1 3 32/ 22

2 2
The maximum take off weight is 10,569 lb.
49. L 1kP
t2 t2
32 32
/ /
232 1k(870,000) 42 2
(232) 2 ( 1870,000k ) 2 32t2 32t2
/ / 2
53,824 870,000k 42
0.0619 k 8t2
2
50. A r2 32t2 8t2 24t2
A 2
2
2

r2
57. V 201t 273 58. V 201t 273
A
3
2r2 356 201t 273 340 201t 273
A 17.8 1t 273 17 1t 273
3 r (17.8) 2 ( 1t 273 ) 2 (17) 2 ( 1t 273 ) 2
51. r
A
52. r
A 316.84 t 273 289 t 273
3 3 t 43.84C t 16C
96 48
r 3
r 3 59. V 201t 273
r 196 r 148 V 2010 273
r 116 6 r 116 3 201273
r 416 or about 9.8 m r 413 or about 6.9 m 330.45
53. It increases by a factor of 12. V 6 330.45 m/s
60. 1h 9 1h 13
P 2 3 32
/
54. ( 1h 9 1h ) 2 ( 13 ) 2
2 ( 1h 9 ) 2 2( 1h 9 ) (1h ) (1h ) 2 3
2 3 32
/
3
h 9 21h(h 9) h 3
1
3 32 2h 9 2 1h(h 9) 3
/
131 22 1 3 32/ 22
3
21h(h 9) 6 2h
1h(h 9) 3 h
1
32
/ ( 1h(h 9) ) 2 (3 h) 2
92
32 h(h 9) 32 2(3) (h) (h) 2
/
92 h2 9h 9 6h h2
/ 0.36 ft 3h 9
h3
55. P 2 3 32
/
Check: 13 9 13 13
1 2 3 32 2 2 3 32 112 13 13
/ /
121 22 1 3 32/ 22 2
213 13 13
3 32
/
13 13 ✓
11 22 1 3 32/ 22
2
1 61. You can determine the time it takes an object to
32
/
42
fall from a given height using a radical equation.
32 1
/ 32
/
42 2 Answers should include the following.
/ 0.81 ft
32
/ • It would take a skydiver approximately
2
42 seconds to fall 10,000 feet. Using the
/ 3.24 ft equation, it would take 25 seconds. The time
3.24 0.81 2.43 ft longer is different in the two calculations because air
resistance slows the skydiver.
• A skydiver can increase the speed of his fall by
lowering air resistance. This can be done by
pulling his arms and legs close to his body. A
skydiver can decrease his speed by holding his
arms and legs out, which increases the air
resistance.
62. A; 1x 3 6 1y 3 6
( 1x 3) 2 (6) 2 1y 3
x 3 36 ( 1y ) 2 (3) 2
x 33 y9
513 Chapter 11
63. C; ( 1a 1)
2
2(a 1) 2 76. d2 50d 225
a1 a1 No; 50d 2(d)(15)
64. Clear the Y list. Enter the left side of the 77. 4n2 28n 49
equation as Y1. Enter the right side of the Yes; 28n 2(2n)(7)
equation as Y2. Use the intersect feature on the (2n 7)2
CALC menu to find the x value of the point of
78. 16b2 56bc 49c2
intersection is 8.
Yes; 56bc 2(4b)(7c)
65. Clear the Y list. Enter the left side of the
(4b 7c)2
equation as Y1. Enter the right side of the
equation as Y2. Use the intersect feature on the 79. (r 3)(r 4) r(r) r(4) 3(r) 3(4)
CALC menu to find the x value of the point of r2 4r 3r 12
intersection is 11. r2 r 12
66. Clear the Y list. Enter the left side of the 80. (3z 7)(2z 10)
equation as Y1. Enter the right side of the 3z(2z) 3z(10) 7(2z) 7(10)
equation as Y2. Use the intersect feature on the 6z2 30z 14z 70
CALC menu to find the x value of the point of 6z2 44z 70
intersection is 2.
81. (2p 5)(3p2 4p 9)
67. Clear the Y list. Enter the left side of the 2p(3p2 ) 2p(4p) 2p(9) 5(3p2 ) 5(4p) 5(9)
6p3 8p2 18p 15p2 20p 45
equation as Y2. Use the intersect feature on the
6p3 7p2 2p 45
CALC menu to find the x value of the point of
9
intersection is 15.08. 82. F 5C 32
68. Clear the Y list. Enter the left side of the 9
F 5 (35) 32
9
F 5 (40) 32
equation as Y2. Use the intersect feature on the 63 32 72 32
CALC menu to find the x value of the point of 95F 104F
intersection is 1.70. 95 F 104
3
69. Clear the Y list. Enter the left side of the 83. y 2x 7
equation as Y1. Enter the right side of the 7y 14x 3
equation as Y2. Use the intersect feature on the 14x 7y 3
CALC menu, or the fact that the graph has no 14x 7y 3
points of intersection, to determine that the 84. y 3 2(x 6)
equation has no solution. y 3 2x 12
y 2x 15
2x y 15
Page 603 Maintain Your Skills 85. y 2 7.5(x 3)
70. 516 1216 (5 12) 16 y 2 7.5x 22.5
1716 y 7.5x 24.5
71. 112 6127 14 3 619 3 7.5x y 24.5
213 6(313 ) 15x 2y 49
213 1813 86. 2a2 b2 2(3) 2 (4) 2
2013 19 16
72. 118 512 3132 19 2 512 3116 2 125
3 12 512 3(412 ) 5
3 12 512 1212
87. 2a2 b2 2(24) 2 (7) 2
(3 5 12) 12
1576 49
4 12
1625
73. 1192 164 3 74. 16 110 160 25
813 14 15
88. 2a2 b2 212 12
2115
11 1
21 21 110 13
75. 110 13
110 13
110 13 12

21( 110 13) 89. 2a2 b2 282 122
( 110) 2 ( 13) 2
164 144
21( 110 13)
10 3 1208
21( 110 13) 116 13
7 4113
3( 110 13 )
Chapter 11 514
Page 603 Practice Quiz 1 10. 12x 1 2x 7

1. 148 116 3 2. 13 16 118 ( 12x 1) 2 (2x 7) 2
413 19 2 (2x 1) (2x) 2 2(2x) (7) (7) 2
312 2x 1 4x2 28x 49
3 3 2 110 0 4x2 30x 50
3. 2 2
2 110 110 110 0 2(2x2 15x 25)

3(2 110) 0 2(2x 5) (x 5)
(2) 2 ( 110) 2
2x 5 0 or x 5 0
3(2 110)
4 10
2x 5 x5
5

3(2 110) x2
3 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 7 12(5) 1 2(5) 7
6
5 ? 5 ?
2 110 Check:
2 ? ?
4. 615 3111 515 615 515 3111 15 1 5 7 110 1 10 7
? ?
(6 5) 15 3111 14 2 19 3
1115 3111 2 2 ✕ 33✓
5
5. 213 9112 213 9( 14.3) Since 2 does not satisfy the original equation, 5
213 9(213) is the only solution.
213 1813
(2 18) 13
2013 Page 604 Graphing Calculator Investigation
6. (3 16 ) (3) 2 2(3)(16 ) (16 ) 2
2 (Follow-Up of Lesson 11-3)
9 616 6 1. y 1x 1
15 616
7. A s2
(2 17) 2
22 2(2)( 17) ( 17) 2
4 417 7
11 417 or 21.6 cm2
8. 115 x 4 [10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
( 115 x) 2 42 The domain is {x|x 0}; the graph is shifted up
15 x 16 1 unit.
x 1 2. y 1x 3
x 1
Check: 115 (1) 4
116 4
4 4✓
9. 23x2 32 x
( 23x2 32) 2 x2
3x2 32 x2
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
2x2 32 0
2x2 32 The domain is {x|x 0} ; the graph is shifted
down 3 units.
x2 16
x
4 3. y 1x 2
? ?
Check: 23(4) 2 32 4 23(4) 2 32 4
? ?
13(16) 32 4 13(16) 32 4
? ?
148 32 4 148 32 4
? ?
116 4 116 4
44✓ 4 4 ✕
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
The domain is {x|x 2} ; the graph is shifted
left 2 units.
515 Chapter 11
4. y 1x 5 9. y 12x 5 4
[5, 15] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1 [10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
The domain is {x|x 5} ; the graph is shifted The domain is {x|x 2.5}; the graph is shifted
right 5 units. left 2.5 units, down 4 units.
5. y 1x 10. No, you must consider the graph of y 1x and
the graph of y 1x. This graph fails the
vertical line test. For every value of x 7 0, there
are two values for y.
11. No; the equation y
21 x2 is not a
function since there are both positive and
negative values for y for each value of x.
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1 12. Enter y |x| 21 x2 as Y1 and
y |x| 21 x2 as Y2.
The domain is {x|x 0} ; the graph is reflected
across y-axis. KEYSTROKES: 1 X,T,␪,n )
6. y 13x 2nd [ 1 ] 1 X,T,␪,n )
ENTER 1 X,T,␪,n ) 2nd
[1 ] 1 X,T,␪,n ) GRAPH
The graph is shaped like a heart.
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1

11-4 The Pythagorian Theorem
The domain is {x|x 0} ; the graph is expanded.
7. y 1x Pages 607–608 Check for Understanding
1.
hypotenuse
leg
leg
2. Compare the lengths of the sides. The hypotenuse
is the longest side, which is always the side
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
opposite the right angle.
The domain is {x|x 0} ; the graph is reflected 3. s2 s2 d2
across x-axis.
2s2 d2
8. y 11 x 6
22s2 2d2
22s2 d or d s 12
4. c a2 b2
2
c2 142 122
c2 196 144
c2 340
c
1340
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [5, 15] scl: 1 c 18.44
The domain is {x|x 1} ; the graph is reflected The length of the hypotenuse is 18.44 units.
across y-axis, shifted right 1 unit, up 6 units. 5. c2 a2 b2
412 a2 402
1681 a2 1600
81 a2

181 a
9a
The length of the leg is 9 units.
Chapter 11 516
6. c2 a2 b2 14. c2 a2 b2
c2 102 242 c2 72 92
c2 100 576 c2 49 81
c2 676 c2 130
c2
1676 c
1130
c 26 c 11.40
The length of the hypotenuse is 26 units. The length of the hypotenuse is about 11.40 units.
7. c2 a2 b2 15. c2 a2 b2
612 112 b2 c2 282 452
3721 121 b2 c2 784 2025
3600 b2 c2 2809

13600 b c
12809
60 b c 53
The length of the leg is 60 units. The length of the hypotenuse is 53 units.
8. c2 a2 b2 16. c2 a2 b2
( 1233) 2 a2 132 142 52 b2
233 a2 169 196 25 b2
64 a2 171 b2

164 a
1171 b
8a 13.08 b
The length of the leg is 8 units. The length of the leg is about 13.08 units.
9. c2 a2 b2 17. c2 a2 b2
c2 72 42 1802 a2 1752
c2 49 16 32,400 a2 30,625
c2 65 1775 a2
c
165
11775 a
c 8.06 42.13 a
The length of the hypotenuse is about 8.06 units. The length of the leg is about 42.13 units.
10. No; 42 62 92. 18. c2 a2 b2
11. Yes; 162 302 342. 1012 992 b2
12. A; c2 a2 b2 10,201 9,801 b2
82 a2 62 400 b2
64 a2 36
1400 b
28 a2 20 b

128 a The length of the leg is 20 units.
217 a 19. c2 a2 b2
The length of the leg is 217 units. c2 162 632
bh c2 256 3,969
A 2 c2 4,225
6 2 17
A 2 c
14225
617 units2 c 65
The length of the hypotenuse is about 65 units.
20. c2 a2 b2
Pages 608–610 Practice and Apply 342 162 b2
13. c2 a2 b2 1156 256 b2
152 a2 52 900 b2
225 a2 25
1900 b
200 a2 30 b

1200 a The length of the leg is 30 units.
14.14 a 21. c2 a2 b2
The length of the leg is about 14.14 units. c2 ( 1112 ) 2 32
c2 112 9
c2 121
c
1121
c 11
The length of the hypotenuse is 11 units.
517 Chapter 11
22. c2 a2 b2 30. c2 a2 b2
c2 ( 115) 2 ( 110) 2 (7x) 2 a2 (3x) 2
c2 15 10 49x2 a2 9x2
c2 25 40x2 a2
c
125
240x2 a
c5
140x a
The length of the hypotenuse is 5 units. 6.32x a
23. c2 a2 b2 The length of the leg is about 6.32x units.
142 92 b2 31. Yes; 302 402 502.
196 81 b2 32. No; 62 122 182.
115 b2 33. No; 242 302 362.

1115 b 34. Yes; 452 602 752.
10.72 b
35. Yes; 152 ( 131) 2 162.
The length of the leg is about 10.72 units.
36. Yes; 42 72 ( 165) 2.
24. c2 a2 b2
37. Use the formula for the area of a square to find
c2 62 32
the length of a side.
c2 36 9
A s2
c2 45
162 s2
c
145

1162 s
c 6.71
1162 s
The length of the hypotenuse is about 6.71 units.
Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the
25. c2 a2 b2
diagonal.
122 a2 ( 177) 2
d 2 s2 s2
144 a2 77
d2 ( 1162) 2 ( 1162) 2
67 a2
d2 162 162

167 a
d2 324
8.19 a
d
1324
The length of the leg is about 8.19 units.
d 18
26. c2 a2 b2
The length of the diagonal is 18 ft.
c2 42 ( 111) 2
38. Let x length of one leg.
c2 16 11
x 5 length of second leg.
c2 27
c2 a2 b2
c
127
252 x2 (x 5) 2
c 5.20
625 x2 x2 2(x) (5) 52
The length of the hypotenuse is about 5.20 units.
625 2x2 10x 25
27. c2 a2 b2
0 2x2 10x 600
c2 ( 1225) 2 ( 128) 2
0 2(x2 5x 300)
c2 225 28 0 2(x 20)(x 15)
c2 253 x 20 0 or x 15 0
c
1253 x 20 ✕ x 15
c 15.91 The first leg is 15 cm; the second leg is 20 cm.
The length of the hypotenuse is about 15.91 units. 39. The diagonal of the cube is the hypotenuse of a
28. c2 a2 b2 triangle with one leg being the diagonal of a face
( 1155) 2 ( 131) 2 b2 and the other leg being a side.
155 31 b2 Diagonal of face: d2 s2 s2
124 b2 d2 42 42

1124 b d2 16 16
11.14 b d2 32
The length of the leg is about 11.14 units. d 132
29. c2 a2 b2 Diagonal of cube: d2 ( 132) 2 42
c2 (8x) 2 (15x) 2 d2 32 16
c2 64x2 225x2 d2 48
c2 289x2 d 148
c
2289x2 d 116.3
c 17x d 413 or 6.93 in.
The length of the hypotenuse is about 17x units.
Chapter 11 518
40. Let x the length of the shorter leg. 49. Use the Pythagorean Theorem to calculate the
144

8 length of the vertical leg of the right triangle
x 5
whose hypotenuse is 180 ft and horizontal leg is
8x 720 130 ft.
x 90
c2 a2 b2
The shorter leg is 90 m. 1802 a2 1302
c2 a2 b2 32400 a2 16900
1442 902 b2 15500 a2
20,736 8100 b2
115500 a
12,636 b2 124.5 a

112,636 b The maximum height reached is the sum of the
112.41 b three vertical sections.
The longer leg is about 112.41 m. 80 ft 124.5 ft 120 ft 324.5 ft
41. c2 a2 b2 This value of 324.5 ft is the vertical leg of the
c2 2082 3602 right triangle whose hypotenuse is 381.2 ft. The
c2 43,264 129,600 Pythagorean Theorem can be used to determine
c2 172,864 the horizontal leg is about 200 ft.
c 1172,864 The plateau at the top can be calculated by
c 415.8 considering the corresponding segment of equal
It will travel about 415.8 ft. length at the bottom.
42. c2 a2 b2 750 ft (100 ft 130 ft 50 ft 200 ft) 270 ft
c2 442 2082 The Pythagorean Theorem can be used to show
c2 1936 43,264 that the right triangle with legs of 50 ft and 80 ft
c2 45,200 has a hypotenuse of about 94.3 ft. The
c 145,200 Pythagorean Theorem can also be used to show
c 212.6 that the right triangle with legs of 100 ft and
120 ft has a hypotenuse of about 156.2 ft.
It will travel about 212.6 ft.
The total distance traveled is about 381.2 ft 270
43. The roller coaster makes a total horizontal advance
ft 94.3 ft 180 ft 156.2 ft 1081.7 ft
of 404 feet, reaches a vertical height of 208 feet,
and travels a total track length of about 628.4 feet. The maximum height is about 324.5 ft.
44. See students’ work. 50. Engineers can use the Pythagorean Theorem to
find the total length of the track, which
45. c2 a2 b2
determines how much material and land area
c2 1002 602
they need to build the attraction. Answers should
c2 10,000 3600 include the following.
c2 13,600
• A tall hill requires more track length both
c
113,600 going uphill and downhill, which will add to
c 116.6 the total length of the tracks. Tall, steep hills
The longest edge is about 116.6 ft. will increase the speed of the roller coaster. So
46. c2 a2 b2 a coaster with a tall, steep first hill will have
c2 52 122 more speed and a longer track length.
c2 25 144 • The steepness of the hill and speed are limited
c2 169 for safety and to keep the cars on the track.
c
1169 51. C; Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find x.
c 13 c2 a2 b2
The missing length is 13 ft. 152 x2 (2x) 2
47. The garage roof is made up of two 30 by 15 225 x2 4x2
rectangles. The 15 ft dimension was obtained by 225 5x2
adding the 2 foot overhang to the 13 ft calculated 45 x2
in the previous problem. 145 x
A /w Find the area of the triangle with b 145 and
A 30 15
h 2145.
A 450 ft2 bh
The total area is 900 ft2. A 2
c2 ( 145) (2 145)
48. The area of the largest semicircle is 4 c2.
1a2 b22.
4 2

The sum of the other two areas is 4
( 145 ) ( 145 )
2 2 2 45 units2
Using the Pythagorean Theorem, c a b , we
can show that the sum of the two small areas is
equal to the area of the largest semicircle.
519 Chapter 11
26a4b7c5
126
13 21 a 21 b 21 c 2
4 7 5
52. B; Find the length of the side by using the 61.
a b c
Pythagorean Theorem. 13a2b4c3 2 4 3
d2 s2 s2 2(a42 )(b74 ) (c53 )

102 s2 s2 2a2b3c8
2 a2 b3 1
100 2s2 1 1
1
c8
50 s2 2a2b3

150 s c8
62. Let p air speed of the plane
Find the perimeter of the square with s 150.
and w wind speed.
p 4s
4150 Rate Time (hr) Distance (m)
2
4125 2 With pw 3
300
4(512) 3
Against pw 300
2012 cm 4
Write two equations based on the fact that the

product of the rate and the time is the distance.
(p w) 300
? 3
53. 1y 12 Check: 1144 12 3
(p w) 300
( 1y) 2 122 12 12 ✓ 4
y 144 Simplify each equation and solve the system.

54. 31s 126 Check:
?
311764 126 p w 450
? p w 400
1s 42 3(42) 126
2p 850
( 1s) 2 422 126 126 ✓
p 425 mph
s 1764
The air speed of the plane is 425 mph.
55. 412v 1 3 17
412v 1 20 63. 2(6 3) 2 (8 4) 2 232 42
12v 1 5 19 16
( 12v 1) 2 52 125
2v 1 25 5
2v 24 64. 2(10 4) 2 (13 5) 2 262 82
v 12 136 64
?
Check: 412(12) 1 3 17 1100
4 124 1 3 17
? 10
4125 3 17
? 65. 2(5 3) 2 (2 9) 2 222 (7) 2
?
20 3 17 14 49
17 17 ✓ 153
56. 172 136 2 66. 2(9 5) 2 (7 3) 2 2(14) 2 42
262 12 1196 16
612 1212
57. 71z 101z (7 10) 1z 14 53
3 1z 2153
3 13 67. 2(4 5) 2 (4 3) 2 2(9) 2 (7) 2
58. 3 121 121
7 17 181 49
13 17 121
17 1130
17 1
121 121 68. 2(20 5) 2 (2 6) 2 2152 (8) 2

7 1
1225 64
121 7 121
7
7
1289
(1 7) 121
17
7
8 121
7
58 11-5 The Distance Formula
59. 53
583
55 or 3125
60. d7 d7
1 Pages 612–613 Check for Understanding
1. The values that are subtracted are squared before
being added and the square of a negative number is
always positive. The sum of two positive numbers
is positive, so the distance will never be negative
Chapter 11 520
2. See students’ graph; the distance from A to B 10. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2

equals the distance from B to A. Using the
Distance Formula, the solution is the same no AB 2(5 (3) ) 2 (2 4) 2
matter which ordered pair is used first. 282 (2) 2
3. See students’ diagrams; there are exactly two 164 4
points that lie on the line y 3 that are 10 units 168
from the point (7, 5). BC 2(1 5) 2 (5 2) 2
4. d 2(x x )2 (y2 y1 )2 2(6) 2 (7) 2
2 1
2(11 5) [7 (1) ] 2
2 136 49
262 82 185
136 64 AC 2(1 (3) ) 2 (5 4) 2
1100 222 (9) 2
10 14 81
5. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2 185
2 1 2 1
Yes, BC AC.
2(2 3) 2 (5 7) 2
11. The quarterback is located at (40, 10). The top
2(5) 2 (12) 2
receiver is located at (20, 25). The bottom receiver
125 144 is located at (15, 5).
1169
Distance from quarterback to top receiver:
13
d 2(40 20) 2 (10 25) 2
6. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2 1 2 1 d 2202 (15) 2
2(5 2) 2 (1 2) 2 d 1400 225
232 (3) 2 d 1625
19 9 d 25 yd
118 Distance from quarterback to bottom receiver:
312 or about 4.24 d 2(40 15) 2 (10 5) 2
7. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2 d 2252 52
2 1 2 1
d 1625 25
2(6 (3)) 2 [ 4 (5) ] 2
d 1650
2(3) 2 (1) 2 d 125 26
19 1 d 5126 or 25.5 yd
110 or about 3.16
12. The receivers are located at (20, 25) and (15, 5).
8. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2 d 2(20 15) 2 (25 5) 2
10 2(a 3) 2 [7 (1) ] 2 d 252 202
10 2a2 6a 9 82 d 125 400
10 2a2 6a 9 64 d 1425
102 ( 2a2 6a 73 ) 2 d 125 17
100 a2 6a 73 d 5117 or 20.6 yd
0 a2 6a 27
0 (a 3)(a 9)
a30 or a 9 0 Pages 613–615 Practice and Apply
a 3 a9 13. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2 1 2 1
9. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2 2(8 12) 2 (3 3) 2
1145 2(1 10) 2 (6 a) 2 2(20) 2 02
1145 2(9) 2 36 12a a2 1400
( 1145) 2 ( 281 36 12a a2 ) 2 20
145 117 12a a2 14. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2 1 2 1
0 a2 12a 28
2(5 0) 2 (12 0) 2
0 (a 14)(a 2)
a 14 0 or a 2 0 252 122
a 14 or a2 125 144
1169
13
521 Chapter 11
15. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2 22. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
1 2
2 1 2 1
2(3 6) 2 (4 8) 2 2 1 2
3 (3 5) 44
3 (2) 2 1 4 2
2(3) 2 (4) 2 15 2
19 16
125 225
34
5 16
289
16. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2 3 16
2 1 2 1
17
2(4 (4)) 2 (17 2) 2 4
282 152 4.25
164 225
1289 23. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
3 12 5 2 3 12 (1) 4
17 4 2 2

3 15 2 112 2
17. d 2(x x )2 (y2 y1 )2 6 2 2
2 1

2(5 (3)) 2 (4 8) 2
36 1
282 (4) 2 3 25 4
164 16 169
3 100
180
13
116 5 10
415 1.30
8.94
24. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
18. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
127 37 2
2 2
2(3 9) 2 [ 6 (2) ] 2 3 (4 3)
2(6) 2 (4) 2
157 2
2 2
31
136 16
25
152 3 1 49
14 13 74
3 49
2113
7.21
174
7
2 2
19. d 2(x2 x1 ) (y2 y1 ) 1.23
2(3 (8)) 2 [ 8 (4) ] 2 25. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
252 (4) 2
2(615 415) 2 (1 7) 2
125 16
2(215) 2 (6) 2
141
120 36
6.40
156
20. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2 2114
2(10 2) 2 (4 7) 2 7.48
282 (11) 2 26. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
164 121
2(712 512) 2 (10 8) 2
1185
2(212) 2 (2) 2
13.60
18 4
21. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2 112
3 (6 4)
2
123 222 213
3.46
32
2
183 22 27. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2

64 5 2(a 4) 2 (3 7) 2
34 9
100
5 2a2 8a 16 (4) 2
3 9 5 2a2 8a 32
10
3
(5) 2 ( 2a2 8a 32 ) 2
3.33 25 a2 8a 32
0 a2 8a 7
0 (a 1)(a 7)
a 1 0 or a 7 0
a1 a7
Chapter 11 522
28. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2 AC 2(5 7) 2 [ 6 (4) ] 2

2 1 2 1
17 2(4 (4)) 2 (2 a) 2 2(2) 2 (2) 2
14 4
17 282 4 4a a2
18
17 268 4a a2
2 The triangle has two sides that are equal in
(17) 2 ( 268 4a a2 )
2 length—AB BC 10.
289 68 4a a
0 221 4a a2 34. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
0 a2 4a 221 AC 2[9 (2) ] 2 (8 2) 2
0 (a 17)(a 13) 2112 62
a 17 or a 13 1121 36
29. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2 1157
110 2(6 5) 2 (1 a) 2 BD 2(0 10) 2 (5 6) 2
110 212 1 2a a2 2(10) 2 (1) 2
( 110 ) 2 ( 21 1 2a a2 ) 2 1100 1
10 a2 2a 2 1101
0 a2 2a 8 1157 1101; The trapezoid is not isosceles.
0 (a 4)(a 2) 35. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
a 4 or a 2
PL 2(x (4) ) 2 [ 2 (3) ] 2
30. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
2x2 8x 16 1
129 2(7 a) 2 (3 5) 2 2x2 8x 17
129 249 14a a2 (2) 2
PM 2(x 2) 2 (2 5) 2
( 129 ) 2 ( 249 14a a2 4 ) 2
2x2 4x 4 (7) 2
29 a2 14a 53
2x2 4x 53
0 a2 14a 24
0 (a 2)(a 12) PL PM
a 2 or a 12 2x2 8x 17 2x2 4x 53
31. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2 ( 2x2 8x 17 ) 2 ( 2x2 4x 53 ) 2
x2 8x 17 x2 4x 53
1130 2(3 6) 2 [ a (3) ] 2 8x 17 4x 53
1130 2(9) 2 a2 6a 9 12x 36
( 1130 ) 2 ( 281 a2 6a 9 ) 2 x3
130 a2 6a 90 36. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
0 a2 6a 40
0 (a 10)(a 4) QR 2(3 1) 2 (1 7) 2
a 10 or a 4 222 (6) 2
14 36
32. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
140
1340 2(a 20) 2 (9 5) 2
ST 2(7 9) 2 (d 3) 2
1340 2a2 40a 400 42
2(2) 2 d2 6d 9
( 1340 ) 2 ( 2a2 40a 400 16 ) 2
2d2 6d 13
340 a2 40a 416
QR ST
0 a2 40a 76
0 (a 2)(a 38) 140 2d2 6d 13
a20 or a 38 0 ( 140) 2 ( 2d2 6d 13 ) 2
a2 a 38 40 d2 6d 13
33. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2 0 d2 6d 27
0 (d 9) (d 3)
AB 2(1 7) 2 [2 (4) ] 2 d 9 0 or d 3 0
2(8) 2 (6) 2 d9 d 3
164 36 The distance formula demonstrates that d 3
1100 does not make TQ 140. Therefore, d 9.
10
BC 2[5 (1) ] 2 (6 2) 2
2(6) 2 (8) 2
136 64
1100
10
523 Chapter 11
37. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2 43. Compare the slopes of the two potential legs to
2 1 2 1 determine whether the slopes are negative
2(254 132) 2 (105 428) 2 reciprocals of each other. You can also compute
2(122) 2 (323) 2 the lengths of the three sides and determine
114,884 104,329 whether the square of the longest side length is
1119,213 equal to the sum of the squares of the other two
345.27 units side lengths. Neither test holds true in this case
Since each unit is equal to 0.316 mile, the because the triangle is not a right triangle.
distance is 345.27(0.316) 109 mi. 44. You can determine the distance between two
points by forming a right triangle. Drawing a line
38. c2 a2 b2
138 2 114 18 2
through each point parallel to the axes forms the
2 2
c2 legs of the triangle. The hypotenuse of this triangle
c2 64 1 8 2
9 3 2
is the distance between the two points. You can
find the lengths of each leg by subtracting the
9
c2 64 64
9 corresponding x- and y-coordinates, then use the
Pythagorean Theorem. Answers should include
18
c2 64 the following.
18 • You can draw lines parallel to the axes
2c2 3 64 through the two points that will intersect at
c 0.53 mi another point forming a right triangle. The
39.
0.53
0.18 hr length of a leg of a triangle is the difference in
3
the x- or y-coordinates. The length of the
(0.18)(60) 10.6 minutes hypotenuse is the distance between the points.
Yes; it will take her about 10.6 minutes to walk Using the Pythagorean Theorem to solve for
between the two buildings. the hypotenuse, you have the Distance
40. Duluth, (44, 116); St. Cloud, (46, 39); Eau Claire, Formula.
(71, 8); Rochester, (27, 58) • The points are on a vertical line so you can
41. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2 calculate distance by determining the absolute
difference between the y-coordinates.
Minneapolis – St. Cloud:
45. B; d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2(46 (7)) 2 (39 3) 2 2 1 2 1
2(39) 2 (3) 2 2(2 6) 2 (4 11) 2

11521 1296 2(8) 2 (15) 2
12817 164 225
53 mi 1289
17 units
St. Paul – Rochester: 2(27 0) 2 (58 0) 2
2272 (58) 2 46. B; d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2 1 2 1
1729 3364 AB 2(3 3) 2 (4 7) 2
14093 2(6) 2 (3) 2
64 mi 136 9
Minneapolis – Eau Claire: 145
2(71 (7)) 2 (8 3) 2 P 4s
2(78) 2 (11) 2 4145
16084 121 419 5
16205 1215 units
79 mi
Duluth – St. Cloud:
2(46 44) 2 (39 116) 2
47. c2 a2 b2
2(90) 2 (77) 2
c2 72 242
18100 5929
c2 49 576
114,029
118 mi c2 625
42. all cities except Duluth 2c2 1625
c 25
The length of the hypotenuse is 25 units.
Chapter 11 524
48. c2 a2 b2 53. 25t2 29 2t 3

342 a2 302 ( 25t2 29 ) 2 (2t 3) 2
1156 a2 900 5t2 29 4t2 12t 9
256 a2 t2 12t 20 0
1256 2a2 (t 2)(t 10) 0

16 a t 2 0 or t 10 0
The length of the leg is 16 units. t2 t 10
49. c2 a2 b2 Check:
? ?
( 116 ) 2 ( 17 ) 2 b2 25(2) 2 29 2(2) 3 25(10) 2 29 2(10) 3
? ?
16 7 b2 120 29 4 3 1500 29 20 3
9 b2
? ?
149 7 1529 23
19 2b2 77✓ 23 23 ✓
3 b The solution set is {2, 10}.
The length of the leg is 3 units. 54. Asia, 1,113,000,000,000; Europe, 1,016,000,000,000;
50. c2 a2 b2 U.S./Canada, 884,000,000,000; Latin America,
c2 ( 113 ) 2 ( 150 ) 2 241,000,000,000; Middle East, 101,200,000,000;
c2 13 50 Africa, 56,100,000,000.
c2 63 55. Asia, 1.113 1012; Europe, 1.016 1012;
U.S./Canada, 8.84 1011; Latin America,
2c2 163
2.41 1011; Middle East, 1.012 1011; Africa,
c 163
5.61 1010.
c 19 7
56. $8.72 1011 or $872 billion
c 317
57. 8 m1
The length of the hypotenuse is 317 or about
9 m
{m 0m
9}
7.94 units.
51. 1p 2 8 p
1p 2 p 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
( 1p 2 ) 2 (p 8) 2
58. 3 7 10 k
p 2 p2 16p 64
7 7 k
0 p2 17p 66 {k 0k 6 7}
0 ( p 6) ( p 11)
p 6 0 or p 11 0
p6 p 11 ⫺8 ⫺7 ⫺6 ⫺5 ⫺4 ⫺3 ⫺2 ⫺1 0
? ? 59. 3x 2x 3
Check: 16 2 8 6 111 2 8 11
x 3
{x 0x 3}
? ?
14 8 6 19 8 11
? ?
286 3 8 11
10 6 ✕ 11 11 ✓ ⫺8 ⫺7 ⫺6 ⫺5 ⫺4 ⫺3 ⫺2 ⫺1 0
Since 6 does not satisfy the original equation, 60. v (4) 7 6
11 is the only solution. v4 7 6
52. 1r 5 r 1 v 7 2
( 1r 5) 2 (r 1) 2 {v 0v 7 2}
r 5 r2 2r 1
0 r2 3r 4 ⫺4 ⫺3 ⫺2 ⫺1 0 1 2 3 4
0 (r 4)(r 1) 61. r 5.2
3.9
r 4 0 or r 1 0 r
9.1
r4 r 1 {r 0r
9.1}
? ?
Check: 14 5 4 1 11 5 1 1
? ?
19 3 14 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
33✓ 2 2 ✕ 1 2
62. s 6
3
3
4 is the only solution. s 6
1
s
5s 0s 12 6
2
⫺4 ⫺3 ⫺2 ⫺1 0 1 2 3 4
525 Chapter 11
x 3 20 5 AB BC AB AC
63. 4
2 64. x
2
8. DE
EF 9. DE
DF
2x 4(3) 5x 2(20) c
7
5 10

15
6 6 e
2x 12 5x 40
7c 30 10e 90
x6 x 8
30
6 8 10 x c e9
65. 9
x
66. 12
18 7
AC BC AB BC
6x 9(8) 12x 10(18) DF
EF DE
EF
6x 72 12x 180 b

5 10

17
x 12 x 15 5 7 6 d
x 2 3 2 6 7b 25 10d 102
67. 7
7 68. 3
x 4 25 d 10.2
b
7(x 2) 3(7) 2(x 4) 3(6) 7
7x 14 21 2x 8 18 10. Let x the height of the school building.

