Why Transformers Can’t step Up Or Step Down A DC Voltage or Current?

A transformer cannot step up or step down a DC voltage. It is not recommendable to

connect a DC supply to a transformer because if a DC rated voltage is applied to the
coil (primary) of a transformer, the flux produced in the transformer will not change in its
magnitude but rather remain the same and as a result EMF will not be induced in the
secondary coil except at the moment of switching on, So the transformer may start to
smock and burn because;
In case of DC supply, Frequency is zero

Power Transmission Transformer

These transformers are used in transmission network so they do not directly connect
to the consumers, so load fluctuations are very less.

The power transformers are used in the transmission networks of higher voltages.
In power transmission, the power is transmitted through wires over large
distances; there is a power loss due to the resistance caused by heating.
These transformers are ordinarily installed in or near the central station or source of
power, or in substation.

Distribution Transformer
A distribution transformer or service transformer is a transformer that provides the
final voltage transformation in the electric power distribution system, stepping down
the voltage used in the distribution lines to the level used by the customer.

These transformers take power from the primary lines and deliver it direct to the
consumers. It is smaller in size, easy to install and has low magnetic losses

Generator Transformer Power Plant

Generator transformer is a special purpose transformer used in power which is placed
in between turbo Generator and grid power supply.

It is connected to transform the generated power in the generator to the main grid power
supply and it is placed near to generator so it is called as generator transformer. The
basic schematic representation of Generator transformer in power plant is shown in
figure.
Importance or functions of Generator transformer
Basically Generator transformer is a two way transformer where it receives the power
from the grid and feeds the plant station loads during plant start-up or on generator trip.
In another case it transfers the generated power from the generator to grid power
supply.

The basic function of generator transformer is to step up the generated voltage to high
voltage which is equal to transmission line voltage. Normally the generated voltage will
be in the range of 21 kV or 33 kV which is not efficient to transmit the power in the
transmission lines. So it needs to be converted to high voltage and generator
transformer does this task of converting it high voltage.

It also isolates the generator with grid power in large power plants to safe guard the
generator during grid transients.

It acts as step sown transformer during plant start-up which converts the high voltage
grid power supply to suitable plant station supply. During start-up the generator will be
isolated with the help of Generator circuit breaker.
Autotransformer
Autotransformer is an electrical transformer with only one winding It is a
transformer in which part of the winding is common to both the primary and the
secondary circuits.

In an autotransformer, portions of the same winding act as both

the primary and secondary sides of the transformer. In contrast, an ordinary transformer has
separate primary and secondary windings which are not electrically connected.

Instrument Transformer

These are used to measure the some electrical quantity like voltage, current etc. As
their name specifies these are classified as potential transformers, current transformers
etc.

Current Transformers - these type of transformer are also called the series
transformer because the primary, usually contains of few turns, it is connected in series
with the line. The secondary is having large no. of turns. Secondary is connected
directly to an ammeter. As the ammeter is having very small resistance. Hence, the
secondary of current transformer operates almost in short circuited condition.

Voltage Transformers - Primary is having large number of turns connected

across the line, and therefore it is sometimes called the parallel transformers. They are
used in general to step-down the voltage of the primary circuits. Secondary of P.T. is
having few turns and connected directly to a voltmeter. As the voltmeter is having large
resistance. Hence the secondary of a P.T. operates almost in open circuited condition.