10 25
7x 7 2x 10
26 x
x1 x5
10x 650
x 65 feet
The school building is 65 feet high.
11-6 Similar Triangles
Pages 618–619 Check for Understanding 11. Yes; the angle measures are equal.
1. If the measures of the angles of one triangle equal
12. No; the angle measures are not equal.
the measures of the corresponding angles of
another triangle, and the lengths of the sides are 13. No; the angle measures are not equal.
proportional, then the two triangles are similar. 14. Yes; the angle measures are equal.
2. Sample answer: ^ ABC ^DEF 15. No; the angle measures are not equal.
B 16. Yes; the angle measures are equal.
LM KM LM KM
17. OP
NP
18. OP
NP
9 24 30

/
A C E 6 8 16 o
6/ 72 24o 480
/ 12 o 20
KL LM KL LM
NO
OP NO
OP
D F m 9 15 24
4
6 p
16
corresponding angles corresponding sides
6m 36 24p 240
A and D AB and DE
m6 p 10
B and E BC and EF
KL LM KL KM
C and F AC and DF 19. NO
OP
20. NO
NP
11 K 12 13
3. Consuela; the arcs indicate which angles 6
5 p
7
correspond. The vertices of the triangles are 6K 55 13p 84
written in order to show the corresponding parts. 55 84
K p 13
4. No; the angle measures are not equal. 6
KL KM LM KM
5. Yes; the angle measures are equal.
NO
NP OP
NP
AB AC AB AC
6. DE
DF 7. DE
DF 11

/ 16

13
6 4 n 7
15 b 9 b
5
9 6
10 6/ 44 13n 112
5b 135 6b 90 /
44
n
112
6 13
b 27 b 15 22
3
AB BC AB BC
DE
EF DE
EF
15 a 9 18
5
7 6
d
5a 105 9d 108
a 21 d 12
Chapter 11 526
KL LM KL LM 33. Yes; all circles are similar because they have the
21. NO
OP
22. NO
OP
same shape.
1.25 K 7.5 10.5
2.5
6 5
n 34. 2:1; Let the first circle have radius r and the
2.5K 7.5 7.5n 52.5 larger have radius 2r. The circumference of the
K3 n7 first is 2r and the other has circumference
KL KM KL KM 2(2r) 4r.

NO NP NO NP
35. 4:1; The area of the first is r2 and the area of
1.25 4 7.5 15
2.5
o 5
o the other is (2r)2 4r2.
1.25o 10 7.5o 75 36. The size of an object on the film of a camera can
o8 o 10 be related to its actual size using similar triangles.
KL KM KL LM Answers should include the following.
23. NO
NP
24. NO
QP • Moving the lens closer to the object (and
m 4.4 5 12.6
2.7
3.3 2.5
n farther from the film) makes the object appear
3.3m 11.88 5n 31.5 larger.
m 3.6 n 6.3 • Taking a picture of a building; you would need
LM KM KL KM to be a great distance away to fit the entire
QP
NP NO
NP building in the picture.
K 4.4 5

/
2.1 3.3 2.5 8.1 37. D; We do not have enough information to
3.3K 9.24 2.5/ 40.5 determine if the triangles are similar.
K 2.8 / 16.2 38. A; AB AC and AC DC. Therefore, AB DC.
25. Always; if the measures of the sides form equal
ratios, the triangles are similar, and the measures
of their corresponding angles are equal. Page 621 Maintain Your Skills
26. Let x the distance the man is from the camera. 39. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2 1 2 1
x 2
3
1.5 2(2 1) 2 (4 8) 2
1.5x 6 2(3) 2 (4) 2
x4m 19 16
27. Let x height on the model. 125
1
40
x 5
12
12x 40 40. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2 1 2 1
1
x 33 in. 2(12 6) 2 [ 5 (3) ] 2
28. Let x distance from pocket B. 2(6) 2 (8) 2
84
42
28 136 64
x (10 x)
84 28
1100
x
32 x 10
28x 2688 84x 41. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
112x 2688 2 1 2 1
x 24 in. 2(3 4) 2 (12 7) 2

29. 2(1) 2 (5) 2
11 25
126
4 5.1
42. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2 1 2 1
2(6 1) 2 (716 516) 2
4
252 (216) 2
8 pieces 125 24
30. twice as big; 4 by 4 by 5 in. 149
7
31. Let x height of the building.
x 80 43. Yes; 252 602 652.

6 9 44. No; 202 252 352.
9x 480
45. Yes; 492 1682 1752.
1
x 533 46. No; 72 92 122.
The building is about 53 feet. 47. 3x2 7x 1
32. Viho’s eyes are 6 feet off the ground, Viho and the
48. 5x3 2x2 4x 7
building each create right angles with the ground,
and the two angles with the ground at P have 49. 3x2 6x 3
equal measure. 50. x7 abx2 bcx 34
527 Chapter 11
51. 2x y 4 58.
a b

6 5
59.
ac

6(1.5)
c 1.5 b 5
() x y 5 1 9
3x 9 1.5 5
x3
2
3 or 0.6
9
or 1.8
5
Substitute 3 for x into either equation. b 5 c 1.5
3y5 60. a c
6 (1.5)
61. a c
6 (1.5)
y 2 5 1.5
4.5 4.5
y 2 10 1
or 1.1 3 or 0.3
52. 3x 2y 13 2 6x 4y 26

() 2x 5y 5 3 () 6x 15y 15
11y 11 Page 621 Practice Quiz 2
y 1 1. c2 a2
b2
Substitute 1 for y into either equation. c 14 482
2 2
3x 2(1) 13 c2 196 2304

3x 2 13 c2 2500
3x 15 2c2 12500
x 5 c 50
The solution is (5, 1). The length of the hypotenuse is 50 units.
53. 0.6m 0.2n 0.9 2. c2 a2 b2
0.3m 0.45 0.1n 412 402 b2
0.6m 0.2n 0.9 0.6m 0.2n 0.9 1681 1600 b2
() 0.3m 0.1n 0.45 2 () 0.6m 0.2n 0.9 81 b2
1.2m 1.8 181 2b2
m 1.5 9 b
Substitute 1.5 for m into either equation. The length of the leg is 9 units.
0.6(1.5) 0.2n 0.9
3. c2 a2 b2
0.9 0.2n 0.9
( 184 ) 2 a2 82
0.2n 0
n0 84 a2 64
20 a2
The solution is (1.5, 0).
1 1 1 1 1
120 2a2
54. 3
x 2y 8 2 6
x 4y 4 215 a
1 1 1 1
() 2
x 4y 0 () 2
x 4y 0 The length of the leg is 215 or about 4.47 units.
4
x 4 4. c2 a2 b2
6
c2 ( 15 ) 2 ( 18 ) 2
x6
c2 5 8
Substitute 6 for x into either equation.
c2 13
1 1
3
(6) 2y 8 2c2 113
1
2 2y 8 c 113
1
The length of the leg is 113 or about 3.61 units.
y 6
2 5. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2 1 2 1
y 12
The solution is (6, 12). 2(3 6) 2 (3 (12)) 2
55. The plane has a vertical decent of 32,500 ft and a 2(9) 2 (15) 2
horizontal gain of 140 mi giving a slope of 181 225
32,500 ft 1306
m 140 mi 17.49
232 ft/mi.
6. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
Alternatively, since there are 5280 ft per mile,
there is a horizontal gain of 2(5 1) 2 (11 3) 2
(140) (5280) 739,200 ft. 2(6) 2 (8) 2
32,500 ft 136 64
Therefore m 739,200 ft 1100
0.044 10
a 6 b 5
56. c
1.5
57. a 6
or 0.83
4
Chapter 11 528
7. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2 Pages 627–628 Check for Understanding

2 1 2 1
1. If you know the measure of the hypotenuse, use
2(4 2) 2 (7 5) 2 sine or cosine, depending on whether you know
2(2) 2 (2) 2 the measure of the adjacent side or the opposite
14 4 side. If you know the measures of the two legs,
18 use tangent.
212 2. Sample answer: A 180 (90 50) or 40
2.83 AC BC
sin 50 10
cos 50 10
8. d 2(x x )2 (y2 y1 )2
2 1 AC 7.66 BC 6.43
2(5 (2)) 2 [ 4 (9) ] 2 A
2(3) 2 (13) 2
19 169
10
1178
13.34
BC CA BC BA
9. EF
FD 10. EF
ED 50˚
a 10 12 9
C B
2
1 8
f 3. They are equal.
a 20 12f 72
f6 4. sin Y opposite leg
hypotenuse
cos Y
adjacent leg
hypotenuse
tan Y
opposite leg
adjacent leg
36 27 36
BA
FD
CA BC
FD
CA 45
45
27
ED EF
c 10 12 b 0.8 0.6 1.3333
1.5
1 8
12
5. sin Y opposite leg
hypotenuse
cos Y
adjacent leg
hypotenuse
tan Y
opposite leg
adjacent leg
c 15 8b 144
10 24 10
b 18 26
26
24
0.3846 0.9231 0.4167
Page 622 Algebra Activity 6. KEYSTROKES: SIN 60 ENTER .8660254038

(Preview of Lesson 11-7) sin 60º 0.8660
Steps 1–4. Sample answers are given in the table. 7. KEYSTROKES: COS 75 ENTER .2588190451
Side Lengths Ratios Angle Measures cos 75º 0.2588
8. KEYSTROKES: TAN 10 ENTER .1763269807
side side side angle angle angle
BC AC AB
BC:AC BC:AB
A B C tan 10º 0.1763
3.5 5 6.1 0.7 0.574 35º 55º 90º 9. sin W 0.9848
1
7 10 12.2 0.7 0.574 35º 55º 90º KEYSTROKES: 2nd [SIN ] .9848 ENTER
14 20 24.4 0.7 0.574 35º 55º 90º 79.99744219 sin W 80º
28 40 48.8 0.7 0.574 35º 55º 90º 10. cos X 0.6157
1
35 50 61 0.7 0.574 35º 55º 90º KEYSTROKES: 2nd [COS ] .6157 ENTER
42 60 73.2 0.7 0.574 35º 55º 90º 51.99719884 cos X 52º
11. tan C 0.3249
1. All ratios and angle measures are the same for
1
any 7:10 right triangle. KEYSTROKES: 2nd [TAN ] .3249 ENTER
2. 7:10 3. 55º 17.99897925 tan C 18º

12. Let A the angle to find.
opposite leg 7
sin A hypotenuse
13
11-7 Trigonometric Ratios KEYSTROKES: 2nd [SIN1] 7 ⫼ 13 ENTER
32.57897039 sin A 33º
Page 626 Algebra Activity 13. Let A the angle to find.
1. See students’ work. opposite leg 6
tan A adjacent leg 15
2. The angle measured by the hypsometer is not the
angle of elevation. It is the other acute angle KEYSTROKES:2nd [TAN1] 6 ⫼ 15 ENTER
formed in the triangle. So, to find the measure of 21.80140949 tan A 22º
the angle of elevation, subtract the reading on the 14. Let A the angle to find.
hypsometer from 90 since the sum of the adjacent leg 9.3
cos A hypotenuse
9.7
measures of the two acute angles in a right
KEYSTROKES: 2nd [COS ] 9.3 ⫼ 9.7 ENTER
triangle is 90°. 1
3. See students’ work. 16.5114644 cos A 17º
529 Chapter 11
15. Find the measures of A, AC, and BC. 18. Draw a diagram.
40 40 ft
Find the measure of A. percent grade 1000
A
The sum of the measures of the angles in a 0.04 1000 ft
triangle is 180. 4%
180 90 30 60 To find the angle of elevation, note that the 40 ft
A 60 vertical rise is opposite the angle and the 1000 ft
Find the measure of AC, which is the side opposite horizontal change is adjacent the angle. This
B. Use the sine ratio. suggests we use tangent.
AC opposite leg
sin 30 42
tan A adjacent leg
AC 40
0.50 42
tan A 1000
21 AC Use a calculator.
AC 21 in. KEYSTROKES: 2nd [TAN ] 40 ⫼ 1000 ENTER
1
Find the measure of BC, which is the side adjacent 2.290610043
B. Use the cosine ratio. A 2.3
BC
cos 30 42
BC
0.8660 42 Pages 628–630 Practice and Apply
36.4 BC or 36.4 in. opposite leg adjacent leg opposite leg
19. sin R hypotenuse
cos R hypotenuse
tan R adjacent leg
BC 36.4 in.
6 8 6

16. Find the measures of A, AC, and AB. 10 10 8
0.6 0.8 0.75
Find the measure of A.
180 90 35 55 20. sin R opposite leg
hypotenuse
cos R
adjacent leg
hypotenuse
tan R
opposite leg
adjacent leg
A 55
12

35

12
37 37 35
Find the measure of AC, which is the side opposite 0.3243 0.9459 0.3429
B. 21. sin R opposite leg
cos R
adjacent leg
tan R
opposite leg
hypotenuse hypotenuse adjacent leg
AC
tan 35 21 20 21
18 29
29
20
AC
0.7002 18 0.7241 0.6897 1.05
12.6 AC 22. sin R opposite leg
hypotenuse
cos R
adjacent leg
hypotenuse
tan R
opposite leg
adjacent leg
AC 12.6 m
16

30

16
34 34 30
Find the measure of AB, which is the hypotenuse. 0.4706 0.8824 0.5333
18
cos 35 AB 23. sin R opposite leg
hypotenuse
cos R
adjacent leg
hypotenuse
tan R
opposite leg
adjacent leg
18
0.8192 AB
7
1170

11
1170

7
11
21.97 AB 0.5369 0.8437 0.6364

AB 22 m 24. sin R opposite leg
hypotenuse
cos R
adjacent leg
hypotenuse
tan R
opposite leg
adjacent leg
17. Find the measures of B, AB, and BC. 18 4 110 18
4 110
Find the measure of B. 22 22
0.8182 0.5750 1.4230
180 90 55 35
25. sin 30 0.5 26. sin 80 0.9848
A 35
27. cos 45 0.7071 28. cos 48 0.6691
Find the measure of AB, which is the hypotenuse.
4 29. tan 32 0.6249 30. tan 15 0.2679
cos 55 AB
31. tan 67 2.3559 32. sin 53 0.7986
4
0.5736 AB 33. cos 12 0.9781
6.973 AB 34. cos V 0.5000 35. cos Q 0.7658
AB 7.0 in. V cos1 0.5000 Q cos1 0.7658
Find the measure of BC, which is the side opposite 60 40
A. 36. sin K 0.9781 37. sin A 0.8827
tan 55
BC K sin1 0.9781 A sin1 0.8827
4
78 62
BC
1.4281 4 38. tan S 1.2401 39. tan H 0.6473
5.71 BC S tan1 1.2401 H tan1 0.6473
BC 5.7 in. 51 33
40. sin V 0.3832 41. cos M 0.9793
V sin1 0.3832 M cos1 0.9793
23 12
Chapter 11 530
42. tan L 3.6541 Now find the measure of C.

L tan1 3.6541 cos C
adjacent leg
hypotenuse
75
16
43. Let A the angle that we need to find. cos C
1 2
45
cos1 45
16
sin A
opposite leg
C
hypotenuse
sin A
10 69
1 2
16
Now the measure of A is the difference between
sin1 16
10
A the measures of C and B.
39 69 62 7
44. Let A the angle that we need to find. The measure of A is 7.
opposite leg
tan A adjacent leg 51. Let A the angle that we need to find. We can
2 use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the length
tan A 14
1142 2
of the lower leg of the smaller right triangle.
A tan1 a2 b2 c2
a2 242 252
8
a2 576 625
45. Let A the angle that we need to find.
adjacent leg
a2 49
cos A hypotenuse a 149
cos A
10 a7
1 2
16
Now the length of the lower leg of the larger right
cos1 16
10
A triangle is 23 7 or 16 units. Now find the
51 measure of A.
46. Let A the angle that we need to find. opposite leg
tan A adjacent leg
opposite leg
sin A hypotenuse tan A 16
24
12416 2
21
sin A
A tan1
1 2
25
sin1 25
21
A 56
57 The measure of A is 56.
47. Let A the angle that we need to find. 52. 180 90 45 45
cos A
adjacent leg The measure of A is 45.
hypotenuse
b
cos A
17 tan 45 8
1 2
21
b
A cos1 21
17 18
36 8b
8
48. Let A angle that we need to find. cos 45 c
opposite leg 8
tan A adjacent leg 0.7071 c
tan A
5 0.7071c 8
158 2
8
c 11.3 ft
A tan1 53. 180 90 27 63
49. Let A the angle that we need to find. sin 27 20
b
opposite leg
sin A b
hypotenuse 0.4540 20
9
sin A
1 2
15 9.1 in b
sin1 15
9
A cos 27 20
a
37 0.8910 20
a
50. Let A the angle that we need to find, B the

17.8 in a
upper angle in the smaller right triangle, and
C the upper angle in the larger right triangle.
First find the measure of B.
opposite leg
tan B adjacent leg
30
tan B 16
B tan1 13016 2
62
531 Chapter 11
54. 180 90 21 69 58. c2 a2 b2

The measure of B is 69. c2 62 82
cos 21
13 c2 36 64
c
13 c2 100
0.9336 c
2c2 1100
0.9336c 13 c 10
c 13.9
AB is 10 ft long.
AB is about 13.9 cm long. 8
tan A 6
186 2
a
tan 21 13
A tan1
5.0 a
CB is about 5.0 cm long. 53
55. 180 90 40 50 The measure of A is 53.
The measure of B is 50. 180 90 53 37
a The measure of B is 37.
sin 40 16
59. c2 a2 b2
a
0.6428 16 c2 122 52
10.3 a c2 144 25
BC is about 10.3 ft long. c2 169
cos 40 16
b 2c2 1169
b
c 13
0.7660 16
AB is 13 ft long.
12.3 b 5
tan A 12
1125 2
AC is about 12.3 ft long.
56. 180 90 20 70 A tan1
The measure of A is 70. 23
tan 20
b The measure of A is 23.
9
b
180 90 23 67
0.3640 9 The measure of B is 67.
33 b 60. c2 a2 b2
AC is about 3.3 m long. 62 32 b2
9
cos 20 c
36 9 b2
9 27 b2
0.9397 c
127 2b2
0.9397c 9 5.2 b
c 9.6
AC is about 5.2 cm long.
AB is about 9.6 m long. 3
sin A 6
136 2
57. 180 90 38 52
The measure of B is 52. A sin1
24
tan 38 b
30
0.7813
b
180 90 30 60
0.7813b 24
b 30.7 The measure of B is 60.
626
61. sin A 4420
14420 2
AC is about 30.7 in. long.
A sin1
24 626
sin 38 c
0.6157
24 8.1
c
0.6157c 24 62. c2 a2 b2
c 39 (4420) 2 a2 (626) 2
AB is about 39 in. long. 19,536,400 a2 391,876
19,144,524 a2
119,144,524 2a2
4375 a
The submarine traveled a horizontal distance of
about 4375 m.
Chapter 11 532
3000
63. tan A 8000 Page 630 Maintain Your Skills
13000
8000 2
LM KL KL KM
A tan1 70. OP
NO
71. NO
NP
5 6 3 9
20.6 10
p 4.5
o
64. c2 a2 b2 5p 60 3o 40.5
c2 80002 30002 p 12 o 13.5
c2 64,000,000 9,000,000 LM

KM KL

LM
OP NP NO OP
c2 73,000,000 5 3 3 k

2c2 173,000,000 10 o 4.5 12
c 8544 5o 30 4.5k 36
The distance is 8544 ft. o6 k8
65. sin 5 8
x 72. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
0.0872 8
x 39 2(a 9) 2 (8 28) 2
0.7 x 39 2a2 18a 81 (36) 2
x 39 2a2 18a 81 1296
sin 20 8
(39) 2 ( 2a2 18a 1377) 2
x
0.3420 8 1521 a2 18a 1377
2.74 x 0 a2 18a 144
from about 0.7 m to about 2.74 m 0 (a 24)(a 6)
a b a 24 0 or a 6 0
66. Let sin A c and let cos A c , where a and b are
a 24 a 6
legs of a right triangle and c is the hypotenuse.
a2 b2 a2 b2 73. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
Then sin2A cos2 A c2
c2
c2
. Since the
Pythagorean Theorem states that a2 b2 c2, the 165 2(10 3) 2 (1 a) 2
c2 165 272 1 2a a2
expression becomes c2 or 1. Thus sin2A cos2A 1.
67. If you know the distance between two points and ( 165 ) 2 ( 250 2a a2 ) 2
the angles from these two points to a third point, 65 a2 2a 50
you can determine the distance to the third point 0 a2 2a 15
by forming a triangle and using trigonometric 0 (a 5) (a 3)
ratios. Answers should include the following. a 5 a 3
• If you measure your distance from the 74. c2 (c2 3c) c4 3c3
mountain and the angle of elevation to the 75. s(4s2 9s 12) 4s3 9s2 12s
peak of the mountain from two different
76. xy2 (2x2 5xy 7y2 ) 2x3y2 5x2y3 7xy4
points, you can write an equation using
trigonometric ratios to determine its height, 77. a 3b 2
similar to Example 5. 4a 7b 23
• You need to know the altitude of the two Substitute 3b 2 for a in the other equation.
points you are measuring. 4(3b 2) 7b 23
68. A; Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find RT. 12b 8 7b 23
5b 8 23
c2 a2 b2
5b 15
42 a2 22 b3
16 a2 4
Substitute 3 for b into either equation.
12 a2
a 3(3) 2
112 2a2 92
213 a 11
RT is 213 units so TS is 213 units. Checking values in both equations confirms the
Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find RS. solution is (11, 3).
c2 (213 ) 2 (213 ) 2
c2 12 12
c2 24
2c2 124
c 216
RS is 216 units.
2
69. D; cos Q 4
Q cos1 124 2
60
533 Chapter 11
78. p q 10 3a. Sample answer: dome, domestic, domicile

3p 2q 5 3b. Sample answer: eradicate, radicand, radius
Solve the first equation for p. 3c. Sample answer: simile, similarity, similitude
p 10 q
Substitute 10 q for p into the other equation.
3(10 q) 2q 5 Chapter 11 Study Guide and Review
30 3q 2q 5
30 5q 5 Page 632 Vocabulary and Concept Check
5q 35 1. false, 3 17 2. true
q7
3. true 4. true
Substitute 7 for q into either equation.
5. false, 3x 19 x2 6x 9
p 10 7 x 12xy
3 6. true 7. false, y
Checking values in both equations confirms the 8. true

solution is (3, 7).
79. 3r 6s 0
4r 10s 2 Pages 632–636 Lesson-by-Lesson Review
Solve the first equation for r. 60 160
9. 3 y2
1y2
3r 6s 0
14 115
3r 6s 0y 0
r 2s 2 115
0y 0
Substitute 2s for r into the other equation.
4(2s) 10s 2 10. 244a2b5 24 11 a2 b4 b
8s 10s 2 14 111 2a2 2b4 1b
2s 2 2 111 0a 0 b2 1b
2 0a 0b2 111b
s1
Substitute 1 for s into either equation.
11. (3 2112 ) 2 32 2(3) (2112 ) (2112 ) 2
r 2(1)
9 12112 48
2
57 12(213 )
Checking values in both equations confirms the
57 2413
solution is (2, 1).
9 9 3 12
12. 3 12
3 12
3 12
9(3 12)
9 2
27 9 12
1a. Sample answer: A circumstance that brings 7
about a result; any of two or more quantities
2 17 2 17 3 15 5 13
that form a product when multiplied together; 13. 3 15 5 13
3 15 5 13 3 15 5 13
the quantities bring about a result, a product. 2 17(3 15 5 13)
45 75
1b. Sample answer: The legs of an animal support
2 17(3 15 5 13)
the animal; one of the two shorter sides of a 30
right triangle; the legs of a triangle support the
17(3 15 5 13)
hypotenuse. 15
1c. Sample answer: To devise rational explanations 5 121 3 135
15
for one’s acts without being aware that these are
not the real motives; to remove the radical signs 23a3b4 3 a3 b4
14. 3 8 a b10
from an expression without changing its value; 28ab10
to justify an action without changing its intent. 3a2
3 8b6
2a. Sample answer: Rank as determined by the sum 13 2a2
of a term’s exponents; the degree of x2y2 is 4. 18 2b6
1
th of a circle; a semicircle measures 180. 0 a 0 13
360 2 0 b3 0 12
2b. Sample answer: The difference between the
0 a 0 13 12
greatest and least values in a set of data; the 2 0 b3 0 12 12
range of 2, 3, 6 is 6 2 or 4. The set of all 0 a 0 16
y-values in a function; the range of {(2, 6), (1, 3)} 4 0 b3 0
is {6, 3}. 15. 213 815 315 313
2c. Sample answer: Circular or spherical; circles are (2 3) 13 (8 3) 15
round. To abbreviate a number by replacing its 513 515
ending digits with zeros; 235,611 rounded to the
16. 216 148 216 116 3
nearest hundred is 235,600.
216 413
Chapter 11 534
17. 4127 6148 4(313) 6(413) 29. 1x 4 x 8

1213 2413 ( 1x 4 ) 2 (x 8) 2
3613 x 4 x2 16x 64
18. 417k 717k 217k (4 7 2) 17k 0 x2 17x 60
17k 0 (x 5) (x 12)
19. 5118 31112 3198 x 5 0 or x 12 0
x5 x 12
5(312 ) 3(417 ) 3(712) ? ?
1512 1217 2112 Check: 15 4 5 8 112 4 12 8
? ?
(15 21) 12 1217 19 3 116 4
6 12 1217 3 3 ✕ 44✓
1 1 Since 5 does not satisfy the original equation, 12 is
20. 18 3 8 212 2 12 the only solution.
2 12 12 30. 13x 14 x 6
1
4
13x 14 6 x
8 12 12
4
4 ( 13x 14 ) 2 (6 x) 2
9 12 3x 14 36 12x x2
4
0 x2 15x 50
21. 12(3 313 ) 312 (313 )( 12 ) 0 (x 5) (x 10)
312 316 x 5 0 or x 10 0
22. 15(215 17 ) (215 )( 15 ) ( 17 )( 15 ) x5 x 10
10 135 Check:
? ?
23. ( 13 12 ) (212 13 ) 13(5) 14 5 6 13(10) 14 10 6
( 13) (212) ( 13) ( 13) 12(212) 12( 13) ? ?
11 5 6 116 10 6
2 16 3 4 16 ? ?
156 4 10 6
1 16
66✓ 14 6 ✕
24. (6 15 2) (3 12 15 )
Since 10 does not satisfy the original equation, 5 is
(6 15) (3 12) (6 15) ( 15) 2 (3 12) 2 15
the only solution.
18 110 30 6 12 2 15
? 31. c2 a2 b2
25. 10 21b 0 Check: 10 2125 0 c2 302 162
?
21b 10 10 2(5) 0 c2 900 256
?
1b 5 10 10 0 c2 1156
( 1b ) 2 (5) 2 20 0 ✕ 2c2 11156
b 25 c 34
No solution The hypotenuse is 34.
26. 1a 4 6 Check: 132 4 6
?
32. c2 a2 b2
( 1a 4 ) 2 62
?
136 6 c2 62 102
a 4 36 66✓ c2 36 100
a 32 c2 136
37 1 7 2 1 5
26 ? 2c2 1136
27. 17x 1 5 Check:
2 2 c 11.66
( 17x 1 ) (5) 126 1 5
?
The hypotenuse is 11.66.
7x 1 25 ?
125 5 33. c2 a2 b2
7x 26 55✓
26
152 102 b2
x 7 225 100 b2
4a 4(3) ? 115 b2
28. 33 20 Check: 3 20
3
1115 2b2
4a ?
33 2 14 2 0 10.72 b
1 3 4a3 22 22
?
220 The length of the leg is 10.72.
34. c2 a2 b2
00✓
4a
4 562 a2 42
3
a3 3136 a2 16
3120 a2
13120 2a2
55.86 a
The length of the leg is 55.86.
535 Chapter 11
35. c2 a2 b2 46. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2

2 1 2 1
302 182 b2
2[5 (2) ] 2 (11 6) 2
900 324 b2
272 52
576 b2
149 25
1576 2b2
174
24 b
8.60
The length of the leg is 24.
47. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
36. c2 a2 b2
c2 (1.2) 2 (1.6) 2 5 2 [1 (3) ] 2 (a 2) 2
c2 1.44 2.56 5 242 a2 4a 4
c2 4 5 2a2 4a 20
2c2 14 52 ( 2a2 4a 20 ) 2
c 2 25 a2 4a 20
The length of the hypotenuse is 2. 0 a2 4a 5
37. no; 92 162 202 0 (a 5)(a 1)
a 5 0 or a 1 0
38. yes; 202 212 292
a5 a 1
39. yes; 92 402 412
48. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
40. no; 182 ( 124 ) 2 302
5 2(4 1) 2 (a 1) 2
41. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2 1 2 1 5 232 a2 2a 1
2(1 9) 2 [ 13 (2) ] 2 (5) 2 ( 2a2 2a 10 ) 2
2(8) 2 (15) 2 25 a2 2a 10
164 225 0 a2 2a 15
1289 0 (a 5)(a 3)
17 a 5 0 or a 3 0
42. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2 a5 a 3
2 1 2 1
49. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
2(7 4) 2 (9 2) 2
232 72 1145 2(5 6) 2 [ a (2) ] 2
19 49 1145 2(1) 2 a2 8a 4
158 ( 1145 ) 2 ( 2a2 8a 5 ) 2
7.62 145 a2 8a 5
43. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2 0 a2 8a 140
0 (a 14)(a 10)
2(2 4) 2 [7 (6) ] 2 a 14 0 or a 10 0
2(6) 2 (13) 2 a 14 a 10
136 169
50. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
1205
14.32 1170 2(a 5) 2 [ 3 (2) ] 2
44. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2 1170 2a2 10a 25 1
( 1170) 2 ( 2a2 10a 26 ) 2
2(415 2 15) 2 (3 9) 2
170 a2 10a 26
2(215) 2 (6) 2 0 a2 10a 144
120 36 0 (a 18)(a 8)
156 a 18 0 or a 8 0
2114 a 18 a 8
7.48 AB AC AB AC
51. DF 52. DF
45. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2 DE DE
2 1 2 1 16 12 10 6

2(7 4) 2 (12 8) 2 9 e 12 e
16e 108 10e 72
2(11) 2 (4) 2
27
1121 16 e 4
e 7.2
1137 AB BC AB BC
EF EF
11.70 DE DE
16 10 10 8
9
d 12
d
16d 90 10d 96
45
d 8
d 9.6
Chapter 11 536
AB AC AB AC ?
53. DE
DF 54. DE
DF 10. 110x 20 Check: 110(40) 20
?
12 b
11
15

20 ( 110x ) 2 202 1400 20
9 6 e
10x 400 20 20 ✓
9b 132 15e 120 x 40
44
b e8 ?
3 11. 14s 1 11 Check: 14(25) 1 11
AB BC AB BC ?
DE
EF DE
EF 14s 10 1100 1 11
?
12
d
8 15

a ( 14s ) 2 102 10 1 11
9 6 7
4s 100 11 11 ✓
12d 72 6a 105
s 25
d6 a 17.5 ?
28 28 12. 14x 1 5 Check: 14(6) 1 5
55. cos B 56. tan A ?
53 45 ( 14x 1 ) 2 52 124 1 5
0.5283 0.6222 4x 1 25
?
125 5
57. sin B
45
58. cos A 53
45 4x 24 55✓
53
x6
0.8491 0.8491
13. x 16x 8
45 28
59. tan B 28
60. sin A 53 x2 ( 16x 8 ) 2
1.6071 0.5283 x2 6x 8
2
61. tan M 0.8043 62. sin I 0.1212 x 6x 8 0
M tan1 (0.8043) I sin1 (0.1212) (x 2)(x 4) 0
39 7 x20 or x 4 0
x 2 x 4
63. cos B 0.9781 64. cos F 0.7443
?
B cos1 (0.9781) F cos1 (0.7443) Check: 2 26(2) 8 4 26(4) 8
12 42 2 24
?
4 216
65. sin A 0.4540 66. tan Q 5.9080 2 2 ✕
?
4 4 ✕
A sin1 (0.4540) Q tan1 (5.9080) No solution
27 80
14. x 15x 14
x2 ( 15x 14 ) 2
x2 5x 14
Chapter 11 Practice Test x2 5x 14 0
(x 7)(x 2) 0
Page 637 x 7 0 or x 2 0
1. b; sine x7 x 2
2. a; cosine ? ?
Check: 7 15(7) 14 2 15(2) 14
3. c; tangent ? ?
7 135 14 2 110 14
4. 2127 163 413 2(313 ) 317 413 ? ?
613 317 413 7 149 2 14
213 317 77✓ 2 2 ✕
Since 2 does not satisfy the original equation, 7 is
2 12
5. 16 3 3 16 13 the only solution.
12 13 15. 14x 3 6 x
16 13
13
( 14x 3 ) 2 (6 x) 2
16 16
1
3 4x 3 36 12x x2

3 16

16 0 x2 16x 39
3 3
0 (x 3) (x 13)
4 16
3
x 3 0 or x 13 0
x 3 or x 13
6. 2112x4y6 216 7 x4 y6 ? ?
4 17 x2 |y3| Check: 14(3) 3 6 3 14(13) 3 6 (13)
? ?
112 3 3 152 3 19
4x2|y3|17 ?
19 3 155 19 ✕
10 4 40
7. 3 3
3 30 3 90
33✓
4
39 3 is the only solution.
2
3
8. 16(4 112 ) 416 172
416 612
9. (1 13 )(3 12 ) 3 12 313 16
537 Chapter 11
16. c2 a2 b2 24.
AB
JH
AC
JK
c2 82 102 6.5 7.5

c2 64 100 h 5
c2 164 7.5h 32.5

h 4.3
2c2 1164
BC AC
c 1164 KH
JH
12.81 4.5 7.5
j
5
The hypotenuse is about 12.81 units.
7.5j 22.5
17. c2 a2 b2
j3
122 (612 ) 2 b2 AB BC
144 72 b2 25. JK
KH
72 b2 1
42 3
172 2b2 1
j
12
172 b
1 1
8.49 b 42 j 42
The length of the leg is about 8.49. j1
18. c2 a2 b2 AB AC
JH
172 a2 132 JK
1
289 a2 169 42 b

120 a2 12
1
24
1
1120 2a2 1 1
12 b 108
1120 a
3
10.95 a b64
The length of the leg is about 10.95. 26. c2 a2 b2
19. d 2(x2 x1 )2 (y2 y1 )2 292 a2 212
841 a2 441
2(4 4) 2
(2 7) 2
400 a2
20 (9) 2
2
1400 2a2
181
20 a
9
20
tan A 21
12021 2
20. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
A tan1
2(1 (1)) 2 (5 1) 2
222 (6) 2 A 44
14 36 B 180 90 44 46
140 27. c2 a2 b2
2110 c2 212 152
6.32 c2 441 225
c2 666
21. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
2c2 1666
2 [21 (9) ] 2 (7 2) 2 c 25.8
2302 52 tan A 21
15
11521 2
1900 25
1925 A tan1
5137 A 36
30.41 B 180 90 36 54
22.
AB BC
KH 23.
AB
KH
BC 28. A 180 90 42 48
JK JK
b
20 a 12 6 sin 42 10
15
12 10
j
15a 240 12j 60 6.7 b
a
a 16 j5 cos 42 10
AB AC
JH
AB
JH
AC 7.4 a
JK JK
20 b 12 13 29. c a2 b2
2
16
15 10 k c2 92 122
15b 320 12k 130 c2 81 144
b
64
k
65
c2 225
3 6
2c2 1225
c 15 miles
Chapter 11 538
30. B; A /w 1 3
10. 2y 2x 4 0
16 (2132 316 ) A
2 1192 3(6) m B
3
2(813 ) 18 2
1613 18 units2 1
2
3
Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice m 3 since slopes of parallel lines are equal.
11. y
Pages 638–639
1. D; y 2x 1 O
2. C; /w6 x
2/ 2w 92
3. C; Let x cost of highway resurfacing project
y cost of bridge repair project
x y 2,500,000
y 2x 200,000 12. Let x first integer
x 2x 200,000 2,500,000 y second integer
3x 2,700,000
x y 66
x $900,000
1
4. C; 32,800,000 3.28 107 y 18 2x
n7 1
Substitute 18 2x for y into the other equation.
2
5. A; x 7x 18 0 1
x 18 2x 66
(x 2)(x 9) 0
1
x 2 0 or x 9 0 12x 48
x2 x 9
x 32
6. B; g t2 t Substitute 32 for x into either equation.
132 t2 t 32 y 66
0 t2 t 132 y 34
0 (t 12)(t 11) The two integers are 32 and 34.
t 12 0 or t 11 0
t 12 t 11 13. h(t) 16t2 v t h
0 0
12 teams are in the league. When the ball hits the ground h(t) 0.
7. B; c2 a2 b2 0 16t2 60t 100
Let x length of shorter leg 0 4t2 15t 25
x 4 length of longer leg 0 (4t 5) (t 5)
4t 5 0 or t 5 0
202 x2 (x 4) 2
4t 5
400 x2 x2 8x 16 5
0 2x2 8x 384 t 4 t5
0 2(x2 4x 192) It will take the ball 5 seconds.
0 2(x 16)(x 12) 14. x2 8x 6 0
x 16 0 or x 12 0 b 2b2 4ac
x 16 x 12 x 2a
The shorter leg is 12 in. 8 2(8) 2 4(1) (6)

2(1)
8. A; c2 a2 b2 8 164 24
c2 122 52 2
c2 144 25
8 140
c2 169 2
8 140 8 140
2c2 1169 x 2
or x 2
c 13 7.16 0.84
The distance is 13 yards. 3
15. 23181 23(9)
3
9. D; 4, one in each quadrant. 3

127
3
539 Chapter 11
1 2 1 2 1 2
20. C; c2 a2 b2
1
3 4
2x x2
16. x 2 3 (x2 ) c2 102 112 ( 1390 ) 2 a2 132
x
x1
1 c2 100 121 390 a2 169
x2 x 2
1
x c2 221 221 a2
1 2c2 1221 1221 2a2
x22 c 1221 1221 a
x
3 21a. finish
x2
x 1x
17. A /w 6
x3 x 1
64 x 1
x
64 x2 7
164 2x2
3
8 x
18. B; Value of Column A Value of Column B start 7
13x 12 10x 3 12y 16 8y
21b. c2
a2
b2
3x 12 3 4y 16
3x 15 y 4 c 7 92
2 2
x 5 c2 49 81
19. B; Value of Column A c2 130
2x 3y 10 2c2 1130
A
c 11.4 mi
m B
21c. The sketch shows that the distance she is from
2
3 her starting point is the length of the
hypotenuse of a right triangle with legs 7 mi
Value of Column B
and 9 mi long.
Substitute 0 for x to find the y-intercept.
7(0) 4y 4
4y 4
y1
Chapter 11 540
Chapter 12 Rational Expressions and Equations

Page 641 Getting Started 20. 5x 8 3x (2x 3)
y 7 y 2 2x 8 2x 3
1. 2.
9 16 x 10 2x 8 2x 2x 3 2x
16(y) (9)(7) 2(x) 4(10) 8 3
16y 63 2x 40 No Solution
63
y 16 x 20 21.
m 9

m 10
5 11
3 1 x 0.21
3. 15
n 4. 8
2 11(m 9) 5(m 10)
3(n) 15(1) 2(x) 8(0.21) 11m 99 5m 50
3n 15 2x 1.68 11m 99 99 5m 50 99
n5 x 0.84 11m 5m 149
1.1 8.47 9 y 11m 5m 5m 149 5m
5. 6. 6
0.6 n 8 6m 149
1.1(n) 0.6(8.47) 9(6) 8(y) 6m 149

1.1(n) 5.082 54 8y 6 6
149
n 4.62 6.75 y m 6
2.7 8.1 0.19 x 5 x
7. 3.6
a
8. 2
24 22.
14
10
x 3
2.7(a) 3.6(8.1) 0.19(24) 2(x) 10(5 x) 14(x 3)
2.7a 29.16 4.56 2x 50 10x 14x 42
a 10.8 2.28 x 50 10x 50 14x 42 50
9. 30 2 3 5 10x 14x 92
42 2 3 7 10x 14x 14x 92 14x
GCF 2 3 or 6 4x 92
60r2 2 2 3 5 r r 4x 92
10.
4
4
45r3 3 3 5 r r r
x 23
GCF 3 5 r r or 15r2 7n 1 4t 5
23. 5 24. 7
1 2 5(6) 1 2 7(9)
11. 32m2n3 2 2 2 2 2 m m n n n 6 9
7n 1 4t 5
12m2n 2 2 3 m m n 6 6
9 9
GCF 2 2 m m n or 4m2n 7n 1 30 4t 5 63
12. 14a2b2 2 7 a a b b 7n 1 1 30 1 4t 5 5 63 5
18a3b 2 3 3 a a a b 7n 31 4t 58
GCF 2 a a b or 2a2b 7n

31 4t
4
58
7 7 4
2d 6c2d2 3c2d(1
13. 3c 2d) 31
n t 14.5
14. 6nm 15m2 3m(2n 5m) 7
2
15. x2 11x 24 (x 3)(x 8) 25. x x 56 0
(x 8)(x 7) 0
16. x2 4x 45 (x 9)(x 5)
x 8 0 or x 7 0
17. 2x2 x 21 2x2 6x 7x 21 x8 x 7
(2x2 6x) (7x 21) 26. x2 2x 8
2x(x 3) 7(x 3)
x2 2x 8 0
(x 3)(2x 7)
(x 4)(x 2) 0
18. 3x2 12x 9 3x2 3x 9x 9 x40 or x 2 0
(3x2 3x) (9x 9) x 4 x2
3x(x 1) 9(x 1)
(x 1)(3x 9)
3(x 1)(x 3)
19. 3x 2 5
3x 2 2 5 2
3x 3
3x 3
3
3
x 1
541 Chapter 12
7. x1y1 x2 y2
12-1 Inverse Variation (3)(8) (6)(y2 )
24 6y2
24 6y2
6
1. Sample answer: xy 8 4 y2
2. Sample answer: Direct variation equations are in Thus, y 4 when x 6.
the form y kx and inverse variation equations
8. x1y1 x2 y2
are in the form xy k. The graph of a direct
variation is linear while the graph of an inverse (8.1)(2.7) (x2 )(5.4)
variation is nonlinear. 21.87 5.4x2
21.87 5.4x2
3. b; Sample answer: As the price increases, the
5.4
5.4
number purchased decreases.
4.05 x2
4. Solve for k.
Thus x 4.05 when y 5.4.
xy k
9. x y x y
112 2 (16) (x2)(32)

(24) (8) k 1 1 2 2
192 k
xy 192
8 32x2
Choose values for x and y whose product is 192. 32x2
8
Sample answer: 32
32
1
x y y 4
x2
100
48 4 xy 192
1
Thus, x 4 when y 32.
24 8 50 10. (length of string) (frequency of vibrations)
12 16 x1y1 x2 y2
8 24 100 50 O 50 100 x (10) (512) (8)(y2 )
8 24 50 5120 8y2
12 16 5120 8y2
100 8
8
24 8
48 4 640 y2
Thus, the frequency of an 8-inch string is
5. Solve for k. 640 cycles per second.
xy k
(2)(6) k
12 k
xy 12
11. xy k
Choose values for x and y whose product is 12. (8)(24) k
Sample answer: 192 k
x y y Choose values for x and y whose product is 192.
8
12 1 Sample answer:
xy 12
6 2 4 x y y
4 3 24 8
100
xy 192
1 12 8 4 O 4 8x 12 16 50
4 3 4 8 24
6 2 8 24 100 50 O 50 100 x
12 1 8
12 16 50
24 8
6. x1y1 x2 y2
100
(6) (12) (8)(y2 )
72 8y2
72 8y2
8
8
9 y2
Thus, y 9 when x 8.
Chapter 12 542
12. xy k 15. xy k
(4)(3) k (8)(9) k
12 k 72 k
Choose values for x and y whose product is 12. xy 72
Sample answer: Choose values for x and y whose product is 72.
Sample answer:
x y y
8 x y
6 2 y
xy 12 16
4 3 8 9
4 xy 72
3 4 4 18 8
3 4 2 36
8 4 O 4 8x
4 3 2 36 16 8 O 8 16 x
4
6 2 4 18 8
8 8 9
16
13. xy k
(15) (5) k 16. xy k
75 k (8.1)(2.4) k
xy 75 19.44 k
Choose values for x and y whose product is 75. xy 19.44
Sample answer: Choose values for x and y whose product is 19.44.
Sample answer:
x y y
25 3 40 x y y
xy 75 20
15 5 8 2.43
20
5 15 4 4.86 10
5 15 2 9.72
20 10 O 10 20 x
15 5 2 9.72 20 10 O 10 20x
20
25 3 4 4.86 10 xy 19.44
40 8 2.43
20
14. xy k
(12) (4) k 17. x y x y
1 1 2 2
48 k (5)(12) (3) (y2 )
xy 48 60 3y2
Choose values for x and y whose product is 48. 60 3y2

Sample answer: 3 3
20 y2
x y y
20 Thus, xy 60 and y 20 when x 3.
24 2
xy 48 18. x1y1 x2 y2
12 4 10
(2)(7) (7) (y2 )
4 12
14 7y2
4 12 20 10 O 10 20 x
14 7y2
12 4
10 7 7
24 2 2 y2
20 Thus, xy 14 and y 2 when x 7.
19. x1y1 x2 y2
(1)(8.5) (x2 ) (1)
8.5 x2
8.5 x2
1
1
8.5 x2
Thus, xy 8.5 and x 8.5 when y 1.
20. x y x y
1 1 2 2
(1.55)(8) (x2 ) (0.62)
12.4 0.62x2
12.4 0.62x2
0.62
0.62
20 x
2
Thus, xy 12.4 and x 20 when y 0.62.
543 Chapter 12
21. x1y1 x2 y2 28. x1y1 x2 y2

(4.4)(6.4) (x2 )(3.2) (0.5)(2.5) (x2 )(20)
28.16 3.2x2 1.25 20x2
28.16 3.2x2 1.25 20x2
3.2
3.2 20
20
8.8 x2 0.0625 x2
Thus, xy 28.16 and x 8.8 when y 3.2. Thus, xy 1.25 and x 0.0625 when y 20.
22. x1y1 x2 y2 29. A w
(0.5)(1.6) (x2 )(3.2) Let 1 20, w1 36, and 2 90. Solve for w2.
0.8 3.2x2 1w1 2w2
0.8

3.2x2 (20) (36) (90)(w2 )
3.2 3.2
720 90w2
0.25 x2
720 90w2
Thus, xy 0.8 and x 0.25 when y 3.2. 90
90
23. x1y1 x2 y2 8 w2
(4)(4) (7) (y2 ) The width of the second rectangle is 8 inches.
16 7y2 30. (pitch) (wavelength)
16

7y2 Let p1 440, w1 2.4, and w2 1.6. Solve
7 7
for p2.
16
7
y2 p1w1 p2w2
16
Thus, xy 16 and y 7
when x 7. (440)(2.4) (p2 )(1.6)
24. x y x y 105.6 1.6p2
1 1 2 2
1056 1.6p2
(2)(6) (5)(y2 )
1.6 1.6
12 5y2 660 p2
12 5y2
5
5
The pitch of a tone with a wavelength of 1.6 feet
12 is 660 vibrations per second.
y2
5
31. Let s1 12, h1 9, and s2 15. Solve for h2.
12
Thus, xy 12 and y 5
when x 5. s h s h
1 1 2 2
25. x y x y (12) (9) (15)(h2 )
12
1 1 2 2
2
(7) (7) (y2 ) 108 15h2
3 15h2
108
14
7y2 15 15
1 2 3(7y2)
3
14 7.2 h2
3 3 It takes 7.2 hours, if 15 students hand out
14 21y2 1000 flyers.
14

21y2
32. Let r1 55, t1 4, and r2 65. Solve for t2.
21 21
2 r t r t
3
y2 1 1 2 2
14 2
(55) (4) (65)(t2 )
Thus, xy 3
and y 3 when x 7. 220 65t2
26. x y x y 65t2
12
220
1 1 2 2
65
65
1
(16) (32) (y2 ) 220
2
65
t2
16
2
32y2 or
8 32y2 t2
220
h
65
8 32y2
32
32 t
(220) (60)
min
2 65
1
4
y2 t 203 min
2
1
Thus, xy 8 and y 4 when x 32. t2 3 h and 23 min
27. x1y1 x2 y2 It takes about 3 hours and 23 minutes if they
drive 65 miles per hour.
(6.1)(4.4) (x2 )(3.2)
33. 4 h 0 min S 3 h 60 min
26.84 3.2x2
3 h 23 min 3 h 23 min
26.84 3.2x2
3.2
3.2 37 min
8.3875 x2 If they drive at 65 miles per hour, they can save
Thus, xy 26.84 and x 8.3875 when y 3.2. about 37 min.
Chapter 12 544
34. If V is the volume of a gas at pressure P, then 42. A; Graphs B and D can be ignored since they are
PV k. linear, showing direct variation. The point at
or (2, 4) is one solution to the equation, so it
If V1 is the volume at pressure P1, and V2 is the must be on the graph. Graph A contains this point
volume at pressure P2, then P1V1 P2V2. and Graph C does not. Therefore, the correct
choice is A.
35. P1V1 P2V2
(1) (60) (3)(V2 )
60 3V2 Page 647 Maintain Your Skills
60 3V2
3
3
43. Let A represent the missing angle.
opposite side
20 V2 tan A adjacent leg
The new volume of the gas is 20 cubic meters. 7
8
36. P1V1 P2V2
Use a calculator.
(1) (22) (0.8)(V2 )
KEYSTROKES: 2nd [TAN ] 7 ⫼ 8 ENTER
1
22 0.8V2
41.18592517
22 0.8V2
0.8
0.8 The measure of the missing angle is 41.
27.5 V2 44. Let A represent the missing angle.
opposite leg
The volume of the balloon at 0.8 atmosphere is sin A hypotenuse
27.5 cubic meters. 10
12
37. Let w1 36, d1 8, and d2 20 d1. Solve
for w2. Use a calculator.
w d w d KEYSTROKES: 2nd [SIN1] 10 ⫼ 12 ENTER
1 1 2 2
(36) (8) (w2 )(20 8) 56.44269024
288 12w2 The measure of the missing angle is 56.
288 12w2 45. Let A represent the missing angle.
12
12 adjacent leg
cos A
24 w2 hypotenuse
3
The second piece of art must weigh 24 kg. 10
38. Let x2 2x1 Use a calculator.
KEYSTROKES: 2nd [COS ] 3 ⫼ 10 ENTER
x1y1 x2 y2 1
x1y1 2x1y2 72.54239688

x1y1 2x1y2 The measure of the missing angle is 73.
2x
2x a b c a b c
1
y1
1
1
46. d
e
f 47. d
e
f
2
y2 or y
2 1
y2 3 10 9 a 8 4
12
e
f 21
28
f
Thus, if the value of x1 is doubled, the value of y
1
will be 2 of what it was.
3 10 a 8
39. Let y2 3y1 12
e 21
28
x1y1 x2 y2 3(e) (12) (10) 28(a) (8) (21)
x1y1 x23y1 3e 120 28a 168
x1y1 x23y1 3e 120 28a 168
3
3 28
28
3y 3y
1 1
x1 1 e 40 a6
3
x2 or 3 x1 x2
Thus, if the value of y is tripled, the value of x 3 9 8 4

will be one third of what it was. 12 f 28 f
40. Sample answer: When the gear ratio is lower, the 3(f ) (12) (9) 8(f ) (4) (28)
pedaling revolutions increase to keep a constant 3f 108 8f 112
3f 108 8f 112
speed. Answers should include the following.
3
3 8
8
• Shifting gears will require that the rider f 36 f 14
increase pedaling revolutions.
48. A is 220 2 2 5 11
• Lower gears at a constant rate will cause a C is 264 2 2 2 3 11
decrease in speed, while higher gears at a C sharp is 275 5 5 11
constant rate will cause an increase in speed.
GCF of A and C 2 2 11 44
41. B; xy k GCF of A and C sharp 5 11 55
(1.3)(4.25) k GCF of C and C sharp 11
5.525 k
Therefore, A and C sharp have the closest
harmony.
545 Chapter 12
49. 7(2y 7) 5(4y 1) 55. 36 2 2 3 3

7(2y) 7(7) 5(4y) 5(1) 15 3 5
14y 49 20y 5 45 3 3 5
14y 49 49 20y 5 49 GCF 3
14y 20y 5 49 56. 48 2 2 2 2 3
14y 20y 20y 20y 54 60 2 2 3 5
6y 54 84 2 2 3 7
6y 54
6
6 GCF 2 2 3 12
y 9 57. 210 10 3 7 58. 17a 17 a
50. w(w 2) 2w(w 3) 16 330 10 3 11 34a2 2 17 a a
w2 2w 2w2 6w 16 150 10 3 5 GCF 17a
2 2w w2 2w2 6w 16 w2
w GCF 10 3 30
2w w2 6w 16 59. 12xy2 2 2 3 x y y
2w 2w w2 6w 16 2w 18x2y3 2 3 3 x x y y y
0 w2 8w 16 GCF 2 3 x y y 6xy2
0 (w 4)(w 4) 60. 12pr2 2 2 3 p r r
w40 40p4 2 2 2 5 p p p p
w4404 GCF 2 2 p 4p
w4
51. y
12-2 Rational Expressions
y x 1
O x
1. Sample answer: Factor the denominator, set each
y 3x 5
factor equal to 0, and solve for x.
1 1
2. Sample answer: (x 4) (x 7)
or x2 11x 28
3. Sample answer: You need to determine excluded
52. y values before simplifying. One or more factors
may have been canceled in the denominator.
4. Exclude the values for which 3 a 0.
y 2x 3 3a0
a 3
O x
The excluded value is 3.
2y 5x 14
5. Exclude the values for which 2x 6 0.
2x 6 0
2x 6
2x 6
53. y 2
2
x 3
xy3
y0 6. Exclude the values for which n2 n 20 0.
O x (n 5)(n 4) 0
n50 or n 4 0
xy1
n 5 n4
The excluded values are 5 and 4.
2 2
56x y (14x y) (4)
7. 70x3y2
(14x2y) (5xy)
54. y
3x 2y 16 2
(14x y) (4)
(14x2y) (5xy)
4

5x 8y 8 5xy
Exclude the values for which 70x3y2 0.
O x 70x3 0 or y2 0
x 4y 4 x3 0 y0
x0
The excluded values are x 0 and y 0.
Chapter 12 546
x2 49 (x 7) (x 7) b2 3b 4 (b 1) (b 4)
8. x 7
x 7
13. b2 13b 36
(b 9) (b 4)
1 1
(x 7 ) (x 7) (b 1) (b 4 )
(x 7 )
(b 9) (b 4 )
1 1
x7
b 1
b 9
Exclude the values for which x 7 0.
Exclude the values for which b2 13b 36 0.
x70
b 9 0 or b 4 0
x 7
b9 b4
x 4 x 4
9. x2 8x 16
(x 4) (x 4) 14. Let g the number of guppies.
1 4
x 4 represents the fraction of neon fish in the
(x 4 ) (x 4)
4 g
1 aquarium.
x
1 15. Let g the number of guppies.
4
Double the guppy population, 2g, plus the four
Exclude the values for which x2 8x 16 0.
neon fish, plus five new fish can be represented
x40 or x 4 0 4
by 9 2g.
x 4 x 4
x2 2x 3 (x 1) (x 3) Pages 651–653 Practice and Apply
10. x2 7x 12
(x 4) (x 3)
1
16. Exclude the values for which m 2 0.

(x 1) (x 3 ) m20
(x 4) (x 3 )
1 m2
x 1
x 4
Exclude the values for which x2 7x 12 0. 17. Exclude the values for which b 5 0.
(x 4)(x 3) 0 b50
x 4 0 or x 3 0 b 5
x4 x3 The excluded value is 5.
The excluded values are 4 and 3. 18. Exclude the values for which n2 36 0.
11.
a2 4a 12

(a 6) (a 2) (n 6)(n 6) 0
a2 2a 8 (a 2) (a 4)
1
n 6 0 or n 6 0
(a 6) (a 2 ) n6 n 6
(a 2 ) (a 4)
1 The excluded values are 6 and 6.
a 6
a 4 19. Exclude the values for which x2 25 0.
Exclude the values for which a2 2a 8 0. (x 5)(x 5) 0
a2 2a 8 0 x 5 0 or x 5 0
(a 2)(a 4) 0 x5 x 5
a 2 0 or a 4 0 The excluded values are 5 and 5.
a2 a 4 20. Exclude the values for which a2 2a 3 0.
The excluded values are 2 and 4. (a 3)(a 1) 0
2x2 x 21 (2x 7) (x 3) a30 or a 1 0
12.
2x2 15x 28 (2x 7) (x 4) a 3 a1
1
(2x 7 ) (x 3) The excluded values are 3 and 1.
(2x 7 ) (x 4)
1 21. Exclude the values for which x2 2x 15 0.
x
x 3 (x 5)(x 3) 0
4
x50 or x 3 0
Exclude the values for which 2x2 15x 28 0.
x 5 x3
(2x 7)(x 4) 0
2x 7 0 or x 4 0
22. Exclude the values for which n2 n 30 0.
2x 7 x4
7 (n 6)(n 5) 0
x2 n60 or n 5 0
7
The excluded values are 2
and 4. n 6 n5
23. Exclude the values for which x2 12x 35 0.
(x 5)(x 7) 0
x50 or x 7 0
x 5 x 7
547 Chapter 12
35yz2 (7yz) (5z) Exclude the values for which 36mn3 12m2n2 0.
24. 14y2z
(7yz) (2y)
1 36mn3 12m2n2 12mn2 (3n m)
(7yz ) (5z)
(7yz ) (2y)
12m 0 or n2 0 or 3n m 0
1 m0 n0 3n m
5z
2y The excluded values are m 0, n 0, and 3n m.
Exclude the values for which 14y2z 0. x2 x 20 (x 5) (x 4)
30. x 5
x 5
14y2 0 or z 0 1
(x 5 ) (x 4)
y2 0 x 5
y0 1
The excluded values are y 0 and z 0. x4

14a3b2 (14ab2 ) (a2 ) Exclude the values for which x 5 0.
25.
42ab3 (14ab2 ) (3b) x50
1
(14ab ) (a2 )
2 x 5
(14ab2 ) (3b)
1
z2 10z 16 (z 2) (z 8)

a2 31. z 2
z 2
3b
1
Exclude the values for which 42ab3 0. (z 2 ) (z 8)
z 2
42a 0 or b3 0 1
a0 b0 z8
The excluded values are a 0 and b 0. Exclude the values for which z 2 0.
z20
2
64qr s (16qrs) (4r)
26. 16q2rs
(16qrs) (q)
z 2
1

(16qrs ) (4r) The excluded value is 2.
(16qrs ) (q) 4x 8 4(x 2)
1
32. x2 6x 8
(x 4) (x 2)
4r
q 1
4(x 2 )
Exclude the values for which 16q2rs 0. (x 4) (x 2 )
16q2 0 or r 0 or s 0
1
4
x
q2 0 4
q0 Exclude the values for which x2 6x 8 0.
The excluded values are q 0, r 0, and s 0. (x 4)(x 2) 0
9x2yz (3xyz) (3x) x40 or x 2 0
27. 24xyz2
(3xyz) (8z) x 4 x 2
1
(3xyz ) (3x) The excluded values are 4 and 2.
(3xyz ) (8z) 2y 4 2(y 2)
1 33. y2 3y 10
(y 5) (y 2)
3x
8z 1
2(y 2 )
Exclude the values for which 24xyz2 0. (y 5) (y 2 )
1
24x 0 or y 0 or z2 0 y
2
5
x0 z0
The excluded values are x 0, y 0, and z 0. Exclude the values for which y2 3y 0.
7a3b2 (7ab) (a2b) (y 5)(y 2)
28. 21a2b 49ab3
(7ab) (3a 7b2 ) y50 or y 2 0
1
(7ab ) (a2b)
y 5 y2
(7ab ) (3a 7b2 ) The excluded values are 5 and 2.
1
a2b m2 36 (m 6) (m 6)
3a 7b2 34. m2 5m 6
(m 1) (m 6)
1
Exclude values for which 21a2b 49ab3 0. (m 6) (m 6 )
(m 1) (m 6 )
7a 0 or b 0 or 3a 7b2 0 1
m 6
a0 3a 7b2 m1
7
a 3b2 Exclude the values for which m2 5m 6 0.
The excluded values are a 0, b 0, and a 3b2.
7 (m 1)(m 6)
m10 or m 6 0
3m2n3 (3mn2 )mn
29. 36mn3 12m2n2
12n(3mn2 ) 4m(mn2 ) m 1 m6
12n
(3mn2 )mn The excluded values are 1 and 6.
4m(3mn2 )
1
(3mn2 )mn
12n 4m(3mn2 )
1
mn
12n 4m
Chapter 12 548
a2 9 (a 3) (a 3) 4x2 6x 4 2(2x2 3x 2)
35. a2 6a 27
(a 9) (a 3)
40. 2x2 8x 8
2(x2 4x 4)
2(2x 1) (x 2)
1
(a 3) (a 3 ) 2(x 2) (x 2)
(a 9) (a 3 )
1 1 1
2 (2x 1) (x 2 )

a 3 2 (x 2) (x 2 )
a 9 1 1
Exclude the values for which a2 6a 27 0.

2x 1
x 2
(a 9)(a 3) Exclude the values for which 2x2 8x 8 0.
a90 or a 3 0
2(x 2)(x 2)
a 9 a3
x20
The excluded values are 9 and 3. x2
x2 x 2 (x 2) (x 1)
36. x2 3x 2
(x 2) (x 1)
3m2 9m 6 3(m2 3m 2)
1
(x 2) (x 1 )
41. 4m2 12m 8
4(m2 3m 2)
(x 2) (x 1 ) 1
1 2
3(m 3m 2 )
x 2 4(m2 3m 2 )
x 2 1
3
Exclude the values for which x2 3x 2 0. 4
(x 2)(x 1) Exclude the values for which 4m2 12m 8 0.
x 2 0 or x 1 0 4(m 2)(m 1)
x2 x1 m20 or m 1 0
The excluded values are 2 and 1. m 2 m 1
b2 2b 8 (b 4) (b 2)
37. The excluded values are 2 and 1.
b2 20b 64 (b 4) (b 16)
(b 4) (b 2) 42. a 4500 1000 4.5
(b 4) (b 16)
43. 3500 1000 3.5
Exclude the values for which b2 20b 64. 40 [ 25 1.85(3.5) ]
t
(b 4)(b 16) 50 1.85(3.5)
40(25 6.475)
b 4 0 or b 16 0 50 6.475
b4 b 16 40(31.475)
43.525
x2 x 20 (x 4) (x 5) 28.93
38. x3 10x2 24x
x(x 4) (x 6) about 29 min
1
(x 4 ) (x 5) 44. 7000 1000 7
x(x 4 ) (x 6) 40 [ 25 1.85(7) ]
1 t 50 1.85(7)
x 5
x(x 6) 40(37.95)
50 12.95
Exclude the values for which x3 10x2 24x 0.
40.97
x(x 4)(x 6)
x 0 or x 4 0 or x 6 0 about 41 min to cook a potato.
x 4 x 6 45. The times are not doubled even though the
The excluded values are 0, 4, and 6. altitude is. The difference between the times is
n2 8n 12 (n 2) (n 6)
12 minutes.
39. n3 12n2 36n
n(n2 12n 36) s r 17.5 0.4
46. MA r
47. MA 0.4
(n 2) (n 6)
n(n 6) (n 6) MA 42.75
1
(n 2) (n 6 ) 48. Force on lid MA force applied
n(n 6) (n 6 ) 42.75 6
1
n 2 256.5 lb
n(n 6) 450 4n
49. 450 4n 50. n
Exclude the values for which n3 12n2 36n 0. 450 4n
51. 15
n(n 6) (n 6) n
n 0 or n 6 0 15n 450 4n
n6 11n 450
The excluded values are 0 and 6. n 40.9
41 students must attend.
450 4(n 2) Area Circle x2
52. n
53. Area Square
(2x) 2
x2
4x2
4

54. 4
0.785
79%
549 Chapter 12
55a. Sample answer: The graphs appear to be 61. xy k

identical because the second equation is the (3)(2.5) k
simplified form of the first equation. 7.5 k
55b. Sample answer: The first graph has a hole at xy 7.5
x 4 because it is an excluded value of the x y x y
1 1 2 2
equation. (3)(2.5) (8) (y2 )
56. Sample answer: Use the rational expression for 7.5 8y2
light intensity to help determine the brightness of 7.5 8y2
8
8
the picture on the screen for the distance between
the projector and the screen. Answers should 0.9375 y2
include the following. Thus, y 0.9375 when x 8.
• Find the solutions for the expression in the 62. sin N 0.2347
denominator. 1
KEYSTROKES: 2nd [SIN ] .2347 ENTER
• Use the light intensity expression to 13.57393947
determine the brightness of a search light. The measure of N is 14.
57. C; The other expressions can be factored. 63. cos B 0.3218
x2 3x 2
58. B; 1
KEYSTROKES: 2nd [COS ] .3218 ENTER
x2 6x 5
x2 6x 5 0 71.22818376
(x 5)(x 1) 0 The measure of B is 71.
x 5 or x 1 64. tan V 0.0765
5 and 1 are excluded values. 1
KEYSTROKES: 2nd [TAN ] .0765 ENTER
4.374606646
The measure of V is 4.
Page 653 Maintain Your Skills 65. sin A 0.7011
59. xy k 1
KEYSTROKES: 2nd [SIN ] .7011 ENTER
(10) (6) k
60 k 44.51532391
xy 60 The measure of A is 45.
x1y1 x2 y2 66. 1a 3 2
(10) (6) (12) (y2 ) ( 1a 3) 2 22
60 12y2 a34
60 12y2 a1
12
12 ?
Check: 1a 3 2
5 y2 ?
11 3 2
Thus, y 5 when x 12. ?
14 2
xy k
112 2 (16) k
60. 22
67. 12z 2 z 3
16
k ( 12z 2) 2 (z 3) 2
2
2z 2 z2 6z 9
8k
2z 2 2z 2 z2 6z 9 2z 2
xy 8
x1y1 x2 y2 0 z2 8z 7
0 (z 1) (z 7)
1
2
(16) (x2 )(32) z 1 0 or z 7 0
16 z1 z7
2
32x2
Check: 12z 2 z 3 12z 2 z 3
8 32x2 ? ?
12(1) 2 1 3 12(7) 2 7 3
8 32x2
32
32
?
14 2
?
116 4
1 2 2 ✕ 44✓
4
x2
1
The only solution is 7.
Thus, x 4 when y 32.
Chapter 12 550
68. 113 4p p 8 74. A /w

113 4p p p 8 p A (2x y) (x y)
113 4p 8 p 2x2 2xy xy y2
13 4p (8 p) 2 2x2 3xy y2
13 4p 64 16p p2 The area is 2x2 3xy y2 square units.
13 4p 13 64 16p p2 13
7
84 in. 12 in. 84 in. 1 ft
75. 12 in. 7 ft
4p 51 16p p2 1 1 ft 1
1
4p 4p 51 16p p2 4p 1
4.5 m 100 cm
0 p2 20p 51 76. 1
m 450 cm
1
0 ( p 3)( p 17) 4h 60 min 60 s
p30 or p 17 0 77. 1
h
min 14,400 s
p 3 p 17 15 min 60 s
min 900 s
1
Check: 113 4p p 8 113 4p p 8
? ? 14,400 s 900 s 15,300 s
113 4(3) (3) 8 113 4(17) (17) 8
18 mi 5280 ft
125 3 8
?
181 17 8
?
78. 1
mi 95,040 ft
?
538 9 17 8 79.
3 days 24 h
day 72 h
1
88✓ 26 8 ✕
220 mL 1000 mL 220 mL L 220 L
The only solution is 3. 80. 1
L
1 1000 mL 1000
0.22 L
69. 23r2
61 2r 1
( 23r2 61) 2 (2r 1) 2
3r2 61 4r2 4r 1
0 4r2 4r 1 3r2 61 1
0 r2 4r 60 1.
3x 6

3(x 2 )
x2 7x 10 (x 2 ) (x 5)
0 (r 6)(r 10) 1
r 6 0 or r 10 0
3
x 5
r6 r 10
When x 5, x 5 0. When x 2,
Check: 23r 2 61 2r 1 23r 2 61 2r 1
? ?
x 2 0. Therefore, x cannot equal 2 or 5
23(6) 2 61 2(6) 1 23(10) 2 61 2(10) 1
? ?
because you cannot divide by zero.
1108 61 12 1 1300 61 20 1
? ?
1169 13 1361 21
13 13 ✓ 19 21 ✕
The only solution is 13.
3
70. Common factor: 1
3
27 3 81
81 3 243
243 3 729 [10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
1
Thus, the next three terms are 81, 243, and 729. x2 9x 8 (x 8 ) (x 1)
24 2. x2 16x 64
(x 8 ) (x 8)
4 1
x 1
384 4 1536 x 8
1536 4 6144 When x 8, x 8 0. Therefore, x cannot equal
6144 4 24,576 8 because you cannot divide by 0.
Thus, the next three terms are 1536, 6144, and
24,576.
1 1
72. Common factor: 2 4 2
2 (2) 4
4 (2) 8
8 (2) 16
Thus, the next three terms are 4,8, and 16.
[5, 15] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
3
27 3 81
16
4 64
81 3 243
64
4 256
243 3 729
256
4 1054
81 243 729
Thus, the next three terms are ,
64 256
, and 1054.
551 Chapter 12
1 1
5x2 10x 5 5(x2 2x 1 ) 24 feet 60 seconds 60 minutes 1 mile
3. 3x2 6x 3
3(x2 2x 1)
10. 1 second
1 minute
1 hour
5280 feet
1 220
5 1 60 60 1 mile
3 1 1 1 hour 220
2
When x 1, x 2x 1 0. Therefore, x
3600 miles
220 hour
cannot equal 1 because you cannot divide by 0.
16.36 mph
4,000
240,000 miles 1 minutes 1 hour 1 day
11. 1
100 miles
60 minutes 24 hours
1
40
4,000 1 1 1 day
1 100 1 24
40 days
24
2
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1 13 days
1
2x 9 2x 9
4. 4x2 18x
2x(2x 9)
1 2x
2x 8 x 4
8x 4
12. x2
4x 4x3
a. Sample answer: Examine the values and verify 1
that they are identical. 2x

2 1 1
b. It displays ERROR. 10r3 42n2 420 n2 r3
13. 6n3
35r3 210 n3 r3
1 n 1
2
n
12-3 Multiplying Rational Expressions 4 w 1 y 1
10y3z2 12w2x2 120 w2 x2 y3 z2
14. 6wx3
25y2z4
150 w x3 y2 z 4
5 1 x 1 z2
Page 657 Check for Understanding 4wy
5xz2
2 1
1. Sample answer: ,
1 x 1 a 1 12 g 1
3a2b 24g2h 3 a2 b 24 g2 h
2. Sample answer: When the negative sign in front 15. 2gh
15ab2 2gh
15 a b2
5 1 b
of the first expression is distributed, the 1 1 1
12ag
numerator is x 6. 5
3. Amiri; Sample answer: Amiri correctly divided by (x 8) (x 4) (x 3)
1
(x 8 )
1
(x 4) (x 3 )
the GCF. 16. (x 8) (x 3)
(x 8)
(x 8) (x 3)
(x 8)
1 1
8 y 1
2 2 x 4
4.
64y 5y
8y
64y
8y
5y x 8
5y 5y
1 1 1 1 1
(n 1) (n 1) (n 4) (n 1 ) (n 1 ) (n 4)
8y 17. (n 1)
(n 1) (n 4)
(n 1)
(n 1) (n 4)
3 1 1 4 1 t 1 1
15s2t2 16st2 15 s2 t 3 16 s t2 n 4
5. 12st
10s3t3 12 s t
10 s3 t 3 n 4
3 11 2 s 1
1 1
1 2 (z 4) (z 6) (z 1) (z 5) (z 4 ) (z 6) (z 1 ) (z 5)
3 4t 18. (z 3) (z (z 3) (z
3 2s (z 6) (z 1) 4) (z 6) (z 1)
1
4)
1
1 1
(z 6) (z 5)
2t
s
(z 6) (z 3)
1 m 1 1
(x 1) (x 7) (x 4) (x 10) (x 1) (x 7) (x 4 ) (x 10 )
m 4 4m2 m 4 4m2 19. (x (x
6. 3m
(m 4) (m 5)
3m
(m 4) (m 5) (x 7) (x 4) 1) (x 10) (x 7) (x 4)
1
1) (x 10)
1
1 1 (x 1) (x 7)
4m (x 7) (x 1)
3(m 5)
1 2 1
x2 25 x 5 (x 5) (x 5 ) x 5
7.
x2 4
x
4

(x 2) (x 2 )
x
4 20. 9
x 5
x 5
2 2 2 2 1
1 1
(x 5) (x 5)
2(x 2) 9
1 (x 5) 2
n2 16 n 2 (n 4 ) (n 4) n 2
8. n 4
n2 8n 16
n 4
(n 4) (n 4)
9
1 1 1 1
y2 4 y 1 (y 2 ) (y 2) y 1
n
n 2 21. y2 1
y 2
(y 1) (y 1)
y 2
4 1 1
1 1 y 2
x 5 2
x x 6 x 5 (x 3) (x 2) y
9. x2 7x 10
5
(x 5) (x 2)
5
1
1 1 1
1 x 3 1 x 3

x 3 22. x2 x 12
x 5
(x 4) (x 3)
x 5
5 1
1
(x 4) (x 5)
Chapter 12 552
1 176
x 6 x 4 x 6 x 4 3 lanes 13 miles 5280 feet 1 vehicle
23. x2 4x 32
x 2
(x 8) (x 4)
x 2
36. 1
1 lane
1 mile
30 feet
1 1
x 6 3 13 176 1 vehicle
(x 8) (x 2)
6864 vehicles
1
x 3 x x 3 x 6864 vehicles are involved in the backup.
24. x 4
x2 7x 12
x 4
(x 4) (x 3)
1 6864 vehicles 24 seconds 1 minute 1 hour 8
x 37. 1 vehicle 60 seconds 60 minutes 1
(x 4) (x 4)
1
3
x 6864 24 1 1 hour 1
(x 4) 2 8
1 1 60 60
20,592
n 2n 10 n
1
2(n 5 ) 3600
25. n2 8n 15
n2
(n 5) (n 3)
n2
1 5.72
2n
n2 (n 3) It will take about 5.72 hours.

2n 38. c and e; Sample answer: The expressions each
n n(n 3)
have a GCF that can be used to simplify the
2
n(n 3) expressions.
b2 12b 11 b 9
1
(b 11 ) (b 1)
1
b 9
39. Sample answer: Multiply rational expressions to
26. b2 9
b2 20b 99
(b 3) (b 3)
(b 11) (b 9) perform dimensional analysis. Answers should
1 1
b 1 include the following.
(b 3) (b 3)
60 watts 1 kilowatt
a2 a 6 a2 7a 12 (a 3) (a 2 )
1
(a 3) (a 4)
1 • 25 lights h hours light
1000 watts
27. a2 16
a2 4a 4
(a 4) (a 4)
(a 2) (a 2)
15 cents 1 dollar
1 1 1 kilowatt hour 100 cents
(a 3) (a 3)
(a 4) (a 2) • Sample answer: converting units of measure
2.54 centimeters 12 inches 3 feet 13xyz 8x2z2 4a 4 a2
28. 1 inch
1 foot 1 yard 40. D; 4x2y
2y3
41. A; a2 a
3a 3
2.54 12 3 centimeters 104x3y2z3 4(a 1) a2
yard a(a 1) 3(a 1)
8x2y4
91.44 cm/yd 13xz3 4aa
1
y2
3a(a 1)
60 kilometers 1000 meters 1 hour 1 minute
29. 1 hour
1 kilometer 60 minutes 60 seconds
4a
1 3(a 1)
1 1000 meters 1 1
1 1 1 60 seconds
16.67 m/s
32 feet 60 seconds 60 minutes 1 mile s 6 s 6
30.
1 second 1 minute
1 hour 5280 feet 42.
165
s2 36 (s 6) (s 6)
1 60 60 1 mile
1 1 1 hour 165 Exclude the values for which s2 36 0.
3600 miles
165 hours s60 or s 6 0
s 6 s6
21.82 miles/hour
10 feet 18 feet 3 feet 1 yard3
31. 1 27 feet3 a2 25 (a 5) (a 5)
1 1 43. a2 3a 10
(a 2) (a 5)
20
540 feet3 1 yard3
27 feet3 Exclude the values for which a2 3a 10 0.
1
1
a 2 0 or a 5 0
20 yard3 a2 a 5
4
12 feet 14 feet 1 yard 1 yard
6
18 dollars The excluded values are 2 and 5.
32. 1
1
3 feet
3 feet
yard2 x 3 x 3
1 1 44. x3 6x 9
(x 3) (x 3)
336
Exclude the values for which x2 6x 9 0.
It will cost $336 to carpet the room.
x30
33.
21.95 Canadian dollars 1 U.S. dollar
1.37 Canadian dollars x 3
1
21.95 U.S. dollar The excluded value is 3.
1.37
16.02
Johanna spent about $16.02 in U.S. dollars.
6
18 miles 18 hours
34. 3 hours
1
108 miles
108 miles of streets can be cleaned.
13 miles 5280 feet 1 vehicle
35. 3 lanes 1 lane
1 mile
30 feet
553 Chapter 12
45. xy k Check: Let g 28. Let g 29. Let g 27.

(8) (9) k g
6
7 g
6
7 g
6
7
72 k 8 2 8 2 8 2
28 ? 7 29 ? 7
xy 72 8
6 2 8
6 2 3.375 6 3.5 ✓
x y x y 3.5 3.5 3.625 3.5
1 1 2 2
(8)(9) (x2 )(6) 53. 3.5r 7.35
72 6x2 3.5r 7.35
3.5
3.5
72 6x2

6 6 {r|r 2.1}
12 x2 Check: Let r 2.1. Let r 2.2. Let r 2.0.
Thus, x 12 when y 6. 3.5r 7.35 3.5r 7.35 3.5r 7.35
46. xy k 3.5(2.1) 7.35 3.5(2.2) 7.35 3.5(2.0) 7.35
(8.1)(2.4) k 7.35 7.35 ✓ 7.7 7.35 ✓ 7 7.35
19.44 k 54.
9k 3
127 12
4
7 5
xy 19.44
9k 4 3 4
x1y1 x2 y2 4 1 5 1
(8.1)(2.4) (3.6) (y2 ) 9k 7
12
5
12 12
19.44 3.6y2 4
1 12 1
19.44

3.6y2
9
9k 7 5 9
5k|k 7 15 6
3.6 3.6 3
5.4 y2 4
Thus, y 5.4 when x 3.6. 4 3 5

Check: Let k 15 . Let k 15 . Let k 15 .
47. xy k ? 12 ? 12 ? 12
(8)(24) k 9k 7 5 9k 7 5 9k 7 5
115 2 7 125 115 2 7 125 115 2 7 125

192 k 3 4 ? 3 3 ? 3 5 ?
xy 192 9 9 9
x1y1 x2 y2 5
12 12
5
9 12
5
15 12

7 ✓
(8)(24) (4)(y2 ) 5 5 5 5 5 5
192 4y2 55. Let m money earned and d number of days.

192 4y2 m kx 935 85x

4 4 340 k(4) 11 x
48 y2 85 k
Thus, y 48 when x 4. It will take 11 days to earn $935.
48. xy k 56. x2 3x 40 (x 8) (x 5)
(4.4)(6.4) k 57. n2 64 (n 8)(n 8)
28.16 k
58. x2 12x 36 (x 6) (x 6) or (x 6) 2
xy 28.16
x1y1 x2 y2 59. a2 2a 35 (a 7) (a 5)
(4.4)(6.4) x2 (3.2) 60. 2x2 5x 3 (2x 1) (x 3)
28.16 3.2x2 61. 3x3 24x2 36x 3x(x2 8x 12)
3x(x 2) (x 6)
28.16 3.2x2
3.2
3.2
8.8 x2
Thus, x 8.8 when y 3.2. Page 659 Practice Quiz 1
5 1. xy k
712 20p6 20p6
49. 79
7129 50. 8p8
8p8 6 (7)(28) k
2
196 k
5
73 or 343 2p2 Choose values for x and y whose product is 96.
4
24a3b4c7 24a3b4c7 2 x y y
51. 6a6 3c2 160
6a6c2 2 98
1 120
4b4c5 4 49 80
a3
7 28 40
g 7
52. 8
6 2 7 28 8642O 2 4 6 8x
g 8 7 8
4 4 49 80
8
1 6
2 1 2 98 120 xy 196
1
160
{g|g 6 28}
Chapter 12 554
2. xy k 5.
2a a 7
a 3 a 3a
2a a 3
a 3 7
(9) (6) k 1
54 k 2a
a 3a
a 3
7
Choose values for x and y whose product is 54. 1
2a
x y y a7
80
2 27 6.
3m 15 m 5
6m 24
3m 15 6m 24
m5
60 xy 54 m 4 m 4
4 13.5 40 3(m 5) 6(m 4)
m5
6 9 20
x
m 4
1 1
6 9 8642O 2 4 6 8 3(m 5 ) 6(m 4 )
m 4
m 5
4 13.5 40 1 1
2 27 60 18
80 2x 6 2x 6 1
7. x 5
(x 3)
x 5 x 3
2(x 3) 1
1 1 x 5
x 3
28a2 (7a ) (4a) y 3y2 y(1 3y )
3. 49ab
(7a ) (7b)
4. 3y 1
(1 3y )
1
2(x 3 ) 1
1 1
x 5
x 3
4a
7b
y 1
2
1
x 5
b2 3b 4 (b 4 ) (b 1) k 3 2k 6 k 3 k 2
5. b2 13b 36
(b 9) (b 4 ) 8. k2 4k 4 2k 6
k2 4k 4 k 2
1
b 1 k 3 k 2
b (k 2) (k 2)
2(k 3)
9
1 1 1
3n2 5n 2 (3n 1 ) (n 2) k 3 k 2
6. 3n2 13n 4
(3n 1 ) (n 4)
(k 2) (k 2 )
2(k 3 )
1 1 1
n 2 1
n 4
2(k 2)
2
2x 4 x1 2x 4 x2 5x 6
7.
3m2

18m2

3mm

18 m m 9. x2 11x 18
x2 5x 6 x2 11x 18 x1
2m 9m 2m 9m
2(x 2) (x 2) (x 3)
1 1
(x 9) (x 2)
x1
3m2
1
5a 10 4x3 5(a 2) 2x2 2x 2(x 2) (x 2 ) (x 3)
8. 10x2
a2 11a 18 2x2 5
(a 9) (a 2)
(x 9) (x 2 ) x 1
1
2x
9
a 2(x 2) (x 3)
(x 9) (x 1)
4n 8 n 5 4(n 2) n 5
9. n2 25
5n 10
(n 5) (n 5)
5(n 2) 85 kilometers 1000 meters 1 hour 1 minute
4
10. 1 hour
1 kilometer
60 minutes 60 seconds
5(n 5) (85 kilometers) (1000 meters) (1 hour) (1minute)

x2 x 6 x2 7x 12 (x 3) (x 2) (x 4) (x 3) (1 hour) (1 kilometer) (60 minutes) (60 seconds)
10. x2 9
x2 4x 4
(x 3) (x 3)
(x 2) (x 2) 85 1000 meters 1 1
1 1 60 60 seconds
x 4
x 2 85,000 meters
3600 seconds
23.61 m/s
32 pounds 1 square foot
11. 144 square inches
12-4 Dividing Rational Expressions 1 square foot
(32 pounds) (1 square foot)
(1 square foot) (144 square inches)
32 pounds
Page 662 Check for Understanding 144 square inches
15z 3x
1. Sample answer: 4y2
4y 2
9 pound/square inch
2. Sometimes; Sample answer: 0 has no reciprocal. 12. There are 32 ounces in a quart,
3. Sample answer: Divide the density by the given The pan can hold 2.32 64 ounces.
volume, then perform dimensional analysis. 2 2 128
If the pan is 3
full, there are 64 3 3
ounces of
10n3 5n2 10n3 21
4. 7
21
7
5n2 candy in it.
128 3 128 4 512
2n
10n
3
3
21 3
4 3
3 9
57
7
5n2
1 1 Latisha will make about 57 pieces of candy.
6n
555 Chapter 12
1
Pages 662–664 Practice and Apply 3 ft 3 ft 3 ft
3
(24 yd ) (3 ft) (3 ft) (3 ft)
a2 a a2 b3 n4 n2 n4 p3
25. 24 yd3 1 yd 1 yd 1 yd 1 yd3
13. b2
b3
b2
a 14. p2
p3
p2
n2 1
a b n 2 p 648 ft3
2 3 4 3
a b n p
b2
a
p2
n2 26. 0.35 m3
100 cm 100 cm 100 cm

1 1 1 1 1m 1m 1m
1
(0.35 m3 ) (100 cm) (100 cm) (100 cm)
ab n2p 1 m3
1
4x3 8x2 4x3 y2 10m2 25m4 10m2 14n3
15. y4
y2
y4
8x2 16. 7n2
14n3
7n2
25m4 350,000 cm3
x 1 2 2n
3 2 2 3 330 ft 1 mi 60 s 60 min

4x y
8x2
10m 14n
25m4 27. 1s
5280 ft 1 min 1h
y4 7n2
y2 2 1 5m2 1 1 1
x 4n (330 ft ) (1 mi) (60 s ) (60 min )
2y2 5m2 (1s ) (5280 ft ) (1 min ) (1 h)
1 1 1
x2y3z x2yz3 x2y3z s3t2 1,188,000 mi
17. s2t2
s3t2
s2t2
x2yz3 5280 h
y2 s
3 2
220 mi/h
2 3
x y z s t
s2t2
x2yz3 1730 plants km km (1730 plants) (1 km ) (1 km )
1 1
1 z2 28. 1 km2
1000 m 1000 m (1 km2 ) (1000 m) (1000 m)
1
y2s
1730 plants
z2 1,000,000 m2
a4bc3 ab2c2 a4bc3 g3h2
18. g2h2
g3h2
g2h2
ab2c2 0.00173 plants/m2
a3c g 2x 6 2 2x 6 x 5
4 3
a bc
3 2
g h
29. x 5
x 5
x 5
2
g 2h2
ab2c2 1 1
1 b 2 (x 3) x 5
3
a cg x 5
2
b 1 1
b2 9 b2 9 1 x3
19. (b 3) b 3 m 8 m 8 1
4b 4b
30. m 7
m2 7m 8 m 7 m2 7m 8
(b 3) (b 3) 1
4b
b 3 m 8 1
1
m 7 (m 8) (m 1)
(b 3) (b 3 ) 1
4b
b 3 m 8
1
1
1 m 7 (m 8 ) (m 1)
b 3
4b
1
1
m2 16 m2 16 1
(m 7) (m 1)
20. 5m
(m 4) 5m
m 4
x2 2x 1 x 1 x2 2x 1 x 1
(m 4) (m 4) 1 31. x x 1
5m
m 4 2 1 2
(x 1) (x 1) x 1
1 2
x 1
(m 4 ) (m 4) 1
5m
m 4 1
(x 1) (x 1 ) x 1
1
x 1
m 4 2
5m 1
(x 1(x 1)
3k 3k 1
21. k 1
(k 2)
k 1 k 2
2
n2 3n 2 n 1 n2 3n 2 n 2

3k 32. 4
n 2
4
n 1
(k 1) (k 2)
(n 2) (n 1) n 2
5d 5d 1 n 1
22. d 3
(d 1) d 3
d 1
4
1
5d (n 2) (n 1 ) n 2
(d 3) (d 1) 4
n 1
1
3x 12 2x 8 3x 12 x 4
23. 4x (n 2) 2
4x 18 x 4 18 2x 8 4
3(x 4) x 4

2(x 9) 2(x 4) a2 8a 16 2a 8 a2 8a 16 3a 9
33. a2 6a 9
3a 9

a2 6a 9 2a 8
1
3(x 4 ) x 4 (a 4) (a 4) 3(a 3)
2(x 9)
2(x 4)

(a 3) (a 3) 2(a 4)
1
1 1
3(x 4) (a 4 ) (a 4) 3(a 3 )
4(x 9) 2(a
(a 3 ) (a 3) 4)
1 1
4a 8 2a 4 4a 8 a 4
24. 2a 6 2a 4 3(a 4)
2a 6 a 4 2(a 3)
2 1
4 (a 2 ) a 4 b 2 2b 4 b 2 b 4
2(a 3)
2 (a 2 ) 34. b2 4b 4
b 4
b2 4b 4 2b 4
1 1
1
a 4 b 2 b 4
a 3 (b 2) (b 2)
2(b 2 )
1
b 4
2(b 2) 2
Chapter 12 556
x2 x 2 x2 2x 3 x2 x 2 x2 7x 12 45. Sample answer: Divide the number of cans

35. x2 5x 6
x2 7x 12
x2 5x
6 x2 2x 3 5
recycled by 8 to find the total number of cans
(x 2) (x 1) (x 4) (x 3)

(x 3) (x 2) (x 3) (x 1) produced.
1 1 1 Answers should include the following.
(x 2 ) (x 1 ) (x 4) (x 3 )
(x 3 ) (x 1 ) 5 1 pound
(x 3) (x 2 )
1 1 1
• x 63,900,000 cans 8 33 cans
x 4
x 3 46. B;
3b

18b

3b 15c
18b
5c 15c 5c
x2 2x 15 x2 3x 18 x2 2x 15 x2 2x 24 1 3
36. x2 x 30
x2 2x 24

x2 x 30 x2 3x 18 3b 15c
5c
18b
(x 5) (x 3) (x 6) (x 4)

(x 6) (x 5) (x 6) (x 3)
1 6
3 1
1 1
6 or 2
(x 5 ) (x 3) (x 6 ) (x 4)
(x 6 ) (x 5 )
(x 6) (x 3) 47. C; A /w
1 1
x2 x 2
(x 3) (x 4) x2 4 w
(x 6) (x 3)
x 1
x2 4 x 1
1
x2 x 2 w
37. Convert minutes per mile into miles per hour.
(x 2) (x 2) x 1
1 mile

60 minutes 60
6.5 9.2 1
(x 2) (x 1) w
6.5 minutes 1 hour
(x 2) (x 2) x 1
Jorge should ride at 9.2 miles per hour. 1
(x 2) (x 1) w
38. There are 27 cubic feet in 1 cubic yard. x2w
d(a b)
V 2
w
5 ft(18 ft 15 ft) 1 yd3
2
9 ft 27 ft3 Page 664 Maintain Your Skills
39. An equation that represents the number of truck x 5 x 2 x 5 x 2
48. x2 7x 10
1
(x 5) (x 2)
1
loads.
15 ft (18 ft2 15 ft) 9 ft 271 ydft 2

1 1
3 x 5 x 2
n 20,000 yd3 (x 5 ) (x 2)

20,000 yd3 1 1 27 ft 2
3 1
1
3 3
742.5 ft 1 yd 1
20,000 yd3 1 27 2
3
x2 3x 10 x2 5x 6 (x 5) (x 2) (x 3) (x 2)
742.5 yd 3
49. x2 8x 15
x2 4x 4
(x 5) (x 3)
(x 2) (x 2)
1 1 1
20,000 yd3 27.5 yd3
(x 5 ) (x 2) (x 3 ) (x 2 )
(x 2) (x
(x 5 ) (x 3 ) 2)
20,000 yd3 1
1
27.5 yd3 x 2
1 1 1
20,000
x 2
27.5 x 4 16y x 4 16y
50. x2 7x 12 (x 4) (x 3)
727.27 4y 4y
1 4
It will take 727.27 truck loads. x 4 16y
4y
(x 4 ) (x 3)
40. 1 revolution circumference d 26. 1 1
4
1 rev 12 in. 5280 ft 55 mi 1 hr (12) (5280) (55) x
26 in.
1 ft 1 mi 1 hr 60 min (26) (60)
3
x2 8x 15 7x 14y (x 5) (x 3) 7(x 2y)
711 rpm 51. x y
x 3
x y
x 3
41. 1 revolution circumference d 30 (x 5) (x 3 )
1
7(x 2y)
rev 30 in. 60 min 1 ft 1 mi (x y)
x 3
711min 1 rev
1h
12 in. 5280 ft 63.5 mph 1
7(x 2y) (x 5)
42. d; Sample answer: x y
1 1 2y x c 6 c 6
x
2y 2xy 2xy 52.
c2 12c 36 (c 6) (c 6)
2y x 1
c 6
2xy (c 6 ) (c 6)
2y x x 2y
is not equivalent to . 1
1 21 2
2xy x2 4y2 1
1 3
c 6
43. Volume of new block x x 2 x 4
25 x2 1(x 5) (x 5)
53. x2 x 30
(x 6) (x 5)
1
44. Weight of original block
1x 12 21x 34 2 (x)
1(x 5) (x 5 )
(x 6) (x 5 )
1
x 5
(10 85 pounds) x 6
x3
557 Chapter 12
a 3 a 3
54. a2 4a 3
(a 3) (a 1)
61. The degree of z3 2z2 3z 4 is 3, since 3 is the
1 greatest sum of a term’s exponents.
a 3
(a 3 ) (a 1)
62. The degree of a5b2c3 6a3b3c2 is 10, since 10 is
1
the greatest sum of a term’s exponents.
1
a1 63. 6 0.8 g
n2 16 (n 4) (n 4) 6 0.8 g
55.
n2 8n 16 (n 4) (n 4) 0.8 0.8
1 7.5 g
(n 4 ) (n 4)
(n 4 ) (n 4) {g|g 7.5}
1
n 4 Check: Let g 7.5. Let g 8. Let g 7.
n 4 6 0.8 g 6 0.8 g 6 0.8 g
? ? ?
56. 3y2 147 6 0.8(7.5) 6 0.8(8) 6 0.8(7)
y2 49 66✓ 6 6.4 ✓ 6 5.6
y 7 64. 15b 6 28
{7} 15b 28
15
7 15
Check: 3(7) 2 147
28
3(49) 147 b 7
5b|b 7 6
15
147 147 ✓ 28
3(7) 2 147 15
3(49) 147 Check: Let b 15 .

28
Let b 15 .
29
Let b 15 .
27
147 147 ✓
15b 6 28 15b 6 28 15b 6 28
1 2 6 28 1 2 6 28 12715 2 6 28

57. 9x2 24x 16 28 ? 29
15 15 15
9x2 24x 16 0 15 15
(3x 4)(3x 4) 0 28 28 29 6 28 ✓ 27 28

3x 4 0 65. 0.049 0.07x
3x 4 0.049 0.07x
0.07
0.07
4
x
56
3 0.7 x
4
{x|x 0.7}
143 22 24143 2 16

3
Check: Let x 0.7.
Check: 9 0.049 0.07x
1 2 12
1 8 ?
9 16 24 4 0.049 0.07(0.7)
16
1 9
1
1 3
1
0.049 0.049 ✓
16 32 16 Let x 0.6. Let x 0.8.
16 16 ✓ 0.049 0.07x 0.049 0.07x
? ?
58. a2 225 30a 0.049 0.07(0.6) 0.049 0.07(0.8)
a2 30a 225 0 0.049 0.042 ✓ 0.049 0.056
(a 15) (a 15) 0 66.
3
h
3
137h21 2 6 1 21 2
7
6 49
a 15 0
7 3 7
a 15 3 49 3
{15} 1
h 6
5h|h 6 6
? 7
Check: (15) 2 225 30(15) 1
?
225 225 450 7
450 450 ✓ Check: Let h 7.
1
Let h 7.
2
Let h 8.
1
59. (n 6) 2 14 3 3 3 3 3 3
h 6 h 6 h 6
1 2 6 493 1 2 6 493 1 2 6 493

n 6 114 7 49 7 49 7 49
3 1 ? 3 2 ? 3 1
n 6 114 7 7 7 7 7 8
{6 114} 3 3 6 3 3 3
49
49 49
49 56
6 49
✓
2 ?
Check: [ (6 114) 6] 14
?
(6 3.742 6) 2 14
14.003 14 ✓
?
[ (6 114) 6] 2 14
?
(6 3.742 6) 2 14
14.003 14 ✓
1
60. The degree of 13 8
is 0, since there are no
exponents.
Chapter 12 558
12r 3 1 1 1
67. 4
7 6x2 6 x2 5m4 5mmmm
20 70. x4
x 2 x2 71. 25m
55m
3
1 1 1
12r 3
7 6 m3
4 20 x2
5
3
1bb 21cc 2
3r 7 20 1 1 1 1
18a3 29aaa b6c3 6 3
3 72. 45a5
59aaaaa 73. b3c6
3 6
3r 20 1 1 1 1
7
3 3 5a2
2
(b63 ) (c36 )
1
r 6 20 (b3 ) (c3 )
5r|r 6 201 6
b3
c3
11228 21xx 21yy 2 1zz 2

1
Check: Let r 20. 12x3y2 3 2
7x4z2 2
74. 75. 7(x4 )
1 7 2 (x34 ) (y21 )
28x4y 4 z3 3
12r 3
1 2
4
7 20 3 4 ) (z23 )
7(x
1 7 2 (x1 ) (y)
1
12 20
7(x4 ) (z 1 )
? 3 3
7
1 2
4 20
3y 7x4
1
12 20 7x z
4 ? 3 4
7 1
4
1201 2 7 1220
1 20
12 ?
1 Page 665 Reading Mathematics
12 12 1. Sample answer: the quantity m plus two, divided
20
20
1
by 4
Let r 18.
2. Sample answer: three x divided by the quantity x
12r 3
minus 1,
1 2
4
7 20
1 3. Sample answer: the quantity a plus 2 divided by
12 18 ?
3 the quantity a squared plus 8
7 20
4
1 2
4. Sample answer: the quantity x squared minus 25
1
12 18 ?
divided by the quantity x plus 5
4 3 4
7 5. Sample answer: the quantity x squared minus 3 x
4
1181 2 7 1220
1 20 1
12 ? plus 18 divided by the quantity x minus 2
1 6. Sample answer: the quantity x squared plus 2 x
12
18 7 20 ✓
12 minus 35 divided by the quantity x squared
minus x minus 20
1
Let r 22. 7.
3x 6

3(x 2)
8.
4n 12

4(n 3)
9 9 8 8
12r 3
x 2 n 3

1 2
4
7 20
3 2
1
12 22 5x2 25x 5x(x 5)
? 3 9. 10x
10x
7
4
1 2
20 x 5
1
2
12 22 ? x 3 x 3
4 3 4 (x 4) (x 3)
7 10. x2 7x 12
4
1221 2 7 1220
1 20 1
1
12 ? x 3
1 (x 4) (x 3 )
1
12 12
22
20 1
x 4
y 1
68. 2 x y x y
1 2 12 61
6 11. x2 2xy y2
(x y) (x y)
6 y 1
1 6 x y

y3 (x y) (x y )
1
{y|y 3} 1
x y
Check: Let y 3. Let y 4. Let y 2.
x2 16 (x 4) (x 4)
y
2
1 y
2
1 y 1
2 12. x2 8x 16
(x 4) (x 4)
6 6 6
1
3 ? 1 4 ? 1 2 ? 1 (x 4 ) (x 4)
6
2 6
2 6
2 (x 4 ) (x 4)
1
1 1 2 1 1 1
2
2✓ 3
2✓ 3
2 x
x 4
4
69. Multiply 3250 by 12.
3250 covers
1 month
12 months 39,000 covers
559 Chapter 12
Step 3:
12-5 Dividing Polynomials
x2
1. (x2 3x 4) (x 1)
Step 1: x2 x x
1 1
x2 x x x x 3 x 1 1
1 1 x 1 1
x 1 1
Step 2:
x1
The width of the array, x 3, is the quotient.
x2 3. (x2 16) (x 4)
Step 1: 1 1 1 1 1 1
1
x2 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
Step 2:
Step 3:
x1
x4
x2 x
x 1 x2
x4
x 1
1 1 1 1
x 1
x 1
The width of the array, x 4, is the quotient. Step 3:

2. (x2 5x 6) (x 2)
x4
Step 1:
1 1 1
x2 x x x x
x2 x x x x x
1 1 1 x 1 1 1 1
x4
x 1 1 1 1
Step 2:
x 1 1 1 1
x2 x 1 1 1 1
x2 x x
The width of the array, x 4, is the quotient.

4. (2x2 4x 6) (x 3)
Step 1:
1 1 1
x2 x2 x x x x
1 1 1
Chapter 12 560
Step 2: 14a2b2 35ab2 2a2 14a2b2 35ab2 2a2

5. 7a2b2
7a2b2
7a2b2
7a2b2
2 5 2
x3 14a2b2 35ab2 2a2
7a2b2
7a2b2
7a 2b2
1 a 7b2
5 2
x2 2 a
7b2
n4
x2 6. n 3n2 7n 12
()n2 3n
1 1 1 4n 12
() 4n 12
0
The quotient is n 4.
Step 3: r3
7. r 9r2 12r 36
x3 ()r2 9r
3r 36
() 3r 27
x2 x x x
9
9
The quotient is r 3 r 9
.
2x 2 x2 x x x
2m2 3m 7
x 1 1 1 8. 2m 34m3 0m2 5m 21
x 1 1 1 ()4m3 6m2
6m2 5m
() 6m2 9m
14m 21
The width of the array, 2x 2, is the quotient. ()14m 21
0
5. You cannot do it. There is a remainder.
The quotient is 2m2 3m 7.
b2
Page 669 Check for Understanding 9. 2b 12b2 3b 5
()2b2 b
1. Test each divisor to see which divisors give a
4b 5
remainder of 0.
()4b 2
2x 15 2x 3 3
a. x 32x2 9x 9 b. x 32x2 9x 9 3
The quotient is b 2 2b 1.
()2x2 6x ()2x2 6x
15x 9 3x 9 10. Let p 0.75.
()15x 45 ()3x 9 C
120,000(0.75)
1 0.75
54 0
360,000
x3 x6 The company will have to pay $360,000.
c. 2x 32x2 9x 9 d. 2x 32x2 9x 9
()2x2 3x ()2x2 3x
6x 9 12x 9 Pages 669–671 Practice and Apply
()6x 9 ()12x 18
2 x2 9x 7
0 27 11. (x 9x 7) 3x 3x
x2 9x 7
Therefore, b and c are the divisors that give a 3x
3x
3x
remainder of 0. x 7
3
3 3x
2. Sample answer: A remainder of zero means that
a2 7a 28
the divisor is a factor of the dividend. 12. (a2 7a 28) 7a 7a
3. Sample answer: x3 2x2 8; x3 2x2 0x 8
a2 7a 28
7a 7a
7a
4x3 2x2 5
4. (4x3 2x2 5) 2x 2x
a
1a
4
7
4x3 2x2 5
2x 9s3t2 15s2t 24t3 9s3t2 15s2t 24t3
2x 2x 13. 3s2t2
3s2t2
3s2t2
3s2t2
2x2 x
4x 3 2x2 5
2x
3 5 8t
2x 2x 9s3t2 15s2t 24t3
1 1 3s2t2 3s2t2
3s2t2
5 1 t s2
2x2 x 2x 5 8t
3 t
s2
561 Chapter 12
12a3b 16ab3 8ab 12a3b 16ab3 8ab 6n 3

14. 4ab
4ab 4ab 4ab 24. 2n 512n2 36n 15
3a2 4b2 2
12a3b 16ab3 8ab ()12n2 30n
4ab
4ab
1
4ab
1 1
6n 15
()6n 15
3a2 4b2 2
0
x4 x8
The quotient is 6n 3.
15. x 5x2 9x 20 16. x 2x2 6x 16
()x2 5x ()x2 2x 3x2 2x 3
4x 20 8x 16 25. x 2 8x2 x 7
3x3
()4x 20 ()8x 16 () 3x 6x2
3
0 0 2x2 x
The quotient is x 4. The quotient is x 8. () 2x2 4x
n7 s2 3x 7
17. n 5n2 2n 35 18. s 9s2 11s 18 () 3x 6
()n2 5n ()s2 9s 1
1
7n 35 2s 18 The quotient is 3x2 2x 3 x 2
.
()7n 35 ()2s 18
5b2 3b 1
0 0
26. 4b 27b2 13b 3
3 20b3
The quotient is n 7. The quotient is s 2. () 20b3 15b2
z9 12b2 13b
19. z 7z2 2z 30 () 12b2 9b
()z2 7z 4b 3
9z 30 () 4b 3
()9z 63 0
33 The quotient is 5b2 3b 1.
33
The quotient is z 9 z 7. 3x2
27. 2x 36x3 9x2 0x 6
a7
() 6x3 9x2
20. a 3a2 4a 22
6
()a2 3a
6
7a 22 The quotient is 3x2 2x 3.
()7a 21
3g2 2g 3
1
28. 3g 0g2 5g
29g3 8
1
The quotient is a 7 a 3
. () 9g 6g2
3
6g2 5g
2r 7
() 6g2 4g
21. r 52r2 3r 35
9g 8
()2r2 10r
() 9g 6
7r 35
2
()7r 35
2
0 The quotient is 3g2 2g 3 3g 2
.
The quotient is 2r 7. 3n2 2n 3
3p 2 29. 2n 36n3 5n2 0n 12
22. p 63p2 20p 11 () 6n3 9n2
()3p2 18p 4n2 0n
2p 11 () 4n2 6n
()2p 12 6n 12
1 () 6n 9
1 3
The quotient is 3p 2 p 6.
3
t6 The quotient is 3n2 2n 3 2n 3
.
23. 3t 43t2 14t 24 t2 4t 1
()3t2 4t 30. 4t 14t3
17t2 0t 1
18t 24 () 4t3
t2
()18t 24 16t2 0t
0 () 16t2 4t
The quotient is t 6. 4t 1
() 4t 1
0
The quotient is t2 4t 1.
Chapter 12 562
31. Let W 150 and L 60. 37. 20

W(L x) 150(60 x) 18
x
x
16
32. Let W 210 pounds, L 6 12 72 inches, and
Density (g/cm3)
14
x 20 inches.
12
W(L x) 210(72 20)
x
20
10
546 8
6
He could lift a 546-lb rock.
4
33. Perimeter of bedroom 14(12) 12(12) 14(12)
2
12(12) 34.5 34.5
42 42 0
Aluminum
Gold
Silver
Steel
Iron
Copper
Blood
Lead
Brass
Concrete
471 inches
Convert 471 inches into yards and divide by 5.
1 yd
471 in. 36 in.
5 yd
2.62
38. The densities are clustered around 9.
roll
39. Find the area of the base using the formula
Therefore, Anoki needs to buy 3 rolls of border.
V Bh.
1d64 2
C
34. s 2 10w3 23w2 5w 2 B(2w 1)
(10w3 23w2 5w 2) B(2w 1)
64 10w3 23w2 5w 2
s C d2 B
2w 1
64C
s d2
9w 15w2 2
2w 110w3 23w2 5w 2
35. Size 10-inch 14-inch 18-inch () 10w3 5w2
Price $4.99 $8.99 $12.99 18w2 5w
Number of slices 5 10 16 () 18w2 9w
4w 2
Cost per slice $1.02 $0.93 $0.82
() 4w 2
$4.99 $8.99 0
1 2 1(14)
64 2
10-inch: $1.02 14-inch: $0.93
(10) 2 2
Area of the base: 5w2 9w 2
64 1
$12.99 The area of a triangle is equal to 2bh.
1(18)
64 2
18-inch: 2 $0.82 5w2 9w 2 2 b(5w 1)
1
1
2(5w2 9w 2) 2 2 b(5w 1)
The 18-inch pizza offers the best price per slice.
10w2 18w 4
36.
mass
density 5w 1
b
volume
4.15
Al 1.54 2.69 g/cm3 2w 4
5w 110w2 18w 4
2.32
gold 0.12 19.33 g/cm3 () 10w2 2w
6.30
silver 0.60 10.5 g/cm3 20w 4
() 20w 4
7.80
steel 1 7.8 g/cm3 0
15.20
iron 1.95 7.79 g/cm3 The base is 2w 4.
x2 7x 12 (x 4) (x 3)
2.48
copper 0.28 8.86 g/cm3 40. x k
(x k)
4.35 In order for the quotient to have no remainder, k
blood 4.10 1.06 g/cm3
must be either 3 or 4.
11.30
lead 1 11.3 g/cm3 x5
41.
17.90
brass 2.08 8.61 g/cm3 x 2x2 7x k
() x2 2x
40
concrete 20 2 g/cm3 5x k
() 5x 10
k 10 2
In order for the quotient to have a remainder of 2,
k 10 2. The value of k is 12.
563 Chapter 12
x9 51. 172 132 262 2 242 2

42.
x 7x2 2x k 612 412
() x2 7x
(6 4) 12
9x k
1012
() 9x 63
52. 112 118 148 222 3 232 2 242 3
k 63 0
213 312 413
In order for the quotient to have a remainder of 0,
(2 4) 13 312
k 63 0. The value of k is 63.
613 312
43. Sample answer: Division can be used to find the
number of pieces of fabric available when you 53. d2 3d 40 d2 8d 5d 40
divide a large piece of fabric into smaller pieces. (d2 8d) (5d 40)
Answers should include the following. d(d 8) 5(d 8)
(d 8) (d 5)
• The two expressions are equivalent. If you use
the Distributive Property, you can separate 54. x2 8x 16 x2 4x 4x 16
the numerator into two expressions with the (x2 4x) (4x 16)
same denominator. x(x 4) 4(x 4)
• When you simplify the right side of the (x 4) 2
equation, the numerator is a b and the 55. This polynomial is prime since t2 t 1 cannot
denominator is c. This is the same as the be factored.
expression on the left. 56. Solve for x.
44. D; A w 6x 11 150
m2 4m 32 (m 4) 6x 139
m8 x 23 boxes
m 4m2 4m 32 The greatest number of cards Mr. Martinez can
() m2 4m have printed is 23 100 or 2300 cards.
8m 32 57. (6n2 6n 10m3 ) (5n 6m3 )
() 8m 32 [10m3 (6m3 ) ] 6n2 [ 6n 5n ]
0 4m3 6n2 n
x2 3x 14 58. (3x2 4xy 2y2 ) (x2 9xy 4y2 )
45. B; x 0x2 5x 20
3x3 (3x2 x2 ) (4xy 9xy) (2y2 4y2 )
() x 3x2
3
4x2 13xy 2y2
3x2 5x
() 3x2 9x 59. (a3 b3 ) (3a3 2a2b b2 2b3 )
14x 20 [ a3 (3a3 ) ] 2a2b b2 [b3 (2b3 ) ]
() 14x 42 2a3 2a2b b2 3b3
22 60. (2g3 6h) (4g2 8h) 2g3 4g2 [ 6h (8h) ]
The quotient is x2 3x 14
22
. 2g3 4g2 2h
x 3
Page 671 Maintain Your Skills 12-6 Rational Expressions with Like
46.
2
x 5x 6 x 2
x2 x x2 x
2
x 5x 6

2
x x 20 Denominators
x2 x 12 20 12 x 2
1 1

(x 3 ) (x 2 )

(x 5) (x 4) Page 674 Check for Understanding
(x 4 ) (x 3 ) x 2 x 6 x 4
1 1 1 1. Sample answer: x 2
x 2
1.
x5
2. Sample answer: When you add rational
m2 m 6 m2 m 2 m2 m 6 m 2 9m 20
47. m 2 8m 15
m 2 9m 20
m 2 8m 15
m2 m 2 expressions with like denominators, you combine
1 1 1 the numerators and keep the common
(m 3 ) (m 2 ) (m 5 ) (m 4 )
(m 5 ) (m 3 )
(m 2 ) (m 1 ) denominator. This is the same process as adding
1 1 1
m 4 fractions with like denominators.
m 1
3. Sample answer: Two rational expressions whose
b2 19b 84 b2 9
1
(b 12 ) (b 7)
1
(b 3 ) (b 3 )
1
sum is 0 are additive inverses, while two rational
48. b 3
b2 15b 36 b 3
(b 12 ) (b 3 ) expressions whose difference is 0 are equivalent
1 1 1
b7 expressions.
1 1 1 4. Russell; sample answer: Ginger factored
z2 16z 39 z 5 (z 13 ) (z 3 ) z 5
49. z2 9z 18
z2 18z 65 (z 6) (z 3 )
(z 5 ) (z 13 ) incorrectly in the next-to-last step of her work.
1 1 1
a 2 a 2 a 2 a 2
z6
1 5. 4
4
4
2a
50. 317 17 (3 1) 17 4
217
a
2
Chapter 12 564
3x 3 3x 3 2a 3 a 2
2a 3 a 2
6. x 1
x 1
x 1
23. a 4
a 4

a 4
3(x 1) 3a 1
x 1
a4
3 5s 1 3s 2 5s 1 3s 2
24. 2s 1
2s 1 2s 1
2 n 1 2 n 1
7. n 1
n1
n 1
8s 1
2s 1
3 n
n1 25.
9b 3 5b 4
2b 6
9b 3 5b 4
2b 6 2b 6
4t 1 2t 3 4t 1 2t 3
8. 1 4t
1 4t 1 4t
14b 7
2b 6
6t 2
1 4t 26.
12x 7 9x 5 12x 7 9x 5
2 3x 3x 2 (3x 2)
3x 2
5a 7a 5a 7a 7 4 7 4
9. 12
12 12 10. n 3 n 3 n 3
12x 7 9x 5
3x 2 3x 2
2a 3
12 (12x 7) (9x 5)
n 3 3x 2
a
6 12x 7 9x 5
3x 2
3m 6 3m 6
11. 2 m m 2 (m 2) 3x 2
m 2 3x 2
3m 6
m2m2 1
3m 6 11x 5 11x 12 11x 5 11x 12
m2 27.
2x 5 2x 5 2x 5
2 2 2 2
x y x y 22x 7
12. x y
x y
x y
2x 5
(x y) (x y) 5x 3x 4n 2n
(x y) 28.
5x

3x

4n
29. 3 3
2n

7 7 7 3
xy 7
2x

2n
number of students absent 45 29 10 12 3
13. x 4 x 2 (x 4) (x 2)
total number of students 960 30. 5
5 5
96
x 4 x 2
960 5
1
2
10 5
a 5 a 3 (a 5) (a 3)
31. 6
6
6
Pages 675–676 Practice and Apply a 5 a 3
m 2m m 2m 12z 5z 12z (5z)
6
14. 3
3
3
15. 7
7
7 2
3m 12z 5z
6
3
7 1
7z
3
m 7 2 5 2 5
32. x x
z x 7 x 7 7 7
2 5
x 3 x 2 x 3 x 2
16. 5
5
5
x 7
7
2x 5
5
x 7
4 6 4 6
n 7 n 5 n 7 n 5 33. z2z2
17. 2
2
2
z 2 z 2
10
2n 2 z2
2
5 3x 5 3x
2(n 1) 34. 3x 5
2
3x 5 3x 5
(3x 5)
n1 3x 5
18.
2y

6

2y 6
19.
3r
r
15

3r 15 1
y 3 y 3 y 3 r 5 5 r 5
4 7m 4 7m
2(y 3) 3(r 5) 35. 7m 2 7m 2
y 3
r 5
7m 2
2x 2x 2x 2x
2 3 36. x 2
2 x x 2 (x 2)
2x 2x
20.
k 5
k1
4 k 5 4 x2x2
k 1 k 1
4x

k 1 x2
k 1
5y 5y 5y 5y
1 37. y 3
3 y y 3 (y 3)
n 2 1 n 2 (1) 5y 5y
21. n 3
n 3
n 3
y3y3
n 3 5y 5y
n 3
y3
4x 5 x 3 4x 5 x 3 10y
22. y3
x 2 x 2 x 2
5x 2
x 2
565 Chapter 12
8 6t 8 6t 47. For figure a:

14x 22
38. 3t 4
3t 4
3t 4

2(3t 4) area
3t 4
x2
2 16
15x 3 15x 3
39. 5x 5x 5x 1 perimeter x
116x 2
5x 1 1 1
2
15x 3
5x 1
3(5x 1) ratio
x
5x 1 x
3 16
10a 12 12 For figure b:
13x 216x 2
6a 10a 6a
40. 2a 6
6 2a
62a
(2a 6)
12
10a 6a area
62a
2a 6
12 6a x2

10a 18
2a 6
16a 12 perimeter x
118x 2
2a 6
2
2(8a 6)
2(a 3)
ratio
8a 6 x
a3 x
18
b 15 3b 8 (b 15) (3b 8)
41. 2b 12
2b 12
2b 12 For figure c:
1 21 2
b 15 3b 8
2b 12 area 2
1 3x 4x
1 21 2
12 12
4b 23
2b 12
1 x x
2 4 3
42. 80 years or older: 8,634,000 61,000 x2
total population: 77,525,000 79,112,000 24
68,699,000 35,786,000 perimeter x
8,634,000 61,000
124x 2
2
8,695
ratio
269,817 x
x
43.
140 20 20

180 24
n 2n 3n
60 48. Figure a has the greatest ratio since it has the
n smallest number in the denominator.
The fraction of the trees that could be planted on 49. Put the numbers in the same form.
60
Monday, Tuesday, and Saturday is n . 3 3 3 3
1 a. 2 x
x 2
c. 2 x x 2
44. The area of a trapezoid is equal to 2h(b b )
1 2 3 3 3 3
1
and the area of a triangle is 2bh. b. x 2
x 2
d. x 2
x 2
fraction of walls painted red Number c is not equivalent to the others.

area of one wall area of trapezoid area of triangle 50. Sample answer: Since any rational number can be

1 2 1 2
area of one wall expressed as a fraction, values on graphs can be
1 1
(25 10) 2 (10)(20 5) 2 (15)(10) written as rational expressions for clarification.
25 10
250 125 75 • The numbers in the graphic are percents that
250 can be written as rational expressions with a
50 1 denominator of 100.
250
or 5
45. There are 2 points in a quart and 4 quarts in a • To add the rational expressions, factor 1 out
gallon. of either denominator so that it is like the
12(1 qt) 4(1 pt) 121 ptqt 22 14gal

other.
1 ft3
k 2 3 k 2 3
7.48 gal qt 51. A; k 7 k 7
k 7
3
1 ft 1 gal k 1
7.48 gal (2 qt 2 qt) 4 qt k 7
52. B; perimeter of rectangle ABCD 2 1 2r 9r

6s 2
2 1 2r 6s 2
1 ft 3 1 1gal
7.48 gal (4 qt ) 4 qt 5r
1
9r 5r
1
7.48 ft3 r 3s
r 3s
9r 5r
62.4 lb 1
46. ft3
7.48 ft3 8.3 lb r 3s
14r
r 3s
Chapter 12 566
Page 677 Maintain Your Skills 66. 45 3 3 5 67. 55

10 2 5 6 23
x2 2x 3
6 23 15 3 5
53. x 2x3 0x2 7x 6
() x3 2x2 LCM 2 3 3 5 90 LCM 2 3 5 30
2x2 7x 68. 8 222
() 2x2 4x 9 33
3x 6 12 2 2 3
() 3x 6 LCM 2 2 2 3 3 72
0 69. 16 2 2 2 2
The quotient is x2 2x 3. 20 2 2 5
25 5 5
8x2 9
54. 7x 456x3 32x2 63x 36 LCM 2 2 2 2 5 5 400
() 56x3 32x2 70. 36 2 2 3 3
63x 36 48 2 2 2 2 3
() 63x 36 60 2 2 3 5
0 LCM 2 2 2 2 3 3 5 720
The quotient is 8x2 9. 71. 9 33
16 2 2 2 2
b2 9 b2 9 1
55. 4b
(b 3) 4b
b 3 24 2 2 2 3
1 LCM 2 2 2 2 3 3 144
(b 3) (b 3 ) 1
4b
b 3
1
b 3
4b Page 677 Practice Quiz 2
x x2 x x2 5x 6 a 11 a 3
56. x 2
x2 5x 6
x 2
x2 1.
a

a
a 3 a 11
a 3 a 3
1 1 1
x (x 3) (x 2 ) a a 3
x 2
x2 a 3 a 11
1 x 1
x 3 a
a 11
x
4z 8 4z 8 1
57. a2 9a 14 a2 7a 2a 14 2. z 3
(z 2)
z 3 z 2
a(a 7) 2(a 7) 4(z 2) 1
z 2
(a 2)(a 7) z 3
1
58. p2 p 30 p2 6p 5p 30
4(z 2 )
z 2
1
z 3
p( p 6) 5( p 6) 1
( p 5)( p 6) z3
4
59. y2 11yz 28z2 y2 7yz 4yz 28z2 (2x 1) (x 2) (2x 1) (x 5) (2x 1) (x 2) (x 3) (x 1)

3. (2x
y(y 7z) 4z(y 7z) (x 2) (x 3) (x 3) (x 1) (x 2) (x 3) 1) (x 5)
(y 4z) (y 7z)
1 1 1
(2x 1 ) (x 2 ) (x 3 ) (x 1)
(x 2 ) (x 3 )
(2x 1 ) (x 5)
60. (3x2 4x) (7 9x) (3x2 4x) (7 9x) x 1
1 1 1
x
3x2 (4x 9x) 7 5
9xy2
3x2 5x 7 4. (9xy2 15xy 3) 3xy
15xy
3xy
3
3xy 3xy
61. (5x2 6x 14) (2x2 3x 8) 3y 5 xy
1
(5x2 2x2 ) (6x 3x) (14 8)

x5
7x2 3x 22
5. 2x 32x2 7x 16
62. 1 foot 12 inches () 2x2 3x
riser 8 2
tread
12 3 10x 16
63. 4 22 () 10x 15
9 33 1
1
12 2 2 3 The quotient is x 5 2x 3.
LCM 2 2 3 3 36 y 15
64. 77 6. y 4y2 19y 9
21 7 3 () y2 4y
55 15y 9
LCM 3 5 7 105 () 15y 60
65. 6 23 51
51
12 2 2 3 The quotient is y 15 y 4
.
24 2 2 2 3
LCM 2 2 2 3 24
567 Chapter 12
2 5 2 5 9. The LCD is (y 5)(y 5).

7. x 7
x 7

x 7
2y y 5 2y y 5 y 5
x7
7
y2 25
y 5
y2 25 y 5
y 5
2y y2 10y 25
8.
2m

6 2m
m3m3
6 (y 5) (y 5)
(y 5) (y 5)
m 3 m 3
2m 6 2y y2 10y 25
m3 (y 5) (y 5)
2(m 3) y2 12y 25
m3 (y 5) (y 5)
2 10. The LCD is (a 3)(a 1).
5x 1 2x 1 (5x 1) (2x 1) a 2 6 a 2 6 a 1
9. a2 4a 3
a 3 a2 4a 3 a 3 a 1
3x 2 3x 2 3x 2
5x 1 2x 1 a 2 6(a 1)
(a 3) (a 1)
(a 3) (a 1)
3x 2
a 2 6a 6

3x

1 2
3x 2 (a 3) (a 1)
7a 8
10. Circumference of record 2r 2
3
34 in. (a 3) (a 1)
1 2
3 1
11. The LCD is 12w2.
2 34 in. 333 revolutions 3z z 3z 2 z 3w

16.5 minutes
6w2
4w 6w2 2 4w 3w
1 revolution 1 minute 1
6z 3wz
4125 or about 12,959 in. 12w2 12w2
6z 3wz
12w2
3(2z wz)

12-7 Rational Expressions with Unlike 12w2
2z wz
Denominators 4w2
12. The LCD is 2(a 3).
Page 681 Check for Understanding 4a
a
3
2a
4a 3
a 32
2
1. Sample answer: To find the LCD, determine the 2a 6 3 6
4a 6
least common multiple of all of the factors of the 2a 6
2(a 3)
denominators. 4a 6
2(a 3)
2. Sample answer: Multiply both the numerator and
2(2a 3)
denominator by factors necessary to form the 2(a 3)
LCD. 2a 3
a 3
x 5
3. Sample answer: ,
2x 6 x 3 13. The LCD is (b 4)(b 4).
5a2 5 a a b 8 1 b 8 1 b 4
4.
b2 16
b 4
b2 16 b 4 b 4
7a 7 a b 8 b 4
b2 16
LCM 5 7 a a 35a2 (b 4) (b 4)
b 8 (b 4)
5. 2x 4 2(x 2) (b 4) (b 4)
3x 6 3(x 2)
b 8 b 4
(b 4) (b 4)
LCM (2 3)(x 2) 6(x 2) 4

6. n2 3n 4 (n 4)(n 1) (b 4) (b 4)
(n 1) 2 (n 1)(n 1) 14. The LCD is (x 2)(x 5).

x 3 x x 5 3
LCM (n 1)(n 1)(n 4) or (n 1)2(n 4) x 2
x2 3x 10
x 2
x 5
x2 3x 10
7. The LCD is 10x2.
x2 5x

3
(x 2) (x 5) (x 2) (x 5)
6 7 6 2x 7
10x2 x2 5x 3
5x 10x2 5x 2x (x 2) (x 5)
12x 7
10x2
10x2 15. C; The LCD is ( y 4)( y 3).
12x 7
10x2
2y
y
y 2
y2 7y
2y
y
y 2
y
y 3
y2 7y 12 4 12 4 3
8. The LCD is (a 4)(a 4). 2y y2 5y 6
a 4 a a 4 4 a 4
y2 7y 12
(y 4) (y 3)
a 4
a 4
a 4
a 4 a 4
a 4
2y y2 5y 6
a 4a 2
4a 16
(y 4) (y 3)
(a 4) (a 4)
(a 4) (a 4) y2 7y 6
2
a 4a 4a 16
(y 4) (y 3)
(a 4) (a 4)
a2 8a 16
(a 4) (a 4)
16. a2b a a b
ab3 a b b b
LCM a a b b b a2b3
Chapter 12 568
17. 7xy 7 x y 30. The LCD is 3(x 3).
21x2y 3 7 x x y 5
x
3
3x
5 3
x 33
3
3x 9 3 9
LCM 3 7 x x y 21x2y 5 9
3x 9
18. LCM (x 4)(x 2) 3x 9
5 9
19. LCM (2n 5)(n 2) 3(x 3)
20. x2 5x 14 (x 7)(x 2)
14
3(x 3)
(x 2) 2 (x 2)(x 2) 31. The LCD is 3(3m 2).
LCM (x 7)(x 2)(x 2) or (x 7)(x 2)2 m 2 m 3 2
3m 2
9m 6
3m
2 3
9m 6
21. p2 5p 6 (p 6)(p 1) 3m 2
LCM (p 6)(p 1) 3(3m 2)
3(3m 2)
22. The LCD is x2. 23. The LCD is a3.
3m 2
3(3m 2)
3 5 3 5 x 2 7 2 7 a
x2
x
x2 x x a3
a2 a3 a2 a
1
3
3 5x 2 7a
x2 x2
a3 a3 32. The LCD is (a 5)(a 5).
3 5x 2 7a 3 5 3 5
x2
a3 5 a
a2 25 (a 5) a2 25
24. The LCD is 6a2. 3 a 5
a 5 a 5 a2 25
5
7 5 7 5 2a
6a2
3a
6a2
3a 2a
3a 15 5
(a 5) (a 5)
7 10a
6a2
6a2
3a 20
(a 5) (a 5)
7 10a
6a2 33. The LCD is (y 3)(y 3).
25. The LCD is 35m2. 18
3
7 18
y2 9 (y
7
y2 9 y 3)
3 4 3 5m 4 7
5m2 7 18 7 y 3
7m 5m2 7m 5m y2 9 y 3
y 3
15m 28
35m2
35m2 18 7y 21
15m 28
y2 9 (y 3) (y 3)
35m2 7y 39

26. The LCD is (x 5)(x 4). (y 3) (y 3)
3
x
4
x
3

x 4 4 x 5
x 4x 5 34. The LCD is (x 1)2.
x 5 4 5 x 4
x 1 x 1 x 1
3x 12 4x 20 x x2 2x x
(x 5) (x 4)
(x 4) (x 5) x2 2x 1 1 1 1 x 1
x x 1
3x 12 4x 20 x2 2x 1
(x 1) 2
(x 5) (x 4) x x 1
7x 8 (x 1) 2
(x 5) (x 4) 2x 1

27. The LCD is (n 4)(n 3). (x 1) 2
n
n
3
n
n n 3
n n
3
n
n 4 35. The LCD is (x 4)(x 1)2.
n 4 3 4 3 3 4
2x 1 x 2
n2 3n 3n 12 (x 1) 2
x2 3x 4
(n 4) (n 3)
(n 4) (n 3) 2x 1 x 4 x 2 x 1
n2 3n 3n 12
(x 1) 2 x 4 (x 4) (x 1) x 1
(n 4) (n 3) 2x2 9x 4 x2 3x 2
n2 12
(x 1) 2 (x 4)
(x 1) 2 (x 4)
(n 4) (n 3) 2x2 9x 4 x2 3x 2

28. The LCD is (a 5)(a 2). (x 1) 2 (x 4)
a 2 a 5 3x2 6x 6
7a a
a 2 a 5a
7a a
a 2a 5 (x 1) 2 (x 4)
a 5 2

7a2 14a

a2 5a 36. The LCD is (2x 3)(2x 3)2.
(a 5) (a 2) (a 5) (a 2)
x2 x x2 2x 3 x 2x 3
7a2 14a a2 5a 4x2 2x 2x
(a 5) (a 2)
4x2 9 (2x 3) 2 9 3 (2x 3) 2 3
2x3 3x2 2x2 3x
8a2 9a
(a 5) (a 2)
(4x2 9) (2x 3) (2x 3) 2 (2x 3)
2x3 3x2 2x2 3x
29. The LCD is (x 3)(x 1). (2x 3) (2x 3) 2
6x x 6x x 1 x x 3 2x3 5x2 3x
x 3
x 1
x 3
x 1
x 1
x 3 (2x 3) (2x 3) 2
6x2 6x x2 3x
37. The LCD is (a b)(a b)2.
(x 3) (x 1) (x 3) (x 1)
a2 a a2 a b a a b

6x2 6x x2 3x
a2 b2
(a b) 2
a2 b2 a b (a b) 2
a b
(x 3) (x 1)
7x2 3x a3 a2b a2 ab
(a2 b2 ) (a b)
(a b) 2 (a b)
(x 3) (x 1)
a3 a2b a2 ab
(a b) 2 (a b)
569 Chapter 12
38. The LCD is 6x2. 46. The LCD is x(x 5).
2x 3x 2x 3x(x)
7

3

7(2x) 3
6x2 x2 5x
x 5
x2 5x (x 5) (x)
3x 6x2 3x(2x)
14x 3 2x 3x2
6x2
6x2 x2 5x x2 5x
14x 3 2x 3x2
6x2 x2 5x
39. The LCD is 15x2.
x(2 3x)
4 5 4 5(5x) x(x 5)
3x 15x2 3x(5x) 2 3x
15x2 x 5
4 25x
15x2 47. The LCD is a(a 6).
40. The LCD is 6y2. 3 6
a2 6a
3(a) 6
a2 6a
11x 7x 11x(2) 7x(y) a 6 (a 6) (a)
6y(y) 3a 6 3a 6
3y2 6y 3y2 (2) a2 6a
or a(a 6)
22x 7xy
6y2
6y2 48. The LCD is (n 5)(n 5).
22x 7xy
6y2
n 3
n2 25 1(n
n 3
n2 25
5 n 5)
41. The LCD is 21x2.
n(n 5) 3
n2 25
5a 3a 5a(3x) 3a (n 5) (n 5)
7x
21x2 7x(3x)
21x2 n2 5n 3
(n 5) (n 5)
15ax 3a
21x2
21x2 49. The LCD is 3(a 2)(a 2).
15ax 3a 3a 2 a 2 3a 2 a 2
21x2 a2 4 3(a a2 4
6 3a 2)
3(5ax a) 3a 2(a 2) (a 2) (3)
3(7x2 ) (a2 4) (3)
3(a 2) (a 2)
5ax a
7x2 3(a
3a2 8a 4 3a 6
3(a 2) (a
2) (a 2) 2)
42. The LCD is (x 1)(x 1). 3a2 8a 4 3a 6
3(a 2) (a 2)
x2 1 x2 1 (x2 1) (x 1) (x2 1) (x 1)
x 1
x 1
(x 1) (x 1)
(x 1) (x 1) 3a2 11a 10
3(a 2) (a 2)
x3 x2 x 1 x3 x2 x 1
(x 1) (x 1)
(x 1) (x 1) (3a 5) (a 2)
3(a 2) (a 2)
x3 x2 x 1 x3 x2 x 1
3a 5
(x 1) (x 1) 3(a 2)
2x2 2x
(x 1) (x 1) 50. The LCD is (x 2)2(x 1).
2x(x 1) 3x 3x 6 3x 3x 6
x2 3x 2
x2 4x 4 (x 2) (x 1)
(x 2) 2
(x 1) (x 1)
3x(x 2) (3x 6) (x 1)
2x
x 1
(x 2) (x 1) (x 2) (x 2) 2 (x 1)
3x2 6x 3x2 3x 6
43. The LCD is (k 5)(k 3). (x 2) 2 (x 1)
(x 2) 2 (x 1)
k 3 k(k 3) 3(k 5)
k 5
k3 (k 5) (k 3)
(k 3) (k 5)
3x2 6x 3x2 3x 6
(x 2) 2 (x 1)
k2 3k 3k 15 9x 6
(k 5) (k 3)
(x 2) 2 (x 1)
k2 6k 15 51. The LCD is (a 1)(a 1)(a 4).

(k 5) (k 3) 5a a 1
a2 1
44. The LCD is (2k 1)(k 2). a2 3a 4
5a a 1
k
k
2

k(k 2)

2(2k 1) (a 4) (a 1) (a 1) (a 1)
2k 1 2 (2k 1) (k 2) (k 2) (2k 1)
5a(a 1) (a 1) (a 4)
k2 2k 4k 2 (a 4) (a 1) (a 1) (a 1) (a 1) (a 4)
(2k 1) (k 2)
(k 2) (2k 1)
5a2 5a a2 3a 4
k2 2k 4k 2
(k 2) (2k 1)
(a 4) (a 1) (a 1) (a 4) (a 1) (a 1)
5a2 5a a2 3a 4
k2 2k 2
(2k 1) (k 2)
(a 4) (a 1) (a 1)
4a2 2a 4
45. The LCD is (m 1)(2m 5). (a 4) (a 1) (a 1)
m 1 4 (m 1) (2m 5) 4(m 1) 52. The LCD is (x 3)(x 1).
m 1
2m 5 (m 1) (2m 5)
(2m 5) (m 1)
x2 4x 5 2 x2 4x 5 2(x 3)

2
2m 3m 5

4m 4
x2 2x 3
x 1
(x 3) (x 1)
(x 1) (x 3)
(m 1) (2m 5) (2m 5) (m 1)
x2 4x 5 2x 6

2m2 3m 5 4m 4 (x 3) (x 1)
(m 1) (2m 5)
x2 2x 1

2m2 m 9 (x 3) (x 1)
(m 1) (2m 5)
(x 1) 2
(x 3) (x 1)
x 1
x 3
Chapter 12 570
53. The LCD is (m 4)2(m 4). 60. D; a2 2ab b2 (a b)(a b)
m 4

m 4 a2 b2 (a b)(a b)
m2 8m 16 m 4
m 4(m 4) (m 4) (m 4) 2
The LCD is (a b)(a b)(a b) or
(m 4) 2 (m 4)
(m 4) (m 4) 2 (a b)2 (a b).

m2 8m 16

m3 12m2 48m 64 61. C; The LCD is (x 3)(x 2)2.
(m 4) 2 (m 4) (m 4) 2 (m 4)
x 4 x 5 (x 4) (x 3) (x 5) (x 2)
m2 8m 16 m3 12m2 48m 64 (2 x) 2
x2 x 6
(x 2) 2 (x 3)
(x 3) (x 2) (x 2)
(m 4) 2 (m 4)
x2 x 12 x2 7x 10
m3 11m2 56m 48 (x 2) 2 (x 3)
(x 3) (x 2) 2
(m 4) 2 (m 4) x2 x 12 x2 7x 10
(x 3) (x 2) 2
54. Find the LCM of 2, 3, and 4.
6x 22
22 (x 3) (x 2) 2
33
4 22
The LCM is 2 2 3 or 12. Page 683 Maintain Your Skills
3m 3 3m 3
The least number of students is 12. 62. 2m 1
2m 1 2m 1
55. Find the number of miles each girl walks in an 4x 5 4x 5
63. 2x 3
2x 3 2x
hour. 3
2y 5 2y 5
Maya :
60 minutes
1 mile 5 miles 64. y 3
3 y
y 3
(y 3)
12 minutes
2y 5
Makalla :
60 minutes
1 mile 4 miles y 3
y3
15 minutes
2y 5
Monya :
60 minutes
1 mile 3 miles y 3
20 minutes
2
Total miles 5 4 3 12 miles b 8b 20 (b 10) (b 2)
65. b 2
b 2
The amount of money raised is 12 $2.50 or $30. b 10
1 bag x
56. first dog : 12 days
7 days t2 4t 3
7 12x 66. t 4t3 0t2 19t 9
7 () t3 4t2
x
12 4t2 19t
second dog :
1 bag x
7 days () 4t2 16t
15 days
3t 9
7 15x
() 3t 12
7
15
x 3
3
third dog :
1 bag

x The quotient is t2 4t 3 t 4
.
16 days days
7 16x 2m 3
7 67. 2m 74m2 8m 19
x
16 () 4m2 14m
7 7 7
total 12
15
16 1.4875 6m 19
Therefore, she must buy 2 bags for one week. () 6m 21
2
57. Find the LCM of 3000, 6000, and 15,000. 2
3000 2 2 2 3 5 5 5 The quotient is 2m 3 2m 7
.
6000 2 2 2 2 3 5 5 5 68. 2x2 10x 8 (2x2 8x) (2x 8)
15,000 2 2 2 3 5 5 5 5 2x(x 4) 2(x 4)
The LCM is 2 2 2 2 3 5 5 5 5 30,000 (2x 2)(x 4)
Therefore, the car’s odometer would read 2(x 1)(x 4)
36,000 30,000 or 66,000 miles. 69. 5r2 7r 6 5r2 10r 3r 6
58. Sample answer: This method will always work. 5r(r 2) 3(r 2)
a b a y b x (5r 3) (r 2)
x
y
xy yx
70. 16p2 4pq 30q2
ay bx
xy
yx 2(8p2 2pq 15q2 )

ay bx 2(8p2 10pq 12pq 15q2 )
xy
2[ (2p(4p 5q) 3q(4p 5q) ]
59. Sample answer: You can use rational expressions
2(2p 3q)(4p 5q)
and their least common denominators to
determine when elections will coincide. Answers 71. amount spent on entertainment
should include the following. 0.05(1782 525 120 40)
• Use each factor of the denominators the 0.05(1097)
greatest number of times it appears. $54.85
• 2012
571 Chapter 12
x 3x x 5 a2 4a a2 10b2 x y
72. 2 3x 73. 10b2 5b a b x y a2 b2
2 5 5b 4a 9. a b x2 y2
1 x2 y2
x 5 a2 5b2 a2 b2
2 3x 5b 2a x y (a b) (a b)
1
a b a b (x y) (x y)
2 2
5 a 5b
6 5b 2a
1
x y
1
(a b) (a b )
1 1 a b (x y ) (x y)
ab
2
1 1
a b
x 7 x 7 x 7 x 3 x y
74. x
x 3
x
x 7
1 1 1 1
1 7 42 62 84 105

x 7 x 3
x 7 10. Average
x 5
1
140 90 130 165 204

x 3
20
20
20
20
20
x
3n 12n2 3n 2n 5
5
75. 2n 5
2n 5
2n 5
12n2
729
20
1 1
3n 2n 5 5
2n 5
12n2 729 1
1 4n 20 5

1
4n 29
7100 min
3x 3x 1
76. x 2
(x 1) x 2
x 1
3x
(x 2) (x 1) Pages 687–688 Practice and Apply
x2 7x 12 (x 4) (x 3) 1
77. x 6
(x 3) x 6
x 3 11. 8
3

8(n)
n
3
12. 4 a
5 4(a)
a
5
n n a
1
8n 3 4a 5

(x 4) (x 3 )
x
1 n
a
x 6 3
1
x 2x(y) x 2z 6z(w) 2z
x 4 13. 2x y y 14. 6z w
x 6
y w w
2xy x 6wz 2z
y
w
4 m 2m(m) 4 m
Mixed Expressions and 15. 2m
12-8 m m m
Complex Fractions
2m2 4 m
m
or
2m2 m 4
m
a 1 3a(2a) a 1
Pages 686–687 Check for Understanding 16. 3a 2a
2a
2a
1. Sample answer: Both mixed numbers and mixed 6a2 a 1
2a
expressions are made up by the sum of an integer
a b b2 (a b) a b
or a monomial and a fraction or rational 17. b2 a b a b a b
expression. b2a b3 a b b3 b2a a b
a b
or a b
2. Sample answer:
r 4 r2 (r 3) r 4
2 18. r2 r 3
r 3
r 3
3 2 5
r3 3r2 r 4
5 3 6 r 3
6
n 3 n 3
2
35
6
19. 5n2 n2 9
5n 2
(n 3) (n 3)
4 5n2 (n 3)
5 n
1
n 3 3
3. Bolton; Lian omitted the factor (x 1). 5n3 15n2 1
n 3
43(x) 4 5 7(6y) 5
4. 3 x x 5. 7 6y s 1 s 1
x 6y 6y
20. 3s2 s2 1 3s2 (s 1) (s 1)
3x 4 42y 5
x 6y 3s2 (s 1) 1
a 1 a 1 2a(3a) s 1
s 1
6. 3a
2a 3a 3a
3s3 3s2 1
a 1 6a2 s 1
3a x 2 (x 5) (x 3) x 2
6a2 a 1
21. (x 5) x 3
x 3
x 3
3a x2 8x 15 x 2
x3
x 3
1 7
32 2 y2 x3 y3 x2 7x 17
7. 3
19
8. y2 x 3
44 y3 x
4 p 1 (p 4) (p 4) p 1
x
22. ( p 4) p 4
p 4
p4
7 19 x3 x
y2
y3
2 4 p2 16 p 1
p 4
7 4 x4
y5
2 19 p2 p 15
14 p 4
19
Chapter 12 572
3 23 2 58 15 x(x 2) 15
54 4
87 7
xx 2 x 2
x 2
23. 2
23
24. 4
24 33. 20
x(x 1) 20
73 3
45 5
x x 1 (x 1)
(x 1)
23 23 58 24
4
3
7
5 x2 2x 15
x 2
29
23 3 58 5 x2 x 20
4
23
7 24 x 1
12
3 145 x2 2x 15 x2 x 20
4 x 2
x 1
84
a n3 x2 2x 15 x 1
b3 a a2 m2 n3 n2
x 2
x2 x 20
25. b3
26. m2
m2
a2 b n2 1
(x 5 ) (x 3) x 1
b m2 x 2
(x 5 ) (x 4)
a b n3 m2 1
b3
a2 m2
n2 (x 3) (x 1)
(x 2) (x 4)
1 1 n 1
a b n3 m2
b3 a2 m2
n2 nn
35 n(n 12)
n
35
12 n 12 12
b2
1
a 1 1
34. 63
n(n 2) 63
ab2 n n n 2 n 2
n 2
x 4 s3 n2 12n 35
y 2 x 4 x2 t2 s3 s t n 12
27. y y2 28. s t s
x2 2 t2 t n2 2n 63
y2 s t n 2
x 4 y2 s3 s t n2 12n 35 n2 2n 63
y x2 s n 12
n 2
2 t2 t
n2 12n 35 n 2
y2 (x 4)
x2 (y
s3 (s t) n 12
n2 2n 63
2) t2 (s t)
1
y2 1 (n 7 ) (n 5) n 2
n 12
(n 9) (n 7 )
y2 3y 4 y2 1 y 1
29. y2 3y 1
y1 4 1

(n 5) (n 2)
(n 12) (n 9)
y2 1 1
y2 3y
4 y 1 1 b(b) 1
bb b
b
1 1
(y 1 ) (y 1 ) 1 35. 1
a(a) 1

(y 4) (y 1 ) y 1
aa a
a
1 1
1 b2 1
y 4 b

a2 1
a2 2a 3
a
a2 1 2
a 2a 3 a 3
30. b2 1 a2 1
a3 a2 1 1 b
a
a2 2a 3 1
a2 1
a 3
b2 1
a2 1
a
b
1 1
(a 3 ) (a 1 ) 1 a(b2 1)

(a 1) (a 1 ) a 3
b(a2 1)
1 1
14b2c 2
1 4b3
a1
° ¢
2b2 2c 2b2 3
7b3
36. 8c2
n2 2n
5c 7b3 5c
n2 9n 18 2 2 8c2
n 2n n 5n
14b2c 7b8c 2
31. n2 9n 18
n2 n 30
4 4c
n2 5n 2b2 3 2
n2 n 30 5c
3
1 7
n2 2n n2 n 30
n2 9n 18
n2 5n 2b2
1
16c
1 1 1 5c
7
n (n 2) (n 6 ) (n 5 ) 1
(n 6 ) (n 3)
n (n 5 ) 32b2
1 1 1 35
n 2
n 3 5 66 ounces 330
37. number of servings
x2 4x 21 1
52 ounces
11
x2 9x 18 x2 4x 21 x2 3x 28 2
32. x2 9x 18
x2 10x 24 11
x2 3x 28 330 2
x2 10x 24
30
x2 4x 21 x2 10x 24 2
x2 9x 330 11
18 x2 3x 28
1
1 1 1 1
(x 7 ) (x 3 ) (x 6 ) (x 4 ) 30 2

(x 6 ) (x 3 ) (x 7 ) (x 4 )
1 1 1 1
60 servings
1
573 Chapter 12
f a2 a2
38. h a 3
a3
v
1 s a2 a2
a 3
f
0
s

v a 3
s s
f 0
s v 1 1 3a 1 3a 1
s a 3
a 3 3
3 3
3
s v b.
f s b b b b
3a 1 3a 1
s
fs v 3 3

1 2 1 3 12
fs b b
s v 3a 1 3a 1
b b

1 3 b2 1 3 b2
39. Let s 760, v 65, and f 370. 3 1
fs 3a 1 1 3a 1 1
hs v
3a 1 3a 1

370 760 3b
3b
760 65
3a 1 3a 1

281,200 3b
695
2
404.60 cycles /s 3b
0
population of New Jersey population of Alaska
40. land area of New Jersey
land area of Alaska 1
2a 2a 2
1
2
8,414,350
7419 570,374
626,932 c.
b1 1b
1 4a 4a 1

4.799 1012

4,651,208,508
2
2 2
2
4,231,604,706 4,231,604,706
4.794 1012
b1 1b
4,231,604,706 1 4a 4a 1
2 2
1133 people per square mile
b1 1b
1 b 12 1 2 1 b2
2
41. Let P 30 lb/in2 and V 13 ft3. Solve for k. 1 4a 4a 1

1 2 b 12 1 2 1 b2
2
k
PV 1 4a 1 4a 1 1
k
30 2 1 4a 4a 1
13 2b 2
2 2b
1 4a 4a 1
12
30
k 2b 2
(2b 2)
5
1 4a 4a 1
3 2b 2
2b 2
153 2
5 k 1 4a 4a 1
3
(30) (30) 2b 2
8a 2
2b 2
50 k
2(4a 1)
3
Let k 50 and V 4 ft3. Solve for P. 2(b 1)
4a 1
0
12
50 b 1
P 3 Therefore, expression a is equivalent to 0.
4
3 43. Sample answer: Most measurements used in
P 50 4 baking are fractions or mixed numbers, which are
4 examples of rational expressions. Answers should
P 50 3
200
P 3 • You want to find the number of batches of
2
P 66 3 lb/in2 cookies you can make using the 7 cups of flour
you have on hand when a batch requires
42. Simplify all expressions. 1
12 cups of flour.
a a a a
a. 3
3
a 3
3 a • Divide the expression in the numerator of a
1 1 a
a a a a a complex fraction by the expression in the
a a denominator.
a 3

3 a
1 2 1 3 a a 2
a a
a a 3 a
a 1
11 a 3 2 11 3 a 2
1
a a a a
a2 a2
a 3
3a
a2 a2
a 3
(a 3)
Chapter 12 574
44. C; Set up an equation. 7 3 7 3 4
1 2
50. x2
x2 x2
x2
3n
P 4BC 2 n8 x 3 x 3 1
51. (x 3) 2
(x 3) 2
(x 3) 2
x 3
6n
12 4BC n 8 2 t 2 t
6n
52. t2 t 2
t2 t 2
t2 t
2
12 n 8 4BC 2 t
(t 2) (t 1)
12(n 8) 6n
n 8
n8 4BC (t 2)
12n 96 6n
(t 2) (t 1)
n 8
n8 4BC 1
12n 96 6n
t 1
n 8
4BC 2n 8 2n 8
6n 96
53. n2 2n 24
n2 2n 24
n2 2n 24
n 8
4BC 2(n 4)
6n 96 1
(n 6) (n 4)
n 8
4 BC 2
6n 96
n6
4n 32
BC
54. The answer is 100 multiplied by 2 ten times.
6mn 1000 210 1,024,000 bacteria.
5p 6mn 24n2
45. C; 20mp 55. s2 16
24n2 5p
20mp s 116

6mn

20mp s 4 or 4
5p 24n2
m 4m
Check: s2 16

6mn

20mp 42 16 ✓
5p 24n2
1 4n 42 16 ✓
4m2
56. 9p2 64
4n
64
m2 p2
n
9
64
p 3 9
8 8
Page 689 Maintain Your Skills p 3 or 3
46. The LCD is 12y2. Check: 9p2 64
183 22 64 1 8 22 64
12x 8 12x(3) 8(2y)
4y2
6y
4y2 (3)
6y(2y) 9
?
or 9 3
?
9 1 9 2 64 9 1 9 2 64
36x 16y
12y2 12y2 64 ? 64 ?
36x 16y
12y2 64 64 ✓ 64 64 ✓
4(9x 4y) z3 9z 45 5z2
4(3y2 )
57.
9x 4y z3 5z2 9z 45 0
3y2 3 5z2 ) (9z 45) 0
(z
47. The LCD is (a b)(2b 3a). z2 (z 5) 9(z 5) 0
a(2b 3a) b(a b)
a
a b
2b
b
3a
(a b) (2b 3a)
(a b) (2b 3a)
(z 5)(z2 9) 0
2ab 3a2 ab b2 z50 or z2 9 0
(a b) (2b 3a) 5 z2 9

3a2 3ab b2 z 3
(a b) (2b 3a)
The solution set is {5, 3, 3}.
48. The LCD is (3a 2)(a 4)2.
a 3 2a Check: z3 9z 45 5z2
3a2 10a 8
a2 8a 16 ?
(a 3) (a 4) 2a(3a 2)
5 9(5) 45 5(5) 2
3
(3a2 10a 8) (a 4) (a2 8a 16) (3a 2) ?
125 45 45 125

a2 a 12

6a2 4a 80 80 ✓
(3a 2) (a 4) 2 (3a 2) (a 4) 2
or
a2 a 12 6a2 4a
(3a 2) (a 4) 2 z 9z 45 5z2
3
7a2 3a 12 ?
(3a 2) (a 4) 2
33 9(3) 45 5(3) 2
?
49. The LCD is (n 2)2(n 3). 27 27 45 45
n 4 n 5 (n 4) (n 3) (n 5) (n 2) 00✓
(n 2) 2
n2 n 6
(n 2) 2 (n 3)
(n2 n 6) (n 2)
or
n2 n 12 n2 7n 10
(n 2) 2 (n 3)
(n 2) 2 (n 3) z3 9z 45 5z2
?

n2 n 12 n2 7n 10 3 9(3) 45 5(3) 2
3
(n 2) 2 (n 3) ?
27 27 45 45
2n2 8n 2
(n 2) 2 (n 3) 00✓
575 Chapter 12
58. 160,140 16014 105
53,310 5.331 104 12-9 Solving Rational Equations
27,990 2.799 104
22,980 2.298 104 Page 694 Check for Understanding
18,120 1.812 104 1. Sample answer: When you solve the equation,
15,750 1.575 104 n 1. But n 1, so the equation has no solution.
11,190 1.119 104 n
2. 1
10,800 1.08 104 3
amount spent on food 2.799 104 3. The solution of a rational equation can never be
59. amount spent on clothing
1.08 104 zero.
2.59 100 Sample answer:
x
0
4
4
amount spent on housing 5.331 10
60. total amount spent
1.6014 105 4.
2

3
5.
7 5
a3
x x 1 a 1
0.3328 or 33.3% 2(x 1) 3x 7(a 3) 5(a 1)
61. Find the slope of the line containing points 2x 2 3x 7a 21 5a 5
(15, 3.39) and (24, 4.83). x 2 2a 26
m
4.83 3.39 x2 a 13
24 15
3x 3 7x x 1 x 4
6. 2 10 7. x 6
1 2 101 2 1 2 x(6)
1.44
9
5 x
3x 3 7x x 1 x 4
0.16 10 5
2 10
x x
x
Find the equation of the line using (15, 3.39). 6x 15 7x x 1 x 4 6x
y mx b 15 x 2x 5 6x
3.39 0.16(15) b 5 4x
3.39 2.4 b 5
x
4
0.99 b
5 7 1
Let y C and x m. 8. k k1
1 2 k(k 1) 1k 1 1 2
k 1
A linear equation is C 0.16m 0.99 k(k 1)
5
k
7
k 1
62. Let m 9. 5k 7(k 1) k
C 0.16(9) 0.99 5k 7k 7 k
C 1.44 0.99 2k 7 k
C 2.43 7 3k
The cost of a 9-minute call is $2.43. 7
3 k
x
63. 12 4 64. 1.8 g 0.6
14x 2
x 2 2 7
9. x 3
1xx 22 x 2 2 2 3(x 2) (x 2) 173 2

x 2 2
4(12) 4 1.8 0.6 g 0.6 0.6
3(x 2) (x 2)
48 x 2.4 g
3 3(x 2) 2 6(x 2) (x2 4) (7)
65. 4
n 39 66. 7x2 28
3(x2
4x 4) 6x 12 7x2 28
3
4
n 3393 x2 4 3x 12x 12 6x 12 7x2 28
2
3
n 12 x 2 3x2 6x 24 7x2 28
1 2
4
4 3 4
10x2 6x 4 0
3 4
n 3
(12) 2(5x2 3x 2) 0
n 16 (5x 2) (x 1) 0
8 n 5x 2 0 or x10
67. 3.2
1 2
7 5x 2 x 1
8 n
(7) (3.2) 7 7 x5
2
22.4 8 n 32 b
22.4 8 8 n 8 10. 128 b
0.300
14.4 n 32 b 0.3(128 b)
68.
3n (4)
9 32 b 38.4 0.3b
6
3n 4
0.7b 6.4
(6) 6 (6)(9) b 9.14
3n 4 54 Omar needs 10 more hits.
3n 4 4 54 4
3n 50
3n 50
3
3
50
n 3
Chapter 12 576
Pages 694–695 Practice and Apply 55 p2
20. p 5 8
1 p 55 5 p p 5 2 ( p 5) (8)
p 5
4 3 3 1
11. a2 12. x 2
a x 2 p5
4(a 2) 3(a) 3(x 2) x
4a 8 3a 3x 6 x 55 p2 8p 40
2
a8 2x 6 p 8p 15 0
x3 p2 8p 15 0
13.
x 3
x
x 3 Since p2 8p 15 does not factor, there are no
x 6
solutions.
(x 3)(x 6) (x 3)(x) a a 2
21. 5a 10 5
x2 9x 18 x2 3x 3a 6
a a 2
6x 18 0 5(a 2) 5
1 2 25 (15(a 2) )
3(a 2)
6x 18 a a
x3 15(a 2) 3(a 2)
5(a 2)
x x 6 5a 3a 6(a 2)
14. x
x 1 1 2a 6a 12
x(x 1) (x 6)(x 1) 4a 12
x2 x x2 5x 6 a 3
4x 6 c 6
22. c 4
4 c
c
6
x 4 c 6
c
1 2 (4 c)(c)
3 (4 c) 4 c
x 2 c 6
(4 c) (4 c)
(4 c)
2n 1 2n 3 5 3y 7y
15. 2 6 16. 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 121 2
3 4 6 c 6 4c c2
2n 1 2n 3 5 3y 7y
6 3
2 6 6 12 4
2 6
2
c 5c 6 0
4n 3 2n 3 15 18y 14y (c 6)(c 1) 0
2n 6 4y 15 c 6 0 or c 1 0
15 c6 c1
n 3 y 4 2b 5 3
23. 2b
12bb 25 22 (b 2)(b 2) 1b 3 2 2
a 1 2a b 2 2
17. a 1 1
1 2
a 1 (b 2)(b 2)
a 1 2a
(a 1) (a 1) a 1
a 1
(a 1) (a 1) (1) (b 2)(2b 5) 2(b 2)(b 2) (b 2)(3)
(a 1) (a 1) 2a(a 1) (a2 1) (1) 2b2 b 10 2b2 8 3b 6
a2 2a 1 2a2 2a a2 1 b 2 3b 6
a2 4a 1 a2 1 4b 4
4a 0 b1
a0 24. 7
2k
1 3
1k 7 3 12 2 2(k 3) (k 4) 1k 3 4 2
k 3 4
7 3 4
18. 5x
x2 5x x 2(k 3) (k 4)
7 3 4
x(x 5)
(x 5) x 14(k 4) (k 3) (k 4) 6(k 3)
7 3
(x 5)
4 14k 56 (k2 7k 12) 6k 18
1 2 x(x 5) 14x 2
x(x 5) x
7 3 k2 21k 68 6k 18
x(x 5) x(x 5) (x 5) k2 15k 50 0
7 3x (x2 5x) 1 x 2 k2 15k 50 0
4
(k 5) (k 10) 0
7 3x 4x 20 k50 or k 10 0
7x 27 k5 k 10
27
x x2 4
7 25. x 2
x2 4
4x 2x
19. 1 (x 2) (x 2)
x2 4
1 2 (2x 3) (2x 3)
2x 3 2x 3
4x 2x
x 2
(2x 3) (2x 3)
2x 3 2x 3 x 2 x2 4
(2x 3) (4x) (2x 3) (2x) 9 4x2 x2 x 2 0
8x2 12x 4x2 6x 4x2 9 (x 2)(x 1) 0
4x2 18x 4x2 9 x20 or x 1 0
18x 9 x 2 x1
1
x2
577 Chapter 12
2n n 5 31. Find the distance for Jim.
26. n2 1
1n 2n 1 (n n1)(n5 1) 2 (n 1) (n 1)
n 1 1
d rt
1803 2 21.82 0.82 mi
(n 1)(n 1)
d
(n 1) (2n) n 5 (n 1) (n 1)
2n2 2n n 5 n2 1 Find the distance for Mateo.
n2 3n 4 0 d rt
n40 or n 1 0
(n 4) (n 1) 0 d 1101 2 21.82 2.2 mi
n 4 n1 They will be 0.82 mile from the nearest shore.
1 car 1 car
The number 1 is an extraneous solution, since 1 is 32. R 2 hr
and R2 3 hr
1
an excluded value for n. Thus, 4 is the solution Let x the number of hours.
112 12 13 2x 7
of the equation.
136 36 26 2x 7
3z 2 3
27. z2 5z 4
z 4
z 1
(z 4) (z 1) 1 3z
(z 4) (z 1) 2 (z 4)(z 1) 1z 2 4 z 3 1 2 8
x 7
168 2
3z 2(z 1) 3(z 4) 6
3z 2z 2 3z 12
x (7)
3z 5z 14
42
14 2z x 8
7z 2
x 58
4 m 1
28. m m6
1 (m 2)4(m 6) 2 (m 2)(m 6) 1m m 2 m 1 6 2
m2 8m 12 2 1
x 54
(m 2) (m 6)
It will take them 5 hours and 15 minutes to clean
4 (m 6)(m) (m 2)
7 cars.
4 m2 6m m 2
33. V / w h
0 m2 5m 6
V 15 ft 10 ft 4 ft
0 (m 6)(m 1)
600 ft3
m60 or m10
7.5 gal.
m6 m 1 34. 600 ft3 1ft3
4500 gal.
The number 6 is an extraneous solution, since 6 is It will take 4500 gallons to fill the pool.
an excluded value for m. Thus, 1 is the solution x2 x 2
35. x 3

of the equation. x 2 x 5
20
29. Let x number of quizzes. x1
x 3 (x 2) (x 1) 1
36 10x x 20
5 x
9 x 2 x 5 1
(x 3) (x 2)
20
36 10x 9(5 x)
3 4
(x 2) (x 5)
36 10x 45 9x (x 2) (x 5)
(x 3) (x 2)
(x 2) (x 5)
2 (x 2) (x 5) (0)
x9
(x 3) (x 2) 2(x 2) (x 5) 0
She must score 10 points on 9 quizzes to reach x2 5x 6 2x2 6x 20 0
her goal.
3x2 11x 14 0
30. Find the rate for Jim. (3x 14) (x 1) 0
d rt 3x 14 0 or x 1 0
3 mi r 80 min 3x 14 x1
3 mi 14
r x 3
80 min
Find the rate for Mateo. The number 1 is an extraneous solution. Thus,
14
d rt 3 is the only solution.
3 mi r 30 min 36. Sample answer: Rational equations are used in
3 mi solving rate problems, so they can be used to
30 min
r
determine traveling times, speeds, and distances
1 mi
10 min
r related to subways. Answers should include the
following.
Let t time in minutes.
3 1 • Sample answer: Since both trains leave at the
t 10 t 3
1 2 80(3)
80 same time, their traveling time is the same.
3 1 The sum of the distances of both trains is
80 80
t 10 t
equal to the total distance between the two
3t 8t 240
stations. So, add the two expressions to
11t 240
represent the distance each train travels and
t 21.82
solve for time.
They will meet in about 22 minutes.
Chapter 12 578
a 2 a 3 1 2 (x 2) (x 5) 2
37. A; a6a x2x x
1a a 2 aa 36 2 a(a 6) 1a1 2
a 5 x 5 5
41. 6
(x 6) (x 1) 6
a(a 6) x6 x 1 x 1
x 1
2
x 7x 10 2
(a 2)(a 6) a(a 3) a 6
x 5
a2 8a 12 a2 3a a 6
x2 7x 6 6
5a 12 a 6 x 1
6a 18
x2 7x 12

x2 7x 12
x 5 x 1
a3
x2 7x 12 (x 1)
38. D; 1 n2 7n 8
3n2 2n
(x 5)
x2 7x 12
n 2 8
x 1
1(3n2 2n 8) (n 2) (n2 7n 8) x 5
3n2 2n 8 n3 7n2 8n 2n2 14n 16 42. The LCD is 2(2m 3).
3n2 2n 8 n3 5n2 22n 16 3 m
6 4m
3(2) m
2(2m 3)
2m 3 (2m 3) (2)
n 2n2 20n 24 0
3
6 m
The possible factors of this polynomial must be 2(2m 3)
2(2m 3)
6 m
factors of 24

1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 2(2m 3)
factors of 1 1
Since (2)3 2(2)2 20(2) 24 0, 2 is a 43. The LCD is (y 1)2.
solution. y 1 y y 1
y2 2y 1
y 1
( y 1) 2
( y 1) 2
By synthetic division, y y 1
( y 1) 2
2 1 2 20 24
1 1
2 8 24 (y 1) 2
or y2 2y 1
1 4 12 0 44. The LCD is (a 3)(a 3)(6a 1).
Therefore, n3 2n2 20n 24 (n 2)(n2 4n 12) a 2 2a a 2 2a
6a2 17a 3
(n 2)(n 6) (n 2) a2 9 (a 3) (a 3) (a 3) (6a 1)
n20 or n 6 0
(a 2) (6a 1)

2a(a 3)
(a 3) (a 3) (6a 1) (a 3) (6a 1) (a 3)
n 2 n6 6a2 13a 2 2a2 6a
(a 3) (a 3) (6a 1)
(a 3) (a 3) (6a 1)
Since n 2 is an extraneous solution, n 6 is
6a2 13a 2 2a2 6a
the solution. (a 3) (a 3) (6a 1)
4a2 7a 2
(a 3) (a 3) (6a 1)
45. 20x 8y 4(5x 2y)

46. 14a2b 21ab2 7ab(2a 3b)
x2 8x 15
x2 x 6 x2 8x 15 x2 2x 15 47. 10p2 12p 25p 30 2p(5p 6) 5(5p 6)
39. x2 x 6
x2 2x 3 (2p 5)(5p 6)
x2 2x 15
x2 2x 3 48. Write two equations.
(x 5) (x 3) (x 3) (x 1)
(x 3) (x 2)
(x 5) (x 3) 1. 0.5x 0.3y 0.45(100)
1 1 1 2. x y 100
(x 5 ) (x 3 ) (x 3 ) (x 1)
(x 3 ) (x 2)
(x 5 ) (x 3 ) Solve for x in equation 1 and plug it into
1 1 1
equation 2.
x 1
x 2 0.5(100 y) 0.3y 45
a2 6a 5 50 0.5y 0.3y 45
40.
a2 13a 42 2
a 6a 5
a2 13a 42 a2 3a 18
2
a 4a 3 0.2y 5
2
a 4a 3 y 25
a2 3a 18
x 25 100
(a 5) (a 1) (a 6) (a 3)
(a 6) (a 7)
(a 3) (a 1) x 75
1 1 1 Therefore, there are 25 gallons of the 30% glycol
(a 5) (a 1 ) (a 6 ) (a 3 )
(a 6 ) (a 7)
(a 3 ) (a 1 ) solution and 75 gallons of the 50% glycol solution.
1 1 1
(a 5)
(a 7)

1. false, rational 2. true
5a 20
3. true 4. false, a 3
5. false, x2 144 6. true
579 Chapter 12
Pages 696–700 Lesson-by-Lesson Review 2m2 7m 15 9m2 4 2m2 7m 15 3m 2
24. m 5
3m 2
m 5
9m2 4
7. x1y1 xy 8. x1y1 xy 1 1
(2m 3) (m 5 ) 3m 2
42 28 xy 5 15 xy m 5
(3m 2) (3m 2)
1 1
1176 xy 75 xy 3m
2m 3
2
1176 56y 75 3y
4a2b2c2 8a3b2c 6abc2
21 y 25 y 25. (4a2b2c2 8a3b2c 6abc2 ) 2ab2 2ab2
2ab2
2ab2
9. x1y1 xy 10. x1 y1 xy 2a
4a2b2c2
4a2
3 2
8a b c 6abc
3
2

8 18 xy 175 35 xy 2ab2 2ab2 2ab2
b
144 xy 6125 xy 2ac2 4a2c

3c2
b
144 x(3) 6125 75y
48 x 81.67 y 26. x2 4x 2
x 1
x 3x3 7x2 10x 6
11.
3x2y 3x2y
12x y3z 12.
n2 3n

n(n 3) () x3 3x2
12xy3z n 3 n 3
4 y2 4x2 10x
4y2z
x
n () 4x2 12x
2
2x 6
a 25 (a 5) (a 5)
13. a2 3a 10
(a 5) (a 2)
() 2x 6
a 5 0
a 2
2
The quotient is x2 4x 2.
x 10x 21 (x 3) (x 7)
14. x3 x2 42x
x(x2 x 42) 27. x2 2x 3
(x 3) (x 7) x 0x2 7x 6
2x3
x(x 7) (x 6)
x 3 () x3
2x2
x(x 6) 2x2 7x
7b2 6a2 7b2
b 2
6a2 5x2y 12a2b 5x2y
xy 3a
12a2b
() 2x2 4x
15. 9
b
9
b
16. 8ab
25x
8ab
25x 3x 6
3 1 2 5
3x 6
14a2b 3axy
3
10 0
1 The quotient is x2 2x 3.
10 3(x 10 ) 10
17. (3x 30) x2 100 1
(x 10(x 10 ) 28. 4b 1
1
30 12b 148b2 8b 7
x 10 () 48b2 4b
1 1 12b 7
3a 6 a 3 3(a 2 ) a 3
18. a2 9
a2 2a (a 3) (a 3 )
a(a 2) () 12b 1
1 1
8
3 3
or 8
a(a 3) a2 3a The quotient is 4b 1 12b 1.
1
x2 x 12 x 4 (x 4) (x 3 ) x 4 m 4 m 1 m 4 m 1
19. x 2
x2 x 6
x 2
(x 3 ) (x 2)
29. 5
5
5
1
2m 3
(x 4) 2
(x 2) 2
5
5 2n 5 2n
1 1 1 30. 2n 5
2n 5
2n 5
b2 19b 84 b2 9 (b 7) (b 12 ) (b 3 ) (b 3 )
20. b2 15b 36 2n 5
b 3 b 3
1
(b 12 ) (b 3 )
1 1 2n 5
b7 1
p3 p2 p3 4q
21. 2q
4q 2q p2 31.
a2

b2

a2 b2
a b a b a b
p 2 1
p3 4q (a b ) (a b)
2q p2
1 1
a b
1
2p ab
y2 3y y2 y2 16 7a 5a 7a 5a 2x 6 2x 6
22. y 4
y2 16 y 4
3y
32. b2
b2
b2
33. x 3
x 3
x 3
y 1 1
y2 (y 4 ) (y 4) 2a 2(x 3 )
y 4
3y
b2
x 3
1 3 1

y(y 4) 2
3
m2 2mn n2 m2 2mn n2
3y 12 3y 12 1 34.
23. y 4
( y2 6y 8) y 4
y2 6y 8
m n m n m n
(m n) 2
1 m n
3(y 4 ) 1
y 4
(y 4) (y 2) mn
1
3
(y 4) (y 2)
Chapter 12 580
35. The LCD is 6cd2. x2 4 5a 4
y3 x2 3x
5a a
a
2c

3

2c(2c)

3(3d) 44. 3x
y3
9y2
45. a 3
a(4) 3(2)
3d2 2cd 3d2 (2c) 2cd(3d)
9y2 2
4 2(4)
2(4)
2
4c 9d
6cd2 6cd2 x
x2
31
9y2
5a 4
4c2 9d
y3 3x
a
6cd2
y 11 4a 6
3x 8
36. The LCD is r 2 9. y 5a 4 4a 6
r2 21r 3r r2 21r 3r(r 3)
a
8
r2 9
r 3
(r 3) (r 3)
(r 3) (r 3) 5a 4 8
a
4a 6
r2 21r 3r2 9r
(r 3) (r 3) 5a 4 4
a
2a 3
4r2 12r
20a 16
(r 3) (r 3) 2a2 3a
1
4r(r 3 ) 6 y(y 4) 9(y 4) 6
(r 3) (r 3 )
y9y 4 y 4
y 4
y 4
1 46. 2
y(y 1) 4(y 1) 2
r
4r y4y 1 y 1
y 1
y 1
3
37. The LCD is (a 2) (a 1 ). y2 4y 9y 36 6
y 4
3a
a1
5a 3a(a 1)

5a(a 2)
a 2 (a 2) (a 1) (a 2) (a 1) y2 y 4y 4 2
y 1
3a2 3a 5a2 10a
(a 2) (a 1)
(a 2) (a 1) y2 13y 30
2
3a 3a 5a 10a 2 y 4

(a 2) (a 1) y2 5y 6
2
8a 7a y 1
(a 2) (a 1) y2 13y 30 y2 5y 6
2. y 4
y 1
38. The LCD is 21. 39. The LCD is 6a
1
7n 9n 7n(7) 9n(3) 7 3 7(2a) 3
3
7
3(7)
7(3) 3a
6a2 3a(2a) 6a2
(y 10) (y 3 )
(y
y 1
y 4 3 ) (y 2)
49n 27n 14a 3 1
21 6a2
6a2
21 (y 10) (y 1) y2 11y 10
49n 27n 14a 3 (y 4) (y 2)
or y2 6y 8
21
6a2 4x 7 7x 1
22n 47. 2 12 4

14x3 72 2 121127x 14 2
3
21
40. The LCD is 5(x 4). 12
2x 4 2x 4
2x 8
5x 20
2(x 4)
5x 20 4 6 1 3
12 (4x) 12 (7) 12 (7x) 12 (1)
x 4 3
2
12
4
x 4
5x 20 1 1 1 1
x(5) 4 16x 42 7x 3
(x 4) (5)
5x 20 9x 45

5x 4
5x 20 x 5
5x 20
11 2 1
5x 4 48. 3x 6
1 2 6x116 2
5x 20
2x
11 2
x 4(x 2) x 6x 3x
41. 4 x 2
x 2
x2 2x
3 2 x
4x 8 x
x 2
6x (11)

6x (2)

6x (1)
2x 3x 6
5x 8 1 1 1
x 2 33 4 x
1 29 x
x 2 x 2
42. 2 x2 4 2 2 3r
(x 2 ) (x 2) 49. r2 3
1 2 (3r)(r 2) (3)
1 3r
1 2 3r
2x2 (3r)(r 2) 3r r 2
2(x 2) 1 (3r) (r 2) (2) (3r) (r 2) (3r)
x 2
x2 3r
r 2
(3r)(r 2) (3)
2x 4 1
x 2
2r 4 9r 9r2 18r2
2x 5 16r 4
x 2 4
r 16
2 2
x y 3(x2 y2 ) x2 y2
43. 3 1
x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2 r 4
2 2 2 2
3x 3y x y
x2 y2
4x2 2y2
x2 y2
581 Chapter 12
x 2 x 3 1 4c2 12c 9 (2c 3) 2
50. x6 8.
1 2 (x)(x 6) 11x 2
x x 2c2 11c 21 (2c 3) (c 7)
x 2 x 3 2c 3
(x) (x 6) x6
x c 7
(x 6) (x 2) (x)(x 3) x 6 The excluded values occur when c 7 0 or
x2 8x 12 x2 3x x 6 3
c 7 and when 2c 3 0 or c 2.
5x 12 x 6 9 t 9
6x 18 1 t t
t
9.
x3 1
81 t2 81
t2
t2 t2
3 x 2 1
51. x3 t 9
1 2 (x)(x 3) 11x 2
x2 3x x
t
3 x 2
(x) (x 3) x2 3x
x3 t2 81
1 1 t2
3(x) (x 3) (x) (x 3 ) (x 2) (x ) (x 3) (1) t 9 t2 81
x2 3x
x 3
(x )
t
t2
1 1 1 1 t
3 x2 2x x 3 t 9 t2
t
(t 9) (t 9 )
x2 x 0 1 1
t
x(x 1) 0 t 9
x 0 or x 1 0 The excluded values occur when t 0, t2 0,
x 1 t 9 0, and t 9 0.
Since the value 0 gives a 0 in the denominator, 0 t 0 or t 9 0 or t 9 0
is an extraneous solution. t 9 t9
1 1 2
52. n n2 3n 5 u (5) (t) 6u
1 2 1 2
n 4 1 4
6
t 6t
6t
(n 4) (n 1)
1
n 4
n
1
1
(n 4) (n 1)
2
n2 3n 4 10. 2u
2u 3t
1 1 1 1 t
3 t
t
(n 4 ) (n 1) (1) (n 4) (n 1 ) (1) (n 4 ) (n 1 ) (2)
n 4
n 1
(n 4 ) (n 1 ) 5t 6u
1 1 1 1
6t
(n 1) (n 4) 2 2u 3t
5 2 t
5t 6u 2u 3t
There is no solution to this equation. 6t
t
1
5t 6u t
6t
2u 3t
Chapter 12 Practice Test 5t 6u
6
12u 18t
Page 701 The excluded values occur when t 0 and
1. a; complex fraction 2. c; mixed expression 12u 18t 0.
3. b; rational expression 12u 18t 0
4. xy (40) (21) 5. xy (4)(22) 12u 18t
3t
xy 840 xy 88 u 2
84y 840 x(16) 88 5 (x 4) (x 2) 5
x4x
y 10 x 5.5 11.
2

x 2
15 (x 6) (x 2) 15
1 x6 x 2 x 2
5 2m 5 2m
6. 6m 15
3(5 2m ) (x 4) (x 2) 5 (x 6) (x 2) 15
1 x 2
x 2
1
3
x2 2x 8 5
x2 4x
x 2
x 2 12 15
The excluded value occurs when 6m 15 0 x2 2x 3
1
x 2
5 x2 4x
or m 2. x 2
1
3
1 x2 2x 3
3 x 3 x x2 4x 3
7. 2x2 5x 3
(2x 1) (x 3 )
1 The excluded values occur when x 2 0 and
2x
1 x2 4x 3 0.
1
The excluded values occur when 2x 1 0 and x 2 0 and x2 4x 3 0
x 3 0. x2 (x 3)(x 1) 0
x30 or x 1 0
2x 1 0 or x 3 0
x 3 x 1
2x 1 x 3 2x 14 2x 14
1 12. x 7
x 7
x 7
x2
2(x 7)
x 7
2
Chapter 12 582
1 2n 4
n 3 6n 24 n 3 6(n 4)
22. 2n
1n 2n 4 22 (n 4)(n 5) 1n 4 5 2
n 4 5
13. 2n 8
2n 1
2(n 4)
2n 1
1 (n 4)(n 5)
6n 18
4n 2
(n 4) (n 5) (2n)
n 4
2(n 4)(n 5)
4(n 4) (n 5)
n 5
2(3n 9) (n 5)(2n) 2(n 4)(n 5) 4(n 4)
2(2n 1)
2n2 10n 2n2 2n 40 4n 16
3n 9
2n 1 8n 40 4n 16
14. 5m 12 4n 56
2m 310m2 9m 36 n 14
() 10m2 15m 23. 3
x2 5x 6
x
7
3
x 2
x 1
24m 36 3 7 1 x
x 2
()24m 36 (x 3) (x 2) x 3
0 (x 3)(x 2) 1 (x 3)3(x 2) x 7 3 2 (x 3)(x 2) 11x 2x 2

The quotient is 5m 12. 3(x 3) (x 2) 7(x 3) (x 2) (1 x) (x 3) (x 2)
(x 3) (x 2)
x 3
x 2
1 1
2
x 4x 32 x 3 (x 8) (x 4 ) x 3
15. x 5
x2 7x 12
x 5
(x 4 ) (x 3 ) 3 7(x 2) (1 x)(x 3)
1 1
x 8
3 7x 14 x 3 x2 3x
x 5 7x 11 x2 2x 3
2
z 2z 15 2
z 2z 15 1 x2
5x 14 0
16. z2 9z 20
(z 3) z2 9z 20 z 3
(x 7) (x 2) 0
1 1
(z 5 ) (z 3 ) 1 x70 or x20
(z 5 ) (z 4)
z 3
1 1
x7 x 2
z4
1 Since the value 2 gives a 0 in the denominator,
2 is an extraneous solution.
4x2 11x 6 x2 8x 16 4x2 11x 6 x2 x 12
17. x2 x 6
x2 x 12
x2 x 6
x2 8x 16 24. The rate Scott can rake a lawn is
1 lawn
.
5 hr
1 1 1
(4x 3) (x 2 ) (x 4 ) (x 3 ) 1 lawn
(x 3 ) (x 2 )
(x 4 ) (x 4) The rate Kalyn can rake a lawn is .
1 1 1
3 hr

4x 3 Let t time for 1 lawn.
x 4 1 1
t 3t 1
1 2 15(1)
10z4 5z3 z2 5
18. (10z4 5z3 z2 ) 5z3 5z3
5z3
5z3 1 1
2z 1 1
15 5
t 3t
10z4 5z3 z2
5z3
5z3 5z3 3t 5t 15
1 1 5z
8t 15
1
2z 1 5z t
15
or 18
7
8
y 6 y 6
19. 7y 14
6 3y
7(y 2)
3(y 2) It will take them 18 hours to rake a lawn.
7
y 2
7(y 2)
y2 1
25. B; Area of triangle 2bh
1x 36 y 21x 2
y(y 2) 2(7) (y 2)
7(y 2) (y 2)
7(y 2) (y 2) 2
1 y2
y2 2y 14y 28
A2 12

1x 36 y 21 (x y12) (x y) 2
7( y 2) ( y 2) 3 1
y2 16y 28 1
7(y A2
2) (y 2) 1 1
x 5 x 5 6(x 2) 3(x y) 3
20. x 2
6x 2
x2 A 2
or 2 (x y)
x 5 6x 12
x 2
7x 17
x 2 Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
x2 1 x2 1 (x2 1) (x 1) (x2 1) (x 1)
21. x 1
x 1
(x 1) (x 1)
(x 1) (x 1)

x3 x2 x 1

x3 x2 x 1 Pages 702–703
(x 1) (x 1) (x 1) (x 1)
x3 x2 x 1 x3 x2 x 1
1. D; Volume of a cylinder is r2h.
(x 1) (x 1) V (2.5) 2 (8)
2x2 2x 157
(x 1) (x 1)
2x(x 1) 2. B; Find the equation of the line.
(x 1) (x 1) Find the slope using points (3, 10) and (5, 14).
2x
x 1 m
14 10

24
3
5 (3) 8
y mx b
10 (3)(3) b
1b
y 3x 1
583 Chapter 12
3. B; The graph contains the points (0,8) and 10. Let w width.
(10, 0). length 5 w
Find the slope. Area of playground w
0 (8) 8 4 750 (5 w)w
10 5
10 0 750 5w w2
y mx b 2
w 5w 750 0
4
8 5 (0) b (w 30)(w 25) 0
w 30 0 or w 25 0
8 b
4
w 30 w 25
y 5
x 8 The width is 25 meters since measurements must
4
y 5x 8 be positive. Therefore, the length is 5 25 or
1 2 5(8)
4
30 meters.
5 y 5x
11. Find the discriminant.
5y 4x 40 or 4x 5y 40 b2 4ac (24) 2 4(16)(9)
4. A; y mx b 576 576
1 12
5 4 (12) b 0
Since the discriminant is 0, the equation has one
53b
real root.
2b
x2 9 3x (x 3) (x 3) 3x
1
y 4x 2 12. x3 x
x 3
x(x2 1)
x 3
1 3
1 (x 3 ) (x 3)
y 4x 2 x
3x
1 2
x (x2 1) 3
1 1 1
4 y 4x 4(2) 3(x 3)
x2 1
4y x 8 or x 4y 8 3x 9
5. D; Find the equation of the line. Find the slope x2 1
using points (1, 0) and (0, 2) x 4x x x2 16
13. x 4
x2 16 x 4
4x
2 0 2
m 0 1
1 2 1 1
x (x 4 ) (x 4)
y mx b x 4
4x
1 4
0 2(1) b x 4 1
2b 4
or 4
x 1
y 2x 2 14. B; Plug x
1
and y 4 into both expressions.
4
Since the origin is not in the shaded area, the
12 12
1 1 1 1 1 16

inequality is y 2x 2. x2 2x 1 2
2
1 1
2
1 1
16
8 7 7
4 4 16 16 16
6. B; Use elimination to solve the system of 1 1 1 1
equations. y2 2y
(4) 2 2(4)
16 8 8
1 16
3x y 2 7
8 7
() 2x y 8
15. C; Simplify both expressions.
5x 10
x 2 1500 120 1180 1720
Substitute 2 for x in either equation. 15 100 14 5 136 5 1144 5
1015 215 615 1215
3(2) y 2
y4 215
125 5 19 5
7. B; Let w width.
515 315
length / 2.5 w
215
Area of rectangle / w 215 215
9750 (2.5 w)w
16. A; Find the excluded value of both expressions.
9750 2.5 w2
32a 0 b60
8. C; y C(1 r) t
100
a0 b 6
144(1 0.5) 20 0 7 6
144(0.5) 5
4.5
9. Let x miles driven on the third day.
360 270 x
3
350
630 x 1050
x 420
They drove 420 miles on the third day.
Chapter 12 584
17. D; Simplify both expressions. 18a. The height increases.
3x 5(x 1) 3(x) 18b. Sample answer: As the distance between the
5 x 1
x 1
x1
5x 5 3x
bottom of the ladder and the base of the
x 1 building decreases, the height that the ladder
8x 5 reaches increases.
x 1
24y 15
18c. No; Sample answer: When the bottom of the
3 24y 15 6y 6 ladder is 6 feet from the base of the building, it
6y 6

3 6 reaches a height of about 10.4 feet. When the
6
1 1
bottom of the ladder is 4 feet from the base of the
3 (8y 5) 6 building, it reaches a height of about 11.3 feet. In
6( y 1)
1
3
1 order to form an inverse variation 6 10.4 must

8y 5 approximately equal 4 11.3. However,
y 1
6 10.4 63.6 and 4 11.3 45.2. Because the
Since x and y can be any number, the relationship products are not equal, this relationship does not
cannot be determined. form an inverse variation.
585 Chapter 12
Chapter 13 Statistics
Page 707 Getting Started not be representative of the voting population.
1. Sample answer: If a 5 and b 2, then c 3. Since readers voluntarily write letters, this is a
However, 5 3. voluntary response sample.
2. Sample answer: It could be a yellow rose. 5. The sample is the work from 4 students. The
3. Sample answer: The speed limit could be 55 mph, population is work from all students in the 1st
and Tara could be driving 50 mph. period math class. The sample is a biased sample
because students who raise their hands first may
4. Sample answer: 6 is even, but not divisible by 4.
be expected to do better work. Since the students
5. Order the set: 1, 7, 9, 15, 25, 59, 63 volunteer to have their work shown at the open
Find the middle value: 1, 7, 9, 15 , 25, 59, 63 house, this is a voluntary sample.
The median is 15. 6. The sample is 25 nails. The population is all nails
6. Order the set: 0, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 8, 9, 10 on the store shelves. This is a stratified random
Find the middle value: sample. Each of the nails was randomly selected
0, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4 , 5, 7, 8, 8, 9, 10 from each of the 25 boxes.
The median is 4. 7. The sample is 12 pencils. The population is all
pencils in the school store. This sample is a
7. Order the set:
biased sample, since all of the pencils came from
211, 218, 235, 317, 355, 395, 407, 407, 411, 726
the same box. Since Namid grabbed the closest
Find the two middle values:
box of pencils and 12 pencils from the top of the
211, 218, 235, 317, 355 , 395 , 407, 407, 411, 726 box, it is a convenience sample.
355 395
Average the two middle values: 2
375
The median is 375.
8. Pages 711–713 Practice and Apply
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8. The sample is 3 sophomores. The population is all
sophomores in the school. The sample was
9.
randomly selected from all sophomores in the
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
school, so the sample is unbiased. This is a simple
10. random sample, since each name was equally
3 4 5 6 7 likely to be chosen.
11. 9. The sample is 20 shoppers. The population is all
1 2 3 4 5 shoppers. Since shoppers at a fast-food restaurant
are more likely to name the cola sold in the
restaurant as their preference, this sample is
biased. Since only shoppers outside the fast-food
13-1 Sampling and Bias restaurant were selected for the sample, it is a
convenience sample.
10. The sample is people who are home between
Page 710 Check for Understanding 9 A.M. and 4 P.M. The population is all people in
1. All three are unbiased samples. However, the the neighborhood. Since people who are home
methods for selecting each type of sample are during the weekdays may tend to behave
different. In a simple random sample, a sample is similarly, the sample is biased. Since people were
as likely to be chosen as any other from the interviewed only during the typical work day, it is
population. In a stratified random sample, the a convenience sample.
population is first divided into similar,
11. The sample is 860 people from a state. The
nonoverlapping groups. Then a simple random
population is all people in a state. The people are
sample is selected from each group. In a
chosen at random, so the sample is unbiased.
systematic random sample, the items are selected
Since the people were selected by county, which is
according to a specified time or item interval.
a sub-division of a state, it is a stratified random
2. A convenience sample is a biased sample that is sample.
determined based on the ease with which it is
12. The sample is 10 scooters. The population is all
possible to gather the sample. A voluntary sample
scooters manufactured on the particular
is a biased sample composed of voluntary
production line during one day. The sample is
responses.
biased because samples were collected only on one
3. Sample answer: Ask the members of the school’s day, and it is possible that more manufacturing
football team to name their favorite sport. mistakes occur early in the morning and late in
4. The sample is a group of readers of the the afternoon. Since the scooters were selected
newspaper. The population is all readers of the early at the beginning of the day and at the end
newspaper. The sample is a biased sample of the day, the sample is a convenience sample.
because readers of a particular newspaper may
Chapter 13 586
13. The sample is 3 students. The population is all 22. We know that the results are from a national
students in Ms. Finche’s class. The sample is survey conducted by Yankelovich Partners for
unbiased since each student’s number was equally Microsoft Corporation.
likely to be selected. For the same reason, the 23. Additional information needed includes how the
sample is a simple random sample. survey was conducted, how the survey
14. The sample is an 8-oz jar of corn. The population respondents were selected, and the number of
is all corn in the storage silo. The sample is respondents.
biased because it was selected from corn near or 24. Sample answer: Get a copy of the school’s list of
at the surface of all corn in the silo, which is students and call every 10th person on the list.
unlikely to represent all the corn in the storage 25. Sample answer: Get a copy of the list of registered
silo. Since only corn that was easily accessible voters in the city and call every 100th person.
was sampled, the sample is a convenience sample.
26. The graph shows four phrases with a percent
15. The sample is a group of U.S. district court associated with each phrase. We can assume that
judges. The population is all U.S. district court the percents indicate the percent of respondents
judges. Since every 20th number is selected, the who said the indicated topic was discussed during
sample is unbiased. Since the population was family dinners. Based on the sum of the percents,
divided into 11 federal districts before the sample respondents must have been able to choose or
was selected, the sample is a stratified random state more than one topic. We do not know how
sample. many respondents there were, whether the
16. The sample is a group of people who watch a respondents selected topics from a list of choices
television station. The population is all people or stated their own topics, whether there were
who watch a television station. The sample is any restrictions that may have existed about the
biased because people who watch a particular topics, and the time period of the family dinners
television station may be more likely to have considered in this survey (a night, a week, a
similar viewpoints about building the golf course. month, or more).
Since viewers decide whether to call the 1–900 27. Sample answer: Randomly pick 5 rows from each
number, the sample is a voluntary sample. field of tomatoes and then pick a tomato every -
17. The sample is 4 U.S. Senators. The population is 50 ft along each row.
all U.S. Senators. The sample is biased because 28. Sample answer: Every hour pull one infant seat
the President’s four closest colleagues are more from the end of the assembly line for testing.
likely to be members of his political party and
29. It is a good idea to divide the school population
share his political viewpoints. Since the President
into groups and to take a simple random sample
discussed issues with people who are easily
from each group. The problem that prevents this
accessible, the sample is a convenience sample.
from being a legitimate stratified random sample
18. The sample is a handful of Bing cherries. The is the way the three groups are formed. The three
population is all Bing cherries in the produce groups probably do not represent all students.
department. The sample is biased since the The students who do not participate in any of
cherries were not randomly selected. Since the these three activities will not be represented in
manager selected cherries at the edge of one case, the survey. Other students may be involved in
this sample is a convenience sample. two or three of these activities. These students
19. The sample is a group of high-definition television will be more likely to be chosen for the survey.
sets. The population is all high-definition 30. Usually it is impossible for a company to test
television sets manufactured on one line on every item coming off its production lines.
one shift. The sample is unbiased since the sets Therefore, testing a sample of these items is
were selected randomly. Since every 15th set was helpful in determining quality control. Answers
selected, the sample is a systematic random should include the following.
sample.
• Sample answer: An unbiased way to pick the
20. The sample is a group of employees. The population CDs to be checked is to take every 25th CD off
is all employees of the company. The sample is the production line.
unbiased, because employees were selected at
• Sample answer: A biased way to pick the CDs
random. Since one employee was selected from
to be checked is to take the first 5 CDs coming
each department, the sample is a stratified random
off the production line in the morning.
sample.
31. B; The most accurate result would be achieved
21. The sample is a group of readers of a magazine.
through an unbiased, random sample of the
The population is all readers of the magazine. The
population in question. Choices A, C, and D result
sample is biased because the readers of a
in biased samples. Therefore, the correct answer
particular magazine may be more likely to select a
is B, which samples the appropriate population.
particular actor as their favorite. Since the
readers mailed their inputs to the magazine’s 32. D; The most accurate result would be achieved
office, the sample is a voluntary sample. through an unbiased, random sample. Choices A,
B, and C result in biased samples. Therefore, the
correct answer is D.
587 Chapter 13
Page 713 Maintain Your Skills 41. 6b2 15 19b

33.
10 5
2y
1 6b2 19b 15 0
1
2 12y114 2
3y 4
(19) 2(19) 2 4(6) (15)
12y
10 5
2y b 2(6)
3y
(12y ) 1 3y 2 (12y ) 1 2y 2 12y 1 4 2

19 11
4 10
6 5
3 1 12
19 1
1 1 1 12
40 30 3y 20 18
10 3y 12
, 12
2 1
y
10

1
33 13, 12
3
2
34.
3
r
1

1 42. 2d 9d 3
1 2 r(r 4) 11r 2
r 4 r
3 1 2d2 9d 3 0
r(r 4) r 4
r (9) 2(9) 2 4(2) (3)
d 2(2)
1 1 1
r(r 4) (3) r (r 4) r (r 4) 9 1105
r 4
r
r
1 1 1
4
3r (r 4) r 4 4.8, 0.3
2r 4 r 4 43. (y 5)(y 7) y2 7y 5y 35
r8 y2 12y 35
1 2m
35. m3 2 44. (c 3)(c 7) c2 7c 3c 21
1 2 4m(m 3)(2)
4m
4m(m 3)
1 2m
m3 c2 10c 21
4m
1 1
45. (x 4)(x 8) x2 8x 4x 32
4m (m 3)

4m(m 3) (2m)
4m(m 3)(2) x2 4x 32
4m m 3
1 1 46. 4.5 3.8 8.3 47. 16.9 7.21 24.11
(m 3) 8m2 8m(m 3) 48. 3.6 18.5 22.1 49. 7.6 3.8 3.8
8m2 m 3 8m2 24m 50. 18 4.7 13.3 51. 13.2 0.75 12.45
25m 3
3
m 25
2x 5
x 2x 5 2x 5
36. 2x 5
x
6 1a. This question will bias people toward answering
6 “yes” because it gives them a reason to think
2x 5 6
x
2x 5
that recycling will help alleviate a shortage in
6 resources.
x 1b. This question will bias people toward answering
a(a 12) 35 a2 12a 35 1 “no” because most citizens are against the
37. a 12
a 12
a 7 government making laws that require certain
a 7
behaviors.
(a 5) (a 7)
(a 12) (a 7) 2a. This question is not biased. It does not influence
a 5 a person to answer one way or the other.
a 12
(t 2) (t 2) 2b. This question will bias people toward answering
(t 3) (t 2) t 2 1 “no” because most people do not want taxes to
38. t t
t2 3 2 be raised.
1 3a. Sample answer: Since we had hamburgers at
t 3
the last party, would you prefer pizza for the
39. 516 3154 4124 516 319 6 414 6 next party?
516 916 816
3b. Sample answer: Would you prefer hamburgers
2216 cm
or pizza for the class party?
40. x2 6x 40 0
(6) 2(6) 2 4(1) (40)
x 2(1)

6 1196
2
13-2 Introduction to Matrices
6 14
2
10, 4 Page 717–718 Check for Understanding
1. A 2-by-4 matrix has 2 rows and 4 columns, and a
4-by-2 matrix has 4 rows and 2 columns.
2. Sample answer:
2 3 1 2 1 6 6
c d c d
3
5 6 2 5 4 7 6 14
Chapter 13 588
3. Estrella; Hiroshi did not multiply each element of 0 0

the matrix by 5. 26. £ 0 8 §
4. 3 by 3; first row, second column 0 4
5. 1 by 4; first row, first column
1 5 9 12 7 16
6. 4 by 1; third row, first column 27. A B £ 0 4 2 § £ 5 10 13 §
7. 3 by 2; first row, second column 3 7 6 20 11 8
8. A is a 2 2 matrix, while C is a 1 2 matrix. To
1 (12) 5 7 9 (16)
£ 2 13 §
add matrices, the matrices must have the same
0 5 4 10
dimension. Therefore, it is impossible to perform
3 20 7 11 68
A C.
13 12 7
£ 6 11 §
20 10
9. B A c d c d
15 14
5
10 6 12 19
23 18 14
15 20 14 (10)
c d 52
28. C D c d c d
34 91 63 9 70
10 12 6 19
81 79 60 49 8 45
5
c d
24
34 (52) 91 9 63 70
22 13 c d
81 (49) 79 (8) 60 45
20 10
10. 2A 2 c d 18 100 133
12 19 c d
32 71 105
c d
2(20) 2(10)
52
29. C D c d c d
2(12) 2(19) 34 91 63 9 70
81 79 60 49 8 45
40 20
c d 34 (52) 91 9 63 70
24 38 c d
81 (49) 79 (8) 60 45
11. 4C 4[5 7]
86 82 7
[4(5) 4(7) ] c d
[20 28] 130 87 15
12 10 3 13 12 11 11 8 6 12 7 16 1 5 9
12. F £ 11 8 8§, R £ 1 5 10 § , N £ 1 8 11 § 30. B A £ 5 10 13 § £ 0 4 2 §
14 8 10 8 11 2 10 15 11
20 11 8 3 7 6
13. No; the corresponding elements are not equal.
12 (1) 75 16 9
14. T F R N
£ 5 0 10 (4) 13 (2) §
12 10 3 13 12 11 11 8 6
20 3 11 7 86
£ 11 8 8§ £ 1 5 10 § £ 1 8 11 §
14 8 10 8 11 2 10 15 11 11 2 25
12 13 11 10 12 8 3 11 6 £ 5 14 15 §
£ 11 1 1 858 8 10 11 § 17 4 2
14 8 10 8 11 15 10 2 11
1 5 9
36 30 20 31. 5A 5 £ 0 4 2 §
£ 13 21 29 § 3 2 6
32 34 23
15. The total sales for the weekend 5(1) 5(5) 5(9)
£ 5(0) 5(4) 5(2) §
16. The greatest number in the matrix is 36, which
5(3) 5(2) 5(6)
represents small, thin crust pizzas. Therefore,
small, thin crust pizzas had the most sales over 5 25 45
the entire weekend. £ 0 20 10 §
15 10 30
32. 2C 2 c d
34 91 63
Pages 718–721 Practice and Apply 81 79 60
17. 2 by 2; first row, first column
c d
2(34) 2(91) 2(63)
18. 3 by 2; second row, first column 2(81) 2(79) 2(60)
19. 3 by 1; third row, first column
c d
68 182 126
20. 2 by 3; second row, second column 162 158 120
21. 3 by 3; second row, third column
22. 4 by 2; fourth row, first column
23. 2 by 3; second row, third column
24. 2 by 2; second row, first column
25. c d
2 1 1
1 5 1
589 Chapter 13
1 5 9 41. 2F V S C
33. A C £ 0 4 2 § c d
34 91 63 2[70 6 3 0.8] [70 2 2 0.3] [160 0 0 0]
81 79 60 [185 2 11 3.9]
3 7 6
[2(70) 2(6) 2(3) 2(0.8)] [70 2 2 0.3]
Since the matrices do not have the same
[160 0 0 0] [185 2 11 3.9]
dimension, it is impossible to add them.
[140 70 160 185 12 2 0 2 6 2 0
12 7 16 11 1.6 0.3 0 3.9]
52
34. B D £ 13 § c d
9 70
5 10 [555 16 19 5.8]
49 8 45
20 11 8
18 28 32 24 21
Since the matrices do not have the same 42. N £ 24 30 45 47 25 §
dimension, it is impossible to add them. 17 19 26 30 28
12 7 16 1 5 9
35. 2B A 2 £ 5 10 13 § £ 0 4 2 § 43. 1.20
20 11 8 3 7 6 18 28 32 24 21
44. rN 1.20 £ 24 30 45 47 25 §
2(12) 2(7) 2(16) 1 5 9 17 19 26 30 28
£ 2(5) 2(10) 2(13) § £ 0 4 2 §
1.20(18) 1.20(28) 1.20(32) 1.20(24) 1.20(21)
£ 1.20(24) 1.20(25) §
2(20) 2(11) 2(8) 3 7 6
1.20(30) 1.20(45) 1.20(47)
24 14 32 1 5 9 1.20(17) 1.20(19) 1.20(26) 1.20(30) 1.20(28)
£ 10 20 26 § £ 0 4 2 § 22 34 38 29 25
40 22 16 3 7 6 £ 29 36 54 56 30 §
25 19 23 20 23 31 36 34
£ 10 16 24 §
533 331 4135 26 15 571 357 4413 33 15
43 29 22 515 304 3840 24 14 473 284 3430 28 11
45. AD
499 325 4353 41 13
T, B D
347 235 3429 21 18
T
1 5 9 12 7 16
36. 4A B 4 £ 0 4 2 § £ 13 §
571 343 4436 36 15 533 324 3730 19 18
5 10
3 7 6 20 11 8 46. 4 by 5, 4 by 5
4(1) 4(5) 4(9) 12 7 16 47. T A B
£ 4(0) 4(4) 4(2) § £ 5 10 13 § 533 331 4135 26 15 571 357 4413 33 15
4(3) 4(7) 4(6) 20 11 8 515 304 3840 24 14 473 284 3430 28 11
D TD T
499 325 4353 41 13 347 235 3429 21 18
4 20 36 12 7 16 571 343 4436 36 15 533 324 3730 19 18
£ 0 16 8 § £ 5 10 13 §
12 28 24 20 11 8 533 571 331 357 4135 4413 26 33 15 15
515 473 304 284 3840 3430 24 28 14 11
D T
4 (12) 20 7 36 (16) 499 347 325 235 4353 3429 41 21 13 18
£ 0 5 16 10 8 13 § 571 533 343 324 4436 3730 36 19 15 18
12 20 28 11 24 8
1104 688 8548 59 30
8 13 52 988 588 7270 52 25
D T
£ 5 26 21 § 846 560 7782 62 31
1104 667 8166 55 33
8 17 16
52 48. the total of the passing statistics for the 1999 and
2C 3D 2 c d 3c d
34 91 63 9 70
37. 81 79 60 49 8 45 2000 seasons
c
2(34) 2(91) 2(63)
d c
3(52) 3(9) 3(70)
d
49a. sometimes 49b. always
2(81) 2(79) 2(60) 3(49) 3(8) 3(45)
49c. sometimes 49d. sometimes
156
c d c d
68 182 126 27 210
162 158 120 147 24 135
49e. sometimes 49f. sometimes
68 (156) 182 27 126 210 50. Matrices can be used to organize data that can be
c d
162 (147) 158 (24) 120 135 displayed in a rectangular array of numbers.
224 155 84 Answers should include the following:
c d
309 182 15
• A table is a rectangular array of numbers with
52
5D 2C 5 c d 2c d
9 70 34 91 63 headings to indicate what each row and
38. 49 8 45 81 79 60
column represents. A matrix is just the
c d c d
5(52) 5(9) 5(70) 2(34) 2(91) 2(63) rectangular array of numbers.
5(49) 5(8) 5(45) 2(81) 2(79) 2(60)
• Sample answer: The grades from each of five
260
c d c d
45 350 68 182 126
225 40 225 162 158 120 different tests for each student in a math class
can be organized in a matrix.
260 68 45 182 350 126
c d
1 3 5
51. C; Since c d c d
225 162 40 158 225 120 2 7 0
192 227 476 7 2 0 13 1 8
c d
63 118 345
1 2 3 7 5 0
39. V [70 2 2 0.3], S [160 0 0 0], c d
7 (13) 2 1 0 8
C [185 2 11 3.9]
c d
3 4 5
40. 2F 2[ 70 6 3 0.8] 6 1 8
[2(70) 2(6) 2(3) 2(0.8) ]
[ 140 12 6 1.6]
Chapter 13 590
52. B; When adding two matrices, one must add each 65. a1 4, n 5, r 2
of the corresponding elements. If M N M, the Since an a1 r(n1)
only way the equation is true is if N c d.
0 0
0 0 a 4 (2) (51)
5
4 (16)
0.4
53. c d
0.7 2.3
64
1.6 4 2.4
66. b2 7b 12 (b 3)(b 4)
3.9
54. c d
17 4.6 67. a2 2ab 3b2 (a b)(a 3b)
12.1 13.5 14.3
68. Since the trinomial d2 8d 15 cannot be
5.3 12.4
55. c d
21.1 factored, it is prime.
2.4 7.7 4 69. Sample answer: Megan saved steadily from
14.22 9.72 12.24
56. c d
January to June. In July, she withdrew money to
10.62 7.92 13.86 go on vacation. She started saving again in
September. Then in November, she withdrew
0.48
57. c d
3.92 2.08
money for holiday presents.
3.12 2.04 3.6
70. In this graph, the domain is the months of the
year. The range is the amount of money in
Megan’s bank account.
58. The sample is 10 calendars.
59. Since the calendars examined each day are not Page 721 Practice Quiz 1
selected randomly, the sample is biased. The 1. The sample is half of the households in a
sample is a convenience sample because the last neighborhood. The population is all households in
10 calendars printed each day are examined.
1a 4 1 a3 2 a (a 1)(1)
a neighborhood. Since each household is selected
60. a (a 1) randomly, the sample is unbiased. The sample is
a systematic random sample since every second
4a 3(a 1) a (a 1) household is surveyed.
4a 3a 3 a2 a 2. The sample is half of the households in a
a 3 a2 a neighborhood. Sample answer: voters in the state.
0 a2 2a 3 Since the sample was not randomly drawn from
0 (a 3)(a 1) all voters in the state, it is a biased sample. The
a 3, 1 sample is a convenience sample because only
61. x (x 3) 13x x 4x 3 2 x (x 3)(4) households in a particular neighborhood are
surveyed.
3(x 3) x(4x) 4x(x 3) 8 5 7
3. c d c d
3
3x 9 4x2 4x2 12x 4 9 1 0
15x 9
8 5 3 (7)
9
x 15 or 5
3 c d
4 (1) 9 0
62. 2(d 5) (d 9) 1dd 35 d 2 9 2 2(d 5) (d 9) 12d 5 10 2 c
3 4
d
2(d 3) (d 9) 2 2(d 5) 5(d 9) 5 9
2(d2 6d 27) 4(d 5) 5d 45 9 6 4 7 2 8
2d2 12d 54 4d 20 5d 45 4. c d c d
1 3 2 5 3 1
2d2 13d 11 0
9 7 6 (2) 48
c d
(2d 11) (d 1) 0
d
11
2
, 1 1 5 3 (3) 21
16 8 4
c d
d 5.5, 1
63. a1 4, n 5, r 3 6 6 1
Since an a1 r(n1) 8 3 4
5. 3 c d
5
a5 (4) (3) (51) 6 1 2 10
4 81
c d
3(8) 3(3) 3(4) 3(5)
324 3(6) 3(1) 3(2) 3(10)
64. a1 2, n 3, r 7 24 9 12 15
c d
Since an a1 r(n1) 18 3 6 30
a3 (2) (7) (31)

(2) 49
98
591 Chapter 13
12. For the men, the graph represents 5 6 4 2

13-3 Histograms 17 values. So, the median of the data is the 9th
value, which occurs in the range 220–240
rebounds. For the women, the graph represents
Page 725 Check for Understanding 1 2 5 5 1 1 15 values, so the median
1. First identify the greatest and least values in the of the data is the 8th value, which falls in the
data set. Use this information to determine range 240–260 rebounds. The men’s rebounding
appropriate measurement classes. Using these data show a vast majority of values are between
measurement classes, create a frequency table. 200 and 240 rebounds. The women’s rebounding
Then draw the histogram. Always remember to data are somewhat symmetrical. The top two
label the axes and give the histogram a title. women have more rebounds than any of the men.
2. 50
v 6 60 13. The graph representing age at inauguration has
3. Sample answer: 8 24 9 41 values. The median of the data is
1, 1, 2, 4, 5, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 22, 24, 41 the 21st value, which occurs in the range
4. $200–250 50–60 years. The graph representing age at death
5. There are no gaps. The data are somewhat has 2 5 12 11 5 2 37 values. The
symmetrical. median of the data is the 19th value, which occurs
in the range 60–70 years. Both distributions show
6. In Group A, there are 31 values, so the median
a symmetrical shape. The two distributions differ
value is the 16th. It falls in the 40–45 range. In
in their spread. The inauguration ages are not
Group B, there are 26 values, so the median value
spread out as much as the death ages data.
is the average between the 13th and 14th values.
It also falls in the 40–45 range. 14. Sample answer:
7. The Group A test scores are somewhat more Semester Scoring
symmetrical in appearance than the Group B test Average in Mathematics Class
scores. There are 25 of 31 scores in Group A that are 8
Frequency
40 or greater, while only 14 of 26 scores in Group B

6
are 40 or greater. Also, Group B has 5 scores that
4
are less than 30. Therefore, we can conclude that
2
Group A performed better overall on the test.
0
8. Sample answer: 70- 75- 80- 85- 90- 95-
Passenger Traffic at 75 80 85 90 95 100
U.S. Airports, 2000 Weighted Average
8 15. Sample answer:
Frequency
6
Raisins Counted
4
in Snack-Size Boxes
2
14
0
30- 40- 50- 60- 70- 80- 12
40 50 60 70 80 90 10
Frequency
Passengers (millions)
8
9. B; The graph represents 32 employees, which 6
means that the median is the average of the 16th 4
and 17th values. Those values both fall in the 2
$30–40 thousand range, so the median of the data
0
falls between $30,000 and $40,000. The statement 50- 60- 70- 80- 90- 100-
that is not correct is answer choice B. 60 70 80 90 100 110
Number of Raisins in a Box
Pages 726–728 Practice and Apply 16. Sample answer:
10. The median occurs at the average of the 10th and
Payrolls for Major League Baseball Teams
11th values. So it falls in the range 350–600
in 2000
thousand. There is a gap between 1100 and
1600 thousand. The histogram is highly skewed to 12
median $54,000,000
the left, with a vast majority of the data values in 10
Frequency
the lowest measurement class. Over half of the 8

top 20 newspapers have circulations between 350 6
and 600 thousand. 4
11. The graph represents 8 5 3 4 3 1 24 2
values. So, the median of the data is the average 0
of the 12th and 13th values, so it is 3400–3800 10- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- 70- 80- 90- 100- 110-
championship points. There are no gaps. The data 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
appear to be skewed to the left. Team Payroll (millions of dollars)
Chapter 13 592
17. Sample answer: —See graph above. 27. Sample answer:

18. The data has 50 values, so the median is the
average between the 25th and 26th value in the
ordered set. The median, then, is
54.07 53.66
2
53.865.
19. Sample answer:
Percent of Eligible Voters
Who Voted in the 28. Sample answer:
2000 Presential Election
15
Frequency
12
9
6
3
0
40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 65- 29. Sample answer:
45 50 55 60 65 70
Percent Eligible Voters Who Voted
20. Sample answer: There are no gaps. The data are

somewhat symmetrical.
22. Sample answer:
4
30. A is a 3 3 matrix. B is a 2 3 matrix. It is
Frequency
impossible to add these matrices.

2
7 5 2 2 3 7
0
31. C A £ 0 0 3 § £ 0 4 6 §
15- 20- 25- 30- 35- 40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 1 4 6 1 5 4
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
7 (2) 5 3 2 7
23. Histograms can be used to show how many states £ 0 0 0 (4) 3 6 §
have a median within various intervals. Answers 1 1 4 (5) 6 4
9 8 5
£ 0 4 3 §
• A histogram is more visual than a frequency
table and can show trends easily.
2 9 2
Year 2000 State Mean SAT
8 1 1
Mathematics Scores 32. 2B 2 c d
20 2 3 7
Frequency
c d
15 2(8) 2(1) 2(1)
10 2(2) 2(3) 2(7)
16 2 2
c d
5
0 4 6 14
480- 500- 520- 540- 560- 580- 600-
500 520 540 560 580 600 620 2 3 7
Score 33. 5A 5 £ 0 4 6 §
24. C; According to the graph, the number of 1 5 4
employees represented in the graph is 5(2) 5(3) 5(7)
9 12 11 6 6 2 46 employees. £ 5(0) 5(4) 5(6) §
25. B; The data has 46 values. The median is the 5(1) 5(5) 5(4)
average of the 23rd and 24th values. Therefore,
10 15 35
£ 0 20 30 §
the median falls in the range 4–6 days absent.
26. Sample answer:
5 25 20
34. Since each CD player has an equal chance of
being selected, the sample is unbiased. The CD
players are selected at a regular time interval, so
the sample is a systematic random sample.
593 Chapter 13
1
s s 5 s s 7
43. Order the set: 1.6, 2.1, 3.901, 5.21, 7.4, 13.9
35. s 7
s 7
s 7
s 5
1 Find the middle values:
s
s 5
1.6, 2.1, 3.901 , 5.21 , 7.4, 13.9
3.901 5.21
2m2 7m 15 2m 3 Average the values: 4.56
36. m 2
m2 5m 6 2
1 1 The median is about 4.56.
(2m 3) (m 5) (m 2) (m 3)
m 2
2m 3
1 1
(m 5)(m 3)
37. 1y 3 5 9 (Follow-Up of Lesson 13-3)
1y 3 4 1. To make a scatterplot, enter the x values in L1
y 3 16 and the y values in L2. Use STAT PLOT to graph
y 13
? the scatter plot. Use ZOOM 9 to graph.
Check: 1(13) 3 5 9
?
116 5 9
?
459
99
38. 1x 2 x 4
x 2 x2 8x 16
0 x2 9x 18
0 (x 6) (x 3) The graph appears to be an exponential regression.
x 6, 3 To find the coefficient of determination, select
?
Check: 1(6) 2 (6) 4 ExpReg on the STAT CALC menu.
?
14 6 4 KEYSTROKES: STAT 0 ENTER
22 R2 0.9969724389
?
1(3) 2 (3) 4 2. To make a scatterplot, enter the x values in L1
?
11 1 and the y values in L2. Use STAT PLOT to graph
1 1 the scatter plot. Use ZOOM 9 to graph.
x 3 is an extraneous solution.
39. 13 12w 5
169 2w 5
174 2w
87 w
?
Check: 13 12(87) 5
?
13 1174 5 The graph appears to be a linear regression.
?
13 1169 To find the coefficient of determination, select
13 13 STAT
LinReg(ax b) on the CALC menu.
40. Order the set: 2, 4, 7, 9, 12, 15
Find the middle values: 2, 4, 7 , 9 , 12, 15 KEYSTROKES: STAT 4 ENTER
Average the values:
7 9

16
or 8 R2 0.9389164209
2 2
3. To make a scatterplot, enter the x values in L1
The median is 8.
and the y values in L2. Use STAT PLOT to graph
41. Order the set: 1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 7
the scatter plot. Use ZOOM 9 to graph.
Find the middle values: 1, 3, 6, 8 , 10 , 12, 15, 17
8 10
Average the values: 2
9
The median is 9.
42. Order the set: 2, 4, 7, 7, 9, 19
Find the middle values: 2, 4, 7 , 7 , 9, 19
7 7
Average the values: 2
7
The median is 7. The graph appears to be a linear regression.
To find the coefficient of determination, select
LinReg(ax b) on the STAT CALC menu.
KEYSTROKES: STAT 4 ENTER
R2 0.9974802029
Chapter 13 594
4. To make a scatterplot, enter the x values in L1

and the y values in L2. Use STAT PLOT to graph 13-4 Measures of Variation
the scatter plot. Use ZOOM 9 to graph.
1. Sample answer:
1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 15 and 1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 9, 10
2. Outliers may make the mean much greater or
much less than the mean of the data excluding
the outliers.
3. Alonso; the range is the difference between the
The graph appears to be a quadratic regression. greatest and the least values of the set.
To find the coefficient of determination, select 4. Range: 85 – 25 60
QuadReg on the STAT CALC menu. median
678
KEYSTROKES: STAT 5 ENTER 25 58 59 62 67 69 69 73 75 76 77 77 82 85
64748
R2 0.97716799 c c
6973
5. Enter the year in L1 and the cost in L2. Use Q1 Q2 2 71 Q3
STAT PLOT to graph the scatter plot. Use ƒ d Q Q IQR 77 62 15 S ƒ
3 1
ZOOM 9 to graph. To find the outliers:
Q1 1.5(IQR) 62 1.5(15)
39.5
Q3 1.5(IQR) 77 1.5(15)
99.5
The data set consists of one value which is less
than 39.5 or greater than 99.5. Therefore, 25 is
the only outlier.
6. Find the coefficient of determination for linear, 5. Range: 11.9 7.3 4.6
quadratic, and exponential regression. Choose the 8.7 9.4
equation whose coefficient of determination is Median: 2
9.05
closest to 1. 10.0 10.1
Q : 2
10.05
3
Linear: Select LinReg(ax b) on the STAT CALC 8.0 8.0
menu. Q1: 2
8.0
R2 0.9312567132 IQR Q Q
3 1
Quadratic: Select QuadReg on the STAT CALC 10.05 8.0
menu. 2.05
R2 0.9880773362 To find the outliers:
Exponential: Select ExpReg on the STAT CALC Q1 1.5(IQR) 8 1.5(2.05)
menu. 4.925
R2 0.9624472328 Q3 1.5(IQR) 10.05 1.5(2.05)
The value of R2 is closest to 1 for the quadratic 13.125
regression. The regression equation is The data set has no values less than 4.925 or
y 0.4107142857x2 1645.696429x 1,648,561. greater than 13.125, so it has no outliers.
The coefficient of determination is 6. Range: 21 – 1 20 runs
R2 0.9880773362. 7. There are 54 values in the data set, so the median
7. Use the quadratic regression equation with is the average of the 27th and 28th values. The
5 5
x 2004. median, then, is 2 5 runs.
y 0.4107142857x2 1645.696429x 1,648,561 8. The lower quartile is the 14th value, 4 runs. The
y 0.4107142857(2004) 2 1645.696429(2004) upper quartile is the 41st value, 10 runs.
1,648,561 9. IQR Q Q
3 1
y 20.5 10 4
The cost in 2004 is expected to be about 20.5¢. 4 runs.
8. No; the price will start to increase using the
quadratic model.
9. An exponential model may be more appropriate
for predicting cost beyond 2003, since it will
continue the pattern of decreasing prices where
the annual decrease is getting smaller.
595

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ISBN: 0-07-827752-3 Algebra 1

Chapter 1 The Language of Algebra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Chapter 1 The Language of Algebra

4. (4 6)7 (10)7 5. 50  (15 9) 50  24 17. 15 3 2 15 6 18. 22 3 7 22 21

Pages 14–15 Practice and Apply

29. Evaluate n(2n 3) for n 4.

285 40. 100 cells after 250 cells after

44. Sample answer: Using 1, 2, 3: 4 9 91 1

16. Replace a in 3a 7 31 with each value in the 20. Replace x in x 4

1 12 158 S 157 158

24. Replace x in 16(x 2) 70.4 with each value in 1

? or 39n 10.95 102.50

The solution set for 6a  5

6. 4[2 (18 9)3] 4[2 (2)3]

10 Multiplicative Property of 3 ($400,000 $50,000 $50,000)

Zero; 5  0 0 or 3(400,000 50,000 50,000)

($400,000 $1,000,000 $50,000)

3 5(0) 1 Substitution; 4 4 0 or 4(400,000 1,000,000 50,000)

or 350,000 50,000 350,000 50,000

1-5 The Distributive Property

46. 12(3c 4) 12(3c) 12(4) 1

1442443 123 1444244 43 1

11 2 112  5.2  7.862

22. Hypothesis: a b 44. Sample answer:

17. The number of sides of the polygon is the

10. Michelle gets a fever and takes some medicine. 540

Conclusion: you can send e-mail

60 U.S. Commercial Radio Stations

in a graph and by expressing an event as a

function of another event. Answers should

include the following.

• A graph gives you a visual representation of Format

However, each side is not 4 inches long.

18c. See students’ graphs and explanations.

20. C; From the second to the third day the 800

61. There are no like terms. 5( p  q) pq

0.45 120 54 920 Substitution; 2  2 0

6. D; 3(2x 3) 2(x 1) 3(2x) 3(3) 2(x) 2(1)

There are six numbers in the set. When ordered 8.

31. 49. 0z 0 13 4 05 0 13 4

Therefore, 0x 0 0x 0 can be thought of as what

Page 83 Maintain Your Skills

Pages 92–94 Practice and Apply

49. The probability that it will occur is 3, so the

Page 101 Maintain Your Skills

(15n 20) 5 3. There are 2 possibilities for a one-child family,

147 22 and 1649 147 22

169 22 and 8136 169 22

11014 22 and 11014 22

9 32 S 29 3 The odds of selecting an even number from a deck

Chapter 2 Study Guide and Review

149 22 and 8116 149 22

Chapter 3 Solving Linear Equations

5. the sum of is the

2lw with l  s, h  s, and w  s. Fourteen plus d equals six times d.

The Pacific Ocean This formula for a right triangle is c  a2 b2. 2

the sum of the lengths

1 Plan: Write the formula for the volume of

 1000 1442443 123 the advertising portion {

156 22 S 3 2536  56

58. 290 represents the positive square root of 90.

4. (4 6)7 (10)7 5. 50 (15 9) 50 24 17. 15 3 2 15 6 18. 22 3 7 22 21

The solution set for 6a 5

Zero; 5 0 0 or 3(400,000 50,000 50,000)

11 2 112 5.2 7.862

61. There are no like terms. 5( p q) pq

0.45 120 54 920 Substitution; 2 2 0

2lw with l s, h s, and w s. Fourteen plus d equals six times d.

The Pacific Ocean This formula for a right triangle is c a2 b2. 2

1000 1442443 123 the advertising portion {

156 22 S 3 2536 56

7. 104 y 67 14. The average the average

The solution is 3.43. 14 14 ✓

22. 25 150 q 29. 6 m (3.42)

Check: 2.56 c 0.89 3 7

Check: k 0.6 3.84 1 1 5 1

3. d 18 27 45 45 ✓

Check: 18 5p 3 13. Twelve 34.

The solution is 30. 12 n

weight the 6th hour. 7 g

(3.5 1.5)x 5 8 4n

Step 4 Press ALPHA [SOLVE] to reveal the r 120

25% of $58 0.25 58 x 0.38988

8. To rotate the triangle 90 counterclockwise about 17b. y

K(2, 4) S K¿ 1 2 (2), 2 4 2 S K¿(1, 2)

M(4, 4) S M¿ 1 2 (4), 2 (4) 2 S M¿(2, 2)

60. To rotate the quadrilateral 90 counterclockwise 67. Hypothesis: it is hot